It is very important to selectively reduce manganese oxide over iron oxide for extraction of Mn from iron-rich manganese ore. In this study, reductive roasting of an iron-rich manganese oxide ore with elemental sulfur as reductant was investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that manganese dioxide can be selectively reduced with elemental sulfur and extracted via acid leaching, which was largely depended on the sulfur addition. Lower sulfur addition (S/Mn molar ratio<1.0) results in higher selectivity, which is independent of roasting temperature. More than 95% manganese and less than 10% iron were extracted through acid leaching under the roasting conditions of 400-600 oC with S/Mn molar ratio of 0.6. The contents of manganese sulfide and sulfate in the roasted product increased with increasing sulfur addition, while they decreased distinctly at temperatures above 550 oC. The thermodynamic analysis also proved that manganese dioxide is more easily reduced than iron oxide by sulfur at 300-900 K. The phase transformations during reductive roasting revealed that sulfides (MnS and FeS2) were favored at temperatures lower than 550 oC whereas the oxides (MnFe2O4 and Fe3O4) were predominant at higher temperatures. The reduction of iron oxide mainly occurred at large sulfur additions (S/Mn>2.0) and the roasting temperature exerted a significant impact on the phase composition of roasted product.


In order to meet the requirements of the new curriculum reform for teachers,and to improve the teaching quality of public education,colleges and universities should analyze the teaching problems and predicament,combine the practice of classroom teaching,clearly set up the teaching goal,integrate teaching content,optimize the mode of classroom teaching,and improve teaching evaluation mechanism to explore the effective ways of teaching reform in public education teaching and to improve the teaching quality.


First and foremost, seeking knowledge is a surefire way to feel less ignorant ? so kudos to you for asking for more information. Your concerns are understandable, especially when you're unsure about risks to your children. The good news is that casual contact (which includes activities such as swimming in the same pool or using the same bathroom [2]) is not a recognized method of transmitting HIV. Therefore, it appears you've got the green light for welcoming your friend to stay at your home.


Road Traffic Safety Law of The People's Republic of China and Administrative License Law of The People's Republic of China,both established in agricultural sector of the legal status and management responsibilities,but also to define and regulate the machinery of law enforcement supervision. How to do the work of agricultural machinery supervision well,is the department agricultural machinery supervision at all levels facing,through the innovative of work mode,the new way is explored for agricultural machinery supervision of Anji


This paper reports the results from work done to optimize a novel manual tree falling method that uses uncut strips of wood on the backcut side of the tree to restrain the tree while the faller is at the base, and then uses a remotely operated hydraulic flange spreader to initiate falling. This paper found the optimal target length of the uncut strips was 7.5 cm, one uncut strip was just as effective as two, and that one uncut strip was much simpler for the faller to cut.


INTRODUCTION: Preterm neonates exposed to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and corticosteroids such as betamethasone (BMTZ) in utero have a lower incidence of neurodevelopmental disability, specifically cerebral palsy. The efficacy of MgSO4/BMTZ remains poor, particularly in male offspring. The mechanisms by which MgSO4/BMTZ confer "neuroprotection" in only some patients and in relation to fetal sex, remain unknown. Our objective was to examine sex-specific responses to MgSO4/BMTZ in a murine model of fetal neuroinflammatory injury. METHODS: Utilizing an established murine model of preterm birth, dams were injected intrauterine with either phosphate-buffered saline or bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) on embryonic day 15.5 to induce fetal inflammation. Thereafter, dams received MgSO4/BMTZ or the vehicle. Fetal brains and placentas were collected 6 hours postinjection for gene expression analysis of key inflammatory cytokines: Il1b, Il6, and Tnf. RESULTS: Irrespective of sex, LPS exposure up-regulated all three cytokines. With MgSO4/BMTZ, Il1b expression was significantly lower in female, but not male brains. In contrast, MgSO4/BMTZ lowered Il6 expression in placentas from males, but not females. No sex differences were observed with Tnf expression. CONCLUSION: Within the context of LPS-mediated in utero inflammation, fetal sex influenced the efficacy of MgSO4/BMTZ. The anti-inflammatory effect of MgSO4/BMTZ also appeared tissue specific, with protection shown in female brains and male placentas. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of MgSO4/BMTZ are more robust in females, whereas placental inflammation is more affected in males. Further investigation is warranted to determine whether these sex-specific patterns govern fetal outcomes.


The present investigations on corneal hydration (turgescence and/or deturgescence) were carried out with two objectives in mind: first, to obtain data on the physical-chemical properties of the cornea and, secondly, to clarify further1the roles of the various structural components in maintaining corneal function. To accomplish these aims, it seemed best to determine the amount of turgescence of corneal pieces in different solutions and then to consider swelling of the whole cornea under a number of conditions. In the interests of simplicity the present paper will be confined to reporting the findings acquired from studying hydration of corneal pieces, while the results obtained from the use of whole corneas will be published in a following paper. It has long been known that gross corneal sections possess an enormous swelling capacity. Chevreuil2showed that 100 Gm. of cornea would take up 461 cc. of water and 370 cc. of


A method for simultaneous determination of 10 first generation histamine H1 receptor blockers in feeds by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with solid phase extraction. Instrument conditions, extraction solvents and purification methods have been optimized.Under the optimum conditions, the these analytes were separated effectively at 6 min. These feeds have been extracted by acid acetonitrile and purified by mixed cation exchange solid phase extraction. The performance of this method meets the requirements of veterinary residue detection in feeds in China. It is appropriate for the confirmatory monitoring and quantitative analysis for 105 feed samples,five kinds of histamine H1 receptor blockers have been detected in 10 samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This letter applies tests for asymmetric 'deepness' and 'steepness' to the monthly industrial production indices of 16 OECD economics and the OECD aggregate. We report evidence of statistically significant deepness for Germany, and both deepness and steepness for Japan, Sweden and, more marginally, the US. For Sweden, these asymmetries are consistent with sharp falls in production during recession, and gradual increases to high levels during recovery. For Japan and the US, these asymmetries are consistent with sharp falls in industrial production to low levels during recession and more gradual and moderate increases in production during recovery.


The literature of every population express their attitude towards individual and social personalities and categories. Fiction is one of the most central branches of literature in Iran, the study of which plays an important role in recognizing cultural elements and perspectives. Fictional characters are presented in a literary text through the attribution of individual, social and cultural characteristics among many other features. In the meantime, dissimilar views on the personality of women can be percieved in the narrative and poetic chronicles of ancient Iranian literature. Examining the role of women in most popular epic stories, role-playing and reflecting their different appearances in the stories are among the topics that has always been debated by experts and researchers. One of the literary sources that has considered this issue is Baysanghari Shahnameh. This Shahnameh is the ancient version of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh belonging to the Timurid period, the ninth century AH, completed following the principals and innovations of the Herat (Khorasan) School of Painting. This research whilst following a descriptive-analytical method and collecting information via library method seeks to address various aspects of women's personality and traits, including love, fascination, beauty, charm, monarchy, patriarchy, marriage, conceit, chastity, infidelity and unfaithfulness. Examining the two paintings of "Zal and Rudabeh" and "The Meeting of Ardashir and Golnar" in the Shahnameh of Baysanghar are the main research material of this paper. The results of this study indicate that the presence of women in the Shahnameh of Baysanghari have given a distinct fairness to this famous poetic artwork; moreover, Ferdowsi has described women in his Shahnameh with more unique features than women of his time.


4. The Pea and the Sun: A Mathematical Paradox by Leonard Wapner. The BanachTarski Paradox says that you can take a sphere (e.g., a pea) and break it into a finite number of pieces, reassemble them, and end up with a sphere of twice the volume. If you keep doing this you will end up with a large sphere (e.g., the size of the sun). You might not like it (I don't) but you should learn more about it so that you can say why you don't like it. This book is an excellent place to find out more about it. Review by Bill Gasarch.


Aim:To study the detrimental effects of cyclophosphamide on the testicular androgenic and gametogenic activities through endocrine inhibiton and/or induction of oxidative stress in male albino rats and to evaluate the protective effect of ascorbic acid.Methods:The testicular△^5,3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(HSD),17β-HSD,peroxidase and catalase activities along with the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA)and conjugated dienes in testicular tissue were measured for the evaluation of testicular oxidative stress.The plasma testosterone(T)level was measured by immunoassay7.Various germ cells at stage VⅡof spermatogenic cycle were quantified from testicular stained sections.Results:Cyclophosphamide treatment results in a significant inhibition in the testicular△^5,3β-HSDand17β-HSDactivities,a decrease in plasma T level and a diminution in the coumts of various gern cells,Moreover,this treatment was also associated with a significant inhibition of the peroxidase and catalase activities along with high levels of MDA and conjugated dienes in the testis.All these changes were reversed by ascorbic acid co-administration.Conclusion:Cyclophosphamide treatment at the dosage used caused testicular gametogenic and androgenic disor-ders as well as induced testicular oxidative stress that can be reversed by ascorbic acid co-administration.


