Phoma black stem, caused by Phoma macdonaldii , is one of the most important diseases of sunflower in the world. The sources of resistance to Phoma black stem were investigated. A total of 184 genotypes, including some recombinant inbred lines (RILs), several M6 mutant lines obtained by gamma irradiation of seed of the genotype AS 613, and other genotypes from different countries, were evaluated against an aggressive French isolate (MP6) in controlled conditions. The study was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Each replicate consisted of 10–12 seedlings. Twenty μL of spore suspension (106 pycnidiospores mL-1) were deposited on the intersection of the cotyledon petiole and the hypocotyl of sunflower plantlets at the two-leaf stage. The percentage of the area exhibiting disease symptoms was scored on the two cotyledon petioles of each of the plantlets three, five and seven days after inoculation. The disease progress rate (rd), as the slope of the regression line for disease severity against time, was also calculated. Analysis of variance detected significant differences among sunflower genotypes for disease severity 7 days after inoculation, as well as for the disease progress rate. A strong correlation (r=0.96, P <0.01) was found between disease severity 7 days after inoculation and the disease progress rate. The inbred lines F1250/03 (origin: Hungary), M5-54-1, M6-862-1 (mutant lines), SDR 18 (origin: USA) and two wild Helianthus accessions, 1012 Nebraska and 211 Illinois, (wild type) were highly resistant to Phoma black stem. These findings will assist breeders in choosing parent plants for breeding durable resistance to Phoma black stem.


The invention discloses a method for carrying out piecewise fitting on the probability distribution of regional lightning current amplitudes based on SPSS (statistic package for social science), which comprises the following steps: S1, recording lightning location data of each lightning in a region, wherein the lightning location data comprises specific lightning sites and lightning current amplitudes I; S2, carrying out statistics on the lightning location data through Excel software so as to obtain a cumulative probability P (>I) of different lightning current amplitudes; S3, screening the lightning location data: only taking negative-polarity lightning currents with a lightning current amplitude of 0-200 kA into consideration; and S4, dividing the lightning current amplitudes into three intervals, namely, (0, 13], (13, 45] and (45, 200], and taking set values with a confidence probability of 95% to carry out fitting. According to the invention, the distribution rule of lightning current amplitudes of a region can be reflected more truly, and more accurate basic data can be provided for calculation of the lightning trip-out rate of lines, so that the lightning protection design and operation maintenance of electric transmission lines can be instructed more scientifically, thereby effectively reducing the lightning trip-out risks of lines, and generating obvious economic benefits and social benefits.


PURPOSE: A display pixel including an oxide thin film transistor having a reduced load is provided to reduce the area of a gate line and parasitic capacitance. CONSTITUTION: An LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) panel includes display pixels. Each display pixel includes a pixel electrode and a thin film transistor(90). A thin film transistor is connected to a source line(86) and a gate line(84). The thin film transistor includes a source, a channel(168) and a drain(98). The gate line includes a first hole(162). The first hole is partly overlapped with the drain.


TiO2 films have been deposited on indium tin oxide covered glass. These substrates are immersed in a flowing aqueous solution containing a soluble titania precursor. TiO2 growth is activated by microwave (MW) radiation heating. This method produces transparent and well-adhered films at low temperatures (lower than 100 °C) and short times. Flowing the precursor solutions allows growth of titania films on the substrate and avoids titania powder precipitation in the solution. It is demonstrated that thickness and crystallinity are controlled through MW power, process time, and precursor choice.


The present invention provides an electrode substrate and a liquid crystal display panel. The active liquid crystal display panel comprises an array substrate, the electrode substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The active array substrate comprises a substrate, a plurality of scan lines, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes and a plurality of active elements. Said scan lines and the data lines disposed on the substrate and perpendicular to each other. Each of the active elements respectively corresponding to the scanning lines, the data lines and the pixel electrode is electrically connected to define a pixel region and a non-display region. The electrode substrate comprises a substrate and a common electrode positioned on the substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the array substrate and the active electrode substrate. The liquid crystal layer comprises a plurality of liquid crystal molecules and a plurality of ion. The liquid crystal molecules having a starting voltage and a saturation voltage. A proportion of the ions located in the non-display area.


A method for providing call coverage, comprising: is connected to detect, in a first branch system (132), a first call to a first extension (122), said first branch system in a normal operation mode to a second branch system via a first network (128) and via a second network (148) ; Notice that the first call can not be completed; in response to a determination that a connection between the first branch system, and either the first extension or a supply point via said first network is not operational, said first branch system, is in a fail-safe mode, retrieving a first Rufversorgungspfadskripts for use, while the first branch system in the fail-safe mode; Executing the first Rufversorgungspfadskripts, containing at least a first special character, the method further comprises: (1) in response to a determination that the first extension is included in a second branch system, and responsive to said first special character, selecting a direct dial-in number for the first extension, wherein the first call via the second network (148) to the second branch system is passed, and wherein the direct dial-in number for the first extension is not included in the first Rufversorgungspfadskript; or (2) in response to a determination that the first extension is part of the first branch system, selecting a direct dial-in number for the supply point and providing an identifier of the first extension to the feed point via the second network (148) responsive to said first special character, wherein the identifier of the first extension is not included in the first Rufversorgungspfadskript.


This article deals with the Demand Response (DR) application on refrigeration equipment for the hotel sector, establishing strategies at various levels of aggressiveness, by taking into account the thermal comfort in the facilities. The simulations are based on DRQAT software adapted to the Brazilian scenario. The analysis consists in a comparison of the results obtained with the electricity price in the short-term market, in order to obtain an estimate of profits from DR, besides establishing a relation between the value of DR per period of application and levels of thermal comfort. In this way, the circumstances in which DR becomes viable for the hotel sector are verified. The result of this analysis indicates that, in order to provide opportunities for supplying DR with maximum efficiency of use of the resource, it is necessary to create mechanisms for load aggregation. Thus, the added flexibility becomes significant in both economic and energy terms.


Completing this work would not have been impossible without the technical support of Rowan Williams Davies and Irwin Inc. (RWDI) and financial support from the Discovery Grant program (401231) from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, Government of Ontario through the Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE) under the Alberta-Ontario Innovation Program (AOIP) (053450), and Emission Reduction Alberta (ERA) (053498).


The human DNA polymerase η (hPolη) specializes in bypassing UV‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) formed from adjacent thymine bases by pairing the corresponding adenines during a process known as translesion synthesis (TLS). Patients with the variant form of Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XPV) have a deficiency in hPolη and are very sensitive to sunlight and develop skin cancer in their early ages. Research shows that mutations in hPolη of XPV patients are directly linked to skin cancer development. To understand the mechanism of how those mutations cause defects in protein function, I have introduced a point mutation found in XPV patients in the catalytic core (1–432 amino acids) of hPolη by site‐directed mutagenesis. Point mutation G295R was successfully introduced in to the polymerase and is being expressed in E. coli cells for protein purification. Support for this research comes from the Research Student Grant of the Department of Chemistry, Tenessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN.


S OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE SAN FRANCISCO MEETING OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC, JUNE 17-18, 1959 RADAR STUDIES OF THE CISLUNAR MEDIUM R. C. Barthle Radio Propagation Laboratory Stanford University Echoes from the moon, at a wavelength near 13 meters, are being obtained at Stanford University with the aid of a very powerful (50,000 watts) transmitter and a long (2000 feet) antenna system. The primary purpose of these radio-echo (radar) studies is to determine the amount of ionized gas in cislunar space ; i.e., in the region between the earth and the moon. It is thought that the earth, moon, and other planets may be immersed in a tenuous gaseous region that is an extension of the sun's corona. The density of electrons and ions near the earth's orbit may be as high as one thousand per cubic centimeter. It is important to measure directly the density of this interplanetary medium, and to find how it varies with changing solar conditions. The radar method of measuring the density of the cislunar medium is based upon the effect of electrons on the speed of propagation of radio waves. The moon's radar range (distance) exceeds its true distance, and the retardation of the radar pulse is a direct measure of the integrated electron density between the earth and the moon. If the effect of the earth's ionosphere is measured by other techniques, the remaining retardation may be due to the interplanetary medium existing in the vicinity of the earth's orbit. Because of "blobs" of ionization in the ionosphere and the cislunar medium, and also because of irregularities on the surface of the moon, difficulties have been encountered in the preliminary attempts to measure the electron density. However, it is believed that the radar method, with refinements in technique, will not only yield the first measure of the interplanetary gas density but will also tell us something about the temporal and spatial variations of this medium.


We are developing a novel method using non-invasive skin swabs to measure stress in several amphibians from terrestrial, semi-aquatic and fully aquatic species both at the zoo and in the wild. Upon further testing, this technique will allow future studies to understand how the environment is impacting amphibian health and susceptibility to disease.


