International law in general — Nature and binding force — Concept of equity — Whether a matter of abstract justice or of rule of law requiring application of equitable principles — Nature of duty to negotiate towards equitable settlement State territory — Parts of State territory — Territorial waters Breadth and delimitation of the maritime belt — Whether determined by international law — Fishing limits — Whether internatonal law restricts fishing limits to twelve miles from coast State territory — Parts of State territory — Territorial waters Fisheries — Exclusive fishing zone — Whether extent prescribed by international law — Whether limited to twelve miles from coast — Preferential rights of coastal State beyond territorial waters State territory — Parts of State territory — Continental shelf — Rights of State over waters above its continental shelf — Fisheries — Development of concept of sovereignty over continental shelf — Effect on changing law of the sea State territory — Parts of State territory — State servitudes — Fishing rights in high seas — Preferential rights of coastal State in adjacent waters — Historic rights of other States Jurisdiction — High seas — Conception of the high seas and freedom of the sea — Theory of absolute freedom of the high seas — Qualifications thereof — Fisheries — Duty to have regard for interests of other States — Preferential rights of coastal State in adjacent waters — Historic rights of other States Treaties — Conclusion and operation of treaties — Conditions of validity — Effect of duress — Anglo — Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961 Treaties — Termination — By operation of law — Fundamental change of circumstances — Relevance of change of circumstances to treaty — Failure of consideration — Anglo-Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961 Treaties — Termination — By act of party — Unilateral denunciation — Circumstances in which State entitled to denounce treaty Anglo — Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961 Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Competence — Jurisdiction under treaty — Anglo-Icelandic Exchange of Notes — Refusal of State to appear — Whether affecting jurisdiction of the Court Disputes — International Court ofJustice — Contentious jurisdiction — Competence — Interim measures of protection Disputes — International Court of Justice — Contentious jurisdiction — Procedure — Effect of refusal of State to appear Disputes — International Court ofJustice — Contentious jurisdiction — The law applicable — Rule of law requiring application of equitable principles — Competence of Court to indicate equitable principles as guide to negotiation Disputes — Negotiation — Relationship between negotiation and judicial settlement — International Court of Justice Jurisdiction — In general — Territorial — Over fisheries — Extent of — Whether limited to twelve miles — Whether extension to fifty miles permissible — Icelandic claim — Whether opposable to United Kingdom — Adjacent waters — Rights of the coastal State Exceptional dependence upon fisheries — Conservation — Preferential rights of coastal State — Historic rights of other States — Duty of States to negotiate equitable balance between rights — Anglo-Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961 Treaties — Conclusion — Conditions of validity — Duress — Termination — By operation of law — Fundamental change of circumstances — Failure of consideration — Termination by act of party — Unilateral denunciation — Anglo — Icelandic Exchange of Notes 1961 Disputes — International Court of justice — jurisdiction — Treaty conferring jurisdiction denounced by one party — Procedure Interim measures of protection — Nature of a dispute — Relationship between judicial process and negotiation International law in general — Nature and binding force — Concept of equity — Equity and law — Sources of international law — Custom — Conditions for existence of rule of custom — The law of the sea


The changes in body temperature (TB) associated with the torpor cycle of P. californicus are described by the equation where t is time, and K is the heat capacity of body tissue. This equation can be solved after substituting appropriate expressions for maximum and minimum aerobic heat production and heat loss to give theoretical maximum rates of entry into and arousal from torpor.

The measured time course of body temperature and oxygen consumption during entry into torpor compare favorably with theoretical curves calculated under conditions of minimum heat production and maximum heat loss. Thus P. californicus appears able to "switch off its thermostat" so that oxygen consumption during entry into torpor falls almost to the minimum level for a given body temperature. Heat loss during entry into torpor appears to be facilitated by an increase in thermal conductance.

During arousal from torpor, body temperature increases faster than can be accounted for assuming maximum heat production and minimum heat loss. This could be explained by anaerobic heat production and by a decreased thermal conductance resulting from the posterior vasoconstriction typical of arousing hibernators.

Torpor periods of short duration are feasible for P. californicus, for it can enter torpor and arouse immediately thereafter at an ambient temperature of 15° with an expenditure of energy only 55% of that required to maintain a high body temperature over the same period of time. Arousal from torpor at an ambient temperature of 15° requires about 75% of the total energy expended during a ten hour torpor cycle; entry into torpor and torpor itself account for only 9 and 16% of the total energy expenditure, respectively.

The quantitative relations between heat production and heat loss presented in this paper suggest further investigations of the effects of body size on heat production and loss, and of physiological phenomena which alter heat exchange.


Pipeline stresses due to loss of support caused by depressions or scour below submarine pipelines are analyzed. The sea floor on which the pipe is resting is idealized by Winkler medium. Bending in horizontal plane due to hydrodynamic loads is considered in the analysis and theoretical equations and general solutions are presented. Theoretical results for vertical deflections due to loss of support are compared with experimental results, and computer results are presented in nondimensional form for a wide range of parameters. It is concluded that the stresses due to hydrodynamic drag will be affecting the resultant stresses considerably and will need consideration in the analysis. The deflection and moment coefficients are found to be linearly proportional to the load coefficient. An illustrative example has also been worked out to show the use of design charts.


This article adds to the empirical knowledge of drivers of learning-oriented use of performance information, paying special interest to the creation of learning forums. On the basis of survey responses from public managers in Danish municipalities, we analyze learning forums together with already established key factors (support capacity, measurability of tasks, and innovative culture) impacting managers' use performance information. Furthermore, we examine whether the relationship between learning forums and public managers' learning-oriented use of performance information is moderated and/or mediated by support capacity, measurability, and innovative culture. The analyses show that both the existence of learning forums and having adequate support capacity are significant and positively related to managers' learning-oriented use of performance information. It also shows that support capacity significantly and positively mediates the effect of learning forums on managers' learning-oriented information use. The analyses show no significant moderations. The article contributes to the discussion of learning forums and managers' information use by connecting learning forums directly to managers' learning-oriented use of performance information by comparing the effect of learning forums relative to effects of other established important drivers of information use and by advancing the understanding of possible moderating and mediating mechanisms between learning forums and the managers' learning oriented use of performance information.


This paper argues that a prominent—and oft-thought to be persuasive—argument against general validity as the best account of validity for languages containing the actuality operator is flawed, the flaw arising out of inadequate attention to the formalisation of mood distinctions.


The azimuthal distribution and azimuthal correlation of the emitted light charge particles in coincidence with the forward-going heavy fragments in the reaction of 10.6 MeV/nucleon Kr-84 on Al-27 have been studied in detail. A novel way to extract the reaction plane dispersion by combining the azimuthal distribution constructed using the experimental measured reaction plane which contains a reaction plane dispersion and a two-particle azimuthal correlation which is free of reaction plane dispersion was described. This method was applied to the low-energy fission reaction Kr-84+Al-27 at 10.6 MeV/nucleon for light particles, p and alpha, with success.


A full rational explanation of all the properties of the universe by 3 postulates (time, space, thin spheroid). This theory explains that charge is just a result of rotational motion, much as the temperature is just a result of translational motion. It explains why the speed of light is constant, what exactly are the elementary particle spins and why they have such strange properties and how entanglement form, how we can explain the huge red shift in CMB without stretching space. On the hearth of this theory lay a mathematical discovery that state that oppositely rotated spheroids attract and same rotated spheroids repel each other in an imaginary universe that contains many even thinner spheroids that translate in all directions without rotating.


In order to meet the costs of demographic and technological changes, healthcare providers will need to achieve unprecedented efficiency gains. The NHS has been set the goals of enhancing efficiency while improving care quality and outcomes (Department of Health, 2010). Consequently, the NHS is facing a future in which it will be striving not merely to maintain current outcomes using fewer resources, but to improve outcomes in the face of diminished resources. In the starkest of terms, the requirement is to deliver more with less. The challenge is how to achieve this goal. The government acknowledges that in the absence of unlimited resources, the NHS will only be able to increase quality through implementing best practice and thereby increasing productivity (Department of Health, 2010). In simple terms, effective wound management comprises the informed selection and application of products matched to the patient being treated, and to a clearly defined and achievable clinical objective shared by both the clinician and the patient. Thus the issue of efficiency in wound management should not be over-simplified into a solely product-based discussion. While products do impact upon overall treatment cost, their relative contribution is small compared to other costs such as clinician time and complications (such as admissions and surgical interventions). What is vitally important is ensuring the process of selecting and using a dressing product is optimised. To achieve this, clinicians must have the necessary knowledge and skills to enable them to identify a realistic and achievable clinical objective, agree this with the patient, select appropriate dressing products, review progression in line with treatment milestones and adjust the treatment plan as necessary. A key component of practice is, therefore, access to products that support clinicians in accomplishing wound management objectives as effectively and efficiently as possible. This article details the appraisal process used to examine the in-practice performance of ALLEVYN Life (Smith & Nephew Healthcare Ltd) in order to determine its suitability for a formulary listing. ALLEVYN Life has a number of unique features designed to improve the patient experience and in doing so increase the potential for enhanced practice efficiency. These features include a masking layer in conjunction with a specific indicator for dressing change, an ergonomic quadrilobe shape and high fluid handling. The appraisal process was undertaken to determine the extent to which the features of ALLEVYN Life proved useful in clinical practice and if the anticipated intended clinician and patient benefits are actualised during in-practice use. The underpinning key objective was to ensure that the process of considering a product for listing was informed by robust in-practice clinical data, so that the potential value to be gained from adding a new product was clearly understood.