lntemational law in general — Relation to municipal law — Municipal principles of statutory interpretation — Whether applicable to statute incorporating intemational convention into municipal law — Admissibility of travaux préparatoires as interpretative aid — Confirmation of practice by Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties — Whether principles of interpretation laid down therein are binding on English courts — Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, 1929, as amended by the Hague Protocol, 1955 — Carriage by Air Act 1961 — Whether permissible to have recourse to minutes of drafting committees of Hague Protocol in interpreting word "damage" contained therei — The law of England 627Treaties — Interpretation of — Principles and rules of interpretation — Municipal law giving effect to treaty — Warsaw Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air, 1929, as amended by the Hague Protocol, 1955 — Carriage by Air Act 1961 — Article 26(2) of the Convention — Requirement that carrier be notified within seven days of "damage" to baggage — Whether time limit applicable in the event of partial loss of contents of baggage — Meaning of "damage" — Municipal principles of statutory interpretation — Purposive interpretation — Aim of uniformity in application of international agreement representing a consensus of States with diverse legal systems — Achievement of commercial purpose and harmonization of municipal laws of State parties — Bilingual text — French language version to prevail over English — Correct mode of interpreting foreign language text — Use of dictionaries, interpreters and legal experts — Admissibility of commentaries and foreign case law as interpretative aids — Whether practice of other national and international courts in relation to reliance on travaux préparatoires should be followed — Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 1969 — Conditions under which discretion to use travaux préparatoires should be exercised — The law of England


This paper demonstrates a new tool for the integrated modelling of urban energy systems. Energy is vital to the delivery of urban services and its role can be considered at many stages in the urban design process. This begins with the planning and layout of a new city, through to the socio-economic structure of the city and its activities, and the choice of energy carriers and technologies used to meet these demands. Unfortunately existing modelling technologies typically focus on only one of these components and are customised to a single problem context. We have therefore developed a "synthetic city" tool kit (SynCity) to facilitate the integrated modelling of urban energy systems across all of these design steps and in a variety of problem environments. After outlining the components of this methodology, we demonstrate how it can be applied to the case of a UK eco-town. The discussion then considers the wider applicability of the SynCity methodology and highlights potential use cases.


The mixed biosynthesis of cochlioquinones A (I) and B (II) in Cochliobolus miyabeanus occurs through the introduction of a farnesyl unit onto an aromatic precursor whose secondary methyl groups derive from methionine.


Wreckage of antiaircraft missile and target after flying test has an important value.According to the requirement of wreckage searching,a new method is proposed and applied to find the optimal path joining falling point in path net in this paper.It can improve the classical ant colony optimization algorithm(ACO)by combining adaptive dynamic routing algorithm.ACO has worse performance in convergence and is easy to fall into the local maximum.The method enhances ACO convergence and searching ability by constructing ant colony,importing pheromone restriction,adjusting pheromone initial value,adaptive updating pheromone value.Simulation results show that the method has excellence in programming realization,time delay,robustness and practicability.


Fracture of ice is an important process in ice-sheet dynamics, leading to the detachment of icebergs from glaciers and ice shelves and allowing the propagation of water-filled crevasses from the surface to the bottom of ice shelves and ice sheets (Benn and others, 2007). Historically, fracture propagation in ice has been treated using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) (Lawn, 1993; Van der Veen, 2007) or the Nye zero-stress model (Nye, 1957; Jezek, 1984; Nick and others, 2010). In our two recent papers (Duddu and Waisman, 2012, 2013) we proposed a nonlocal continuum damage mechanics (CDM) approach as an alternative to the commonly used LEFMand Nye-model-based approaches. In the first paper (Duddu and Waisman, 2012), we presented a viscoelastic constitutive damage model for polycrystalline ice aimed at capturing its time-dependent creep behavior at low stresses leading to failure. An interesting finding of our study is that a power-law-based creep damage model is sufficient to phenomenologically capture the tertiary creep behavior of ice. In a follow-up paper (Duddu and Waisman, 2013), we presented a nonlocal damage mechanics formulation of the constitutive model within a finite-element framework that alleviates the pathological mesh dependence of damage computations. In Duddu and Waisman (2013), tensile creep fracture was studied and crack propagation was simulated under uniaxial and biaxial tension. In their comment, Gagliardini and others (2013) claim that we did not accurately consider the specificities of ice rheology under compression and that, as a consequence, the damage mechanics model is inappropriate for studying crevasse propagation. However, it is important to note that crevasses are tensile cracks, so Galiardini and others' main criticism regarding the damage description under compression in Duddu and Waisman (2012) is not relevant to crevasse propagation, which is our main interest. The appropriateness of our model for investigating tensilestress-induced surface crevasse propagation in glaciers and ice sheets is demonstrated in our recent publication (Duddu and others, 2013). In the next section, we briefly respond to the two criticisms by Gagliardini and others (2013) and clarify the important aspects of the damage model under compression. We conclude with a discussion on the calibration and validation of damage models for studying crevasse propagation and iceberg calving.


Few previous studies have systematically examined the fact that the English present perfect and the German Perfekt behave differently with respect to co-occurrence with adverbials referring to a definite time position (DTP adverbials) in the past such as yesterday/gestern and ten years ago/vor 10 Jahren. This paper aims to explain this fact systematically on the basis of the revised P(osition)-Definiteness Constraint, which is originally proposed to account for the incompatibility of the English present perfect and the DTP adverbials. It is demonstrated that the reason why the German Perfekt, unlike its English morphological counterpart, can occur with the DTP adverbials is due to the interaction between the revised P-Definiteness Constraint and certain characteristics of the German Perfekt. It is also shown that the proposed account provides an explanatory basis for the following two issues: (i) why the German Perfekt can go with DTP adverbials referring to future time, whereas the English present perfect cannot, and (ii) why the German Perfekt has a wider semantic range than the English present perfect.*


High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems play an increasingly important role in long-distance power transmission. Realizing accurate and timely fault location of transmission lines is extremely important for the safe operation of power systems. With the development of modern data acquisition and deep learning technology, deep learning methods have the feasibility of engineering application in fault location. The traditional single-terminal traveling wave method is used for fault location in HVDC systems. However, many challenges exist when a high impedance fault occurs including high sampling frequency dependence and difficulty to determine wave velocity and identify wave heads. In order to resolve these problems, this work proposed a deep hybrid convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network model for single-terminal fault location of an HVDC system containing mixed cables and overhead line segments. Simultaneously, a variational mode decomposition–Teager energy operator is used in feature engineering to improve the effect of model training. 2D-CNN was employed as a classifier to identify fault segments, and LSTM as a regressor integrated the fault segment information of the classifier to achieve precise fault location. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has high accuracy of fault location, with the effects of fault types, noise, sampling frequency, and different HVDC topologies in consideration.


Objective:To discuss edaravone combined low molecular heparin calcium treatment the curative effect of cerebral thrombosis. Methods:The fifty cases of cerebral thrombosis patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group the 25 cases,the treatment group was given by edaravone combined low molecular heparin calcium treatment group,only give enteric aspirin treatment,compared between the two groups of patients with clinical curative effect.Results:The treatment group and the control group total effective rate was 96%and 72%,respectively,the treatment group was superior to control group,two groups of comparisons,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05 ).Conclusion:Edaravone combined low molecular heparin calcium treatment of cerebral thrombosis have definite curative effect and good safety,be helpful for patients recover at an early date,adverse reaction was small,worth clinical application.


This paper mainly argues the connotation of professional quality education and its important role for cultivation in higher vocational colleges. The aim of higher vocational education is to cultivate talents with good qualities and technical skills for the needs of the society, for the production of the first line, which will greatly not only enhance the students' employment space, but also meet the needs of social and oriented universities own development. Application oriented Undergraduate universities should continuously improve the teaching system and moral education system, committing to the cultivation of students' professional quality. Professional quality refers to the workers to understand and adapt to the social work of a comprehensive embodiment of the ability, which contains professional awareness, professional spirit, professional ethics and vocational skills. The cultivation of professional quality is closely related to the social environment, the school environment and the enterprise environment. Under the social background, we should increase publicity of the professional quality requirements and establish good social educational background, which helps students to establish a proper professional consciousness, immerse in the learning and practice in schools and enterprise to obtain continual professional development. To strengthen the cultivation of students' professional quality is an important content in the current education and teaching work. At present, the application of undergraduate colleges and universities generally pay attention to the cultivation of students' professional ability, while the professional quality of the training is another story. The previously quality-oriented education is difficult to fully cover the professional characteristics, its target is not strong, which needs to explore a new way. The cultivation of professional quality is a process of learning, practice and internalization, which is necessary to develop students' multiple intelligence


Growing location is known to affect the metabolite content and functionality of wild harvested fruits. Terminalia ferdinandiana, commonly known as Kakadu plum (KP), is among the most commercially important native Australian bush foods. Therefore, we evaluated the composition and in vitro bioactivity of aqueous acidified ethanol (AAE) and water extracts prepared from KP fruit wild harvested in the Northern Territory (NT) and Western Australia (WA). Compositional analysis included vitamin C, total ellagic acid (TEA), and total phenolic content (TPC), while in vitro bioactivity was assessed through anti-inflammatory (RAW 264.7 macrophages) activity and cell viability (Hep G2) assay. The IC50 of the extracts ranged from 33.3 to 166.3 µg/mL for NO inhibition and CC50 from 1676 to 7337 µg/mL for Hep G2 cell viability inhibition. The AAE KP fruit extracts from the NT exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity and impacted Hep G2 cell viability more than other extracts, most likely due to TEA (3189 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)), vitamin C (180.5 mg/g DW) and TPC (196 mg GAE/g DW) being higher than in any other extract. Overall, the findings of the present study are promising for using KP fruit and derived products in functional foods, nutraceuticals, or dietary supplements.


L-structure in a Banach space X was defined in (3) by L-projections, that is projections P satisfying for all x ∈ X. The significance of L-structure is shown by the following facts: (1) All L-projections on X commute and together form a complete Boolean algebra. (2) X can be isometrically represented as a vector-valued L1 on a measure space constructed from the Boolean algebra of its L-projections (2). (3) L1-spaces in the ordinary sense are characterized among Banach spaces by properties equivalent to having so many L-projections that the representation in (2) is everywhere one-dimensional.