Ideological Variations and Narrative Horizons: New Perspectives on the Arabian Nights. Special issue of Middle Eastern Literatures (incorporating Edebiyat). Edited by Wen-chin Ouyang. 7.2 (July 2004). Evelyn Fishburn, one of the nine contributors to this special issue of Middle Eastern Literatures (incorporating Edebiyat), begins her essay on Jorge Luis Borgess frequent invocation of the Arabian Nights with the words of the Argentinean writer himself: "Los siglos pasan y la gente sigue escuchando la voz de Shaharazad" ("The centuries pass and still we listen to the voice of Scheherazade"). These words, taken from Borgess story collection Siete Noches, provide an apt description of the work of numerous scholars over the last three years to commemorate the three hundredth anniversary of Galland's translation of the Nights. Indeed, the voice of Scheherazade permeates, directly and indirectly, both Western thinking about Arab and Muslim cultures and also international scholarly discourse about narrative. The essays in this special issue are part of the latter category, the research outcome of a three-year project on "Genres, Ideologies, and Narrative Transformation" sponsored by the British Arts and Humanities Research Board. The strength of these studies is in their diversity. They offer a panorama of Nights scholarship, linked together by a keen understanding of the complexities of genre studies and an interest in not only how stories work but also how stories and storytelling travel from culture to culture, from language to language, from orality to literacy. Wen-chin Ouyang describes the project and its theoretical parameters in her introduction to the issue and in her essay "Whose Story Is It? Sinbad the Sailor in Literature and Film." The term "genre ideologies" itself is loaded, Ouyang admits, with political, theoretical, and narrative connotations. Medievalists and Arabists will especially benefit from the first grouping of essays. Aboubakr Chraibi's "Texts of the Arabian Nights and Ideological Variations" focuses on the "organized and integrated" medieval core of stories and explores how they were incorporated from varied traditions into the medieval Islamo-Judeo-Christian cultural ideology. Julia Bray's "A Caliph and His Public Relations" daringly takes Muhsin Mahdi to task for taking as historically factual certain details of "The Steward's Tale," a part of the Hunchback series. The structure of medieval historiography, Bray argues, can provide evidence to its manipulation and revision. Ulrich Marzolph, complementing his other recent comparative work, has contributed an essay ("Narrative Strategies in Popular Literature: Ideology and Ethics in Tales jrom the Arabian Nights and Other Collections") focusing on how various storytellers may manipulate the same tale for their respective purposes. The second set of three articles-by Richard van Leeuwen, Peter L. Caracciolo, and Evelyn Fishburn-demonstrates how the Nights and its interpolated tales have migrated and influenced European and Latin American fiction traditions. …


This study investigated college teachers' reported uses of instructional strategies that include realistic problem-solving based on technology competencies recommended by the International Society for Technology in Education and adopted by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE). Data were collected from Arkansas faculty who taught methods courses at colleges of education accredited by the NCATE. Data from 125 faculty members (56* response rate) show that reporting faculty from Arkansas are integrating computers into their instruction in . three main areas: (1) use of e-mail and the Internet; (2) use of the World Wide Web for problem solving; and (3) use of word processing to generate booklets, reports, and newsletters. The reported use of databases or spreadsheets was just above the median score of 2.0. Simulation software and spreadsheets for authentic problem solving were seldom or never used. (Contains 5 tables, 2 figures, and 23 references.) (Author/SLD) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the ori inal document. The Use of Technology by Teacher Education Faculty for Problem Solving and Higher Order Thinking Carol A. Brown, Ed.D. Department of Librarianship, Educational Technology, & Distance Instruction East Carolina University email@example.com U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Ohios, of Educational Research and improvement EDU5ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) hiel'his document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily iepresent official OER1 position or policy. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)


This review deals particularly with the recent literature on the structural and functional aspects of the retino‐brain‐pituitary system that controls the physiological process of background adaptation in the aquatic toad Xenopus laevis. Taking together the large amount of multidisciplinary data, a consistent picture emerges of a highly plastic system that efficiently responds to changes in the environmental light condition by releasing POMC‐derived peptides, such as the peptide α‐melanophore‐stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), into the circulation. This plasticity is exhibited by both the central nervous system and the pituitary pars intermedia, at the level of molecules, subcellular structures, synapses, and cells. Signal transduction in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis appears to be a complex event, involving various environmental factors (e.g., light and temperature) that act via distinct brain centres and neuronal messengers converging on the melanotrope cells. In the melanotropes, these messages are translated by specific receptors and second messenger systems, in particular via Ca2+ oscillations, controlling main secretory events such as gene transcription, POMC‐precursor translation and processing, posttranslational peptide modifications, and release of a bouquet of POMC‐derived peptides. In conclusion, the Xenopus hypothalamo‐hypophyseal system involved in background adaptation reveals how neuronal plasticity at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels, enable an organism to respond adequately to the continuously changing environmental factors demanding physiological adaptation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 54:188–199, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Aiming at that body target effect of target echo has an impact on the estimated Doppler frequency precision of echo signal in work area of torpedo acoustic-fuze,the Rife-Segmented Phase Difference Method is proposed.The high estimation precision of echo signal's Doppler frequency is achieved by the method through combining the traditional Rife algorithm and the Segmented Phase Difference algorithm.It significantly improves the overall performance of the algorithm,fully retains the advantages of the two algorithms and overcomes the respective defects by the estimated signal frequency is preprocessed and different estimation algorithms are used in different frequency.Simulation result shows it can well extract Doppler frequency information of target echo in work area of the torpedo acoustic-fuze to achieve precise prediction of burst spot with high estimation precision and good stability,which has certain engineering application value.


Objective To determine the dyclonine content in the compound dyclonine menthol antipruritic emollients water.Methods The analytical column was phenomenex lune(4.6×250 mm,5 μm),the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water-glacial acetic acid-triethylamine(55∶43.5∶1.0∶0.5)with the flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1,the detection wavelength was 279 nm and the column temperature was 30℃.Results The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range of 20.13-120.78 μg·ml-1,r=0.999 5.The average recovery was 99.6%,RSD=0.43%(n=6).Conclusion HPLC is simple,rapid and accurate,and suitable for the determination of compound dyclonine menthol antipruritic emollients water.


This paper considers the multilateral matching market, where two or more agents can make a contract on a joint venture multilaterally. The possible joint ventures are exogenously given, and the preference relation of each agent is represented by a quasilinear utility function consisting of the valuation on the joint venture and the monetary transfer. We investigate three stability concepts: the weak setwise stable outcome, the stable outcome, and the strongly group stable outcome. We show that if the structure of the possible joint ventures satisfies a condition called the acyclicity, then these three stability concepts are equivalent with each other, are efficient, and exist for any continuous valuation functions. We also show that the acyclicity is necessary to guarantee the equivalence and the efficiency of the stability concepts for any continuous and concave valuation functions. For the existence, the acyclicity is is a necessary condition for the stable and the strongly group stable outcomes. On the other hand, we need an additional condition to obtain a necessary condition for the existence of the weakly setwise stable outcome.


Genome rearrangement problems in computational biology have been modeled as combinatorial optimization problems related to the familiar problem of sorting, namely transforming arbitrary permutations to the identity permutation. When a permutation is viewed as the string of integers from 1 through n, any substring in it that is also a substring in the identity permutation will be called a strip. The objective in the combinatorial optimization problems arising from the applications is to obtain the identity permutation from an arbitrary permutation in the least number of a particular chosen strip operation. Among the strip operations which have been investigated thus far in the literature are strip moves, transpositions, reversals, and block interchanges. However, it is important to note that most of the existing research on sorting by strip operations has been focused on obtaining hardness results or designing approximation algorithms, with little work carried out thus far on the implementation of the proposed approximation algorithms. In this paper, two new algorithms for sorting by strip swaps are presented. The first algorithm takes a greedy approach and selects at each step a strip swap that reduces the number of strips the most, and puts maximum strips in their correct positions. The second algorithm brings the closest consecutive pairs together at each step. Approximation ratios for these two algorithms are experimentally estimated.


Iam often asked how I choose editorial topics for the Journal. Editorials can be written to inform, clarify, explain, or interpret; to entertain, inspire, commend, or criticize; or simply to fill space. Sometimes I look for a recently submitted manuscript that has helped me to become a better clinician; at other times, I like to raise an issue that I think needs a forum for discussion; and occasionally I feel the need to do some "housekeeping" and make clear some of the policies under which we operate. It has become obvious to me over the past several years that the AJO-DO must continue to adapt to changes in the world of scientific publishing. In the past year, my editorials have fallen into the following categories: the crisis in dental education, controversies about new technologies, support for AAO-sponsored meetings, and the clarification and expansion of the Journal's policies. I hope you won't hesitate to offer suggestions for next year's editorial topics, or join the fray and submit your own guest editorial. The Year of the Dog, 2002, got off to a strong start with an editorial in support of the AAO and the ADA and their efforts to recruit and retain dental faculty. New data from our largest dental institutions show that the declining number of people going into orthodontic education has reached a crisis level, and there is no obvious solution. In support of this claim, we published 2 excellent studies by 2 different groups of orthodontic educators. The first article was "Orthodontic graduate education survey, 1983-2000," by Bob Keim and Peter Sinclair (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;121:28). Their findings showed that the number of fulland part-time faculty members is declining, as is the experience level of the instructors. The second study, "Faculty recruitment, retention, and success in dental academia" (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122: 2-8), appeared 6 months later and was written by Carroll-Ann Trotman et al. These authors looked at the teaching crisis from the viewpoint of those in dental education and explored attitudes about teaching, research, job flexibility, and the school environment in general. Teaching and research were winners in this group, while the respondents commonly cited lack of control over their chosen careers as a drawback. Many readers were moved to respond to a guest editorial written by Bill Proffit and Jim Ackerman titled "What price progress?" (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;121:243). The use of new technology was the issue here, with a company that chose to take its product directly to the public—prematurely, according to some. Long-term clinical studies are currently underway, but they have not yet produced the scientific articles upon which evidence-based dentistry can be practiced. Until this happens, the education and breadth of experience of an orthodontist are needed to successfully manage this unique approach to correcting malocclusion. The Journal followed up the guest editorial with several letters to the editor and an interview the new CEO of Align Technology. Two years ago, I made it a priority to provide more visibility for meetings sponsored by the AAO. This included printing the entire scientific portion of the annual session program in the February issue. This year, we added coverage of midyear conferences, and as a result, the Early Treatment Symposium in 2002 surpassed expectations with excellent participation, and the Orthodontist as CEO conference in 2003 is on track to do the same. The need for specific publication policies has never been more obvious to me than in the past year. I wrote 4 editorials explaining policies old and new. For example, all authors are now requested to submit a conflict of interest statement before the acceptance of a manuscript for publication. This policy has been extended to letters to the editor, reviews, and guest editorials. When a conflict exists, the nature of the relationship will be disclosed at the time of publication. If a person holds a patent or is a significant shareholder in a company producing the product being tested, bias would most likely prevent a clear presentation of findings. In reviewing my last 12 months as editor of this historic Journal, I believe my task is to support my orthodontic colleagues in adhering to the highest standards of professional integrity. My reputation is your reputation in this endeavor . . . and yours is mine. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:581 Copyright © 2002 by the American Association of Orthodontists. 0889-5406/2002/$35.00 0 8/1/130347 doi:10.1067/mod.2002.130347