. In this study, we construct the di ff erence sequence spaces (cid:96) p (cid:16) P∇ 2 q (cid:17) = ( (cid:96) p ) P∇ 2 q , 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞ , where P = ( (cid:37) rs ) is an infinite matrix of Padovan numbers (cid:37) s defined by and ∇ 2 q is a q -di ff erence operator of second order. We obtain some inclusion relations, topological properties, Schauder basis and α -, β - and γ -duals of the newly defined space. We characterize certain matrix classes from the space (cid:96) p (cid:16) P∇ 2 q (cid:17) to any one of the space (cid:96) 1 , c 0 , c or (cid:96) ∞ . We examine some geometric properties and give certain estimation for von-Neumann Jordan constant and James constant of the space (cid:96) p ( P ). Finally, we estimate upper bound for Hausdor ff matrix as a mapping from (cid:96) p to (cid:96) p ( P ) .


Using the method that is high stability coefficient,adaptability parameter,coefficient of variation,coefficient of regression judged productivity,stability and adap tability of Liaoning maize hybrids Regional Experiment in 2007.The result shows that it is accurate,assured and convenient to assess maize varieties by using high stability coefficient.'zhongnongda 4'and other 4 hybids high production,the stable production and the adap tability are good,they have the higher production increase potential.


Mother's History We know little of the first two years of her life, apart from hints that she was not well cared for, perhaps even abused. Her parents died when she was two, and she spent the next two years in foster homes before being adopted. Angela, although intelligent, was a low average student at school, and found it difficult to make friends. She left school in grade 10, and finding no jobs, she did volunteer work at a mental hospital and at a cerebral palsy clinic. She returned to try grade 11 but soon left again. Notices from the school imply that she was unreliable, and that she lost her temper, fighting on occasion, once almost hitting the principal. She started dating at the age of 13. There were problems at home, and she and her foster parents were seen in a family therapy clinic on three occasions (during her adolescence). She related to us one incident in which she shut her foster mother's fingers in a door, by mistake, when in a rage. When age 18 she was involved with several men, and one weekend she forgot her pills and became pregnant. At this time she was using a fair amount of alcohol and drugs. We are not certain who the father was, although Angela has a pretty good idea. When she discovered she was pregnant, Ken, the man she was then living with, felt that an abortion was called for but apparently it was too late. At about six months of pregnancy she called Children's Aid to ask about adoption, and from then onwards she was visited by a public health nurse every two weeks. However, she did not attend any prenatal clinics. She was given advice about how to give the child up for adoption after delivery. She and Ken seriously considered this, but after the child was born they changed their minds, and both very much wanted the child. Angela married Ken some two months before delivery and in due time gave birth to a normal female infant. We first saw her some ten days after delivery, her episiotomy having broken due to infection. She came to us because Ken was already a patient of ours. Her aunt cared for the child while she was hospitalized because of her rather exhausted and pathetic state. She was already telling us that the baby seemed to hate her and screamed every time she picked it up, which our observations confirmed. She was jealous of other people who had more success with the baby than she did, and felt that the baby was rejecting her. We felt sorry for this thin unwell girl, who seemed to have little going for her, and we felt protective towards her. Then another blow struck. Angela's stepmother developed leukemia, and in a few days she died. Angela did not appear as upset as we might have expected, but we did not know much about the previous relationship. At this time Children's Aid was watching over them very closely. They had recognized the risks and had seen her difficulty in coping with the child. A bruise on the baby's face a few days after she got home raised the suspicion that the child might already have been abused. Angela denied any incident, saying that the baby must have rolled over and hurt itself on the crib. On leaving hospital, she demanded once again to have the baby, being very jealous of those who had been looking after her. However, she quickly gave the child to a friend to look after, claiming that she still needed time to recover. The public health nurse kept in close touch and Angela told her on one occasion she was upset with the baby, and felt like hurting her. We were seeing the mother and child once or twice a week to support them, and get to know them better. We were also seeing the husbaid as often as he could come in. After a few more days Angela asked the Children's Aid Society if they would take care of the baby, feeling unable to cope. They were glad to do so because of their concerns. They also requested that we should have a psychiatric opinion of Angela's capabilities as a mother. We held a conference involving the workers from Children's Aid, the public health nurse, the psychiatrist, a social worker and our team, which consisted of the family physician, a resident in family medicine and a nurse practitioner. We decided that 1. Foster care should be continued. 2. Angela should be encouraged to visit us frequently with the baby, in


As an important part of quality education,music education plays a very important role in students′ personality development and fulfillment,especially in students′ cultivation of comprehensive qualities.This paper mainly analyzes meaning of music education on cultivating students′ comprehensive qualities.Teaching mode of music education in higher vocational colleges is also studies.


Potassium and thallium salts, K(L) and Tl(L), have been prepared from the following acids H(L) where (L) is a potentially bidentate ligand : 8-hydroxyquinoline, H(1), isonitrosoacetophenone, H(2), 1-nitroso-2-naphthol, H(3), 2-nitrophenol, H(4), 2-aminobenzoic acid, H(5), 2,4-dinitrophenol, H(6), 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, H(7), and 2-nitrobenzoic acid, H(8). The thallium compounds, except Tl(6) have low conductivities in N-methylpyrrolidone. Addition of acids H(L′) to the potassium salts K(L) gave the following new adducts K(6),H(7), K(3),2H(1), K(5),2H(1), K(6),2H(3), and K(8),2H(3). No corresponding thallium adducts Tl(L),H(L′) could be obtained.With 2,2′-bipyridyl a 1 : 1 adduct was obtained only with Tl(6). On addition to the corresponding metal salts 1,10-phenanthroline, phen, yielded Tl(4),phen, Tl(5),phen, Tl(6),phen, Tl(7),phen, Tl(8),phen, and K(7),2phen,-2H2O. 2,9-Dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dmphen, on addition to the metal salts, gave Tl(5),dmphen, Tl(6),dmphen, Tl(7),dmphen, Tl(8),dmphen, K(5),dmphen, and K(7),dmphen.


Prestressed concrete segmental box girder bridges have been used in America for the last 16 yr. The cross section of a segmental prestressed concrete box girder usually has transverse cantilevers, which may incorporate transverse post‐tensioning. The transverse cantilever decks of the Southway Bridge were load tested to verify the design. The experimental results are presented and compared to the design analytical models used to predict the structure's behavior.


The objective this research was to investigate the biomechanical properties of various structures and thicknesses of implants for cranial restoration. A three-dimensional (3D) printing (3DP) technique has been applied in factories for several decades, but it was only recently introduced
 to the dental field less than 10 years ago. The structures of pre-shaped cranial mesh implants are critical factors for clinical applications. Many previous studies used finite element models to investigate for implants, but few examined a 3D model for pre-shaped cranial mesh implants with
 different structures and thicknesses. 3D cranial models were reconstructed using computer tomography to simulate preshaped cranial mesh implants under physical impacts. Data indicated that the stress significantly decreased when implants with greater thicknesses were used. Moreover, the implant
 with a circular structure created a relatively smaller stress that was approximately 7% lower compared to the implant with a triangular structure. As described above, the results of the present study demonstrate that 3DP-Ti is a reliable material of implants for cranial restoration.


Thermal displays that use thermoelectric modules face a contradiction between high-speed display and cooling ability when displaying thermal sensation. Thermal illusions are expected to address this problem. However, research on thermal illusions remains inadequate, and unknown elements for inducing thermal illusions must be elucidated. Time may be one such element. We found that sensation at the middle finger's fingertip and root of the finger changes when receiving stimuli in different touch orders but that the traditional model cannot explain this. We thereby propose a model to describe the differences in spatially distributed perception induced by the temporal effect based on the distribution difference and interactions of thermoreceptors. We assume that warm and cold receptors have different effective ranges owing to their different spatial distributions. In addition, receptors have an inhibitory and disinhibitory effect on the other receptors in the effective range. This paper clarifies the temporal effect of touch patterns on thermal sensation. The model describes how the effective range and interactions of receptors influence the thermal sensation. A systematic design of thermal sensation at the neural level may be expected.


In this work thefcaturesof maintenance and organization of various types of studies of 12-13 yearold dancers during the preparation for competitions are considered. According to the pedagogical research theslruclure and maintenance of a series of training tasks lor basic pari training, conlro). warming-up and regenerative exercises for 12-1 Зуеаг old sport-dhncers are defined and experimentally proved


Intramolecular catalytic hydroamination reactions of geminally disubstituted amino alkenes employing the bulky substituted bis(η5:η1-pentafulvene)titanium complexes 1a and 1b and the corresponding benzannelated derivative 2 as catalysts are presented. While all three complexes are competent hydroamination catalysts, best results are achieved with the bis(benzofulvene) derivative 2. In addition, a series of Ti−N-containing compounds became available by stoichiometric reactions of 1 with N−H acidic substrates. In such a way, using aniline derivates (H2N−Ar, Ar: p-tolyl, 1-naphthyl) the bisamides (η5-C5H4−CHR2)2Ti(NHAr)2 (CHR2: adamantyl, Ar: p-tolyl 5a; R: p-tolyl, Ar: p-tolyl 5b; R: p-tolyl, Ar: 1-naphthyl 5c; CHR2: adamantyl, Ar: 1-naphthyl 5d) are prepared in high yields under mild conditions. In contrast to this, the employment of the catalytically relevant amine H2NCH2C(Ph)2CH2CH═CH2 (3a) in a reaction with (η5:η1-C5H4═CR2)2Ti (CR2: adamantylidene, 1a) leads to the titanium monoamide (η5:η1-C5H4═CR2)(η...


