Character recognition under complex background,which Abstracts character features,is one of the hard tasks of researches on character extraction because of many disadvantageous factors,such as complex background,image degeneration,imcomplete character image and its large numbers.This paper mainly discussed the methods of character site and incision, character feature extraction under complex scene images especially imcomplete character images,and put forward an algorithm which is functional,accurate and effective.The paper take Chinese character extraction under imcomplete character background of video image as a example and a system model is implemented with this algorithm


The multi-sensor information fusion technology has the extremely widespread application prospect in the robot domain.In this paper,in view of the question that the mobile robot evades barriers and the path planning,in according with characteristic of fuzzy logic and the neural network,proposes a method of multi-sensor information fusion based on fuzzy neural network of the T-S model.This method manage the barrier information synthetically,uses for mobile robot to evade barriers.And confirmes the feasibility and the validity of this plan through the simulation in the mobile robot to evade barriers and the path planning.


In this paper, the dynamics of a vibrator-controlled adaptive damper is simulated. Its potential in vehicle isolation improvement is demonstrated by a quarter car model. From the results obtained, it is known that after adding a vibrator- controlled flow valve to the conventional hydraulic damper, it is possible to achieve a desired frequency-dependent damping characteristics to provide a large damping at system resonance for the attenuation of the system resonant overshoot, but small damping at higher frequencies to guarantee a good isolation performance. The special feature of this adaptive damper lies in the fact that the damper can be constructed totally mechanically without electronics, which provides a practical way for industrial applications. (A)


According to N-body numerical simulations, the radial pairwise velocities of galaxies have negative skewness in the quasi-non-linear regime. To understand its origin, we calculate the probability distribution function of the radial pairwise velocity using the Zel'dovich approximation, i.e. an analytical approximation for gravitational clustering. The calculated probability distribution function is in good agreement with the result of N-body simulations. Thus, the negative skewness originates in relative motions of galaxies in the clustering process that the infall dominates over the expansion.


Optical tolerancing simulation has improved so that the modeling of optomechanical accuracy can better predict as-built performance. A key refinement being proposed within this paper is monitoring formal interference fits and checking lens elements within their mechanical housings. Without proper checks, simulations may become physically unrealizable and pessimistic, thereby resulting in lower simulated yields. An improved simulation method has been defined and demonstrated in this paper with systems that do not have barrel constraints. The demonstration cases clearly show the trend of the beneficial impact with yield results, as a yield increase of 36.3% to 39.2% is garnered by one example. Considerations in simulating the realistic optomechanical system will assist in controlling cost and providing more accurate simulation results.


We developed the Wi-Fi based temperature monitoring system which determines the melting point of a material caused by thermal events in a material. The system is consisting of a furnace combined with digital PID controller, embedded microcontroller and two K-type thermocouple sensors for measuring both reference and sample temperature. In this paper, we performed the measurement by combining the common furnace along with an embedded microcontroller which is integrated by a customized of OpenWRT Linux distribution and Wireless Access Point (WAP) as well. The Linux operating system served as a web server delivering the measurement process from the microcontroller and thermocouple sensors. Since the board contains WAP, the measurement process was accessed by utilizing web browser wirelessly. For the sake of data backup, the measurement data were also saved on the installed ROM or SD card. The melting point of material was calculated by subtracting the reference from the material under tested. To filter the noise, Kalman Filter algorithm was implemented in the analysis to get the better result.


ABSTRACT CYP2B6 is a polymorphic enzyme with a large number of variants which may lead to functional changes in enzyme activity and substrate selectivity. In this study, CYP2B6 and its three variants with and without psoralen, a mechanism-based inactivator, were investigated using molecular simulation method. The obtained docking orientation of psoralen was in agreement with previously identified site of metabolism. Stability analysis showed that the three variants displayed more flexibility than CYP2B6.1, and CYP2B6.34 was the most flexible one without psoralen binding. However, in the presence of psoralen, CYP2B6.34 became more rigidity. Tunnel analysis indicates that the bottleneck change of tunnels may be correlated to the increased or decreased activity of variants. Binding free energy analysis shows that van der Waals interaction dominates the binding of psoralen. CYP2B6.34 has the highest affinity to psoralen with lowest binding free energy. Ile114, Phe115 and heme contribute largely to the binding of psoralen with CYP2B6.6, while Phe206 and Leu363 play important roles for CYP2B6.1 and CYP2B6.4. These computational observations suggest that the increased activity of CYP2B6.4 and reduced activity of CYP2B6.6 may be due to changes in regional structures.


We characterize the network of COVID-19 spread in India and find that the transmission rate is 0.43, with daily case growth driven by individuals who contracted the virus abroad. We explore the question of whether this represents exponentially decaying dynamics or is simply an artefact of India's testing strategy. Testing has largely been limited to individuals travelling from high-risk countries and their immediate contacts, meaning that the network reflects positive identifications from a biased testing sample. Given generally low levels of testing and an almost complete absence of testing for community spread, there is significant risk that we may be missing out on the actual nature of outbreak. India still has an apparently low current caseload, with possibly a small window of time to act, and should therefore aggressively and systematically expand random testing for community spread, including for asymptomatic cases. This will help understand true transmission characteristics and plan appropriately for the immediate future.


