A significant part of patients with gynecological cancers can be cured by surgery. However, for patients with inoperable, chemotherapy resistant or relapsing carcinomas treatment regimens with curative potential yet remain to be defined. Increased glycolysis for energy production was observed to be essential for the viability of tumor cells and represent an attractive point of attack in the tumor therapy. In addition, GnRH receptors mainly expressed by the cells of reproductive organs can be used for targeted tumor therapy. In this study the cytostatic effect of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose in combination with cytotoxic GnRH analogue-I AN-152 and a GnRH-II antagonist was analyzed in vitro. It was shown that the combined treatment resulted in a significant reduced viability compared with the single agent treatment. The observed reduction in viability came off thereby induction of apoptosis as shown by TUNEL Assay. Also for apoptosis induction a significant stronger effect in the case of co-treatment compared with single agent treatment could be observed. The cytostatic effect was mediated by activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This additive effect could be confirmed with activation of Caspase-3. The GnRH analogues vary in their potency of reduction of viability and induction of apoptosis. The GnRH-I analogue AN-152 which is linked with the cytostatic Doxorubicin had a stronger additive effect as the only endocrine active GnRH-II antagonist. The pivotal role of glycolysis in malignant tumors as well as the extensive experiences with GnRH analogues in gynecological cancers suggest with the results of this study a combined treatment of glycolysis inhibitor and GnRH analogue as a rational extension for current therapies of advanced endometrial and ovarian cancer, which should be evaluated in further in-vitro and in-vivo studies.


The present invention relates to a motor vehicle transmission (2) for a commercial vehicle which has at least one transmission input shaft (8, 9) and at least one transmission stage, which on a drive output side serves to connect, in each case, a driveshaft (22) of an associated retarder (3) and can be linked into a force flow. To enable the at least one retarder (3) to be connected on the drive input side of the motor vehicle transmission (2), a drive input side of the at least one transmission stage is arranged on the at least one transmission input shaft (8, 9).


The article puts forward investigational questions and conceptual model based on the literature.According to the questionnaire acquired from some physical education teachers of the universities or colleges in one region,the paper practically discusses and validates the distinct relativity for the relationship among leader' s Emotional Intelligence perceived by physical education teachers and physical education teachers Organizational Commitment.At the same time,the paper measures the forecast effect upon teacher's Organizational Commitment from leader's Emotional Intelligence,Sex,Age and Degree etc.The vital statistics information indicates that it can evidently forecast the different magnitude of physical education teachers' Organizational Commitment by Using of Emotion Intelligence,Sex,Age and Degree.The results are the important guidance for the construction and development of some organization,for instance universities or colleges.


This paper addresses the planning and control of dynamic contact manipulation. In an earlier paper (Srinivasa et al., 2005), we derived a constraint on the robot joint accelerations that needed to be satisfied to obtain a desired contact mode and a desired dynamic motion of the object. We proposed a technique for trajectory planning which involved planning a path in the system configuration space followed by time-scaling the path to satisfy dynamic constraints. This paper tackles a problem where only a small set of paths can be time-scaled to satisfy the constraints. We note that the dynamic constraints depend only on a subspace of the system state space. Projecting the dynamics and the constraints onto the subspace allows us to compute an analytical solution for the trajectory generation problem. We generate controllable simulations by allowing the user to control the system in the space orthogonal to the projection. We also demonstrate the construction of feedback controllers using dynamic programming.


The color-related parameters were analyzed in 30 young red wines originating from two Extremadura (Spain) zones. These zones are called «Tierra de Barros» and «Matanegra». The parameters calculated are intensity, tonality, percentage of intensity at 420, 520 y 620 nm and the parameter dA (%) proposed by Gloryes. We have calculated the chromatic coordinates CIE-LAB: L*, a*, b* and the pshycometric variabbles chroma and hue. The parameters DAT, DAL DTAT are also calculated. Those gave the contributions of free anthocyanins and the tannins-anthocyanins complex to absorbance at 520 nm. The results for both zones were expressed by the BOX-PLOT. The results obtained were subjected to a discriminant analysis. L*, a* and DAL were the more discriminatives variables. According to this analysis, the 83 % of the observations of Tierra de Barros and the 83 for those of Matanegra are well classified.


ly the problem that holes present for most water projects in Central Asia. The solution, however, was not to declare the holes an illegal infringement on the integrity of the project but rather involved, in the first place, reflecting on this failure and asking


Large span soil-steel culverts are rarely used in Finland as vehicular underpasses. The large span and low soil cover height together with high traffic loads place high demands on the construction of culvert backfills. Traffic-induced stress changes and the fatigue resistance of the plates play a major role in the endurance of a culvert. According to design calculations, the most critical section of the culvert is the crown. For this reason, the focus of this project is on the assessment of the structural behaviour and performance of the crown area under the influence of traffic load. The structural performance of the culvert was verified by monitoring stress changes and deformations under live railway traffic, which proved the suitability of the multi-plated culvert built under a railway.


In this paper we deal with the Euler equations for Isothermal gas. In analyzing the equations we obtain two real and distinct eigenvalues which enables us to determine the wave structure of the possible solutions to the Riemann problem set up. By considering the Rankine-Hugoniot condition we obtain the shock wave solution analytically. The rarefaction wave solution is determined analytically by considering the fact that rarefaction wave lies along integral curves. To obtain the numerical solution to the Riemann p roblem that we set up, we use a relaxation scheme to d iscretize the Euler equations for isothermal gas. Finally we present the simulation results of the numerical solutions, that is, the approximate shock and rarefaction wave solutions are shown, graphically, and explained. Consider the Eu ler equations for isothermal gas. The system consists of Euler equations and is strictly hyperbolic with t wo real and distinct eigenvalues, whereby one is greater than the other. Depending on the init ial data the eigenvalues may represent shock and rarefaction waves. The resolution of the discontinuities of a self-similar solution of the compressible Euler equation is sharper than the corresponding initial value solution, Ravi(4). A shock tube problem is the study of the propagation of shock waves in a one dimensional tube. The energy of a shock wave dissipates relatively quickly within d istance. Moving shocks are usually generated by the interaction of two bodies of gas at different pressure, with a shock wave propagating into the lower pressure gas and an expansion wave propagating into the higher pressure gas. The numerical co mputation of the shock tube problem by means on F wave digital principle showed that the MD Kichoffs network can successfully be extended by taking viscosity into account to represent the Navier Stokes equation Mengel(2). A Riemann problem consists of equations together with the discontinuous initial data. The nu merical dissipation of eight different schemes and five delimiters to nu merical


The article considers the importance of studying the mathematical model and equivalent circuit of the transformer due to the fact that transformers are the most important link in any electric power system, including control and operation systems for marine fishing and transport vessels and stationary marine technological complexes. The generally accepted theory of transformers is analyzed, and erroneous conclusions and statements complicating, and in some cases distorting the essence and interconnection of electromagnetic interactions in the device, are pointed out. In particular, the introduction of voltage into the Kirchhoff equation for the secondary winding Ů2, along with the presence of EMF in it Ė2, creates the illusion that the secondary winding of the transformer has its own independent power source. This illusion is enhanced by the physical and logical scheme, clearly indicating that Ů2, being in the load zone, it generates a current İ2. In fact, the declarative statement that the magnetic fluxes of the primary and secondary windings are connected in coordination is also erroneous. This leads to a number of erroneous conclusions. The exclusion from the mathematical model of magnetic fluxes induced by winding currents isolated from each other does not allow one to analyze the influence of electromagnetic processes in the secondary winding on the processes in the primary. These and a number of other provisions and conclusions in the generally accepted theory necessitate its critical analysis and exclusion. There are proposed different from the generally accepted approaches to the formation of a mathematical model and equivalent circuit of transformers, which lead to their significant composition and content.


Using the data from NCAR/NCEP Reanalysis we investigate long-term variations of thermobaric fields for the second half of the 20th century. Middle and high latitudes are characterized by 10-20-year variations of meteorological characteristics. A most interesting feature of the global variations is the increase (starting in the 1960s) in pressure and surface air temperature in the tropics and subtropics of the northern and southern hemispheres (predominantly in the eastern hemisphere). In the circum-Antarctic depression the decrease in pressure is as significant. Conceivably the other atmospheric circulation variations might all be accounted for by these changes as well as by a gradual enhancement of the influence of the southern processes. The long-term variations in the tropics seem to be caused by the increased recurrence of El Nino events. The physical transport mechanism for disturbances to the region of Central Asia might be represented by the propagation of mixed Rossby-gravity waves; however, results of correlation analysis suggest much higher propagation velocities of disturbances.


We prove the existence of a homoclinic orbit for Lagrangian system (LS) where the Lagrallgian . A similar argument to Rabinowitz[5] is used, where aij (x) is an identity matrix. Now the differential equation is quasilinear and more estimates are needed to get the uniform bound for the second derivative of periodic sequence {xk(t)} with period 2kT.


The invention relates to a method for producing a box beam/column with a steel structure, comprising the following steps: (1) numerically controlling web plates, blanking based on the size of a partition plate and processing to form a bevel outlet; (2) assembling spot welding lining plates on the backs of the web plates and the partition plate; (3) assembling cover plates and two of the web platesto form a U-shape groove on a box assembling machine; (4) placing the partition plate in the formed U-shaped groove and welding three sides of the partition plate; and (5) assembling the cover platesand welding attachment welds between every two cover plates. The method solves the problem that the box beam/column cannot produce when no special electroslag welding equipment is provided, what is more important, the method solves the problem that welding is difficult by adopting the electroslag welding when the thickness of a wall panel of the beam/column is below 18 mm during multi-layer buildings are built. By adopting the method, the processing process is simplified, the component quality and the manufacture efficiency are greatly improved, favorable economic and societal values are achieved, and polarization and application are easy.


Flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in narrow channels have been investigated extensively by researchers due to its wide range of applications in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), however, being a complex transport process the controlling mechanisms still lack clarity in understanding. Refrigerants related environmental hazards also urged to look for alternative environment friendly refrigerants. It has been noticed that relatively less information is available in the literature specifically for environmentally benign mediums. This study is focused on experimental findings for flow boiling heat transfer performance of low GWP refrigerants (R152a, R600a, and R1234yf). The test object was a vertical stainless steel tube (1.60 mm inner diameter and heated surface length 245 mm), experiments were done under upward fluid flow conditions. The tested conditions were: heat flux 5-245 kWm, 50-500 kgms mass velocities while saturation temperatures were 27 and 32 °C. The effects of operating parameters like heat and mass fluxes, saturation temperature, and vapor quality on heat transfer were analyzed in detail. It was noticed that heat transfer coefficients were significantly influenced by heat flux and operating pressure level whereas the same were not significantly affected by mass flux and vapor quality. The experimental data of heat transfer was compared with the prediction from various macro and micro scale correlations from the literature, reasonably good predictions were noticed with the correlation proposed by Mahmoud and Karayiannis [1].


This article reports an exploratory user study in which a group of civil servants with experience of, or involvement in, intelligence analysis used the tool INVISQUE to address a problem using the 2011 VAST data set. INVISQUE uses a visual metaphor that combines searching, clustering, and sorting of document surrogates with free-form manipulation on an infinite canvas. The study looks into exposing the behaviors and related cognitive strategies that users would employ to better understand how this and similar environments might better support intelligence type work. The results include the observation that the search and spatial features of the system supported participants in establishing, elaborating, and systematically evaluating explanatory narratives that accounted for the data. Also, visual persistence at the interface allowed them to keep track of searches and to re-find documents when their importance became apparent. The article concludes with reflections on our findings and propose a set of guidelines for developing systems that support sensemaking.


A detailed, 2-D thermal-hydraulic model for conical and flat evaporators and the liquid sodium return artery in PX-type AMTEC cells was developed, which predicts incipient dryout at the evaporator wick surface. Results obtained at fixed hot and cold side temperatures showed that the flat evaporator provided a slightly lower vapor pressure, but reached the capillary limit at higher temperature. The loss of performance due to partial recondensation over up to 20% of the wick surface of the deep conical evaporators was offset by the larger surface area available for evaporation, providing a slightly higher vapor pressure. Model results matched the PX-3A cell's experimental data of electrical power output, but the predicted temperature of the cell's conical evaporator was consistently ∼50 K above measurements. A preliminary analysis indicated that sodium vapor leakage in the cell (through microcracks in the BASE tubes' walls or brazes) may explain the difference between predicted and measured evaporator tempe...


An object of the invention is to provide a collagen crosslinking agent superior in biocompatibility that is free from the damage by UV irradiation and also from the problems of toxicity caused by residual monomer or unreacted functional groups. [Means to Solve] Provided is a noncovalent collagen crosslinking agent (for fibrous protein collagen), comprising a spacer of a polyvalent alcohol having two or more OH groups at the terminals and arms of collagen peptides formed of repetitions of three amino acids, the arms being bound via the OH groups to the spacer.


Fiscal policy is one of the three pillars of what Dr. Ottmar Issing (2002) has called the Maastricht Assignment. For the Eurozone as a whole, the Central Bank is responsible for area-wide price stability. The twelve national fiscal authorities are responsible for fiscal policy - country by country - subject to the provisions of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP). The third pillar involves supply-side issues and wage/price developments and is the responsibility of "national governments and the social partners". Issing has argued that this assignment provides a clear division of roles and responsibilities - and that no further macroeconomic coordination is necessary or desirable. In this article, Christopher Allsopp assesses the framework for fiscal policy in the Eurozone, arguing for a system that is more decentralised; ensures "sustainability" as a primary objective; and, subject to that, allows for activist stabilisation policy against country-specific shocks.


At Seelze, the German Federal Railway's most modern marshalling yard, a computer has for the past two years been in control of operations. Bundesbahndirektor Otto Schenk describes the way in which this has improved output and quality of operation and eliminated time-consuming tasks.


ABSTRACTFactor X deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that involves the coagulation cascade. People with this disorder present with a myriad of early life bleeding complications. We report here a 23-year-old male, who presented with bleeding complications (prolonged bleeding from surgical wounds, unresolving hematomas, uncontrolled nasal bleeding, hematuria and hematochezia) at different stages of his life but was diagnosed very late for factor X deficiency after comprehensive evaluation for clotting factors. He was managed by repeated transfusions of fresh frozen plasma and detailed counselling. Factor X deficiency is a rare life-threatening disease and must be differentiated from other disorders of coagulation. The patients are advised to avoid activities with high levels of physical contact, unnecessary invasive interventions and drugs that remarkably affect liver functions and seek immediate medical care in case of bleeding from any site.KEYWORDSHemorrhage (MeSH); Bleeding disorder (Non-MeSH); Factor X Deficiency (MeSH); Inherited (Non-MeSH); Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited (MeSH); Blood Coagulation Disorders (MeSH).


Minimum quench energy (MQE) of superconducting wires, Cu/SC ratio 1 and 2 having a fixed SC area, was measured using a small ceramic resistive heater (1mm×1.5mm×0.5mm), which was cut from commercially-available large ceramic resistor tubes. The heater was soldered on the superconducting wire, thus minimizing thermal resistance inbetween. Current pulses generated by an FET switch, a pulse generator and a DC power supply were applied to the resistor via coaxial cable, thereby maintaining the transmitted pulse wavefrom. The transient thermal response of the locally heated superconductor was also measured using a thermocouple. The MQE of the Cu/SC ratio 2 wire was approximately twice as large as that of the Cu/SC ratio 1 wire, at a constant background magnetic field and a constant ratio of the operating current to its critical current.


Objective To investigate the immunogenicity of recombinant eukaryotic plasmid containing complement fragment of Hantavirus M segment and G_1,G_2 gene in mice.Methods The recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-M,pcDNA3.1-G_1 and pcDNA3.1-G_2 were extracted by molecular cloning technique.BALB/c mice were vaccinated at every 4 weeks for 3 times by the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-M,pcDNA3.1-G_1 and pcDNA3.1-G_2.The immunoflourescence were used to detect the antibody titers of immunized mice sera after last vaccine.Results Immunoflourescence results showed that after vaccinated there were 4 mice showed specific antibody against hantavirus in pcDNA3.1-G_1 group,while there was 1 mouse showed positive response in either pcDNA3.1G_2 or pcDNA3.1-M group.Conclusion The animals vaccinbated with recombinant eukaryotic plasmid containing complement fragment of Hantavirus Envelope Protein would show a specific response.


Although more than 40 years have passed since the advent of plate tectonics and some essential problems remain unresolved, such as the generation of plate tectonics from mantle convection, the recent progress in theoretical studies has revealed several important factors to generate plate tectonics, in particular importance of the rheological properties of lithosphere and astheno-sphere (e.g., Solomatov and Moresi, 1996; Tackley, 2000; Bercovici, 2003). While numerical simulations quantitatively estimate the rheological properties necessary for generating plate tectonics (e.g., Solomatov and Moresi, 1997; Tackley, 2000; Richards et al., 2001), it is difficult to verify the result from the observational data. In this study, by analyzing the spin motion of the plates comprehensively, we have successfully obtained the relationship between yielding stress of lithosphere and viscosity of asthenosphere, in which dynamic equilibrium of spin motion and the plate size are key as will be explained below. First, we divide observed plate motions into two components: spin motions and straight motions. For plates without a slab, spin motion of a plate is a result of dynamic equilibrium between the driving force from neighboring plates via the plate boundary associated with shear stress and the resistive force of mantle drag via the bottom area associated with flow and viscosity of asthenosphere. Consequently, we have found that the small plates, or microplates, rotate relatively fast and the large major plates rotate much slower, indicating that there is a critical size between the small plates and the large ones at which plate boundary cannot transmit the motions from one plate to another because shear stress increases with the plate size and accordingly exceeds the yielding stress along the plate boundary. Our analysis suggests a critical diameter (scale or size) of 1000 km, above which spin motion suddenly drops. For the equation of equilibrium in motion of a 1000 km in diameter, using the yielding stress obtained by a numerical simulation, about 10 ˜ 200 MPa (Tackley, 2000), we obtain a reasonable range of viscosity of asthenosphere, approx-imately 1 x 10ˆ19 ˜ 1 x 10ˆ21 Pa s, which means that the observational constraint is consistent with the results from numerical simulations for generation of plate tectonics. Note that the yielding stress given by numerical simulations represents the critical stress to deform an intact part of lithosphere instantaneously, rather than a part of the former plate boundary; therefore, we should use the lower value of yielding stress for our theory, which leads to the soft asthenosphere, e.g., 1 x 10ˆ19 ˜ 1 x 10ˆ20 Pa s, and implies a mechanism to soften mantle just below the plates, such as melting, as suggested by some authors (e.g., Kawakatsu et al., 2009). For future works, in order to clarify the nonlinear mechanism to soften lithospheric boundaries, including the effect of grain size and water, a comparative study to investigate the difference between the boundary along a small plate, where plate motion transmits linearly, and that along a large plate, where softening occurs, will be useful to understand the origin of plate tectonics.