The behavior and structure of entropy solutions of scalar convex conservation laws are studied. It is well kn0a.n that such entropy solutioris consist of at most countable number of C1-smooth regions. We obtain new upper. bounds on the higher order derivatives of the entropy solution in any one of its C1-smoothness regions. These bounds enable us to measure the hzgh order piecewise smoothness of the entropy solution. To this end we introduce an appropriate new Cn-semi norm - localized to the smooth part of the entropy solution. and we show that the entropy solution is stable with respect to this norm. \Ye also address the question regarding the number of C1-smoothness pieces, we show that if the initial speed has a finite number of decreasing inflection points then it bounds the number of future shock discontinuities. Loosely speaking this says that in the case of such generic initial data the entropy solution consists of a finite number of smooth pieces, each of which is as smooth as the data permits. It is this type of pzecewise smoothness which is assumed - sometime implicitly - in many finite-dimensional computations for such discontinuous problems.


From the definition of system, background and process of Earth System Science are reviewed simply. The earth system science has become a focus and hotspot in Geo sciences field, and is driving and accelerating the development of geo information science, land system science and globe change study. The special location of coastal zone in earth system is discussed in detail. Coastal zone study plays an important role in earth system science. The front of coastal zone study, LOCIZ, is also introduced briefly in this paper.


Aerated lagoons are used in developing and developed countries to treat domestic and industrial wastewater especially from small communities. They represent a reliable method of biological treatment capable of producing satisfactory effluent throughout the year. They are preferred to several other treatment processes like the activated sludge because of the simplicity of the overall system, less need for trained operator assistance and very competitive overall cost of wastewater treatment. In Quebec where there are some 1400 small municipalities this method of treatment is found to perform satisfactorily, notwithstanding the extreme temperature variations. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the performance of this method of waste stabilization from the point of view of organic removal, retention time, power requirement and nutrient removal without chemical coagulation. An existing treatment plant with aerated lagoons was used for the study. The results show that a summer retention time of about 8 days can produce an effluent having 20-25 mg/L of BOD, 20 mg/L of SS and 2-3 mg/L of total phosphates without coagulant addition.


and cross-references to its occurrence in the CM. Anawalt concludes Volume I with a detailed comparative study of the clothing and textiles depicted in the document, complete with 112 figures. This chapter is accompanied by six fold-out appendixes that summarize the textile styles and compare them to other pictorial documents. AH eight chapters in Volume I are superb scholarly analyses that not only illuminate the CM but also make important contributions to our general understanding of Aztec culture. Volume II of the CA/consists of detailed descriptions and analyses of each page and its contents. The conquest lists are presented in a standard format for each ruler, with information on the dates of the reigns, the ruler, his conquests, and a list of sources on the reign. The page descriptions of the tribute section of the CM also follow a standard format, starting with lists of the tributary towns and the total tribute of each province, followed by brief analyses of the conquest history, the nature of the province and inhabitants, and the tribute. These descriptions update the information in Robert Barlow's (1949) classic work, The Extent of the Empire of the Culhua Mexica, and provide new syntheses of economic information. The accompanying maps of each province, based on Barlow, are useful for showing general locations, but they are not sufficiently accurate for scholarly analysis. For a more recent revised map of the empire and more detailed descriptions of provincial political geography and imperial relations, readers should consult the forthcoming Aztec Imperial Strategies by Berdan, Richard Blanton, Boone, Mary Hodge, Smith, and Emily Umberger. Unlike the page descriptions for the first two sections, which are useful but do not break much new ground, those for the ethnographic section are quite innovative, presenting the first detailed analyses of the ethnographic content of the CM in a fascinating and useful format. After descriptions and analyses of the content of each register, a section labeled "Image Descriptions" treats in detail nearly all of the individual images. Descriptions are organized by item. Each item is identified by both English and Nahuatl terms, and a drawing of its occurrence in the CM is provided next to the entry. The text describes each item and its significance, providing numerous comparative references to other Aztec pictorial and text sources. This is a gold mine of information on Aztec material culture and social roles. The authors present copious information on everything from pulque jars to irrigation canals to temples, from novice priests to "three-captive warriors" to codex painters. Archaeologists and anyone else with an interest in mesoamerican material culture will find abundant useful information in this almost ethnoarchaeological account. The facsimile of the CM in Volume HI is a beautiful document. Considerable care was taken in the photography, and the full-size accurate-color photos are striking. All of the pages of the original document are included, complete with empty folios and the covers. The colors in this 450-year-old manuscript are still vivid and bright, opening up the CM to stylistic and symbolic analyses of colors and their use. Volume IV, Pictorial Parallel Image Replicas, is a second complete version of the codex with all images presented as blackand-white line drawings. The Spanish glosses of individual images are translated and typeset in their original positions. The Spanish narrative descriptions are typeset in parallel columns of Spanish and English. This is where most readers will turn to find out what the CM says, and Volume IV makes this publication far and away the most useful and "userfriendly" edition of any mesoamerican codex. One does not have to read Spanish or sixteenth-century handwriting to learn that an odd-looking item of tribute paid by Soconusco province is "one large piece of clear amber, the size of a brick" (Volume IV, p. 99 [folio 47r]), or that the individuals watching the skilled craftsmen at work are their sons (Volume IV, p. 145 [folio 70r]). This edition greatly advances the field of mesoamerican ethnohistory, not only through the publication of accurate and useful reproductions of the CM, but also through the excellent scholarly analyses and interpretations of its content and significance. This publication will spawn countless secondary studies of Aztec culture for many years to come. Frances Berdan, Patricia Anawalt, and the University of California Press should be congratulated for this attractive and useful volume. The publisher should consider making all or part of The Codex Mendoza more widely available in an inexpensive paperback edition; in my opinion, Volume IV will be the most heavily used volume. As a whole, this is a magnificent edition that all scholars with an interest in Mesoamerica will need to consult.


Count data regression modeling has received much attention in several science fields in which the Poisson, Negative binomial, and Zero-Inflated models are some of the primary regression techniques. Negative binomial regression is applied to modeling count variables, usually when they are over-dispersed. A Poisson distribution is also utilized for counting data where the mean is equal to the variance. This situation is often unrealistic since the distribution of counts will usually have a variance that is not equal to its mean. Modeling it as Poisson distributed leads to ignoring under- or overdispersion, depending on if the variance is smaller or larger than the mean. Also, situations with outcomes having a larger number of zeros such as RNASeq data require Zero-inflated models. Variable selection through shrinkage priors has been a popular method to address the curse of dimensionality and achieve the identification of significant variables. We present a unified Bayesian hierarchical framework that implements and compares shrinkage priors in negative-binomial and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models. The key feature is the representation of the likelihood by a Polya-Gamma data augmentation, which admits a natural integration with a family of shrinkage priors. We specifically focus on the Horseshoe, Dirichlet Laplace, and Double Pareto priors. Extensive simulation studies address the efficiency of the model and mean square errors are reported. Further, the models are applied to data sets such as the Covid-19 vaccine, and Covid-19 RNA-Seq data among others. The models are robust enough to address variable selection, and MSE decreases as the sample size increases, having lower errors in p>n cases. The noteworthy results showed that the adverse events of Covid-19 vaccines were dependent on age, recovery, medical history, and prior vaccination with a remarkable reduction in MSE of the fitted values. No. of publications of Ph.D. students were dependent on the no. of children, and the no. of articles in the last three years. The models are robust enough to conduct both variable selections and produce effective fit because of their high shrinkage property and applicability to a broad range of biometric and public health high dimensional problems.


At the end of the 1780's, the shortage of small change in Great Britain it was so pressing that many of the great companies had to solve themselves the problem of the payment to their workers minting copper tokens. The first of them, Parys Mine Company, make tokens with an intrinsic copper value next to the nominal, and convertibles in royal currency. Other companies followed the same way, and after appeared imitations, fantasy "mules" and counterfeits. The situation forced the Crown to ban the use of tokens and to mint royal copper coins in 1797. In 1811 the situation of copper coins shortage reproduced, with the added factor of a surplus of copper into the hands of many companies. In this case the private minting was less extense and of smaller duration. In this story they also appear the close relations between mines and industries in the Great Britain of the end of XVIII century.


Each place name has its own history. The name of a mountain or any other object of the environment, whether it is a small spring, a piece of land, a water area or even a desert, is of great importance and contains an unsolved mystery.The article is devoted to the issue of the formation of toponyms as a valuable cultural heritage, which, being a kind of" language of the earth", often provide more for solving the problems of historical phenomena than the monuments of material culture, the evidence of ancient and medieval authors. The study of the historical, geographical and linguistic meaning of a placename allows you to get acquainted with the life of the people living in this area.Each geographical name is historical, and its meaning is extensive. They deal with different information depending on the phenomena and changes of time: different wars, folk customs, traditions, relations between peoples and a rich historical past. The appellatives that are part of toponyms determine the natural features of the object (terrain, plants, soil, etc.), and there are also names made up of ethnonyms and antrotoponyms. The names in this group fully convey theethnogenesis of the region. Geo objects on earth are also named for their distinctive features, qualitative, and quantitative properties. What matters to us is what parts of speech are used when creating these names. The article discusses the most common toponyms, which are created using nouns, and also provides their structural models. Nouns and adjectives play a more active role intoponymy than other parts of speech.Nouns actively participate in the formation of toponyms, forming new words. In this regard, the composition of toponyms is also diverse. Toponymic names contain word-forming suffixes, all types of words in various ways. Derived suffixes in the formation of toponymic names and their activity are also considered.