To explore the potential of traditional food and foster the nutrition awareness, the perception of young people toward their traditional food is becoming important. Young generation is a potential market for fast food vendors. Young people has characteristic to changes and has specific preference in appetite and style. The objective of this study is to look the awareness of young people for their food preference including their traditional food. This is self-assessment of local youth to their traditional food. Observation and in-depth interview were used to collect data. Fifty-four respondents consist of twenty-nine male and twenty-four female from two demographic backgrounds were interviewed on their experiences and opinions toward their traditional food. Fourteen questions were asked. The respondent age are ranged between 17-24 years old. The substantial findings of the survey include the fact that young people more concern about the nutrition of food compare to perception of the favourite food. There are also no evident there is a different of food-related health concern between two different demographic background. Keywords — Perception of young people, Food Culture, Psychology


It is an apparatus and a method of inducting, provision and / or handling and / or the exchange of rollers (12, 16) wound thereon and as a packaging material for packaging piece goods, containers or the like products compilations dienendem flat and / or sheet material disclosed. Exhausted rollers (16) are removed from a packaging machine and by new rollers (12) with flat and / or film material replaced. The installation position (EB1, EB2) of the rollers (12, 16) with abzuwickelndem flat and / or sheet material is at least one sensor (66) for detecting an axial position of the roller (12, 16) and / or for detecting the spatial positions of at least each of the outer layers of the unwound roll (12, 16) is assigned. The output signals (72) of the sensor (66) are a control device (74) for generating control signals (76) for axial displacement (64) of a unwound roll (12, 16) equipped arbor (42) in response to sensed and processed found sensor signals (72) of the sensor (66) is available.


Sinonasal mucormycosis is uncommon entity and it rarely infects a healthy host. When it does occur; it becomes very difficult to treat because of the speed of progress of disease and can have fatal outcomes. The mainstays of therapy are treatment of immunocompromised status, systemic high dose Amphotericin B, and surgical debridement of necrosed or nonviable tissue. The following six cases, managed at our centre from July 2016 to October 2016, outline nuances in the diagnosis of invasive sinonasal mucormycosis and highlight the importance of timely surgical debridement and importance of endoscopic approach in complete clearance of disease in order to facilitate medical management to work. All cases included in this study were found to be immunocompromised and had unilateral severe diminution of vision due to periorbital extension of disease. Diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed black-brown crust and tenacious pus filling up nasal cavity, erosion of turbinates and nasal septal perforation. One patient showed erosion of hard palate and eschar formation. CECT/MRI of PNS showed evidence of bony erosion and orbital involvement. Biopsy taken during nasal endoscopy confirmed the presence of mucormycosis. All patients were started on Liposomal Amphotericin B and broad spectrum antibiotics in renal corrected dosages and taken up for urgent endonasal endoscopic debridement. All paranasal sinuses were cleared and orbital decompression was done. Postoperatively all patients were continued on Liposomal Amphotericin B in renal corrected dosages for two-three weeks and being followed up monthly. One patient could not survive due to several co morbidities and severe immunocompromised status. Only one patient showed recurrence of disease on one month postoperative follow up. Five patients showed improvement in visual acuity. Sinonasal mucormycosis if inappropriately diagnosed and treated can be a fatal condition. Energetic diagnostic workup, combined with equally energetic management, surgical and management leads to favourable outcome.


Cardiac troponins have assumed important role in risk stratification of patients presenting in emergency room with acute chest pain. In the last fifteen years we have gained confidence in their clinical utility as markers of myocardial necrosis which is generally due to ischemia. They are more sensitive and specific than conventional markers like CK, CK-MB and LDH. Both quantitative and qualitative assays are available. Quantitative assays are point of care, relatively cheaper, results are more rapidly available and so are more popular. Qualitative assays are more sensitive, have to be conducted in the lab, blood sample collection is required and results are available after a certain period. So these are used as back up facility in most busy chest pain units. Troponin T and I: both kind of evaluations are available and are well evaluated. However troponin T estimation is more standardized and thus more popular. The revised criteria for diagnosis of myocardial infarction by the ESC/ACC guidelines of year 2000 include troponins as important diagnostic criteria. Due to this, significant subset of patients who were earlier placed in NSTEMI are to be considered as myocardial infarction patients once they have positive troponins since these are markers of micro infarctions. Once this criteria is more widely applied in clinical use the concept of myocardial infarction is going to change. Troponin estimations are important for risk stratifications of patients with chest pain and once they are negative in patients with normal electrocardiograms we can discharge patients from the emergency rooms. In coming times other markers like High sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) as marker of inflammation, Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) as marker of heart failure and Ischemia Modified Albumin (IMA) as marker of ischemia are likely to come up just as troponins have established their role as markers of necrosis. We will then be having a multimarker approach for management of these patients.


The southern part of Java Island is located between the two plates of the subduction zone, therefore this region had an active tectonic and volcanic activities. Those made a deformation of the geology around the southern part of Java island. This research was conducted to know the volume of deep geological structures to provide an overview of disaster warning systems in southern East Java region. The research that has been carried out using numerous active geophysical methods such as seismic methods had not been able to indicate internal structures. The needed for innovation used the integration of gravity and magnetotellurics methods. Bouguer anomaly gravity map became the supported data for interpretation. It showed low-density zones (0-80 mGal) between Pacitan-Trenggalek and beneath the Lumajang area which indicates the fault structure. Magnetotellurics (MT) which had a high penetration so that it is able to map deep active geological structures below the surface. The research area covered 8 regencies at the southern of East Java namely Pacitan, Trenggalek, Tulungagung, Blitar, Malang, Lumajang, Jember, and Banyuwangi. Magnetotelluric 1D processing showed indications of faults with orientations tend to be NE-SW between Pacitan and Trenggalek with depth (500 m – 8000 meter). Indications of faults with orientation tend to be NorthEast-SouthWest in Lumajang (100 - 500 meter).


This paper describes a project recently completed by Commonwealth Edison Company and Impell Corporation that dealt with two fundamental questions related to the design basis issue, namely: (1) What are the design basis functional requirements for a given system (2) How do you verify that the system, in its current configuration, is capable of performing its design basis functional requirements This safety system functional testing (SSFT) project was initiated in response to a question raised by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission during a safety system outage modification inspection of Dresden 3. The objective was to verify that plant modifications had not degraded the ability of a representative Dresden-3 safety system to perform its design basis functional requirements. This demonstration was based on normal system operation, plant surveillances, and actual system tests.


