Clamping element (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 180) of a piece, which has two clamping jaws (12, 13) opposite and forming a laterally hollow space (11) open for receiving an element (101, 102) in bar form and a means of hinge (33, 34, 35, 36, 38; 97) which is arranged opposite the cavity side (11), connects the clamping jaws (12, 13) together so that they can move towards each other, each clamping jaw (12, 13) respectively a bore (26, 31) are aligned relative to each other, being elastic means flapper (33, 34, 35, 36, 38; 97) and the bores (26, 31) between the recess (11) space and the middle hinge (33, 34, 35, 36, 38 being arranged , 97), characterized in that the means of hinge (33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 97) have stops complementary rotation (36 or 38) engaging from a predetermined deformation of a connecting web (33, 34, 35, 97) op et up the hollow space or of two webs of elasticized side connection, and spinning the first and second clamping jaws (13, 12) about a predetermined axis by them.


Our experimental data show that a rather thin layer with inverted polarization at the +c‐face strongly suppresses the pyroelectrically induced electron emission from LiNbO3 crystals. We assume that the microscopic electric field of pyroelectric positive surface charges increases a potential barrier to polarons moving toward the vacuum. The pyroelectrically induced electron emission provides a novel method of detecting thin surface layers with inverted polarization.


The report "Investment needs in the water and wastewater sector" from 2013 investigates Norway's water and wastewater facilities with respect to replacement costs and estimated investment needs. The suggested investment need in order to cope with lack of infrastructure maintenance is significant and hence arise the need of justifying the priorities scientifically. Infrastructure asset management (IAM) is a framework to pursue and achieve sustainable infrastructure. It is the practice of managing infrastructure assets to minimize the total cost of owning and operating them while delivering the expected service level. Infrastructure asset management applied to water utilities gives great benefit in terms of reduced costs and extended service lives. Nevertheless, it is a comprehensive methodology great ly dependent on the personnel executing it, and a successful implementation requires solid foundation within the organization. Introduction – status of today The Norwegian water and wastewater pipelines consist of approximately 100 000 km of pipes. Norwegian Water, the national association of water and wastewater works, has stipulated the replacement value of this technical infrastructure to be more than 900 billion NOK. In 2010 the Norwegian Association of Consulting Engineers (RIF) presented the report "State of the Nation" on condition of Norway's technical constructions, considering both status and ongoing trends. For water supply it is stated that the condition is "acceptable, but not good",


Add your remedies to the ones below (and all Aspirin topics) online atwww.ababj.com/b|og/277.html Wont to join the bonker group that we send Aspirin questions to each month? Reply to Executive Editor Steve Cocheo et email@example.com, Subject: Aspirin Volunteer. Thanks! Remedy 1: Communicate, communicate [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Keith Pollek, president and CEO, Fox River State Bank, $102.3 million-assets, Burlington, Wis. Communication cannot be overemphasized. We share our financial results monthly. We also share our strategic plan for the next two to five years, and we let employees know how they fit into that plan. Monthly financial information provided is quite detailed, and as it is discussed, the staff asks many excellent questions. Call Reports are also mentioned and staff is encouraged to go to the FDIC website for comparative in formation. Remedy 2: Striving for a family feet [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Richard Lee, president and CEO, Citizens Bank of Florida, $228.8 million-assets, Oviedo, Fla. As it pertains to employees, my focus in the bank is to create a family atmosphere as much as possible. As with any family, it doesn't mean that problems don't crop up from time to time, but we really enjoy being around each other. I just left a meeting with an employee who is leaving the bank because of a marriage, and she is very sad to leave her second family. It certainly is rewarding to be a part of a family that looks after each other. When one is hurting we all hurt. I think this attitude toward each other permeates to the customer as well. It's not unusual for someone on staff to call if they haven't seen a customer in a few days to make sure everything is OK. It's also not unusual for staff members to visit customers when they are in hospitals or hurting over a loss in the family. I've done this myself on a number of occasions. When you create a caring atmosphere, pay and bonuses aren't as important. I haven't paid a bonus for two years now, and we haven't missed a beat. Many employees have stated that while the bonuses are nice, they understand current circumstances and they enjoy working here so much it hasn't been an issue. I have a number of emails stating this very thing. Remedy 3: Tell them where we're going [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Frank Sorrentino III, chairman and CEO, North Jersey Community Bank, $575.5 million-assets, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. At NJCB, we make it a priority to keep our staff informed of the direction of the bank, our goals, and our success measurement. We want every employee to know that they are part of a solid team--a team that produces results and believes in the strength of customer service. Keeping everyone in the know creates the camaraderie that drives this bank. If they do not know where we are going, they will not be able to get us there. We also strive to make work exciting, yet challenging, and we want our employees to be proud of themselves, and NJCB. Remedy 4: Don't stint on staff MyronRozell, president and CEO, First State Bank of Mapleton, $45.3 million-assets, Mapleton, Iowa The most effective way I have experienced in maintaining positive and productive morale results from two specific points. …


Once he is familiar with the polluants introduced into the water by the process the water treatment expert is able to eliminate them and return water of good quality to the process. Pollution is subdivided into four major categories (Table 1) in an attempt to schematize the principal methods and instruments required to eliminate pollutant. As a general rule, recycling is limited by economical rather than technical factors. This is illustrated by the three following examples : TREATMENT OF STEAM GENERATOR CONDENSATE For this application, recirculation of very pure boiler circuit (turbine) water costs much less than surface water treatment. The most suitable methods for various input products corrosion products and/or dissolved salts) are discussed, e.g. pre-coat fillers, magnetic fillers, mixed beds. FIBRE AND WATER RECOVERY IN THE PAPERMAKING INDUSTRY The amount of water the paper mills draw from the natural medium has to be limited and the maximum possible quantity of valuable effluent constituents recycled (fibres alone or with fillers depending on manufactured paper properties). Two specific experiments show how "purification circuits" can be adapted to the problem. Diagram 3 shows the two processing stations used, both of which allowed recovery of the fibre and all or part of the fillers with approximately 75 per cent of the water. Methods employed were flocculation followed by sedimentation, flotation or filtration according to the products to be eliminated, with special consideration of the fibre/fillers ratio. Table 4 shows how concentration in the circuit varies with gradual closure of the latter. An increase in the concentration of dissolved organic and mineral matter is seen to limit possible circuit closure. RE-USE OF WATER AFTER BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT Re-use of water can be a particularly attractive proposition for such "routine" proposes as cooling and soil washing. This provides users with substantial local water supplies at low cost after conventional domestic sewage treatment, adequate filtration and sterilization. More "noble" recycling applications on the other hand require sophisticated equipment for such chemical and physical processes as phosphate precipitation, elimination of ammonia, efficient, thorough filtration, also adsorption on activated carbon followed by sterilization. The water thus obtained has similar properties to those of drinking water and is undoubtedly better than most of the surface water available in industrialized countries.


Immersion corrosion,weight loss,galvanic potential and current measurements were conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution.Three types of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) materials,T300/5222、T300/5405 and T300/QY8911 were used,electrically coupled to the aluminum alloys LY12CZ、7B04 and 2D70.In order to evaluate the effect of the galvanic corrosion between CFRP/aluminum alloy couple on the corrosion behavior of CFRP and aluminum alloy,SEM technique was used to study the morphology of the surface corrosion.The results showed that galvanic corrosion promoted the formation and propagation of the pitting corrosion of the LY12CZ aluminum alloy.Corrosion rate of the aluminum alloy was accelerated,but the surface morphology of the CFRP coupled with aluminum alloy did not change greatly.Galvanic current indicated that there was a serious galvanic corrosion at electrically conducting CFRP and aluminum alloy couples.


According to Swartz, Skidmore and Griffen, mandibular first molars have a significantly lower success rate compared with other teeth.1 Missed canals and the failure to remove all the microorganisms and pulp remnants from the root canal system are probably the main reasons for persistent infection around endodonticallytreated molars.2 It is therefore important that clinicians have an awareness and good understanding of the variations in root canal morphology of the mandibular first molar.


This paper presents a model for day-ahead scheduling of the combined heat production heat and electric energy production for a residential microgrid taking into account the economic factors in a liberalized electricity markets, the technical factors in the safety/quality of supply, and the consumer preferences. This day-ahead scheduling model is complemented with a real-time economic model predictive control (MPC) model for a subsequent control with respect to the outcomes of the day-ahead scheduling. This combined scheduling and economic MPC provides a general set-up capable of overcoming several major difficulties encountered with a typical scheduling + tracking MPC set-up, e.g., the problems of connecting the economic objectives with different temporal resolution and different requirements in terms of delivery.


According to the experience of traffic accident investigation over the years, the pointer of some crashed vehicles' speedometer will stay in one place because of collision spread or heavily vibration, which may indicate the vehicle collision speed. However, the correlation between the residual speed value and actual vehicle collision speed still remains to be examined. For the practical needs of traffic accident reconstruction, this research work is carried out. Based on the principles of traditional speedometers, vehicle impact mechanics and failure mechanism, the damage and failure mode of speedometer in collision are studied. Through the statistics of 15 real traffic accident cases, the features and law about the pointer information of damaged speedometers are obtained initially. As an example, one of these cases is analyzed and calculated to verify the assumption. The availability of the mark information on the indicated place of speedometer after accidents (i.e. the correlation between the speed value of pointers and actual vehicle collision speed) is discussed, which can provide effective means and references for accident reconstruction and vehicle speed identification.


