................................................................................................................................... ii Preface ..................................................................................................................................... iv Table of contents ..................................................................................................................... v List of tables............................................................................................................................ ix List of figures ........................................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................. xiv Dedication .............................................................................................................................. xv Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Significance of research ............................................................................................ 2 1.2 Site description.......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Study background ..................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Experimental approach ............................................................................................. 4 1.5 Research objectives ................................................................................................... 5 1.6 Thesis structure ......................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 2: A novel approach to studying geochemical attenuation in mine waste rock: stacked field cells and humidity cells connected in series ................................................... 7 2.


Abstract Salmonella reduction in broilers from commercial broiler breeders vaccinated with live and killed Salmonella vaccines was evaluated. Broiler breeders were vaccinated with Poulvac ST live Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine at 1 d of age, and this was repeated at 2 and 6 wk of age. The breeders were then administered a killed autogenous oil emulsion adjuvanted vaccine containing Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Salmonella Hadar, at 10 and 18 wk of age. From the ages of 36 to 52 wk, eggs from the breeder flock were hatched, and progeny were challenged in 4 separate experiments at 1 d of age by oral gavage with 1 × 106 cfu/chick by either Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Heidelberg, Salmonella Hadar, or Salmonella Enteritidis, each containing resistance to naladixic acid at 32 μg/mL. At 17 to 21 d of age, the broilers were euthanized, and 1 side of the cecum was cultured for Salmonella, and the other side of the cecum was used for enumeration on positive samples. Recovered Salmonella was confirmed to be the challenge strain by O-antisera grouping. This study indicated a difference in Salmonella incidence and enumeration between the vaccinated and nonvaccinated breeder groups for certain species. When challenged with serotypes Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Hadar, and Salmonella Heidelberg, protection was noted with a reduction of 28, 17, and 11%, respectively, when compared with the control groups. However, protection was not seen when challenged with S. enteritidis. Under the conditions of this study, live and killed vaccination of commercial broiler breeders with Salmonella contributes protection to progeny when challenged at 1 d of age.


IPF is a chronic progressive lung disease in which PR provides benefit for patients. PD, a TCM PR programme, has known effectiveness in COPD, but its utility in IPF is unknown. We investigated its effectiveness and safety in patients with IPF.


In the past 6000 years, coastal plain of Wenzhou region has been formed withaccumulation of sediments on former estuary since the Holocene marine transgressioncarried the sea level to its present general level. Off Wenzhou coast, there are manyislands intercepting northeasterly waves and providing a natural defence for the coastalsection. Thus, a sheltered depositional environment is formed behind these islands.In this case, with continuous supplying of sediments, the sheltered area is graduallyshallowing and the shoreline of coastal plain continues to propagate. A broad mudflatis growing up in the intertidal zone with a great tidal range, and the break-wavestravel to and fro on the slope in a direction opposite to the flood tidal stream and ebbstream. This process is going on at different levels on mudflat, and has an importantbearing on the sediment transportation of mudflat and on the formation of mudflatprofile. This article is an approach to mudflat formation from its historical and presentprocess, with an attempt to provide some thoeretical analyses for national explora tionand comprehensive utilization on the mudflat.


of the pre-Islamic poet Zuhayr as part of his moral teachting and as enjoining the warrior to initiate aggression. According to our understanding of the poem, these verses are a description of a certain Ibn Damdam, a warrior who had violated a tribal peace by a unilateral act of revenge. To say that the poet is recommending such violence is highly questionable. The poem is political (and politic), commemorating a second tribal peace and enjoining all parties to live up to its terms. In Arabic belles lettres, Zuhayr's poem is noted for its classic condemnation of war, a point the author totally ignores. This, however, does not affect the book's main thesis. Professor Izutsu's analysis, scholarly and perceptive, confirms some of the findings of earlier scholars, but goes considerably beyond them, particularly in its treatment of Qur'anic terms. The author is Professor of Cultural and Linguistic Studies at Keio University, Tokyo, and is Visiting Professor at the McGill Institute of Islamic Studies where he spends six months annually teaching Islamic theology and philosophy. The book, a drastically revised version of an earlier work, The Structure of Ethical Terms in the Qur'dn, initiates a new series, the McGill Islamic Studies. It augurs well for this series.


The precursor of La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3-x)Ca_xCo_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(LSCCF,x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20) as the cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell were synthesized by a citrate method using metal nitrate as the start materials in the work.The formation process,crystal structure,powder morphology,catalysis performance and chemical compatible with the electrolyte were investigated with TG-DSC,XRD and SEM.The experimental results showed that the precursor calcined at 800℃ for 3 h could form a perovskite phase powders with particle diameter distribution less than 20 μm.The electrical conductivity of all samples sintered at 1 200℃ for 3 h measured by four-probe DC method in air from 100℃ to 800℃ increases with decreasing the content of Ca~(2+),and the minimum of the electrical conductivity of LSCCF by a citrate method was 500 S/cm from 500℃ to 800℃.The LSCCF powders,slowed down 14℃ for the fire point of carbon powder as catalyst and are good chemical compatible with the electrolyte Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_2.


Angel and Enchantress" are two fictive types in "the comments on female images" of Western Feminism Literature. The essence of both images indicates that the male oppress the female in the form of linguistic pattern. It is in The Garden of Wistaria by authoress Wang Xiao-yu that the two female images are just the sharp contrast between angel and enchantress. It is clear that the authoress subconsciously sticks up for the androcratist consciousness.


Pervasive computing is a computing method which emphasizes people oriented. This method advocates the idea that computing has to meet humans' habits. Context aware is one of core technology of pervasive computing. Association rules mining is a method that mine and detect the relation between event with another event or item from mass datasets. However, traditional association rules mining only takes statistical property of data into consideration that means these algorithms ignore the significance of users' context-aware information and users' preference for the items which have an important impact on the association rules we got. This paper pays attention to an improved algorithm on context-factors and preference.


The proper orthogonal decomposition, also known as Karhunen
-Loeve expansion, is applied to pressure on the roof of a
low-rise building. The point pressure were measured
simultaneously at 494 pressure taps and used in the analysis.
The pressure space (zero time lag ) correlation matrix was
computed and employed to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors
for two cases: roof and walls pressure field (RWPF) and roof
pressure field (RPF). The first two of RPF modes were found to
be respectively similar in shape to the mean square of pressure
 and mean pressure derivative computed with respect to the wind
direction. Strong interaction between wall and roof pressure can
be identified from POD analysis.


This article highlights the current collapse of adult learning opportunities and the key importance of adult learning to a new public education in a fast-changing world, and makes practical proposals for Labour's National Education Service.


Objective To examine the changes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),and to investigate the relationships between T lymphocyte,disease activity and 24-hour urine protein excretion.Methods Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets of 76 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) and 36 healthy women were determined by flow cytometry.Results Compared with healthy women,there were abnormalities of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in 75.0% of SLE patients.The CD3 + CD4 + cells were lower(P 0.01),and the CD3 + CD8 + cells were higher(P 0.01).The ratios of CD3 + CD4 + cells / CD3 + CD8 + cells were lower,59.6% of which were inverted(P 0.01).The abnormal T cell subsets significantly correlated to the disease activity,24-hour urine protein excretion,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and complements C3,C4 in SLE patients.Conclusions Abnormal T cell subsets may suggest that cellular immune functions are impaired in SLE patients,and the abnormality of T cell subsets is a helpful parameter for lupus activity and severity.


This paper proposes a stochastic subspace identification (SSI) based modelling scheme to analyse small-signal stability (SSS) of wind power integrated power system. A reduced-order model which describes dominant dynamics of a power system is obtained by SSI. With this model, impact of wind farm controls on evolutions of critical modes of the power system is identified on-line. Superior to linearised model based analysis, tedious modelling procedures are significantly simplified. The proposed scheme can be implemented on-line without interfering normal operation of the system. Therefore, it can be used for power system dynamic security assessment. Furthermore, the relations between oscillation patterns and network variables can be analysed and quantized with network modal index provided by the proposed scheme. With the index, optimal network variable can be selected for online damping control design, which provides a potential way to improve power system SSS. Effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated by simulations.


Ultra-precision diamond milling (UPDM) is one of ultra-precision machining approaches, providing nanometric surface roughness (NSR). The NSR exhibits rich anisotropic features, which is very sensitive to noise. However, there is lack of effective assessment of the anisotropic NSR. Therefore, the study proposed surface difference and surface curvatures as extra parameters to estimate the anisotropic NSR of UPDM. Moreover, noise effects were reduced by probability distribution with the 95–99 rule. Significantly, the proposed method effectively represents the anisotropic assessment of the NSR of UPDM.


A good friendship which exists between the two disciplines, philosophy and theology. Each serves and supports the other. Theology provides a good base for philosophical scrutiny. Philosophy can assist theology by helping it to think clearly and coherently about what it seeks to say and how to say it.