The sonographic appearance of gastric amyloidosis has not been described before. Concentric invasion of the gastric antrum by amyloid may produce sonographic and radiographic changes that are indistinguishable from those of gastric malignancy. Although this is a rare presentation of amyloidosis, the possibility of this disease should be considered because surgery is usually contraindicated in gastrointestinal amyloidosis. The diagnosis may be made by percutaneous needle biopsy under ultrasound guidance.


The transformations of the third‐generation Grubbs catalyst [RuCl2(=CHPh)(3‐Br‐py)2(H2IMes)] (py=pyridine, H2IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolidin‐2‐ylidene) in the presence of a terminal alkyne (phenylacetylene) were studied theoretically. The ruthenium η3‐vinylcarbene complex is the most probable product of the reaction between the 14‐electron ruthenium alkylidene species and phenylacetylene. Its subsequent transformation into the ruthenium vinylidene complex and stilbene, both being experimentally observed earlier, is possible. The former is believed to be the active species catalyzing the dimerization of terminal alkynes. The calculated pathway also predicts the formation of [RuCl2(H2IMes)] species, which might initiate the cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes or transform into the experimentally detected [RuCl2(3‐Br‐py)3(H2IMes)] complex. An alternative mechanism of the Grubbs catalyst decomposition through an intermediate Ru species having alkylidene and vinylidene ligands in the coordination sphere of ruthenium is also proposed.


A theoretical investigation of thermo-optic effect in silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide arrays is presented. Two types of array arrangements are described, with the aim to find the configuration in which the heat is efficiently guided from the heater through the waveguide core without noticeably affecting the other adjacent waveguides. One of these array designs provides excellent thermal and optical separation between waveguides and efficient heat flow, allowing smaller switching power and faster response to be simultaneously achieved. Good thermal isolation for closely spaced SOI waveguide structures is very promising for the realization of dense photonic integrated circuits.


While Population III stars are typically thought to be massive, pathways towards lower-mass Pop III stars may exist when the cooling of the gas is particularly enhanced. A possible route is enhanced HD cooling during the merging of dark-matter halos. The mergers can lead to a high ionization degree catalysing the formation of HD molecules and may cool the gas down to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature. In this paper, we investigate the merging of mini-halos with masses of a few 10$^5$ M$_\odot$ and explore the feasibility of this scenario. We have performed three-dimensional cosmological hydrodynamics calculations with the ENZO code, solving the thermal and chemical evolution of the gas by employing the astrochemistry package KROME. Our results show that the HD abundance is increased by two orders of magnitude compared to the no-merging case and the halo cools down to $\sim$60 K triggering fragmentation. Based on Jeans estimates the expected stellar masses are about 10 M$_\odot$. Our findings show that the merging scenario is a potential pathway for the formation of low-mass stars.


This nal writing, discussing about how to create web pages that contain about 6.0 Author ware using programming lan- guages ??HTML, Active Server Pages andMultimedia Flash 5.0. This website is created in an eort to assist students (users) in learning. To improve the quality of Human Re- sources then the learning process is not necessarily limited by space and time. Website that contains teaching materials are oered as an alternative learning outside the classroom. This nal writing discusses about how to create an exciting learning system, so that in use or in absorbing knowledge in it, users can quickly understand and easy to remember the contents of the material. It is very important is how to create an attractive front display, so users who visit would be interested, so visit the front page (homepage) of the web. Penamaan File: 50400064


Since the inauguration of the civil religion debate in the United States in 1967, it has been argued that the religious dimension of American presidency should be understood as a kind of civil reli ...


The mean-variance capital-asset-pricing model forms the basis for much of the theoretical and empirical work in modern financial economics. While this model defines the relevant measure of the risk of a security β in a general equilibrium context, the relationship between this measure and the microeconomic variables of a firm has not been studied in the literature. This paper develops a model of the firm under uncertainty and derives the relationship between systematic risk and such firm variables as monopoly power, demand elasticity, and the labor-capital ratio. The general conclusions are surprisingly robust and point to several interesting empirically testable hypotheses.


Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes severe lung inflammation and injury, particularly in children. Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) was confirmed to be effective in protecting the lung against injury. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of Sirt3 on influenza development in children. Methods: The Sirt3 level in serum samples from IAV-infected children and lung epithelial cells were detected using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot assays. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometry assays. Virus titration was conducted by determining TCID50. Cell inflammatory response was detected by a battery of inflammatory cytokines. The contents of ROS and ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential level, and oxygen-consumption rate were examined to reflect on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The activity of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) was measured by colorimetry. Results: Sirt3 was downregulated in IAV-infected children's serum samples and BEAS-2B cells. Overexpression of Sirt3 alleviated IAV replication and IAV-induced inflammatory injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in lung epithelial cells. Moreover, upregulation of Sirt3 deacetylated SOD2 and PARP-1 and inhibited the PARP-1 activity. Notably, the Sirt3 inhibitor (3-TYP) and PARP-1 activity agonist (nicotinamide) reversed the effects of Sirt3 overexpression on IAV replication and IAV-induced injury. Conclusion: Overexpression of Sirt3 attenuated IAV-evoked inflammatory injury and mitochondrial oxidative stress through the inhibition of PARP-1 activity in lung epithelial cells.


