The traditional method of identifying wood species involves manual browsing through digital wooden veneer catalogues and making a subjective judgement. This is labour intensive, and concentration problems can lead to errors. Additionally, gradual changes and changing shades due to variable light conditions are difficult for humans to detect. As an alternative, we aimed to develop an application to identify wood species using a smartphone camera, which returns the resulting species name and a corresponding high quality database wood specimen image. This computer-aided wood identification system retrieves a wood template from a digital wood database, selecting that which most closely resembles the query sample.


Press, corruption will be less tolerated, being condemned on grounds of morality and the need for efficiency. In Britain corruption was killed by the attack from the evangelicals and the Utilitarians, both being here categorised as 'religion'; their ideas informed the Victorian businessmen who learned from experience also that honesty was the best policy. The argument is clear, but are the situations of transformation comparable? Although the authors ask this, they scarcely give a completely satisfactory answer. At one point at least the remedies offered appear to cancel out. On account of the present weakness of local democracy in Africa, strong central control and inspection by the central civil service is urged. But the tendency in these countries is for the civil service to be increasingly influenced by the politicians. This surely militates against that very separation of power, wealth and status which, we are told, has been most important in ending corruption in Britain.


This paper addresses the long-standing stochastic single-vendor, multi-manufacturer inventory control problem, using simulation optimization. It is assumed that Manufacturers producing similar goods experience very high random demand; hence, safety stock of raw materials is held in reserve in their warehouses. The vendor supplying this raw material (principal ingredients) as a policy restricts shipments to multiples of full truck load. Thus, it is necessary to take replenishment decision and coordinate delivery among these manufacturers. To solve this problem, we modeled the single vendor, single manufacturer version of the problem (AlDurgam et al., 2017) using simulation optimization techniques, which was validated numerically using parameters and results from AlDurgam et al. (2017). The simulation model was modified systematically to relax the single manufacturer assumption under two distribution policies namely, joint reorder point and vendor managed inventory. These policies were evidently modeled with stringent conditions in literature. A numerical example was provided to compare the performances of the two proposed policies, and the VMI policy was found to performed better in terms of financial savings. Lastly, we investigate the robustness of the famous continuous review (Q, R) inventory policy which is widely used in the mathematical modeling of this problem, against the common cycle assumption. The coefficient of variation is thus suggested as a judgment criterion of when to embrace simulation modeling ahead of other modeling techniques.


According the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) there are 850 million international passenger arrivals each year; and according to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR), in 2008 there were 42 million refugees across the globe. The condition of mobility, in all its spatial and temporal variations is a condition of daily life in a globalized world. Even those who are lucky enough not to be forced to abandon their home are at times obliged to be away from home temporarily. A migrant who is far from his country, a seasonal worker or asylum seekers, all share a sense of displacement, more or less intense. This article addresses precisely the universe of migrants, with the aim of demonstrating that this existential condition can be alleviated and eventually 'domesticated' (albeit temporarily) thanks to the media. The article will explore the use of media on the part of migrants and the role of the media not only in temporarily connecting them to their private homes or to their public sphere of origin, but also in recreating the 'warmth' of domesticity, in other words in 'making them feel at home'. The main part of the article will attempt to partially verify this thesis by presenting the case study of a Filipino family living in Milan.


The present invention relates to a fixed mounting structure of the angle to be used if it is desired to secure the installation angle during the state not connected to the angle to the angle bolts or high-rise building construction, how to install the angle in the prior art is Slice There are ways to secure driving anchor bolts into the wall forms the main and slave, skilled workers as they are also not exactly fixed positions of a high anchor bolt difficulty of the operation, although, in the end do not have the correct horizontal position of the angle being in particular angle and an anchor bolt the fixing portion is that this can not exert not hardly functions closed end bar, the subject innovation is this that such a research to solve the conventional problems develop, the head of the fastening bolt in the internal space and the front mounting groove of the hardware for concrete embedding the plug the snap fit coupling to hang bolt yen washer and nut for angle and then fastened to the screw portion Fastened and fixed to have a fixed mounting structure provided by the angle is a solid, rigid fixing effect facilitating the installation construction of the angle, and after installing the formed angles and the main purpose for a sufficient safety and securing strength of the enabling after masonry work on the masonry there is.


conventional long range ferromagnetic order below T . The SANS measurements the existence of two characteristic length scales: one provides evidence of relatively large spin clusters, while the other is characteristic of the spin dynamics.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Understanding how plant allometry, plant architecture, and phenology contribute to fruit production can identify those plant traits that maximize fruit yield. In this study, we compared these variables and fruit yield for two shrub species, Vaccinium angustifolium and Vaccinium myrtilloides to test the hypothesis that phenology is linked to the plants' allometric traits, which are predictors of fruit production.

METHODS
We measured leaf and flower phenology and the aboveground biomass of both Vaccinium sp. in a commercial wild lowbush blueberry field (Quebec, Canada) over a two-year crop cycle; one year of pruning followed by one year of harvest. Leaf and flower phenology were measured, and the allometric traits of shoots and buds were monitored over the crop cycle. We hand-collected the fruits of each plant to determine fruit attributes and biomass.

KEY RESULTS
During the harvesting year, the leafing and flowering of V. angustifolium occurred earlier than that of V. myrtilloides. This difference was related to the allometric characteristics of the buds due to differences in carbon partitioning by the plants during the pruning year. Through structural equation modeling, we identified that the earlier leafing in V. angustifolium was related to a lower leaf bud number, while earlier flowering was linked to a lower number of flowers per bud. Despite differences in reproductive allometric traits, the vegetative biomass still determined the reproductive biomass in a log-log scale model.

CONCLUSIONS
Growing buds are competing sinks for nonstructural carbohydrates. Their differences in both number and characteristics, e.g., number of flowers per bud, influence levels of fruit production and explain some of the phenological differences observed between the two Vaccinium species. For similar aboveground biomass, both Vaccinium species had similar reproductive outputs in terms of fruit biomass, despite differences in reproductive traits such as fruit size and number.


OBJECTIVE To establish an HS-GC method for the determination of residual organic solvents including menthanol, alcohol, trichloromethane and toluene in polaprezinc. METHODS The samples were dissolved in 1 mol·L sulfuric acid solution, and this method utilized an Agilent DB-FFAP GC column, nitrogen as carrier gas. FID was used as detector with the temperature of 250 °C, and the inlet temperature was 200 °C. This method used temperature program. RESULTS The four residual organic solvents menthanol, alcohol, trichloromethane and toluene were completely separated, the 作者简介:刘峰,男,硕士生,主管药师 Tel: (028)87877145 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 通信作者:袁军,女,硕士,主任药 师 Tel: (028)87877175 E-mail: email@example.com


A from having one of the more entertaining titles for a book released this year, Joshua Hammer's The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu: And Their Race to Save the World's Most Precious Manuscripts is also an excellent source for those who wish to understand the background to the ongoing conflict in the Sahel. A journalist by background, he bases his book on the story of how locals sought to protect thousands of priceless manuscripts during the takeover of northern Mali by Tuareg nationalists and Islamist rebels in 2012. The tale of the exploits of librarian Abdul Kader Haidara and his friends reads like a modern-day thriller with bad guys and tension aplenty but is a work of non-fiction. Having spent most of his life trying to gather together these manuscripts so that they can be studied and enjoyed, the book describes the extraordinary lengths that he took to protect them from destruction after the Islamist takeover. However, this story is interwoven with a very accessible narrative history of the region, its peoples and its religion, as well as a detailed description of the context and events that led to the 2012 takeover and the subsequent French-led intervention. It is this combination that marks out The Bad-Ass Librarians as a book that manages to successfully combine both insight and entertainment. It was the British historian Hugh Trevor-Roper who in 1963 suggested that there was (at least at that time) no African history worth considering. The past 50 years have shown that to be untrue, and the rich and complex history of Timbuktu and the Sahel is a case in point. At the heart of trading routes across the Sahara, the area has been fought over regularly by peoples from the Mediterranean to the north and from the wealthy kingdoms of West Africa to the south. In the sixteenth century, it was described in a book by a Moroccan who called himself Leo Africanus as having markets full of goods from across the world, including textiles from Europe. However, it was the scholarship of the peoples of Timbuktu which truly impressed the author: at that time, about 25 per cent of the population were students who had come from as far away as the Arabian Peninsula. The king of the Songhai Empire supported this with lands and money, and with education delivered through a loose affiliation of mosques and private homes. This was reflected in the production and trade of manuscripts which were regularly featured throughout Timbuktu's history. The manuscripts themselves were prized for their splendour as well as their content. For much of the time, the practice of Islam in Timbuktu was relatively relaxed. However, occasionally rulers would adopt a more conservative position and manuscripts would then be secured away by local people for fear that they would be destroyed for being contrary to Islam. This was again the case in 2012 when northern Mali fell under the sway of the Tuareg and the jihadists. The history of the Tuareg rebellion in northern Mali stretches back to the French colonial period. Hammer's book describes how this developed in the early twenty-first century: a key feature was the increasing presence of radical Islamists, many fleeing in the aftermath of the bloody civil war in Algeria in the early 2000s. Northern Mali, like much of the Sahel, can accurately be described as ungoverned space, and this was even more so after a peace deal with the Tuareg in 1995 saw the withdrawal of the Malian armed forces from the area. Kidnapping became a primary, profitable activity for violent Islamist extremist groups. They operated relatively freely across the area despite the best efforts of the US to bolster the capabilities of local security forces. Hammer describes this period particularly well, noting the interplay between key figures in the Islamist movements and how these movements grew and fragmented. He argues convincingly that the Western intervention in Libya in 2011 was key to the outbreak of serious conflict in Mali a year later. The return of Malian Tuaregs who had been fighting for Muammar Qadhafi was accompanied by large quantities of arms and ammunitions liberated from his armouries after the Libyan leader's downfall. These were available to the jihadists as well as the Tuaregs.