With the establishment of the Croatian - Serbian coalition it could be concluded that the period of political life of Svetozar Pribicevic, in which he built himself as a political figure, was crowned by the rejection of the state-legal arguments and historical factors, failing to recognize any difference among the South Slavs. During this period, he managed to impose a new program to his party, agreeing with the view of the national unity of Serbs and Croats, and demanding radical democratic reforms. From 1906 to 1918, the party in the parliament represented almost all Serbian electoral districts in Croatia, mainly relying on the Croatian-Serbian coalition. During his work on the mentioned political course, he succeeded with the creation of the Croatian-Serbian coalition in order to unite their efforts in meeting the "youths" in Maksimir in 1898, and linking the Serbian and Croatian parties to work together and cooperate, which was his goal since the college days.


An analysis of tropes seen in action comics as well as work in artist Nathan Bockelman's graduate thesis show, in 2011.


A synthetic speech calculator is provided which is capable of generating an audible sound signal which can be representative of keyed data, sequences of keyed data (and errors), processed data, the contents of a memory or the contents of a counter. The sound signal can be suppressed under certain specific circumstances or made soft in intensity. A synthetic-speech calculator includes the keyboard consisting of digit keys and function keys, a desired number of registers for storing information entered by the depression of selected ones of the digit keys, a read-only-memory for storing a large number of digital codes as sound quantizing information, counter means for specifying the address of the memory so as to take a specific digital code out of the memory, a digital-to-analog converter for converting the specific digital code taken out of the memory into an audible sound signal, and a loud speaker driven by the audible sound signal and producing an audible sound. There are provided means responsive to combinations of at least two sequentially operated keys of the keyboard for modifying the output condition of the audible sound, for example, volume, speed, etc. The synthetic speech calculator also has a selection key and multi-function keys, such as 7/sin theta . If the selection key is depressed followed by actuation of one of the multi-function keys, as audible sound indicative of the second function of the multi-function key is audibly generated, i.e., "sin theta " is audibly generated. If the selection key is not depressed prior to actuation of the multi-function key, an audibly sound indicative of the first function (7) is audibly generated. Similarly, the calculator will also develop an audible sound indicative of "EQUAL" if the following key sequence is actuated: axb=, where a and b are numerals. The calculator will develop an audible sound indicative of "TWO" if the following key sequence is actuated: ax=. An audible sound indicative of "THREE" will be developed if the following key sequence is actuated: ax==.


Persons with Disabilities are one of the marginalized communities that struggle economically and socially. Entrepreneurship has been considered one of the best options; however, PWDs need help in their business journey. The study investigates factors of the inclusive entrepreneurship model of Persons with Disabilities through their reflection. A focus group semi-structured interview was conducted with ten selected PWDs based on their entrepreneurship experience. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Findings show that psychological issues and social discrimination are major entrepreneurship obstacles. Therefore, entrepreneurship programs for PWDs should be more disabled-friendly and focus on their physical and emotional needs.


Background: Community clinics provide one-stop healthcare services that is vital in primary healthcare. Measuring users' contentment is imperative to improving the quality of care at the doorsteps of the people. This article focuses on community clinics' importance and overall client satisfaction in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2019. Sixteen Upazilas from eight districts in Bangladesh were randomly selected for conducting interviews. The survey compiled local data regarding client satisfaction with the health care service of community clinics in Bangladesh. Results: A total of 760 female participants provided data. The majority (41%) were in the age group 18-24 years. This group showed more satisfaction than others (Odds Ratio 1.44). Childless married women were also more satisfied with the community clinic services than others (Odds Ratio 1.64). Furthermore, gender, education, and economic perspective were positive aspects of getting service from community clinics. Conclusion: Although there is a challenge balancing psychosocial and medical care, promoting client-oriented care with a focus on overall comfort concerning the culture of the area is vital. This can be done with community-focused training and explaining written prescriptions better, including signs, symptoms, treatment, and referral points. Government backing has also been shown to be a strengthening source regarding primary healthcare services.


This study develops and applies a model-implied measure of information imprecision. We define information imprecision as the degree of noise in investors' prior beliefs about the firm's asset value based on the information set that is currently available. We present a model of credit default swap (CDS) spreads in which the term structure is a function of information imprecision. We exploit observable CDS spreads with short and long maturities to extract an empirical measure of information imprecision. We then examine the moderating role of our measure in two settings. First, we show that the equity market response to credit rating changes increases in the level of information imprecision before the announcement. Second, we show that bond-market professionals' ability to charge a premium to smaller investors, relative to larger investors, increases in the issuing firm's information imprecision. This evidence illustrates the broad applicability of our model-implied measure of information imprecision.
 JEL Classifications: D82; G14; G24.


In 1981, William S. Burroughs—often considered a writer of devastatingly apocalyptic dystopian vision—published "Cities of the Red Night," his first foray into utopian writing. This article examines Burroughs's conception of the "retroactive utopia." It highlights Burroughs's ambivalence toward utopian projects and invokes both his hope and his disappointment in the ability for utopian writing to engender political change.


Hairy cell leukaemia has aroused increasing interest since its first description in 1958 by Bouroncle et al.' The clinical course and diagnostic criteria of this chronic lymphoproliferative disorder have been further defined in subsequent series.24 It most often affects men aged between 35 and 55, being characterised by pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and a variable number of hairy cells in the peripheral blood. The two main reasons why this uncommon disease has attracted the attention of clinical investigators are the unusual features of the hairy cells (which have prompted many conflicting ideas about their origin) and the impressive clinical responses observed with two drugs-interferon and deoxycoformycin -which had previously been tried with little success in other forms of cancer. Hairy cells are white blood cells with prominent cytoplasmic villi, distinct tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity, and inducible phagocytic properties-features which led early investigators to suggest a relation to the so called reticuloendothelial system5 and to designate the disease accordingly.'4 The use of markers for B and T lymphocytes developed in the early 1970s showed that the cells of most patients with hairy cell leukaemia had B cell features.2' Technical advances and in rarticular the availability of monoclonal antibodies against B cell antigens confirmed the B cell nature -of hairy cells,7 8 which has now been definitively established by the demonstration of rearrangements of the immunoglobulin genes coding for heavy and light chains.9 This technique has also made it possible to classify hairy cell leukaemia as a monoclonal B cell proliferation. Recent studies have identified hairy cells with B lymphocytes activated in the late stages of their maturation pathway.9"' Precise information on the cell of origin of hairy cell leukaemia may be important in interpreting the responses to treatment. Splenectomy corrects the pancytopenia in most patients24 and improves their survival when the spleen is enlarged more than 5 cm below the costal margin.'2 13 Nevertheless, because the bone marrow is also affected, splenectomy has longlasting benefits in only a minority of patients.2413 This and the fact that in 10-20% of patients the spleen is not enlarged lead to about 80% of patients requiring other forms of treatment at some stage. Chlorambucil was formerly popular'4 but has now been superseded by interferon. The beneficial effects of the crude leucocyte interferon first reported by Quesada et al only two years ago'5 have now been confirmed and extended by several groups in Europe and the United States with human lymphoblastoid interferon"6 or the various recombinants.'7 2" The effect of interferon has been reported most often in patients who have had their spleens removed, but responses have also been recorded in patients with large spleens."6 Interferon given daily or three times a week by the intramuscular or subcutaneous route gives a gradual and sustained improvement in the haemoglobin concentration and in the neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet counts and considerably reduces the infiltration of the bone marrow. After three to six months' treatment most patients have normal blood counts. Complete elimination of hairy cells from the bone marrow and correction of the fibrosis require more prolonged periods of treatment (a year or longer); hence few complete remissions have so far been recorded. Unlike other forms of chemotherapy, treatment with interferon confers benefit in close to lO0/o of cases. The flu-like symptoms due to interferon are only an early feature oftreatment. Other minor side effects are easily controlld by reductions in the dose. The clinical condition of patients previously resistant to chlorambucil and with a history of severe infections improves dramatically. Studies are still in progress to determine the optimal duration oftreatment with interferon and the need for maintenance treatment. Patients treated for less than a year tend to relapse,6 19 but prolonged disease free periods may be expected in those treated for longer, especially when the bone marrow has been cleared of hairy cells. Spiers et al have recently reported good results of treatment with the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2'-deoxycoformycin.21 At low dosage it induces complete remissions in hairy cell leukaemia without the toxicity caused at the higher dosage used in lymphoblastic leukaemia. At the recent meeting ofthe American Society ofHematology three groups (Spiers et al, Kraut et al, and Johnston et at) reported complete responses with deoxycoformycin in half the patients with hairy cell leukaemia.Y1 In contrast with interferon, the duration of treatment required to obtain complete bone marrow remissions is relatively short and prolonged remissions without maintenance treatment have been recorded in some patients. The appreciable improvement in life expectancy and wellbeing in patients with hairy cell leukaemia as a result of the. use of interferon and 2'deoxycoformycin suggests the need to re-evaluate these agents in other haemopoietic malignancies. The B cell nature of the hairy cell should provide clues to the precise mechanism of action of interferon and 2'-deoxycoformycin, which might be exploited to treat other B cell disorders; hairy cell leukaemia is a good model for their study. D CATOVSKY Senior Lecturer in Haematology and Medicine, Medical Research Council Leukaemia Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London W12 OHS