Absorption lines at high redshift in front of quasars are rare in the mm domain. Only five associated and five intervening systems are known. These bring very useful information complementary to emission lines, for instance, to distinguish between inflows and outflows. They are also good candidates to study the variations of the fundamental constants. We report here the search for molecules in emission and absorption in front of a sample of 30 targets, comprising 16 associated and 14 intervening HI 21-cm absorbers. The observations have been done with the IRAM-30m telescope, simultaneously at 3mm and 2mm, exploring CO ladder and HCO+ lines. Eight targets have been detected in emission, of which five are new. Their molecular gas masses range from 10^9 to 7 10^11 Mo. We also report four new detections in absorption. Two of the associated CO absorption line detections at high redshift (z=1.211 and 1.275) resulted from the high spatial resolution follow-up with NOEMA. The disparity between the mm molecular and HI 21-cm absorption lines for these and another intervening system detected in HNC at z = 1.275, is attributable to radio and mm sight lines tracing different media. Comparing HI and H2 in the 14 known high redshift molecular absorbers, associated HI absorption lines are broad, with multiple components and the molecular absorption corresponds to the broader and weaker 21-cm absorption component. This indicates two distinct phases: one near galaxy centers with a larger CO-to-HI abundance ratio, and another with lower molecular abundance in the outer regions of the galaxy. The comparison of interferometric and single dish observations shows that the detection of absorption requires sufficient spatial resolution to overcome the dilution by emission, and will be an important criterion for mm follow-up of 21-cm absorbers from ongoing large-scale surveys.


1. Michael E. A. Cunningham, MD*
2. Kristin M. Burns, MD*,†

1. *Division of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC

2. †Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD

A 3-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department for a persistent cough and difficulty breathing. He was born at 34 weeks' gestation after preterm labor and a complete course of maternal betamethasone. His mother had diet-controlled gestational diabetes. A maternal first cousin died of an unspecified cause in early infancy. His birthweight was 2,717 g. He required brief continuous positive air pressure therapy, but he weaned to room air within 24 hours. His NICU course was prolonged due to hypotonia and poor oral motor coordination. Results of brain magnetic resonance imaging, 2 metabolic screens, and Prader-Willi gene testing were normal. His swallow study demonstrated poor coordination, without aspiration. After 7 weeks, he was discharged home on bolus nasogastric feeds. He is tolerating the nasogastric feeds, with normal wet diapers. There are no sick contacts.

On examination, he is afebrile, normotensive, fully saturated, tachypneic, and in mild distress. He weighs 5,500 g, with a length of 24 in (60 cm) and a head circumference measuring 15 in (39 cm) (age adjusted to the 80th, 90th, and 40th percentiles, respectively). He is nondysmorphic, with a soft fontanelle. He has moderate intercostal retractions with transmitted upper airway sounds. Cardiac auscultation reveals a regular rate and rhythm with a soft systolic ejection murmur with no gallops. He has normal capillary refill and strong femoral pulses. The abdomen is soft and without hepatosplenomegaly. Neurologic examination reveals diffuse hypotonia, severe head lag, and …


: Al-Cu alloy is widely used in automobile, shipbuilding, construction, aerospace and other fields because of its low density, good strength and forming process. With the continuous development of new technologies, higher requirements were put forward for aluminum alloys' toughness and high-temperature performance. By adding alloying elements, a stable high temperature resistant strengthening phase is precipitated in the aluminum alloy, and the dispersion strengthening effect is enhanced by controlling the solidification process and heat treatment measures, so that the matrix is stabilized and the grain boundary is strengthened. In addition, considering the cost of large-scale production, it is necessary to reduce the production cost of heat-resistant aluminum alloys. This article focuses on the Al-Cu series heat-resistant aluminum alloys, discusses the research progress of this series of aluminum alloys from the effects of trace elements and heat treatment processes, and proposes the development direction of Al-Cu series heat-resistant aluminum alloys.


This study investigates the microstructural variation in the hypereutectic Al-Si strips produced by the unequal-diameter twin-roll strip casting process. Experimental parameters include the silicon content (13wt% ~ 20wt%), roller speed (10.0 m/min ~ 30 m/min), pouring temperature (580°C ~ 660°C), contact angles (22° ~ 45°), and the addition of the refining elements (Ti, B and P). The solidification structure of hypereutectic Al-Si strip is a multi-layer structure, and two kinds of matrix microstructure can be observed in the refined strip; namely eutectic and off-eutectic structure. The off-eutectic structure (Al-dendrites and granular eutectic silicon) is distributed near the strip's surface, and the eutectic structure (equiaxed Al-grain and acicular eutectic silicon) is located in the centre of strip. Due to the formation of the off-eutectic structure near to the top surface, the primary silicon particle is constrained in the subsurface of the refined strip. In addition, the primary silicon particles of refined strip disperse more uniform than the unrefined strip. According to the above results, the top surface of the refined strip is more smooth than the unrefined strip.


Tracheal intubation has long been regarded as the gold standard in airway management. Although this has been debated in the context of prehospital emergency airway management,1 there are undoubtedly a number of advantages to securing the airway with a cuffed tracheal tube.

Subsequently, a number of different devices have evolved to assist with difficult airway management. Alternative airways to the tracheal tube that do not involve seeing the vocal cords directly (supraglottic airways) are becoming increasingly popular, and in situations where tracheal intubation is to be attempted, devices that assist in the visualisation of the vocal cords have been embraced with enthusiasm by many prehospital and hospital providers …


In the process of coal mining, workers (both in mines and open pits) are exposed to a whole range of factors. However, studies aimed at in-depth analysis of DNA damage in miners, are still few. In this review, we analyze the results of cytogenetic studies conducted in various coal mining companies in the world. Results of studies show a significant accumulation of chromosomal aberrations in miners' blood cells, sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei and DNA strand breaks, detected by DNA comets. This illustrates the need for similar studies in Kuzbass and the feasibility of developing and implementing protective measures and prevention programmes for miners, aimed at protecting their genomes.