Background
Solitary fibrous tumor SFT is a rare mesenchymatogenic neoplasm, with intermediate malignant potential, usually localized in pleura. Malignant transformation observed at 23% of intrathoracic SFT. We present the unusual case of a 62-year-old patient presented to our hospital with a large SFT of the lung.


This study aims to design a BIM integration model for steel building projects (BIM-DFE). It was developed in the following three phases: (i) theoretical phase, (ii) validation phase, and (iii) statistical analysis for the theoretical phase. A literature review was conducted to study the applications of BIM in steel building projects and to develop an integrated BIM process map for the construction lifecycle of steel buildings. Subsequently, in the validation phase, 32 participants were invited to complete a two-round Delphi questionnaire to validate the BIM-DFE proposal. The participants were classified according to their knowledge level (skilled or expert). Based on the literature review, a process map that integrates BIM in different phases of a steel building project was created. In the first round of the Delphi questionnaire for the validation phase, the various groups studied (skilled vs. expert) were in moderate agreement with the BIM-DFE proposal; however, after the second round, this agreement became better. Therefore, this study contributes to the current body of knowledge by providing a BIM integration model to improve the management of steel building projects as defined by critical stakeholders in the steel industry. In addition, a real-time case is presented to elucidate a part of the research contribution.


Taxation on fuels is an incentive for crime syndicates to set up smuggling and laundering groups that extract billions of dollars from the global economy every year. This crime falls into three categories, adulteration, grade swapping and tax evasion e.g. smuggling. In order to combat these crimes Authentix has developed and installed advanced microfluidic systems to test the fuel. Our system allows efficient marker testing in-field and we have demonstrated consistent extractions under a variety of conditions. Although microfluidics drives the technical engine of the testing program, our multi-million dollar success in these areas is also related to our ability to bring about legal enforcement. This is done through wide-scale testing and control programs.


This paper deals with the computational analysis of acoustic fields generated by helicopter rotors when Blade-Vortex Interactions (BVI) occur. The prediction procedure starts from the determination of the steady periodic blade deformations. Then, the BVI-affected, unsteady aerodynamics solution is obtained by a potential-flow boundary integral formulation suited for aeronautical configurations experiencing blade-wake impingements. It is applicable to blades with arbitrary shape and motion and evaluates both wake distortion and blade pressure field. Finally, the noise field radiated by the rotor is computed through an aeroacoustic tool based on the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation. The numerical investigation examines the sensitivity of BVI noise prediction on the aeroelastic model applied for the calculation of blade deformations, and assesses the accuracy of the results through correlation with experimental data concerning a helicopter main rotor in descent flight. Noise predicted is examined in terms of both acoustic pressure signatures and noise radiation characteristics.


status was observed. Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that is responsible for the inhibition of brain activity. The GABA-receptor complex in postsynaptic membrane is the prime inhibitory network in the central nervous system and is believed to play a pivotal role in HE. Flumazenil is a competitive benzodiazepine antagonist that acts on GABA receptors and counteracts the neuronal inhibition. GABAergic transmission is believed to interact with ammonia in HE.1 In a metanalysis conducted by Goulenok et al,2 it was shown that flumazenil induces clinical and electroencephalographic improvement of HE in patients with liver cirrhosis. A Cochrane systematic review and metanalysis included 14 randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of flumazenil versus placebo in HE. The study demonstrated evidence of a transient benefit of flumazenil on the manifestations of HE; however, the evidence was graded to be of low quality. Despite its beneficial effect, the use of flumazenil was not found to provide any mortality benefit in patients with HE.3 Our patient's mental status improved for a short duration after flumazenil use. Due to lack of high quality evidence, the use of flumazenil in HE is not FDA approved and remains limited at present. There is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials to establish the potential advantages or disadvantages of the use of flumazenil in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, it might be worthwhile to use this effect of flumazenil on a caseby-case basis, to facilitate bedside care and procedures. Ankit Agrawal, MD Adrian Diez, MD Divyansh Bajaj, MD Division of Internal Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Saint Peter's University Hospital New Brunswick, NJ Division of Emergency Medicine Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Saint Peter's University Hospital New Brunswick, NJ Division of Internal Medicine Quinnipiac University Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine St Vincent's Medical Center Bridgeport, CT


PT.X, a coal mining company in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, plans to use the highwall mining method to excavate marginal reserves on the final slope to maintain production. However, the stability of the slope and determination of the highwall mining dimensions are major concerns due to unfavourable rock mass conditions caused by intensive weathering and tectonics. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of highwall mining in the study area using empirical, analytical and numerical methods. The innovation of this research is the integration of these methods, which include rock mass classification, analytical calculation of load and rock support strength, 2D and 3D numerical modelling, and estimation of recovered coal from the highwall design. The initial condition assessment using rock mass classification and analytics calculation of the mining geometry model determined mine openings and pillar dimensions. Numerical modelling re-evaluated the geometry models to obtain an optimal design. The suggested optimal thickness, mine opening, web pillars, and barrier pillars are 3.20, 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00 m, respectively, with four web pillars in one panel at Seam-C and 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, and 4.00 m with four web pillars in one panel at Seam-D. The recovery of coal for Seam-C and Seam-D is estimated to be 40.54%. Deformation was found to have the closest relationship with the dimensions of the mine opening, and the safety factor is most sensitive to changes in the depth of the mine opening. This study provides a reference for future highwall mining in Indonesia and other regions with similar conditions.


Objective To evaluate growth rates of the normal person fingernail in Shanghai.Methods Using vernier caliper to measure the growth lengths of the fingernails,precisely calculated the daily growth rates.Results To compare the results of 1 333 fingernails statistically,the average daily growth rate of fingernails was 0.102±0.027 mm.The average growth rate of fingernails in male was 0.109±0.027 mm/d,which was faster than that in female:0.096±0.026 mm/d.The average growth rates of the right hand was faster than those of the left.The average growth rates in summer were faster than those in winter.The average growth rate of youngers were faster than those of the elders.The growth rate of each fingernail differs from the others.The rates of them could be counted down by middle finger,forefinger,ring finger,thumb and little finger.Conclusion Growth rate of fingernail is obviously affected by age,sex and temperature.Every fingernail has its own growth rate.


[1] As part of the International Noble Gas Experiment (INGE) two stations were deployed in remote regions at high northern latitudes: Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen, Norway (78.2°N), and Yellowknife, Canada (62.5°N). With one exception, both stations are 2000 km or more from any single known stationary nuclear facility. Nevertheless, the short-lived anthropogenic radionuclide = 5.24 days) has been detected on a regular basis at both stations, and also = 11.84 days) was found at the Yellowknife station. Measuring these very low concentrations (∼0.1 mBq/m3) has been possible because of the introduction of new and sensitive equipment developed specifically for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty. By means of atmospheric transport modeling, it was determined that the measurements at both sites are broadly consistent with reported releases from reactors in North America and Europe and that the Spitsbergen station is much more susceptible to this influence than the Yellowknife station. Especially at Spitsbergen, the simplified assumption of a continuous bulk release across Europe could well explain the month-to-month variation of the time series. A future radioxenon event classification scheme for treaty verification purposes thus needs to consider the actual meteorological situation and large-scale transport processes.


The aim of the research was comparison of clinical symptoms, respiration biomechanics indices of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. It was revealed that respiration biomechanics indices are the earliest emphysema signs of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease in the period when the structure of total lung capacity is not changed.


Abstract 3210 Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major health problem worldwide. Although a clinical diagnosis is relatively simple, specific laboratory markers of IDA are lacking especially in the setting of inflammation. Ferritin, the current standard to define IDA is an acute phase protein that is non-specifically elevated during inflammation. Serum transferrin receptor level measurements although available are not yet standardized as a clinical tool. Serum hepcidin is a recently developed novel marker that is currently neither available nor standardized sufficiently. Furthermore, such assays require instrumentation, technical sophistication, and are expensive. Objectives: We sought to identify novel markers of IDA using mass spectrometry based proteomics. Identifying such markers could yield targets that once validated could serve cost effective point of care assays to detect iron deficiency anemia. Since there is evidence for oxidative damage mediated by reactive oxygen species in IDA, as a first step, we characterized and quantified posttranslational oxidative modifications of hemoglobin and tested their utility as biomarkers. Patients and Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with IDA (defined as ferritin Results: Using a combination of mass spectrometric methods, we identified 4 oxidative modifications of hemoglobin in patients with IDA and healthy controls (Table 1). Interestingly, a non enzymatic posttranslational modification of hemoglobin, glutathionyl hemoglobin, was found to be significantly increased in IDA patients compared with healthy controls (Glutathionyl hemoglobin % of beta chain; mean ± SD 0.169 ± 0.096 vs 0.077 ± 0.037; p = 0.001). Markers of oxidative stress (reduced RBC glutathione) were lower in IDA compared to healthy controls but the difference was not significant (mean ± SD 0.92 ± 0.53 vs 1.08 ± 0.52 mmol/L; p = 0.54). Glutathionyl hemoglobin levels correlated inversely with serum ferritin (Spearman rho -0.485; p Conclusions: Using two distinct proteomic methods, we identified oxidative posttranslational modifications of hemoglobin in IDA and healthy controls. Glutathionyl hemoglobin, an established marker of oxidative stress was elevated in patients with IDA and correlated inversely with serum ferritin. Overall, these findings suggest that glutathionyl hemoglobin has potential as a biomarker of IDA. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


A simple configuration for the linear homodyne detection of fast phase modulation in the presence of relatively slow polarisation/phase drift in the signal beam is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It uses adaptive photodetectors which are based on principles of dynamic photorefractive holographic recording (two-wave mixing or photo-EMF effect).