A novel homologous series of Rh{sub 2}(0,0), Rh{sub 2}(0,II), and Rh{sub 2}(II,II) bis(difluorophosphino)methylamine complexes have been synthesized and structurally and electronically characterized. These binuclear rhodium compounds are all prepared from the reaction of (RhCl(PF{sub 3}){sub f2}){sub 2} with CH{sub 3}N(PF{sub 2}){sub 2}. Under reducing conditions, Rh{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}N(PF{sub 2}){sub 2}){sub 3}(PF{sub 3}){sub 2} (1) is isolated in moderate yields. Orange crystals of 1, prepared by layering hexane over a dichloromethane solution of 1, are triclinic with a space group P{anti 1}, a = 10.021 (4) {angstrom}, b = 10.139 (4) {angstrom}, c = 14.299 (7) {angstrom}, {alpha} = 74.95 (3){degree}, {beta} = 76.79 (3){degree}, {gamma} = 62.17 (3){degree}, V = 1,230.9 (9) {angstrom}{sup 3}, and Z = 2. In the absence of oxidants and reductants, the unsymmetrical mixed-valence Rh{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}N(PF{sub 2}){sub 2}){sub 3}Cl{sub 2}(PF{sub 3}) (2) complex is obtained. The molecular structure of 2 is a composite of 1 and 3 in that the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry about Rh(0) centers in 1 and the octahedral coordination at the Rh(II) centers in 3 are retained about the mixed-valence Rh{sub 2}(0,II) core.


Conclusions: Initiation of VDZ within 2 years of UC diagnosis was associated with nominal reductions in hospitalisations and flares over a 1-year follow-up period, compared with IFX. These results were based on relatively small patient numbers and need to be confirmed in larger cohorts; however, these findings suggest that early use of VDZ may lead to lower levels of healthcare resource utilisation compared with IFX.


Obstetric epidural analgesia was introduced in our hospital (Hospital Comarcal de Antequera) shortly after its opening in the year 2000. Up to the year 2002 a protocol was designed and a coordinator for the different areas was nominated. The clinical management section of the surgical unit began to work in the year 2002 and it implies another way of working as follows : to take part in the comprehensive process of pregnancy-labour-postpartum period, and its relationship with the general practitioner and midwife follow-up. The obstetric activity has been marked by productivity aims, human resources and the workload implied by the obstetric anaesthesia and analgesia, necessary material resources, economic resources management, competencies map for all the staff and with the computerization we will obtain activity indicators with all the previous plus the statistical data. We will show in this article all the quality and security criteria work out by the clinical management unit: clinical audit of the protocol, analgesia efficiency, patient satisfaction, dystocic deliveries analysis, walking epidural development, morbidity analysis from another protocol: regional techniques complications or side effects and detection, research and analysis of the critical incidents. It is not enough to perform the technique; there is no doubt about it. The clinical management unit has worked out information mechanisms about what we do and the following corrections and improvements. That is the way to follow and it includes an adaptation period for the professionals. Professional satisfaction and economic motivation have been assigned by aims. The future challenge is how to negotiate the annual aims between the professionals and the managers.


This paper develops a theoretical approach to explain how social capital – cognitive, relational and structural – affects long-term sustainability of open communities. Organization studies have shown that social capital provides critical resources that support sharing, participation and collaboration in organizations, networks and communities. But the contextual assumptions in that research are less relevant for open communities which have unique structures and composition – i.e. global scale, high heterogeneity of members, voluntary participation, and quasi-open access to resources. Drawing from observations of global genomic data and information centers, this article argues that sustainability of open communities such as global centers, depends heavily on the establishment and leveraging of cognitive social capital, while relational and structural social capital may be designed in to bound the community, manage homogeneity and increase trust among members. Open communities should be aware of such relati...


Skin aging mainly occurs due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic aging is a consequence of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Meanwhile, natural products exhibit protective properties against skin aging as well as photoaging. In this context, the research on natural anti-aging agents is greatly advanced, and in recent years, numerous plant-based products have been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant profile of Origanum dictamnus L. extract as well as its antiaging effects on 2D cultures of fibroblasts and keratinocytes under UVA irradiation to unravel the potential role of Origanum dictamnus L. in cosmetology. In an attempt to explore the antioxidant profile of the extract, we employed well-established enzymatic assays (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and TPC) and a phytochemical screening by LC/MS. According to our findings, the Origanum dictamnus L. extract possesses high scavenging activity (DPPH, ABTS), high phenolic content (TPC), and high Fe(III)-reduction activity (FRAP). Moreover, the LC/MS analysis revealed that the extract was rich in flavonoids, holding a high content of curcumin, kampferol, silymarin, cyanidin-3-glucoside, deosmin, rutin, and quercetin. To gain insight into the bioactivity of Origanum dictamnus L. extract in cell aging, the expression of various genes that are implicated in the skin aging process in keratinocytes and fibroblasts was studied. The gene expression analysis revealed that the extract increases cell proliferation in the cells exposed to UVA irradiation and concomitantly modulates the expression of genes related to the aging process in keratinocytes (KLK7, OCLN, GBA1) and fibroblasts (SIRT2, FOXO3, COL3A1) under the same conditions.


The Annual Program Review for the Los Alamos Critical Experiments Facility (LACEF) drew attendees from throughout the nuclear criticality community. They discussed the importance of the LACEF to their programs and stressed the uniqueness of the facilities available at the LACEF and the importance of doing numerous criticality experiments for a variety of programs. On-going and proposed activities were presented by the staff. 1 ref., 8 figs., 6 tabs.


Abstract The chemical composition of Litsea cubeba essential oils obtained from leaves harvested in six provinces of Vietnam were investigated using a combination of capillary GC, GC/MS and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Three compositions were found, dominated by 1,8-cineole (0.2–51.7%), linalool (0.4–91.1%) and sabinene (0–48.1%).


In spite of total 400 billion m3 of yearly received water from precipitation, only 130 billion m3 is useable, while recent studies showed that it has decreased to 120 billion m3 in a year. Except for this natural factors, wrong water consumption pattern, heterogeneous spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, population growth, uneven transitory development in different parts ignoring the land use planning and consecutive draught which can be the result of the earth climate change are other reasons leading to water crises and challenges. In order to evaluate the feature and trend of aridity changes climatic data of 51 synoptic weather stations with a statistical period of 30 years, from 1980 to 2010, was obtained from meteorology Organization of Iran. In this study Iq aridity index, having the ability to show aridity features of the similar region, was used. Moreover to find the trend of aridity index changes Mann-Kendal nonparametric test was applied. Spatial zoning of the country was done by ArcGis software. Results revealed that based on Iq index from total area of the country 20% has hyper arid climate, 34% arid climate, around 31% semi-arid climate, 13% semi-humid climate, while only 2% of Iran area has humid climate. Besides, aridity trend test showed that around 80% of the studied stations or majority of the country area is in danger of aridity increase, while 20% of the stations do not show decreasing or significant changes. Therefore it can be concluded that Iran's climate is getting arid which means double burden on the regional water source. It is necessary for the managers not only manage water resources, but also modify the consumption model in all parts and extents. Keywords: aridity, aridity indexes, Iq index, water crisis, Iran.


Many nuclear power plants (NPP) facilities have aged and are being dismantled around the world. As a result, large amounts of radioactive metal waste are generated during decommissioning. Carbon steel, stainless steel, and Inconel are the most common metals used in NPP, and radioactive contaminants are mostly accumulated in the corrosion layer. There are various radionuclides, but the main ones are 60Co, 137Cs, 54Mn and 51Cr. 60Co is the major activated corrosion product and responsible for high gamma radiation and longer half-life (5.27 years.) also makes it the most difficult to remove. Therefore, we investigated the melt decontamination characteristics of 60Co by introducing various slags using induction melting for stainless steel and carbon steel. Cobalt plating and cobalt oxide film coatings were used as specimens instead for safety purposes. The amount of cobalt removed from the slag was analyzed by using XRF. About 11% of the cobalt was removed from the contaminated metal due to slag oxide formation. The distribution of cobalt in the melted metal was also almost homogeneous according to the XRD analysis.