Executive Summary NSA, the DOE Office of Science, and the DOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) (in this document, these latter two organizations are referred to as "DOE") recognize the imperative to develop new mechanisms for engagement with the vendor community, particularly on architectural innovations with strategic value to USG HPC. Project 38 is an interagency collaboration between NSA and the DOE, focusing on a set of vendor-agnostic architectural explorations. These explorations are intended to accomplish the following:


The GPS-Navstar results of rock mass state observation at Vega mining are given; the possibility of development of geomechanical and geodynamic processes for estimation of its impact on underground storages is justified.


In order to improve the precision of detection signal and predigest the constructive circuit of digital lock-in amplifier(DLIA),oversampling was applied in DLIA and a quick algorithm was presented to deal with the problem of a mass of data caused by oversampling in this paper,which reduced data memory largely and promoted the speed of operation rapidly.The results show that this method increases DLIA's precision,reduces its volume and raises the capability/price ratio without high performance microprocessor,and can be applied in weak signal detection widely.


We apply a simple statistical method to estimating the completeness of quasar surveys. It requires that an area has been covered by two or more, preferably different, selection techniques. We use three suitable data sets with separate selections from the following: variability and UV excess (170 quasars); objective prism and UV excess (141 quasars); and multicolor and X-ray (ROSAT, 19 quasars). We find that, for selection by UV excess, the common limit of U-B≤-0.35±-0.05 leads to losses of ~35%, typically missing low-luminosity (MB≳-24.5) quasars, independently of redshift. Systematic incompleteness will therefore affect the new generation of large quasar surveys that select by U-B≤-0.35. By correcting for this incompleteness, we find from the first data set (B<21.0 and z<2.2) that the evolution of the quasar luminosity function (LF) is best described by joint luminosity and density evolution. When extrapolated to z=0, the LF matches that of local Seyfert galaxies better than any previous determination. The LF shows an increase in the number of low-luminosity quasars at low redshifts and of brighter quasars at intermediate redshifts, relative to the 1990 LF of Boyle and coworkers. This result is consistent with models in which quasars fade from an initial bright phase.


Acknowledgments vii Introduction: Putting Liberalism in Its Place 1 PART I: CULTURAL STUDY AND LIBERALISM 29 Chapter 1: The Architecture of the Liberal World 33 Chapter 2: A Brief Genealogy of American Liberalism 66 Chapter 3: The Instabilities of Liberalism 113 PART II: LOVE AND POLITICS 143 Chapter 4: The Faculties of the Soul: Beyond Reason and Interest 145 Chapter 5: The Erotic Body 183 Chapter 6: The Autonomy of the Political in the Modern Nation-State 228 Conclusion: The Future of the Nation-State 291 Index 315


Objective: To determine the chemical constituents of Ixeris sonchifolia(Bge.) Hance.Methods: The compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.Results: Seven compounds were isolated from the chloroform and n-butanol extracts of I.sonchifolia,and determined as lirioresinol-A(1),luteolin(2),apigenin(3),protocatechuic acid ethyl ester(4),vanillin(5),4'-hydroxy cinnamic acid(6) and vanillic acid(7),respectively.Conclusion: Compounds 4 and 7 are isolated from this plant for the first time.


The algorithm presented in this research article extracts and delineates the water areas using IRS-1C LISS III images. Methods available in the literature are biased with user-defined thresholds. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to provide accurate information about surface water. Initially, the input image is subjected to colour transformation clustering to extract all the similar hydrological characteristics geo-spatial features in the picture. Every cluster is then submitted to surface water detection by considering spectral information. Finally, the surface water bodies are outlined with sharp inter-regional boundaries and made visually vibrant. Thus the task of identification of water bodies is made simple, accurate and easy for the user with satisfactory qualitative analysis. Results obtained are compared with statistics obtained by structural filtering, NDVI method, and spectral segmentation method. The excellent potential surface water areas can be extracted by using the proposed method.


Even the most robust autonomous behaviors can fail. The goal of this research is to both recover and collect data from failures, during autonomous task execution, so they can be prevented in the future. We propose haptic intervention for real-time failure recovery and data collection. Elly is a system that allows for seamless transitions between autonomous robot behaviors and human intervention while collecting sensory information from the human's recovery strategy. The system and our design choices were experimentally validated on a single arm task -- installing a lightbulb in a socket -- and a bimanual task -- screwing a cap on a bottle -- using two 7-DOF manipulators equipped 4-finger grippers. In these examples, Elly achieved over 80% task completion during a total of 40 runs.


When teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) is planted on acrisols in Northeast Thailand, its growth is suppressed by low pH, infertility, and low water holding capacity. To examine materials capable of increasing water holding capacity in soil and improving teak growth, we conducted an experiment with teak seedlings. We selected bentonite, charcoal, and corncob and added these materials at a rate of 4% to sandy soil from northeast Thailand. Teak seedlings were potted on these soils and raised from July 2013 to July 2014. We compared growth, photosynthetic rates, leaf water potential, and concentrations of elements in plant organs among bentonite, charcoal, corncob, and no addition (control) treatments. Water content in the soils was increased for the bentonite and charcoal treatments. Teak seedlings potted in these two conditions did not suffer from drought stress. Comparing the growth traits of the teak seedlings, the charcoal treatment produced larger root growth and promoted the uptake of phosphorus and potassium, whereas the bentonite treatment did not show positive effects on growth or nutrient acquisition. In contrast, the corncob treatment decreased water content in the soil, and teak seedling growth was suppressed. We concluded that charcoal was a useful material to improve teak growth in sandy soils.