The widespread use of high-resolution computed tomography in clinical and research settings has increased the detection of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) in asymptomatic and undiagnosed individuals. We reported that in smokers, ILA were present in about 1 of every 12 high-resolution computed tomographic scans; how- ever,thelong-termsignificanceofthesesubclinicalchangesremains unclear. Studies in families affected with pulmonary fibrosis, smok- ers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients with inflammatory lung disease have shown that asymptomatic and undiagnosed individuals with ILA have reductions in lung volume, functional limitations, increased pulmonary symptoms, histopatho- logic changes, and molecular profiles similar to those observed in patients with clinically significant interstitial lung disease (ILD). These findings suggest that, in select at-risk populations, ILA may represent early stages of pulmonary fibrosis or subclinical ILD. The growing interest surrounding this topic is motivated by our poor understanding of the inciting events and natural history of ILD, coupled with a lack of effective therapies. In this perspective, we outline past and current research focused on validating radiologic, physiological, and molecular methods to detect subclinical ILD. We discussthelimitationsoftheavailablecross-sectionalstudiesandthe needforfuturelongitudinalstudiestodeterminetheprognosticandtherapeuticimplicationsofsubclinicalILDinpopulationsatriskof developing clinically significant ILD.


The present claimed invention relates to the use of poly-tetrahydrofuran prepared by misfire alkoxylated poly tetrahydrofuran with at least one C


The research results of the Fritillaria pyrenaica developmental biology in the Central Yakutiaconditions are presented in the article. The assessment of the seasonal rhythms of growth and development is done, the biomor-phological characteristic of the sort generative individuals is given, the data on the individual development of plants are presented. It is found that this type is stable in the Central Yakutiaconditions, it is of interest for the collection funds as the highly-decorative and requiring protection species.


The purpose of this report is to investigate the demand for forest contractors using horses in forest operations and also how well they think the opportunities are for new generations of coachmen to get educated using horses in forestry. A regular survey was sent out to different contractors who then replied with their answers. The reason for this investigation is that the environmental concerns are increasing in Sweden and the demand for more environmentally friendly solutions. The results showed for instance that nearly every one of the contractors that participated in the study provided their horses into forest operations. On the contrary many of them thought that the demands for horses in forest operations were small. The conclusion is that our counties in Sweden could be better on requesting horses for forest operations near cities or on rough grounds.


While NATO nations have long enjoyed relative security from air attack at military installations, recent developments in missile technology and doctrine have threatened that security. With 26 conflicts worldwide in the past 100 years featuring airbase attacks, doctrine and planning tools must be updated to allow continued use of air bases within missile range of enemy forces. Research conducted for the United States Air Force identifies the areas of base resilience and how they affect mission capability. Several models have been developed based on these principles, but there are gaps in model capability and usefulness for allied partners. This paper presents the proposal of a novel base planning model capable of directly quantifying missile attack consequences and generating optimal site layout plans and protection strategies. This model would be implemented using multi-objective genetic algorithms to identify solutions that provide optimal tradeoffs between the competing objectives of minimizing attack consequences, minimizing site construction costs, and minimizing mission impact. These capabilities are expected to assist military engineers in their critical task of analyzing and selecting the design strategy that minimizes operational impacts to a base located in a contested region.


The pyridyloxycarbophosphazene, [NC(NMe2)]2[NP(p-OC5H4N)2] (L), reacted with Cd(OAc)2·4H2O to afford a rail-road-like double-strand coordination polymer, [{Cd(CH3COO)2(L)}(CH3OH)(H2O)2]n (1). The crystal structure of 1 reveals that L functions as a bridging ligand to link successive cadmium atoms. Two such parallel-running strands are further interconnected by actetate bridging ligands forming Cd2O2 four-membered connections. The double-stranded coordination polymer is taken into the second dimension by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the oxygen atoms of the acetate bridge and a tetrameric water cluster. Interaction of L with Cd(NO3)2·4H2O leads to the formation of [Cd(NO3)2(L)(MeOH)]n (2). In the presence of pyridine (Py), this reaction affords [Cd(NO3)2(L)(Py)2]n (3). In contrast to 1, compounds 2 and 3 are single-strand one-dimensional (1-D) coordination polymers. In 1−3, the cadmium atoms are seven-coordinate in a pentagonal−bipyramidal geometry. The reaction of L with ZnCl2, MnCl2, or CoCl2 l...


Dr. Cheadle worked in the oil and gas industry for 23 years before coming back to his alma mater at Western in 2009 as the Chair of Petroleum Geology. His current role at Western has now branched out beyond just Earth Sciences, and a lot of his work is done for the Faculty of Science as the Director of Science Professionalism and Entrepreneurship. "It's a role primarily created because we saw a need to help students develop professional skills prior going out to careers where they practice their science. As a community in Western Science, we all need to work together and strive towards a greater degree of professional competency in everything we do." He has made strides to accomplish this the creation of the Western Entrepreneurship, which is "an ecosystem that we're creating across campus that will allow faculty, staff, and students access to programs and funds in order to create exciting new ventures."


Purpose Speckle tracking imaging (STI) is a recent technique that evaluates an echocardiographic image throughout the cardiac cycle and provides dynamic variables such as tissue velocities and strain rates. The objective of our study was to determine 1) if STI can be used to quantify proximal aortic compliance and 2) if decreased aortic compliance determined by STI will reproduce the previously reported correlation with diastolic function. Methods This was a retrospective observational case series using previously obtained intraoperative transesophageal images. Diastolic performance was quantified by STI-based longitudinal velocities of the basal-septal and basal-lateral walls of the left ventricle in early diastole (LV E 0 ). Change in proximal aortic volume was calculated


The Larval serum protein‐2 gene (Lsp‐2) of Drosophila melanogaster encodes one of the major hexameric haemolymph proteins of third‐instar larvae and a major component of adult serum. Regulated transcription of Lsp‐2 results in high‐level, ecdysone‐stimulated expression throughout the larval fat body and low‐level, spatially restricted expression in the adult fat cells. To localize cis‐acting regulatory se quences responsible for the stage‐ and tissue‐specific activity of Lsp‐2, the expression of Lsp‐2–IacZ fusion genes was studied by P element‐mediated germline transformation of Drosophila. A 230 base pair larval enhancer, which includes an ecdysone response element (EcRE), specifically targets gene activity to the larval fat body. Although the adult mode of Lsp‐2 expression depends on the larval enhancer, additional negative regulatory elements dictate both tissue‐specificity and unique spatial restriction within the adult fat body. Implications of these findings for the identification of fat body‐specific gene regulatory units in other insects are discussed.


A recently formulated conjecture of Gamayun, Iorgov and Lisovyy gives an asymptotic expansion of the Jimbo–Miwa–Ueno isomonodromic τ-function for certain Painlevé transcendents. The coefficients in this expansion are given in terms of conformal blocks of a two-dimensional conformal field theory, which can be written as infinite sums over pairs of partitions. In this note a discrete matrix model is proposed on a lattice whose partition function can be used to obtain a multiple integral representation for the length-restricted partial sums of the Painlevé conformal blocks. This leads to expressions of the partial sums involving Hänkel determinants associated to the discrete measure of the matrix model, or equivalently, Wronskians of the corresponding moment generating function which is shown to be of the generalized hypergeometric type.


If an organization makes a wrong decision, it is certain that it can result in losses with a domino effect, especially in a depressed economic condition like today, for that decision selection must optimize the benefits of every possibility and minimize the losses that will be incurred. The purpose of this study is to assist in decision making and find out which vendor is best through a descriptive qualitative research approach with a focus on selecting security service vendors that will be used as a reference, the data in this study were obtained from the method of observation, interviews, and literature study to then be processed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach by utilizing expert choice software in the hope of finding options that match the required criteria. From the research results it is known that there are four factors that are used as references in decision making, namely administrative, price, technical and qualification factors, with the alternative choice, namely PT. Handaru, PT. ABDI and PT. Wake up, after processing the data it is known that the best choice fell to PT. Handaru with a vector eigen value of 0.508 with an overall incostintency value of 0.02.


Summary form only given. Multimedia modules and computer-based education methods provide valuable resources to boost interest in engineering education and enhance the ability to effectively teach and conceptually learn engineering subjects. The use of modern technologies provides opportunities to combine visualization of complex mathematical and abstract subjects with experiences with visual laboratories and the ability to make measurements using virtual instruments. The development of guided use of simulation software, and the possibility of experiencing virtual participation in practical applications, are also among the many advantages of multimedia-based education. In this article, the features of some of the multimedia CD-ROM products developed by the CAEME Center for Multimedia Education and Technology are demonstrated and preliminary results from controlled assessment experiments illustrating the advantages of multimedia-based teaching are discussed. Some emphasis is placed on the electromagnetics (EM) CD ROM which include topics covering a two semesters introductory course in EM.


This paper presents an analytical investigation of the nonlinear interaction of phase-mixed Alfv´ en waves in the frame- work of two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics. It focuses on the parametric decay of the phase-mixed pump Alfvwave into two daughter Alfv´ en waves. This parametric decay is a non- linear phenomenon which does not occur in ideal MHD since it is induced by the combined action of finite wave amplitude and the non-zero gyroradius of the ions. In contrast to intu- itive expectation, the effects of the non-zero gyroradius of the ions are already important at length scales that are substantially longer than the ion gyroradius. The parametric decay occurs for relatively small wave amplitude and is more efficient than collisional damping.


Abstract Natural gas is the second fastest growing energy source after nonhydro renewables. The role of natural gas in the world's energy supply is growing rapidly. Natural gas is one of the most widely used forms of energy today. Natural gas prices are developed for the residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and electric utility sectors. Natural gas is found around the world, but the largest reserves are in the former Soviet Union and the Middle East. The history of natural gas production and use in the industrial era is dominated by the United States, which accounted for well over 95% of global gas production and use well into the 1930s. The main objective of the present study is to investigate global natural gas demand, supplies, and its share in global energy sources by presenting its historical development.