Our study was made on 3 clinically healthy, Chinchila laniger females, weighting 600 grams. These animals were commercially slaughtered for their fur. The descending abdominal aorta was identified and then injected with a colored substance, followed by anatomical dissection. The stratigraphic dissection underlined the descending abdominal aorta and its terminals, represented by two common iliac arteries (left and right) forming a right angle at their origin point. Only one specimen presented a median sacral artery.


The nature of animal aggression has long been a research interest in many different scientific fields. Resources, including food, shelter, and mates are all common assets for which animals compete. Two species of fiddler crabs, the Atlantic Sand Fiddler Crab (Uca pugilator) and the Atlantic Marsh Fiddler Crab (U. pugnax) were studied in regards to their aggression shown when competing for shelter. One crab was placed in a contained shelter for two days, and then a second of the same species was introduced. Aggressive interactions were scored and compared with claw and carapace size to ascertain if aggression correlated with size. Overall, it was found that the Sand Fiddler Crabs displayed more aggressive behaviors compared to the Atlantic Marsh Crabs and that these behaviors were also linked with claw and carapace size.


Recently unstructured dense point sets have become a new representation of geometric shapes. In this paper we introduce a novel framework within which several usable error metrics are analyzed and the most basic properties of the progressive point-sampled geometry are characterized. Another distinct feature of the proposed framework is its compatibility with most previously proposed surface inference engines. Given the proposed framework, the performances of four representative well-reputed engines are studied and compared.


Based on a 2013 national scale survey data set and methods of statistical descriptive and econometric analysis,this paper has given an empirical analysis on the frequency,flowing direction,return,cost and influential factors of college graduates' migration.Meanwhile,gender comparison in migration has been analyzed.The empirical results are concluded as follows:Firstly,the percentage of migration for female graduates is much lower than male graduates.50.8% of male graduates migrate but only 39.1% of female graduates migrate.Secondly,inter-provincial migration may increase incomes significantly for both male graduates and female graduates.Thirdly,the economy development level is one of the key factors for inter-provincial migration.Fourthly,individual personal characteristics,individual human capital variables and family social and economic background are main factors influencing migration.


A seventy-year-old reinforced concrete T-beam bridge carrying State Route 378 over Wynanskill Creek in Rensselaer County, New York, was recently rehabilitated using Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite laminates. Integrity of the steel reinforcing and overall safety of the bridge was suspected due to severe leakage of water contaminated with deicing salts. Load tests were conducted before and after installation of the FRP laminates, to evaluate effectiveness of the rehabilitation system in strengthening the bridge structure. This paper briefly discusses these tests and presents some of their results.


The word "biosecurity" is used often and loosely. It is a difficult word to define and there may be uncertainty as to its practical application.


The current wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) make ad hoc networking viable for small regions involving a few tens of mobile nodes, but such networks are unreliable. In this pa- per, we investigate the benefits of adding a few infrastructure nodes to an otherwise ad hoc network. These infrastructure nodes are intercon- nected among themselves with point-to-point (p2p) links in addition to Wi-Fi capability. We simulated small ad hoc and mixed networks with 50 mobile nodes and 9 fixed nodes with 12 wired links among them in a 1:5 £ 1:5 Km 2 field. The 9 fixed nodes form a 3 £ 3 grid in the middle of the field. We tested mixed and ad hoc networks for UDP and TCP traffic patterns. Our results show that mixed networks outper- form ad hoc networks by providing 50-100% higher throughput and 50% lower average delay. The primary reasons for significantly higher performance are increased route stability even with a small number of wired links and less contention for wireless channels.


Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are nanostructures with a dimension between 10 and 100 nanometers (nm) that can be synthesized in laboratories through the association of reagent salts such as silver nitrate AgNO3. The objectives of this project were to evaluate the toxicity of different concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized through the combustion reaction technique, as well as the nanoformulation elaborated by associating these NPs with copaiba oil, of the species Copaiffera multijulga, and surfactant Tween 80 (Polysorbate 80). AgNPs compromised root growth with increasing concentrations, and nanoformulations prevented root development at all concentrations used in the tests. The microscopic evaluation of the epidermal cells of the roots, through the detection of alterations in the mitotic process and the knowledge of the components present in the used copaiba oil, will prove with more certainty the genotoxic effects caused by the samples under study.


Abstract : This program has produced in recent years a number of fundamental results on the microscopic properties of metal-semiconductor interfaces and on the mechanism of photon stimulated desorption. Both areas of research are of fundamental interest in condensed matter physics. Furthermore they have important applications in technology. The microscopic metal-semiconductor interface properties are directly related to the behavior and performance of the Schottky barrier, one of the building blocks of modern solid-state devices. This program investigates the formation of metal-semiconductor interfaces with some of the most powerful surface-science experimental probes: photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation, Auger spectroscopy, low-energy electron defraction in high-resolution electron energy loss surface vibrational spectroscopy. The stimulated desorption process is potentially a good probe of the chemical properties of absorbed species, e.g. in catalytic systems.


TIMBRE, of all the parameters of music, is the one least considered. It lacks not only an adequate theory, but even an inadequate one. Its obscurity is in part notational, in part analytical and in each respect historical. While every musician knows that the compositional act of fixing and notating the timbral features of a work is comparatively recent (1750 is a convenient date, as a norm), the peculiarity of timbral notation has not been recognized. Its usual notation indicates not timbres, but rather the means particularly the instrumental means used to achieve them. (This is analogous in many respects to lute and guitar notation of pitches based on instrumental finger positions. Can one imagine the problems for the theory of pitch relations if all pitch notation were based on instrumental manipulation, rather than on the resulting sounds?) Thus timbral notation not only followed centuries after pitch and rhythm notation; it has also remained one step further removed from its essential territory the nature of timbre than those other notations (however questionable and inadequate they may be). Timbral analysis is even more recent than timbral notation. The essential formulations of Helmholtz date from 1850-80. Chapters V and VI ("On the Differences in the Quality of Musical Tones" and "On the Apprehension of Qualities of Tone") of his On the Sensations of Tone have provided the basis for all subsequent theoretical consideration of timbre. These later studies have been undertaken by acousticians, engineers, linguists, physicists, and psychologists (among others); rarely, if ever, by musicians. To be done with accuracy, timbral analysis requires sophisticated technology of a kind which has existed for less than fifty years. Even the observations of Helmholtz, remarkable for their period, contain inaccuracies due to technical limitations.


Meshless method develops on the ideology of finite-element-method. It has great advantage for the problems such as exploding, singularity problems of internal and external boundary, etc. There are many problems, such as the treatment of essential boundary conditions, and casting calculation of inverse matrix. This paper constructs a new function based on the origin of these problems and solves these problems successfully.


Composite cylinders are generally used as primary load carrying structures. Their constitutive behavior up to failure is crucial for a critical design. This paper focuses on the ultimate flexural strength of a polymer based composite cylinder subjected to bending. In such a case, the outmost filament of the cylinder subjected to the maximum bending stress fails the first. The complexity, however, lies in the fact that the failure of this outmost filament generally does not correspond to the ultimate failure. Additional loads can still be applied to the cylinder and a progressive failure process will result. To deal with such a problem in this paper, the cylinder is discretized into a number of lamina layers with different widths. The bridging micromechanics model [Huang, Z. M., Composites Part A, 2001] combined with the classical lamination theory has been applied to understand the progressive failure process generated in the cylinder. Only its constituent fiber and matrix properties under bending are necessary for this understanding and reasonably good accuracy has been achieved. However, the ultimate failure of the cylinder cannot be figured out only based on a stress failure criterion, as one cannot know a priori which ply failure corresponds to the ultimate failure. An additional critical deflection (curvature) condition must be employed also. By using both the stress and the deflection conditions, the estimated ultimate strength of the cylinder agreed well with an experimental measurement.


While much has been written on the moral and metaphysical status of fetuses in Christian bioethics, little thought has been given to how we might characterize the afterlives of the unborn, especially of those human biological individuals who die before even developing a body that could theoretically be resurrected. In this paper, I therefore undertake an examination of questions surrounding the afterlife, specifically as it relates to early pregnancy loss. I first lay out what I call the "problem of weird heavens" that arises when we consider that significantly more unborn human beings have died than have been born in the history of humankind. I then go on to consider questions surrounding both the soteriological status of the embryo and the status of any resurrected "body" it might have. I conclude with the germs of an alternative approach mirrored on the idea of embryonic resorption and mystical union.


This article is the second in a series on the science of group and organizational processes. The earlier article made a case for seeking a common representation of group and organizational processes. This article offers a solution by providing a working definition of group and organizational processes and deriving a working representation of them.Four candidate group and organizational process representations are introduced and evaluated. The first is the MIT process dictionary, the second is knowledge engineering, the third is dynamic simulation, and the fourth is process frameworks. Each has strengths and weaknesses. At this time the process framework view of group and organizational processes has some advantages. Axioms, definitions, and proofs are used to derive the process framework and some of its properties.


Herpes zoster (HZ) is not uncommon viral disease which develops in 20% of immunocompetent individuals and 50% of immunocompromised patients. This disease has significant morbidity and can be fatal. Thus early identification and management of this viral illness is critical to diminish the serious sequels. HZ can have unusual presentations in immunocompromised patients as in our patient who developed asymptomatic, symmetric erosive eruption in multiple dermatomes. Unusual presentation of herpes zoster can interfere with early recognition of this disease and subsequently with initial management leading to severe complications. This report highlights the typical and atypical manifestations, complications as well as the management of HZ.