Indium (In) is commonly hosted in Sn-rich deposits but rarely reported in Sn-poor deposits. However, an In-rich and Sn-poor skarn deposit, the Qibaoshan Cu-Zn-Pb deposit, has been identified in south China. Geochemical analyses were undertaken on 23 samples representing the following mineral assemblages: sphalerite-pyrite, pyrite-chalcopyrite, pyrite-sphalerite-galena-chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite-pyrite, and magnetite. The results show that In is richest in the sphalerite-pyrite ores, with concentrations of 28.9–203.0 ppm (average 122.8 ppm) and 1000 In/Zn values of 2.7–10.9 (average 7.0). Other ore types in the Qibaoshan deposit are In poor, whereas all are Sn poor (10 to 150 ppm), with most samples having Sn concentrations of ≤70 ppm. Indium is mainly hosted by sphalerite, as inferred from the strong correlation between In and Zn, and weak correlation between In and Sn. Mineral paragenetic relationships indicate sphalerite formed from late quartz-sulfide stage of mineralization processes. Indium in the Qibaoshan deposit is richer in vein-type orebodies than in lenticular-type orebodies occurring at contact zones between carbonate and quartz porphyry, or in carbonate xenoliths. Igneous intrusions that were Sn poor and emplaced at shallow depths formed the In-rich orebodies of the Qibaoshan deposit.


Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) considering the adoption of a congestion pricing policy need to clearly understand several aspects of congestion pricing: (1) What is the rationale for congestion pricing? How does it differ from the traditional fuel tax? (2) How effective is congestion pricing with respect to the MPOs' objectives? (3) What are the critical issues and concerns which must be addressed before implementation can proceed? (4) What types of congestion pricing applications are reasonable in the short term and in the long term? This paper addresses these questions and offers some thoughts on how MPOs can proceed towards implementing this strategy. An MPO may seek to use congestion pricing as a means to achieve any or all of the following objectives: (1) manage congestion; (2) improve air quality; (3) secure adequate funding for transportation investments and services. The paper demonstrates a sketch planning procedure to analyze a congested urban area of about 1.5 million population in order to estimate effectiveness of congestion pricing with respect to the above objectives. The major issues with respect to implementation may be categorized as either technical or political. The paper discusses the major technical issues -- technological compatibility among geographic areas and modes, enforcement, privacy, price determination, and estimation of the impacts of alternatives. Use of the conventional four-step travel demand forecasting models to estimate impacts is demonstrated with a dataset for a small hypothetical urban area. The paper also discusses the political issues, i.e., public acceptance and interjurisdictional cooperation, and a three pronged strategy to help develop public support based on use of revenues from tolls. Congestion pricing can be applied at three successively larger scales: on a facility, within an area or sub-area of the region, and regionwide. The paper discusses how urban areas could begin to test the impacts of differential pricing on existing and new facilities. Also discussed is area pricing, involving pricing within a small geographic area such as a Central Business District or a major suburban activity center, which may be introduced through licensing schemes, cordon tolls or parking pricing. The prospects for regional scale application are projected.


In this paper, we are interested in a cross-layered spectrum scheduling for the secondary network under the spectrum leasing process. The process selects a secondary user to access the released spectrum, independent of the user who has participated in the cooperative primary transmission. At first, a cross-layer analysis to derive a lower bound on the overflow probability of the secondary network is given. It will be the achievable optimal probability of overflow for the secondary network. The result leads us to introduce the cross-layer secondary user selection method which is based on α-algorithms. While physical layer based approaches conventionally take the channel state into account, the cross-layer secondary user selection method considers both the achievable rate and the queue-length of each secondary user. We show that the cross-layer approach can be considered as a sub-optimal solution to achieve the optimal probability of overflow. Simulation results are presented to validate our analysis and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed approach.


This report presents social and economic characteristics of the US population below the poverty level in 1986, based on the March 1987 Current Population Survey. The poverty definition consists of a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition. The average poverty threshold for a family of 4 was $11,203 in 1986 and $10,989 in 1985. The number of persons below the poverty level was 32.4 million in 1986 and the poverty rate was 14.6%. The number of poor in 1986 was not statistically different from the 1985 figure, but was below the recent peak of 35.3 million recorded in 1983. Whites represented 69% of the poor in 1986, Blacks represented 28%, and the remainder were persons of other races (principally Asians and American Indians). The poverty rate for persons of Hispanic origin (who may be of any race) was 27% in 1987. The number of poor and the poverty rates in the Northeast and Midwest Regions declined between 1985 and 1986, but there were no significant changes in the South or West. The number of poor families in 1986 was about 7 million, not significantly different from the 1985 figure. Persons in families represented 76% of the poor in 1986 and persons living alone or with nonrelatives represented 21%. The poverty rate in 1986 was about 20% for related children under 18 years old in families and 12% for persons 65 years and older. The 1986 poverty rate was higher in central cities of metropolitan areas and in nonmetropolitan areas than in the suburbs (about 8%). 1/2 of poor family householders worked at some time during 1986, and 17% worked year-round, full-time. In 1986, the average amount of additional money needed to raise the incomes of poor families above their respective poverty threshold was about $4400; for unrelated individuals the comparable figure was about $2500.


The development, implementation, and control of strategy require quality management accounting information. Management accounting information is the much needed input for making effective strategic decisions, and subsequently superior performance. Though there are numerous studies on management accounting information in the Western economies, this particular area of accounting is yet to receive greater research attention in Malaysia. This paper is an attempt to investigate the strategic management accounting informationamong Malaysian Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and its linkage with the performance of the firms. The study covered 61 firms that are operating in the state of Penang, Kedah and Perlis, located in the Northern Peninsular of Malaysia. Descriptive and correlation analyses were used to analyze the data obtained from the firms. The findings of the study showed that the SMEs that participated in the study frequently prepared strategic management accounting information particularly those with costing and pricing implications. More importantly the findings of the study revealed that there is a link between strategic management accounting information and performance of the SMEs.