This invention relates to detergent composition comprising as a "builder" a graft polysaccharide at least partially biodegradable comprised of a medium molecular weight of polydextrose less than 10,000 grafted with a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer.


Background : Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrinology diseases in children. Given the importance of evaluating the normal growth and development and identifying growth and development abnormalities, this study aimed to evaluate the developmental skills of patients with congenital hypothyroidism and healthy children. Materials and Methods: This controlled cross-sectional study recruited 30 children with congenital hypothyroidism and 30 healthy children aged three to five years who presented to endocrine clinic of 17 Shahrivar Hospital in Rasht. Ages and Stages Questionnaire, with 5 developmental domains of communication, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, problem solving, and personal-social skills was completed. Results: Comparison of the two groups revealed no significant difference between the groups in the domains of gross motor, problem solving, and personal-social skills (P>0.05), while there was a significant difference between them in the domains of communication and fine motor skills (P<0.05). Although lower mean scores of all skills were noted in patients with congenital hypothyroidism, the scores were acceptable. Conclusion : Based on the results, it appears that addressing congenital hypothyroidism and its complications can affect children's health.


It is intended, from questioning the constitutional mutation of art. 52, X, of the Federal Constitution, to verify the legitimacy of the votes of the judges Gilmar Mendes and Eros Grau, Ministers of the Supreme Court. Based on the discursive theory of Law, we seek to demonstrate some harmful consequences of this attempt to introduce a new model of judicial review, which increases the powers of the Court that would apply the theory. Along the way, the premises of a democratic legal state paradigm were set, which includes the study of legitimacy of Law from the relationship between popular sovereignty and fundamental rights. We were able to reach the following conclusion: the constitutional mutation of the judicial review violates the legal autonomy of citizens, the Supreme Court is identified as the sole owner of the constitutional subject and the citizens were transformed into clients of the authoritarian thinking of a few judges.


Genetic parameters for five seed traits (length, width, thickness, weight, and volume) and percentage germination were studied in twenty seed sources of Pinus wallichiana , mostly from the states of Uttaranchal and Himachal Pradesh in two successive years 2002 and 2003. Values for variability and expected genetic gain were calculated for all individual characters. Seed weight and volume exhibited high genetic variability, heritability and genetic gain. Almost all the seed characteristics were found to be highly heritable at 5% level of significance. Heritability values were maximum for seed weight and minimum for seed length. Hence, heavy and large seeds have to be chosen for the good results. A correlation study showed that seed length, width, thickness, weight and volume were positively correlated with each other. Seed thickness had the highest direct effect on seed width. Germination characteristics were also found positively correlated with each other.


The basis for the statutory regulation of political parties is the consolidation of relevant norms in the federal laws "On Political Parties", "On Public Associations", "On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the right to participate in a referendum of citizens of the Russian Federation", "On Elections of Deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation", "On Elections of the President of the Russian Federation". Political parties have their own organizational and legal basis, have their own charter, program, leaders, their own goals and objectives, and perform certain functions. One of the goals of any political party is to participate in the political life of society, in solving its issues. One of the tasks of the party is to participate in public administration by representing the population's interests during elections at various levels. The normative legal acts regulating the activities of political parties are updated and amended in accordance with the realities of the life of society. Amendments to the federal legislation on elections and on political parties have been adopted, and a number of conditions governing the establishment and functioning of political parties and their regional branches in the regional dimension have changed dramatically. The amendments to the federal law "On Political Parties" have changed the conditions for the establishment and operation of political parties, in particular, the minimum number of a political party's members when it is created has been reduced to 500 members; the approaches to voting have been changed. These changes correspond to the state of the modern political process and are aimed at the development of political institutions, including political parties


The phenomenon of lopsided mold-filling always occurs in the pouring system with the mold. It also induced the different quality of products.This paper used the universal H-type channel as the datum sample,the optimized H-type channel with higher height as the contradistinctive sample,and the lopsided coefficient as the important research index.The effect of injection filling rate,materials and channel structure on the lopsided mold-filling was also investigated.The research showed that shear heat was the cause of the lopsided mold-filling,and it had direct and important relationship with the filling rate,materials and channel structure.It had an important role on the quality of the products by adjust the appropriate process parameters to find a better balance filling point.


Sidowayah community rose is a community that cares about people with special needs who were founded in 2009, social empowerment is an effort to motivate and encourage people to be able to explore their potential and act to improve their quality of life.
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the community in dealing with people with special needs in the village of Sidoarjo, Jambon District, Ponorogo Regency. This study uses qualitative methods with participant observational data collection techniques (participatory observation) and in depth interviews (in-depth interviews). This data collection is one of the simplest data collection in conducting observations and the most powerful of all data collection because researchers directly interact with the data source. Data collection techniques by observation, interview and documentation.
The results of the research, the Sidowayah Bangkit community has 3 (three) empowerment efforts which are realized through 3 programs, namely (1) socialization to develop livestock empowerment process which the Sidowayah community rises in breeding livestock both cows and goats, (2) training in managing community livestock dung heightens the empowerment This can be done to people with special needs and (3) social assistance is an achievement to improve life so that what is needed can be implemented and to improve the quality of life.


In order to push forward the study of Shanxi region,it is the most urgent task to integrate relevant works of researchers and clarify the structure of this discipline at the moment.The author of this paper emphasizes that Jin Xue should means a sort of giant body of academic research.According to different status and features of administrative division,the body of Jin Xue could be divided into three main component parts as follows:(1)the study on Sanjin culture during the pre-Qin periods;(2)the study on Bingzhou region from Qin to Yuan Dynasty;(3)the study on Shanxi society since Ming Dynasty.There are different research focuses within these different components.For example,the main task of Sanjin culture study is to investigate the relation between the primitive civilization and geographical environment in Sanjin region.


While the business press is awash with claims that investing in information technology (IT) is the key to delivering superior economic performance, unfortunately, it appears that reaping the benefits of IT investments is fraught with difficulty. Indeed, the introduction of IT into work organisations is generally marred with persistent reports of underperformance and failure. This chapter critiques the nature of this dilemma and, in particular, explores the role of diverse occupational groups in its perpetuation over time. Executive management tend to view 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.irm-press.com IRM PRESS This chapter appears in the book, Issues of Human Computer Interaction edited by Anabela Sarmento. Copyright © 2005, IRM Press, an imprint of Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.


Lately it has become possible to sufficiently precise definition of the physical and geometric characteristics of asteroid systems using radar observations (http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/~lance/binary.neas.html), which allowed calculating the asymmetry of the massive component of double and multiple asteroids for studying the dynamics of motion of their satellites.


againstE. coli.The MIC is the most commonly used measurement toquantitate the antimicrobial effect of antibiotics. However,this endpoint provides little information onthe time-depen-dentchangesofabacterialpopulationduringincubationwiththe antibiotic. Time-kill studies, which rely solely on thepour plate and colony-counting assay, remain the only


Introduction and objective. Increased migration within Europe is leading to rapid population changes in every country. Nurses increasingly care for patients with whom they do not share a common culture or language. The aim of this study is to ascertain nurses' perceptions of difficulties in providing culturally appropriate care. Materials and method. Survey questions derived from the literature were translated from Slovak into 5 languages, then distributed to nurses in 25 European States. The survey sample consisted of 1,264 respondents from 25 European countries. Statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS version 18. Results. Over 60% of nurses regularly cared for patients from different cultures. 70.6% of nurses declared challenges during nursing care for patients from different culture. The main challenges were language, religion, and lack of cultural knowledge. Statistical significance was demonstrated in terms of the preparedness of nurses to provide culturally appropriate care. Multilingual nurses were statistically significantly better prepared for nursing care of patients from other cultures. Conclusions. Despite existing standards and guidelines, nurses working in European countries who regularly care for migrant populations do not perceive themselves to be adequately prepared to deliver culturally appropriate care. A multifaceted approach that includes policymakers, educators, and clinicians is needed. This study highlights the challenges experienced by nurses in Europe which can be informative for educational programmes for nurses and other healthcare professionals.


In this paper, the nonlinear magnetized black holes of massive gravity's rainbow is investigated. In order to achieve this, the double‐logarithmic electromagnetic field is used as a matter source and the new anti‐de Sitter black hole solution is derived. The effects of the massive graviton, rainbow functions, and nonlinearity of the electromagnetic field on the black hole's inner and outer horizons are also studied. The black hole's thermodynamic properties are studied, and the mathematical expressions for temperature, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy are found. The extended first law and Smarr's formula are derived as well. Using the behavior of thermodynamic quantities as a starting point, the local and global thermodynamic stabilities are also studied.