Is container shipping a commodity? : pricing less dependent on what's in the box -- Trying times : 2016 looks like it will be an even more difficult year for container carriers.


Physical activity correctly done is a factor of health promotion and pathology prevention, as just as one of the well-being sources of which modem society disposes. On the other land, if it is done in an indiscriminated way, not respecting the biological characteristics corresponding to each age, and prefering medals to the psico-physical integrity, it can be a risk factor and responsible of pathology at short and long term. We are going to expose the biological features of children, the consequences of physical activity and the correct exercise for every age.


This work reports on the preparation of modified TiO2 electrodes, which could be applied to the photoanodes in a dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). TiO2 layer was formed on a FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) coated glass via doctor-blade method and post heat treatment. Then, the various metal hydroxides and metal oxides were selectively deposited onto the TiO2 layers via electrophoretic deposition and annealing process to give modified TiO2 layer in DSSCs. When metal hydroxide-deposited electrodes were employed in DSSCs, photovoltaic efficiencies were improved by ca. 3–16% compared to those of the cells with bare TiO2 electrodes. However, it was found that the efficiencies regressed when the metal hydroxides were converted to metal oxides via the annealing process.


The present invention discloses a flow control device or a short-stroke valve, the speed control for providing a correction in a shorter stroke. The valve comprises a plurality of disk stack or cartridge constructed according to the present invention, the cartridge or disk stack separated by spacer members inserted into one another, and disposed axially within the valve gallery, and clamped in the seat ring and the valve cover between. Cassette plug to control fluid passage through the throttle valve, the spool defines a plurality of elements or throttle valve plug protruding portion, defined by the spool valve plug number of the projections is preferably equal to the cartridge contained in the valve of number. Valve plug protruding portion of the valve plug to control fluid flow through the disk stack or cartridge concatenated stream.


Relationships between collective scientific knowledge and country's economic prosperity and competitiveness have been described. Hence, interactions between industry and academic institutions is seen as a way to valorize this knowledge at social and economic levels. The ability to translate scientific knowledge in social and economic benefits is now receiving most of the funding for public research. However, and despite the evident long-term benefits of funding applied science, drastic reduction of budget for fundamental research may eventually lead to the opposite outcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The utility model provides an efficient energy-saving gas tunnel kiln which comprises a burner, a preheating zone, a firing zone and a cooling zone, wherein the top end inside the preheating zone adopts a flat top; the top end inside the firing zone is of an arch top structure; and a plurality of baffle plates used for blocking hot air to acceleratedly move forwards along the inside height of the arch top are arranged at the arch top inside the firing zone. The efficient energy-saving gas tunnel kiln also reconstructs the burner, a heat dissipation structure of the cooling zone and the like. Compared with an original tunnel kiln, the efficient energy-saving gas tunnel kiln saves energy by 29.3 percent, facilitates controlling the firing cost of an enterprise within the range below 30 percent and greatly improves the energy utilization rate; moreover, the wide-body tunnel kiln has the advantages of high production thermal efficiency, multivariable intelligent coupling control, high response speed of a system, convenience for operation of a complete machine, suitability for high temperature combustion supporting and the like; and the efficient energy-saving gas tunnel kiln is beneficial for improving firing qualified rate and firing quality of the product.


Low nephron endowment has an adverse effect on the outcome of many kidney diseases and is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. The formation of nephrons occurs as a result of the reciprocal interaction between metanephric mesenchymal (MM) cells and the ureteric bud (UB). MM cells secrete the trophic factor GDNF, which binds to the Ret receptors on the UB. Signaling via GDNF and the Ret receptor promotes UB branching and plays a central role for initiating nephron formation. The mechanisms controlling the release of GDNF from the MM cells has been elusive, despite its fundamental importance for kidney development. Most secretory processes are controlled by calcium signaling. Here we demonstrate, using embryonic E14 rat kidneys cultured for 1–2 days, the occurrence of spontaneous calcium transients in MM cells with a frequency of 2–29 min−1. Depletion of calcium stores in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) caused drastic reduction of calcium activity, while acute exposure of kidneys to calcium‐free extracellular solution had no effect. To chronically reduce the ER calcium stores and downregulate the spontaneous calcium activity in MM cells, kidneys were exposed to low concentration of CPA from DIV1 to DIV2. This resulted in swelling and significant reduction of UB as well as of significant reduction of UB branching points and of newly formed pre‐glomeruli. In addition, GDNF concentration in the culture media was significantly lower for CPA treated than for control kidneys. To further assess the role of calcium signaling for GDNF secretion, we stained the kidneys for MM and UB markers (WT‐1 and E‐Cadherin respectively) and for GDNF, as well as synaptotagmin‐1 (SYT1), a calcium binding protein that is the major calcium sensor activating secretory processes in the brain. By applying a tissue clearing protocol and super‐resolution microscopy, we could resolve the localization of SYT1 and GDNF in the MM cells, both surrounding the UB tips. In summary we have identified a novel calcium dependent link in the complex process of nephron formation. In the light of this, our results indicate that the vesicle transport and calcium‐regulated fusion that control neurotransmitter release at the synapsis could also have fundamental importance for early embryonic development of methanephric kidney.


We estimate the finite-time Lyapunov exponents for a stochastic partial differential equation driven by a fractional Brownian motion (fbm) with Hurst index $H\in(0,1)$ close to a bifurcation of pitchfork type. We characterize regions depending on the distance from bifurcation, the Hurst parameter of the fbm and the noise strength where finite-time Lyapunov exponents are positive and thus indicate a change of stability. The results on finite-time Lyapunov exponents are novel also for SDEs perturbed by fractional noise.


Research on lithium compounds has attracted much attention nowadays. However, to elucidate the precise structure of lithium compounds is a challenge, especially when considering the small ions that may be transferred between the interstitial voids. Here, the discovery of reduced local symmetry (symmetry breaking) in small domains of Li2SrSiO4 is reported by employing Eu3+ as a spectroscopic probe, for which X‐ray, neutron, and electron diffraction have confirmed the average long‐range structure with the space group P3121. However, luminescence shows a lower local symmetry, as confirmed by the extended X‐ray absorption fine structure. By considering the reduced symmetry of the local structure, this work opens the door to a new class of understanding of the properties of materials.


This research originated from the large number of limestone mining in the Pecatu Hill area and it caused deep niches. On the other hand, the problem of water scarcity is the main thing, because the characteristics of karst rocks can escape, dissolve and absorb water. The condition of the ex-niche mining and water shortages are two different problems. But in this study, trying to combine these problems into a solution with the aim of making experiments that can make limestone from Pecatu Hill have the potential to hold water for a long time in the form of a miniature reservoir model. This miniature reservoir model is made with a mixture of clay suspensions of various concentrations (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%). This miniature reservoir model is tested for discharge and absorption of water which is assumed to be rainwater puddle to determine the ability to absorb rainwater. The result of this test is that the miniature reservoir with a mixture of 15% clay suspension has the ability to withstand a decrease in rainwater shrinkage of 0.04L / minute and has a small water absorption capacity of 10.91% compared to other concentrations. This shows that the miniature limestone reservoir of Pecatu Hill with a mixture of 15% clay suspension has potential as an instrument for harvesting and collecting rainwater. So this is expected to be utilized by the villagers of Pecatu Hill as an instrument for harvesting and collecting rainwater.


We investigated full-epitaxial TiN/AlN/TiN Josephson junctions on MgO substrates for superconducting qubit applications. The critical temperature (TC) of TiN film is relatively low at around 5 K, but its lattice constant is about 0.424 nm, which is close to the lattice constant of MgO of 0.421 nm. TiN and AIN films were prepared by DC magnetron sputtering in a load-lock sputtering system with an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The deposition temperature was varied from ambient temperature to 1073 K. In XRD analysis, (200) peaks were observed in both the TiN single layer film and the TiN/AIN/TiN trilayer film. No other XRD peaks were observed in the single layer or trilayer films. The lattice constant of TiN was determined to be 0.4242 nm from XRD analysis, close to the value of 0.4212 nm for MgO. The 150 nm-thick single-layer TiN film on the MgO substrate showed a TC of 5.3 K and a resistivity of 3.5 μΩcm at 10 K. Based on these epitaxial TiN films, we fabricated TiN/AIN/TiN Josephson junctions and measured their current-voltage characteristics. At 1.9 K, the electrical parameters of junctions with JC = 50 A/cm2 showed that the gap voltage and the ratio of Rsg/RN were about 2.5 mV and 2.1, respectively.


The invention adopts the simple technology of first-screening followed by selecting with winnower to divide the garbage into inorganic substances, organic substances and plastic films. Heat the organic substances which account for the most part of the garbage in the charring stove without air and dry distill them into fuels which have similar qualities to coals. The gas and tar produced in the process of distilling are used to heat the charring stove so the invention has managed to deal with the garbage without doing any harm to the environment. The fuels can be used in families as well as in factories which have very large market potential.


SUMMARY To quantify performance of 3D time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), a sequential injection/withdrawal experiment was designed for geophysical monitoring of the pumpand-capture remediation of a conductive solute in an unconfined alluvial aquifer. Borehole ERT data were collected over a period of several days and inverted for 3D electrical conductivity using both independent and time-lapse regularization techniques. The ERT-estimated electrical conductivity can be used to predict solute concentration and solute mass in the aquifer over time via post-inversion parameter differencing. At any experimental stage, the total solute mass in the aquifer can be predicted with a maximum accuracy of 60‐85% depending on regularization protocol and survey geometry. However, sequential ERT models can also be used to estimate the withdrawn solute mass for every experimental stage (the change in mass between experimental stages). Withdrawn mass estimates are more reliable than total mass estimates, do not require background data, and do not exhibit systematic underprediction or dependence on the regularization protocol. Withdrawn mass predictions are accurate provided that changes in mass are not too large, where how large is too large is dataand model-dependent. Measures of model relibilty including prediction accuracy, the volume of investigation, and the pointspread function can provide valuable insight into the performance of ERT and the applicabilty of time-lapse differencing.