Interest in the sustainability of carbon fibre structures is growing alongside the increasing use of these materials. The benefits of carbon reinforced composites in terms of weight saving and performance increase for aerospace, automotive and industrial structures is now widely accepted. Legislative factors such as end-of-life regulations are creating the need to reduce landfill of automotive structures. Unless an efficient recycling route can be established for carbon based composites their future use will be limited. As a result, recycling of carbon fibres is of considerable benefit to both fibre manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers.


Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 Sepsis survivors often develop long‐term disabilities with significant health care and social implications.1 Among all patients with sep‐ sis, those who develop coagulopathy are at higher risk of death.2 Although there has been tremendous progress in the understand‐ ing of pathogenesis of septic coagulopathy, efforts to combat the scourge of sepsis‐associated coagulopathy have largely been unsuccessful.2 Excessive and dysregulated thrombin generation is considered the pivotal mechanism underlying septic coagulopathy.3 More re‐ cent studies have highlighted the bidirectional relationship between thrombosis and immune mechanisms as well (termed immunothrom‐ bosis).3 Based on these pathophysiological links, anticoagulant strat‐ egies have been the target in clinical trials aimed at the management of septic coagulopathy. Three key molecules have been studied in this setting so far: activated protein C (APC); antithrombin; and in the SCARLET trial, thrombomodulin. The Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial demonstrated a sig‐ nificant decrease in mortality (6.1%) with the use of APC compared with the placebo.4 Further studies however showed a signal for excess bleeding with APC including the paediatric trial, RESOLVE (Researching Severe Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction in Children: A Global Perspective) and the ENHANCE (Extended Evaluation of Human Recombinant Activated Protein C) open‐label study.5,6 The recent PROWESS–SHOCK trial proved to be the death knell for APC after it showed no significant mortality benefit (26.4% in APC‐treated patients compared to 24.2% in placebo‐arm).7 Antithrombin concen‐ trates were evaluated in randomized trials of patients with sepsis and showed benefit in both improvement of laboratory parameters and organ function.8,9 However, the KyberSept international multicenter trial failed to demonstrate a significant reduction in the mortality of septic patients although this trial did not differentiate between those with and without severe forms of septic coagulopathy and dis‐ seminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).10 Although antithrombin concentrate (varying doses based on patients' antithrombin level) is still currently an accepted treatment in Japan for the management of septic DIC, this is not recommended in the rest of the world.11 The above‐mentioned failed trials led to the concept of trying a drug which could "modulate" the functions of thrombin rather than simply blocking its effect in the realm of septic coagulopathy. In addition to this, thrombomodulin has also been demonstrated to have anti‐ inflammatory effects through high mobility group box protein‐1 by either sequestering it via the N‐terminal domain or its proteolytic cleavage by forming a complex with thrombin.12,13 The SCARLET (Sepsis Coagulopathy Asahi Recombinant LE Thrombomodulin) phase 3 trial was designed to determine the impact of soluble human recombinant thrombomodulin (ART‐123) on 28‐day mortality in patients with sepsis‐associated coagulopathy.14 This trial was based on several studies from Japan which showed clinical benefit for this agent in these patients. Saito and colleagues did a multi‐center, double‐blind, randomized, parallel‐group trial to compare ART‐123 to low‐dose heparin for the treatment of DIC in hematologic malignancy or infection.15 DIC resolution was 66.1% in the thrombomodulin arm compared with 49.9% in the heparin group.15 Although there was no effect on the secondary end point of mortality (21.9% versus 25.7%), the incidence of bleeding‐related adverse events up to 7 days after the start of infusion was lower with thrombomodulin (43.1% versus 56.5%).15 A phase 2b multinational randomized trial by Vincent et al also noted a better 28‐day mortality for recombinant thrombomodulin (17.8% in the ART‐123 group versus 21.6% in the placebo group).16 In the post hoc analyses of this trial, the greatest benefit was observed in patients with at least one organ system dysfunction and an interna‐ tional normalized ratio (INR) greater than 1.4 at baseline suggesting a role for appropriate selection of patients for maximum efficacy. The follow‐on SCARLET trial included nearly 160 sites in 26 countries and included adult patients with sepsis‐associated co‐ agulopathy and concomitant cardiovascular and/or respiratory failure, defined as an INR greater than 1.40 without other known etiology and a platelet count in the range of 30 to 150 × 109/L or a greater than 30% decrease in platelet count within 24 hours.14 The primary end point was 28‐day all‐cause mortality. The results Manuscript handled by: Ton Lisman


The present invention discloses a method for adjusting the flow rate feed liquid for blade loading system, comprising the steps of: setting the size of the target flow rate Q0 gear pump motor frequency f0, respectively, and then performing step (a) and step (b) :( a ), opening the first switching valve, the following steps performed when the first fluid passage to adjust S1-S42 :( ii), opening the second switch valve, and using the first liquid the method of adjusting the same way to adjust the second fluid path. Advantageous effects of the present invention are: the use of this invention, by periodically adjusting the loading system and verification, to eliminate the step of stopping charging blade due to traffic fluctuations caused by the feed liquid.


Abstract Arguments against providing fiscal aid to state governments usually rely on a simplistic moral hazard argument: supporting states through a cyclical downturn encourages them to overspend. This argument undergirds the policy recommendations made by the mainstream literature on Fiscal Federalism. I argue that these accounts are predicated on a misunderstanding of what it means to be an agent with respect to one's budget over the business cycle. Basic corporate finance theory teaches us that in order to have control over the relative movement of income and expenditure in the current period, one must be able to design one's own capital structure. US State governments are institutionally and constitutionally prevented from designing their own capital structures, and as such, cannot be judged to have budgetary agency across the business cycle. I show that the moral hazard problem presented in the fiscal finance literature is ill-posed, and obscures a second, more important problem of moral hazard. Namely, that politicians at the federal level reap the political rewards of pursuing austerity at the state level while remaining insulated from any political, economic, or social costs or responsibility. This second moral hazard problem admits of a simple solution: trigger-based fiscal aid to state governments.


Change in the force temperature phase diagram due to the microscopic change in the model of dsDNA are studied. We report the force temperature phase diagram for two interacting polymer chains (analogus to DNA) for two different models with diagonal interaction using exact enumeration technique to understand the unzipping transition of dsDNA. One of the model has an intermediate phase exhibits two zero-force thermal phase transition. We also find a re-entrance behavior which was absent in earlier lattice models[1].


NBC is designed to cover a broad spectrum of contemporary issues within the field of biotechnology. The plenary session includes presentations from nuclear transfer pioneer Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, Kevin Eggan of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and Burt Adelman of Biogen Idec. Specific topics in the program include: nanomedicine; stem cell therapy; intellectual property; immunomodulator therapy; gene therapy; immunogenicity; nucleic acid therapeutics; biophysical characterization; transdermal delivery of proteins; aseptic manufacture; protein stability; follow on biologics (biogenerics) and comparability of biotechnology products; graduate student symposia; and, exploring biotechnology opportunities in Asia. This timely conference will provide a forum for individuals from industry, government, and academia to present and discuss the challenges facing the rapidly growing biotechnology sector. The scientific program is comprised of a combination of in-depth oral presentations, workshops, and poster sessions.


The corrosion inhibition properties of Piper longum fruit extract and Bacopa monnieri stem extract in 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was studied using chemical technique. Both extracts inhibited the corrosion of aluminium in NaOH solution. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentration of the extracts. The Piper longum fruit extract was found to be more effective. The Piper longum extract gave 95% inhibition efficiency.


We discuss a method for generating Fock (number) states in a single-mode traveling-wave optical field, based on a method we recently proposed for performing a quantum nondemolition measurement of parity and for the generation of parity eigenstates [C. C. Gerry, A. Benmoussa, and R. A. Campos, Phys. Rev. A 72, 053818 (2005)]. The approach is a kind of 'dial-up' scheme that is probabilistic but also depends partially on directed state reductive measurements.


Amorphous chalcogenide thin films, especially a-(Se, S) based films, exhibit a number of photo-induced phenomena. In this study, we make the As40/Ge10/Se15/S35//Ag thin film and then we measure the holographic diffraction efficiency according to thickness of Ag. And we form the two-dimensional holographic grating. At first, we formed one-dimensional grating and then we form two-dimensional grating by rotate the sample. We found out the most suitable thickness of Ag and in case of As40/Ge10/Se15/S35//Ag(600), the diffraction efficiency was more higher than other samples. The holographic grating was formed by He-Ne laser(λ


The effects of nitrogen injection on the heat load in the scape-off layer are systematically investigated in the EAST double-null divertor configuration using EMC3-EIRENE code. Nitrogen impurities injected near the separatrix line and away from the separatrix line give rise to a non-axisymmetric distribution of heat load on the target plate. With impurity injection near the separatrix line, the occurrence of the toroidal asymmetric heat load is observed only nearby the toroidal injection location, while with injection away from the separatrix line the regions of the asymmetric heat load extend and deviate from the toroidal injection position. The competition between the friction force and the ion temperature gradient force has been analyzed. It shows that when impurities are injected away from the separatrix line more impurities can be parallelly transported to a further toroidal location, which results in the extension and deviation of the non-symmetric electron temperature. When the input power is increased, the non-symmetric phenomenon of the heat load turns to be insignificant due to the reduction of the impurity density in the downstream regions, as illustrated by the field line tracing technique. Furthermore, by scanning various injection positions in the EAST tokamak, the optimum location of impurity injection has been discovered.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
The aim of this study was to try to understand the effects of the synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor Batimastat (BB-94) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODOLOGY
An orthotopic metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice model (LCI-D20) was used to study primary tumor growth, local invasion and metastasis of HCC. MTT assay was used to study the effects of BB-94 on cytotoxin and proliferation of HCC cell line SMMC-7721 in vitro. A gelatine zymograph was used to study the expression of MMPs in the LCI-D20 tumor tissue.