In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the photovoltaic (PV) model, this paper explores a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, i.e., the nutcracker optimizer algorithm (NOA), for the parameter extraction of a PV model, such as a single diode model (SDM), double diode model (DDM), and triple diode model (TDM) of PV components. The Aleo Solar S79Y300 monocrystalline silicon solar panel was tested at 1000 W/m2 solar irradiance and 25 °C temperature, and the results of the proposed NOA algorithm were compared with three popular algorithms, i.e., particle swarm optimization (PSO), firework algorithm (FWA), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA), in terms of algorithm accuracy and running time, and non-parametric tests were performed. The results show that the NOA can improve the efficiency of PV parameter extraction, and its performance is the best among the tested algorithms. It has the best root mean square error (RMSE) values in the SDM, being 7.92587 × 10−5 and 6.02460 × 10−5 in the DDM and 6.23617 × 10−5 in the TDM, and the shortest average execution time according to the overall ranking, making it well suited for extracting PV model parameters.


This paper first defines the concept of the power big data and intelligent marketing, and then describes the status of power marketing in developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Britain, and then analyzes the pressure the traditional marketing mode of traditional power of China is facing at current stage, and based on this, proposes constructing new intelligent marketing mode of power under the background of big data. Which means taking big data platform as data support, it forms continuous closed loop mode by "power marketing data collection----data analysis----mode construction----intelligent evaluation", and finally gives specific strategies for implementation of intelligent marketing mode of power.


The rise of "illiberal democracy" in Europe is one of the most baneful trends of our time. These regimes are typically centred on a leader who concentrates power by overriding – and in some cases eliminating – institutional checks and balances. Russia's Vladimir Putin, Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Hungary's Viktor Orban represent three of the most visible manifestations of this phenomenon. But what is really noteworthy – and dangerous – is how these regimes have been able to retain popular support.


Based on locness corpus, this paper uses Wordsmith 6.0, SPSS 24, and other software to explore the use of temporal connectives in Japanese writing by Chinese Japanese learners. This paper proposes a method of tense classification based on the Japanese dependency structure. This method analyzes the results of the syntactic analysis of Japanese dependence and combines the tense characteristics of the target language to extract tense-related information and construct a maximum entropy tense classification model. The model can effectively identify the tense, and its classification accuracy shows the effectiveness of the classification method. This paper proposes a temporal feature extraction algorithm oriented to the hierarchical phrase expression model. The end-to-end speech recognition system has become the development trend of large-scale continuous speech recognition because of its simplicity and efficiency. In this paper, the end-to-end technology based on link timing classification is applied to Japanese speech recognition. Taking into account the characteristics of Japanese hiragana, katakana, and Japanese kanji writing forms, through experiments on the Japanese data set, different suggestions are explored. The final effect is better than mainstream speech recognition systems based on hidden Markov models and two-way long and short-term memory networks. This algorithm can extract the temporal characteristics of rules that meet certain conditions while extracting expression rules. These tense characteristics can guide the selection of rules in the expression process, make the expression results more in line with linguistic knowledge, and ensure the choice of relevant vocabulary and the structural ordering of the language. Through the analysis of time series and static information, we combine the time and space dimensions of the network structure. Using connectionist temporal classification (CTC) technology, an end-to-end speech recognition method for pronunciation error detection and diagnosis tasks is established. This method does not require phonemic information nor does it require forced alignment. The extended initials and finals are the error primitives, and 64 types of errors are designed. The experimental results show that the method can effectively detect the wrong pronunciation, the detection accuracy rate is 87.07%, the false rejection rate is 7.83%, and the error rate is 87.07%. The acceptance rate is 25.97%. This method uses network information more comprehensively than traditional methods, and the model is more effective. After detailed experiments, this article evaluates the prediction effect of this method and previous methods on the data set. This method improves the prediction accuracy by about 15% and achieves the expected goal of the work in this paper.


Based on the analysis of various kinds of reactor's electrical accident.The principle and function of 500 kV collateral reactor protection arrangement are introduced.The type selection of protection device is also analyzed.At last,the arrangement situation of protection device is given and the conclusion is accepted that the microcomputer protection is superior to the others.


The worldwide epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a serious threat to public health The ongoing outbreak of emerging infectious disease has become the focus of global attention Benefited from the progress of molecular technology in recent years, the causative agent can be rapidly identified at the early stage With the release of the full genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, viral origin, biological characteristics and pathogenicity have been revealed preliminarily Many investigations provide references for developing antiviral drugs and vaccines Being the main diagnostic methods for detection of SARS-CoV-2, real-time RT-PCR and gene sequencing play major roles in confirming suspected cases In this review, we summarize current application of nucleic acid detection in SARS-CoV-2


The method is proposed for depositing composite electrochemical coatings based on copper and nickel modified with zirconium oxide. Coatings were obtained from electrolyte suspensions based on sulfate electrolytes of copper plating and nickel plating with the addition of zirconium oxide powder as a dispersed phase. Methods for determining the strength indices are proposed. The microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the obtained Cu-ZrO 2 and Ni-ZrO 2 composites, such as microhardness and relaxation stability, are determined depending on the conditions of electrodeposition. An increase in the physical and mechanical properties of materials is shown with an increase in the content of copper plating and nickel plating of zirconium oxide in electrolytes in comparison with monometallic analogs, and the influence of matrix material on microhardness and relaxation stability was revealed. The character of the dependences of the physical and mechanical properties on the content of the dispersed phase in electrolytes is established. The influence of the nature of the dispersed phase on the graininess of the coatings was studied, the size of the secondary phase particles in the composites was determined, and the influence of the particle concentration on the size of the conglomerates was determined.


It has becom e common knowledge that alcohol (ETO H )is involved in the majority o f traffic fatalities and that casualties in terms of death o f human lives and material losses have phenoneutral levels. The major approaches to combating the drunk driving problem has been to establish a series o f per se laws and the use of the field sobriety test to determine impairment to safely operate a motor vehicle. R eaction time, tracking, concentrated attention, divided attention information processing, visual functions, perception, psychomotor skills and simulated driving (SE D I) have been used, attempting to measure impairment. M ost of these tests are sensitive enough to show impairment at 0.08 to 0.15 BA L levels1. A lso, simple tests such as following a vehicle live or tracking a video game target responds at similar moderate to light levels, the ability to perform divided attention tasks developed at lower dose levels. W hen testing divided attention tasks, the relationship betw een amount of breadth ETO H and blood ETO H (BAL) was linear and dose dependent. This relationship was not age, sex or previous drinking experience dependent. The purpose of this study was to determ ine2 dose response curve to determine at what BA L divided attention starts to deteriorate, and (2) determine the variations of divided attention such as reaction time, accuracy scores, false positive scores, visual pursuit, tunnel vision and decision making, and how the variables are influenced by rising of BAL.


Phthalic anhydride switch condenser was imported, failure occurred many times after put in use. There are ellipsoidal winged tubes in them and the holes on tube sheet are ellipsoidal too, which is very difficult to manufacture. Established mathematics model, analyzed the mathematic relation, compiled NC program, realized the numerical controlled process of ellipsoidal hole on MITSUBISHI MCV-1700 machining center, and realized domestic manufacture of phthalic anhydride switch condenser. Analyzed the error of process and selected proper cutter too. Machining center was imported in 1990's, which CPU is only on 80386 levels, when the NC program is complex, the velocity of calculate will lower than the feed of end mill. The program is compiled with EIA code, which is difficult for most of engineers, took a common PC as program editor to compile program with Quick BASIC, then more technicians can compile program. This improved the procession of process and enlarged the range of machining center.


For over a century, psychologists have been conducting experimental studies, largely with nonhuman animals, in order to establish general principles of learning and behavior. In everyday usage, the term "learning" refers to the acquisition of new information or new skills. But psychologists often have a wider interpretation, taking learning to refer to almost any fairly permanent change in an animal's behavior, or potential for behavior, that results from experience. Learning is the process whereby an animal interacts with its environment and becomes changed by the experience so that its further behavior is modified. "Learning theory" refers to the attempt to devise an account of the mechanisms responsible for this process of individual adaptation. The data it deals with are largely, but not exclusively, derived from experimental studies of the behavior of nonhuman animals, tested in controlled conditions. The last century, starting with the pioneering work of Pavlov (on classical conditioning) and of Thorndike (on instrumental learning), saw the development of a range of rival learning theories that are still of present-day concern. The dominant theoretical perspective may be termed associative (or alternatively, connectionist); it explains learning in terms of the formation of hypothetical links (presumed to be in the central nervous system) between entities representing external events or responsible for the emission of behavior. This central notion has been extended by theorists who emphasize the role of motivational factors that activate such links, or who postulate a wider range of psychological processes (conveniently labeled cognitive: e.g., attention, rehearsal), with association formation given a lesser role. Finally, some have rejected not just the notion of association but all postulation of central psychological processes. This atheoretical "theory," referred to as radical behaviorism or the experimental analysis of behavior, is primarily associated with the name of Skinner and focuses on instrumental learning (also called operant conditioning). Although learning theories have been derived principally from work on laboratory animals, they are intended to be applicable more generally. Their findings and concepts are relevant to understanding the psychology of domestic and wild animals in their natural habitats and thus contribute to the growing field of research known as animal cognition. They also apply to the behavior of our own species. Experimental studies of human subjects, based on paradigms developed with animals, can thus be used to test and develop our theories. More important, the methods and findings of learning theory have direct application to issues of human concern. Proponents of the experimental analysis of behavior have promoted the use of training procedures involving positive reinforcement for addressing a number of behavior disorders and as the basis for education more generally. Theoretical concepts developed in the associative tradition have been used to illuminate the source of (and possible treatments for) clinical problems such as anxiety disorders and drug addiction.