A deep autoencoder (DAE)-based communication over the two-user Z-interference channel (ZIC) is introduced in this paper. The proposed DAE-ZIC is designed to minimize the bit error rate (BER) in the presence of interference by jointly optimizing the encoders and decoders. Effectively, this is an end-to-end communication that designs new constellations for the ZIC. Normalization layers are embedded in the proposed DAE design to realize an average power constraint so that there are no regular shape restrictions on the constellation symbols. We compare the performance of the DAE-ZIC with two baseline methods, which are ZIC with regular and rotated constellations. Simulation results show a significant gain in BER reduction. On average, in weak, moderate, and strong regimes, 31%–75% BER improvement is achieved compared to the best existing methods.


Heating the phenolic iodide (14) with potassium t-butoxide and t-butyl alcohol in a sealed tube gave the phenolic dienone (6) or the adamantanoid dienone (18a) depending on the quantity of potassium t-butoxide used. Treatment of (18a) with DDQ gives the adamantanoid bis-dienone (17), which fails to undergo the dienone–phenol rearrangement in the presence of trifluoracetic acid.


Poverty is associated with political conflict in developing countries, but evidence of individual grievances translating into dissent among the poor is mixed. We analyze survey data from 40 developing nations to understand the determinants radicalism, support for violence, and participation in legal anti-regime actions as petitions, demonstrations, and strikes. In particular, we examine the role of perceived political and economic inequities. Our findings suggest that individuals who feel marginalized tend to harbor extremist resentments against the government, but they are generally less likely to join collective political movements that aim to instigate regime changes. This potentially explains the commonly-observed pattern in lowand middle-income countries whereby marginalized groups, despite their political attitudes and high-levels of community engagement, are more difficult to mobilize in nation-wide movements. We also find that arenas for active political participation (beyond voting) are more likely to be dominated by upper-middle income groups who are committed, ultimately, to preserving the status quo. Suppressing these forms of political action may thus be counterproductive, if it pushes these groups towards more radical preferences. Finally, our findings suggest that the poor, in developing nations, may be caught in a vicious circle of selfexclusion and greater marginalization. Prepared for delivery at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, August 28 – 31, 2008, Boston. The authors are grateful for invaluable research assistance from Joshua Hermias. † Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, and Wolfensohn Center for Development, Brookings Institution. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. ‡ Department of Economics and Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, and Stockholm Institute for Transition Economics. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. § Dubai School of Government. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com.


Sixty-one years old man came to our hospital due to progressive dyspnea. The physical examination revealed left parasternal heaving, loud P2, pansystoic murmur grade III/IV at left lower sternal border with increasing intensity during inspiration, compatible with tricuspid regurgitation (TR) with pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) demonstrated dilated right ventricle (RV) and right atrium (RA), severe TR, RV systolic pressure 70 mmHg. No atrial septal defect (ASD) was detected. TTE findings were compatible with volume overload of right heart. However, sensitivities of


Progress is reported in the development of a method of growing cadmium sulfide crystals with properties suitable for their incorporation into an electrically simple direct current instrument for measuring nuclear radiations. Fourteen runs were carried out during the period which resulted in production of single crystals of cadium sulfide. Studies were made on the effects of crystal purity, doping materials, infrared quenching, crystal size and homogeneity, and light and dark resistivities of the crystals on the sensitivity of the crystals to gamma rays. (For preceding period see NP-6461.) (C. H.)


Nanosized NiO,Na-and/or Mo-doped NiO catalysts have been prepared by sol-gel method and investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane(ODHP).The structure and properties of the catalysts were characterized by BET,XRD,TEM,laser Raman spectroscopy,H2-TPR and NH3-TPD techniques.Among the catalysts studied,the Na/Mo co-doped sample(Na0.03Mo0.10NiO)showed the best ODHP performance.With this catalyst,the propene yield of 15.4% was obtained at 425℃.The characterization results showed that the higher propene selectivity over Na0.03Mo0.10NiO could be attributed to its lower reducibility and appropriate surface acidity.Moreover,the smaller crystalline size and the presence of nickel molybdate species may also improve the catalytic performance.


Objective To analyse the clinicopathological feature of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung and discuss its morphogenesis.Methods The frequency rate, locus, size, staging, histological features and lymph node metastasis of 6 adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung, which were resected and final diagnosised at affiliated Tongji hospital from 2001 to 2002,were evaluated retrospectively. Results The frequency rate of adenosquamous carcinoma was 3.0% primary lung cancers, the metastasis rate of lymph node was 20%; the average diameter of tumor was 4.3cm;in most cases the two components of carcinoma can transit each other; and this type of cancer mostly occurred in old male. Conclusion Adenosquamous carcinoma is the special type of lung cancer, and the study of its morphogenesis is helpful to the study of occurrence mechanism of neoplasm.


Mark Jones looks at the profits pulled in to the practice by the average practice nurse and finds that they more than earn their keep.


Transformed callus culture of Mucuna italies (Fabaceae) were obtained by infecting explants (epicotyls, hypocotyls and cotyledons) obtained from aseptically germinated seedlings and 4 weeks old callus of epicotyl on MS media supplemented with NAA (1.0 ppm) + BAP (1.0ppm) with Agrobacterium tumefaciens (MTCC-431, MTCC-2250 and MTCC-2251). The oncogenic strains had different level of virulence on different types of explants. The main difference was found in the nature of galls formed and in their subsequent morphological competence. The comparative callus induction efficiency of various strains was evaluated. Various transformed callus grew axenically in the absence of exogenous plant growth regulator in Murashige and Skoog's medium containing 3% w/v of sucrose. The best result was found with epicotyl explants with A. tumefaciens strain (MTCC-2250). The highest transfection efficiency was observed with MTCC 2250. MTCC 431 also showed satisfactory results, while MTCC 2251 failed to transfect any of explants. The suspension culture of transformed callus were initiated and maintained successfully. The gall and cell suspension obtained synthesizes various normal constituents of plant out of which, L-Dopa was isolated, identified and estimated. The transformed callus showed callus induction efficiency (85% epicotyl callus transfected with MTCC 2250), viability (84% callus and 76% cell suspension), growth index (4.92) and productivity of L-DOPA (4.37% by Cell DW in callus and 7.88% by Cell DW in cell suspension) and it was found higher than the intact Mucuna pruriens seeds (3.61% by Cell DW).


During the United Nations Global Compact's 15th anniversary event, global business leaders met with governments in the historic UN General Assembly Hall to demonstrate the growing, strategic role that the private sector plays in solving our world's greatest challenges.


INDICATION, For the treatment of signs of androgenisarion in women such as severe acne refractory co prolonged oral antibiotic therapy and idiopathic hirsutism of mild to moderate degree. Diane-35 ED will also provide effective oral contraception. If the hirsutism has only recently appeared or has lately intensified [0 a considerable extent the cause (androgenproducing tumour or an adrenal enzyme defect) must be clarified by differential diagnosis.


The aim of this review was to identify the underlying relationship between preterm birth and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Preterm birth significantly affects the elastin content and viscoelastic properties of the vascular extracellular matrix in human arteries. Inadequate elastin synthesis during early development may cause a permanent increase in arterial stiffness in adulthood.


The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) is leading the review of competence in the area of 'research and development.' Competence in this context is about everything deriving from EU law that affects what happens in the UK.
CEH responded on qustions relating to where EU action had a positive/negative impact for the UK on research, whether UK enagement has been hindered by EU involvement,benefits or difficulties of the objective of a European research area (ERA), future opportunities and challenges.
The report is published at https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/review-of-uk-and-eu-balance-of-competences-call-for-evidence-on-research-and-development


Cogging torque and torque ripple of surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor applied to electric power steering (EPS) have been one of the main concerns in manufacturing the EPS system. A variety of methods have been suggested to minimize cogging torque and torque ripple. However, this paper presents 2 different types of the motor and a comparative result from their characteristic analyses using finite element method. Both are composed of 8 poles/12 slots with concentrated windings while one have equal tooth widths and the other unequal tooth widths. Furthermore, it is scarcely possible to induce equations which express the relations among the 4 design parameters, eccentricity, angle between tooth tips, small tooth width, and pole arc. Therefore, this paper purposes optimization of unequal type for EPS motor through response surface methodology.


Poverty and its eradication are presently at the pinnacle of all global development policies inexorably attracting the attention of numerous prominent organizations including the World Bank and the United Nations. However and irrefutably, feminization of poverty especially among the single mothers is a huge stumbling block to making a significant score to the Millennium Development Goal (MDGs) number three, which is concerned with women empowerment. The aim of this article is, through a review of literature methodology, to explore the survival strategies adopted by single mothers. Findings indicate the following factors underpinning the prevalence of single mothers in Zimbabwe: divorce and separation; death from diseases such as HIV/AIDS; out-of-wedlock births; and choice of being single mothers. Single mothers were also found to enjoy support from the following sources: international/donor organization, government, family and communities; and from faith based organizations. Ultimately, the paper reveals the following survival strategies: prostitution, entrepreneurship and engagement in women group organizations. As the way forward, the paper recommends the following: re-implementing balanced and favourable women friendly policies; erecting educational and sustainable projects friendly to women; and fostering partnership between the government and the NGOs dealing with women development and advancement. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p1222


The status of our longterm joint optical- and radio observing program for the establishment of a new inertial optical- and radio reference frame is described. A special attempt is made to provide a suitable number of extragalactic sources and radiostars for an inertial HIPPARCOS reference link.