This article by Enrique de Alba and Manuel Mendoza extends Foresight's previous coverage of methods for forecasting seasonal data when the historical series is short (less than 2-3 years of data). The authors describe and illustrate a Bayesian method for seasonal data and show that it can outperform traditional time series methods for short time series. Copyright International Institute of Forecasters, 2007


Traditionally the trade has been recognized for its structuring role of urban practices and its ability to create centres of attraction that give rise to new urban landscapes. Besides, it must be added the double role contributing towards meeting the requirements of the population, both those needs to consuming goods, and the ones concerned with the desire to occupy leisure time. The aim of this work is to verify the synergies that are established between the enjoyment of the time of leisure and the commercial practices that are carried out in the city of Murcia. For it we have made use of survey, obtaining this way results that we present as much from a quantitative as qualitative point of view.


A major concern in Western Europe and especially in Germany is that inflows of workers will occur with the EU eastern enlargement, and they will be net beneficiaries of the domestic social security systems. We introduce a model and present evidence by comparing pension systems in the main source and target countries (Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic; Germany) that shows that immigrants most likely have to face a burden from entering the German pension system. Only if the total number of immigrants is sufficiently large may the burden change into a gain. We conclude that if migration takes place it will do so despite – not because of – the existence of the pension systems.


In this study six wooden Stevenson screen configurations (five aspirated, one non‐aspirated) were evaluated at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments in Egbert, Ontario, Canada. The field experiment was performed over a 1‐year period to evaluate aspirated and non‐aspirated Stevenson screen configurations used at the Meteorological Service of Canada's Automated Weather Stations. The results show the non‐aspirated screen is warmer than the aspirated screen duct location by 0.11 °C on average with a significant increase in the maximum daily temperature of 0.22 °C due to radiant heating effects. Temperature differences up to 2.1 °C were observed between the aspirated and non‐aspirated screens with a mean increase of 0.46 °C following 30‐min periods of mean global radiation greater than 200 W/m2 and mean wind speed less than 2 m/s. Temperature differences between the two screens are more variable with standard deviations up to 0.3 °C for wind speeds below 2 m/s. The maximum daily temperature for the historic minimum and maximum thermometer locations and upper regions of the aspirated screen is also found to be significantly warmer during radiant heating conditions. The three locations within the aspiration duct provided very similar results with mean differences of −0.02 and −0.01 °C below the probe uncertainty. The aspirated Stevenson screen with motor off produced low overall bias with lower maximum daily temperatures and higher minimum daily temperatures compared to the aspirated screen. Comparison between the historic wooden frame and new aluminium mounting is not significant with the wooden frame cooler by 0.02 °C overall. Differences between the new aluminium and new plastic ducts showed similar results of 0.02 and 0.01 °C overall. The aspirated Stevenson screen configuration is recommended at new Automatic Weather Station installations where AC power is available.


The diffraction efficiencies of binary-optics lenses with low f/#'s deviate from predictions of scalar diffraction theory. To increase the diffraction efficiencies for low f/#'s, vector diffraction theory is necessary. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of a 30 x 50 array of f/1 binary-optics microlenses using direct-write electron-beam lithography and reactive-ion etching. The diameter of each lens is 160 μm, and the focal length is 165 μm. The center-to-center spacing between the lenses is 300 μm, and they are fabricated in fused silica. The measured diffraction efficiency for an elliptical Gaussian beam is 80% for lenses designed using vector diffraction theory and 63% for lenses designed using scalar diffraction theory.


An Indium-111 labeled white blood cell scan suggested the presence of a pelvic abscess in a woman at four weeks postpartum. This was not identified on a subsequent gallium scan. This discrepancy can be attributed to the normal accumulation of white blood cells within the uterus at one month postpartum.


The editorial team and the Scientists of Tomorrow (http://www.escardio.org/The-ESC/ESC-Young-Community/Scientists-of-Tomorrow) are proud to launch Cardiovascular Research Onlife, the online platform that will link Cardiovascular Research with the wider scientific community. This new initiative aims to stimulate exchange of knowledge between the basic cardiovascular science community, the clinical cardiologists and scientists in other, noncardiovascular but relevant fields of science. Onlife will highlight new ideas and provide views on what's going on in the cardiovascular field and outside, brought by the Scientists of Tomorrow together with the editorial team of Cardiovascular Research.


Contributors Introduction Part I. Normative Reasons for Belief: 1. How to be a teleologist about epistemic reasons Asbjorn Steglich-Petersen 2. Is there reason to be theoretically rational? Andrew Reisner 3. Epistemic motivation: towards a metaethics of belief Veli Mitova 4. Error theory and reasons for belief Jonas Olson 5. Can reasons for belief be debunked? Nishi Shah Part II. Reasons and Epistemic Justification: 6. Reasons and the justification of belief Clayton Littlejohn 7. Perception, generality and reasons Hannah Ginsborg 8. Immediate warrant, epistemic responsibility, and Moorean dogmatism Adam Leite 9. Primitively rational belief-forming practices Ralph Wedgwood 10. What does it take to 'have' a reason? Mark Schroeder 11. Knowledge and reasons for belief Alan Millar 12. What is the swamping problem? Duncan Pritchard.


It was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that the tribes of Syria encountered the forces of sedentarization. The re-assertion of Ottoman central authority coupled with the growth of a market-oriented economy, connected to the spread of cash-cropping, pushed the frontiers of settlement in Syria eastward. A modernized Ottoman army supported by the extension of railroads and other means of rapid communications increased the State's control over the margins of cultivation. The nomadic invasions of the eighteenth century, which had approached the Mediterranean coast, were halted and driven backwards, as vast new areas were conquered and put under the plow. The Government manipulated the Ottoman Land Code of 1858 to encourage and assist settlers in their agricultural pursuits by granting special privileges on State domains, such as tax exemptions and remissions. As large shifts of pastoral and sedentarized populations occurred, the ancient barriers between the desert and the sown were gradually lowered. Conditions of settled life became less precarious. Eventually more and more tribes switched from pastoralism to cultivation, creating greater security in the countryside. Beduins and peasants began to co-exist, sometimes harmoniously.' One important outcome of the movement towards tribal sedentarization in Syria (and elsewhere in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire) was the transformation of the tribal shaykh from 'patriarch' into profit-seeking landlord, and his tribesmen into cultivators on the shaykh's lands. Old tribal loyalties faced erosion as conditions of life for the tribe changed dramatically. The most common and peaceful method employed by the Ottoman State to sedentarize large tribes was to award their paramount shaykhs either the income from nearby villages or the title deeds to lands. Normally it did not take long before the shaykh managed to register the villages, from which he now derived an income, in his own name. The usual pattern was for the shaykh to transform part of his tribe into tillers on his lands.2 Several prominent tribal shaykhs secured title deeds to vast tracts of land in the latter half of the nineteenth century, which they passed on to their sons and grandsons. For example, Jad'an ibn Muhayid of the Wuld Fad'an, which had entered Dayr alZur in the seventeenth century, was awarded the income from twenty villages southeast of Aleppo in 1870. Ostensibly, the Ottoman government was rewarding Jad'an for fighting the Rwalah Beduin on its behalf. In fact, the


In this work, MoS2 nanosheets were obtained successfully using the liquid phase exfoliation method assisted by formamide solvothermal treatment. The exfoliation efficiency in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was enhanced by the synergetic effect of easier intercalation of polar solvent and higher repulsive force of the treated bulk MoS2. The exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets were assembled alternately with H3Mo12O40P (PMo12) into a multilayer heterostructure by the layer-by-layer (LBL) method, in which PMo12 with high electron mobility bridges the adjacent catalytically active MoS2 layers. Based on the heterostructure, the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution was substantially enhanced over multilayer MoS2 nanosheets alone. Moreover, it was found that the electrocatalytic performance was influenced by the layer number, indicating that an optimum balance between the mass transfer (MoS2 layer) and electron conductivity (PMo12 layer) was needed for the construction of efficient electrocatalysts. In addit...


As one of those who took part in the recognition of histamine in nature and in the first detailed examination of its intense physiological activities, I shall try to avoid the temptation to be unduly reminiscent. I may just remind you that at that time, nearly 40 years ago, much interest in circles concerned with experimental pathology was centred on the syndrome of the anaphylactic reaction and on the curious differences which it presented in the different species. You can imagine that Laidlaw and I (Dald and Laidlaw, 1910, 1911) had to discipline our eagerness as we examined one by one the actions of histamine on the different organs and systems of the dog and the guinea-pig in particular, and found them fitting neatly, like units of a jigsaw puzzle, into the contrasting pictures of the anaphylactic reactions in those two species as others had then recently described them. Biedl and Kraus (1910) had already drawn attention to the close correspondence-even closer, in fact-between the contrasted reaetions of the normal dog and guinea-pig to intravenous Witte's peptone and those of the anaphylactic dog and guinea-pig to the reinjection of the antigen. I well remember Biedl's account of this at the International Physiological Congress in Vienna in 1910; and my own decription later in the same programme of the newly discovered and, except for a few points, identical effects of histamine on the same two species. There was, of course, an obvious probability that a correspondence at so many points would have some significance, but it was difficult to guess just what it might mean. It certainly did not mean, what some were too ready to assume, that histamine was the hypothetical " anaphylatoxin" of which there was then so much talk, as a poison supposed to be liberated in the blood by some kind of enzymatic cleavage of the reinjected antigen; for there were features of the anaphylactic and peptone shocks which were not represented in the actions of histamine, such as the gross swelling of the liver and the failure of the shed blood to clot, and Laidlaw and I thought, and said, that these gaps must be taken into account in any discussion of the meaning of the general correspondence. That, of course, is ancient history, and a great deal has happened since to clarify what was then obscure. Fortunately there have been several most valuable reviews of the all too abundant literature. I may mention the monograph of Feldberg and Schilf in 1930, Gaddum's (1936) monograph on vasodilator substances, and quite recently a review-lecture by Gaddum (1948), full of suggestive thought, dealing chiefly with later and contemporary work. Let me just indicate what seem to me a few of the landmarks of progress on the way to the present position, and then mention certain outstanding problems which seem to be


Hydrogen is a clean fuel alternative to fossil fuels, and it is vital to develop catalysts for its efficient activation and production. We investigate the reaction mechanism of H2 activation in an aqueous solution by the recently developed NiFe complex (Ogo et al. Sci. Adv. 2020, 6, eaaz8181) using density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Our computational results showed that H2 is activated using frustrated Lewis pair. That is, H2 binds to the Fe site of the NiFe complex, acting as a Lewis acid, while the added buffer, acting as Lewis base, abstracts protons to form a hydride complex. Furthermore, the higher basicity in the proton abstraction reaction characterises reaction more exergonic and lowers the reaction barrier. In addition, in the proton abstraction by the water molecule, the reaction barrier was lowered when anion such as Cl− is in the vicinity of the water. Understanding the chemical species that contribute to the catalytic process in cooperation with the metal catalyst at the atomic level should help to maximise the function of the catalyst.