The emerging scenario in the fields of VLSI testing has its own demand for fault diagnosis in VLSI circuits. If the area and size of the circuit increases the problem of test generation time becoming very tough. Efficient techniques for test generations are essential in order to reduce the test generation time and size. In Existing methods, Low transition Switch Register (LTSR) applies the corresponding repeated patterns of the generated test data. The complication in the LTSR technique exponentially increases power with respect to the circuit size. In case of circuit which has more stuck-at-fault, the LTSR method fails to provide suitable fault coverage and low power consumption. The proposed test data skipping scheme using Reconfigurable Johnson counter reduces the test data volume from the multiple test pattern and reduces switching transitions by skipping the test sequence mostly between the consecutive test sequences. The RJC based Test data skipping scheme has additional circuit which consists of various counters, Bit skipping circuit and logic gates. Memory unit consists of the whole test sequence then these test sequences are fed to RJC and Switching Transition counter. The consecutive test sequence are eliminated or skipped by comparing those counters and the state analysis of FSM. The proposed test data skipping scheme circuit is developed to achieve minimum test patterns and reduced scan power by skipping long scan chain switching activities. This present work with the above mentioned issues for LTSR and existing in VLSI circuits is to examine all detectable faults with proposed circuit. The Efficiency of such system is tested by Xilinx and ISE tools to generate test patterns to achieve high fault coverage with low power consumption over the conventional systems.


Objective: To evaluate the method of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RQ-PCR) with EvaGreen dye for detecting the preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma(PRAME) transcripts in patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).To investigate preliminarily the characteristics and clinical implication of PRAME transcripts in AML.Methods: The primers of PRAME transcript were designed.The condition of RQ-PCR with EvaGreen was established to detect PRAME and ABL positive templates.To evaluate the utility of this assay,the samples of bone marrow mononuclear cells from 10 patients with AML were detected. Results: There was a good specificity in the EvaGreen RQ-PCR.In repeated tests,maximal sensitivities of 10 copies/μl were obtained,while reproducible maximal sensitivities achieved 100 copies/μl.The median absolute and normalized amount of PRAME transcripts were 7.26×103(4.91×102~8.07×105) copies/50ng and 67.98%(4.42%~13 170.01%) respectively.In one AML case,the PRAME transcript level significantly decreased after induction therapy compared to the moment of diagnosis,but significantly increased after relapse.In the control group,consisting of eight samples from patients with iron deficient anemia,the normalized PRAME transcript level was 0.00%~0.01%(median 0). Conclusion: EvaGreen RQ-PCR for PRAME transcript was a sensitive,reliable quantitative assay and can be used in the diagnosis of AML and the disease follow-up.


In this essay I challenge the rhetoric of the ''death of the index'' in contemporary media and film theory. Rather than being ''dead'' in the digital age, I argue, the index reemerges as a particularly helpful category for understanding mediated information, ''digital doubt,'' and experiences through virtual interfaces. Representations 122. Spring 2013 © The Regents of the University of California. ISSN 0734-6018, electronic ISSN 1533-855X, pages 83–109. All rights reserved. Direct requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content to the University of California Press at http://www.ucpressjournals.com/reprintinfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/rep.2013.122.1.83. 83 This content downloaded from 188.8.131.52 on Mon, 3 Jun 2013 14:11:41 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions understanding of mediated images' relationships to reality. Or, worse, some scholars claim that the very processes of their making have eliminated the indexical connection between the sign and referent, so that doubt has necessarily become the default mode of judgment for mediated images. Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic category of the index, which designates signs that have an ''existential relation'' to the things and events they signify, has come under attack in contemporary media theory. Photographic theory has typically understood indexical signs as material traces of past moments of physical contact that therefore provide incontrovertible evidence of some existential truth. According to this logic, the footprint, the death mask, the weather vane, and the photograph act as indexical signs of events because one material has pressed against another, resulting in a physical record. Digital technologies, some theorists claim, sever the indexical link with the world that the physical processes of analog media once ensured. Digital and electronic images are ''immaterial,'' according to this view, in that they are figure 1. Ken Goldberg in collaboration with Mark Pauline, Eric Paulos, John Canny, Judith Donath, and Will Linn, Legal Tender, 1996. © Ken Goldberg. Permission of the artists.


Leonardas Gutauskas (b. 1938) is a well-known Lithuanian artist, poet and prose writer, who began his career in the1960s, an important decade in the development of Lithuanian literature. Noted for his Christian stance and opposition to political oppression, his refusal to appease the censors, Gutauskas worked as an authentic creator in the field of Lithuanian literature during the Soviet period, with his work being favourably received by the critics. A film based on his famous novel A Wolf Tooth Necklace and with the same title was made in 1997.Even though Gutauskas's critical reception and other factors contributing to his prestige (for example, prizes, the sale of his paintings) are not markedly different from those of other artists who were more readily 'sanctified' or canonized, he did not become a representative figure of his generation, neither as a poet nor as a prose writer did he become firmly represented in Lithuanian language and literature school programmes, nor was his work put on permanent display in the National Art Gallery. This is why in this article, using Pierre Bourdieu's theory of the sociology of literature, separating out Gutauskas's main roles – Gutauskas as poet, Gutauskas as artist, Gutauskas as prose writer – consideration is given as to how Gutauskas's specific, ambivalent position was formed, as to how the positions taken in the fields of art and literature interact, what effect the labels pinned on him by critics, such as 'a dual / double / multi-faceted talent', 'an artist who also writes', could have had on the reception of Gutauskas's work.


One of the prominent activities oforganized crime is to obtain profit that is obtained from Ulicit trafficking indnjgs, convption (foiinstance), orother proceds thatderived or obtained, directly or inderectly, through the commission ofan offence are entered into global financial system, so as if they become the proceed of the crime obtained from legal bussiness. Therefore, the effort to fight against money laundering is a dynamic process, and the organized criminals always seek thenewmethod toembody their illegal aim. One of them hands over their financial contribution to local government head election (Pilkada). The practice of money laundering in the Pilkada election very possibly occurs, because of the conditions which gives opportunity to organized crimes group to laundry their money in Pilkada.


Preparation of various metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has been well studied in recent years. In this study, we found that nanoparticles synthesized using the extracts of the inflorescence of Cocos nucifera exhibited differential inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli depending on the nature of the bacterial culture source. Incorporation of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) into the nutrient broth culture of E. coli resulted in poor inhibitory activity. However, when the silver nanoparticles are added to nutrient agar plates used for culture of E. coli, effective inhibition was observed. Additionally, E. coli in broth culture resisted the inhibitory effects of Ag-NPs by forming aggregates of bacterial cells. The aggregates then generated a protective zone around the colonies to prevent the entry of Ag-NPs, and the bacterial cells multiplied without inhibition by the Ag-NPs. These differential effects of Ag-NPs on E. coli culture grown in nutrient broth and on nutrient agar plates indicated that E. coli in broth culture formed aggregates of cells to develop a biofilm for protection against toxins probably via the quorum sensing mechanism.


Angiomyolipomas commonly originate from renal parenchyma but extremely rarely from perinephric space. We report a case of angiomyolipoma of the perinephric space confirmed by radical nephrectomy. A 13-year-old boy presented with left flank pain and abdominal distension, first experienced five months earlier. Ultrasonography and CT indicated that in the space surrounding the left kidney, a huge fat-containing mass with linear strands was present.


In the recent times efforts have been made to combine plastic and metal, and to bring forth a product that has the goodness of both. With metallization the plastic gains the properties like thermal conductivity, strength and hardness. Methods discovered are usually costly, complex and environment unfriendly. Metallization of plastics has opened the door for its use in various fields such as electronic industry, textile industry and automotive industry. Metallic coating are also desirable in providing finish on the items like cell phones and laptop cases. The electric arc spray approach has been used to deposit copper on the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). This work makes an extensive study to analyze the factors that are significantly affecting the wear nature of the deposited coating and to obtain an optimal combination of process parameters that results in a coating which adherant enough and has the lowest wear rate.


Fundamental principles of self psychology are described to explain how the self begins and develops over the life span. The influences that contribute to the creation of false and true selves in gifted children are discussed and strategies for promoting the true self of gifted children are presented.


In 1973, artist Gianfranco Baruchello (born 1924) purchased a house and a small plot of land in the northern outskirts of Rome, along the Santa Cornelia Road that leads from Prima Porta district into the countryside, and moved in there with his partner Angese Naldoni. The same year, he registered both house and plot as the property and offices of a limited company called Agricola Cornelia S.p.A., whose purpose was land cultivation. Two years later, in October 1975, the artist published a short text titled Navigazione in solitario (Single-handed Sailing). Here, Baruchello explained how single-handed sailing was a new artistic endeavor operating within the broader scope of his creative practice, generally aimed since the 1950s at "inspecting and verifying contradictions." In particular, his new artistic project was focused on two distinct aspects whose juxtaposition might at first seem amusing: solitude and food. A few months later, in Milan and Venice, Navigazione in solitario was presented in the form of a postal action, a collection of photocopied images, some paintings and assemblages (Figure 1). Baruchello's text also alluded to his farming activities in the countryside — to the project of the Agricola Cornelia S.p.A., which he considered a work of art in itself, even if he never publicly declared this until the end of the project. In 1981, Baruchello decided to close down his company, at the same time enabling the narration of its story, at first with an exhibition at the Galleria Milano, and then with two books: the "handbook" Agricola Cornelia S.p.A. 1973–'81 and How to Imagine: A Narrative


Giga-sample ADCs targeting high performance communication applications such as direct-RF sampling all rely on some form of residue amplification to minimize the number of interleaved channels and meet demanding specifications. Despite architectural efforts to reduce the total number of amplifiers in the system, the challenges associated with designing them for high bandwidth and linearity has limited reported power efficiencies [1]. In this work, we show that ring amplification [2] can overcome this longstanding bottleneck. In an architecture using 36 ringamps, the 3.2GS/s ADC consuming 61.3mW has a Nyquist SNDR of 61.7dB, SFDR of 73.3dB, Walden FoM of 19.2fJ/conv-step, and Schreier FoM of 165.9dB. Furthermore, we demonstrate a general technique whereby the signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR) of any amplifier in the system can be independently monitored in the background with an analog hardware overhead of only one comparator.