I describe here a technique of recognizing in linear time trees over a free algebra given by constructors. The technique is arithmetical rather than automata theoretic, in that it depends on the arities of the constructors rather than on their names. 1 Algebras, terms, and the recognition problem A finitary (free) algebra is given by a ranked alphabet or a signature, that is, a finite collection of symbols Ci, i = 1, . . . , k, each of them paired with a non-negative integer ri, their arity or rank. With the prospect of denotational semantics as in [6], one thinks of the ranked symbols as constructors and requires that one of these is the special partiality constructor ∗ of arity 0, and that at least one of the rest is also nullary; the first requirement is not essential in general, while the second one is crucial, since otherwise empty algebras sneak in the picture. Let K denote a fixed signature; write ar (C) to denote the arity of its constructor C. A string or word over K is just a string over the (unranked) alphabet that underlies K, that is, a string that may neglect arities. Strings may be defined inductively in the following manner: ε is a string, the so-called empty string; if a is already a string, then Ca is a string, where C is a given symbol in K. For example, consider the signature K given by the pairs (∗, 0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (S, 1), and (B, 2). The following are strings: ε, 1, 0S, S10, SB∗1—by convention we write a instead of aε when a is nonempty. A term or token over K is a string of the form Ca1 · · · ar, where C is in K with arity r, and a1, . . . , ar are already terms, if any are needed—note that the definition is again inductive. The second and the last of the previous strings are also terms, the others not. Write S(K) for the collection of strings over K and T(K) for the collection of terms over K. The recognition problem of K is this: given an arbitrary a ∈ S(K), decide if a ∈ T(K) or not. It is clear that the recognition problem in this setting is decidable, but the question is how to solve it in an efficient way. To illustrate the issue, consider the following string over our toy signature: a = BBBBBBBBBB ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ S0SB1 ∗ . We want to recognize a. Based on a direct interpretation of the definition of terms, we would reason more or less as follows: The string a starts with a B, whose arity is 2; so it will be a term if we make sure that its tail (the substring


One of the key features for a battery management system is to maximize battery performance while extending lifespan. To achieve this, a computationally simple yet accurate degradation model is necessary to be established. This paper derives a novel control-oriented reduced-order aging model of solid-electrolyte interphase growth. The aging model is formulated through solving for the transfer-function relationship between the degradation characteristic parameters and input current, which could be utilized in a real-time hardware-in-the-loop framework. The simulation results elucidate that the reduced-order transfer-function aging model approximates a highly nonlinear partial-differential-equation model with satisfactory error range.


Any given information need can be expressed via a wide range of possible queries. Recent work with such query variations has demonstrated that different queries can fetch notably divergent sets of documents, even when the queries have identical intents and superficial similarity. That is, different users might receive SERPs of quite different effectiveness for the same information need. That observation then raises an interesting question: do users have a sense of how useful any given query will be? Can they anticipate the effectiveness of alternative queries for the same retrieval need? To explore that question we designed and carried out a crowd-sourced user study in which we asked subjects to consider an information need statement expressed as a backstory, and then provide their opinions as to the relative usefulness of a set of queries ostensibly addressing that objective. We solicited opinions using two different interfaces: one that collected absolute ratings of queries, and one that required that the subjects place a set of queries into "order". We found that crowd workers are reasonably consistent in their estimates of how effective queries are likely to be, and also that their estimates correlate positively with actual system performance.


A flexible, fiberoptic device, fitted with an inflatable distal balloon, has been used to directly visualize the great veins, right cardiac chambers, pulmonary arteries, and experimental emboli in vivo in the dog. Insertion and manipulation of the device have been well-tolerated. The angioscope has significant potential for investigative and clinical application.


1. This study evaluated the contribution of carotid and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors to reflex splanchnic and forearm vascular adjustments during venous pooling in man. We compared (a) responses to lower body suction which produces venous pooling with (b) responses to lower body suction plus simultaneous application of neck suction. The rationale was that simultaneous application of neck suction, which stretches carotid baroreceptors, would minimize the contribution of carotid baroreceptors to circulatory adjustments produced by lower body suction.


Bile pigments are not merely waste products of the degradation of hemoglobin, but have specific functions in plants and lower animals, in which they occur in the form of chromoproteins (biliproteins). Chromic acid degradation under controlled conditions is particularly suitable for structural investigations. In the case of the phycobilins (bile pigments of red and blue algae), not only have the structures been established, but the linkages with the proteins have also been located.


Searches for additional sources of CP violation at the Large Hadron Collider are a central part of the Higgs physics programme beyond the Standard Model. Studies employing so-called signed observables that track CP violation through purpose-built asymmetries bolster efforts based on Higgs boson rate analyses under clear assumptions. A possibility, which is so far unexplored at the LHC, is a significant non-linear realisation of CP-violation, which is naturally described in non-linear Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT). We perform an analysis of the HL-LHC potential to constrain such interactions considering a large range of single and double Higgs production processes, including differential information where this is statistically and theoretically possible. A particular emphasis of our work is distinguishing expected correlations in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory from those attainable in HEFT.


Introduction: Pseudowintera colorata (Raoul) Dandy is an evergreen shrub which is endemic to New Zealand. Decoctions, infusions and essential oils produced from the leaves were used traditionally to treat a variety of bacterial diseases. Despite this, P. colorata leaf extracts have not been rigorously examined for inhibitory activity against bacterial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Methods: A P. colorata hydro-alcohol leaf extract was analysed for antioxidant capacity by the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Growth inhibitory activities against bacterial species associated with initiating rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis and rheumatic fever were determined by disc diffusion assay and quantified by MIC determination. Toxicity was determined by Artemia franciscana bioassay. Results: The P. colorata hydro-alcohol leaf extract displayed good DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an antioxidant capacity of 52 μg/ mL ascorbic acid equivalency. The extract inhibited the growth of all of the bacterial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases tested. It was a particularly potent inhibitor of A. baylyi, with MIC values as low as 427 μg/ mL against the clinical strain. P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris were also highly susceptible to the P. colorata hydro-alcohol leaf extract, with MIC values of approximately 800-900 μg/mL against all strains. The extract was also a moderate growth inhibitor (MIC >1000 μg/mL) of all other bacterial strains tested. The extract was determined to be nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay with 24 h LC50 values substantially >1000 μg/mL, indicating its safety for therapeutic use. Conclusion: The lack of toxicity of the P. colorata leaf extracts and their growth inhibitory bioactivity against a panel of bacterial triggers of autoimmune inflammatory diseases indicate their potential in the prevention and treatment of these diseases in genetically susceptible individuals.


One of the most important problems to overcome in the production of coatings, a major technology in surface modification, is the maximization of coating to substrate adhesion. In spite of its limitations, the scratch technique is most used in adhesion characterization studies. In this study, the adhesion of alumina coatings deposited by RF magnetron sputtering on AISI M2 high speed steel (HSS) was evaluated by the scratch test. An attempt to improve the adhesion of the alumina coatings was investigated by the deposition of an intermediate layer of Ti or TiN. The influence of the substrate surface roughness, the intermediate layer thickness, and the sputter etch cleaning on the coating adhesion was studied.


This paper discusses a simple approach for the implementation of closed loop control of Cuk converter in real time using dSPACE1103 controller. The control algorithm and the proportional integral controller (PI) are constructed in MATLAB simulink with dSPACE blocksets. The converter is designed with a power rating of 18 W with 30 V output voltage for LED driver applications for an input of 12 V DC supply. The Cuk converter and the driver circuits are designed and fabricated in real time. The circuit is tested under different running conditions. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the performance of the converter.


ABSTRACT Different data are required in order to establish a realistic reservoir model capable of predicting the dynamic field behaviour during the development stage of an oil field. Well testing is considered to be one of the most effective methods for obtaining these reservoir and wellbore data. Numerous analytical models are available and utilised in investigating vertical-well pressure transient tests, on the other hand, horizontal-well pressure transient tests have been considered as more difficult to analyse. In this work, well test data of a horizontal-well are simulated for homogeneous isotropic and anisotropic reservoirs and analysed in order to develop empirical correlations that rectify the vertical reservoir permeability estimated by well testing.


Objectives: This research is performed to arrange oral health improvement program and improve the quality of life by raising total health index of male workers. The relationship between the oral health, oral health index and total health index of workers are investigated through the direct or indirect effects based on structural equational modeling. Methods: Total 272 people who work in Gyeong-Nam province participated in this survey. Results: Oral health knowledge has an meaningful direct effects on the oral health practice with γ=.259 and dietary pattern with γ=.224. Total health index has indirect relationship with the oral health index with β=.141 and dietary pattern has direct relationship with the oral health index with β=.315. The oral health index has direct relationship with total health index with β=.454. Conclusions: Our research shows that there is meaningful relationship between the oral health, oral health index and total health index of workers. The systematic and continuous programs for oral health should be transferred to workers for the raise of oral health and the quality of the life.


In recent years, adverse effects have been shown in marine living organisms due to pharmaceuticalsubstances released into nature. The emission of pharmaceutical substances into the environmentis ma ...