The electrical breakdown properties of Cu-Cr contact materials with different RE content under 10 Pa vacuum condition were studied.Breakdown mechanism of Cu-Cr contact materials with different RE content were analyzed through comparing the variation of microstructure and hardness.The results show that RE can make the grain finer and increase the dielectric strength.0.20%RE addition made the grain finer than 0.06%RE did and increased the dielectric strength and hardness more obviously,so 0.20%RE addition made the contact material to be interruppted more easily.


In 1999, Matthew Pustz offered the world an ambitious look at comic book fandom, with the stated aim of examining the conflict between mainstream and alternative comics readers; he does this, but he also simultaneously illuminates the often-hidden world of comics culture as a whole. In many ways, Pustz's book is now dated because such significant change has happened in the world of comic culture in the last decade. For example, he states that 'American society simply does not respect comic book reading' (p. 6), and while this was certainly true in 1999, it is significantly less true in 2011. However, Pustz's Comic Book Culture still stands as a critically important text that reveals a 'secret' world of comic geeks in a time when it seemed his audience would have been largely the geeks who knew about it already and a handful of Gen-X college readers. The book serves as an insightful read about a subculture that is less 'sub' and more just lacking in outward appearances. His methodology is distinctly appropriate to the topic: if you want to know comic culture and examine its various idiosyncrasies, you have to go to the comic store and talk to those people yourself. And he does this, largely from a comics shop in Iowa City, Iowa called Daydreams. Pustz's journalistic sensibility lends itself easily here to the topic and provides a touchstone from chapter to chapter (mostly) for the reader who may not be so in-the-know in this field. While the text as a whole is often repetitive, the chapter layout also permits multiple isolated readings. Chapter one begins at Daydreams with the premise that 'The comic book shop is a meeting place, like the clubhouse at a country club or a small-town barbershop. It is a place for commerce, but, more importantly, it is a place for culture' (p. 9, italics added). Also at issue is the conflict between mainstream (think superheroes) and alternative (think Watchmen) comics, and this debate also dates the book somewhat. Like most things deemed initially as 'alternative', so-called alternative comics are now mainstream themselves – Watchmen was a large-scale Hollywood movie in 2009 – and many diehard superhero fans are also reading these texts now without a sense of divided loyalties. Chapter two provides a now widely-accepted view of the history of comics, but also reveals a small problem with the book, which is that the intended audience in this chapter becomes a bit unclear. While Pustz seems to want to let his readers in on a 'secret' to some extent, the history chapter assumes, with its perpetual references to comics and names, that the reader already has a firm grounding in the subject. Chapter three examines the readers themselves and provides a lengthy discussion of the term 'fanboy', best described by Pustz himself as 'comic book readers who take what they read much too seriously' (p. 71). He asserts that, much like 'Trekkie' culture, comic culture has its own language and fierce debate about its subject matter. Like those who are deemed 'Trekkies' feel that the term is either derogatory or a badge of honour, Pustz delineates how the comic term 'fanboy' works in similar fashion and is probably most easily illustrated by Comic Book Guy on The Simpsons – the snobby and disdainful


CHAPTER 1: A general introduction to olefin
metathesis is given. Highlights include a historical perspective of
the development of olefin metathesis and a detailed discussion of
group VI imido alkylidene catalysts. CHAPTER 2: Monosiloxide and
disiloxide complexes have been prepared through the addition of
silanols to Mo(NR)(CHCMe 2Ph)(pyrrolyl) 2 species (R = 1 -adamantyl
(Ad) or 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3 (Ar)). The silanols employed include
(t-Bu)3SiOH (Hsilox), (i-Pr)3SiOH, (Me3Si)3SiOH, (t-Bu-0)3SiOH,
Me2(t-Bu)SiOH, and Ph 3SiOH. The mono(silox) complex, Mo(NAr)(CHCMe
2Ph)(silox)(pyrrolyl) .(2a), could be isolated, while
Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(silox)(pyrrolyl) was observed in situ but could
not be crystallized. Reaction of Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(OTf) 2(DME)
with (silox)Li(THF) resulted in the formation of
Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(silox)(OTf) (3). Disiloxides that could be
crystallized include Mo(NAd)(CHCMe 2Ph)(Silox)2 (1b),
Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)[OSi(SiMe3)3]2 (5), Mo(NAd)(CHCMe 2Ph)[OSi(O-t-Bu)
3]2 (6), and Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)[OSiMe2(t-Bu)] 2 (7); other
disiloxide examples could be observed in situ, but could not be
crystallized. Compound 2a reacts readily with (CF 3)Me2COH,
(CF3)2MeCOH, (CF 3)2CHOH, ArOH, C6F5OH, (-)-menthol, and
(-)-borneol to give compounds of the type Mo(NAr)(CHCMe
2Ph)(silox)(OR) (4a-g) in situ. No reaction was observed upon
heating of lb under 5 atm of ethylene at 120 *C in toluene-d8 ;
only at 240 'C in o-dichlorobenzene-d4 did lb react with ethylene
to yield CH2=CHCMe2Ph, but the Mo-containing product could not be
identified. Compound 2a reacts with ethylene at 120 'C to give
Mo(NAr)(CH2)(silox)(pyr), while 4a-e react with ethylene at -60 'C;
methylene species could be observed in several cases but could not
be isolated. X-ray studies were carried out for lb and 2a. CHAPTER
3: Molybdenum imido alkylidene complexes which may be used as
precursors for the in situ generation of molybdenum olefin
metathesis catalysts are presented. Reaction of Mo(NR)(CHCMe
2Ph)(OTf)2(DME) (R = 1-adamantyl (Ad) or 2,6-i-Pr 2C6H3 (Ar)) with
two equivalents of Li(ind) (ind = indolide) results in the
formation of Mo(NR)(CHCMe 2Ph)(ind)2 (R = Ar, 1; Ad, 2). Unlike
other molybdenum complexes of nitrogen containing heterocyclic
ligands, 1 and 2 react productively with olefins. 1 and 2 react
with alcohols to give previously characterized bisalkoxide olefin
metathesis catalysts. Reaction of Li(3,5-R 2-pyrazolide) (R = t- Bu
or Ph, R2pz) with Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(OTf) 2(DME) yields
Mo(NAr)(CHCMe 2Ph)(3,5- R2pz)2 (R = t-Bu, 5; Ph, 6) in good yields.
These complexes react with alcohols or the surface silanols of
silica, to yield respectively bisalkoxy and surface monosiloxy
olefin metathesis catalysts. The benzyl complexes Mo(NR)(CHCMe
2Ph)(CH2Ph)2 (R = Ar, 7; Ad, 8; Ar" = 9) have been prepared and
structurally characterized. These complexes react with alcohols and
phenols to give either monobenzyl monoalkoxide(aryloxide) species
or trialkyl alkoxide(aryloxide) complexes. Additionally, several
species that were found to not be precursors for the in situ…


The decision to recuse presents Supreme Court justices with a no-win choice between preserving legitimacy and risking the possibility of an evenly divided vote. A recent proposal would allow retired justices to serve when a justice is absent to help alleviate this tension. Here, we examine the potential implications of this proposal using more than 60 years of unique counterfactual data. Our results suggest that replacement justices could have changed the policy set by the Court in only a small subset of cases and, more importantly, could have helped the Court avoid more than a quarter of their even divisions.


Currently, functional nanocomposites consisting of multiple therapy properties have attracted significant attention in the development of anticancer therapeutic agents. Herein, an enzyme and pH-responsive nanocomposite was constructed for sensitive intracellular drug release and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The nanocarrier, about 75 nm in size, is composed of an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP, NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4) core and mesoporous silica shell doped with chlorine e6 (Ce6) (UCNP@mSiO2-Ce6). Then, the sensitive linker succinic acid–glycine–phenylalanine–leucine–glycine (SGFLG) was prepared and grafted on to the nanovehicle to encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The in vitro release kinetics was studied to reveal the sensitive DOX release, depending on the enzyme (cathepsin B) concentration and pH value. To further ensure the targeting of the tumor tissue, transferrin (Tf) was grafted, and then cellular uptake/release studies were carried out using HeLa as a model cancer cell and L02 (normal liver cell) as the control. The enhanced cytotoxicity towards HeLa over L02 cells is ascribed to the excess expression of Tf receptors, high concentration of cathepsin B, and the lower pH environment in cancer cells. In addition, under NIR irradiation, the visible light emission could excite Ce6 to generate reactive oxygen and to achieve PDT, which is associated with sensitive chemotherapy to further improve the specific cytotoxicity. The novel nanoplatform has potential application in cancer treatment.