In this paper, the discrete-time periodic Lyapunov equation (DPLE) is considered. Criteria for the existence and the uniqueness of periodic solutions of DPLE are worked out. It is also treated the case of positive (semi)definite solutions. To this aim, reference is made to the controllableuncontrollable decomposition of the periodic pair underlying DPLE.


Languages for All (Do we really mean all?): Can all children learn foreign languages? Can all children benefit from foreign language learning? A climate for foreign language learning Aims and expectations Contexts for learning: special schools and units Contexts for learning: mainstream schools and units. Maximising Potential: Selecting a curriculum development strategy Recognising common sources of difficulty Identifying individual learners in difficulty Reducing or eliminating curricular barriers Helping all students to learn more effectively. Implications for Management: Introduction Managing learning in the classroom Design of tasks Principles of course design Course content Managing curricular links Alternatives to exclusion from MFL provision in mainstream schools Operational models in mainstream schools and units Operational variable in special schools and units


An improvement in the resonant microcantilever-based sensor's sensitivity is proposed by varying the microcantilever weight distribution. The relationship between the resonant frequency of different microcantilevers and their dimensions is investigated using the analytical method and finite element method. The principle to increase the resonant frequency drift when the target gas is absorbed by the sensor is established. The ratio of resonant frequency to cantilever mass is used to evaluate the efficiency of this principle. It is found that making the free end of the microcantilever thinner and narrower can enhance the sensor's measurement sensitivity, which is validated by the investigation of many different shaped cantilevers. Using these results, a dual-triangular microcantilever that has the highest frequency drift is proposed for sensing applications. The microcantilever's fabrication is also simply discussed in this paper.


This paper considers the downlink for multiuser systems with a multiple antenna base station site and non-cooperative single antenna mobile stations. Traditionally, the goal of the base station site setup is user separation. We compare different deployment setups with respect to their achievable performance for several possible transmission schemes. A shift in strategy from separated sectors to overlapping sectors is proposed. Here, multiuser preceding techniques like Tomlinson-Harashima preceding (THP) allow for the exploitation of the available diversity and therefore offer large gains compared to the traditional separated sectors approach.


A virtual instrument is introduced to instructional experiment and LabVIEW is introduced in brief in this paper.The features and the advantages ofthe virtual instrumentare formulated.The feasibilityofLabVIEWininstructional experimentis illusˉtrated by virtual oscillograph.


A complete stratigraphic section and intensly tectonic magmatic activity characterize the Kalamaili Gold Zone. Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous startigraphy are the primary auriferous strata that outcrops in the zone. The Kalamaili deep fracture, which controls the distribution of intrusive rocks, secondary structures and gold deposits, is the main conduit for magmatic intrusion. The branching faults and fissures created open spaces. The Kalamaili deep fracture crosses the region, creating excellent metallogenic conditions.. Gold anomalies, occurrences and deposits are distributed along the strike. Seven prospective regions for gold deposit are proposed..


A subspace-based sidelobe suppression scheme is proposed for interference-avoidance in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) cognitive radio systems. Specifically, OFDM systems have often been employed in cognitive radio systems due to its flexibility and adaptivity in utilizing certain parts of the spectrum. That is, when primary or licensed users are sensed in certain frequency subbands, secondary or unlicensed users can simply turn off the corresponding subcarriers in these subbands to avoid interference. However, due to sidelobe radiation from neighboring subcarriers, this simple on-off operation is often insufficient to guarantee low interference to primary users and, thus, more advanced techniques must be employed. In this thesis, we propose a subspace-based sidelobe suppression scheme where, instead of utilizing all available subcarriers for data transmission, we map the data into a carefully chosen subspace in order to minimize the sidelobe radiation in the primary users' spectrum and possibly impose a active cancellation signals in its orthogonal subspace. We show that the general subspace-based sidelobe suppression scheme includes as special cases the carrier cancellation and the guard band schemes previously proposed in the literature. First of all, with the goal of minimizing the interference, we show that the active cancellation signal is not needed as long as the data is placed in a properly chosen subspace. This allows secondary users to utilize all its power for data transmission. Then, based on the chosen data-bearing subspace, we derive the optimal input covariance matrix by maximizing the system sum rate. The optimal solution is derived for the case employing only the AWGN channel model whereas suboptimal solutions are proposed for the case with fading channels to reduce the complexity of the problem. In the further work, it is worthwhile to note that, with the goal of maximizing the system sum rate, the use of suppression signals can now be beneficial. Furthermore, to increase the dimensions and the flexibility of the design, the proposed schemes will be then extended to the case where the data subspace and the cancellation signals are jointly optimized over multiple OFDM symbols in our future investigation.


Taste sensations are of primary importance in food flavor. Any attempt to synthesize chemically the flavor of a natural food involves mainly taste active compounds. Many distinct taste sensations can be identified as associated with food compounds. Thirteen different taste sensations are discussed herein. These different taste sensations are differentiated on the basis of stimulus chemistry and peripheral nerve conveying the taste information. Neurophysiological examination of the peripheral nerves involved in taste reveals that the sensory neurons can, in any species, be subdivided into distinct neural groups. These different neural groups respond to distinct classes of chemicals and often display different neurophysiological characteristics. Altogether in four different species, nine functional neural taste groups can be distinguished. In many cases, these neural groups can be taken as analogs for the neural groups assumed to underly human taste sensations. Distinct human taste sensations can be considered to arise from the excitation or inhibition of different neural groups. For certain human taste sensations there are no animal neural analog groups; and for certain neural groups there are no analog human sensations.


According to the characteristics of piggery, such as complex environment, numerous control objects, complex wiring, a piggery environment control system based on wireless sensor networks was designed. This system consisted of the wireless network composed of various devices and sensors in piggery, the control center with ARM-LINUX and the remote control center. The energy of sensor nodes was offered by batteries in wireless sensor networks so that the power source was limited. In order to strengthen the node energy management, the LEACH algorithm was combined with AODV routing protocol, and a new optimization algorithm called LEACH-A was proposed in this paper. The wireless sensor networks execution process was divided into two phases, including cluster building and data transmission. In the two phases, the node residual energy was calculated by a weighted function and the cluster head role was changed by the size of remaining energy. NS-2 simulation results show that the proposed algorithm prolonged the lifetime of the nodes and the networks, and realized the energy optimization management.


Tri-allelic peaks are rarely detected from single-source DNA in the case of testing with commercial STR kits, while homozygous or heterozygous peaks are fre-quently observed at each locus. Tri-allelic patterns can possibly occur in healthy peo-ple, and the peak balance of various tri-alleles from diŠerent origins can cause some problems that discern from artifact peaks aŠecting the result of STR typing, or di‹culties in the evaluation of kinship. In this study, diŠerent samples from a volunteer with D21S11 tri-alleles ( alleles 26, 29, and 30 ) were tested using routine STR analysis methods. The peak balances of the tri-allele varied signiˆcantly between samples, therefore a type 1 tri-allelic pattern caused by somatic mutation in the early stages of diŠerentiation was possible because the sum of the lower two peak heights was roughly equal to the highest peak height in every case. Direct sequence analysis of the individual's family members revealed that the tri-allelic pattern was not inherited from the mother, nor was it passed down to the daughter. In addition, a mutated form of one of the tri-alleles and its mutated repeat unit and numbers were identiˆed. When tri-allelic peaks are suspected, it is essential to analyze not only intra-locus peak balance but also the whole electropherogram proˆle. This means that STR typ-ing is necessary considering the fact that pull-up peaks or stutter peaks could resem-ble tri-allelic peaks.


The aim of this paper is to study the equivalence between quasi‐norms of Besov spaces on domains. We suppose that the domain Ω ⊂ ℝn is a bounded Lipschitz open subset in ℝn. First, we define Besov spaces on Ω as the restrictions of the corresponding Besov spaces on ℝn. Then, with the help of equivalent and intrinsic characterizations (the Peetre‐type characterization 3.10 and the characterization via local means 3.13) of these spaces, we get another equivalent and intrinsic quasi‐norm using, this time, generalized differences and moduli of smoothness. We extend the well‐known characterization of Besov spaces on ℝn described in Theorem 2.4 to the case of Lipschitz domains.


Direct intervention in the foreign exchange market and monetary policy, particularly interest rate policy, seems to be inextricable linked, even when direct interventions are fully and immediately sterilized. Looking at them separately in empirical studies may therefore give misleading results. Some research also suggests that direct intervention and monetary policy changes are more effective when coordinated, highlighting the need to look at the impact of intervention and interest rate policy on exchange rates in a joint framework. However, most studies looking at the impact of these policy instruments on exchange rate dynamics look at these policy instruments in isolation. This study seeks to close this gap by investigating in a multivariate GARCH framework whether direct intervention "signals" the future interest rate policy stance of the Central Bank or whether interest rate policy decisions induce interventions designed to "lean against the wind" of exchange rate trends in Jamaica. If the former relation dominates it would suggest that direct intervention is used to reinforce monetary policy initiatives but if the latter dominates it would suggest that direct interventions are used to resist exchange rate changes generated by fundamentals. In the latter case this may reflects a policy conflict between monetary policy and direct interventions generated by vulnerability to external shocks. JEL Classification: E58; E43; F31


A UK consultant surgeon accused of the manslaughter of a teenager who died on the operating table was found not guilty just before Christmas after only 50 …


The article considers the counterculture phenomenon in the concept of A.Gramshi's cultural hegemony. On the basis of substantive provisions of the theory of A.Gramshi the formula explaining occurrence and refusal of a counterculture in the USA in 1960s is deduced.