This study empirically conducted the post-importance evaluation of policies using the Synthetic Control Method(SCM) to determine the impact of government financial support restriction policy on regional development. The Unit of analysis are Donghae-si, Gwangyang-si, Namwon-si, Yeongam-gun, and Geumsan-gun. The analysis data related to regional development included the period from 2005 to 2019. The result variables are regional development divided into industrial advancement(the ratio of knowledge-based industries) and regional innovation(the number of applications for intellectual property rights). And the predictor variables included internal and external economic growth factors, socio-cultural factors, government financial factors and spatial factors that may affect regional development.
As a result, both aspects of industrial advancement and regional innovation showed negative effects in the region selected as government financial support restrictions universities . First of all, industrial advancement generally turned to a decreasing trend after the fiscal support restriction policy was implemented in 2011, and as a result of SCM analysis, the actual value was lower than the hypothetical value after the first restricted university was selected in all regions except Geumsan-gun (Jungbu University). In addition, in the case of regional innovation, which had been on a gentle increase before, there was a sharp change after the implementation of the government financial support restriction policy. And SCM analysis showed that the actual value are lower than the virtual value after the first restriction university was selected in all regions except Geumsan-gun (Jungbu University). These results indicate that universities in the region have a close relationship with the development of local industries through industry-university cooperation. In particular, vulnerable areas can first be victims of good faith in a situation where university restructuring is inevitable due to a decrease in the school-age population due to a decrease in the fertility rate. Therefore, given that university policy and regional development are not separate, an integrated policy approach from the perspective of balanced regional development is needed to minimize side effects on vulnerable areas.


Bachelor's thesis deals with the chapel of St. Isidore in Krenov. The practical part documents the restoration survey and executed restoration intervention stucco sculpture angel from the interior of the chapel. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the subject of the chapel, the period included in a broader context, focusing on sculpture part of its decoration. The work is concentrated visual documentation available about this chapel.


A method and an apparatus for sterilizing packaging material for use in packaging for protein containing products, such as food products or medical drugs. The packaging material is sterilized by irradiating it using a beam of ionizing radiation, such as an electron beam or a beam of gamma rays. Afterwards, the packaging material is processed in such a manner that protein reactive substances or compounds formed in the packaging material during the irradiation step are at least partly removed or rendered inreactive with respect to proteins. The processing step may advantageously be performed by heating the packaging material. Preferably, the processing step involves accelerating diffusion from the packaging material of protein reactive substances or compounds. Since the protein reactive substances or compounds are removed or rendered inreactive with respect to proteins, degradation of the product which is later stored in the packaging material is considerably reduced. The packaging material needs to be stored under sterile conditions for a shorter period of time. Thereby the space needed for sterile storage, as well of the risk of contamination, is considerably reduced.


BACKGROUND
This study sought to investigate the effects of the thermo-mechanical and rheological properties of a wheat gluten-sonicated model dough and noodles as well as the effects of ultrasonic frequency (20, 28, 40, 68, and 80 kHz) on the functional properties and structural features of gluten.

RESULTS
It was indicated that the water absorption, stability and developmental time, and viscoelastic behavior of gluten-sonicated model dough were all improved. Water absorption, tensile resistance and stretching distance of noodles increased markedly, while cooking loss decreased. Ultrasonication at different frequencies also significantly affected gluten structure, including its surface hydrophobicity, micro-network structure, and secondary and tertiary structures. These alterations then caused changes in its functional characteristics. Compared to untreated gluten, sonicated gluten exhibited significantly increased oil and water capacities (8.75-15.26% and 100.65-127.71% higher than the untreated gluten, respectively), foaming and emulsifying properties, and increased solubility (63.46-98.83% higher than control). In addition, these findings indicated that 40 kHz was the likely resonance frequency of the cavitation bubble in the gluten solution. However, SDS-PAGE electropherograms revealed that such treatments did not affect the molecular weight of gluten, which was also consistent with its unchanged disulfide bond content.

CONCLUSION
This research clarified the impact of frequency on the properties of gluten and model dough. 40 kHz was the best frequency for modification of gluten. Collectively, these findings suggested that ultrasonic technology has the potential for use in modifying wheat gluten and commercial noodle processing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


As one member of the largest transcription factors family,MYB gene plays an important role in the processes of second metabolisms and growth development in plants. A gene which was homologous with MYB was cloned from Indosasa hispida cv. 'Rainbow'by the rapid amplification of c DNA ends( RACE) method,and named as Ih MYB4. The Ih MYB4 expression in different organs of I. hispida cv. 'Rainbow ' was tested by RT-PCR. The sequence analysis showed that the c DNA sequence of Ih MYB4 consisted of 1044 bp encoding347 amino acid,and contained two Myb-DNA-binding domains,indicating that it was belonged to the R2R3-MYB family. Phylogenetic analysis,based on protein sequence,showed that the Ih MYB4 protein was likely to be involved in the regulation of anthocyanins biosynthesis. The Ih MYB4 was expressed only in young red culm by RT-PCR,suggesting that the Ih MYB4 participated in the regulation of anthocyanins biosynthesis of I. hispida cv. 'Rainbow'.


The derivatives of 3-(4'-bromo-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-(4-X-phenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-propen-1-amine (5a-m) were synthesised through a Friedel-Crafts acylation followed by Wittig reaction. The effects of the compounds on standard strains of Mycobacterium sp. (ATCC) and M. tuberculosis isolated from clinical specimens were evaluated. Also the toxicity was determined on V79 cells line using neutral red uptake (NRU), nucleic acid content (NAC) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction to measure the cellular viability.


Predictive analytics is a group of methods that uses statistical and other empirical techniques to predict future events, based on past occurrences. Predictive analytics can generate valuable information for the management of a supply chain company to improve decisionmaking. This can be useful for demand forecasting, defect detection, maximizing equipment value, preventive maintenance, optimize marketing strategies, retain customer and connected aftermarket service in industry.


A simple, accurate and precise UV-Visible Spectrophotometric (UVVIS) method has been developed and validated for analysis of Benzalkonium chloride both as the bulk drugs and in formulations. Analysis of Benzalkonium chloride was performed at 517 nm. Regression analysis data for the calibration plots were indicative of good linear relationships between absorbance and concentration over the range of 1-5 ug/ml. The correlation coefficients, R 2 , were 0.999. The values of slope and intercept of the calibration plots were 0.062 and 0.216 respectively. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, and precision.


Dietary nitrate supplementation (in the form of beetroot juice) has been shown to have multiple cardiovascular health benefits, including both acute and chronic reductions in resting arterial blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on peripheral and central blood pressures in postmenopausal women, a population that exhibits accelerated vascular aging and cardiovascular disease progression. We hypothesized that 1) postmenopausal women would have higher resting central blood pressure compared to premenopausal women, and 2) acute dietary nitrate supplementation would reduce resting peripheral and central blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Eighteen women participated in this study (9 premenopausal women, 20–30 yrs; 9 postmenopausal women, 55–70 yrs). Supine peripheral blood pressure (Omron) and radial pulse wave derived central aortic pressure (SphygmoCor CvM, AtCor Medical) were measured after 10 minutes of quiet supine rest. A subset of the postmenopausal women also participated in a randomized double‐blind crossover study during which they consumed beetroot juice (BRJ; 140 mL Beet‐It Sport, James White Juice Company) or placebo (PLC; 140 mL nitrate‐depleted Beet‐It Sport, James White Juice Company) approximately 1 week apart. Supine peripheral and central blood pressures were measured prior to and 90 minutes following juice consumption.


In this paper, a generalized fuzzy compatibility relation between two universes is defined. By a generalized fuzzy compatibility relation between two universes, a covering and a tolerance relation are induced to a single universe. Based on the above covering and tolerance relation, the new extended patterns of three types of fuzzy rough set models on two universes are proposed. An important common characteristic of these new extended patterns is that the new approximation operators can be obtained by the composition of the approximation operators and the inverse approximation operators. We mainly construct the new extended models of fuzzy rough sets, -fuzzy rough sets and -fuzzy rough sets on two universes and investigate their properties.


As the vehicle electronic control technology quickly grows and becomes more sophisticated, a more efficient means than the traditional in-vehicle driving test is required for the design, testing, and tuning of electronic control units (ECU). For this purpose, the hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) scheme is very promising, since significant portions of actual driving test procedures can be replaced by HIL simulation. The HILS incorporates hardware components in the numerical simulation environment, and this yields results with better credibility than pure numerical simulations can offer. In this study, a HILS system has been developed for ESP (Electronic Stability Program) ECUs. The system consists of the hardware component, which that includes the hydraulic brake mechanism and an ESP ECU, the software component, which virtually implements vehicle dynamics with visualization, and the interface component, which links these two parts together. The validity of HIL simulation is largely contingent upon the accuracy of the vehicle model. To account for this, the HILS system in this research used the commercial software CarSim to generate a detailed full vehicle model, and its parameters were set by using design data, SPMD (Suspension Parameter Measurement Device) data, and data from actual vehicle tests. Using the developed HILS system, performance of a commercial ESP ECU was evaluated for a virtual vehicle under various driving conditions. This HILS system, with its reliability, will be used in various applications that include durability testing, benchmarking and comparison of commercial ECUs, and detection of fault and malfunction of ESP ECUs.