Abstract. Infrared and visible light image fusion is an important issue in the field of infrared technology. A variational model based on saliency preservation is proposed to help fusion process for infrared and visible light image by enhancing the saliency information of source images. The proposed variational model is composed by the weighted fusion term and the gradient fusion term. A weight function constructed by the saliency map of the source images is proposed to form the weighted fusion term. While in the gradient fusion, the target gradient is obtained by the maximum eigen-value and corresponding eigen-vector of the weighted structure tensor that also contains the salient information of the source images. Experimental results indicate that the proposed variational model better emphasizes the target information of the source images and outperforms other state-of-the-art fusion methods in both aspects of subjective visual and objective performance.


Purpose: The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of osteoporosis and changes in bone mass with increasing age and compare bone health status of apparently healthy men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women in diyala province. Methods: Data were collected according to questioners in 773 apparently healthy Iraqi adults (women = 736 men=37), 20->80 years of age, in a cross-sectional study in baquba city, Iraq. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by quantitative ultra sound device named osteo PRO at calcaneal bone. Individuals were classified as having osteoporosis


Qiang people belong to one of the oldest peoples in China.Under the impact of the social changes and modern sports,Qiang people's traditional sports are faced with great challenges.This paper introduces the tradtional military culture,religious culture,rituals and traditional sports of the Qiang people and analyzes the roles of Qiang people's traditional sports in the traditional Qiang culture.


BITTNER, RICHARD JOHN. Investigating the Mechanism of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt, Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, in Tobacco Cultivars. (Under the direction of Dr. Asimina Mila). Bacterial wilt, also known as Granville wilt (GW), is a destructive disease of many crops, including tobacco. Use of resistant cultivars is one of the most effective means to reduce losses from Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), but little is known about the mechanism of resistance in tobacco. It has been shown that the severity of bacterial wilt in resistant tomato cultivars increases when temperature is above 28oC. We examined the effect of temperature on resistance to Rs using six tobacco cultivars. Level of resistance of cultivars K346, Speight 168, NC 71, K326, RJR15, and RJR75 were compared at 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35oC under controlled conditions. Four strains of Rs, isolated from tobacco plants in North Carolina in 2008, were used. The highest GW incidence was observed in all cultivars at 30 and 35oC 18 days after inoculation. No disease symptoms were observed when plants were incubated at 10 and 15oC. Plants from different temperatures were placed in 30oC for an additional 18 days. Disease symptoms were observed on all cultivars at the end of this period regardless of the temperature in which they were incubated during the initial days 0 to 18. Temperature (P<0.0001), cultivar (P<0.0001), and strain (P<0.0001) were significant factors explaining disease incidence, measured as area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The same six cultivars were evaluated in on-farm trials and their resistance to Rs under these natural conditions was quantified with the use of disease index (DI) assesments, a modification of AUDPC. To investigate if temperature has an effect on resistance to Rs under natural conditions, similar to the results obtained under controlled conditions, cumulative Degree-Days (DD) were calculated with three thresholds (DD25 oC, DD28 oC, and DD30oC) and regressed against DI. Cumulative DD30oC had no significant effect (P=0.0657) on the DI of any of the cultivars studied. However, cumulative DD28oC had a significant effect on the DI for cultivars: K346, NC71, RJR15, and RJR75. Lastly, cumulative DD25oC had a significant effect on the DI of all cultivars. The growth of the four Rs strains, measured as colony forming units per ml, was examined at 10, 20, and 30oC. Temperature (P<0.0001) had a significant effect on Rs growth. Rs strains incubated at 10 and 20oC grew at these suboptimal temperatures. Based on our results we hypothesize that temperature affects not only the growth of the pathogen but also its interaction with tobacco. The mechanism of resistance in the same six cultivars was further studied by histological studies, with the use of a Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) strain AW1-gfp38 – that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP). Bacteria were observed using fluorescent microscopy. Bacterial infection was studied at 10, 20, and 30°C. When incubated at 30°C, low resistance cultivars K326 and RJR15 had the highest number of observed stem infections. At 20°C most infections were latent. Between 0.5 and nine days after inoculation the low resistance cultivars K326 and RJR15 had the most plants with vascular tissue infections. After nine days all six cultivars had similar levels of vascular infection, however. When incubated at 10°C, bacteria rarely progressed into the secondary root xylem vessels. The effect of temperature (10, 20, and 30°C) on Rs strain AW1-gfp38 growth was studied in culture. Temperature (P<0.0001) had a significant effect on Rs growth. Rs strain AW1-gfp38 incubated at 20 and 30°C had similar growth rates. When incubated at 10°C, the bacterial population significantly decreased each day of observation. Based on our studies we suggest that the mechanism of resistance to Rs in flue-cured tobacco cultivars is associated with plant tolerance of latent root infections. Discovery of these latent root infections in new tobacco cultivars can be used to advance tobacco breeding programs. Investigating the Mechanism of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt, Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, in Tobacco Cultivars by Richard John Bittner A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science


Malware Attribute Enumeration and Characterization (MAEC) is a standardized language and format being formulated in cooperation with industry, government and academia for use in attribute-based malware characterization. MAEC is composed of a set of attribute enumerations, a schema, and a standard output format for the transport and communication of MAEC-encoded data. MAEC is being developed by MITRE under the sponsorship of DHS NCSD and others and will be part of MITRE's Making Security Measurable (MSM) effort.


Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the known risk factors of antenatal depression focusing on the woman's intrapersonal and interpersonal characteristics, particularly her early experience of the parent–child relationship. Background: Starting from a psychodynamic view, where pregnancy is regarded as a period of normal maturational crisis which under unfavourable conditions may lead to psychopathological conditions, it may be important to outline which factors adversely affect the resolution of this phase. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional survey; a series of questionnaires were administered to a sample of Italian, nulliparous and low risk pregnant women to evaluate depression, anxiety, parental bonding and variables concerning the wellbeing of the woman including the quality of relationships with important people in her life. Results: Logistic regression analysis confirmed the role of several known risk factors of antenatal depression (i.e. concurrent anxiety, the presence of stressful events) and yielded two new findings: a relationship characterised by affectionless-control with the mother in childhood and having experienced a mother who had miscarried. Conclusion: The results underline the relevance of the early mother-daughter relationship in the pregnant woman's intrapsychic reorganization of motherhood, emphasising the importance of preventive psychological management as part of prenatal care.


Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease caused by an excess of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia), due to the inability of insulin to perform its functions. It is, innumerable times, related to obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease that can have devastating effects on multiple organ systems. With this, the objective of the present study was to carry out a systematic review about the effectiveness of the practice of physical activity in the control of glycemia in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus. For this review, searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and MEDLINE. The following descriptors were used in Portuguese and Spanish: diabetes mellitus, exercise, type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 252 articles were found with the descriptors mentioned, of which, after the selection process, 13 articles remained for full reading, of which 7 met all the inclusion criteria. Data collection was restricted to clinical research carried out with human beings of both genders in the last 5 years (2015 to 2020). The literature points out as the main form of managing diabetes mellitus, aerobic physical exercise of moderate intensity, which causes positive changes in glycemic control and cardiovascular response.


The article considers the reasons of inefficient modernization of industrial enterprises. The above statistics confirm the need for a qualitative transformation of technological processes and approaches in the organization and management of production enterprises. Primarily this is due to technical and moral condition of fixed assets and the level of innovation in enterprises. The authors identified several major causes of the problem (inefficient) industrial modernization, which also explains the weak and the dynamics of modernization processes in Russia. The problem is due to how ineffective the actions of the heads of enterprises and factors of external environment. The authors see the solution of the mentioned problems in several directions related to the activities of state bodies and improvement actions of the management of enterprises.


This note proposes a new proof and new perspectives on the so-called Elliptical Potential Lemma. This result is important in online learning, especially for linear stochastic bandits. The original proof of the result, however short and elegant, does not give much flexibility on the type of potentials considered and we believe that this new interpretation can be of interest for future research in this field.


Abstract The edited diary of a surveyor, fumbling towards a simple, but rigorous method for the simultaneous calibration of the scale factor, zero constant and cyclic error of an E.D.M. instrument.


The way in which criminology is 'practised' is open for continuous assessment. DiCristina (1995: xi) suggests that criminological inquiry is more than a question of logic and that questions of aesthetics and morality are just as important - especially since the boundaries separating logic, aesthetics and morality are often blurred. In DiCristina's (1995: xi) view some questions lead to pertinent questions that require serious reflection.


It is a rectangular flight detector (41, 117, 124, 143, 144, 145) proposed that a conductive converter (46) for emitting and accelerating secondary electrons, an at least one magnet (47) formed magnetic field for deflecting the secondary electrons in a includes a right angle and a sealed photomultiplier (26). It is expected that the detector provides extended resource and a dynamic range and in close assemblies MR-TOF MS can be mounted as shown.


The term alternate sewers means those used where neither conventional gravity sanitary sewers will suffice, nor will the septic tank/leach field system. In such situations, usually one of four alternates is chosen: the STEP (septic tank and effluent pumping), the Grinder-Pump system, the small diameter gravity sewer (with sewage flowing by gravity) and the vacuum sewer. This article describes the growing popularity of the four classes, since 1977 when Congress and EPA provided incentives, and says the operating and maintenance problems and costs do not seem to be excessive in well-conceived and run systems. In October 1986 the Water Pollution Control Federation was scheduled to publish the nation's first generic manual of practice, \IAlternate Sewer Systems.\N The other major hurdle to widespread, everyday use, is for state environment agencies, and consulting firms, to become familiar with them.