THE South African clawed toad Xen@tls Laevis was first introduced as an assay animal by Hogben' in 1930. Since then much work has been done on the uses, husbandry and breeding of these toads. It is now well established that they can be used as a reliable test animal for pregnancy diagnosis in humans', and assay of melanophore-expanding hormone. There are many other possible uses for this toad which are being explored. Wartime conditions make it difficult to import the animals from South Africa but we can prescribe a method for breeding and rearing them in the laboratory. This toad has many great advantages over other test animals. I t lives indefinitely in the laboratory-we have kept them for over 12 years and they still respond to injection of gonadotropic extracts by ovulation and extrusion of ripe eggs. Recognition of this response does not involve killing the animal, which can be used repeatedly. This depends on the fact that X e n e s does not ovulate spontaneously under normal laboratory conditions and does not extrude all its ripe eggs simultaneously after an injection of gonadotropic extract, Only for the last z years have we


In this paper we present the results about properties of system of the exponential solutions for the systems of difference differential equations of neutral type in Sobolev spaces on the interval of delay. The main properties is Riesz basisness of exponential solutions. The results of this paper are natural generalization of the previous results of the second author [1]-[4]. The paper consists of three parts. We formulate the statements of the results in the first part, the proofs of the main results we present in the second part, and remarks and comments - in the third part.


Free vibration analysis of a transversely stiffened circular thin hollow cylinder made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) is analytically evaluated. Functionally graded materials are inhomogeneous composites which are usually made from a mixture of metal and ceramic. The gradient compositional variation of the constituents from one surface to the other provides an elegant solution to the problem of high transverse shear stresses induced when two dissimilar materials with large differences in material properties are bonded. In this paper, application of an FGM made of two different materials is investigated by applying Ritz method. While cylinder is assumed to be thin, strain energy evaluation is performed by Sander's theorem. Stiffeners which are not necessarily in the same uniform shape are treated as discrete elements and can be placed on both sides of the cylinder or concentrate in the middle wall. Bending, stretching and wrapping effects of stiffeners are considered in calculation of strain energy. Evaluation of kinetic energy of stiffeners is performed by taking into account rotary and translational inertia. To apply Ritz method, polynomial functions are used and natural frequencies and mode shapes of ring stiffened thin cylinder are investigated. Results are compared and verified with previous theoretical and experimental studies of stiffened thin cylinders. Comparison indicates a good agreement between results.© 2009 ASME


We investigate an asset pricing model with preferences cycling between high risk aversion and low EIS in fall/winter and the reverse in spring/summer. Calibrating to consumption data and allowing plausible preference parameter values, we produce returns that match observed equity and Treasury returns across the seasons: risky returns are higher and risk-free returns are lower or stable in fall/winter, and they reverse in spring/summer. Further, risky returns vary more than risk-free returns. A novel finding is that both EIS and risk aversion must vary seasonally to match observed returns. Further, the degree of necessary seasonal change in EIS is small.


Relay assignment significantly affects the performance of the cooperative communication, which is an emerging technology for the future mobile system. Previous studies in this area have mostly focused on assigning a dedicated relay to each source-destination pair for one-to-one (121) traffic. However, many-to-one (M21) traffic, which is also common in many situations (for example, several users associate with one access point in a wireless access network such as a WLAN), hasn't been well studied. This paper addresses the shared relay assignment (SRA) problem for M21 traffic. We formulate two new optimization problems: one is to maximize the minimum throughput among all the sources (hereafter called M21-SRA-MMT), and the other is to maximize the total throughput over all the sources while maintaining some degree of fairness (hereafter called M21-SRA-MTT). As the optimal solutions to the two problems are hard to find, we propose two approximation algorithms whose performance factors are 5.828 and 3, respectively, based on the rounding mechanism. Extensive simulation results show that our algorithms for M21-SRA-MMTcan significantly improve the minimum throughput compared with existing algorithms, while our algorithm for M21-SRA-MTTcan achieve the close-to-optimal performance.


Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a quite rare but problematic disease in everyday cardiologists practise. Prostanoids are the most important group of drugs used in this disease. One of the biggest problems encountered during treatment with analogs of prostacyclin is thrombocytopenia. Based on hematological guidelines we suggest common therapeutic schemes depending on the number of platelets or the severity of bleeding conducting the therapy.


This paper outlines the main areas of bioengineering research in the Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering at the University of Limerick.


A soliton solution of the Klein-Gordon equation, ke^{-|m⋅r|} , consistent with the mass-generalized Maxwell's equations and the preon foundation for the fermions is presented, proved and discussed.


The newly created state of Jharkhand is very rich in the plant wealth and other natural resources. The area has maxium concentration of tribal population in North India. The forests have several medicinal and aromatic plants that are being used as a source of medicines in various systems viz., Ayurveda, Siddha Unani and Homoeopathy. Due to continous habitat destruction fragmentation of forests, urbanization coupled with population explosion and agricultural growth, there is unprecedented pressure on plants wealth culminating into loss of biodiversity at an alarming rate. The authors have regularly been surveying the state for the last fifteen years. Based on the field survey literature and screening ca 24 medicinal plants whose populations have been continously depleting are identified and reported in the present communication.


This study on the use of Information Systems in support of sustainability, known as Green IS, was undertaken in the hope of adding data to the relatively scarce available research into the subject in South Africa. The research question explored whether or not companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange used information systems to support sustainability. Data was collected from companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange for a quantitative survey through an electronic questionnaire and tested against the adoption influencers defined by an expanded version of Butler's Integrative Model of Institutional Theory of Green Information Systems. This research found that Green IS practices with a direct cost saving component were favoured. This provides a theoretical contribution of this paper as an augmented model of Green IS is proposed to include financial pressure as a driver of Green IS. In additional, this empirical study suggests support for Butler's normative driver of Green IS, as 62% of respondents expressed the view that Green practice had become the norm in their sector.


Foreign trade has been considered as the most important factor of economic relations between two countries and on which the development of these countries depends and it plays a significant role in the development of the country. The study was conducted basically on the problems of exporters and importers of the Mumbai region. The problems are categoriesed under Domestic Problems, Problems related to Government services, Financial Problems and Management problems. Further these problems are categorized according to the commodities and the data have been collected on exporter's problems from 239 sample units and importers problems from 220 sample units, which are divided in 10 categories named as Automobiles and Accessories, Chemicals, Fertilizers, Dyes and Related Products, Building and Material, Computer and Accessories, Cosmetics and Beauty Products, Gems and Jewellery and Precious Stones, Consumer Durables and Home Appliances, Beverages, Agricultural and Marine, Apparel. The study contributes towards the minimization of the threats of problems and to overcome the situation. The policy factor of the government of India is altogether responsible to increase such kind of pathetic environment and situation.


This study was performed to measure the elimination effects of chlorine dioxide on phenol compounds, trihalomethanes (THMs) and algae in drinking water supply. The raw and chlorinated water were treated with 0.5ppm of chlorine dioxide. The phenols contained 0.052mg/1, 0.019mg/1 of raw and treatedwat...


A camera purpose for measuring the electrical properties of samples in powder or liquid, comprising a measuring module comprising two cylindrical electrodes flanged stabilization coaxially arranged in a cylinder made of insulating material provided with electrical insulation, surrounded by a reinforcing ring, in which the chamber, when in use, the electrodes are compressed using a clamping system generating high pressure, with a sample under examination disposed between the parallel active surfaces of the electrodes, wherein the module measurement is constructed by electrodes (1) made of material of high hardness which are slidably disposed in the cylinder (4) made of insulating material and surrounded by the ring (5) reinforcement, and when in use the chamber is completely removable and is received in the system (10, 16, 19) generating high pressure clamping, wherein the electrodes (1) and the cylinder (4) forming a sealed space accommodating the sample (6).


In situ observations by the synchrotron white beam X-ray topographic method are carried out during the directional solidification of thin samples (0.2-0.3 mm) of a Al-0.73 wt% Cu alloy. Stresses associated to morphological instability and pattern formation are analysed. Due to compressions and dilatations induced by the local curvature of the solidification front (Laplace law), strain contrasts in crystal parts close to the interface appear in the early stages of amplification of perturbations. Advection of dislocations into the grooves and subboundaries outcropping are evidenced for a cellular solid-liquid interface. Two types of strains are left in the grown solid by a cellular microstructure, related to nearly periodic emission of droplets and high gradients of solute, which locally create regions with important parametric mismatch. The time evolution of average cell spacing and amplitude is studied. It follows from the variation of cell spacing with growth speed that the present series of experiments are straddling the finite amplitude cellular and deep cellular regimes


In this paper, we are interested to the handwriting traces generation in order to reproduce those given by human beings. With the coordinates of a pen-tip moving on (x, y) plane during the human handwriting moving, a Bresenham algorithm can be used as a trace generator algorithm. This last one is well-used for a circle tracing to control bi-axis motions. On the basis of this algorithm, a new trace generator algorithm is presented to predict different cursive Arabic letters and geometric shapes. Using the recorded experimental data basis, a comparative study of these two algorithms will be presented.


OBJECTIVE
To study reasons for job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among interns.

DESIGN
Using a qualitative methodology, one-to-one interviews were conducted with interns.

SETTING
The study was based at a Victorian Rural Intern Training program.

PARTICIPANTS
Twelve interns from the program were interviewed during their final rotation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Reasons for job satisfaction and dissatisfaction among rural interns.