Objective To summarize the rescue experience of 9 cases with anaphylaetic shock caused by effusion of kidney hydatid fluid of echinococcosis.Methods Totally 9 reseued cases with anaphylactie shock caused by effusion of kidney hydatid fluid in the Northern Xinjiang area were investigated.The clinical symptoms and the emergency rescue methods were reviewed.Results Among 9 eases,4 cases of kidney hydatid cyst were ruptured before operation while 5 cases were ruptured during operation.Six patients diagnosed with the rapid diagnostic ELISA kit were all positive.The patients were given synthesized therapy including invaded mechanical ventilate,operation,hypoxidosis correction,high-dose hormone and antibiotics etc.resulting in 7 survived and 2 died.Conclusion In order to prevent absorption of the kidney hydatid fluid into tissues and avoid anaphylactic shock,the kidney hydatid fluid should be removed rapidly from the body.Surgery is the key measure to remove etiological factor of anaphylactic shock.

Key words:
Echinococcosis; Kidney hydatid cyst; Anaphylactie shock; Rescue


In 1654, the Italian Jesuit Martino Martini published an account of the fall of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) that rapidly became a bestseller, going through twenty editions and being translated into most languages of Europe. And no wonder. The collapse of the Ming is fascinating. How did this great dynasty — the largest, wealthiest, most powerful country in the world — fall to a group of "Tartar" tribesmen from Manchuria? Martini's answer was that the last Ming emperor was weak and ineffectual and the court was thrown into disarray by factional squabbles involving the eunuchs. Profiting from disarray in Beijing, bands of brigands ravaged the country, and this opened the way to the Tartars, or as they called themselves, the Manchus, who established their rule over China in 1644. All of this, Martini felt, was divine punishment for the Ming's mistreatment of Christian missionaries. The Ming collapse still fascinates, and since Martini many historians have attempted to explain it. For some, Ming weakness was long-standing, accruing through the sixteenth century, as a series of inept rulers neglected their duties and allowed eunuchs to monopolize administration and corrupt officials to run roughshod over the common people. For others, the problems stemmed fromMing culture, for example from a purported inability to resolve the ancient Chinese dichotomy between words and war, wen and wu, so that civil and military officials could not cooperate properly. Others have suggested that the Ming decline was more abrupt, a feature of the early 1600s. One argument along these lines suggests that theMing were weakened by a silver famine in the 1640s, when a massive influx of silver from the Americas suddenly stopped, throwing the Ming into financial and fiscal disarray (this notion is still hotly debated). Another argument holds that in the early 1600s the Ming state became increasingly weak, private interests became entrenched, and members of the elite were able to abuse their positions to enrich themselves at the expense of the commoners, who, naturally, became irate and disaffected. Others have focused less on the weakness of the Ming than on the strength of the Manchus, who established one of the most effective states in the world, more nimble, lean, and fiscally sound than the sprawling Ming. Still others have focused on the influence of climate: a series of massive volcanic eruptions in the 1630s and early 1640s followed by the onset of a long solar minimum, which decreased temperatures and altered climate patterns, sparking not just the fall of the Ming but, indeed, political disorder throughout the world. In all of this, the military aspects have often remained in the background. Most historians assumed that the Ming's military weakness was a longstanding problem, afflicting the dynasty through the sixteenth century, and even before. But historians in East Asia and the West have increasingly contested this view, and Kenneth Swope has been a major figure in this reassessment. His 2001 dissertation focused on the three great campaigns of the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620),


: Based on the five subsystems of Rural Revitalization, the evaluation system is constructed, the entropy method is used to measure the development level of Rural Revitalization in China from 2013 to 2020, and the Tobit model is used to analyze the influencing factors. The study shows that the development level of Rural Revitalization in China has been steadily improving, showing a decreasing development pattern in the eastern, northeast, central and western regions, and the "catch-up effect" in the western region is significant. Government support, technological progress, infrastructure and education level have a significant positive impact on Rural Revitalization and development.


The visible luminescence of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$-doped fluoride ${\mathrm{LiKY}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Pr}}_{x}{\mathrm{F}}_{5}$ crystals $(x=0.001,$ 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1) has been investigated as a function of concentration and temperature by using time-resolved laser spectroscopy. The temperature-dependent concentration quenching of the ${}^{3}{P}_{0}$ fluorescence in the 10\char21{}77 K temperature range can be described in the framework of a thermally activated cross-relaxation process involving the ${}^{1}{D}_{2}$ and ${}^{3}{H}_{6}$ states. However, the single exponential character of the decays at all concentrations and temperatures suggests that energy migration is also present in this system. The fluorescence from the ${}^{1}{D}_{2}$ level shows a strong concentration quenching for ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ concentrations higher than $x=0.001$ even at 4.2 K. The time evolution of the decays from the ${}^{1}{D}_{2}$ state for concentrations higher than $x=0.001$ is consistent with a dipole-dipole energy transfer mechanism. Anti-Stokes emission from the ${}^{3}{P}_{0}$ level following excitation of the ${}^{1}{D}_{2}$ state is also studied for different ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ concentrations. Analysis of the upconverted fluorescence decays supports that the mechanism responsible for the upconvertion process is energy transfer. However, this process seems to be complex enough to allow for the use of a single model which could explain the behavior observed.


High and low-cycle fatigue tests were performed on AA 6061/10%Al2O3p, AA 6061/20%Al2O3p and AA 2618/20%Al2O3p metal matrix composites. All the materials were tested in a peak-aged condition (T6 temper). The fatigue properties were analysed in terms of reinforcement and particle/matrix interface properties; the effect of reinforcement volume fraction and size was also studied. OM, SEM and EDS analyses were performed on the composites. SEM analyses were also carried out on the fracture surfaces of fatigue-tested samples to assess crack nucleation and growth mechanisms. Differences between low and high-cycle fatigue and fracture behaviour were discussed for the tested composites. In the high-cycle fatigue regime, the materials showed better resistance than the corresponding un-reinforced alloys only at low stresses. The composite resistance to the low-cycle fatigue was less satisfactory. In this case, a coarser reinforcement reduced the fatigue life, due to greater tendency toward particle damage on loading.


In Singapore, the Energy Labelling Scheme (MELS) is designed as a complimentary tool supporting the Energy Performance Standards (MEPS), aimed towards harnessing the power of choice to raise the energy savings potential of an energy efficient appliance purchase. The MEPS and MELS have both been revised once each since 2008 to ensure that air-conditioner models available in the market adhere to stricter Coefficient of Performance (COP) values. Here, in this study, we attempt to quantify the actual savings realized by the purchase of energy efficient air-conditioners (AC) with a natural experiment. The quantification of actual energy savings from space cooling has been studied before, notably in the US[1], UK[2], and Mexico[3]. In particular, we utilize household surveys, as well as monthly and daily electricity demand profiles to identify the time-varying impact of such a purchase on consumption. We conclude that Rebound effect exists for new AC purchases, and varies across household size and dwelling types.


John H. Krystal is Robert L. McNeil Jr. Professor of Translational Research and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry of the Yale University School of Medicine. He trained at Yale Medical School and the Yale Psychiatry Residency Program. His special interest is translational neuroscience.

I have


—This paper presents the work done at University of Genova on mobile manipulation. The task priority architecture, employed for the control of a single agent, is first recalled as a basis for solving a cooperative transportation task.


The mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake by rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro was studied under different incubation conditions. The uptake reached a saturation level even at low concentration of exogenous 5-HT resulting in a concentration ratio of more than one thousand times. The uptake during the first hour was more rapid when compared with the slow uptake during succeeding hours. The uptake was dependent on temperature and calcium and magnesium ions. Addition of glucose to the medium did not accelerate the uptake which also was unaffected by pH alteration from 6.0 to 7.4. The proposed active uptake mechanism Tor 5-HT was supported by the results obtained with metabolic inhibitors; those belonging to the group of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation effectively inhibited the uptake while sodium cyanide and sodium azide were without significant effect. Results obtained further indicated that 5-HT at high exogenous concentrations may passively diffuse into the mast cells.


Purpose Stroke and myocardial infarction are common diseases occurring in patients suffering from Age Macular Degeneration (AMD). We assessed the rate of AMD and AMD risk factors in patients suffering from recent stroke or myocardial infarction.


In this paper we consider a mechanism design problem in the context of large-scale crowdsourcing markets such as Amazon's Mechanical Turk mturk, ClickWorker clickworker, CrowdFlower crowdflower. In these markets, there is a requester who wants to hire workers to accomplish some tasks. Each worker is assumed to give some utility to the requester on getting hired. Moreover each worker has a minimum cost that he wants to get paid for getting hired. This minimum cost is assumed to be private information of the workers. The question then is -- if the requester has a limited budget, how to design a direct revelation mechanism that picks the right set of workers to hire in order to maximize the requester's utility? We note that although the previous work (Singer (2010) chen et al. (2011)) has studied this problem, a crucial difference in which we deviate from earlier work is the notion of large-scale markets that we introduce in our model. Without the large market assumption, it is known that no mechanism can achieve a competitive ratio better than 0.414 and 0.5 for deterministic and randomized mechanisms respectively (while the best known deterministic and randomized mechanisms achieve an approximation ratio of 0.292 and 0.33 respectively). In this paper, we design a budget-feasible mechanism for large markets that achieves a competitive ratio of 1 - 1/e ≃ 0.63. Our mechanism can be seen as a generalization of an alternate way to look at the proportional share mechanism, which is used in all the previous works so far on this problem. Interestingly, we can also show that our mechanism is optimal by showing that no truthful mechanism can achieve a factor better than 1 - 1/e, thus, fully resolving this setting. Finally we consider the more general case of submodular utility functions and give new and improved mechanisms for the case when the market is large.