Active compounds derived from pomegranate and sea-buckthorn were encapsulated into polylactide (PLA-based fibers) and poly(vinyl-pirrolidone) (PVP-based fibers) nanofibers using electrospinning technique. The focus was on the antioxidant activity of prepared nonwovens. Morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties were also examined. Due to the different physical and chemical properties of the basic polymers, the obtained results indicate that PLA-based fibers have better antioxidant activity than PVP-based ones. All prepared samples were formed from bead-less continuous fibers networks, but in the case of PLA-based samples some small irregularities in the structure occurred. Mechanical properties were improved with the addition of active compounds in most of the cases, while thermal properties were slightly affected. Preserved antioxidant activity of active compounds by encapsulation and good material properties significant for manipulation, make these functional materials promising candidates for application in cosmetics.


The switched reluctance motor is an aged member of the electric machine family. Its simple structure, rugged behavior, and economical manufacture ability makes them attractive for industrial applications. However, these merits are over shadowed by its inherently nonlinear characteristics, acoustic noise, and complexity of control. This paper discusses the practical approach of finding optimum drive parameters to control switched reluctance motor. The technique mentioned in this paper requires the test run of motor at given speed and torque for formation of lookup tables referred as training mode and then motor can be switched to normal run referred as operational mode. Eventually this technique does lead to low cost control of switched reluctance machines.


ABSTRACT The current period of disruptive social change is inextricably bound up with new means and modes of communication, information, and media streams. The Communication, Information Technologies & Media Sociology section of the American Sociological Association (CITAMS) locates these factors at the center of our collective interests, investigating them through a plethora of methods, theories, and empirical cases. Each year, CITAMS runs a special issue in ICS showcasing select works presented at the previous year's American Sociological Association conference and the affiliated Media Sociology preconference. Papers in the 2022 CITAMS Special Issue reflect a social context defined by a prolonged global pandemic and wrought by democratic uncertainty. Across these social circumstances, technology and media loom large. Simultaneously, everyday life continues and classic CITAMS scholarship sustains relevance for the ways people interact, construct identity, consume, and mobilize. All of this and more are contained in the pages of this year's Special Issue, from which readers can get a sense of what CITAMS has to offer and consider how their own work may fit within the broad CITAMS umbrella.


Two randomized trials (MITRA-FR and COAPT) of transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) for functional MR have shown symptomatic improvement but discordant results for heart failure hospitalizations compared to optimal medical therapy. Differences between real-world patients similar to the trial population in terms of symptomatic outcome and mortality have not been shown yet.

 Our study compared patients similar to both studies in terms of NYHA development and mortality at 1-year follow-up (FU).

 In our center, 447 patients were treated with TMVR for MR grade 3 and 4 between 2012 and 2018. For the comparative analysis with MITRA-FR and COAPT, we applied filters to our database patients according to the published echocardiographic inclusion criteria and baseline data (COAPT: effective regurgitant orifice area [ERO]) 0.41±0.15cm2; left ventricular ejection fraction [LV-EF] 31.3±9.1%, left ventricular end-diastolic volume [LVEDV] 194.4±69.2ml; MITRA-FR: ERO 0.31±0.1 cm2; LV-EF 33.3±6.5, indexed LVEDV 136.2±37.4 ml).

 Out of our database, 91 patients were categorized as COAPT-like and 92 as MITRA-FR-like. COAPT-like patients had an ERO of 0.40±0.16cm2, LV-EF of 32.7±4.8%, LVEDV of 195±53.7ml and indexed LVEDV of 103.6±26.0ml/cm2 (Figure A). MITRA-FR-like patients had an ERO of 0.31±0.07 cm2, LV-EF of 31.7±5.0%, LVEDV of 221.7±60.8ml and indexed LVEDV of 117.9±29.1 ml/cm2. The difference of ERO and LVEDV between both groups was statistically significant. The majority of patients in both groups were in NYHA class III or IV at baseline (97% COAPT-like group, 98% MITRA-FR-like group, p=0.44).
 MR reduction was equally effective in both groups, with 85 (93%) COAPT-like patients and 88 (96%) MITRA-FR-like patients having MR grade 1 or 2 at discharge. Clinical FU was available in 62 (68%) and 67 (73%) COAPT-like and MITRA-FR-like patients, respectively. The majority of patients improved symptomatically after TMVR. Before TMVR, 1 (98%) COAPT-like patient and 2 (97%) MITRA-FR-like patients were in NYHA class I or II compared to 36 (58%, p<0.01) COAPT-like patients and 38 (57%, p<0.01) MITRA-FR-like patients at FU (p=1.0 for intergroup comparison). Overall, 40 (65%) COAPT-like patients and 43 (64%) MITRA-FR-like improved at least one NYHA class (p=1.0 for intergroup comparison; Figure B). There were no differences in overall survival between groups with 68.9% of COAPT-like patients and 74.5% of MITRA-FR-like patients alive at 1-year FU (p=0.53, Figure C).
 Figure 1

 Our real-world data shows that TMVR leads to symptomatic improvement in both MITRA-FR-like and COAPT-like patients to a similar extent, despite substantial echocardiographic differences. Both patient groups have a similar survival rate.


ZnO layers were deposited on 6H-SiC single crystalline wafers by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The chemical structure of the ZnO/SiC interface was studied by x-ray photoelectron and x-ray excited Auger electron spectroscopy. A complex chemical structure, involving not only silicon–carbon and zinc–oxygen bonds but also silicon–oxygen and zinc–silicon–oxygen bonds was revealed to form at the ZnO/SiC interface. Based on the comparison with the presumably inert (i.e. chemically abrupt) ZnO/Mo interface, it was concluded that a willemite-like zinc silicate (i.e. Zn2SiO4) interface species develops between ZnO and SiC. The presence of this species at the ZnO/SiC interface will affect the electronic structure of the heterojunction and thus needs to be considered for device optimization.


Review(s) of: James H. Humphrey, Childhood Stress in Contemporary Society, The Haworth Press, Binghampton & New York, 2004, 176pp, $28.50 paperback.


The study sought to determine the influence of job satisfaction on university employees' social behaviour and their work attitudes in carrying out their duties. The study was carried out in all the federal universities in South-East of Nigeria. The population of the study was 400 senior academic staff of the universities. Expost facto design was adopted for the study. Three research questions guided the study. A 44-item questionnaire, structured on a four-point rating scale was used for data collection. The questionnaire was face validated by three experts. A reliability coefficient of 0.75 was obtained through Cronbach Alpha reliability technique to ascertain the internal consistency of the items of the questionnaire. The data collected from respondents were analysed and interpreted to answer the research questions using mean. It was found that salary, job security, fringe benefit, participation in decision-making, by employees, among others; in the universities were the sources of job satisfaction of workers. The employees were also found to be having cordial social relationship with colleagues, students and visitors. No difference in the source of job satisfaction and social behaviour of employees based on occupational status was found. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the employees should always be motivated by the employers to fulfill their psychological, social and philosophical needs to achieve job satisfaction and high productivity for national economic transformation in Nigeria. Keywords : Attitudes, Social behaviours and Job Satisfaction


In this work a new design methodology for distillation columns is proposed based on the concept of molecular tracking. This is a novel computer-aided design tool for distillation processes. Molecular Tracking methodology works by tracking one single molecule at a given time from the feed location to outlet streams of column (distillate, bottom and probable side streams). The method is based on a probability function, which is highly correlated with system thermodynamics and operations such that it produces a random pathway for each molecule that is then visualized. Combining these "random pathways" allows generating a detailed visualization of the internal movement of components within the column. In comparison to the traditional approach design methodologies and corresponding simulations, molecular tracking approach provides a number of benefits such as intuitive visualization and the ease of reconfiguration with respect to additions such as side-draws as well as divided wall, which are becoming increasingly common. This study first analyzes in detail the influence of thermodynamic properties and operational conditions on molecular tracking by demonstrating the concept on a simple binary distillation unit. This is followed by an industrial case study of a high purity methanol distillation unit consisting multicomponent methanol and water feed with trace levels of ethanol. In this case study, molecular tracking is employed to find the optimal location of the column side draw. The analysis is based on thermodynamic and operational information gathered column with classical column configuration (only a distillate and bottoms). The generated results are then compared with results obtained from a validated process simulation and industrial observations. Tuesday, October 30, 2018 10:05 AM 10:30 AM David L. Lawrence Convention Center 301 11/5/2018 2018 AIChE Annual Meeting https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2018/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/533208 2/8 Follow Us LinkedIn Twitter Facebook YouTube


The purpose of the article discusses reunification of children from institutional care to their birth families within the context of actual transformation of child protection system. Reunification is the process of reintegration of vulnerable child placed "out of home" to his or her family, if it is the best interest of the child.  Reunification of children placed in institutions should be a primary goal of the system because of a preference for the role of parents in the law, especially in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The article is based on the analysis of documents of international organizations dealing with the protection of children's rights, international studies  and program policy documents. The topic of reunification can be viewed from different perspectives, such as law and its influence on social policy and the practices of social work, the part of deinstitutionalization process or the decision making process. The main question is about interest of parents to care for their child. Social workers have to know characteristic of the family and the child. Then the reunification can start effectively. The family, child, specialists from  institutions and social workers should participate on the process in more detail. In the conclusion of the paper the author tries to show principles and central values on which the successful process of reunification should be focused. She highlightes holistic view and complex assessment of family and safe family environment, the principle of partnership with family, the working with individual plan for child, the support of new family services, the performing sufficient preparation of the child, the family and the social environment before reuenification,  intensive social services for family after returning home  and finally the need for research on the  process of reunification  from the perspective of the child, parents and the professionals.