RESULTS
BB-94 can inhibit primary tumor growth, local invasion, intrahepatic and lung metastasis, as well as prolong survival. BB-94 did not affect the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. LCI-D20 tumor tissue expresses MMP-2 and MMP-9.

CONCLUSIONS
BB-94 has a cytostatic therapeutic effect on HCC.


The invention relates to an antibacterial composition in the field of compounding of pesticides, and the antibacterial composition comprises two effective components (bupirimate and proquinazid or a binary mixture of quinoxyfen) and the balance of auxiliary components which are allowable and acceptable in pesticides, wherein the weight percentage of the two effective components is (90:1)-(1:90), preferably (2-65):(70-3); the total weight percent of the effective components in the antibacterial composition is 1-90%, preferably 5-70%; and the antibacterial composition can be prepared into wettable powder, a suspending agent, an emulsifiable concentrate, a soluble liquid solvent, an emulsion in water, and water dispersible granules by using known methods. The antibacterial composition disclosed by the invention is mainly used for preventing and treating diseases arising from erysiphe, puccinia, colisporites, pyrenophora and septoria bacteria.


An embodiment of the present invention discloses a file sharing method, apparatus, and mobile device. The file sharing method is used in a first mobile device and comprises: a sharing command directed at a file to be shared is acquired; after starting up the network sharing function of the first mobile device, a network connection is established with a second device requesting network sharing; a browser-based network request sent by the second mobile device is intercepted and redirected, such that the file to be shared becomes the request outcome corresponding to the network request and is sent to the second mobile device. The use of this solution allows rapid file sharing by means of a method which does not generate network traffic, that does not require any software or plug-in having a file sharing function to be installed on the file sharing receiving terminal, thus improving the user experience.


Phenanthrene (PHE), as a structurally simple, tricyclic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), is widely present in marine environments and organisms, with serious ecological and health impacts. It is crucial to study fast and simple high-sensitivity detection methods for phenanthrene in seawater for the environment and the human body. In this paper, a immunosensor was prepared by using a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)-chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) nanocomposite membrane loaded with phenanthrene antibody. The principle was based on the antibody–antigen reaction in the immune reaction, using the strong electron transfer ability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, coupled with chitosan oligosaccharides with an excellent film formation and biocompatibility, to amplify the detection signal. The content of the phenanthrene in seawater was studied via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using a potassium ferricyanide system as a redox probe. The antibody concentration, pH value, and probe concentration were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the response peak current of the phenanthrene was inversely proportional to the concentration of phenanthrene, in the range from 0.5 ng·mL−1 to 80 ng·mL−1, and the detection limit was 0.30 ng·mL−1. The immune sensor was successfully applied to the detection of phenanthrene in marine water, with a recovery rate of 96.1~101.5%, and provided a stable, sensitive, and accurate method for the real-time monitoring of marine environments.


A novel spectroscopy is used to study ultrafast relaxation between different excited states in conjugated polymers and other organics. We demonstrate optical exciton dissociation, which in molecular systems is hindered by fast internal conversion.


Optimization plays a very important role in space applications since mass and structural flexibility are critical requirements for space missions, i.e., the structure should be as lightweight and stiff as possible. As a contribution to this area this paper investigates compliance optimization of structures under multiple load cases. The problem can be solved through a multi-criterion optimization where the load cases associated with each and every loading configuration are treated as components of multi-objective function vector. However, numerical evaluation is not an easy task because it sometimes involves a very intensive computational effort. Alternatively, the multi-objective optimization problem can be re-formulated using a min-max strategy that does not require simultaneous consideration of all the load cases as components of multi-objective function vector. Instead, this formulation shows that, for compliance optimization purposes, it is sufficient to consider only those loads, which define the convex hull of the applicable load set, i.e., the selected set of loads which will effectively lead to the optimum design. Through the min-max formulation the number of load cases involved in the design procedure is drastically reduced. The efficiency of the proposed technique is illustrated by one example consisting of a variable thickness beam subjected to uncertain loadings. 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 Vancouver, Canada


Background The syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a very common disorder with several important complications and is still underdiagnosed. Obesity is considered to be a chronic disease rather than a lifestyle disorder. Adipose tissue secretory function is disturbed by chronic intermitted hypoxia occurring in OSA. The aim of this study was to study the level of serum adiponectin and resistin in patients with OSA and we tried to assess their association to different parameters of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) as well as concomitant comorbidities in each patient. Patients and methods This study contained two groups: Patients of group 1 included 30 newly diagnosed OSA patients and controls (group 2) included 15 healthy volunteers. All patients were subjected to overnight polysomnography, routine laboratory investigations, spirometry, and fasting serum adiponectin and resistin. Results Patients had statistically significant lower serum adiponectin level than controls while serum resistin levels were statistically significant higher in patients than controls. Moreover, serum adiponectin levels were significantly decreased with increased severity of OSA while serum resistin levels were increased significantly with increased severity of OSA. Moreover, there was a statistically significant decrease in serum adiponectin levels in the patients' group with increasing number of comorbidities existing in every patient. There was a statistically significant increase in serum resistin levels in the patients' group with increasing number of comorbidities existing in every patient. Conclusion This highlights the possible relationship of these hormones with the metabolic complications seen in OSA patients.


In this paper, we propose FlexTDOA, an indoor localization method using ultra-wideband (UWB) radios, and we demonstrate its performance in a functional system. Our method uses time-difference of arrival (TDOA) localization so that the user device remains passive and is able to compute its location simply by listening to the communication between the fixed anchors, ensuring the scalability of the system. The anchors communicate using a custom and flexible time-division multiple-access (TDMA) scheme in which time is divided in slots. In each time slot, one anchor interrogates one or more anchors which respond in the same slot. The anchors do not need to have their clocks synchronized. We implemented FlexTDOA on in-house designed hardware using a commercial UWB module. We evaluate the localization accuracy of FlexTDOA with different system parameters such as the number of responses, the order of responses, and the number of anchors. We simulate and evaluate the effect of the physical speed of the tag on the choice of optimum system parameters. We also compare FlexTDOA against the classic TDOA approach and range-based localization in a deployment of ten anchors and one tag, both with and without obstructions. Results show that FlexTDOA achieves the highest localization accuracy in most of the scenarios, with up to 38% reduction in the localization error compared to the classic approach.


An accurate, automated assessment of helicopters' gross weight (GW) and center-ofgravity (CG) is critical for the determination of aircraft fatigue and life estimates since GW/CG greatly affect static and dynamic characteristics of helicopters. Current methods of GW and CG data gathering requires not only meticulous bookkeeping but it also makes several assumptions about fuel burn rate if fuel quantity instrumentation is not available. In addition, if cargos are released/picked-up during a flight, a log of loads and time instants is required to ensure aircraft GW and CG are known at all times during the flight. This paper reviews current state of the art for the GW and CG estimations', summarizing different techniques and underlining their advantages and limitations. Preliminary results are presented in order to underline the capabilities of the proposed techniques. Then, the general framework of an innovative, hybrid approach that combines Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Kalman Filter (KF) techniques is introduced.


Caffeine is the most commonly used psychoactive drug and has been associated with increased attention, focus and motor activity through adenosine receptor (ADORA2A) antagonism. ADORA2A and DRD2 are co‐localized in the central nervous system and blocking the adenosine receptor has been show to act as a dopamine receptor (DRD2) agonist which influence focus and motor tasks. Finally, single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADORA2A varies in response to caffeine which may influence the dopamine response.


As a pit-viper in Asia,Gloydius ussurensiswidely spreads in the northeastern China. Itssnake venom has been as the source of some biological preparations. Basing on the data of reproduc-tive cycle and non-hibernation raising onGloydius ussurensis, the relationship between body lengthand reproductive development, the sexual dimorphism on scent gland length and tail length werestudied by using anatomic method and statistics analysis. The results showed that this pit-viper couldbe sexual maturity at the body length of about 424 mm. Also, it was proved that body length was sig-nificantly related to scent gland length and tail length. It could be inferred that there was correlationbetween sexual dimorphism and reproductive behavior.


The invention discloses magnetic field ore dressing method and equipment thereof. The equipment comprises a rotary screen drum, two ends of which are provided with an upper screen lid and a lower screen lid. The upper screen lid is connected with a motor. The upper portion of the rotary screen drum is provided with a screen mesh. A mine tailing discharge pipe and a concentrate discharge pipe are disposed on the sidewall of a housing which is installed concentric with the rotary screen drum. The mine tailing discharge pipe and the concentrate discharge pipe are separated from each other by the use of a clapboard. Two ends of the housing are provided with a top cover and a lower cover. The top cover and the upper screen lid are installed concentric with a feeding pipe. The lower cover is installed concentric with the lower screen lid. Coils are wound around the upper portion of the housing. The input end of the coils is connected with unidirectional current of pulsation changes. According to the invention, magnetic substances are effectively separated from nonmagnetic substances, the nonmagnetic substances are prevented from being mixed in the magnetic substances, and the recovery rate of the magnetic substances is high.