SUMMARY A "fuel cell" oxygen analyzer was tested for accuracy under conditions of varying temperature and gas mixtures; it was also evaluated in clinical use. Under conditions likely to be encountered, it was accurate to ±3 per cent of the reading. Its response time is about 50 sec and it can be used for continuous monitoring of oxygen concentrations in tents, incubators, and ventilator or anaesthetic circuits.


AUTHOR Foerster, Frank; Spearly, James L. TITLE Legal Aspects of Child Abuse and Neglect Cases in Texas: A Cdmpendium of Cases and Statutory Provisions. INSTITUTION Texas Univ., Austin. Region VI Resource Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. SPONS AGENCY Administration for Children, Youth, and Families (DHHS), Washington, D.C.; Portland StateNniv., Oreg. Regional Research Inst. for Human Services.; Texas State Dept: of Human Resources, Austin. PUB DATE [81) NOTE 141p. AVAILABLE FROM Region VI Resource Center for Children, Youth, and Families, 2609 University Avenue, Suite 4.108, Austin, TX 78712 (Paper, $5.00). PUB TYPE Guides Non-Classroom Use (055)


The UWB antenna arrays of different configurations are built on the base of UWB monopole-slot radiator of Clavin type of improved construction. Strong interaction between ultrawideband slot and two ultrawideband short-circuited monopoles permits to radiate at lower frequencies. Improved form of slot, cones, and its positions make possible to provide the better agreement of the radiator with source in a wide frequency range. Time dependences at different angles for different antenna arrays are presented.


Commodification of Traditional Knowledge (TK) has been posited as a possible, although contested, alternative for the conservation of indigenous resources. Here we examine the case of the Chinese Naxi minority, with particular reference to the practice of sacred "Dongba" papermaking. The commodification of TK is a complex process with many pitfalls and trade-offs between the environment, economy, and social empowerment. In the process of commodification, consumers have arisen as an important force in environmental politics. To date, little is known about the way domestic tourists, the main consumer base of indigenous products, perceive Dongba paper. In this context, we examined their knowledge of Naxi culture, their willingness to pay for sustainably produced paper, and their perceptions of the product's authenticity. This socio-economic study is based on a survey (n = 415) in rural Southwest China. We found a significant potential to market Dongba paper as a sustainable indigenous product. Although knowledge about Naxi culture was circumscribed (3% could identify the plant used for papermaking), the majority of respondents (55%) was willing to pay for TK protection. Respondents also preferred third-party labelling. We posit that TK products could be seen as credence goods, necessitating certification to ensure product authenticity and establish consumer trust. Markedly, the survey also found that attitudes as to who should provide third-party assurance are contradictory. The Chinese government was preferred as the strongest assurance of genuineness, but paradoxically, commanded the least trust in its ability to manage and fund the conservation of TK.


A foreign object is something that is in the body but doesn't belong there. The present study makes an attempt to find the incidence of foreign bodies among the study subjects in ENT department in a tertiary private hospital. The study design is a cross-sectional study and a sample size of 220 cases was collected from 1st March 2017 to 28th February 2018 based on simple random sampling. Results: Out of total of 220 cases, 102 were females and 118 were male.
Keywords: Foreign body, FIMS, Kadapa, nose, ear


Sexual size dimorphism in five morphological characters in the great tit was analyzed in three local populations inhabiting coniferous plantations. In one plantation the great tit coexisted with three competing congeners and in the other two plantations with one congener. Concerning characters related to food-gathering there was greater sexual size dimorphism in plantations where the great tit coexisted with only one congener, while this was not true for wing length dimorphism. It is argued that sexual size dimorphism in trophic characters is caused by natural selection for ecological displacement between the sexes to reduce competition between them, and that high intensity of interspecific competition greatly restricts the opportunity for evolution of sexual size dimorphism.


Plocamus, one of the guests at Trimalchio's dinner-party, when encouraged by his host to give proof of his histrionic and musical talents, is only too keen to oblige: oppositaque ad os manu nescio quid taetrum exsibilavit quod postea Graecum esse affirmabat ("and he put his hand to his mouth and whistled out some terrible stuff I couldn't identify. Afterwards he told us it was a Greek air"; transl. Lindsay 1960). If we were to pose ourselves the question whether antiquity knew the phenomenon of people whistling tunes, this episode from Petronius' Satyricon (64.5) seems to provide us with an affirmative answer. Unfortunately, however, though most translators take exsibilavit here to mean "whistled", it is also possible that the verb is used by Petronius in a metaphorical sense, as it is by others (Seneca De Ira 3.4), to describe a squeaky voice. And this possibility dashes our hope of ever finding an answer to the question whether Greeks and Romans did whistle tunes, because this episode in Petronius is the only one that seemed to hold a promise of providing us with a positive answer. It must be added, though, that such an answer would here in any case not be satisfying. Plocamus would have been doing what Hesychius calls αὐλωλάζeιν: τό συρίττeιν διὰ τῶν δακτύλων ("whistling through the fingers") i.e. imitating the sound of a flute (αὐλός) while using one's fingers as a substitute for an instrument. This is a different way of whistling from that which one practices purely with the lips, which is the kind of whistling in which we are interested here.


In this paper I show that Swedish has a type of relative clause that doesn't modifynominal expressions, contrary tomost descriptions/definitions of relative clauses.Instead this type of relative cl ...


Self‐powered, dual‐band photodetection of electromagnetic signals promises wide photoelectric applications in imaging, communication, environmental monitoring, and rescue. However, most reported dual‐band photodetectors (PDs) based on various heterojunctions are realized by complex fabrication processes, which may introduce defects in the depletion layer. Here, first, a self‐powered dual‐band PD based on lead‐free perovskite bulk heterojunction (Cs3Bi2Br9/Cs3BiBr6) fabricated by a one‐step spatial confinement method is demonstrated. Its two peaks of self‐powered responsivities are 59.4 mA W−1 at 360 nm and 3.09 mA W−1 at 450 nm. A high on/off ratio (18881), fast response speed (rise time 200 ns; decay time 1.09 µs), high detectivity (1.2 × 1012 Jones), and cycle stability are realized under UV band, which exceeds most reported state‐of‐the‐art lead‐free halide perovskite PDs. The dual‐band PD is suitable for encrypted communication and image sensing. This research represents a new frontier in the search for novel dual‐band high‐performance PDs based on lead‐free perovskite bulk heterojunction fabricated by low‐cost and simple fabrication methods.


Regular monitoring of global burnt surface areas has been identified as an essential climate variable by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS, 2003) because vegetation fires are important drivers of climate, indicators of possible climate change and have a role to play in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. The GCOS's requirements include the need to identify areas around the globe affected by fire, monitoring the occurrence/seasonality of fire activity and inter-annual variability as well as estimating the spatial distribution of burnt surfaces. Accurate descriptions of changes in fire seasonality, frequency, intensity, severity, size, rotation period and changes in fire return interval are also needed for ecological studies (Payette, 1992) because these factors have a strong influence on plant species composition. Daily global observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) on the series of meteorological satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) between 1982 and 1999 were used to generate a new weekly global burnt surface (GBS) product at a resolution of 8km. Comparison with independently available information on fire locations and timing suggest that whilst the time-series cannot yet be used to make accuracy and quantitative estimates of global burnt area, it does provide a reliable estimate of changes in location and season of burning on the global scale. GBS 1982-1993 time-series was developed and used to characterize fire activity in both northern and southern hemispheres on the basis of average seasonal cycle and inter-annual variability (Carmona-Moreno et al., 2003). An extension of this time series (GBS 1982-1999) was combined to provide gridded maps documenting the probability of fire occurring in any given season for any location. The interannual variations in the extension and probability of the fire in different regions of the world are closed linked with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at regional but also at global scales (CamonaMoreno et al., 2005.a-b) and, therefore, with regional climate conditions which has direct implications on the state of the biomass including fuel amount and fuel moisture content (Lyon, 2004; and, Camberlin et al., 2001). This paper deals with the global fire seasonality and fire distribution during the period 1982-1999. Some regions of the globe appear very stables during this period as this is the case at high and medium latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (June-July-August), Far East of China-Russia (March-April-June), Central Africa (June-July-August), and African savannas (December-January-February and September-October-November). In other regions, even if there is always a maximum of occurrence probability in a given trimester, this is more seasonal distributed. These can be considered as fire prone areas-ecosystems driven by and/or more sensitive to climate variability: Southern Europe, Southern and East Africa, Australia, East Asia, Central and Northern Latin America... These data should find use for initiating and/or validating the output from dynamic vegetation models, trace gas emission models and general circulation models.


We show the structure of the parameter space for a family of rational maps containing Blaschke products. Through numerical simulations using the orbit of a single critical point, we reveal the existence of infinitely many Mandelbrot-like sets along the unit circle, as well as eight-like structures in other regions of parameter space. We pose some open questions related to the parameter space of these functions.


Sexual moleslation is most certainly the phenomenon that evokes most repulsion in society at large, and in the helping professions. Since this phenomenon has been exposed by various sources, it is clear at present that professional institutions or people are still not successfully geared to render a non-fragmented service to the culprit, the victim and their various families. It would appear that, when services are rendered, the various professions involved in the case are not clear with regard to their various roles. Not only does a lack of knowledge exist regarding the phenomenon dealt with, hut also regarding the legal process that is mostly involved in these cases. Almost no identified resource exists in the community which one can approach for help without the emphasis on prosecution. This may enhance the possibility that cases still be kept secret. The question may be asked whether prosecution should be the way to handle sexual molestation, a process during which the involved child cannot he fully protected. Should other forms o f help-rendering not be considered?