One study examined the use of telemedicine in PLWH and showed 85% satisfaction rates, improved care, and improved HIV viral load, CD4 cell counts and ART adherence rates. Participants are being recruited from West Alabama AIDS Outreach and Maude Whatley Health Systems using a recruitment flier. Eligible participants include those who are HIV+, 19-85 years of age, English speaking, willing to participate in study procedures, diagnosed with either depression, anxiety, and/or substance abuse, and are currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART) Participants engage in group therapy sessions with a licensed professional counselor, in person or via telemedicine. Sessions include motivational interviewing exercises & are cofacilitated by peer leaders Data is collected at four time periods, during screening, preintervention, post-intervention, and 3 months post-intervention Data include computerized surveys on demographics, mental health, substance use, coping, HIV medication adherence, and self-efficacy Lab reports of data on CD4 count and HIV viral load are obtained and clinic appointment attendance from medical records Computerized surveys will be analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 23 and NVivo 11 software (QSR international) was used to analyze qualitative data Analysis will be considered exploratory and alpha will be set at .05  Study outcomes will be examined using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANOVA) and mixed ANOVA models will examine the effect of the intervention on study outcomes over time.


The guarantee of social stability comes from many aspects of life, and image information security as one of them is being subjected to various malicious attacks. As a means of information attack, image splicing forgery refers to copying some areas of an image to another image to hide the traces of the original information and leads to grave consequences. Image splicing forgery is extremely complex since the attributes of the two images subjected to the pasting and copying operations are greatly different. In order to solve the issue mentioned above, we propose a method by applying a neural learning network controlled by multiple scales (MCNL-Net) based on U-Net to identify whether an image has been tampered and to locate the tampered regions. Firstly, the learning capacity of MCNL-Net is enhanced by the combination of a residual propagation module and a residual feedback module. An ingenious strategy is designed to control the size of local receptive field in each building block of MCNL-Net. The strategy makes MCNL-Net able to achieve properties and superiorities of multi-scale structure and learn specified features. For further improving the detection performance of MCNL-Net, a block attention mechanism is proposed to control the advanced degree of the input information in each building block. In addition, a MaxBlurPool method is applied into image splicing forgery detection for the first time, preserving the shift-equivariance of a convolutional neural network. Through experiments, we demonstrate that MCNL-Net can achieve more promising results and offer stronger robustness than the state-of-the-art splicing forgery detection methods.


Much enterprise teaching is carried out in business schools. A number of approaches are identified and their appropriateness for non-business school students reviewed. A particular focus is placed on science and engineering students and White Rose Centre for Enterprise (WRCE), formed in 1999 as part of the UK Science Enterprise Challenge initiative. Its remit was to increase enterprise learning and entrepreneurship activity, thus bringing about a 'cultural change'. WRCE emphasizes the need to make learning 'real' for the student and to weave an enterprise strand through the full course of study. The findings support the argument that a combination of teaching approaches and the embedding of enterprise within a discipline subject is needed for effective learning to take place. This paper makes observations on the experiences in the White Rose Universities (Leeds, Sheffield and York). An enterprise learning framework is proposed and described in the context of international variations.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The effects of the voids in the diffusion layer on cyclic oxidation and spalling resistance of aluminized steel was investigated. The results show that,the voids of the diffusion layer continuously increase and a wavy void zone parallel to surface forms between subsurface layer and transition layer due to voids aggregating with the temperature rising and time prolonging.This leads to the internal oxidation of the diffusion layer during high temperature oxidation, and the kinetic curves of oxidation deviate from square parabola relation into the parabola—straight relation. Therefore, the long-term oxidation speed of aluminized steel is controlled both by the internal and external oxidation of diffusion layer and the formation of voids (voids zone) seriously influences cyclic spalling resistance.The formation mechanism of the voids and internal oxidation are also discussed.


With the development of GPU and GPGPU, GPU heterogeneous cluster has been widely used in parallel data processing in data center. In data green and sustainable computing, power consumption is a problem worthy of consideration. Power consumption may cause temperature rise and the problems of reliability and performance will probably occur. So temperature management and controlling has become a new research hotspot. If the temperature of a node (a computer in cluster) reaches a very high value after long time running, it is called temperature hotspot. Temperature hotspot has serious influence on computing reliability and energy efficiency. In order to prevent GPU cluster temperature hotspot from occurring, a task scheduling scheme for preventing temperature hotspot was proposed. According to computing scale threshold, we use asymmetric partitioning strategy to divide computing task and schedule sub-tasks among computing nodes. In this scheme, temperature, reliability and computing performance are considered to reduce performance differences among nodes and improve throughput. By optimizing scheduling, temperature hotspots caused by slow nodes are prevented. The experimental results show that by using the proposed scheme we can control node temperature and prevent temperature hotspot while guaranteeing computing performance and reliability.


ABSTRACT

 The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has changed care delivery for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We explore the United States healthcare system as it pertains to dialysis care, including existing policies, modifications implemented in response to the COVID-19 crisis, and possible next steps for policy makers and nephrologists. This includes policies related to resource management, use of telemedicine, prioritization of dialysis access procedures, expansion of home dialysis modalities, administrative duties, and quality assessment. The government has already established policies that have instated some flexibilities to help providers focus their response to the crisis. However, future policy during and following the COVID-19 pandemic can bolster our ability to optimize care for patients with ESKD. Key themes in this perspective are the importance of policy flexibility, clear strategies for emergency preparedness, and robust health systems that maximize accessibility and patient autonomy.


CONTEXT
Children and adolescents who present with manic symptoms frequently do not meet the full DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I disorder (BP-I).

OBJECTIVE
To assess the clinical presentation and family history of children and adolescents with BP-I, bipolar II disorder (BP-II), and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS).

DESIGN
Subjects and their primary caretaker were assessed by semistructured interview, and family psychiatric history was obtained from interview of the primary caretaker.

SETTING
Outpatient and inpatient units at 3 university centers.

PARTICIPANTS
A total of 438 children and adolescents (mean +/- SD age, 12.7 +/- 3.2 years) with BP-I (n = 255), BP-II (n = 30), or BP-NOS (n = 153).

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Lifetime psychiatric history and family history of psychiatric disorders.

RESULTS
Youth with BP-NOS were not diagnosed as having BP-I primarily because they did not meet the DSM-IV duration criteria for a manic or mixed episode. There were no significant differences among the BP-I and BP-NOS groups in age of onset, duration of illness, lifetime rates of comorbid diagnoses, suicidal ideation and major depression, family history, and the types of manic symptoms that were present during the most serious lifetime episode. Compared with youth with BP-NOS, subjects with BP-I had more severe manic symptoms, greater overall functional impairment, and higher rates of hospitalization, psychosis, and suicide attempts. Elevated mood was present in 81.9% of subjects with BP-NOS and 91.8% of subjects with BP-I. Subjects with BP-II had higher rates of comorbid anxiety disorders compared with the other 2 groups and had less functional impairment and lower rates of psychiatric hospitalization than the subjects with BP-I.

CONCLUSIONS
Children and adolescents with BP-II and BP-NOS have a phenotype that is on a continuum with that of youth with BP-I. Elevated mood is a common feature of youth with BP-spectrum illness.


The article contains theses of the speech at the International Scientific and Practical Conference: Liability for Corruption-Related Crimes. Prevention Measures, Legal Regulation Issues and Possible Solutions held in Moscow on April 6, 2017, by the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia). The article draws attention to the fact that the specific matter of corruption combatting-related crimes using the criminal law means cannot be viewed separately from the more general issues related to the development of the Russian criminal laws in general. The author states the prospects of introduction of criminal liability of legal entities in the Russian Federation, justifies the objective dependence of establishment of criminal liability of legal entities for commitment of corruption-related offences. The article stresses that many countries of the world have already established criminal liability for legal entities, and the Russian interests are violated when foreign authorities have a right to bring Russian legal entities to criminal liability while the Russian law enforcement authorities can raise a question of bringing foreign legal entities to administrative liability only. Apart from that, the author notes that the need to introduce criminal liability of legal entities is driven by the membership of the Russian Federation in some international organizations and its being a party to some international conventions. The article gives reasons indicating insufficient efficiency of the institution of administrative liability of legal entities for corrupt practices, which exists in the Russian Federation. As a transitional stage to the establishment of criminal liability of legal entities, the author suggests keeping the existing liability types (criminal one for individuals and administrative one for legal entities), while abandoning different procedural models of bringing to liability in the event that interrelated acts are committed, i.e. reviewing such offences in the course of criminal proceedings.


Fifty-two species were recorded within the Bactrocera dorsalis complex in Asia by Drew and Hancock in 1994. Five sibling species of the Bactrocera dorsalis complex are frequently intercepted from imported fruits of southeast Asia, which are considered of economic importance. The morphological characters of wing, thorax, legs, abdomen and ovipositor of B. carambolae, B. dorsalis, B. occipitalis, B. papayae and B. philippinensis are described. A key to these five species within the complex is presented.