Both Susan Faludi's Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man (text) and the film Fight Club (image) insist that men have been emasculated by consumerism; that the post-war legacy of the so-called good life has shifted men from active, heroic, confrontational roles into the passive, ornamental roles usually assigned to women; and that, without a Great Depression, or Great War, or any other dragon to slay, emasculated men have become imprisoned in their job cubicles and possessed by their possessions, often with not only negative, but even violent repercussions. Ecofeminism and ecotheology provide the tools for better understanding this idolatrous false god of consumerism, as well as for beginning to explore how the economics of plenty affect seemingly privileged men. Importantly, however, this study does not further privilege the already privileged, but seeks instead to understand how the globalizing economy negatively impacts both the human poor and the nonhuman ecosystems which altogether constitute our fragile planet (including population growth and environmental racism). Finally, the essay pushes beyond deconstructive criticism to explore "green" alternatives—at once returning to the masculinity/economics issues in popular culture, insisting on the need for both an economic theory and a value system that do not reduce all value to monetary terms, and seeking a renewed commitment to relational justice in ecosystemic communities. Here, Faludi and Fight Club part company, the latter focusing not on community but upon the heterosexist isolationism and individualism which others argue is a symptom, perhaps even a cause, and certainly not the solution for our current economic and environmental woes.


Phytoremediation is a well known heavy metals remediation technique for contaminatedsoils and water. The present study was aimed to evaluate the uptake and dry weightresponse of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) subjected to different levels of cadmium(Cd) (0, 3, 6 and 12 mg/kg soil) and nickel (Ni) (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg soil) stress. Theexperiment was conducted in pots using a completely randomized design with fourreplications for three months. Concentration of Ni and Cd was determined using atomicabsorption spectrophotometer. The dried weight of aerial and underground parts of Vetivergrass individuals at the end of the experiment were used to compare plant weight responseto different stresses. Statistical analysis was performed using version 18 of SPSS softwareand analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mean comparisons were completed through Tukeymethod. No restrictions on Cd uptake was observed in root and shoot of Vetiver grass, butin the case of Ni, its concentration in shoots of vetiver grass decreased with higher metallevels.The highest transfer factor (TF) among Ni treatments was observed at the lowestconcentration (50 mg/L) and the highest TF among Cd treatments was observed at thehighest concentration (12 mg/L). Results revealed that Ni and Cd had a significant (p<0.05)positive effect on shoot and root dry weight of Vetiver grass. Our results suggest capabilityof this plant for use in phytoextraction of Ni and phytostabilisation of Cd contaminatedsoils.


With the rapid improvement of the utilization of hydropower resources, the optimal operation of cascade hydropower groups has been proposed and developed. The paper proposes a linear envelope for the maximum energy storage model of cascade hydropower groups, which comprises the generation of tetrahedron convex envelope of hydropower generation function, three-stage step-by-step linear processing of hydraulic head-water storage relation, deletion of invalid constraints, and the reduction of the maximum energy storage criterion under time delay approximation. The method can effectively realize convex relaxation of the cascade hydropower short-term optimal dispatch model with non-convex nonlinear characteristics, prevent the solution from falling into local optimum and improve the solving speed, thereby being beneficial to the efficient formulation of the cascade hydropower short-term dispatch plan with promising benefits. The effectiveness and the validity of the proposed model are verified using numerical examples from the Wujiang River cascaded hydropower systems in China.


The results are presented of a study conducted to examine the reactivity of NaHCO3 and its thermally decomposed product, Na2CO3, with SO2 as a function of temperature and particle size in a simulated flue gas. The NaHCO3 reaction was found to be significantly more efficient than the Na2CO3 reaction for temperatures less than 450°F (230°C) with a maximum efficiency of conversion occurring between 250 and 350°F. In the temperature range of 450-650°F, both compounds were observed to behave similarly. The Na2CO3 reaction with SO2 was found to be dependent on particle size in the range of 20-200/tm for temperatures less than 450°F.


This research gives 1) an identification of hot pepper prices in Gorontalo Province, 2) an analysis of hot pepper price fluctuation in Gorontalo Province, and 3) an analysis of hot pepper vertical market integration in Gorontalo Province. It was undertaken in April-June 2022. The data used were secondary. The method was descriptive-quantitative, with analyses of IMC (Index of Market Connection), Coefficient of Variation (CV) by finding the standard deviation, and price fluctuation. The results demonstrated the highest price of hot pepper around IDR67,708.00/kg prevalent at the consumer level in 2019. The lowest one, that was around IDR26,392.00/kg came about at the producer level in 2018. The price mostly fluctuated at the consumer level with a coefficient of the standard deviation of 17,281.52. At the producer level, it came with a standard deviation of 12,202.82. Price stability was relatively small at the producer level with a low-price fluctuation but was relatively high at the consumer level that, accordingly, had a high price fluctuation. The IMC (Index Market of Connection) was 0.76. The market integration grew higher or stronger. That is, price changes at the consumer level could be significantly perceived by producers. It exhibited how prices at the retailer level affected prices at the farmer and consumer levels.


As one of the most important components of power grid, a distribution network is the most vulnerable part in the face of various uncertainties, and influences the stability and economy of a power system. In this paper, the operational information, hardware information and human factors were considered, and a state evaluation model of multi-source information fusion was established. Based on big data fuzzy iteration method and a weighted expert library, a weighted distribution of multi-source information was obtained, and an equipment condition assessment was carried out reasonably. Taking the distribution transformer as an example, the assessment showed that fusion of multi-source information presented in this paper is more comprehensive, and has the ability to reflect the state of equipment. The method proposed in this paper can accurately judge the running state of distribution equipment based on all kinds of information, and provides a reference for the follow-up power marketing for the status assessment of the user equipment.


Multiple autonomous agents measuring the same phenomenon and communicating randomly among themselves may or may not reach an agreement in finite time depending on the system design and communication pattern. We exploit here the consensus concept for investigating if and how such a collective agreement among agents can be accelerated. Indeed an accelerated consensus has many benefits for situations where time is critical such as emergency response or surveillance teams made of geographically dispersed network agents. Specifically we look at accelerating consensus of random networks made of independent agents with unidirectional (one-way) communication capabilities. In particular we propose a sub-network consensus concept and show how the proposed scheme relates to a lower bound for the conventional network state variance. Also we derive sufficient conditions for accelerating consensus through the manipulation of information relevance, which can be associated to the edge weights of a directed graph.


Guided by previous non-perturbative lattice simulations of a two-step electroweak phase transition, we reformulate the perturbative analysis of equilibrium thermodynamics for generic cosmological phase transitions in terms of effective field theory (EFT) expansions. Based on thermal scale hierarchies, we argue that the scale of many interesting phase transitions is in-between the soft and ultrasoft energy scales, which have been the focus of studies utilising high-temperature dimensional reduction. The corresponding EFT expansions provide a handle to control the perturbative expansion, and allow us to avoid spurious infrared divergences, imaginary parts, gauge dependence and renormalisation scale dependence that have plagued previous studies. As a direct application, we present a novel approach to two-step electroweak phase transitions, by constructing separate effective descriptions for two consecutive transitions. Our approach provides simple expressions for effective potentials separately in different phases, a numerically inexpensive method to determine thermodynamics, and significantly improves agreement with the non-perturbative lattice simulations.


In the new era of the renewable energy market in South Africa, there is a knowledge gap in the technical standards relating to distribution transformers, which are exclusively intended to serve in large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. The problem arises from the reality that these transformers are compelled to facilitate an environment with a potentially high risk of an unacceptable level of harmonics and distortion. What manufacturers currently need is a comprehensive transformer specification for DT transformers in PV applications, as the standards currently in use for regular transformers have so far proven to be inadequate. The latter triggers the need for this work to contribute to the advancement of this knowledge gap by mapping a comparative analysis of defining and specifying the design considerations for solar PV transformers. Initially, the computation of the various transformer losses at multifaceted active-part structures under normal conditions by employing the proposed finite element analysis (FEA) is presented. Then, two design case studies are described and the harmonic load current content to which the transformer will be susceptible during operation is specified and used for the analysis. Lastly, the design losses computed using the proposed FEA are substantiated using practical measurements.


Significantly different radiation responses have been observed for both transistors and ICs with and without preirradiation burn-in. The hardness assurance implications of these results and possible changes to the MIL-STDs will be presented.


This paper studies the basic theories of data-driven product innovation and design. In the context of the era of big data, based on the analysis of the concept and development of product data, a model of data-driven product design is derived. By comparing traditional design methods with those in the data age. This paper presents the process and mode of data-driven design and the method of data processing. In the analysis of the actual case, use Python language programming and use this language code to expand the network to crawl data, and use the obtained data samples to train the model.


QQ chat program uses a C/S communication mode,the client / server model,for many of the basic network protocols,Winsock is to achieve access to the preferred interface.To achieve the chat function,TCP protocol Winsock programming is used.