Species powertrain, comprising opening a first switching device may transition between a state and a closed state, the open state of the energy storage device and the motor - generator and auxiliary system in a disconnected closed state and the first energy storage generators and auxiliary connections of the system - the motor means. The second switching device may transition between an open and closed states, the open state of the second energy storage device and the motor - generator and a disconnect auxiliary systems, and the closed state of the second energy storage device and the motor - generators and auxiliary connections of the system. Third switching device may transition between an open state and a closed state, an open state and the system auxiliary motor - generator and the first and second energy storage means in a disconnected closed state of the auxiliary system is connected to the motor - and the generator means and the second energy storage th.


An energy conservation mechanism is suitable for being used in cooperation with an electromagnetic mechanism. The energy conservation mechanism comprises a lock catch unit, an energy conservation unit and a releasing unit. A movable iron core of the electromagnetic mechanism moves to the pull-in position of the movable iron core the moment a coil is powered on. A lock catch structure is formed between the lock catch unit and the movable iron core so that the movable iron core can be kept unmoved at the pull-in position. Meanwhile, the energy conservation unit controls the coil to be powered off the moment the movable iron core moves away from an initial position, so that zero power consumption is realized when the electromagnetic mechanism works, and a large amount of electricity is saved. The releasing unit can receive a releasing instruction and triggers the lock catch unit to unlock the lock catch structure, so that the movable iron core is made to return to the initial position quickly; besides, the releasing unit can return to the returning position after the releasing process to be used next time.


The estimation of grain yield of maize hybrids in field is necessary part of evaluating achievements of maize breeding and cultivation. The method of evaluating kernel yield/plant was studied by using ear axis section. The results indicated that: (1) the load of ear axis section is about 2.02g/ cm2, and it is a quite stable parameter; (2) grain yield/plant is about 2.02 times of area of ear axis section; (3) the estimated mean grain yield/plant is very close to actual mean grain yield/plant; (4) the product of estimated mean grain yield/plant and planting density can accurate estimate unit area yield, and it is a simple and accurate method for yield estimation.


In this study, we examined succession of rhizosphere bacteria throughout Avena sp. developmental stages using metagenomic approaches, isolation and metabolomics. To determine the changes in bacterial abundance during root growth, metagenome and 16S rRNA gene reads from rhizosphere and bulk soils during Avena developmental stages were mapped to the genomes of thirty-nine bacterial isolates that are phylogenetically representative of Hopland soils and numerically abundant, and to fifty-five moderately complete metagenome-derived genome bins. We classified these bacteria into three different groups based on response in abundance to root growth (positive, negative and no response). We used comparative analyses of these genomes to identify bacterial traits that may contribute to higher abundance in rhizosphere.


Data on kaon and Φ production in nuclear collisions as a function of centrality are analysed both in the AGS and SPS energy range. We compare the results of several experiments, looking for a common trend in `participant scaling' of production yields. We find a smooth description of scaled kaon and Φ yields as a function of participant density. We also show a participant density dependence of kaons and Φ produced in the forward hemisphere for proton-nucleus collisions.


Th is study aim s to determine whether the incentives and non-physical work environment affected the motivation of employees and analyze its impact on the performance of employees in BRI Branch Office Pattimura. This research population refers to the employees of BRI Branch Office Pattimura. Samples taken by are 110 respondents using Non-Probability Sampling technique where not all members of the population in the same position ha ve the opportunity to be selected into the sample. The results of this study indicate that non-physical work environment has a significant possitive influence on the motivation, incentives has a negative influence on the motivation and performance of employees, non-physical work environment and motivation have no significant positive effect on employee performance. The highest influential variable on work motivation and employee performance was non-physical work environment. This equation model has Chi-square value of 39.855 with the probability value above than the recommendation 0.05, and the value was 0,068.


As one of the main contents and fundamental targets in building new socialist countryside,constructing village's ethos civilization is the soul,and the key,because it provides the powerful mental strength and environmental support in building new socialist countryside,and it is also the practical symbol to determine whether it succeeds or fails in building new socialist countryside,which will finally be reflected by village's ethos civilization.Civilization is a dynamic and opening organic system.Based on ecology,this paper focuses on the construction of organic ecosystem in new socialist countryside and tries to deviate from the relatively isolated and scattered present states and integrates valuable ecosystem position,practical ecosystem position,and institutional ecosystem position in the process of constructing village's ethos civilization so as to find out a reasonable way to construct village's ethos civilization integrated with value,practice and institution.


This article discusses potential Zoroastrian prefigurations concerning the Qurʾānic imagination of tormenting and distasteful food in hell. Although research on paradise and hell in the Qurʾān and the Islamic tradition has recently undergone a significant revival, recognizing potential allusions to Jewish, Christian, and—to a lesser extent—ancient Arabic traditions, Zoroastrian texts continue to be largely neglected. While scholars have argued that the banquet scenes in hell have no antecedents in Jewish or Christian literature and should therefore be understood as echoing or rather inverting and perverting ancient Arabic evocations of generous hospitality, some remarkable parallels in the Zoroastrian tradition will be brought to attention here. It is thus intended to argue for the plausibility of a reflection of Zoroastrian ideas in the Qurʾānic milieu, particulary in relation to eschatological ideas.


The study was conducted to investigate the consumption behavior and attitudes towards cosmetics among teenage boys in wayanad district of Kerala state. The research first sought to explore how different variables influence male consumers' cosmetics purchasing decisions. The secondary research aim was to analyze how metro sexuality was applied in wayanad. Last to seek for identifying what are the key determinants in wayanad young mens' cosmetics purchasing behaviors. Theoretical framework sought to provide the most relevant theoretical background. In this section, a brief overview of cosmetics markets, the key concepts of the self, the relationship between cosmetics and self-concept, and core theories on consumption behavior have been discussed. This part was mainly based on the review of previous supportive studies. The empirical research was conducted using a quantitative method. The sample was limited to 15-20 aged boys who live in wayanad district of Kerala. Primary data was obtained by the usage of questionnaires, an instrument for collecting information about wayanad men's consumption behaviors and attitudes towards cosmetics. The result indicated that men's cosmetics purchasing behaviors are strongly influenced by cultural and personal factors. The main determinants in purchasing behaviors are hygiene functions, features and fragrance of the product, and price-quality relationship. Although the relatively higher average reflected their positive attitudes towards the purchase of cosmetics, they still maintain traditional consumption behaviors. It is crucial for marketers to develop their awareness through employing appropriate marketing communicating tools.


Determination of serum level of phenobarbital 47 times on out‐patients and 18 on in‐patients and phenytoin 78 times on out‐patients and 33 on in‐patients, all children, are reported. The expected correlation between dosage of the drug per kg. body weight and the serum level is found. The usefulness of the determination in cases where regular medication is doubted, where a favourable reaction is not obtained, and where side‐effects occur, is discussed.


Under the situation that the central authorities of state decide to change the leading system of discipline inspection committee—from" double vertical leading mechanism"to"unified management". A new problem occurs that needs urgent consideration and solution as to how to strengthen the supervision and management of the supervisors, preventing the supervisors from ignoring inspection and abusing their authorities as well.Only by catching thinking education and system restraint and building the perfect and standard system of management and supervision, can we really develop the efficacy and functions of the supervising department.


A mathematical model for wall-flow monolith ceramic diesel particulate filter was developed in order to describe the processes which take place in the filter during regeneration. The major out-put of the model comprises ceramic wall temperature and regeneration time(soot reduction). Various numerical tests were performed to demonstrate how the gas oxygen concentration, flow rate and the initial particulate trap loading affect the regeneration time and peak trap temperature. The model is shown to b in reasonable agreement with the published experimental results. This model can be applied to predict the thermal shock failure due to high temperature during combustion regeneration process.


Inverter-based droop-controlled microgrids systems are becoming attractive solutions to meet future energy demand in a sustainable way. The development of accurate models is crucial for control loops design and performance assessment of the system. However, extracting essential information about the overall microgrid behavior from complete models can be a hard task, as well as can involve a high computational burden depending on the microgrid size. Therefore, the development of a reduced-order model that properly represents the dynamic performance of the microgrid in a computationally efficient way is mandatory. In this paper, an enhanced reduced-order model able to represent the influence of network dynamics on the performance of the droop-controlled microgrid is presented. By means of simulation results the fidelity improvement of the proposed microgrid model is confirmed.


The invention provides a method for preparing a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule with a protruding end. A primer with a special marker is used; through different combinations of the primer with the special marker and a primer without a marker, DNA segments with different length are obtained by amplification on template DNA; and after the two kinds of the DNA molecules are subjected to denaturation and annealing, a DNA chain without the marker forms the DNA molecule with the protruding end, and a non-targeted DNA molecule with the marker can be removed by a medium combined with the marker. By the method, a cohesive end which cannot be generated by a common restriction enzyme method can be generated; the cohesive end can be a 5' protruded end or a 3' protruded end, the protruded length can be any value, and the special requirement on the sequences and length of the template DNA and the sequences of the protruded segment is avoided. The method is easy and convenient to operate and is suitable for small-scale and large-scale production.