CuIn 1-x Ga x S 2 thin films with varied Ga content (0≤x≤1) were prepared by vacuum thermal evaporation in presence of thermal gradient by using simultaneously the CuInS 2 and CuGaS 2 powders. The CuIn 1-x Ga x S 2 thin films were deposited onto conventional soda lime glass substrates heated at 200 °C during the deposition process. A series of CuIn 1-x Ga x S 2 thin films were obtained by increasing the m CGS /(m CGS +m CIS ) mass ratio in the evaporating materials. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the films were studied relating of the Ga content. The (112) peak corresponding to the chalcopyrite structure has been observed to be the dominating peak in all the films. However the (112) peak intensity decreases by increasing the Ga content. From EDX analysis, the Cu:(In+Ga):S atomic ratio in all thin films was approximately 1:1:2. The Ga/(In+Ga) atomic ratio in the thin films changed linearly from 0 to 1.0 by increasing the m CGS /(m CGS +m CIS ) mass ratio in the evaporating materials. Low transmission values were found indicating the presence of an opaque aspect due to the presence of a metallic phase in front of the glass substrates.


Introduction
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy derived from epithelial cells lining the nasopharynx. The etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is multifactorial. One of the risk factors is CYP2A6 gene polymorphism which causes nitrosamines are not metabolized, leading to DNA change that could trigger cancer.
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to know the association of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism and clinical stage of undifferentiated type of NPC
Material and Method
This is a cross sectional analytic study. The sample in this study were 80 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients whose treated in ENT-HN department of Sanglah General Hospital between 2017 - 2018. The collected data consist of subject's characteristic and CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms identified by the PCR-RFLP technique.
Results
The probability of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism in the undifferentiated type of NPC in the Balinese tribe is 3.125 times greater in advanced stage than early stage. Based on multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant association between CYP2A6 gene polymorphism and clinical stage of undifferentiated type NPC in Balinese with p value = 0,0048 (p < 0,05).
Conclusion
There is association between CYP2A6 gene polymorphism and clinical stage of undifferentiated type NPC in Balinese tribe.


Coherent states, known as displaced vacuum states, play an important role in quantum information processing, quantum machine learning, and quantum optics. In this article, two ways to digitally prepare coherent states in quantum circuits are introduced. First, we construct the displacement operator by decomposing it into Pauli matrices via ladder operators, i.e., creation and annihilation operators. The high fidelity of the digitally generated coherent states is verified compared with the Poissonian distribution in Fock space. Secondly, by using Variational Quantum Algorithms, we choose different ansatzes to generate coherent states. The quantum resources—such as numbers of quantum gates, layers and iterations—are analyzed for quantum circuit learning. The simulation results show that quantum circuit learning can provide high fidelity on learning coherent states by choosing appropriate ansatzes.


The parameters of a vascular bed (vascular volume in % and vascular dencity on 1 mm2 of tumor) were estimated on the operational-bioptic aspirate of the primary tumor of 83 patients with the ovary cancer (OC). The immunohistochemical method with the use of mice monoclonal antibodies p53, clone DO-7, IgG2b (M7001 DakoCytomation) has been applied for the estimation of the level of p53 expression. Based on the estimated parameters we can conclude that there is no distinctive group of differences among the different clinical stages of the OC. However, there is a weak positive correlation between the volume and density of vessels and the disease stages. At the same time, the quantity of the atypical epithelial cells of the primary tumor that express p53 is significantly increasing in each subsequent stage. The results of the research show the possible p53 inactivation in the tumor cells and the stimulatory role of p53 in the neoangiogenesis in the course of the tumor progression.


Success is one of the ultimate goals of any project endeavour. Thus, clarifying the meaning of success is a vital step in achieving the desired success. In this study, the authors reviewed the project success literature and provided a framework for defining and evaluating project success. The framework consists of four levels that contain the possible criteria for assessing and evaluating success. The authors demonstrate the framework by case application. Further, experts in the field of project management conducted an external evaluation of the framework to assess its merits.


The contributors to this collection, which is written for historians and archaeologists, aim to relate the disciplines of climatology, archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, forensic anthropology and genetics to the elucidation of ancient material and textual evidence. A science background is not required to read it with profit. The authors explain the science involved (some providing more background than others), but with careful study by the reader the scientific aspects will be found to illuminate the archaeology and history. While the Roman world is the subject of most of the illustrations and case-studies, the authors of the 7 chapters, along with W. Scheidel's introductory essay, do explore other geographical areas and time periods. Some might feel that a volume covering such a myriad of topics while attempting to relate them to the Roman world is far too ambitious a task, especially for a text which is fairly short, but to my knowledge no other work provides such broad yet at the same time in-depth analyses of how science can be used to illumine history. As R. J. King and P. A. Underhill remind us (238), "historical studies are by nature interdisciplinary". The book joins research themes to expositions of the associated sciences. Clearly by now it is crucial to include science in historical studies, Scheidel declaring (1) that archaeology "is simply unthinkable without it". The essays reinforce the cogency of Scheidel's assertion.


In this communication, a simple postmodification method to improve the optical properties and stability of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (CPB‐NCs) is reported. By strictly controlling the adding dose of K‐oleate (molar ratio of K/Cs = 1.5/1) into the parent CPB‐NC solution, it is possible to synthesize monodispersed K‐modified CPB‐NCs (K‐CPB‐NCs) with drastically enhanced photo‐ and thermostabilities as well as photoluminescence quantum yields, which are increased to 83% from 65%. Photostability tests show that the parent CPB‐NC film drops to 50% of its original PL intensity after 45 h of illumination, but the K‐CPB‐NC film can maintain 100% of PL even after 153 h. Through the morphology, structure, and composition evolution of K‐CPB‐NCs, these benefits were attributed to the modification of K+ ions, which possibly induces a strong K‐related protective passivation layer on the surface of K‐CPB‐NCs and simultaneously drastically decreases their surface defects.


This useful textbook provides an overview of US–China relations between the late 19th century and the beginning of the 21st. It gives a clear chronology of events and covers the main events and issues in the relationship. It also embeds the description of these events and issues in the larger international and domestic contexts, allowing it to mesh easily with other textbooks that focus either on China's foreign relations in general or on its domestic developments.


This study aims to analyze the increase in verbal-linguistic intelligence of early childhood through TikTok media at RA Al Husna Krejenengan Probolinggo. The research method used is a qualitative case study type. To get an idea of increasing verbal-linguistic intelligence of early childhood through the use of Tiktok media, researchers conducted interviews with school principals and teachers at RA Al Husna Krejenengan Probolinggo. The results showed that the Tik Tok application, together with appropriate methods and techniques, could be used as an interactive learning medium in increasing early childhood verbal-linguistic intelligence. With its various features and ease of operation, the Tik Tok application can be implemented in dialogue learning between teachers and students


FIELD: information technology. SUBSTANCE: invention discloses a system of interfaces for detectors and a module for integrating the detectors, which support separate detectors and arrays of detectors, with possibility of connecting and critical functions needed for analogue and digital detectors during deployment in field applications used to detect chemical, biological, radiation, nuclear and explosive substances. The module for integrating detectors facilitates efficient integration of a separate detector or multiple detectors into an array, using the modular block of interfaces for detectors, and provides individual TCP/IP addresses for each detector, processing signals for given detectors and possibility of communication, which establish each detector or array of detectors as network elements on a distributed network. EFFECT: high accuracy for calibrating detectors and synchronisation of an array of detectors. 19 cl, 8 dwg


With the growing momentum around Open RAN (O-RAN) initiatives, performing dynamic Function Splitting (FS) in disaggregated and virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRANs), in an efficient way, is becoming highly important. An equally important efficiency demand is emerging from the energy consumption dimension of the RAN hardware and software. Supplying the RAN with Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) promises to boost the energy-efficiency. Yet, FS in such a dynamic setting, calls for intelligent mechanisms that can adapt to the varying conditions of the RES supply and the traffic load on the mobile network. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL)based dynamic function splitting (RLDFS) technique that decides on the function splits in an O-RAN to make the best use of RES supply and minimize operator costs. We also formulate an operational expenditure minimization problem. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on a real data set of solar irradiation and traffic rate variations. Our results show that the proposed RLDFS method makes effective use of RES and reduces the cost of an MNO. We also investigate the impact of the size of solar panels and batteries which may guide MNOs to decide on proper RES and battery sizing for their networks.


Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are gradually adopted in the industrial world due to their less cost and easy deployment. The contributions of this paper are modeling transmission reliability in typical industrial environment and implementing the model as extended simulation framework for optimizing the hopping scheme. The statics model is realized as Extended Industrial Framework (EIF) based on OMNet++ to support the description of diverse wireless link characteristics in diverse industrial utility. The simulation results show accuracy of EIF with consistent trend as actual measurement and validity to simulate the operation of industrial WSN protocols.


This study simulates the flow through an impulse-type small-scale hydraulic turbine utilizing a waterfall of extra-low head. The two-dimensional Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is employed for the simulation. The fluid is discretized by particles, and the flow is computed by the Lagrangian calculation for the particle motion. When the distance between the particles discretizing the waterfall of a width , , is set at , the flow can be simulated with the sufficiently high spatial resolution, and the rotor performance can also be favorably predicted. The present simulation also successfully analyzes the effect of the rotational speed of rotor on the flow and the turbine performance.


. This paper examines the exchange of money, commodities, and services among religious adepts and between humans and their ancestors in a Candomble mortuary ritual in Cachoeira, Bahia, Brazil. In the axexe, profits from secret ceremonies fund communal devotions. Communal devotions tie initiatic kin together through reciprocity. Mortuary rituals sever these ties when initiatic family members die. Parties in the service of benevolent deities bring fame to houses. Fame attracts clients. Clients pay to undo the malfeasance of their enemies or to make them suffer. Their money in turn funds communal devotions. Evil underwrites good. Concealment underwrites spectacle. The dead become the livelihood of the living.