This paper discusses accuracy improvements to Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling of supersonic flow by assessing a wide range of factors for physics capture. Numerical simulations reveal complex flow behavior resulting from shock and expansion waves and so, a supersonic jet emanating from rectangular nozzle is considered. PIV based experimental data for the jet is available from literature and is used for validation purposes. Effect of various boundary conditions and turbulence modeling approaches is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Of particular interest are the inlet conditions considering the turbulence intensity and the effect of upstream air supply duct, the effect of nozzle wall surface roughness on nozzle internal flow and downstream, wall y+ sensitivity for boundary layer resolution and laminar to turbulent transition modeling. In addition to mesh sensitivity, domain dependency is conducted to evaluate the appropriate domain size to capture the kinetic energy dissipation downstream of the nozzle. To further improve the flow characteristics, accounting for the anisotropy of Reynolds stresses is also one of the focuses. Therefore, non-linear eddy viscosity-based two-equation model and Reynolds stress transport model are also investigated. Additionally, the results of baseline linear (Boussinesq) RANS are compared. Corresponding comparisons with high-fidelity LES are presented. Jet self-similar behavior resulting from all simulation fidelities is assessed and it appears that turbulent flow in LES becomes self-similar, but not in RANS. Finally, various factors such as the nozzle geometry and numerical modeling choices influencing the anisotropy in jet turbulence are discussed.


The view of literacy education for young children and literacy teaching practices in kindergartens The paper presents a brief summary of the view of lteracy education and the reality of instructing literacy for young chidren. The purpose of the study is to explore the link between theory and practice, the viability and effectiveness of the educational methods in kindergartens.


Because of the traditional mode of subject-object mode,the teacher and students have no enough dialogue which affects the teaching effect of "Ideological and Moral Cultivation and the Legal Basis".We need to pay attention to the people's subjectivity and develop dialogue education,such as educators-educational material dialogue;educators and recipients;self-study of the educated-in order to improve the charm of the basic course.


For implementing dynamic aggregation of dispersive Geography Markup Language( GML) geospatial data, a aggregation mapping model based on GeoRSS standards was proposed considering the openness, self-description and dispersion characteristics of GML. A four-tier integrating framework of prototype architechture and its workflow were generated to utilize the above model to construct the related program. Then a aggregation prototype system was designed and developed for aggregating dispersive GML spatial data according to the system architechture. Based on this prototype system, the related experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of GML geospatial data aggregation, and confirm the correctness and availablity of the model. This prototype can help users to quikly find the GML geospatial data from the massive Geographic Information System( GIS) data, to achieve selection, analysis and classification of the existing data, as well as the instant updating and aggregating integration.


A simple two-step stereospecific synthesis of pure n-B18H22 from decaborane is reported via protonolysis of the B11H14– ion: a possible reaction pathway involves both B11H13L and B9H13L species.


The ubiquitous Eew! Factor–an excited disgust–is layered. Its tangled experiential and constitutive dimensions unfold when the Eew! Factor is examined through the lens of sexual countertransference; sexual countertransference through affect, abjection, and intersubjectivity; and sex itself through all of them. Taking the perspective that sex is neither psychic bedrock nor diagnostic sign, this essay examines three expired, not entirely successful, cases in which this sexual disturbance, which all clinicians, like as not have experienced at one time or another, appeared. Receiving particular attention are matters of transference-countertransference lust and erotic unknowing; racism in the clinical setting; and shame, embarrassment, and humiliation in relation to gender and sexuality.


With the growth in Internet and digital technology, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Telemedicine have become buzzwords in healthcare. A large number of medical images and information is shared through a public network in these applications. This paper proposes a region-based hybrid Medical Image Watermarking (MIW) scheme to ensure the authenticity, authorization, integrity, and confidentiality of the medical images transmitted through a public network in IoMT. In the proposed scheme, medical images are partitioned into Region of Interest (RoI) and Region of Non-Interest (RoNI). To ascertain integrity of RoI, tamper detection and recovery bits are embedded in RoI in the medical image. RoI is watermarked using adaptive Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution with respect to the hiding capacity map for higher RoI imperceptibility and accuracy in tamper detection and recovery. Electronic Patient Record (EPR) is compressed using Huffman coding and encrypted using a pseudo-random key (secret key) to provide higher confidentiality and payload. QR code of hospital logo, Encrypted EPR, and RoI recovery bits are interleaved in RoNI using Discrete Wavelet Transform-Singular Value Decomposition (DWT-SVD) hybrid transforms to achieve a robust watermark. The proposed scheme is tested under various geometric and non-geometric attacks such as filtering, compression, rotation, salt and pepper noise and shearing. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has high imperceptibility, robustness, security, payload, tamper detection, and recovery accuracy under image processing attacks. Therefore, the proposed scheme can be used in the transmission of medical images and EPR in IoMT. Relevance of the proposed scheme is established by its superior performance in comparison to some of the popular existing schemes.


This study analyzed 1103 cycles of assisted reproductive technology underdoing either intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) only or ICSI with preimplantation genetic screening (ICSI+PGS). The primary objective was to find the key factors resulting in cancellation of ICSI+PGS cycles. The embryos were cultured in one step media to the blastocyst stage. The trophectoderm biopsies were performed on day-5 or day-6 and the embryos were vitrified. Upon receiving PGS results and availability of at least one euploid embryo, patients were prepared for frozen embryo transfer. The patients were grouped into ≤35, 36-39, 40-42, 43-46 and 47-48 yrs. Out of 1103 cycles, 826 cycles were in ICSI and 129 in ICSI+PGS group, from which 79 cases were cancelled. The cancellation rate increased with increase in the age category. The key factors for ICSI+PGS cycle cancellation were advanced female age and availability of <5 mature oocytes. Other reasons included poor oocyte quality, increased abnormal fertilization and availability of no motile sperm. The study proposes to optimize ovarian stimulation to retrieve about 15 oocytes per retrieval for a success ICSI+PGS cycle if trophectoderm biopsy is to be performed. In advanced age or poor responders, multiple retrievals may be needed to obtain enough blastocyst for PGS. The study highlights that counseling of patients undergoing ICSI+PGS should include not only success rates with PGS, but also information on the factors that may result in cycle cancellation. Therefore, prior to initiation of treatment it is essential to ensure that the patient has clearly understood the advantages and disadvantages of PGS and is prepared for all possible cycle outcomes.