Tactile sensors are useful input devices to implement human machine interfaces in areas such as rehabilitation or assistance. They can prevent damage from accidents or bad usage, and also provide rich information to infer human behavior from the pressure distribution at the contact interface. This paper introduces an instrumented cane handle equipped with a tactile sensor. The electronics devoted to data acquisition, pre-processing and communication is described. Furthermore, results from tests with different users are shown to illustrate how the information provided by the tactile sensor is related to the gait and can be exploited for research or as control input in an active cane. Keywords–tactile sensors; rehabilitation; gait assistance.


Preliminary results of a developing research programme on Upper Jurassic ecostratigraphy in the Lusitanian Basin are presented. Three sections near the southwestern end of the Torres Vedras-Montejunto anticline have been investigated to identify trends in the composition of mega-invertebrate assemblages and their relations with lithofacies. Without major changes in depositional conditions during the analyzed Middle-Upper Oxfordian within the Cabacos and the Montejunto Fms., the recognizable trends in the composition of faunal assemblages can be related with fluctuations in shelf ecospaces in relation with fluctuations in relative sea level. Differential palaeogeography provides the frame work for comparisons with the record in the East Algarve Basin.


It provided an optical disc, an optical disc recording method for an optical disc reproducing apparatus, as well. As a constant groove width and a groove formed at intervals of a certain guide groove toward the outer peripheral side from the inner circumferential side, and the disc is formed in the wobble detecting a predetermined edge of the guide groove by frequency, wherein: the constant linear rotational speed so when forming said pivot, with respect to a predetermined recording position of the guide groove of the plurality of constant frequencies obtained.


These days, educationists and students are growing enthusiasm for digital learning which is based on pedagogical games. A review of the body of research confirms that these online instructional games are efficient at getting the learners involved in the learning process. The present research investigates using an online educational game-based platform called Kahoot to enhance learning English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and sustains the hypothesis that it enriches the traditional, teacher-centered classrooms by having EFL learners more engaged, motivated, and involved. Applying a mixed-method study, around 100 EFL undergraduates were surveyed and evaluated based on a semester-long involvement in Kahoot games in an EAP course. The subjects were interviewed for their perceptions of using Kahoot and also evaluated statistically by their performance on the achievement test of the course. The findings of the project confirm an enhancement of the EFL learners' language skill performance. Furthermore, Kahoot helped EFL learners experience a high degree of engagement in comparison with traditional teaching methods. Besides, new horizons toward the future of application of Kahoot in EFL learning are discussed. Consequently, both parts of the study i.e., qualitative and quantitative, approved that playing Kahoots, as a platform for game-based learning, was highly engaging, educationally helpful, and motivating.


Gas pulses having a typical duration of 500–600 μs are produced by a nozzle which uses a fuel injector valve as its primary component.


Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus strain. The virus is believed to spread mainly by respiratory droplets where the infected people breathe, cough or sneeze and expel little droplets of moisture that contain the virus.Older people and people with pre-existing medical conditions are mostly affected. Method: Relevant literatures were reviewed from the internet, electronic and print media, World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control documentation. Results: The coronavirus has brought difficult situations for citizens across the world. Refugees and irregular migrants who find themselves in difficult situations are more vulnerable to the effect of the virus and the social difficulties associated with it. Conclusion: The spread of the virus can be slowed or suppressed through social distancing, natural immunity, and observance of optimal hygiene practice and near compulsory use of face masks, particularly while dealing with the public. Review Article Ugbomah et al.; AJMAH, 18(3): 34-39, 2020; Article no.AJMAH.57109 35


Background Stroke is a leading cause of death and long‐term disability in the United States. There is a well‐documented association between ambient particulate matter air pollution (PM) and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Given the pathophysiologic mechanisms of these effects, short‐term elevations in PM may also increase the risk of ischemic and/or hemorrhagic stroke morbidity and mortality, but the evidence has not been systematically reviewed. Methods and Results We provide a comprehensive review of all observational human studies (January 1966 to January 2014) on the association between short‐term changes in ambient PM levels and cerebrovascular events. We also performed meta‐analyses to evaluate the evidence for an association between each PM size fraction (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5‐10) and each outcome (total cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, hemorrhagic stroke) separately for mortality and hospital admission. We used a random‐effects model to estimate the summary percent change in relative risk of the outcome per 10‐μg/m3 increase in PM. Conclusions We found that PM2.5 and PM10 are associated with a 1.4% (95% CI 0.9% to 1.9%) and 0.5% (95% CI 0.3% to 0.7%) higher total cerebrovascular disease mortality, respectively, with evidence of inconsistent, nonsignificant associations for hospital admission for total cerebrovascular disease or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Current limited evidence does not suggest an association between PM2.5‐10 and cerebrovascular mortality or morbidity. We discuss the potential sources of variability in results across studies, highlight some observations, and identify gaps in literature and make recommendations for future studies.


We address the formal verification of the control software of critical systems, i.e., ensuring the absence of design errors in a system with respect to requirements. Control systems are usually based on industrial controllers, also known as Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). A specific feature of a PLC is a scan cycle: 1) the inputs are read, 2) the PLC states change, and 3) the outputs are written. Therefore, in order to formally verify PLC, e.g., by model checking, it is necessary to describe the transition system taking into account this specificity and reason both in terms of state transitions within a cycle and in terms of larger state transitions according to the scan-cyclic semantics. We propose a formal PLC model as a hyperprocess transition system and temporal cycle-LTL logic based on LTL logic for formulating PLC property. A feature of the cycle-LTL logic is the possibility of viewing the scan cycle in two ways: as the effect of the environment (in particular, the control object) on the control system and as the effect of the control system on the environment. For both cases we introduce modified LTL temporal operators. We also define special modified LTL temporal operators to specify inside properties of scan cycles. We describe the translation of formulas of cycle-LTL into formulas of LTL, and prove its correctness. This implies the possibility ofmodel checking requirements expressed in logic cycle-LTL, by using well-known model checking tools with LTL as specification logic, e.g., Spin. We give the illustrative examples of requirements expressed in the cycle-LTL logic.


The present invention discloses a nutritious health-care type drink containing compound amino acid. It is mainly characterized by that 100 ml of said drink contains 0.1-1g of compound amino acid, and the rest is carbonated beverage, fruit juice beverage or vegetable juice beverage material. Said invented drink is tasty, free from abnormal taste, and can supplement the nutrient components necessary for human body and invigorate health effectively, so that it is an ideal nutritious health-care type drink.


Fluorescence techniques, including time-resolved (fluorescence) anisotropy (TRAMS), have been used to study the effects of hydrophobic modification upon the thermoresponsive behavior of NIPAM-based polymers. Incorporation of styrene, through statistical free radical copolymerization, changes the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the macromolecule and lowers the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the system. Unfortunately, although simple copolymerization with styrene can be used to manipulate the system's LCST characteristics, the polymer loses its ability to release solubilized hydrophobic guests below the critical point. This results from the formation of intramolecular aggregates between the styryl residues of the polymer chain, which can accommodate guest solutes. This is a serious limitation to this form of chemical modification if the aim is to produce smart materials for controlled solubilization and release at specific temperatures.


Reactive with an activated carbon adsorbent to adsorb chemical impurities - an absorptive protective material, further chemical reactivity to the activated carbon by the nanoparticle material is loaded onto the inside or the surface of the activated carbon adsorbent and grant biocidal, giving protection against chemical and biological agents in the environment. Advantageously, any of the adsorption / reaction capability of the nanoparticle material that is the base material of carbon or loading used and without impairing its efficiency, the ability to kill microorganisms by adding chemicals neutralization Decomposes ability super reactive with a - absorptive material is provided.


In this paper, the theory background of wavelet transform and practical algorithm are detailed described, where the soft threshold algorithm is used to get the threshold value that is used to deal with the wavelet coefficients. Finally, in the application aspect,the vibrating signal of locomotive is decomposed by the method of wavelet transform with db4 wavelet and the noise components are removed from the signal according to the algorithm introduced in this paper. It is clear that the wavelet method get a satisfactory result.


The design, fabrication, and performance of an advanced distributed optoelectronic computing array architecture is presented. The system is used to compute a series of morphological image processing operations constituting a skeleton algorithm. The entire computation is performed in pure combinatorial logic and is effected in a single pass through the system.


The practical applications of information extraction are currently limited by the need to hand-construct search patterns and lexicons and / or to have available large labelled training sets. To address this issue, we present a semantic bootstrapping technique based on Brin's DIPRE algorithm. The basic algorithm is extended by using clustering to group similar occurrences when extracting new patterns.


The problem of the unreliability of a single scale, test, or inventory has an extensive literature, while discussion regarding the reliability of a profile or battery of measurements cannot be found. A profile exists when an individual has been scored or rated on two or more measures. Unreliable profiles impose the difficulty that ordinal and interval relations among the individual's scores become uncertain or unstable. A profile reliability coefficient r,,(K) is derived to estimate the relative expected extent of this ordinal and interval "inversion" for any profile of K measures.


We present a simple theory of the far-infrared collision-induced absorption spectrum of dilute solutions of methane in liquid argon. We assume that CIA arises through octopolar and hexadecapolar induction of a dipole on the solvent argon atoms by the solute methane molecules. By neglecting the small anisotropy in the CH4-Ar intermolecular potential, we can express the spectral profile as convolutions of CH4 free rotation spectra with intermolecular CH4-Ar translational components. Information theory is used to estimate the ' least biased ' form for the latter, based on our knowledge of their zeroth and second spectral moments. In this way we avoid the need to make questionable assumptions about the system dynamics. Our theory contains no adjustable parameters, yet yields results in excellent agreement with experiment.