RESULTS
Reasons for job satisfaction included feeling supported in the workplace as well as getting quality supervision, teaching and clinical exposure. Reasons for job dissatisfaction included poor access to administration, unduly stressful working situations, lack of support for mental health and well-being, and poorly organised teaching sessions.

CONCLUSION
The internship experience, together with the people they are influenced by, can determine a doctor's future career pathway. It is therefore vital for internship coordinators and hospital managers to facilitate a positive internship experience. The findings have implications for human resource management policy and practice in rural hospitals.


PrefaceI. Past TimesII. The Last Fat Year (1930)III. Lean Years (1931-1932)IV. The Leanest Year (1933)V. New Deal Baseball (1934-1935)VI. Toward Recovery (1936-1937)VII. Pathos and Progress (1938-1939)VIII. Baseball LivesIX. ShadowballX. Recovery and War (1940-1941)PostscriptNotesSelected BibliorgraphyIndex


The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of integrating flipped learning and information and communication technology on secondary school students' academic achievement and attitudes. The study was based on a quasi-experimental approach where the sample of the study consisted of 40 students from Mashrek International School in Amman, Jordan, who were randomly assigned into either an experimental group (20 students) or control group (20 students). An academic achievement test was used with both groups as a pre-test and post-test, and an attitude scale was implemented only on the experimental group. The validity and reliability of the study were ensured. The findings revealed the effectiveness of the flipped learning approach, statically significant differences were found between the experimental and control group in terms of the students' academic achievement. As for the experimental group the students' attitudes towards peers, teacher, environment and learning process were positive.


The multi-agent collaborative hunting problem is a typical problem in multi-agent coordination and collaboration research. Aiming at the multi-agent hunting problem with learning ability, a collaborative hunt method based on game theory and Q-learning is proposed. Firstly, a cooperative hunting team is established and a game model of cooperative hunting is built. Secondly, through the learning of the escaper's strategy choice, the trajectory of the escaper's limited T-step cumulative reward is established, and the trajectory is adjusted to the hunter's strategy set. Finally, the Nash equilibrium solution is obtained by solving the cooperative hunt game, and each hunter executes the equilibrium strategy to complete the hunt task. C# simulation experiment shows that under the same conditions, this method can effectively solve the hunting problem of a single runaway with learning ability in the obstacle environment, and the comparative analysis of experimental data shows that the efficiency of this method is better than other methods.


Obesity is a critical health issue world-wide and has been identified as a leading cause of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type-2 diabetes, stroke and certain types of cancer. In 2014, 1.9 billion adults were overweight and 600 million were obese. In this study, to facilitate early detection of childhood obesity, we present our methodology for effective data integration that allows modelers to import new attributes from auxiliary datasets using geospatial proximity, alongside the associated data uncertainty for each data point that is caused by the data aggregation process while estimating that attribute. We have used the data uncertainty estimate as input to various machine learning algorithms, to improve on the obesity prediction. As a case study, we have integrated the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 dataset with the US Census 2000 dataset and the 2000 CDC Growth Charts dataset to augment our prediction model with behavioral and environmental features. Compared to models with only biometric attributes, our empirical experiments show accuracy improvements when we incrementally consider behavioral aspects (8.9~10.2%), environmental aspects (12.1~12.3%) and data uncertainty estimates (18.3~25.6%).


In recent years, at railway area, a lot of  investments are planned  and  also railways have been took  its own required importance from governments and authorized policy makers and desicion makers. These developments has revealed the  need of highly skilled rail welders. To meet this need, a EU LLP Project has been implemented under the management of European Welding Federation (EWF) . Applicant organisation in the  project  is Turkish State Railways (TCDD) other core partners are respectively England Welding Institute (TWI), Holland Welding Institute (NIL) and Gedik University.  This is a transfer of innovation project. A Project consortium has been created to transfer results of previous project  RAILSAFE 2. This project RAILSAFE-TR aims to develop European Transfer Model for Rail Welding Personnel Qualification and Certification in Turkey. Aluminothermic rail welding method has been choosed a model of rail welding, and also pilot courses Railsafe-Tr: Ray Kaynakçılarına Yönelik AB İle Uyumlu Eğitim ve Sertifikasyon Sisteminin Geliştirilmesi Projesi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Murat Tosun, Cüneyt Türkkuşu


A Magnetorquer, or a Magnetic Torque Rod, is a satellite equipment that is used for angular momentum management, detumbling and reaction wheel desaturation on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. It is usually consists of copper windings around a ferromagnetic core with low remanence. When the input voltage is applied, the current flows through the coil and produces a magnetic dipole moment. It interacts with the Earth's magnetic field in such a way that the torque is produced. The most common way to drive a Magnetorquer is to vary the input voltage with Pulse Width Modulation. The classic modulation technique neglects the inductance of the magnetorquer and the discharge occurs slowly. However, especially when a faster discharge is needed, the classic modulation fails to deliver the required magnetic dipole moment. For that reason, in this study, a novel modulation technique is proposed that takes into account the exponentially convergent inductive behavior of the Magnetorquer. The proposed method produces more exact magnetic dipole moment in both fast and slow discharge conditions.


The present invention relates to a microlens and a method of manufacturing a CMOS image sensor, finally guided into the photo-sensing device region about the light that is guided outside of the photo-sensing device region the gap between the micro lens does not exist to improve the light sensitivity , the photo-sensing device region, a gate electrode, an interlayer insulating film, forming a plurality of color filter layers on a semiconductor substrate metal wiring is formed; Forming an overcoat layer on the plurality of color filter layers; Forming micro renjeueul on said overcoat layer; A step of etching the overcoat layer of the following gap between the microlens and the microlens forming a gap at a boundary area of the color filter layer; Flow proceeds to step includes the step of extending the surface of the microlenses in the gap. CMOS image sensors, a micro lens, and the overcoat layer, the flow


This research was conducted because the learning process in the classroom was not yet using smartphone technology based on the curriculum 2013 revision. Each student has a smartphone device which is most are android, but they did not use it in the learning process, the teaching system using speech method, while the printed books still existing in the class. The usage ICT such as text, picture, sound, animation,and video in the class are in separated form yet. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to produce Handout based mobile learning assisted by android aplication and to know the validity criteria of the product. This variety of research is a mixed method. The research uses a validity test instrument that contains 4 aspects as follows; substances; language; graphic and utilization of software. The result are presented in the table,diagram and then analyzed to determine the advisability criteria of handout. Based on the research conducted, there are two results research obtained, first is the handout product are consisted of text, sound, picture, animation, and video while the second is the results of the validity test conducted twice, with an average value of the first validity is 86.93% with high valid criteria and the average value of the second validity is 94.49% with high valid criteria. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the product of handout mobile learning on parabolic and circular motion material assisted by the android class X SMA/MA is feasible to be used in the learning process.


We report observations of a radio burst that occurred on the flare star AD Leonis over a frequency range of 1120-1620 MHz (λ ≈ 18–27 cm). These observations, made by the 305 m telescope of the Arecibo Observatory, are unique in providing the highest time resolution (1 ms) and broadest spectral coverage (Δ ν/ν = 0.36) of a stellar radio burst yet obtained. The burst was observed on 2005 April 9. It produced a peak flux density of ~500 mJy, and it was essentially 100% right-circularly polarized. The dynamic spectrum shows a rich variety of structure: patchy emission, diffuse bands, and narrowband, fast-drift striae. Focusing our attention on the fast-drift striae, we consider the possible role of dispersion, and find that it requires rather special conditions in the source to be a significant factor. We suggest that the emission may be due to the cyclotron maser instability, a mechanism known to occur in planetary magnetospheres. We briefly explore possible implications of this possibility.


Well-defined poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) were synthesized first by a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer process. These polymers were then reduced to generate an end thiol group to react with isocyanate groups on the surface of silica nanoparticles, which were pretreated with toluene-2,4-diisocyanate, by a one-pot "click" reaction to prepare temperature and pH responsive polymer functionalized hybrid silica nanoparticles. The polymer functionalized silica hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by a range of techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The doubly responsive polymer functionalized silica hybrid nanoparticles show both temperature and pH responsive behavior and their solution properties were dependent on the ratio of the two polymers on the surface of silica. Covalent functionalization of the silica nanoparticle with well-defined temperature and pH responsive polymers was accomplished via a one-pot thiol-isocyanate click reaction. This reaction was found to be extremely efficient in producing doubly responsive polymer functionalized silica hybrid nanoparticle, even at relatively low reaction temperature and short reaction time. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the same ratio of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) functionalized silica hybrid nanoparticle consisted of 42.46 wt% polymer. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers


It is very important to recognize that the future of e-government cannot be thought through in isolation, it cannot be assessed as a series of administrative tasks or a wider set of measures aimed at making the state more efficient. The administration of today and tomorrow essentially depends on the changes of the economy, society and culture as well. Local governments and public administration serve the interests of citizens and businesses alike, therefore public administration significantly depends on the knowledge, consciousness and mentality of individuals and enterprises, too. However, it is still an open question whether enterprises in Austria and Hungary actually have the IT infrastructure enabling them to adopt the devices of e-governance at a faster pace. The primary objective of this paper is to explore the differences and similarities in the usage of information systems in different size categories in Austria and Hungary. More precisely, it examines how frequently information systems are used in four of the pre-defined size categories (microenterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises and corporations) in both countries. Microenterprises in Hungary hardly used any information systems. When comparing the two countries, the smallest difference could be observed in the use of information systems by corporations.