This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bioelectrics Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Repository Citation Cobb, Dustin; Guo, Sigi; and Smeltz, Ronald B., "CpG and Interleukin-15 Synergize to Enhance IFN-gamma Production by Activated CD8(+) T Cells" (2013). Bioelectrics Publications. Paper 47. http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/bioelectrics_pubs/47


Filling one kind of glass frit coating method, applied to thermocouple sensor assembly, comprising a housing, through contact with the porcelain tube within the housing, and the thermocouple wire disposed within the ceramic tube, a coating method comprising the steps of: a mixing step, the glass epoxy hybrid powder and gel-forming mixture; coating step, the mixture was uniformly coated on the surface of the ceramic tube of the gum; drying step, drying at room temperature or heat drying; grinding step, the cured layer surface grinding shaft ; assembling step of grinding the cured layer ceramic tube insertion good access housing; after the sintering step, the cured layer of the high-frequency sintering, sintered glass frit between the shell and uniformly adhered to the porcelain. Filling glass frit coating method using the present invention, a small gap or region between the structural complexity of the coated glass frit between the porcelain tube and the housing, the housing can also ceramic tube coated with the glass frit, the glass frit coated by after sintering the ceramic tube and the interior surface of the housing uniformly adhered, ceramic tube, thermocouple wire and fixed to the housing effectively.


In this study, to aim at developing a sense of responsibility attitude scale. In this context, Primary 8 a sense of responsibility was to determine attitudes of students who are receiving education in the classroom. In order to find the functional items among the 44 items in the trial form of 5 -point Likert type "Sense of Responsibility Scale Development", item-total correlations were estimated. As a result of this estimation, 21 items to be used in the final form of the scale were determined. The trial for of the scale was administered on 240 students from two Primary schools with 155 and 85 students respectively in Erzincan city center. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for item-total correlation for the final scale was estimated as .78 ( p> .60).


1. A group of 9 cases is presented in which there is a blending of schizophrenic and affective symptoms. 2. The psychosis is characterized by a very sudden onset in a setting of marked emotional turmoil with a distortion of the outside world and presence of false sensory impressions in some cases. The psychosis lasts a few weeks to a few months and is followed by a recovery. 3. Our patients are young people, in the twenties or thirties, in excellent physical health, in whom there is usually a history of a previous attack in late adolescence. 4. The prepsychotic personalities of our patients show the usual variation found in any group of people. 5. A good social and industrial adjustment, the presence of a definite and specific environmental stress, the interest in life and its opportunities, and the absence of any passivity or withdrawal are some of the factors favoring recovery.


Background Food intolerance in adults is mostly associated with vague symptoms and not clearly related to atopy and food allergy. A combination of different pathogenetic mechanisms may be responsible for the symptoms.


In this paper, the implementation of a time-recursive algorithm for the calculation of the cepstrum transform is presented. The presented algorithm is mapped on a FPGA-based reconfigurable board which uses CORDIC structures to compute rotations and vectoring functions. The high performance of the system which arises from its inherent parallelism, makes it ideal for multi-channel audio applications. Furthermore, it is envisaged that more complex time-recursive algorithms can also be implemented on the presented CORDIC-based board. The implementation is fully parametric due to the proper selection of the algorithm and the flexibility that the board offers.<<ETX>>


The Covid-19 pandemic has a major impact on exclusive breastfeeding. The aims of the study was to identify factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding during the Covid-19 pandemic based on empirical studies of the last 2 years. The research design uses a literature review. The data source uses Elsevier, BMC, and Scholar databases with topics published in Indonesian and English for 2 years (2020–2021). The review method uses journal searches according to the PICOS framework with keywords that match the writing. Journals are selected by journal selection and abstracts with inclusion and exclusion criteria so that journals are found that can be reviewed. The results of the study stated that the role of breastfeeding counselors, knowledge, psychology, family support, lockdown, and rooming in, family resilience, breastfeeding experience, maternal health status, and promotion of formula milk influenced exclusive breastfeeding. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding during the Covid-19 pandemic are the role of counselors, knowledge, psychology, family resilience, rooming in, family support, mother's experience, lockdown, promotion of formula milk, and maternal health conditions based on the last 2-year empirical study.


The emerging technology demands high speed data.5G will provide unbelievable fast broadband speed and capacity to perform every function without drop in connection.The design of microstrip array antenna at 28GHz with EBG structure can meet the demand required by our next generations.The performance and advantages of microstrip patch antennas such as low weight,low profile and low cost made them a perfect choice for 5G application.The main objective of this research is to design the microstrip array antenna with electromagnetic band gap at 28GHz.However in arraying an antenna surface wave current and mutual coupling will naturally occur as one of electromagnetic phenomena between radiating element,which will degrade the gain and antenna performance.The focus of this project is about the Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure which is used to suppress the side lobe and increase the gain to enhance the antenna performance. The EBG structure is integrated with the microstrip array antenna in CST Simulation Tools.The type of EBG structure and the best arrangement and number of EBG structure integrated with microstrip array antenna were investigated.For the antenna array,the presence of EBG reduces the mutual coupling between two radiating elements.Thus,the final result should be more than 16.5 dB according to the standard ITU-R WP 5D which specify for 5G application.


In order to accurately determine the weights of hierarchical structure and earthquake damage mode of railway concrete girder bridges and provide a basis for the earthquake disaster damage assessment of railway bridges,this paper was based on analysing the construction features of the railway concrete girder bridges and destructive characteristic of seismic damage and proposed a method,which was to layer various kinds railway concrete girder bridges.It adopted several scales in the analytic hierarchy process,where the judgment matrix was built,the weights of railway concrete girder bridges parts were calculated,compared and analysed.It is found that consistency of 20/2~28/2 index scale is best,namely this index scale is most suitable to calculate the weights of hierarchical structure and earthquake damage mode of railway concrete girder bridges.


This supremely ambitious and questing text is without doubt dense, yet it is bracing and clearsighted, and a most welcome corrective to the wearisome distrust of theorizing and philosophy encountered too often amongst information professionals. The book is also a compelling portrait of the mind of Ronald Day, and it is a restless, agile, and potent mind. The overall approach is of such a fundamental questioning that there are moments when the reader feels that no sooner is a concept raised than it is problematized; it is thus invigorating, even inspiring, and yet occasionally exhausting. It is perhaps in response to this sense that an excess of waymarking paragraphs has been inserted, with repeated précis of coming sections, warning the reader of the road ahead. One wonders whether a mildly bewildered editor insisted on such insertions, but they can become slightly irksome, not least in that they are largely unnecessary, for Day's prose is essentially lucid and forceful. In other areas, one senses the absence of a reliable editor, however. For example, the first four, and arguably five, words of the phrase 'the famous German philosopher Martin Heidegger' (p. 21) would be better cut; anyone who has persevered with the text to page 21 could safely be assumed to know this, even setting aside the fact that he has already been repeatedly cited and discussed in preceding pages. There are other editorial oddities, such as being parenthetically informed that Paro is 'a robotic seal used in nursing homes' (p. 102), and then one page later being told that he is 'the robotic seal that has been tested in nursing homes' (p. 103). It is also deeply unfortunate in a text that reflects so heavily on the nature, meaning, and power of indexes, that its own should be flawed. There are several frankly unnecessary references to very minor points, but more troubling are the absences, including Paul Otlet, who does not feature despite being the focus of a whole chapter and a grandpaternal figure just beyond view for the whole project. None of these matters seriously affects the power of the argument, however, and the inclusion of Otlet in Day's book is apposite and wise. Otlet, though, represents a fearful and frequently irresistible danger to the thinking librarian. His works are so vast, his optimism and belief so all-encompassing, that he can appear as a smiling yet intellectually formidable uncle who can rescue the profession from confusion and irrelevance. Most specifically, he is too often cast as a less carnal Tiresias, who has foreseen all, so that we frequently hear that he invented the internet, the database, or hypertext. The close and insightful reading of the short excerpt of Otlet which Day allows himself falls somewhat disappointingly into an even more extreme claim for his foresight, which he does not leave himself space to explore adequately. Not only is Otlet's view of the book as a nexus of information awaiting user inquiries presented as being a view in which 'our digital present age is foreseen' (p. 19), but one which somehow anticipates social media. Otlet's frankly incidental reference to books as friends from whom one extracts answers and then turns away is rewrought so that it resembles 'the generalization and dissolution of 'friends' in our day [...] the (digital) friend [...] is a document, mediated through the availability and computational processing of documentary fragments that correspond to a user's needs' (p. 20). Similarly, and equally unconvincingly, Otlet's dreams of international peace organizations become a forerunner of Facebook, because in those plans 'the social and the documentary had a direct mapping onto each other' (p. 20). library & information history, Vol. 31 No. 3, August 2015, 213–17


Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by multi systemic effects, including myotonia, muscle weakness and atrophy, cataracts, and cardiac condition defects [6]. The molecular basis of DM mutation has recently been identified as an unstable trinucleotide (CTG) repeat, located in the 3' end of a transcript encoding a protein with putative serine /threonine protein kinase (myotonic dystrophy protein kinase, DM-PK) [2, 5, 7]. We observed that DM-PK was present in neuromuscular junctions, muscle spindle, sarcolemma, and sarcolemmal nuclei on both normal and DM muscles [9; in press]. Further, we investigated expression of DM-PK on cultured normal human muscles. Muscle samples were obtained from orthopedic surgery of patients without neuromuscular diseases. Primary cultures were prepared from the myoblasts. Muscle samples were cut finely into 1 mm fragments in Ham F10 medium. They were incubated in Ham FlO containing 0.2% trypsin for 1 hr at 37°C with gentle stirring. The supernatants were centrifuged and the pellets resuspended in Ham FlO containing 10% fetal calf serum and 10% horse serum. After filtration, the myoblast suspension was placed in 35 mm gelatin coated dishes and incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air for 1-2 weeks. The growth medium was changed two times each week. After 2 weeks, to induce fusion myoblasts into myotubes, it was replaced by a fusion medium. These cultures were fixed in cold acetone for immunocytochemical study. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 2% goat serum was used for blocking. We used the original polyclonal anti DM-PK antibody (a gift of Dr C. T. Caskey). This antibody is to the synthetic peptide immunogens, using selected amino acid sequences of DM-PK. This anti DM-PK antibody diluted 1 : 100 was applied for overnight at 4°C. Cultures were washed with PBS for 30 min and incubated for 1 hr at room temparature with FITC-labeled antirabbit IgG, diluted 1 : 16. Cultures were washed with PBS 3 times and mounted with glycerin. Biopsied muscle specimens that had been stored in a deep freeze were analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. In normal adult muscle, DM-PK was localized along sarcolemma (Fig. 1). In cultured muscles, a coarse immunolabelling for DM-PK was observed in the perinuclear region of undifferentiating mononuclear muscle cells (myoblast). A fine immunolabelling for DM-PK was shown at the cytoplasma, dominantly perinuclear region of undifferentiating multinuclear muscle cell (Fig. 2). Fine and diffuse immunolabellings for DM-PK were observed in cytoplasm and sarcoplasma of differentiating multinuclear muscle cell (myotubes) (Fig. 3). DM is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by myotonia and muscle atrophy. In addition to those symptoms, disorders of eye, heart, endocrine, central and peripheral nerve are sometimes involved with age [6]. The genetic basis of DM mutation has been identified as variable amplifications of trinucleotide (CTG) repeat, located in 3' untranslated region of a gene encoding a DM-PK [2, 5, 7].