This paper proposes a nonvolatile optical signal processing structure based on phase change material (PCM) Sb2Se3 and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), which can achieve arbitrary rotation of optical special unitary group of degree two (SU(2)) by adjusting the area ratio of the crystalline and amorphous parts on two fixed-length PCMs embedded on the MZI, and can achieve an all-optical splitter with arbitrary splitting ratio by configuring one fixed-length PCM.


Embodiments of the present invention include a speech recognition method. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving from an external system first recognition information to recognize a first plurality of words in a first system, programming the first system with the first recognition information to recognize the first plurality of words, generating first recognition results in response to receiving at least one of the first plurality of words in the first system, receiving from the external system second recognition information to recognize a second plurality of words, wherein the second recognition information is selected based on the first recognition results, and programming the first system with the second recognition information to recognize a second plurality of words.


DS signal is a kind of new type of communication,which has an advantage of good electronic defensive abilities.This technique has been widely used in many military and civilian aspects.There still remain unsolved problem on the countermeasures for such kind signals.Thus a large amount of theoretical and practical work should be done.The methods used to intercept DS signal in low signal on noise ratio conditions are reviewed,and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.The important problems are summarized and several promising approaches for solving such problems are proposed.


pwploti plots statistical power on the Y-axis and the required sample size of on the X-axis. Several lines can be plotted on the power curve, each one corresponding to a value of difference (defined in dlist) between two groups. It is an extension to sampsi. Most sampsi options are accepted. Note: pwploti only specifies the mean or proportion value in group 1, #1. The corresponding values in group 2 are derived from the #1 and differences between two groups, dlist. -keyplot- (q.v.) should be installed when more than four labels are needed.


Respiratory depression is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality related to opioids. Previous studies showed that leptin acts as respiratory stimulant and improves ventilation and upper airway obstruction induced by opioids without reducing analgesia. Our objective was to examine if the intranasal (IN) route of administration effectively delivers leptin to the brain and if leptin prevents opioid‐related deaths. We hypothesized that IN leptin would reduce opioid related mortality in adult mice.


Henrich's reflection takes its cue from a sentence of John, which emphasizes a characteristic of the partnership of man and woman in the spirit of Christianity: namely, that at its core it is the absence of fear for itself. John's theology of love is connected to this understanding of life. In his analysis of self-consciousness as an indubitable grounding, however, Henrich shows how a purely human understanding of love can be gained. Admittedly, real life bonds are most often formed and experienced in fluctuation between many modes of understanding. The procedural mode of this reasoning itself then becomes the theme of the investigation.


Abstract Reactions of sulphur with chlorinated phenols and 2,4-dichloroanisole in open vessels under nitrogen and at high temperatures were investigated with the aim of preparing thermostable polymers. The results indicate that the chlorine atom in 4-chlorophenol is very reactive, whereas that in 2-chlorophenol is unreactive. This explains why the chlorine content of the polymers is as high as 10–15%, and also suggests that the initial reactions occur in the 4-position, after which the ortho-chlorine and the hydrogen atoms react with thermally activated sulphur. The ratio of sulphur to monomer and the reaction time, temperature and pressure had definite effects on the reactions. The results were compared with earlier results obtained with sealed reaction ampoules. The products were of low or high molecular weight, depending on the above conditions. The sulphur content of the products was 20–30% and the softening points varied with the molecular weight. When the products were methylated the softening point...


This paper was prepared for the 43v3 Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Houston, Tex., sept, 2g-oct. 2, 1968. Permission to copy is.restricted to $V abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be cupied. The abstract should contain\ conspicuous acknowledgmentof where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement tG give proper credit is made.


This paper presents the power losses evaluation and comparison of three different Mega Watt MW scale multilevel converter topologies proposed for interfacing energy storage systems to medium voltage grids using Medium Frequency Transformers MFTs to provide the galvanic isolation. The candidates are the Hybrid Cascaded H Bridge HB Multilevel Converter HCHB-MLC topology, the second is an Unfold Cyclo-converter cell based Multilevel Converter UFCYC-MLC topology and the third is a proposed Folded Cyclo-converter based Multilevel Converter FCYC-MLC topology. Detailed electrical and dynamic thermal models of the converters' power electronics circuits are implemented and simulated using the PSIM. The semiconductor power losses of the various converters components and the power losses of the DC-link capacitors and the MFTs are evaluated using the simulation waveforms obtained at the nominal voltage of the converters and at different loading currents for the full range of the power factor. The results show that the HCHB-MLC topology gives the highest efficiency for a wide range of loading condition and the proposed FCYC-MLC topology is found more efficient than the conventional UFCYC-MLC.


Turkey hosts essential bauxite deposits, typically of the karstic-type. The most economically important bauxite deposits of Turkey form in the Seydisehir-Akseki region of the central Taurides Mountains. The Mortas and Dogankuzu deposits are the most important deposits in that region. The bauxite beds contain boehmite, hematite, rutile, smectite, quartz, diaspore, calcite, pyrite, marcasite and goethite. Brown to red-colored bauxite minerals are massive, oolitic – pisolitic textured. The Seydisehir schists could be possible parent rocks of bauxites, and have unearthed acidic source (mostly granite) with hornblende and plagioclase minerals. The schists were compositionally mature with minimal alkali feldspar sediments. The Mortas deposit is 400 m long and up to 40 m thick; it averages 10 m thick. It has about 5 million tons of ore reserves, with ~50 percent Al2O3. The Dogankuzu bauxite deposit is situated 2 km southwest of the Mortas deposit, with 14.9 million metric tons of ore at 61 percent Al2O3. The Dogankuzu ore was deposited on a fault-controlled karst surface of Cenomanian limestone succession, which was overlain by 5- to 10-cm-thick Santonian limestones. The bauxite has been mined by the Seydisehir aluminum factory, which was founded in 1973, and privatized in 2005. The plant is capable to produce 65.000 ton liquid aluminum per year, around 15% of Turkey's Aluminum demand.


Sami Parliaments in Finland, Norway, and Sweden made their motions of the Sami Truth and Reconciliation Commission to the governments of their states in 2016 and 2017. The model for this commission comes from Canada. Reconciliation is an ongoing process of establishing and maintaining respectful relationships, as the Canadian Commission defined it in its final report from 2015. The aim of this article is to examine the long reconciliation process and relationships between the Sami and states since the rise of the Sami movement. It is also a question of the change of the perspective from outwards to inwards looking, from a formal reconciliation towards real decolonizing work. The Nordic Sami Convention serves as a new instrument, when ratified between the states and the Sami Parliaments, to develop Sami self-determination and land and other rights by the Sami themselves on their own terms.


SA8000,including the regulations of child labor,forced sex labor,health and safety,freedom in union formation and collective negotiation,provides norm for enterprises.As the first international standard for social responsibility used by the third side,SA8000 requires the perfection in the system of labor rights protection.The author contrasts SA8000 with the related law and regulations of labor rights protection,and then puts forward some advice for the improvement of the legal system of labor rights protection in China.


We have used a millimeter-wave technique to probe the complex AC conductivity of (TMTSF)$104 in fields to 30 tesla. The fieldinduced-spin-density-wave (FISDW) transitions are clearly seen at low temperatures and low fields, as are the rapid oscillations at higher fields. In addition, we see evidence for a collective pinning mode of the FISDW at high fields.


Since many years, the behavior of dielectric materials is studied for the energy transportation or space applications. In our case, the Pulsed Electro Acoustic (PEA) method is selected to determine the space charges distribution in polymers submitted to an electron beam. In this work, the PEA measurements in non-contact mode during electronic irradiation are made to evaluate the charge injection dynamic. The measurements are realized with different irradiation conditions as different electronic fluxes and kinetic energies. Then a long relaxation step is performed to monitor the evolution of the injected space charges trapped in the bulk. The results concerning the relaxation phase are discussed in particular to try to explain the appearance of positive charge carriers at the sample surface.


An automatic powershift vehicle, e.g. a tractor, transmission comprises four forward driving paths which are selected by operating first and second multi-plate hydraulically operated clutch 73, 72 and third and fourth clutches 50, 30. The first forward path is established by first clutch 73 connecting gear 71 to input shaft 18 so that it drives gears 36 and 35 on first intermediate shaft, e.g. main shaft 28, gear 35 is meshed with gear 46 which is coupled via third clutch 50 to layshaft 40 having a gear 43 that drives output gear 26 on output shaft 22. The second forward path is provided by the second clutch 72 connecting gear 70 to the input shaft 18 so that it drives gear 33 on second intermediate shaft 31 which via gears 32, 44, 43, 26 and fourth clutch 30 drives the output shaft 22. Third forward path is established by the first clutch 73, third clutch 50 and gears 71, 36, 34, 45, 43 and 26. The fourth forward path is provided by the second clutch 72, fourth clutch 30 and gears 70 and 33. Four reverse driving paths are also provided by reverse gears (87, 88, fig 3) which are coupled to a reverse shaft (80) by reverse clutches (86, 85). The reverse shaft (80) is driven from the input shaft 18 by gears (19, 83).