This text realizes nowadays the policy in Taiwan often becomes a tool which political personages scalped with, and therefore losing its original function, especially the push of the " Taiwan re-name action" has already placed itself above the essence of policy. "Postal Service" among the state-run businesses, acts the part of soft line, all annual surplus pay national bank, provides funds to stabilize stock market and cooperates with the state in policies invariably. But the insistence derived from ideology of the authorities to promote "Re-name action", makes it a popular issue in the media and the public nowadays. So we want to question the rightness of"Re-name action"? This text is to probe into the symbol theory of Bart and apply it to"Post re-name action"in Taiwan. "Post re-name action"is regard as one mythology in this text (or as a symbol). Then based on" mythology study "from Barthes to point out the formal, essential and imaginative meanings of "Post re-name action". From the theory, we understand "comprehension" is "self-comprehension" essentially , so the evaluation of Roland Barthes' symbolism and"Post re-name action"in the text is also nothing but a "self-comprehension". From Symbolism of Roland Barthes , Taiwan's"Post re-name action"promoted by the ruling party to fulfill democracy and "Love Taiwan"concepts intensifies the formal meaning of the consciousness of Taiwanese localization. Government wants to use"Post re-name action"to solve such structural problems in politics, and economy etc., and also to arouse the public identity and thus results in the myth of " Re-name action". Therefore the"Post re-name action"of Taiwan is not to reform the postal service, but to manipulate the consciousness of localization to form a sense of "a whole community". In addition, the broad consensus from the public treats "Re-name sport"as the embodiment of"Love Taiwan"and "Desinicization". This can be exemplified by the push to join the United Nations by using the name of "Taiwan" etc. From the above-mentioned reasons, the formal meaning of"Post re-name action"is too heavy. This text considers that"Post re-name action"fails to become a collectively identified symbol . Hence, this text here unilaterally announces that the essential meaning of "Post re-name action"is an action that the ruling party takes in order to shift the focus, disguising the predicaments they are facing now. The text suspects the purpose of the imaginative meanings revealed from "Post re-name action". And here postal staff, opposition party and the public propose criticism and query on the move of "Post re-name action". Key word:Post re-name action,self-comprehension,Re-name action


We generalize Killing equations to a test particle system which is subjected to external force. We relax the conservation condition by virtue of reparametrization invariance of a particle orbit. As a result, we obtain generalized Killing equations which have hierarchical structure on the top of which a conformal Killing equation exists.


ABSTRACT This article introduces a new device that harvest intramedullary bone for transplantation. The history, indications, technique, and potential complications are reviewed. Some of the early "work" generated from the use of this device is reviewed, but much more is needed. Detailed clinical and scientific studies are absent at this time, and further validation of this technique awaits these studies. A review of the most current data on the reamer-irrigator-aspirator as bone graft harvester is included in this article.


In this paper, the consensus problem of heterogenous nonlinear multi-agent systems containing actuator faults is settled. The communication topology of the MAS is assumed to be a strongly connected digraph. A concept about the generalized algebraic connectivity is applied to illustrate the systems' ability to achieve second-order consensus. On the basis of matrix theory, algebraic graph theory and Lyapunov stability criterion, sufficient conditions for fault-tolerant consensus of heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems suffering from actuator faults are obtained. Ultimately, simple numerical simulation experiments are performed to prove the theoretical results.


We present here the results of the first direct measurements of Pb and Cd in Antarctic and Greenland ancient ice and recent snow at ultralow concentration levels by Laser Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry with Electrothermal Atomization (LEAF-ETA) in clean room conditions. The limit of detection was found to be about 5 fg for Pb and 0.5 fg for Cd. Various snow and ice samples were analysed, allowing to reconstruct the past variations of the natural global atmospheric cycles of these two toxic metals during the last climatic cycle and to assess their recent alteration by man in both hemispheres.


In this paper, We coupled fluid balance and director balance equation from Ericksen-Leslie`s continuum theory and observed the motion of Liquid Crystal molecular. We simulated flow velocity and director distribution in which flow effect is considered in switching on and switching off state. We interpreted the dynamic response characteristic caused by the flow. As the result of the simulation, We could see the flow effect. In the case of Twisted Nematic(TN) cell, this flow caused abnormal twist temporarily in switching off state. We could prove that this abnormal twist is a direct cause of optical bounce phenomenon known well until now with the result of simulation. In addition, We analyzed the mechanism of the fast response due to flow in the case of Optically Compensated Bend(OCB) cell.


This paper describes how statistical energy analysis (SEA) is one method that is commonly used for high frequency analysis of complex systems. In the derivation of SEA, it is assumed that the system consists of lightly damped, lightly coupled mode groups that transfer energy between coupled structures. The paper shows how SEA is effective and useful for cases where these assumptions are not violated. However, continuous systems exhibiting moderate coupling or spatial response decay due to damping should not be modeled using SEA. A second method, energy flow analysis (EFA) has been proposed to predict the response of systems for cases of moderate damping and coupling. The practicality of EFA based on a model of lossy plane wave decay has been questioned in past work. The development and validation of a modeling approach using a lossy plane wave energy finite element method (EFEM) that is applicable to the point excited plate is proposed and validated in this paper.


Description Can sophisticated research tools, such as plucking environmental DNA from water and the sea floor, speed the recovery of long-missing soldiers? Can sophisticated research tools, such as plucking environmental DNA from water and the sea floor, speed the recovery of long-missing soldiers?


Although a large number of ferry and roll on/roll off services exist in Canada, little research has been carried out on the design of their terminals. In the planning and design of a new or re modelled terminal system, one of the most important tasks is to determine the required number and size of components of the terminal complex. Although advances in design methodology and specific techniques have recently been made for other modal terminals, ferry terminal design has largely been piecemeal and nonscientific. This paper reports a systematic design methodology for ferry and roll on/roll off terminals. In addition to a description of specific techniques developed, design criteria and a case study are reported as well.


A heavy soil (Goulburn loam) in the Goulburn Valley that was badly salinized was quickly reclaimed after control of the watertable to between 60 and 90 cm with subsurface drains. Within 16 months of installing slotted PVC drains 1 .5 m deep and 8.6 m apart, the electrical conductivity of a saturation extract decreased from 16.9 to 1 -9 mS/cm and crop yields increased substantially (oats from 1833 to 321 0 kg/ha, millet from 638 to 31 89 kg/ha). In addition, a white clover-based perennial pasture was established, which in the first season yielded 6985 kg/ha clover compared with 613 kg/ha in the absence of drains. The effects on the reclamation process and crop productivity of ripping the soil to 40 cm, applying gypsum at 10 t/ha, or a combination of both treatments were investigated. No soil treatment was effective without drainage due to the persistence of the shallow saline watertable. With drainage, gypsum applications decreased exchangeable sodium from 8.3 to 3.7% and increased hydraulic conductivity from 1 12 to 24.4 cm/d in the surface 15 cm. Gypsum also increased infiltration by 40%, leaching of chloride by 33% and yield of oats and clover by 44 and 29% respectively. Ripping either alone or combined with gypsum was of no added benefit


There is significant evidence that an increasing proportion of chemical engineering graduates are continuing on to complete a research-based Masters or PhD programme. In this paper, we firstly present data collected over a 10-year period regarding the work placement of such research-based graduates within Australia at the completion of their higher level degree. While two-thirds of our graduates are placed in research positions, the remaining one third enter positions in engineering, management or the legal and financial professions. Around one half of Australian research-based graduates enter the private sector, a proportion slightly lower than that of comparable American graduates. Given this broad range of career destinations, it is imperative that universities provide research students with the opportunity to gain a broad range of generic skills. While intellectual rigour must remain the cornerstone of a research intensive degree, students should also gain experience in teamwork and leadership roles. They must develop effective oral and written communications skills and they must be capable of thinking outside the square. An understanding of sustain-ability issues, as well as environmental, health and safety regulations is also important. Finally, the proportion of females undertaking research-based postgraduate study is low. Improving the gender balance will require the postgraduate programme to foster a more collaborative environment and one in which feedback, both oral and written, is provided on a regular basis.


TPACK was a knowledge that teachers need to master to teach effectively with technology. TPACK needs to be applied in the learning process to realize technology integrated learning. The implementation of TPACK in the learning process can be reflected in teacher teaching performance. This research aims to determine the performance of biological teachers in applying TPACK to the learning process. This research is a survey study with observation methods. The study involved 68 respondents of biology teachers who were convenience sample. Data collection is performed using an observation sheet instrument. The results of the implementation of PCK High school biology teachers in D.I.Yogyakarta province was good criteria with a score of 75.04, but the components of TPK with a score of 39.76, and TPACK with a score of 37.74 which is classified as a good criteria, while the ability Implementation of TCK which is classified as the criteria is not good with a score of 28.06.


In this paper, two different experiments, namely, salt water spray and salt water immersion, were performed to reproduce the contact of composites with the seawater for three kinds of woven fabric composite material systems which would be used for the WIG(wing in ground effect)craft. After aging 140 days in the salt water environment, material properties of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite such as tensile, compressive and shear stiffness and strength, and inter-laminar shear strength (ILSS) were measured. By comparing baseline material properties with degraded ones, the effects of the salt water environment on the composite mechanical properties were evaluated. From the experiments, it was confirmed that the difference in aging conditions had very small influence on composite properties. And it was found that tensile strength of carbon/epoxy composites showed little degradation, but much more degradation was observed in glass/epoxy composites. And large degradations on matrix dominant properties were observed. The salt water could damage the fiber-matrix interface, matrix properties and the glass fiber.