Operating safely in cluttered environments is critical to future autonomous robotic operations as exemplified by FCS Risk 213. In support of this requirement, the Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance (RCTA) program, sponsored by the Army Research Lab (ARL), has supported research tasks and corresponding integration and test events from 2006 through 2009. Multiple sensor systems, including scanning LADARs and stereo camera pairs, have been used to detect, track, and predict the future motion of obstacles in the close proximity of unmanned ground vehicles. These sensors produce frames of data at rates ranging from 6 to 30 Hertz. Resulting algorithm outputs are correlated to the local world and detection results both above and below the thresholds of the individual algorithms are recorded in a common format. This paper describes two methods for fusing the detection data. The first is a simplistic approach which implements a majority voting scheme amongst the algorithm results. The second, more rigorous, approach uses a "Strength-of-Detection" (SoD) method that utilizes an association step incorporating an error covariance model for each sensor, and also allows for cases where only a subset of the sensors report a detection. Results show that fused detection performance is far better than any single output due to the uncorrelated nature of single-sensor false alarms. We present representative results for both individual sensors and fused outputs. INTRODUCTION Safe Operations represents a critical goal for autonomous ground vehicles. The Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance (RCTA) has been supporting research in support of this goal since 2006. The research includes tasks for detecting and recognizing humans in the vicinity of a ground vehicle using LADARS, EO/IR stereo cameras, and radars. The primary emphasis for each task has been on the use of an algorithmic approach operating on the output of a single sensor to achieve the best possible detection performance while suppressing false alarms. However, it is well known that the fusion of multiple sensors offers great potential for improvement over the performance of any single sensor modality because the various sensors tend to have complementary strengths and weaknesses. For example, LADARs provide very good range information, but do not discriminate on appearance as well as high resolution imaging sensors. Conversely, cameras provide much better appearance data but, even using stereo pairs, provide comparatively coarse range accuracy. Consequently, we have undertaken an effort to fuse the results of multiple sensor-algorithm outputs. Here we describe two efforts to implement detection-level fusion. One is a simple "majority vote" approach; which we show has achieved results better than any single-source approach. The second more rigorous approach is currently under development. It is a non-parametric Bayesian approach that makes more complete use of the single-sensor results and leads to an unbiased ROC curve for which performance can be optimized. In the balance of this paper, we first describe the Safe Operations experiments we have conducted this year to evaluate both single-sensor and fused detection performance. We then discuss human detection results obtained for individual algorithms operating on single-sensor data. Next we describe various possible approaches to fusion and address the issue of associating individual detection results. We describe the technical approach and results to date for our majority vote fusion approach. We also describe our non-parametric Bayesian fusion approach and conclude with discussion of plans for future research. Proceedings of the 2009 Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS) Fusion of Multiple Sensors for Safe Operations, Haley, et al. Page 2 of 7 SAFE OPERATIONS EXPERIMENT DESCRIPTION The RCTA program has conducted a series of Safe Operations experiments beginning in 2006. The experiment described here occurred on January 21 – 23, 2009 at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) facility in Gaithersburg, MD. It was conducted by personnel from the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), NIST, and General Dynamics Robotic Systems (GDRS), which is the Lead Industrial Organization for RCTA. The sensor test vehicle was a Chevrolet Suburban equipped with the following sensors (Fig. 1): • 2 GDRS Fourth Generation scanning LADARs (Gen IV) which each produce approximately 10 frames per second (fps) over a 90 degree horizontal field of view (FOV) and together provide nearly 180 degree FOV in front of the vehicle. • A Sick LADAR which produces approximately 18.5 frames per second over a 100 degree horizontal FOV and 1 degree vertical FOV. • A stereo pair of Hitachi HV-F31 Progressive Scan Color 3-CCD Cameras that produce raw color imagery (1024 x 768) at 15 fps with a horizontal FOV of approximately 60 degrees. Figure 1: Sensor test vehicle used in Safe Operations experiments at NIST in January, 2009 The NIST test site included approximately 300 meters of two-lane paved streets, including an intersection where the test vehicle turned. The test consisted of 40 runs, each with eight human test subjects who were moving on the paths indicated in Figure 2. The test vehicle moved at either 15 kph (20 Runs) or 30 kph (20 Runs). The tests included two levels of clutter, which we refer to as "open" and "cluttered" and are shown in Figures 3 and 5. Figure 2: (Left) Overhead imagery of Safe Operations experiment location at NIST in January, 2009. (Right) Test vehicle path (in black) and paths of eight moving humans (in color). In order to generate ground truth data, we used an automated position recording system as described in [1]. Throughout the testing, all human subjects wore helmets equipped with transceivers for the ground truthing system as shown in Figure 3. SINGLE SENSOR RESULTS Figure 4 shows human detection results from four sensor/algorithm sources corresponding to the "open" conditions of Figure 3. It is important to note that the individual results depicted here are on a frame by frame basis. Better individual results can be, and have been, obtained using temporal information. The results are from two algorithms processing GDRS Gen IV LADAR data, an algorithm processing Sick data, and another algorithm processing data from a stereo camera pair. The LADAR results are all quite good for the Open configuration. Descriptions of the stereo vision algorithms and results on prior data are given in [2]. The LADAR processing algorithms and results on previous data collections have been reported [3.4]. Proceedings of the 2009 Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS) Fusion of Multiple Sensors for Safe Operations, Haley, et al. Page 3 of 7 Figure 3: "Open" configuration for Safe Operations experiment at NIST in January, 2009 Figure 4: ROC curves for four sensor/algorithm outputs using the "Open" configuration for the Safe Operations experiment at NIST in January, 2009 The stereo vision detection results reported here were degraded by sensor misalignment as well as occlusion issues. We did not attempt to correct these problems because the focus here is on fusing the results with those from other algorithms. Figure 6 shows human detection results from the same four sensor/algorithm sources, but now corresponding to the "cluttered" conditions of Figure 5. Again we note that the individual results depicted here are on a frame by frame basis and that better individual results can be obtained using temporal information. vehicles, barrels, crates


Abstract Approximation formulas for the eigenvalues of the Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary conditions on domains with small holes are derived and discussed. The corresponding results for the free and the supported vibrating plate follow. A conceptually simple proof is given based on Courant′s min-max principle. The author′s approximation for the capacity of small balls leads to a highly accurate eigenvalue approximation formula for domains with spherical holes. General holes are treated by means of a harmonic correction method, an isoperimetric inequality relating capacity to volume, and a Poincare inequality for capacity potentials. In addition we provide L∞-bounds for the eigenfunctions.


The present invention tetroxide and titanium dioxide particles of titanium chloride - a process for the preparation of titanium dioxide by performing while adding abrasive particles to a subsequent cooling of the gas mixture in the cooling compartment, gas - particle - flow rotates It relates to a method for manufacturing. Titanium tetrachloride by the present invention, albeit in cross-section position of the axial direction of the oxygen-containing stream in a tube reactor, is conducted to deviate from the radial direction. Flow rate of oxygen-containing gas is greater than 20 m / s, in particular at least 40 m / s. The method according to the invention, whereas in a tubular reactor and the reactor - effectively removing the TiO


Invited presentation at ECOC Sunday workshop with title: Data Center Networks: Meeting the emerging requirements for capacity, cost, energy consumption and reach


The present study compare the size of the corpora pedunculata (mushroom bodies) of Exomalopsis aureopilosa a quasi-social specie and Apis mellifera a eusocial specie of bees. The aim was to correlate the developmental degree of such structures with the behavior complexity. The results show that the female specimens of both species have the corpora pedunculata with same relative size. However the area occupied by the neurones cellular bodies (glomeruli) is greater in the workers of A. mellifera. In other way in E. aureopilosa the total size of the corpora pedunculata is larger in females, but the glomeruli area is relatively larger in the male.


A system for controlling through a shutter system fluid flow path, comprising a plurality of louvers, wherein each louver includes a pivot axis and the actuating portion. Shutter system further comprises a mechanism configured to allow a plurality of louvers each rotatable about a respective pivot axis and a fully open position and comprises two positions including a position and a fully closed position for the system selection. The mechanism is configured to engage each actuating portion and so that every louver at a variable rate of rotation. Also disclosed is a vehicle of the shutter system is employed.


Compatibility between gauge invariance and nonlinear constraints is investigated. The results are applied to a two-dimensional nonlinear supersymmetric QED model.