The main purpose of this work is to optimize the effects of operating parameters on the yield of products from fast pyrolysis of four palm oil biomasses (empty fruit bunch [EFB], palm shell [PS], palm mesocarp fiber [PMF], and oil palm fronds [OPF]) in a fluidized bed reactor. Three kinetics schemes (simple, global, and advanced) were applied to predict the yield of pyrolytic products (liquid [bio‐oil], gas, and char). The results from the simulation of three kinetics schemes compared with the reported experimental data. The results from global and advanced kinetics schemes showed better prediction than simple kinetics scheme. The influence of the operating parameters such as biomass constituents, vapor residence time, reaction temperature and particle size on the fast pyrolysis of palm oil biomasses was investigated using the global kinetics scheme. Moreover, the yield of pyrolysis products was also classified using the advanced kinetics scheme. The results indicated that EFB biomass with particle size of 0.3 mm gave the maximum yield of liquid product due to its higher cellulose content compared to other palm oil biomasses (OPF, PMF, and PS) at reaction temperature of 773 K and vapor residence time of 1 s.


This paper presents an efficient localization method for outdoor mobile robots using GPS and IMU sensors. The predicted pose using the pure odometry is generally not reliable in outdoor environment because of different altitudes in outdoor terrain. In order to overcome this drawback, we use the IMU-aided enhanced odometry for predicting the robot pose. For estimating the robot pose in outdoor terrain, and extended Kalman filter is applied with odometry, GPS and IMU sensor data. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed localization method.


PurposeThere is currently a focus on using networks to drive school and school system improvement. To achieve such benefits, however, requires school leaders actively support the mobilisation of networked-driven innovations. One promising yet under-researched approach to mobilisation is enabling distributed leadership to flourish. To provide further insight in this area, this paper explores how the leaders involved in one professional learning network (the Hampshire Research Learning Network) employed a distributed approach to mobilise networked learning activity in order to build professional capital.Design/methodology/approachA mixed methods approach was used to develop a case study of the Hampshire RLN . Fieldwork commenced with in-depth semi-structured interviews with all school leaders of schools participating in the network and other key participating teachers (12 interviews in total). A bespoke social network survey was then administered to schools (41 responses). The purpose of the survey was to explore types of RLN-related interaction undertaken by teachers and how teachers were using the innovations emerging from the RLN within their practice.FindingsData indicate that models of distributed leadership that actively involves staff in decisions about what innovations to adopt and how to adopt them are more successful in ensuring teachers across networks: (1) engage with innovations; (2) explore how new practices can be used to improve teaching and learning and (3) continue to use/refine practices in an ongoing way.Originality/valueCorrespondingly we argue these findings point to a promising approach to system improvement and add valuable insight to a relatively understudied area.


The capture time of baseband digital symbol synchronizers is investigated. Generalized expressions are developed for capture times, and these capture times are found to be influenced by added disturbances as well as by timing error detector characteristics. The question of when a synchronizer can be considered synchronized for performance comparison purposes is discussed in detail. Further analysis is carried out for the case where the disturbance can be represented as additive Gaussian noise. A complete evaluation of capture time is then performed for both a linear and a nonlinear timing error detector characteristic. The evaluated performance is compared with numerical simulation and found to agree closely.<<ETX>>


We attempt to validate optical measurements of cerebral blood volume and blood flow in a rat model during a hypercapnic challenge using functional MRI. Initial results show good correlation between optical measurements and MR results.


HPV infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer and its precancer. With popularization of HPV prophylactic vaccines, the incidence of cervical cancer is expected to decrease, however, it will take time to eradicate cervical cancer. In order to prevent and control cervical cancer, it is important to implement a step-by-step preventive strategy according to the level of prevention: the primary prevention by HPV prophylactic vaccines; the secondary prevention by screening and treatment; and the tertiary prevention by the treatment of invasive cervical cancer. In this review, we especially focus on the secondary prevention and discuss the management of HPV-related cervical precancer based on the HPV genotypes as well as human immune responses against HPV infection.


A 44-year-old woman presented with anisocoria, ptosis OD, and right-sided headache and neck pain. She was found to have Horner's syndrome OD, Adie's syndrome OS, and fibromuscular dysplasia. The diagnostic pitfalls associated with bilaterally abnormal pupils and carotidynia are explored.


In the United States, racial-ethnic differences on tests of school readiness and academic achievement continue. A complete understanding of the origins of racial-ethnic achievement gaps is still lacking. This article describes social equity theory (SET), which proposes that racial-ethnic achievement gaps originate from two kinds of social process, direct and signal influences, that these two kinds of processes operate across developmental contexts, and that the kind of influence and the setting in which they are enacted change with age. Evidence supporting each of SET's key propositions is discussed in the context of a critical review of research on the Black–White achievement gap. Specific developmental hypotheses derived from SET are described, along with proposed standards of evidence for testing those hypotheses. This article offers an account of the varied social processes that contribute to mean differences in test scores between children from different racial-ethnic groups, spanning preschool to high school (on measures of school readiness and academic achievement, Asian Americans achieve higher average scores than White students, who in turn achieve higher average scores than it has received a great deal of attention, the Black– White achievement gap is used to illustrate the major points of this article. The broad goal of this article, however, is to propose a model that applies to a variety of racial-ethnic and other achievement gaps. Racial-ethnic achievement gaps are substantial lifespan phenomena. By all accounts, the magnitude of the Black–White achievement gap is considerable , ranging from. The Black–White achievement gap affects individuals and the generation to which they belong, beginning in early childhood and spanning all educational levels (Farkas, 2003). In terms of school readiness, research has consistently demonstrated that prior to school entry, Black students achieve lower average scores than White students The Black–White achievement gap is a highly consequential social problem. School readiness and academic achievement are associated with the kinds of jobs and wages people are able to secure. Racial-ethnic achievement gaps that begin at school entry and persist through school completion thus can influence racial-ethnic gaps in socioeconomic status (SES) across the life span (e. Furthermore, the health of any democratic society is predicated on the ability of its population to make informed choices at the ballot box. When large segments of the population are inadequately educated, democracy's health is at risk. As with any social problem, how policy makers, practitioners, and the public formulate the Black– White achievement gap's …


ABSTRACT A study of carabid assemblages (Coleoptera, Carabidae) was performed in pine stands disturbed by windthrow (Lipusz Forest, North Poland) in 2018, i.e. one year after the disturbance, in five treatments representing different classes of disturbance severity: least disturbed stands (canopy cover of 60–80%), moderately disturbed stands (canopy cover of 20–40%) and severely disturbed stands (canopy cover 0%). Moderately and severely disturbed stands were further subdivided into those with tree crowns lying on the ground and those without, or rather located between broken crowns. Based on the abundance and rarefied number of carabid species, the data did not confirm the hypothesis of higher abundance and species number in assemblages inhabiting the lying tree crowns compared with open windthrown stands without tree crowns. However, results based on carabid ecological traits confirmed the hypothesis of a higher contribution of late-successional species in assemblages under broken tree crowns than in assemblages living between such crowns. This association became stronger with the increasing severity of the windthrow disturbance. These results provide a rationale for leaving at least some lying tree crowns in windthrown stands so that the forest fauna can find refuge under the crowns.


Anisotropic edge enhancement is simulated using a spiral phase plate (SPP) in optical scanning holography (OSH). We propose to use a delta function and an SPP as the pupil functions to realize anisotropic edge enhancement. The interference of these two pupils is used to two-dimensionally scan an object to record its edge-only information. This is done in three ways: first, by shifting the SPP, second, by using two offset SPPs of same charge, and finally, by using two oppositely charged SPPs. Our computer simulations show the capability of selectively enhancing the edges of a given object.


Formal methods referring to mathematical modeling techniques applicable to computer design, software and hardware, are as old as computer science itself. They have gone a long way before becoming an indispensable tool in a wide spectrum of applications, from chip design to information system modeling. The domain of computer-based systems (CBS) brings new challenges to formal specification methods and tools because of complexity of CBS, which include distributed/parallel, hard RT, safety critical and mixed SW/HW systems. Since complete formal specification, modeling and verification of large complex systems is impractical at this time, using formal methods only for the most critical portions of a system is a pragmatic and useful strategy. The Formal Specifications Working Group within the IEEE Computer Society TC-ECBS aims at the use of formal notations to describe assumptions, requirements and a design of CBS. The first Workshop on Formal Specifications of CBS (FS-CBS) has been organized by Charles Rattray (UK) and Miroslav Sveda (CZ) and held in Edinburgh, Scotland, 6-7 April, 2000. It created a forum for researchers and practitioners from industry and academia in which discussions focused on completed work as well as work-in-progress, related to FS CBS, software, hardware and hardware/software applications. Authors of 17 presented contributions from Europe and North America extended their submissions to full papers, out of which the best 6 passed the reviewing process and appear in this special issue of J.UCS. The paper " 1RQGHWHUPLQLVWLFF$GPLVVLEOHH,QWHUIHUHQFH " by J. Mullins addresses the issue of confidentiality and information security, important for applications such as electronic banking. Admissible information flow between levels of multi-level security architecture is modeled using the extended transition system DTS and completeness of such characterization is formally proved. The follow-up research is to be oriented into computer-aided verification methods and tools for admissible interference. Two papers deal with aspects of Unified Modeling Language (UML), a standard notation used in the object-oriented analysis and design phase. The paper entitled " 8VHH RII (/27266 LQQ $GGLQJJ)RUPDOLW\\ WRR 80/´ by R. Clark and A. Moreira describes mappings from UML constructs to the formal language E-LOTOS, which then provides executable specifications. In obtaining a formal model this way, authors were even able to identify inconsistencies in UML models. Rapid prototyping tools are suggested for validation purposes. The other paper on UML, " $QQ2XWOLQHHRII3966 6HPDQWLFVVIRUU80/6WDWHFKDUWV " by I.Traore presents an approach for formalization of