This paper investigates the radial growth and facet surface distortion of spinning polygon mirrors used in xerographic laser printers. The general purpose finite element code MSC/NASTRAN is first validated with a closed form analysis of spinning disks and then used to predict the radial growth of a polygon as a function of facet number. Successive finite element calculations of facet surface distortion are then completed on polygons made of 6061 aluminum, ranging from 5 to 18 facets, 1.0 to 3.0 inches in inscribed radii, and 5 to 30 krpm in rotational speed. Using the data from these calculations, a series of parametric curves are developed plotting maximum surface irregularity vs. facet number for various inscribed radii and rotational speeds. Using these curves, an example calculation is detailed so future determination of radial and facet deformations under rotational loads is more readily available to the engineer. The paper also includes a spatial representation of deformed facet shape as a function of facet number, for a polygon with an inscribed radius of 1.5 inches and an operating speed of 30 krpm. Also discussed is the effect of center hole size on surface deformation for the 12 facet case.


Preface - Historical Paradigms - Theories of Autobiography - A Theory of Aesthetic Autobiography - The Art of Misrepresentation in Marcel Proust - The Stylised Quotidian in James Joyce - Distancing and Displacement in Virginia Woolf - The Mythification of Selfhood in Anais Nin - Envoi - Notes - References - Index


Synopsis On treatment with t-amyl-alcoholic sodium t-amyloxide, sulphones of the type TsCHAr.C6H4.NPhCH2R lose the elements of toluenesulphinic acid giving the Schiff base ArCH2.C6H4.N = CHR, which can be hydrolysed to ArCH2.C6H4.NH2.


After the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, there have been a lot of changes around the globe. With the popularity of online communications, ontact culture has emerged, and its influence even reached an educational sector. In 2020, the Ministry of Education announced the launching and spread of ontact platform-based tele-education as conventional face-to-face classroom education became impossible. Such sudden change in teaching methods resulted in a lot of difficulties and complaints among college students and faculty members. Under these circumstances, this study attempted to investigate educational satisfaction after change in teaching methods in the ontact era against college students majoring in cosmetology. For this, a self-administered questionnaire survey was performed to examine their general characteristics, influence of COVID-19 pandemic on academic achievements, preferred lecture style and advantages & disadvantages by teaching method, and the results found the followings: Regarding respondents' general characteristics, 'college women', '20s', '4-member family', 'mid-high' and 'makeup' were most responded in terms of gender, age, household type, academic grade and academic major respectively. In addition, many respondents said that they considered taking a leave of absence because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerning a preferred lecture style, face-to-face classroom lecture was preferred to untact lecture, but the difference was minor. In other words, they have adapted themselves to new educational environments over time. However, they still prefer conventional face-to-face classroom lecture which enables mutual communications and instant feedback. It is anticipated that the study results would be helpful in promoting studies on the development of educational services in the event of a COVID-19 pandemic-like dramatic crisis.


Introduction: Amblyopia is reduced visual acuity in one or both eyes due to abnormal visual development in early part of life. Purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and central macular thickness (CMT) between amblyopic and fellow (normal) eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
Methods: This was a hospital based, cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the department of Ophthalmology, B.P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS), Institute of Medicine (IOM), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH). All consecutive cases of age ≥5 years and ≤15 years diagnosed with unilateral amblyopia from January 2013 to June 2014 were included in this study. RNFL and macular thicknesses were measured using SD-OCT and compared between fellow eyes.
Results: A total of 32 cases with unilateral amblyopia, 19 with hypermetropic anisometropic, 4 with myopic anisometropic and 9 with strabismic amblyopia were enrolled in the study. The mean age of presentation was 9.75±2.77 years. The mean CMT in amblyopic eyes (241±45.27 μm) was significantly greater than the normal fellow eyes (233.22±44.24 μm), p= 0.042. The difference remained significant in hypermetropic anisometropic group but not in myopic anisometropic and strabismic group. The mean RNFL thickness was similar in amblyopic (104.16±13.64 μm) and fellow eyes (104.03±13.06 μm).
Conclusions: The CMT was significantly greater in the amblyopic eyes than the normal fellow eyes. There was no significant difference in the RNFL thickness between the amblyopic and normal eyes.


ABSTRACT The Human Resource Development (HRD) curriculum is under-researched at the undergraduate level in tertiary education institutions, particularly in South Africa (SA). This article addresses the need for research on HRD undergraduate education in SA. Using a qualitative case study approach; the researchers interviewed HRD practitioners who have all completed an undergraduate HRD curriculum to determine the deficits in the curriculum under study and what to include in a new HRD curriculum. Findings revealed that the degree title was limited to learning and development only, there were concerns about the faculty that housed the degree, and that the degree replicated lower-level skills certificates. HRD practitioners recommended what to include in a new HRD curriculum that would be relevant and considered credible in practice. The article identifies the implications of the findings for HRD theory, practice, and research. It offers HRD practitioners perspectives on what they consider relevant in an undergraduate HRD curriculum to carry value in the workplace.


In this work, we explored an efficient automatic layout routing algorithm for connecting the power and ground pins in analog integrated circuits. A rectilinear minimal spanning tree (RMST) algorithm for two sets of pins is developed, in which minimal spanning tree is used to form the initial connections between pins. The obstacle-avoiding maze routing algorithm is used to break and reconnect the power and ground nets to avoid any short circuit. The genetic algorithm (GA) is further introduced to optimize the total connection wirelength. We also expanding the wire width to avoid electromigration and IR-drop.


We review recent work in which compactifications of string and M theory are constructed in which all scalar fields (moduli) are massive, and supersymmetry is broken with a small positive cosmological constant, features needed to reproduce real world physics. We explain how this work implies that there is a ``landscape'' of string/M theory vacua, perhaps containing many candidates for describing real world physics, and present the arguments for and against this idea. We discuss statistical surveys of the landscape, and the prospects for testable consequences of this picture, such as observable effects of moduli, constraints on early cosmology, and predictions for the scale of supersymmetry breaking.


The idea of rapid and sound development,put forward in the 17~(th)National Party Congress by Hu Jintao,applies well to the mode of development of Higher Education Self-study Examination in the New Era. Based on the development practice of self-study examination in Fujian,this thesis interprets the proper meaning of rapid and sound development and explores the three basic ways in which the self-study examination in the new era can develop rapidly and soundly,proving that rapid and sound development is the strategic choice that self-study examination should employ in current and coming future.


In order to study on the expression and function of human folate receptor(hFR) in ovarian carcinoma cell line (IGROV1), Nasopharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma cell line (KB), breast carcinoma cell line(MCF-7), and brain cancer cell line(GH3) , I isolated hFR cDNA from human placenta cDNA library and co...


[Abridged] We classify AT 2020zso as a TDE based on the blackbody evolution inferred from UV/optical photometric observations, and spectral line content and evolution. We identify transient, double-peaked Bowen (N III), He I, He II and Halpha emission lines. We model medium resolution optical spectroscopy of the He II (after careful deblending of the N III contribution) and Halpha lines during the rise, peak and early decline of the light curve using relativistic, elliptical accretion disk models. We find that the spectral evolution before peak can be explained by optical depth effects consistent with an outflowing, optically thick Eddington envelope. Around peak the envelope reaches its maximum extent (approximately 10^15 or 3000-6000 gravitational radii for an inferred black hole mass of 5-10 10^5) and becomes optically thin. The Halpha and He II emission lines at and after peak can be reproduced with a highly inclined (i=85+-5 degrees), highly elliptical (e=0.97+-0.01) and relatively compact (Rin = several 100 Rg and Rout = several 1000 Rg ) accretion disk. Overall, the line profiles suggest a highly elliptical geometry for the new accretion flow, consistent with theoretical expectations of newly formed TDE disks. We quantitatively confirm, for the first time, the high inclination nature of a Bowen (and X-ray dim) TDE, consistent with the unification picture of TDEs where the inclination largely determines the observational appearance. Rapid line profile variations rule out the binary SMBH hypothesis as the origin of the eccentricity; these results thus provide a direct link between a TDE in an AGN and the eccentric accretion disk. We illustrate for the first time how optical spectroscopy can be used to constrain the black hole spin, through (the lack of) disk precession signatures (changes in inferred inclination) - and rule out high black hole spin values (a<0.8).


Having lately received two new MSS. of Sâyaṇa's Commentary on the Rig-veda, I thought that a few lines on the character of these MSS., and on the proper use to be made of Sanskrit MSS. in general, might be of some interest both in England and in India. I owe these MSS. to the kindness and enlightened generosity of Dr. Bhao Daji, who is well known to the members of the Royal Asiatic Society, both as an intelligent collector of Indian antiquities, inscriptions, and manuscripts, and as a careful and successful inquirer into the history and chronology of India.


Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems play an integral role in the improvement of health care quality and safety. Alert malfunctions within CDS are a common problem and these greatly limit its usability. Anomaly detection is a novel approach to identify malfunctioning within CDS systems. Once an anomaly in alert firing is detected, it can be used to rectify and potentially fix the CDS system to make it robust and reliable. We introduce and apply four anomaly detection algorithms to estimate the dates when malfunctions and/or changes in alert firing occur. Preliminary results demonstrate successful detection of anomaly occurrences within the alert data; this carries the potential to be used for root cause analysis of such malfunctions.


The 1990 International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion (HIF) was the fifth in a series, following meetings in Darmstadt (1982), Tokyo (1984), Washington, DC (1986) and Darmstadt (1988). The meeting was sponsored by the American Physical Society and the United States Department of Energy (USDOE). It was hosted by the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL). The Proceedings of the symposium will be published as a refereed special issue of Particle Accelerators, edited by D. Judd (LBL).