[1] Three general wave-activity laws with an inclusion of ageostrophic winds are derived in a nonhydrostatic dynamic framework by introducing an arbitrary scalar ϕ into potential vorticity theorem. The wave activity theory may be applied to diagnoses of mesoscale weather systems. It is shown that the general wave-activity densities cannot represent monochromatic wave but slowly varying wave train. They cannot be transported through the surface of perturbation scalar ϕe and can neither be created nor destroyed within a layer bounded by the two ϕe surfaces. The general wave-activity law associated with perturbation vertical velocity is embodied by setting the arbitrary scalar ϕ to specific humidity, equivalent potential temperature, and virtual potential temperature, respectively. The simulation data of a heavy-rainfall event by the ARPS model are used to calculate the three specific wave-activity densities and to study their laws. It is shown that the three specific wave-activity densities are closely related to the simulated rain rate. This suggests that they may serve as track for detecting precipitation. The variation of moist wave-activity density is mainly caused by the wave-activity flux divergence associated with the vertical component of perturbation pressure gradient force.


In this paper, a novel design of a microstrip-fed compact monopole microstrip antenna with asymmetrically modified ground plane operating at ultra-wide band (UWB) frequency range is presented for microwave imaging applications.  The performance characteristics of the proposed antenna in terms of impedance bandwidth and return loss meet the ultra-wide band requirements. The design and simulation procedures of the proposed antenna are carried out using an electromagnetic simulation software based on the characteristic impedance for the transmission line model. The proposed antenna, with small size of 32 × 42 × 1.55 mm 3 on an FR4 epoxy substrate with permittivity (e r ) 4.4, is fabricated and validated through the simulations and measurements. It is demonstrated that the measured -10 dB bandwidth for return loss is from 2.08 to 7.4 GHz but after this frequency, the antenna operates with minimum 87.4% efficiency up to 10.6 GHz. The antenna exhibits acceptable UWB characteristics and the results show that the designed antenna is suitable for various microwave imaging applications operating at UWB .


Indonesian universities have a long tradition of supporting their students in developing their innovative and creative ways of thinking during their times in university. One of the programs being continuously offered to the students is named student creativity program. It was initiated in 2001 to showcase students' creative and innovative works. This study presented undergraduate students' information literacy experience during their involvement in this program conducted by Diponegoro University, Indonesia. This research was based on the relational perspective of information literacy that emphasizes the relationship between people and information. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 undergraduate students from 8 different faculties. Thematic analysis was conducted to interpret various related aspects. Results revealed that the identified themes contributed to communities, brainstorming, and Googlization. All the themes illustrated the information literacy experience of undergraduate students as they contributed to the university creative program. This study provided new insights into students' creativity programs and information literacy as a basis for designing future research. Although the majority of studies in Indonesia have focused on the conception of information literacy from a behavioral perspective, this research offered different ways on understanding the conception of information literacy. This research would be beneficial to university libraries in terms of enhancing their information literacy programs and faculties in terms of understanding how undergraduate students interact with information during their academic activities.


The new Rules for the Provision of Paid Medical Services by medical organizations, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation No. 736 dated May 11, 2023, apply from September 1, 2023 and are valid until September 1, 2026. A comparative analysis of the provisions of the legislation regulating the provision of medical services on a reimbursable basis is carried out. The novelties on the issues of the list of information that a medical organization must provide to a patient when providing paid medical services are considered; on unacceptable terms of the contract; on determining the moment from which the contract is considered concluded and unchanged unilaterally; on the specifics of providing medical services when concluding a contract remotely.


Thermodynamics is one of the pillars of physical, chemical and biological sciences. It is able to predict the occurrence and efficiency of complex chemical reactions and biological processes. In physics, the conduction of heat across a medium or the concept of the arrow of time are formulated thermodynamically. In information theory, the definitions of information and entropy are given in thermodynamical terms. Even more, the tightness of the link between information and thermodynamics can be deduced from the thermodynamic interpretation of the landmark embodied by Landauer's erasure principle, Jaynes principle of maximum entropy, or the exorcism of Maxwell's demon operated using information theoretical tools. Another example is the analysis of the spectrum of blackbody radiation made by Planck, which triggered the quantum mechanical revolution. However, science and technology have evolved immensely from the early days of the quantum era, allowing us to witness quantum effects that could only be dreamed of decades ago. Our capabilities to control and guide processes at the microscopic scale has reached outstanding levels of dexterity. Yet, a series of tantalising questions arise: what happens to the principles of thermodynamics when we deal with the quick dynamics of small quantum systems brought dramatically out of equilibrium? Can we formulate in a thermodynamical way the working principles of quantum devices designed to perform transformations analogous to "canonical" thermo-machines? In this talk I will present a framework that is able to show the emergence of thermodynamics out of genuinely quantum processes enforced on quantum systems. I will focus on the thermodynamics of paradigmatic quantum optics systems, such as optomechanics and ultracold atoms in cavity. I will discuss how work can be extracted from mesoscopic quantum systems and suggest tantalising connections between the irreversible quantum entropy produced across a process and the establishment of quantum correlations among the constituents of a quantum device.


Reaction of hexafluorobut-2-yne with [MoCl(CO)3(η5-C5H5)] affords the cyclopentadienone complex [MoCl(CO)(C8F12CO)(η5-C5H5)]. If the displaced carbon monoxide is removed, then the product is [MoCl(CF3C2CF3)2-(η-C5H5)] together with minior amonuts of [{MoCl(CF3C2CF3)(η5-C5H5)}2]. The reaction of CF3C2CF3 with [WCl(CO)3(η5-C5H5)] affords only [WCl(CF3C2CF3)2(η5-C5H5)](II), which was structurally identified by X-ray crystallography as an octahedral 16-electron species, in which the acetylene acts as a 2-electron donor. Treatment of [MoCl(CO)3(η5-C5H5)] with MeC⋮CMe affords either[MoCl(MeC2Me)2(η5-C5H5)] or [MoCl(CO){C4Me4(CO)2}(η5-C5H5)] depending on the reaction conditions. The latter compound is formulated as a duroqunione complex. U.v. irradiation of [WCl(CO)3(η5-C5H5)] and PhC⋮Cph gives [WCl(CO)(PhC2Ph)(η5-C5H5)]. In refluxing hexane, [MoCl(CO)3(η5-C5H5)] reacts with PhC2Ph to give [MoCl(CO)(PhC2Ph)(η5-C5H5)] and [MoCl(PhC2Ph)(η5-C5H5)]. The thermal reaction of MeC2Ph with [MoCl(CO)3(η5-C5H5)] gives initially [MoCl(CO)(PhC2Me)(η5-C5H5)] which reacts further to yield [MoCl(PhCMe)2(η5-C5H5)]. Treatment (60 °C) of [MoCl(CO)(PhC2Ph)(η5-C5H5)] with MeC2Me or CF3C2CF3 affords [MoCl(RC2R)2(η5-C5H5)] R = Me or CF3). At room temperature, [MoCl(CF3C2CF3)(PhC2Me)(η5-C5H5)] is formed. Similar reactions afforded the mixed acetylene complexes [MoCl(CF3C2CF3)(PhC2Me)(η5-C5H5)], [WCl(CF3C2CF3)(PhC2Ph)(η5-C5H5)], and (WCl(CF3C2H)(PhC2Ph)(η5-C5H5). Reaction of [MoCl(CO)(PhC2Ph)(η5-C5H5)] with CF3C⋮CH gives [MoCl(CF3C2H)2(η5-C5H5)]. The temperature-dependent dynamix behaviour of these complexes is discussed in terms of a propeller-type rotation of the acetylene.


Infection with Trypanosoma cruzi causes a strong inflammatory reaction at the inoculation site and, later, in the myocardium. The present study investigates the role of cytokines as modulators of T. cruzi - induced chemokine expression in vivo and in vitro . In macrophage cultures, although the stimulation with interferon (IFN)- (cid:2) increases the expression of IP-10, it blocks KC expression. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- (cid:3) , on the other hand, potentiates KC, IP-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 (cid:3) , and JE/monocyte chemotatic protein-1 expression. Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-(cid:4) inhibited almost all chemokines tested. The role of IFN-(cid:2) and TNF-(cid:3) in chemokine modulation during infection was investigated in T. cruzi -infected IFN-(cid:2) -deficient (GKO) or TNF-R1/p55-deficient (p55 (cid:5) / (cid:5) ) mice.


Brazil is the largest producer and consumer of charcoal in the world, mostly consumed by the steel and iron alloy industry. To meet the industrial demand for charcoal, high quality and fast growth materials are required, between five and seven years of cutting cycle. The genus Eucalyptus have been found suitable for such use, besides presenting great adaptation to different edaphoclimatic conditions (Couto & Müller 2013), making the genus interesting for application in Brazil where there is great climatic variability. In addition, Brazil stipulated a 2020 goal of using only planted forest plants for charcoal production, in order to reduce deforestation of the native forest and to have product uniformity, since planted forests provide homogeneous materials. In Brazil, total Eucalyptus plantation area is 5.56 million hectares, with the largest planted areas in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul (IBÁ 2015). The most widespread species are E. grandis, E. saligna, E. urophylla and the hybrid E. grandis x E. urophylla. Several authors have related wood quality to charcoal quality, considering physical and WOOD QUALITY OF FIVE EUCALYPTUS SPECIES PLANTED IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL FOR CHARCOAL PRODUCTION


This paper presents a method to pre-train transformer-based encoder-decoder automatic speech recognition (ASR) models using sufficient target-domain text. During pre-training, we train the transformer decoder as a conditional language model with empty or artifical states, rather than the real encoder states. By this pre-training strategy, the decoder can learn how to generate grammatical text sequence before learning how to generate correct transcriptions. Contrast to other methods which utilize text only data to improve the ASR performance, our method does not change the network architecture of the ASR model or introduce extra component like text-to-speech (TTS) or text-to-encoder (TTE). Experimental results on LibriSpeech corpus show that the proposed method can relatively reduce the word error rate over 10%, using 960 hours transcriptions.


In the work results of researches of the processes proceeding on a surface gassensetivity SiO2SnOxCuOy material at influence of molecules of nitrogen dioxide are submitted. On the basis of power dependences of sensitivity analysis of a sensor control gas the mechanism of superficial chemical reactions is offered.