A new cytotoxic substance designated as BS-1 was isolated from the autolysate and culture filtrate of Bacillus stearothermophilus UK563. On the basis of spectral data, the structure of BS-1 was determined as bis(2-hydroxyethyl) trisulfide and confirmed by direct comparison with the synthetic compound. BS-1 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against leukemia P388-D1, leukemia P388, mastocytoma P815, lymphoma EL4 and lymphoma MOLT4.


Dentin Dysplasia (DD) is a rare autosomal dominant anomaly that disturbs the formation of dentin in primary and/or permanent dentitions. This condition is classified into types I (radicular) and II (coronal) based on radiological findings. A case of DD type I in an 11-year old Iranian boy is presented and the clinical and radiological findings and selected treatment plan are discussed.


Abstract Engaging communities can increase the speed of translating health and health equity research into practice. Effective engagement requires a shared understanding of the health of a community. This can be challenging without timely and accurate local health data, or ways to provide that data, that are directly applicable to improving community health outcomes. The University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research formed the Neighborhood Health Partnerships Program (NHP) to overcome this challenge, making sub-county health data available to researchers and community stakeholders while incorporating community voice into data delivery processes. The NHP team used a human-centered design approach to facilitate community engagement. Through co-design, the team created NHP reports and data-to-action tools to maximize accessibility and utility for a diverse set of community stakeholders. Early indicators show that the final co-designed NHP reports and data-to-action tools will be immediately useful in promoting community–academic partnerships and in planning, implementing, and evaluating research and other initiatives in communities. The NHP program demonstrates that an effective co-design strategy can lead to increased usability and adoption of Clinical and Translational Science Award resources, enabling a shared understanding of community health and ultimately leading to the successful translation of research into practice.


The test Laser ranging interferometer (LRI) on the GRACE Follow-On satellites provides complementary inter-satellite ranging measurements to the baseline K-band microwave ranging (KBR) system that can be used to examine standard, and create novel, GRACE-FO data products.  We first calculated the KBR and LRI inter-satellite ranging residuals using dynamic orbits computed from non-gravitational accelerations, a static gravity field model and other background geophysical models like ocean tides. To accurately quantify the improvement by LRI, we directly examined the inter-satellite ranging residuals in the time and frequency domains. The frequency-domain analysis reveals that LRI enhances the accuracy of gravity measurements by ~1 order of magnitude over 60-200 CPR (10-37 mHz) frequencies with the signal dominated by static gravity field of the Earth. The time-domain analysis shows that LRI is capable of detecting static gravity signals as small as a few 0.1 nm/s2 in 100-200 CPR frequency band. We made use of such LRI data acquired in 2019 to validate the state-of-the-art gravity field models GGM05S, GGM05C, GOCE-TIM-R6e, EIGEN-6C4, ITSG-Grace2018s and GOCO06s. We found that LRI data can identify subtle un-/mis-modeled static gravity signals in these models in the spectral as well as spatial domains, and thus, suggest how the next generation of gravity field models could be improved. We also examined the high‐frequency (sub-monthly) variations of the Argentine Gyre using LRI measurements along with satellite altimetry data. Through comparison of measured gravity change by LRI with synthetic gravity change from altimetry sea surface data (evaluated at GRACE Follow-On altitude), we clearly demonstrate how the high-frequency Argentine Gyre signal is fully captured by instantaneous LRI measurements by individual data arcs, but not in the monthly mean Level-2 data. Such along-orbit analyses of LRI data could be employed for, among others, validation of high-frequency non-tidal ocean models used in GRACE and GRACE Follow-On de-aliasing products.


Make-Belief: Language And Verity of Legitimized Oppression: A Critical Analysis of Selected Extracts from Anita Shreve's Body Surfing Abdul Waheed Qureshi Rab Nawaz Khan The research in hand is a textual analysis of the novel Body Surfing by Anita Shreve which explains the role of language in the construction of an ideology as reality. The aim is to highlight the construction of a certain concept or ideology as a dominant truth claim in society through discourse and how is it blindly followed by all the members without the least strife to change that so-called dominant ideology. Language as a major agent in the construction and perpetuation of an ideology is forever the discourse of those who are in power. This research will propound the discourse active behind the verity of 'oppression' done to women as taken-forgranted and fair. By employing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as research method, the study will critically examine the role of language in legalizing women oppression. We have cultivated the idea of 'women as weak' into something real, that has come to us generation after generation, through language. This supposition provides theoretical underpinnings for the research, which is arrived at through CDA by treating language post-structurally. The literature analyzed highlights the role of language in the process of meaning-making by considering it to convey reality. The various words and phrases from the extracts in hand with contextual and conceptual affiliation, are dealt with under the backdrop of Fairclough's (1992) Three Dimensional Model of CDA, which results in the recognition of oppression thought as legitimate by the ultimate use of language. The analysis done under the backdrop of post-structuralism will show that language is not the depiction of maximum reality rather; it is we, the users of language, who make it real by considering some concepts as truth and others as myth. The paper concludes that the opposite gender is actually oppressed and that this oppression is not given, rather the constructed one. CDA challenges this oppression and declares it the work of language only. It (language) has no signs of reality, subsistence or truth.


The purposes of this research are to explain the shifts on the language style from ngoko (N) to krama (K) and vice versa, from the Javanese isolect to other languages included their motivation, and to explain the Javanese language maintenance. This research is qualitative descriptive which the primary data are collected especially by using the direct observation method to the field of research as the practices of sociologists and anthropologists. The results of this research show that the shifts are closely related with status, intimateness, feeling, and activity. The maintenance is closely related with traditional life such as social value.


1. Introduction. Dimensions of IdeologySocial sciences often conceptualize ideology as a relatively organized set of attitudes towards various social and political objects that could be derived from more general values and world-views. However, disagreements about the exact shapes of this structure, the level and source of coherence in such attitudes, are widespread. Converse (1964) argued that the general public's political attitudes are unstable, disorganized, inconsistent, and hence non-ideological (see also Zaller, 1992). In political science, dominant view is that the most important ideological dimension is the left-right distinction (e.g., Fuchs and Klingemann, 1990; Huber and Inglehart, 1995). Other authors see authoritarianism versus libertarianism as the main overarching ideological dimension characterizing the contemporary (Western) political culture (Flanagan and Lee, 2003).Social psychologists, however, contend not only that individual-level political attitudes exhibit a considerable degree of coherence and structure (if adequately measured) but also that they are generally organized along familiar ideological lines (e.g., Kerlinger, 1984; Middendorp, 1992, 1991, 1978; Shikano and Pappi, 2004; Jost et al., 2009). Scholars, however, disagree on how this organization is best conceived. The views range from, for example, one-dimensional models where all specific attitudes are seen as reflecting a single basic underlying attitudinal dimension (e.g., conservatism dimension, Wilson, 1973a), to multi-dimensional models where related attitudes are grouped together in a number of specific factors, which are themselves unrelated (e.g., nine-dimensional model of Sidanius and Ekehammar, 1980).This literature review is concerned with the research on the dimensionality of ideology, or the structure of social attitudes. According to Gabel and Anderson, "Fundamental to this approach is the assumption that policy positions are structured by underlying ideological dimensions that account for covariation in these positions. These ideological dimensions represent the structure of political discourse, representing a linguistic shorthand for political communication and competition" (2002, p.896).Psychological literature often refers to social attitudes, but references to ideologies or political attitudes are also common. Attitudes are regarded as social when they refer to objects which have "shared general societal relevance in economic, political, religious, educational, ethnic, and other social areas" (Kerlinger, Middendorp, and Amon, 1976, p.267). When adjective 'political' is included, that often means that items referring to specifically political objects are involved (e.g., Durrheim and Foster, 1995).Social psychology provided a significant contribution to understanding the structure of socio- political attitudes. Research on this topic started nearly eight decades ago, inspired by the research on the structure of intellectual abilities. Since then, a large body of literature has been generated. Yet, despite the long tradition, this literature has not resulted in proportional cumulative scientific development. One reason for this state of the affairs is perhaps the lack of a systematic review of the existing research. The aim of this paper is to help in this regard by listing the relevant studies, examining the applied research methodology, and critically summarizing the main results.The review is divided into six parts: 1) brief presentation of the basic paradigm of the research field, 2) early studies, 3) Two-dimensional model of Hans Eysenck, 4) Wilson's theory of Conservatism as unidimensional and bipolar dimension, 5) Kerlinger's Dualistic theory, and 6) the 'Independent group'. Discussion and recommendations for the future research finalize the paper.Basic ParadigmThe basic paradigm in this field states that social attitudes are interrelated and hierarchically organized. …