AIM:To develop a novel method for improving antibiotic-producing strains.METHODS:The actinorhodin(Act)and undecylprodigosin(Red)biosyntheses in Streptomyces lividans 66 and a relA mutant of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)were impaired.The mutants with activated/restored Act and Red production were selected by inducing resistance to capreomycin,a basic peptide antibiotic.Western blotitng analysis was made to investigate the relationship between activated Act and Red production and the expression of ActII-ORF4 and RedD,the Act and RedD biosynthetic pathway-specific regulators,respectively.RESULTS:the capreomycin-resistant(cap)mutations could restore the impaired antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor RelA(relA)without recovering the ppGpp synthesis,and activate the Act and Red production in Streptomyces lividans 66,suggesting that the dependence of Streptomyces coelicolor on ppGpp to initiate antibiotic biosynthesis could be bypassed by cap mutations.These cap mutants of Streptomyces lividans 66 exhibited different phenotypes with several different mutational types possibly appearing in them,although we have not found the mutational positions so far.CONCLUSION:Our observations demonstrated that cap mutations could activate Act and Red biosyntheses through directly or indirectly upregulating the expression of proteins ActII-ORF4 and RedD,respectively.One novel method to improve antibiotic-producing strains has been found.


Simple Summary Bruchomyiinae is one of seven subfamilies of Psychodidae. In the contemporary fauna, this small, relict subfamily occurs mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Examination of inclusions preserved in the Upper Cretaceous amber of Myanmar (also known as Burmese amber), which is almost 100 mya, shows that this subfamily was abundant during the Cretaceous period. The extinct genus Palaeoglaesum is known only from this fossil resin. Moreover, its numerous inclusions and high diversification confirm that the Mesozoic was the stage of the early evolution and radiation of Psychodidae. Here we describe three new species and we provide additional details regarding the morphology of fossil species. Abstract Cretaceous Myanmar amber is abundant in inclusions belonging to the genus Palaeoglaesum. In addition, a significant morphological diversity among representatives of Palaeoglaesum can be observed. However, none of its representatives have been found in other fossil materials. Herein three new species: P. stebneri sp. nov., Skibińska and Krzemiński P. teres sp. nov. Skibińska and Albrycht, and P. pilosus sp. nov. Skibińska, Krzemiński and Zhang from Cretaceous Myanmar amber are described and illustrated. The very small size and characters of male hypopygium with aedeagus strongly bent and apically forked are pertinent to diagnosing the genus and species. New materials show that this genus and the whole subfamily Bruchomyiinae were probably more abundant and more diverse than the presently known extant fauna.


We present a novel method for mowing robot's lawn boundary recognition based on Gabor filters and support vector machine (SVM). Robust texture features of images are extracted and concatenated using Gabor filters. The principle components analysis (PCA) approach is then used to reduce the dimensionality of Gabor features. Based on the compressed features, SVM model is trained and used to perform the grass texture classification task. The boundary of lawn is then recognized according to the ratio of grass area of the image. To demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed method, a dataset is created with about 1500 images of different lawn scenes. Result shows that a classification accuracy of 96.7% can be reached when SVM is used. Experiments of the lawn boundary recognition have also been conducted on the mowing robot under different lighting conditions. The recognition rate tested is 98.3%, which proves the efficiency and superiority of our proposed method. Keywords-component; mowing robot; computer vision; gabor filter; PCA; SVM


The aim of this article is to evaluate the effectiveness of the European Union's 'Europe for Citizens' program by analyzing the situation of the Baltic states in the context of the overall EU level, as well as comparing Latvia with neighboring Estonia and Lithuania. Within the frameworks of the two actions ('European Remembrance Projects' and 'Civil Society Projects') in the 'Europe for Citizens' program for the two periods (2007-2013) and (2014-2020), both the financial support of the European Union to the most active groups of civil society (top-down) and a very high activity of civil society by project application have been examined. Under approved projects, various activities were developed, promoting public participation both at the local level and among the citizens of various European Union countries, thus starting to influence the processes at the EU level (bottom-up) as well. The data show that the population of all three Baltic states has a high sense of belonging to the European Union, well above the EU average.


Through the analysis of monitoring results,the raw water quality for drinking water supply in Taicang city was evaluated by means of monomial index and comprehensive index.The resul showed that the surface water has been lightly polluted and the groundwater quality was relatively poor.So the groundwater in Taicang city was not appropriate to be the source of direct drinking watet.The main pollutants were the chemical oxygen demand,ammonia,volatile phenolic compounds,nitrate and permanganate index.Then the pollution causes were analyzed.Some strategies for water pollution control were finally proposed from four ways.


Detection and estimation of harmonic signals embedded in noise is one of the most encountered problems in the signal processing area. Much research has been done for solving such a problem regarding its importance in many applications. Second order statistics have been used extensively by many authors such as Whittle, Bartlett, Hannan, and Priestley. Each of them proposed a test for harmonic signal detection. However, most of these tests have been proposed under the Gaussina assumption. As a matter of fact, when the the noise is non- Gaussian, statistics of higher order could provide much more information. This is where this paper is directed. We particularly focus our attention on the third and fourth order cumulant methods. Statistical tests based on an extension of the existing tests are used and their efficiency analyzed and discussed.


Th s paper considers school autonomy and the related issue of accountability in the English education system. It begins with a discussion of the context in which English schools and their leaders are currently operating and the challenges they face. A brief historical account of the development of school autonomy and accountability is then offered which follows closely the historical analysis provided for English schools by Trevor Male in his chapter. The part that leadership – more specifi ally school headteachers – play in school improvement is next discussed which in turn leads, partly as a result of the unintended consequences of accountability, to the more philosophical question of leadership for what educational purpose. The growth of academies and school-led improvement – or what has been referred to as the self-improving school system – is further considered in the penultimate section. Lastly the question raised in the paper's title about the rhetoric and the reality of school autonomy is discussed along with some concluding comments.


The vehicle is designed by taking into consideration of the physically challenged people especially the paraplegic patients. These people are living in our vicinity with paralyzed legs, their mode of transport from one place to another is through the wheel chairs. The normal wheel chair has to be operated manually with more man power, this eventually makes tiresome for people to cover long distances, in order to overcome such hardships faced by those people artificial intelligent wheel chair is proposed work. The vehicle is being controlled by the analog sensors fitted in the patient's hand. The device used here is an accelerometer MPU 6050 sensor. The arduino nano board and arduino uno board is acting as an interface between the accelerometer and RF transmitter, DC gear motor and the RF receiver respectively. Coding is developed be the principles of accelerometer in x, y and z directions. The vehicle moves in all four direction according to the gesture of the patient. On the whole the vehicle is patient friendly and cost efficient.


Resonant frequency and unloaded Q factor of composite microwave cavities are computed using surface integral equations for axisymmetric objects. The equivalence principle is used to formulate the problem so that the unbounded space Green's function can be utilized. The numerical results are verified experimentally for many samples of conducting cavities and dielectric resonators inside conducting cavities. Also, cases with a sector of the rotational cavity are considered by introducing a conducting corner. The method allows the computation of the stored energy in each dielectric region and the unloaded Q factor.


Excessive usage of the Internet can negatively affect health and health practices especially among youth. To examine the issue among Turkish students, this study determined the association between high-school students' attitudes towards Internet usage and their health behaviour. The sample (n = 2043) was randomly drawn from all students at two high schools in Turkey: one in Anatolia and one (a vocational school) in Istanbul. Data were collected using the Structured Questionnaire, Attitude Scale towards Internet Usage (ASTIU) and Adolescent Lifestyle Profile (ALP). The mean age of the students was 16.3 years, 77.7% were male and 96.9% used the Internet; mean duration of Internet use was 18.8 h/week. Female students had more positive attitudes towards Internet usage. Mean scores for ASTIU and ALP were 72.58 (SD 17.64) and 111.34 (SD 16.61) respectively, which were average levels. There was a


A signaling configuration method comprises: a base station notifies a user equipment of first special subframe configuration and second special subframe configuration by using first signaling and second signaling, wherein the base station and the user equipment determine the first special subframe configuration according to the first signaling, determine the second special subframe configuration according to the first signaling and the second signaling, or, determine the second special subframe configuration according to the second signaling. By means of the method, the problem of low multiplexing capacity of SRS is resolved, and the multiplexing capacity of the SRS is increased.


O.05). There were significantly higher positive rates of ER and lower positive rates of PR in post-menopausal patients than in premenopausal cases(PO.05). The patients with no metastasis in the axillary lymph nodes had higher simultaneous positive rates of ER and PR (P


Supply chain management is extremely importantin today's environment. The modern supply chain mustevolve to meet new demands and challenges. Consumerdemands, additional market channels, internationalproblems and other factors will lead to significant challengesin supply chain network. However, some components of thesupply chain are opaque, limiting agility and decisionmaking. Millions of dollars are lost due to poor data quality. The lack of governance rules and transparency raises thedanger. As a result, consumer's trust and loyalty aredependent on sustainable sourcing and traceability. Ourproject proposes a microservice based data managementsystem for optimizing the supply chain management in anefficient way. The major goal is to store data in the mostefficient and cost-effective way possible so that productionand maintenance costs are kept low. The proposed researchwork has utilized seven major domains, which are developedby using microservice based approach and Java Springframework with Mongo Atlas as its database. MicrosoftAzure is used as a cloud service to deploy the APIs and userinterface through GIT actions. Different testing andmonitoring strategies are performed to keep the app up andrunning under extreme conditions. Design patterns and bestpractises are followed during the development.