We assessed the hourly occupancy of our intensive care unit by high dependency patients over an 8‐week period using the criteria established by the Working Group on Guidelines on Admission to and Discharge from Intensive Care and High Dependency Units published by the National Health Service Executive. High dependency patients accounted for 1914 bed hours (21.6%) out of a potential available total of 8880 hours. Measurement of Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System points and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores confirmed that categorising patients according to the new guidelines produced significantly different populations of patients. Mean (standard deviation) Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System points for intensive care status patients were 38.57 (10.40) compared to 21.66 (5.98) points for high dependency status patients (p < 0.001). Median (range) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score for intensive care status patients was 16 (1–45) compared to 11 (1–27) for high dependency status patients (p < 0.0001). Calculating bed occupancy with different definitions for the whole of our intensive care unit population during the 8 weeks revealed a range of occupancies between 85.3% and 107.3%. We recommend that intensive care unit bed occupancy should be calculated in a standard manner nationally to allow comparison between units. We suggest that hourly occupancy be adopted as the universal method.


In a recent study on the conjugation of benzoic acid in man, the author found that the excretion of hippuric acid proceeded at a constant rate irrespective of the amount of sodium benzoate administered. 1 Since it was further found that the output of hippuric acid was greatly increased by feeding glycine or foods rich in glycine such as gelatine, it became obvious that the rate of hippuric acid formation is dependent upon the speed with which the body can synthesize glycine. It was determined that a normal adult can produce enough glycine to conjugate from 0.90 to 1.30 gm. of benzoic acid per hour. Since the main site of the synthesis of glycine is presumably the liver, it was considered probable that certain types of liver damage might show a diminution in the hourly excretion of hippuric acid. On this basis a test was carried out as follows: 5.9 gm. of sodium benzoate dissolved in 150 cc. of water is administered 1 hour after a breakfast consisting of coffee and toast. Complete hourly specimens of urine are collected for 4 hours. Hippuric acid is determined by the author's method. 2 A simpler method which is sufficiently accurate for clinical purposes can be employed. In this procedure the hourly specimen is measured, transferred to a small beaker, and acidified with concentrated HCl until acid to Congo red. (1 cc. of the acid is usually sufficient.) The solution is vigorously stirred until the hippuric acid has completely crystallized out, and then is allowed to stand at room temperature for 1 hour. The hippuric acid is filtered off on a Buchner funnel or a small filter plate, washed with cold water, allowed to air dry, and finally weighed.


Recommended Citation Yakubov, M.S; Muxamedova, Z.G; Isroilov, U.Sh; and Fayzullaev, J.S (2018) "Methodological aspects of continuous controlling and diagnostics traction electrical equipments using methods of spectral analysis," Chemical Technology, Control and Management: Vol. 2018 : Iss. 1 , Article 15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34920/2018.1-2.85-90 Available at: https://uzjournals.edu.uz/ijctcm/vol2018/iss1/15


IF HAROLD PINTER REPRESENTS THE PEAK of the post-war English drama, then that drama is not good enough. Good as he is, he nevertheless lacks that quality of greatness we so ardently desire in great plays that move us deeply. And in the phrase, "great plays that move us deeply," I have probably betrayed my own shortcomings in my response to Pinter as well as what in my opinion are his deficiencies.There can be no doubt that Pinter is the most accomplished dramatist writing in English for the Theater of the Absurd. His nearest rival is Edward Albee, who, like Pinter, can write a play with beautifully ambiguous overtones of meaning—The Sandbox, for instance—and who is very skillful in his use of the vernacular, but sometimes, unlike Pinter, lets the words flow on in a flood. Pinter, as a playwright of the absurd, invariably prefers the tense, symbolic manner of Samuel Beckett. The tight economy of his writing emphasizes the tension in the situations of his plays. A large part of his accomplishment is his abi...


From 1944 to 1965, 1,274 primary carcinomas of the cervix were treated at the Chelsea Hospital for Women (Blaikley et al., 1969). Eighty‐four (6.1 per cent) were adenocarcinomas. There were only three growths in which mucus secretion was so abundant as to merit the description colloid. Apart from providing evidence of their endocervical origin these tumours present special difficulties in diagnosis and treatment. Vaginal bleeding is a late symptom and due to the delay in diagnosis prognosis is poor.


This report provides a brief summary of the outcomes of the research project on next generation ultra-low-power radar sensors and systems that was supported through a 2016 IEEE MTT-S Graduate Fellowship Award. Main objective was to perform research on energy-efficient continuous wave radar systems to build next-generation systems with highly accurate absolute distance measurements and an aimed average power consumption in the one-digit milliwatt range or even lower.


The modeling process of current target acquirement(TA) to predict system performance,including targeting task probability(TTP),ACQUIRE and Detect05,is introduced to analyze the expression of contrast threshold function in IR form.The reason why TTP becomes the most accurate prediction model in NVESD is analyzed,and the optimized process for ACQUIRE and Detect05 in the time-limited condition is also investigated.The transition between tactics TA and stratagem surveillance and reconnaissance(SR) is proposed as well as the relation between detect target probability and National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale(NIIRS) is established by using SNR and GSD as the transferred parameters.


The mechanism of multi-composition coalbed gas fractionation during the process of solution can be interpreted by Henry Law.This mechanism is a guide for the investigation of coalbed gas accumulation.Henry's constants of methane and carbon dioxide can be calculated by the experience formula,and the fugacity can be calculated by fugacity gene formula,based on Henry Law,the soluble mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane in groundwater with burial depth increasing were calculated.The result indicates that methane solubility increased with burial depth increasing,and carbon dioxide solubility increased at beginning and then decreased with burial depth increasing(critical depth of 800 m);but the solubility rate(cCO2/cCH4) decreased with burial depth increasing.This means that carbon dioxide soluble fractionation is stronger at shallow depth,and it becomes weaker with burial depth increasing.This mechanism can ascertain the coalbed gas accumulation,and can provide a theoretical foundation for ascertaining the optimal condition of injection carbon dioxide to enhance methane production.


The Tsunami hit a long, thin coastal strip stretching from Jaffna in the north, along the entire east and south coasts, and up the west coast as far north as Chilaw, over a thousand kilometres in length (two thirds of Sri Lanka's coastline). It engulfed buildings over 1 km from the shore in several places. Many people saved their lives by running as fast as they could to high ground [1]. They later congregated in makeshift refugee camps in Schools, Buddhist Monasteries, Hindu Temples, Churches and Mosques.


SUMMARY The wave propagation angle is one of the key factors in seismic processing methods. For the dual-domain propagators, it is sometimes necessary to acquire the wave propagation angle in the space-frequency domain instead of the wavenumber domain or the angle domain. We propose a method dealing with this problem, in which the wavefield gradient is used for the calculation of the wave propagation angle. The wavefield gradient can be directly obtained by either the finite difference approximation or the marching expression of the propagator. This method is not applicable in the case of extremely low frequency due to the comparability between the wavelength and the grid interval. Combined with the superwideangle one-way propagator, this approach is instrumental in simulating the turning wave, which is hard to be handled by the traditional one-way propagator. Numerical examples show the good performance of the superwide-angle one-way propagator with our approach involved. The turning wave is modelled accurately; as a result, a high-quality image of the overhanging salt flank can be obtained.


The occult sciences which magic has a share in it has always been one of the challenging and convoluted subjects in all religions especially in Islam. The divisions taken from magic and witchcraft and the exceptions existent in the zone mentioned all imply prevention and make sentencing any divine law about the subject difficult. The merciful Quran has not said anything clearly about the prevention but there are some evidence and quotation in some verses that according to the interpreters in some cases which refers to wizardry, it is prevented by the merciful book. In other cases the merciful book knows God's will the only source of natural traverse in the universe. It considers no real basis for wizardry and when it is so, there would remain no place for prevention. On the other hand, it is seen in some quotations that some parts of the aforementioned subject is admissible thoroughly.


The relevance of regional anaesthesia in orthopaedic surgery cannot be overemphasized because it has aided reduction in intra-operative and post-operative pain which has always been a challenge in surgical practice. It also reduces the risk of haemorrhage and infection. Though there are complications associated with regional anaesthesia, these complications are rare and can be anticipated; thus prompt intervention measures can be instituted. The outcome of every surgical procedure takes into consideration the risks and benefit of the method, and hence, since the benefits of regional anaesthesia in orthopaedic surgery outweighs the risks, it is highly recommended. Regional anaesthesia is of great importance in orthopaedic surgery because it offers continuous but controlled analgesia. It induces hypotension which leads to a reduction in blood loss during operation. It allows early recovery and ambulation of patients, thus reducing the risks associated with prolonged bed stay, which may, in turn, affect the overall outcome of surgery. This review aims to highlight the advantages and challenges of regional anaesthesia in orthopaedic surgery.


China came under intense international scrutiny after it was accused of suppressing information, silencing its doctors, and destroying laboratory evidence that led to the spread of COVID-19. To understand how China attempted to rebuild its reputation, this article examines the visual frames and semiotic devices used to depict Chinese frontline workers and the country's health governance across 289 photographs posted by China's state-owned Xinhua News Agency on Instagram. Healthcare workers appeared as soldiers working tirelessly on the COVID-19 battlefield, while also revealing their human emotions and vulnerabilities at times. Further, the efforts of the frontline workers were perpetually showcased as guided by the Chinese leaders who were omnipresent either physically or through Communist symbols. Xinhua's photographs thus presented the Chinese leadership as the architect in establishing a competent health sector that overcame the pandemic – a paradigm for the world to follow. The study discusses the implications for the state's portrayal of global health governance during crises.