This Special Issue of Current Writing on "Translating (South) African Literatures" takes as its main focus what we described in the Call for Papers as "one of the most significant interventions in the field of South African literature in recent decades": the publication by Oxford University Press in its Africa Pulse series (2018) of eight translations or retranslations into English of key African language literary texts from southern Africa. The series comprises: The Lawsuit of the Twins (1914) and Don Jadu (1929) by SEK Mqhayi; No Matter When (1935) by BW Vilakazi; Home is Nowhere (1996) by MJ Mngadi; She's to Blame (1960) by BM Khaketla; Senkatana (1952) by SMMofokeng; Tears of the Brain (1968) by OK Motsepe; and Stitching a Whirlwind: An Anthology of Southern African Poems and Translations (2018), edited by Megan Hall and Antjie Krog. The initial translation project was funded by the National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences, and co-ordinated by Antjie Krog through the Centre for Multilingualism and Diversities Research (CMDR) at the University of the Western Cape (UWC), with translation work by Thokozile Mabeqa, Nosisi Mpolweni, Thenjiswa Ntwana, Nakanjani G Sibiya, Nkosinathi Sithole, Biki Lepota, Tšepiso Samuel Mothibi, Stephen Masote, Koos Oosthuysen, Fred Khumalo, David wa Maahlamela, Gabeba Baderoon, Loyiso Mletshe, Zukile Jama, Johannes Lenake, Ncedile Saule, Rita Barnard, Seleka Tembani and Lucy Ndlovu. The Special Issue seeks to stimulate critical debate about African language literatures and their 'translations', with an emphasis on the southern African context, but pursuing also the transnational reach, resonances and connections of many of the texts. It is therefore significant, and thrilling to us, that these texts from various indigenous languages are now for the first time being put into scholarly conversation with one another as well as with other South African texts. Although some of these texts have been analysed by scholars specialising in one or other of the indigenous languages, they may now be placed in new, less 'bordered' conversations with one another. This provides a much needed continuity for the source text, giving it a 'second life' as a more integral part of the broader South African literary history and present. In the true sense of the word, translation has rescued some of these texts, especially the poems, from obscurity, enabling them to survive for a new set of readers, and to speak to a new set of scholars from various languages. It is perhaps significant, then, that this Special Issue also moves slightly beyond its initial focus on the Africa Pulse series, to consider other writers dealing with the same, or analogous, issues (Sithole's focus on the work of RRR Dhlomo, for example). The Special Issue itself was conceptualised and supported by the AWMellon funded project on "Rethinking South African Literature(s)", based in the CMDR at UWC. This is a collaborative, multilingual, interdisciplinary project that seeks to rethink the ways in which we conceptualise and understand the field of South African literatures, almost three decades after the legislated ending of apartheid,


Newly fluorine-containing acrylate compositions for AR coating (codename: F-Lucid) are developed at very low cost. The AR layers can be manufactured in flat and textured patterns using ordinary processes. The flat layer has 2% of the AR effect, and long-tem reliability tests show that the initial performances are sustained after the loads. The textured AR layer is formed on the flat AR layer, and is expected to enhance the AR effect further.


Guide which describes and provides example of a learning model to support student critical thinking and research skills Activate, scan, formulate - develop your research question


Superconducting fluctuation-induced diamagnetism was observed in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ with different oxygen deficiencies. In a slightly deficient sample, the fluctuation is small and exhibits the temperature dependence of a three-dimensional nature. With increasing defects, however, the fluctuations were found to be enhanced and exhibit a crossover from three- to two-dimensional behaviors at higher temperatures. The dimensionality, which is controlled by the interlayer coupling between the CuO 2 planes, is very sensitive to oxygen deficiency in the CuO chains, even when the critical temperature remains around 90 K.


Herbicides are employed in farmlands to increase agricultural yields by controlling the growth of unwanted weeds. Glyphosate, (N(phosphonomethyl) glycine (an isopropylanine salt of glycine), is a non – selective herbicide currently among the most widely used agricultural chemicals globally for the control of weeds in cultivars. It was ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received:April 13, 2022 Accepted:April 30, 2022 Online: May 25, 2022 _______________


Polyhouse is a structure which is constructed to provide secured and controlled environment for the proper growth of the plant. The polyhouse cultivation method provides high growth and improved productivity. To achieve proper crop management it is necessary to collect the correct information to make decisions. In the current work we considered and proposed a framework which could able to collect the information related to polyhouse atmosphere and harvest status and manage the polyhouse automatically based on the collected information. The polyhouse information is collected from different resources by using sampling method. Sampling method contains different strategies that are Simple random, stratified random, Stratified-systematic, Judgmental. Each method identifies the data in different location and collects the data. The collected data to be stored in the mongo database. The data base utilize data cleansing, data scarping, data integration and data wrangling process to arrange the data for relevant user. It helps to fix the data in specific manner in the database. Finally, the user can retrieve the data using the Latent Indexing Algorithm to retrieve the data in specific manner. It helps the system to forecast and take steps on situations intended for completely guarded climatic circumstances. So that farmers can access the relevant information using IoT. After the cultivation process the farmers can also marketing their product directly through IoT.


The face recognition approach plays an important role in electronic security systems. In this paper, we propose Pixel Arithmetic Computation based Face Recognition (PACFR). The color face images are changed into grey scale images and also the different sizes of face images to $ 90 \times 90$ size in pre-processing unit. The novel concept of Pixel Arithmetic Computation (PAC) is introduced for sharp representation of edges and extracts more stable features for local changes in images. The pre-processed image is segmented into overlapped $3\times 3$ matrices. The PAC technique I is used to extract sharp edge information using arithmetic operations on pixel values of $3\times 3$ matrix The middle pixels of borders of $3\times 3$ matrix are considered and multiplied by power of two in PAC technique II to enhance pixel values. The final features are obtained by concatenative PAC I and PAC II techniques. The Euclidian Distance (ED) is used here to evaluate final features of database and test images to calculate performance parameters. It is seen that the performance parameters of the proposed technique is improved compared to existing technique.


Abstract Background CAB is an integrase strand transfer inhibitor under investigation as an injectable LA formulation for the treatment and prevention of HIV, and as a tablet formulation as an oral lead-in (OLI) and bridging treatment for dose interruptions. The monthly injection regimen of CAB LA and rilpivirine (RPV) LA was noninferior to standard oral therapy in maintaining HIV-1 suppression in Phase 3 trials. PPK modeling and simulation was used to inform strategies for managing dosing interruptions. Methods A 2-compartment model with first-order oral and LA absorption and elimination adequately described the data from 1,647 healthy (28%) and HIV-infected (72%) adult subjects in 16 studies. Gender was a significant covariate on LA absorption; therefore, simulations of 5,000 virtual subjects were performed using a 4:1 male:female ratio to ensure 1,000 representative females and covariate sampling with replacement from the analysis dataset. One- to 12-week delays in dosing of the second, third, and fourth injection were simulated, and predicted troughs were compared with the 5th percentile (0.65 μg/mL) of trough concentrations following the first injection in Phase 3. Simulations of 1–2 months of oral bridging with CAB 30 mg once daily from time of a missed injection until CAB LA dosing resumed were performed, with the median Cmax (13.1 μg/mL) observed following oral CAB 60mg once daily in Phase 2b as an upper reference. Results Proportions of subjects predicted to achieve target plasma CAB trough concentrations are shown by length of delay and injection visit in Table 1. Oral bridging with CAB 30mg once daily starting at the time of a planned missed injection is predicted to provide exposures within ranges observed in clinical studies (Figure 1). Conclusion Dosing delays of up to one week appear to have minimal impact, but the effect is more likely to become problematic with longer delays, particularly in the first few months of dosing. Oral bridging provides therapeutic and safe exposures for planned interruptions in LA dosing. Regardless of use of oral bridging, simulations support resuming CAB LA dosing for interruptions <1 month (<2 months between injections) and reinitiating CAB LA with a loading dose and subsequent monthly injections for interruptions ≥ 1 month (≥ 2 months between injections). Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Security and entertainment are moving closer together. The term Securitainment expresses in this context, the mediation of security through entertainment formats. This will open a new space for Internal Security, which includes its own actors and patterns of interpretation. This space is portrayed in the media and follows the logic of media for attention but is also part of the process of social control. The mass media are therefore an instance of the design of internal security, social control and an interpretation producer. Mass media become actors of the internal security. They provide a symbolic representation of security.


T he sense of reassurance so confidently fostered by the first consulting physician, who carefully explained to the patient with a troubled history that the sulfonamides had been completely refined and made safe, was shattered by the blunt opinion of the second: "Another dose of sulfa will kill you." At issue were events from the early years of the sulfa drugs. During World War II this patient had entered a military hospital in Toronto because of pneumonia; he was given sulfadiazine. Halfway through the course of treatment high fever, hematuria and kidney pain developed. For 3 weeks the physicians despaired of saving his life. Five months later the patient returned with influenza. The same physicians, believing that he might have reacted specifically to the first drug, tried sulfathiazole. When the symptoms reappeared they stopped the treatment. Again he recovered. Just hours after being released from hospital the man was back with strep throat. A new medical officer, refusing to countenance an enlisted man's complaint of severe reactions, ordered sulfa. That night the patient slipped into a haze of fever and pain. When he regained his senses he could only take the nurses' word for it that 3 days had passed. Recovery was much slower this time, and he began it in isolation because of a rash that was mistaken for scarlet fever. Almost a lifetime later the man was asked to take sulfa again. Two allergists considered the case and disagreed on the drug therapy. There seemed to be no safe way to find out. Full of painful memories and mindful of the unequivocal, if unprovable, warning, the patient elected to keep trying other antibiotics.


Abstract This session reports on older LGBT adults' perspectives of roles that pets played in relation to older adults' aging-in-place experiences. The goal of this study is to advance understanding of the role of pets in the lives of older LGBT adults living in rural communities. The qualitative study used individual, semi-structured interviews with 11 older adults residing in rural Appalachia. Individuals were recruited using purposive sampling techniques, including recruitment through LGBT friendly service providers, a lesbian listserv, and snowball sampling. The majority of respondents reported that pets played a role in social support and some in social capital. One respondent described a utilitarian relationship with animals that is important to understanding the roles animals may play in rural communities in terms of "belongingness". After reviewing study findings, we will provide recommendations for including information about pets in formal social service delivery systems and conclude with implications for future research.