Tobacco smoking and incense burning are commonly used in Jordanian microenvironments. While smoking in Jordan is prohibited inside closed spaces, incense burning remains uncontrolled. In this study, particle size distributions (diameter 0.01–25 µm) were measured and inhaled deposited dose rates were calculated during typical smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios inside a closed room, and the exposure was summarized in terms of number and mass concentrations of submicron (PNSub) and fine particles (PM2.5). During cigarette smoking and incense stick-burning scenarios, the particle number concentrations exceeded 3 × 105 cm−3. They exceeded 5 × 105 cm−3 during shisha smoking. The emission rates were 1.9 × 1010, 6.8 × 1010, and 1.7 × 1010 particles/s, respectively, for incense, cigarettes, and shisha. That corresponded to about 7, 80, and 120 µg/s, respectively. Males received higher dose rates than females, with about 75% and 55% in the pulmonary/alveolar during walking and standing, respectively. The total dose rates were in the order of 1012–1013 #/h (103–104 µg/h), respectively, for PNSub and PM2.5. The above reported concentrations, emissions rates, and dose rates are considered seriously high, recalling the fact that aerosols emitted during such scenarios consist of a vast range of toxicant compounds.


Afzalinia, S., Shaker, M. and Zare, E. 2006. Performance evaluation of common grain drills in Iran. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le génie des biosystèmes au Canada 48: 2.39 2.43. The overall performance index (OPI) of the most common models of grain drills in Iran including Hassia, Nordstone, Hamadan Machine Barzegar, and Keshtgostar was determined under irrigated conditions. To calculate the OPI, parameters such as required draft, field efficiency, effective field capacity, uniformity of the seed planting depth, uniformity of the seed distribution, plant population, possibility of planting seed and fertilizer simultaneously, number of required labourers, the cost of operation, availability of furrower for irrigation, and planted crop yield were determined for each grain drill tested. A randomized complete block design was used to analyze data of this study. Results showed a significant difference between the grain drills for uniformity of the seed planting depth and draft requirement. The Machine Barzegar grain drill had the best planting depth uniformity (81.9%) and the highest draft requirement (7665 N). Comparison of the grain drills for OPI showed that the Hamadan Machine Barzegar grain drill had the highest OPI (0.91).


The requirements imposed for the market of work and the adaptation of the professionals ahead of such requirements make with that a concern for the discovery of which exists the current situation. In this perspective, this objective research to analyze the status quo of the functions of the graduated gra,duandos and of the Course of Countable Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. With this, it is approached first, a historical briefing of the countable profession in Brazil, demonstrating the evolution of the Countable Science, that since much time, already if makes important gift and for the society, devoting itself as a science and evolving in accordance with the occured changes in the profile of the professionals of this area. After that, the functions are enumerated that can be played by an Accountant and the abilities and abilities of the countable professional, showing that the Accounting is an area that provides many chances for the professional. Moreover, the main requirements imposed for the market, showing that the current process of occured changes in the world establishes new requirements to the professionals, in a general way are presented. It also presents, some advantages you add of the Course of Countable Sciences, looking for to demonstrate that exactly the professional formed in Countable Sciences that are not acting in the area, can exert the Accounting through the control of the proper patrimony as form of practical of the learning in the course. Finally, it still displays, the valuation for the continuity of the studies with courses of Mestrado specialization and in the area, as well as the advantages of if having professional experience to face the competitive market of work.


Wide popular support for cogeneration is likely to make it a successful energy option for the 1980s, when alternatives for new centralized generating plants, lower fuel consumption and costs, and lower energy-related air pollution will be needed. Three possible pitfalls for cogeneration are identified: who will control and who will pay for cogeneration technology and which fuels will be used. Those who expect cogeneration to decentralize fuel and energy supplies or democratize energy policy will be disappointed because the transnational companies are pioneering the cogeneration movement, often in opposition to the utilities. Small utility users will suffer higher rates if larger users leave the power grid in favor of cogeneration. This can be avoided by offering industrial users lower rates, but the cost would be lower energy efficiency. Others suggest that large utilities sell off their excess generating equipment, which may not be feasible. Mideast oil and synthetic fuels are the most likely fuels for cogeneration, but air quality will suffer with an increase of urban oil-fired or coal-fired units. Natural gas, followed by methane from biogas plants will be less polluting.


This paper describes tensile testing of thin films, such as single crystal silicon, polysilicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, and metals. These films are used as mechanical structures in MEMS devices, which are strongly requested to evaluate their reliability before they become products. Thin film tensile tester equipped with an electrostatic grip system has been developed in order to test specimen that has same dimensions and was fabricated by the same process as those of application devices. Various properties have been revealed using the tester, such as fracture origin investigated from the statistical analysis, fracture mechanism from the environmental effect on strength, and strength of nanometer thick films.


The data processing centers (CED) are defined today among the areas with the greatest demand for energy for specific use, and for the intrinsic operation of the technological equipment of processing and the data transmission. As a result of the high diffusion of today's telecommunications systems, the CEDs are increasingly widely disseminated and characterized by logics of operation, such as to ensure a high level of reliability in terms of continuity of service. Objective of the proposed study is to evaluate the reduction of demand energy by cooling, through implementation of air conditioning technologies based on airconditioning systems of free-cooling type. The study compares different operating scenarios in relation to hypothetical operating conditions, in different regions of Italy characterized by different environmental thermo-hygrometric conditions, highlighting the limiting factors in terms of energy demand.


The scope of this study is to investigate the interactions of gillnet fishing and the accidental captures of the Pontoporia blainvillei, as well as the implications of this activity in species conservation. Therefore, fishing activities are described and analyzed, accidental captures are evaluated, mortality is estimated and some aspects of population structure are studied, such as growth and age estimates, besides criteria estimates of reproduction variables in franciscana dolphin accidentally caught on the coast of the State of São Paulo. Continuous monitoring of the fishing boats in Praia Grande County, from July 1999 to December 2008 allowed both the chronological evaluation of accidental catching and capture per unit effort. Five different types of gillnets and one of trawl net for shallow areas were used by the fishing boats in Praia Grande, of which four types of gillnets registered catching. A total number of 91 franciscana dolphins were accidentally captured and the values of catch per unit effort (CPUE) indicate that "boeira" surface nets and "bottom thick" demersal nets are responsible for the highest capture numbers during autumn and winter time. The use of drift nets was observed along the coast of the São Paulo State where a total of 1,192 boats have used such nets. Through the systematic monitoring of four fishing communities, the total fishing effort concerning drift nets, in the State of São Paulo, was 4,684,981 km per fishing day. This value was then multiplied by the catch per unit of average fishing (0.00008 Franciscana dolphins/km x fishing day), which resulted in an estimate mortality of 372 dolphins between June 2004 and April 2005. Estimated age of captured animals varied from 0 to 14 years, 80.0% ranged between 0 and 3 years. Age distribution among female dolphins was from 0 to 7 years, while among male dolphins it was from 0 to 14 years. The maximum asymptotic lenght, estimated according to the von Bertalanffy model and adjusted to the length and age data, was of 117.5 cm for males and 135.6 cm for females. The estimated growth rate for males (0.859) was higher than for females (0.779). No significant difference regarding length, weight, and width between the gonads of the same animal was noticed, confirming the symmetry hypothesis. The average values of the gonads macroscopic measures, as well as both the Testicular (TIM) and Ovarian (OIM) Index of Maturity were significantly different among mature, pubescent and immature individuals. There was a clear increase in value for mature individuals, which demonstrates the gonads size and weight increase as they reach maturity. Microscopic analysis of 45 testicles showed that 33.3% of males were immature, 15.6% pubescent, and 51.1% mature. Microscopic analysis of 42 female ovaries showed that 54.8% of females were immature, 4.8% pubescent, and 40.5% mature. Nine out of the total mature females captured were pregnant and presented a pregnancy corpus luteum of greater size. The maximum corpus albicans and corpus luteum numbers observed in mature female ovaries was three 61.9% occurring in the left ovary. Both average length and average sexual maturity age for male individuals were estimated between 103.6 – 107.83 cm and 1.31 – 1.48 years, respectively. For female individuals these numbers were 119 cm and 1.2 – 1.83 years, depending on the method used. The estimated pregnancy period was 10.22 months; the annual pregnancy rate was 0.56; the birth length was 72.05 cm; the fetal growth rate was 0.27 cm/day, and the reproduction interval was 1.77 year. The results obtained in the State of São Paulo indicate that drift nets affect mainly immature individuals of both sexes, from 0 to 2 years old. However, a significant percentage of mature adults have also been captured. Besides, no latitude pattern in the variables studied was confirmed.


A model is proposed which accounts for the polarization of inclusively produced hyperons and the asymmetries in the distributions of ..pi.. mesons produced on polarized targets. The polarization phenomena are accounted for by the spin-orbit interaction in the scalar field that binds quarks into hadrons.


Given an integral domain $D$ and a $D$-algebra $R$, we introduce the local Picard group $\mathrm{LPic}(R,D)$ as the quotient between the Picard group $\mathrm{Pic}(R)$ and the canonical image of $\mathrm{Pic}(D)$ in $\mathrm{Pic}(R)$, and its subgroup $\mathrm{LPic}_u(R,D)$ generated by the the integral ideals of $R$ that are unitary with respect to $D$. We show that, when $D\subseteq R$ is a ring extension that satisfies certain properties (for example, when $R$ is the ring of polynomial $D[X]$ or the ring of integer-valued polynomials $\mathrm{Int}(D)$), it is possible to decompose $\mathrm{LPic}(R,D)$ as the direct sum $\bigoplus\mathrm{LPic}(RT,T)$, where $T$ ranges in a Jaffard family of $D$. We also study under what hypothesis this isomorphism holds for pre-Jaffard families of $D$.