In this paper we present novel methodologies for enhancing the streaming capabilities of Java RMI. Our streaming support for Java RMI includes the pushing mechanism, which allows servers to push data in a streaming fashion to the client site, and the aggregation mechanism, which allows the client site to make a single remote invocation to gather data from multiple servers that keep replicas of data streams and aggregate partial data into a complete data stream. In addition, our system also allows the client site to forward local data to other clients Our framework is implemented by extending the Java RMI stub to allow custom designs for streaming buffers and controls, and by providing a continuous buffer for raw data in the transport layer socket. This enhanced framework allows standard Java RMI services to enjoy streaming capabilities. In addition, we propose aggregation algorithms as scheduling methods in such an environment. Preliminary experiments using our framework demonstrate its promising performance in the provision of streaming services in Java RMI layers.


This edition of the two extant verse redactions of the twelfth-century Roman des sept sages is an expanded and updated version of Mary B. Speer's earlier edition (Lexington: French Forum, 1989; see FS, 46 (1992), 53–54). This new edition is based on two manuscripts of the romance: K for Paris BnF, MS fr. 1553, and C for Chartres, Bibliothèque municipale, MS 620. C was destroyed during the Second World War but a photocopy survived, which H. A. Smith used for the edition published in the Romanic Review (3 (1912), 1–67). In this new edition, manuscripts K and C are edited separately and compared in the introductory summary and in notes; the relation between the two manuscripts is discussed in the Introduction and the annotation. This edition also adds a French translation on pages facing the Old French texts. The Introduction to the romance includes most of the sections that were in the 1989 edition, in a revised form: the romance's place in the Seven Sages tradition; a description of the manuscripts and a list of earlier editions along with their filiation and controls; a study of the language of each manuscript as well as of their separate styles and versifications; dating; the establishment of the text; a careful summary of the plot and the exemplary tales as sub-plots in this debate romance. The plot is based on tales that support the claim of the king's wife that his son by an earlier marriage tried to seduce her, and the counter-argument by the Seven Sages that she is guilty of the infidelity. Two entirely new sections include: a discussion of the earliest versions of this romance and their widespread influence in verse and prose in at least twelve different languages and the French verse romance's status as a roman de clergie. There is also discussion of the inserted narrative examples as nouvelles as well as of their enchassement in the debate about the fate of the king's son and of their cyclic potential that was realized in the thirteenthcentury prose cycle in French on the Seven Sages. These are possible future areas of investigation for those interested in exploring the medieval nouvelle and the evolution of narrative modes. A careful plot summary is based on the two manuscripts of the verse versions that survive. An appendix contains all rejected readings. Evidence from verse versions of the thirteenth-century prose cycle and of theDolopathos, attributed to an otherwise unknown Herbert, are used when appropriate. More editions of the rather neglected Seven Sages prose manuscripts would establish the narrative potential of the legend's modest beginnings, which can be seen in these two manuscripts. The bibliography has been updated. This new edition of the verse redactions of the Roman des sept sages is a reliable addition to Seven Sages scholarship.


We report the deformation behavior of single crystalline molybdenum nanopillars in uniaxial compression, which exhibits a strong size effect called the "smaller is stronger" phenomenon. We show that higher strengths arise from the increase in the yield strength rather than through postyield strain hardening. We find the yield strength at nanoscale to depend strongly on sample size and not on the initial dislocation density, a finding strikingly different from that of the bulk metal.


CeOx-modified RhNi nanoparticles (NPs) grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (RhNi@CeOx/rGO) have been facilely prepared and successfully used as highly efficient catalysts for the rapid and complete hydrogen generation from aqueous solution of hydrazine borane (N2H4BH3) and hydrazine (N2H4), respectively. It was found that the CeOx-doped RhNi NPs with a size of around 3.5 nm were highly dispersed on rGO nanosheets. Among all the catalysts investigated, the optimized catalyst Rh0.8Ni0.2@CeOx/rGO with a CeOx content of 13.9 mol% exhibited the highest catalytic performance. The total turnover frequency (TOF) of Rh0.8Ni0.2@CeOx/rGO for hydrogen generation from N2H4BH3 reached 666.7 h−1 (molH2 mol(Rh+Ni)−1 h−1) at 323 K, which was among the highest of all the catalysts reported to date for this reaction, 10-fold higher than that of the benchmark catalyst Rh0.8Ni0.2, and 3-fold higher than that of Rh0.8Ni0.2 with a CeOx dopant (Rh0.8Ni0.2@CeOx) and a rGO support (Rh0.8Ni0.2/rGO). Even at room temperature, Rh0.8Ni0.2@CeOx/rGO can achieve a complete hydrogen generation from N2H4BH3 and N2H4 with a TOF value of 111.2 and 36.4 h−1. This excellent catalytic performance might be attributed to the synergistic structural and electronic effects of the RhNi NPs, CeOx dopant, and rGO support. Moreover, this general method can be easily extended to facile synthesis of other metal/rGO systems with the doping of rare-earth oxides for more applications.


Fatigue negatively impacts quality of life even in otherwise healthy individuals. Recent systematic reviews provide mechanistic plausibility for these effects. In addition, a recent study demonstrates that a combination of vitamins, minerals and Panax ginseng root dry extract (G115®) improves various domains of fatigue in real life.


The continual increasing performance of microelectronics products places a high demand on packaging technologies. This presentation will discuss the current environment, challenges, and technologies being pursued. Package technology migrations for microprocessors and communication products are described. Material needs for high thermal dissipation, high-speed signaling, and high-density interconnects are discussed. Microprocessor scaling for increased performance and reduced cost places significant challenges on power delivery and power removal due to reducing dimensions, operating voltages, and increasing power. Meeting these challenges indicates a need for advanced packaging solutions using advanced materials. New methodologies, metrologies, and materials/process technologies to address these challenges are also highlighted.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The article examines the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the turbo-expander cycles on low-boiling working fluids using those methods that are used for steam turbines, viz. increasing the parameters of the working fluid before the turbo-expander and using secondary overheating. Thus, four schemes of the turbo-expander cycle are considered: the one without overheating of the low-boiling working fluid, the one with single overheating of low-boiling fluid, the one with double overheating and the one with double overheating at supercritical parameters. All the studied cycles were considered with a heat exchanger at the outlet of the turbo expander, designed to heat the condensate of a low-boiling working fluid formed in the condenser of the turbo expander unit. Cycles inP–hcoordinates were built for the studied schemes. The method of thermodynamic analysis of the studied cycles based on the exergetic efficiency has been developed. The results of the research are presented in the form of Grassman-Shargut diagrams, which show exergy losses in the elements of the studied cycles on a scale, and also show the positive effect of the operation of the turbo-expander cycle in the form of electrical power. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the main losses that have a significant impact on the exergy efficiency are the losses of exergy in the recovery boiler. The increase of parameters of low-boiling working body, and the use of intermediate superheating reduce losses in the waste heat boiler and, consequently, increases exergetic efficiency of turbo-expander cycle. The turbo-expander cycle with double overheating at supercritical parameters of the low-boiling fluid is of the largest exergetic efficiency out of the schemes that have been examined.


Aim: The study set out to explore the perceptions and knowledge of drug use of the Bangladeshi origin population in Leicester through local Mosques and community and resource centers for recruiting subjects. Setting and Design: A triangulated methodology was used for this research. A review of all available literature was carried out to establish if there was evidence of a drug problem among the Bangladeshis in the UK along with questionnaires and interviews. Materials and Methods: A triangulated methodology was used for this research. A review of all available literature was carried out along with questionnaires as well as semi-structured interviews using self-designed questionnaires. Results and Conclusions: Only 66 questionnaires (16.5%) were returned (46 males and 20 females). These and qualitative exploratory interviews with a small number of community leaders confirmed that drug-related problems exist among the Bangladeshi community, especially in the younger age group and are recognized as such but help seeking is often problematic. An understanding of the perceptions of the Bangladeshi population is useful in developing culturally appropriate services for this group.


The Malaysian government is strongly promoting entrepreneurship as a career choice among
students. However, many students do not turn out to be entrepreneurs after their graduation,
especially Malays, despite the government call. It is proposed in this paper that students'
behavior and decision to become entrepreneurs can be explained by their intention, which is
influenced by three factors i.e. attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and
perceived behavioral control. Therefore, theory of planned behavior (TPB), developed by Ajzen
(1985), was applied as a basis for this study. A sample of 141 final year Malay accounting
students selected randomly in two public universities in Malaysia were asked to complete
questionnaires with 18 items that measured all variables under study. Descriptive and inferential
analyses were run to test the hypotheses formulated. Multiple regression analyses were
specifically conducted to test the model derived from TPB. Findings show that the model is valid
in predicting entrepreneurial intention. In particular, the study shows that all three factors
significantly influence students' intention to be an entrepreneur. Perceived behavioral control
emerged as the strongest factor that influences intention. The study's findings have important
implications especially to policy makers in promoting and developing future entrepreneurs in
Malaysia such as in the area of entrepreneurship education.


A novel water-soluble heptaplatin analogue, cis-[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis-(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane](3-hydroxy-1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II), has been synthesized and biologically evaluated. The complex shows more activity and less toxicity than its parent drug heptaplatin, exhibiting the great potential for further development.


Comparative law is an instrument of great importance for the analysis of all juridical institutions. In effect, thanks to the solutions and interpretations given in other juridical systems, it may be carried out an analysis of strong and weak points of those systems and to contribute, if it is the case, to the evolution of the internal juridical system. This research work studies a system that has always been a point of reference within the evaluation of systems of foreign
administrative justice and, specially the venezuelan system, as it is the study of the french system. A short study on this legal system allows us to put emphasis on its features, the function or specification which is given to administrative recourses in this Law and determine if this instrument, in the french system, guarantees a real protection of rights and concerns of those who are administrated in front of the administrative action that affects the juridical sphere.