Wind energy is a renewable, pure form of energy that does not contribute on the environment pollution and in CO2, emissions and is inexhaustible. Wind turbines are usually located at high altitude areas as well as in flat terrains, where there is usually increased number of lightning strikes that could cause operational problems in a power plant. Lightning can be considered as current source and its main parameters are the peak current, lightning current steepness, charge transferred and specific energy which are linked with thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic effects on the affected structure or even live beings. In the current paper is simulated a large-scale wind turbine and is investigated the impact of a lightning strike on its critical components focusing on the blades, the nacelle, the tower and the base. The simulation is executed on a software platform that can extend conventional models of physics into models that solve simultaneously coupled physics phenomena. With the use of COMSOL software it is simulated a lightning strike which hits the surface of a wind turbine and is investigated its effect on many other critical points to understand the risk to which these are exposed and to prove the necessity of the design of a reliable lightning protection. It is presented the wind turbine model and the definition of physical and mathematical models in the simulated lightning simulation program environment. The assessment is based on specific and realistic scenarios and the simulation results are presented. The extracts are demonstrated either in 2D or 3D on the geometry of the wind turbine and at predetermined times. These will drive the proposal of a reliable lightning protection system for the wind turbine focusing on the most vulnerable points which are blade tips and the back of the nacelle. The simulation results show the importance of material continuity and limited changes in the conductors' direction in order the reliable protection of the wind turbine to be ensured.


The invention belongs to the field of micro electric technique, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a metal-semiconductor contact structure with an optimized process. According to the invention, PS (poly styrene) microspheres are utilized as a mask, and two kinds of metal with different work functions are adopted for the deposition of the metal-semiconductor contact structure; because the PS microspheres are stable in structure, a single layer film is easy to prepare, the PS microspheres densely distributed into one layer are taken as a template, a semiconductor substrate is etched to form an expected pattern by combining an RIE (reactive ion etching) technology, and finally the PS microspheres are removed through acetone ultrasonic oscillation, and the preparation method is an ideal autocollimation technology, and has favorable application prospect; and the method for parallel modulating metal-semiconductor contact by the two metals with different working functions can be used for improving the forward working current and reducing backward leakage current effectively. According to the invention, through the combination of the autocollimation technology and a dual-work-function metal modulation barrier height technology, a favorable metal-semiconductor contact optimizing effect is reached.


"New Youth" magazine as a publication members of a fixed group of authors,each author had its own different role because they were the "New Youth".Lu Xun,Zhou Zuoren two brothers were one of the important figures,because they were the "New Youth" and fame,and also because they were more thoughtful.


Owing to its high degree of complexity and plasticity, the cichlid pharyngeal jaw apparatus has often been described as a key evolutionary innovation. The majority of studies investigating pharyngeal muscle behavior and function have done so in the context of feeding. Analysis of enzyme activities (citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and L-lactate dehydrogenase) of pharyngeal muscles in the Lake Malawi cichlid Tramitichromis intermedius revealed differences between pharyngeal jaw muscles and between males and females. Therefore, these muscles have different performance characteristics, resulting in different functional characteristics of the muscles within the complex. Furthermore, the differences between muscles of males and females represent fundamental differences in muscular metabolic processes between sexes. This study is the first to demonstrate that the pharyngeal anatomy is not only used for food processing but is possibly responsible for sound production, in turn influencing sexual selection in cichlid fish.


Objective: to review the data on the efficacy and consumption of octocog alfa and rurioctoctog alfa pegol in standard prophylaxis and individualized prophylaxis in hemophilia A patients based on published international data. Material and methods: a systematic literature search and review were performed. Among 25 sources identified within the systematic search 7 relevant sources describing the comparison of treatment with octocog alfa and rurioctocog alfa pegol in adult and pediatric patients with severe and moderate hemophilia A based on personalized assessment of the pharmacokinetic curve using the interactive tool myPKFit versus the standard (non-personalized) dosage regimen were selected. Data on individual patients, as well as data from secondary subgroups defined by age, bleeding rate, risk of bleeding associated with the daily physical activity were combined and analyzed. Results. In observational studies, adjustments of the dose and administration of octocog alfa in patients with severe hemophilia based on personalized assessment of the pharmacokinetic curve using myPKFit resulted in the reduced consumption and/or increased efficacy of prophylaxis — a reduced annual bleeding rate. In an extended controlled study of rurioctocog alpha pegol a trend toward reduced bleeding rate and increased mean annual consumption of the drug was reported in patients who received myPKFit guided prophylaxis compared to a non-personalized treatment regimen. In the single-cut studies, myPKFiT use resulted in the regimen revisions in less than a quarter of patients. Summary. Personalized dosing for octocog alpha and rurioctocog alpha pegol based on pharmacokinetic curve built using pharmacokinetic population model enables reasonable dose adjustments and improves outcomes.


The paper reviewed the various efforts made in recent years at integrating activities in the port system. Among these include vessel traffic management systems, vessel traffic management and information systems, simulation systems, supply chain management systems in the harbour environment and other systems management techniques. The work identified the following agents as active participants in the port system. The ship agent, the berth agent, the yard agent, the gate agent with the transtainer agent and the transport agent acting as sub agents. Other classification terms for agents found in the work includes the identification of physical agents in the port system and their interactive relationships. The physical agents thus identified in the port system includes: the supplier, the Harbour, the ship, the distributor and the customer, while, the logical agents includes the order agent, the logistics agent, the scheduling agent, the resource agent and the transportation agent. The identified agents were then applied to study the interactions between the following port system components of: port approach management, quayside/ Berth operations management, Documentations/information systems management, Marshalling area/ Land transport management and then ware housing/ cargo release management. Performance measurement techniques leading to the evolution of efficient port policies were applied in the study of the Nigerian port system. Areas requiring additional policy measures were identified. Applied measurement techniques includes container dwell time analysis, cargo through put forcasting based on historical data, ship berthing time analysis, equipment availability studies, cargo in-transit-time analysis and their contribution towards the development of efficient port management policies.


This paper explores the variation between 1st marriages and remarriages in the incidence of spouse abuse an important aspect of marital relationships. 2 explanations are proposed for the higher rates of spouse abuse in remarried families. The 1st relies on characteristics individual spouses acquire prior to their remarriage; the 2nd focuses on remarried family characteristics in particular the complexity of family structure. Using data from the National Survey of Family Violence no support is found for the hypothesis that the experiences of individuals prior to remarriage account for higher rates of spouse abuse in remarried families regardless of complexity than intact never-divorced families. The Family Violence Survey utilized data obtained from interviews conducted with a national area probability sample of 2143 adults in January and February of 1976. To be eligible respondents had to be married or cohabiting with a member of the opposite sex. Interviews were conducted with wives in a randomly selected 1/2 of the families and with husbands in the other 1/2. Log-linear analysis was used to assess whether family structure is related to spouse abuse. The results support the hypothesis that divorced adults carry behavioral patterns from previous marriages into remarriage. The apparent incorporation of violence into a repertoire of marital behavior is consistent with remarried couples expectations that spouses replicate the mistakes of their 1st marriages in remarriage. The extent to which individuals consciously decide to repeat or renegotiate marital behavior upon remarriage is unknown. Data from 1 study indicate that adults entering remarriage carefully distinguish between their 1st and 2nd marriages on a variety of dimensions. In particular the data show that adults act consciously to avoid repeating behavior they found to be harmful in their 1st marriages. A key dimension upon which remarried couples distinguish their behavior in 1st and 2nd marriages is patterns of conflict of resolution. It is possible that the observed relationship between family structure and spouse abuse is a function of the relationship between family structure and childhood family violence. The data do not however support this hypothesis. The effect of family structure on spouse abuse persists when exposure to childhood family violence is controlled. Characteristics of predivorce marriages especially high levels of strain and conflict are likely sources of violent marital behavior that is then carried into remarriage. The findings in this paper expand the issues policy makers raise about the transmission of family violence. The chain of violence from marriage to remarriage is as important a problem as the chain of violence from parents to children in the US.


Abstract Laterites occur at North Cape, above an ultramafic-mafic plutonic association, the Kerr Pluton, composed predominantly of seperntinites by layered gabbros. Laterite profiles average 32 m over gabbros, but only 6 m over serpentinites. Iron pan, formed from a layer of near-surface residual boulders, is abundant over sepentinite-derived laterites. Pain d'epice facies-is more common over gabbros. Initial decomposition of serpentinites yields hisingerite which later crystallizes to smectite + chlorite. At the top of the profile limonite, goethite and minor smectite occur. Gabbros initially decompose to form kaolinite, halloysite, smectites and pyrophyllite which are susbsequently replaced by limonite-goethite, kaolinite and gibbsite. During laterite formation, elements are released from tlte serpentinites in the following general order: MgO, CaO, TiO2, SiO2, Fe2O2, Al2O3, NiO, MnO. Gahbros hehave similarly except that iron is always enriched relative to alumina in the soils. It is believed that under ...


The anomalous temperature variation of the thermoelectric power in the f-electron metallic compounds, namely the sign reversal or the maxima, is sometimes interpreted as resulting from the conduction electrons scattering in Born approximation on the acoustic phonons and on the localized spins in the s-f exchange interaction. The experimenters rely on the results of some theoretical works where such thermoelectric power behavior was obtained within these simple models. In the present paper we prove that neither the electron-phonon scattering nor the magnetic s-f scattering in the Born approximation (nor both of them) do lead to the effects mentioned above.