Objective: To compare supercritical CO 2 fluid extraction(SFE CO 2) with steam distillation(SD) in the chemical constituents and content of essential oil from Forsythia Suspensa. Method: GC MS combination was adopted. Results: Both the two methods shared the same main components as α pinene, β pinene and sabinene. Benzene methanol,4 [1 methylethyl] and Benzene methanol,2 [4 methylethyl] were extracted exclusively by SFE CO 2, Among two methods there is a good deal of similarity all the other components extracted. Furthermore, sabinene、transpinocarveol and shorten were the first obtained from the plant. Conclusion: The SFE CO 2 was superior to SD in raising yield and reducing extractive time. It is a good method in extracting the essential oils from Forsythia Suspensa.


This study aims to improve students' mathematical representation skills after using the Multimedia Learning Module (MLM) with hologram simulation. The study was conducted using a pre-experimental design with a pretest post-test group. Research is being carried out in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, so learning is done virtually. The subjects in this study were students of class X IPA 1 SMA Negeri 1 Muntilan. Data collection techniques through pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and calculating the N-gain to determine the increase in students' mathematical representation abilities. The results of the N-gain analysis showed that the increase in the mathematical representation ability of class X IPA 1 students resulted in a value of 0.6 in the moderate category.


The present invention, stable liquid or semisolid pharmaceutical composition of apomorphine, a more compositions specifically comprising an apomorphine and organic acids, for example neurological or motility disease or disorder such as Parkinson's disease or compositions useful in the treatment of conditions associated with them about.


We show a general nonlinear stress-strain response for crystalline materials subject to an initial deformation. The scheme is implemented using 3rd, 4th, and higher order elastic constants. We apply the formulation to a face-centered cubic crystalline Au under shear while in an initially hydrostatically deformed state. We then compare the nonlinear shear stress-strain relations from our derived formulation with Hellmann-Feynman shear stress-strain curves obtained directly from ab initio calculations. The results show that the general analytical expression for the nonlinear stress-strain relation is satisfactory and thus expected to have many applications where ab initio calculations are limited, including cases at finite temperature.


This paper firstly investigates social and political platform developed by nationalism in Iran and Turkey between the years 1920-1950 and introduce the main fac-tors in the formation of nationalist ideas. The author examines how formal cooperation between Iran and Turkey governments influences the formation of nationalist movements. Then, research reveals promotions related to the nationalist architectural movements of Turkey and Iran nationalists policies. Therefore, based on the opinion of the critics, paper investıgates some architectural buildings of the two countries. Finally, to discuss how the governmental policies affect Iran and Turkey nationalist architectural movements, a comparative study is conducted. Accordingly, Iran and Turkey apply their experience in the formation of a government to demand fundamental changes in people's lifestyle. In this way, factors such as religious ideas, historical aspects, western countries influences, and the interaction of the governments of the two countries cause nationalist movements.


The supernova SN 2006aj associated with GRB 060218 is the second-closest GRB-SN observed to date (z = 0.033). We present Very Large Telescope, Liverpool Telescope, and Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope multi-color photometry of SN 2006aj. This supernova is found to be subluminous and rapidly evolving. Its early light curve includes an additional wavelength-dependent component, which can be interpreted as shock break-out. We compare the photometric evolution of multi-band light curves with the corresponding properties of the present sample of more than 10 GRB-SNe with precisely known redshifts. Using host-galaxy extinction measurements, we derive extinction-corrected GRB-SN luminosities and place SN 2006aj in the context of this GRB-selected supernova sample as well as in the context of local stripped-envelope supernovae.


Map shows mid-nineteenth century Georgia and Alabama counties, railroads, cities, and towns. Insets: "Savannah, Georgia" and "City of Atlanta, the capitol of Georgia." Relief shown by hachures. Scale [ca. 1:1,931,000].


The science of light manipulation started with the ancient Greeks, so we have had many years to develop it. Lenses and holograms are part of our everyday lives. Light and sound are very similar: they are both waves, and they both have particles associated with them. So, why do we not have lenses or displays for sound? Or do we? This article will tell the story of how sound technology is catching up with light technology. We will tell you about acoustic metamaterials, an emerging technology that is quickly becoming part of our loudspeakers, our shows, our cars, our public spaces, and our hospitals—all the places where we want control over sound and noise. The future of shaping and designing sound is in the making! Maybe someday, sound experts will even teach something to light experts!


Objective:To explore the relationship between the levels of matrix metallo proteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metallo proteinase-9 (MMP-9) in blood plasma of neonates with intracranial haemorrhage and neurologic impairment,amount of bleeding.Methods:The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in blood plasma in 60 neonates with intracranial haemorrhage (case group) and 20 healthy neonates (control group) were detected by ELISA.Results:The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in case group were significantly higher than those in control group(P0.01);there was significant difference in levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 between light type group,middle type group and severe type group(P0.01);there was significant difference in levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 between different amounts of bleeding group(P0.01).Conclusion:The levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in blood plasma of neonates with intracranial haemorrhage are related to the amount of bleeding and neurologic impairment, which play a role in the pathogenesis of secondary injury after intracranial haemorrhage in neonates.


Human Pose Estimation (HPE) is widely used in various fields, including motion analysis, healthcare, and virtual reality. However, the great expenses of labeled real-world datasets present a significant challenge for HPE. To overcome this, one approach is to train HPE models on synthetic datasets and then perform domain adaptation (DA) on real-world data. Unfortunately, existing DA methods for HPE neglect data privacy and security by using both source and target data in the adaptation process. To this end, we propose a new task, named source-free domain adaptive HPE, which aims to address the challenges of cross-domain learning of HPE without access to source data during the adaptation process. We further propose a novel framework that consists of three models: source model, intermediate model, and target model, which explores the task from both source-protect and target-relevant perspectives. The source-protect module preserves source information more effectively while resisting noise, and the target-relevant module reduces the sparsity of spatial representations by building a novel spatial probability space, and pose-specific contrastive learning and information maximization are proposed on the basis of this space. Comprehensive experiments on several domain adaptive HPE benchmarks show that the proposed method outperforms existing approaches by a considerable margin. The codes are available at https://github.com/davidpengucf/SFDAHPE.


†Bernoulli News is the of icial newsletter of the Bernoulli Society, publishing news, calendars of events, and opinion pieces of interest to Bernoulli Society members, as well as to the Mathematical Statistics and Probability community at large. The views and opinions expressed in editorials and opinion pieces do not necessarily re lect the of icial views of the Bernoulli Society, unless ex‐ plicitly stated, and their publication in Bernoulli News in noway implies their endorsement by the Bernoulli Society. Consequently, the Bernoulli Society does not bear any responsibility for the views expressed in such pieces. Published twice per year by the Bernoulli Society ISSN 1360–6727


We have developed a new Bayesian method to correct the flux densities of astronomical sources. The hybrid method combines a simulated likelihood to model survey selection together with an analytic source-count-based prior. The simulated likelihood captures the effect of complicated selection methods, such as multi-frequency filtering or imposed restrictions on recovered sample properties (e.g., color cuts). Simulations are also able to capture unanticipated sources of uncertainty. In this way, the method enables a broader application of Bayesian techniques. Use of an analytic prior allows variation of assumed source count models without re-simulating the likelihood. We present the method along with a detailed description of an application to real survey data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.


Credit card fraud refers to the physical loss of master card or loss of sensitive master card information. Credit card fraud detection is presently the foremost frequently occurring problem within the present world. Now a days Credit card is the commonly used payment mode. Because the technology is developing, the amount of fraud cases are also increasing. But due to lot of loop holes in this system, many problems are arising in the method of credit card scams. Due to this the companies as well as customers who are using credit cards face an enormous loss. Individuals master card information is collected illegally and it is used for fraudulent transactions. To detect the fraudulent activities the master card fraud detection system was introduced. Generally we have many machine learning algorithms that are used for credit card fraud detection. Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Adaboost are a number of the machine learning algorithms used for Credit Card Fraud Detection. Using these algorithms we calculate the accuracy, precision, recall. The algorithm that has the best accuracy, precision and recall is taken in to account as the best algorithm that is used to detect the fraud.


Abstract : The US Department of Defense requires an environmentally benign synthesis route for the manufacture of military grade trinitrotoluene (TNT) which eliminates the production of redwater arising from the sulfiting process for removing unsymmetrical trinitrotoluene isomers. QinetiQ has found that by using a novel nitrating system, N2O5 in dichloromethane, the proportion of meta-substituted nitrotoluenes can be reduced to 1.3-1.5%, instead of the 4-5% levels in current processes. Additional improvements have been made to the following di- and tri-nitration steps by using alternatives to traditional mixed (sulfuric-nitric) acid systems, namely 100% nitric acid and N2O5-sulfuric acid respectively, resulting in reduced emissions of pollutants (NOx off-gas and tetranitromethane). As a result, TNT with a set point within 0.3 deg C of the Mil Spec (80.2 deg C) can be made by the QinetiQ process, without the need for sulfite washing; one recrystallization raises this figure to 80.6 deg C. A study of the process economics has shown that the cost (at 4.5 million lb per annum scale) is not disproportionately greater than current processes.