After a brief evaluation of advanced SST propulsion cycles, the ability of various alternative designs to meet community noise suppression requirements during prospective international airport operations are discussed. Attention is given to the noise suppression features that may allow SST variable thermodynamic cycle engines incorporating numerous variable-geometry features to expose airport communities to noise levels no greater than those of current wide-body subsonic airliners.


to the pricing mechanism in this paper. By simulating the influence among bargainer and price of financial asset, the model can be trained to fitting pricing process in real financial market such as stock market. A proof-test suggested that the model will be available when used in price forecast in short term. Result of forecast shows that the model is effective.


Summary Ten species of scorpions belonging to three families are reported from the Lorestan Province of Iran. Of these, five species are recorded from the province for the first time: Hottentotta zagrosensis Kovařik, 1997; Mesobuthus eupeus phillipsii (Pocock, 1889); Orthochirus iranus Kovařik, 2004; Razianus zarudnyi (Birula, 1903) ; and Scorpio maurus townsendi (Pocock, 1900). One new species is described, Hottentotta lorestanus sp. n.; it can be easily distinguished from the other four species of the genus known from Iran by its coloration; it is the only Iranian species which has the entire pedipalps yellow and the metasomal segments I to IV greenish gray. Also presented is a key to all species of scorpions found in the province.


For the purpose of in-situ planetary exploration, such as chemical characterization of Martian surface materials by miniature instruments, we have developed miniature Magnetic Resonance Spectrometers (MRS) namely, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectrometers at JPL. They are; Proton-NMR spectrometer for the detection of various forms of water, i.e., free water or adsorbed water in soil or rock pores, or chemically bound water in minerals; Iron-NMR (/sup 57/Fe-MMR) for the characterization of magnetic phase minerals; EPR spectrometer for the detection of oxidant radical species in the soil, oxidation states of paramagnetic ions and chemical characterization of volatiles, e.g., carbonates, sulfates, by detection of color centers in solid or icy matrices. For these spectrometers, resonance is observed by scanning radio (NMR) or microwave (EPR) frequency at a fixed magnetic field provided by a small permanent magnet assembly. Each of the MRS is developed in two configurations; the conventional configuration with samples placed inside the MRS (internal detection mode), and the other by placing the MRS over a sample surface (external detection mode). The external detection mode does not require complex sample handling procedure and it is particularly suitable for selection of samples by a rover for planned Mars sample return missions. The miniature MRS are powered by 9 V batteries, and operated by a lap-top PC.


Aiming at the problem in evaluating support ability of equipment maintenance personnel,an ability evaluation model is designed for equipment maintenance personnel,based on the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation principle.An index system is proposed for the evaluation and a method for weight assignment.A comparison and identification matrix for the evaluation is constructed,the primary and secondary evaluation models for its support ability are presented.An example are analyzed,and the evaluation results are analyzed.The result shows that:the quality and the ration are integrated naturally by the method and an external,comprehensive,scientific and exact result is given to us.


We have shown that we can find the weights and shapes of spatial modes in a semiconductor laser. The 5 /spl mu/m stripe width laser tested had two lateral spatial modes with approximate power weights of 96% and 4%. We are developing refinements that would be useful for detecting even weaker modes.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease in elderly population. Pterostilbene (PTS) is a resveratrol analog with neuroprotective activity. However, the biological mechanisms of PTS in AD progression are largely uncertain. An animal model of AD was established using streptozotocin (STZ)‐treated C57BL/6J mice. Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) expression was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis and detected by western blotting assay. The memory impairment was investigated by Morris water maze test. The levels of Tau hyperphosphorylation and death‐related proteins were detected by western blotting analysis. The levels of amyloid β (Aβ)1–42 accumulation, oxidative stress‐related markers (ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH), and inflammation‐relative markers (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and p‐NF‐κB) were measured by ELISA. MAOB expression was increased in hippocampus of AD mice, and it was decreased by PTS. PTS attenuated STZ‐induced body weight loss and memory impairment by regulating MAOB. PTS mitigated Aβ1–42 accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation by regulating MAOB in STZ‐treated mice. PTS attenuated neuronal death by decreasing cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax levels and increasing Bcl2 expression in hippocampus by regulating MAOB in STZ‐treated mice. PTS weakened STZ‐induced oxidative stress in hippocampus by decreasing ROS and MDA levels and increasing SOD and GSH levels by regulating MAOB. PTS protected against STZ‐induced neuroinflammation in hippocampus by inhibiting TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and p‐NF‐κB levels through regulating MAOB. In conclusion, PTS alleviates STZ‐induced memory impairment, Aβ1–42 accumulation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, neuronal death, oxidative stress, and inflammation by decreasing MAOB in AD mice, proving anti‐AD potential of PTS.


Objective To explore and analyze the clinical nursing experience of interventional treatment of primary liver cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 56 cases with primary liver cancer underwent interventional therapy in our hospital. And the patients were divided into the basic nursing group and the comprehensive nursing group with28 cases in each in accordance with the random number table method. And the therapeutic and nursing effect was compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the basic nursing group, the cure rate of the comprehensive nursing group was much higher, the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower(P0.05). Conclusion For patients with primary liver cancer treated by interventional therapy, systematic comprehensive nursing measures can significantly improve the curative effect and reduce the incidence of complications, which is of great clinical significance in promoting the rehabilitation of the patients, so it is worthy of promotion.


Quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) , using the tensor L E E D approach, has been applied to determine the detailed structures for five systems in which electronegative atoms (S, P and I) interact with surfaces of (111) orientation for three face-centered cubic (fee) metals (Cu, N i and Pt). The surfaces studied are designated Cu(lll)-(V7xV7)R19.1°-S, Ni(lll)-(V7xV7)R19.1°-P, Pt(lll)-(V3xV3)R30°-I, Pt(l 1 l)-(V7xV7)R19.1°-I, and P t ( l l l ) (3x3)-I. This work aims to contribute to the development of principles for surface structural chemistry. A detailed analysis for the (A/7XA/7)R19.1° structure formed by S at the Cu( l 11) surface indicates a new structural model which corresponds to a modified version of the copper sulphide overlayer model first proposed by Domange and Oudar. The topmost layer has 3/7 monolayer each of Cu and S atoms, but the modification involves one S atom per unit mesh moving down to displace a Cu atom from the second metal layer. Relaxations among the topmost Cu atoms result in one S atom per unit mesh being effectively three-fold coordinate while the other two are six-coordinate and twelve-coordinate; the averaged S-Cu bond lengths are indicated to equal 2.19 A , 2.47 A and 2.62 A respectively. Some discussion is included of factors that may influence this choice of surface structure. For the (V7xV7)R19.1° structure formed by 3/7 monolayer of P at the N i ( l 11) surface, a novel reconstructed structure has been identified in which each P atom bonds to seven neighbouring N i atoms, four in the top layer and three in the second layer, at an average distance o close to 2.39 A . Formally this reconstruction involves three neighbouring N i atoms in a triangular arrangement per unit mesh of the original unreconstructed surface being replaced by three P atoms. A discussion is included of the structural relaxations which occur in this surface


N‐cadherin is not typically expressed by epithelial cells. However, it is detected in breast cancers and increases tumor cell migration and invasion in vitro. To explore its misexpression, we generated transgenic mice with N‐cadherin in the mammary epithelium. Mammary glands appeared normal and no tumors arose spontaneously. To investigate N‐cadherin misexpression in mammary tumors, neu was overexpressed through breeding. Tumors developed in +/neu and N‐cadherin/neu mice, although few tumors in bitransgenic mice expressed N‐cadherin, and they did not differ from N‐cadherin‐negative tumors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper, we introduced the works on the comprehansive and systematic reform of the "Electronic Tchnology Basis" course and set up the famous course in Shandong University. It mainly aims at course system, teaching methods, textbook construction and experiment teaching. Some research results are given.


In this communication we report the first preparation of ionic liquid-modified carbon nanotubes with reversibly switchable solubility between aqueous and organic solvents, induced by anion exchange.


Abstract INTRODUCTION Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumour in children. The overall outcome has improved however, this was not translated to developing nations. METHOD This was a retrospective review of patients from January 2000 to December 2017. Treatment was given using modified SIOP PNET 4 protocol: cranio spinal irradiation (CSI), a total of 54G with vincristine followed by 8 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Prior to year 2007, patients had CSI with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Those <3 years old received modified UKCCSG/SIOP CNS protocol with 2 weekly chemotherapy for a duration of 392 days followed by CSI when required. All patients had MRI brain and spine, and tissue histopathological examination but without molecular subtype. RESULTS Medulloblastoma comprised of 30% (n=31) out of total 103 brain tumour cases. Mean age at presentation was 7.6 years old (SD 4.4) with male to female ratio of 2:1. Average time of symptoms was 4.8 weeks. Majority, 77.4% was high risk and 19.4% was standard risk. There was high treatment abandonment rate (35.5%, n=11). Three patients returned and completed treatment after multiple surgeries in an average of 9 months. Three years OS and EF were 69.6% and 74.8%, respectively. Six patients aged < 3years; half had advance disease on palliative care post surgery. Other survivors had severe learning difficulty and two had second malignancy (meningioma and thyroid carcinoma) at average 15.5 years after diagnosis. CONCLUSION Strategy to reduce treatment abandonment is crucial. Moreover, multidisciplinary management and molecular stratification are important in improving the outcome.