Abstract Increasing exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) contributes to increased soil dispersion and swelling of clay, which reduces the infiltration rate and increases runoff. Synthetic polymers are available that may decrease soil dispersion. A study was conducted to determine the effect of three polymers dissolved in water at 10 or 50 mg L‐1 concentrations and applied through a rainfall simulator on the infiltration rate, erosion, and soil migration through the layer of a soil at ESP equal to 8.5 and 30.6. The polymers were a cationic polysaccharide and two anionic polyacrylamides with different negative charge densities. The infiltration rate decreased with time and approached a final steady‐state infiltration rate (FIR). The runoff water and associated sediment were captured and measured. Water coming through the soil layer and the amount of particulates contained in the water were measured. The FIR was significantly lower for the soil at ESP equal to 30.6 than at ESP equal to 8.5. There was no stat...


Initiated in 1999 through the signing of the Bologna Declaration, the Bologna Process wards creating a European Higher Education Area (EHEA) by 2010.


This was a resort of a rare case of congenital fourth nerve palsy, its clinical signs and management. A6-year-old boycame withthe chief complaint of deviation of his eyes and abnormal head position since he was born. Visual acuityare 6/6 both eyes. At primaryposition, vertical deviation as 15 prism diopter hypertropia was present in the left eye. Bielschowsky Three Step Test revealed left superioroblique palsy with minimal inferior oblique overaction. This patient was diagnosed with congenital fourth nerve palsy. Ipsilateralinferior oblique weakening with recession and anteriorization procedure was performed in this patient and shows satisfying results.In conclusion Our case represents a rare case of congenital fourth nerve palsy managed with surgical procedures


Background: Educate and influence the educated from the ideological, political and moral levels, cultivate the abilities of college students in all aspects, improve the comprehensive quality of college students, and make them develop into the social practice activities of people needed by a certain class or society. As a theoretical discipline, psychology studies human psychological phenomena. At the same time, as an applied discipline, psychology also plays a great role in the study of spiritual function and behavior. It explores the law of the occurrence, development and change of psychological phenomena through the study of psychological process, psychological structure, psychological brain mechanism, the occurrence and development of psychological phenomena, psychology and environment. Ideological and political education and psychology are interrelated and different, both consistent


Abstract This paper reports on a four‐year effort by a university and a school district to implement a staff development plan for their bilingual education programs. It demonstrates that the university's three major functions of service, teaching and research need not be separated from the public needs. Staff development services provide opportunity for theory‐based teacher training and for action research on the validation and demonstration of teaching delivery, learning behaviours and English as a second language acquisition. It also presents a profile of features for the design and execution of such plan. One important feature is the commitment of the university and the district, their administration and selected faculty, to conduct a staff development plan for teachers of language minority students. For the university administration it meant for its School of Education to consider staff development as an integral part of the institution's functions which was evidenced by the assignment of this author'...


Observations of the time dependence of the enhanced plasma line power during high power inospheric modification experiments at Arecibo, with a resolution of 1ms, sometimes showed 5--10 ms long pulses recurring very nearly periodically every 20--50 ms. Other observations of the slower variations of power at Arecibo show the gradual disappearance of the plasma line overshoot as the HF pulsing was changed from 0.5-s on 5.5-s off to 0.5-s on 19.5-s off, and its gradual reappearance as the pulsing was changed back to 0.5-s on, 5.5-s off. Observations of the height dependence of the enhanced plasma line spectrum were also made. They showed that the decay line with its cascade and the OTSI line all originated at the same narrow range of heights which observations by others showed to be near and just below the theoretical height of reflection of the pump wave rather than, as was previously believed, at the considerably lower height where the dispersion relation of the Langmuir waves detected by the radar is satisfied in the unperturbed medium. The possibility of interpretation of the observations in terms of existing theories is considered and the need for further theoretical and experimental work is pointed out. /copyright/ Americanmore » Geophysical Union 1989« less


Abstract 4061 Introduction The rate of relapse in multiple myeloma (MM) remains high despite novel therapies such as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (panobinostat and vorinostat) in combination with bortezomib have demonstrated activity in patients (pts) with relapsed and refractory MM. However, pan-HDAC inhibitors target multiple HDAC enzymes, including HDAC6 and Class 1 enzymes, and are associated with adverse effects such as severe fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and myelosuppression. HDAC6 regulates acetylation of cytoplasmic tubulin, an essential component of aggresome formation in an alternative pathway to the proteasome to remove unfolded or misfolded proteins. Therefore selective inhibition of HDAC6 may lead to efficacy in MM with an improved safety profile. Rocilinostat is a novel selective inhibitor of HDAC6 with 11-fold selectivity over Class 1 HDACs. Preclinical results in models of MM demonstrate synergy between bortezomib and rocilinostat (Blood 119(11):2579-89) and a superior safety profile compared with pan-HDAC inhibitors. We examined the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and preliminary activity of rocilinostat, alone and in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, in pts with relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM. Methods Patients with relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM, previously exposed to both proteasome inhibitor and immunomodulatory agents, were enrolled in an ongoing, 3-part, phase I/II, single-arm, open-label study. A group sequential dose-escalation design was used to identify optimal dosing of rocilinostat alone (Part 1) and in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone (Part 2), followed by evaluation of the objective response rate and safety of the combination (Part 3). In Part 1, pts received single oral daily doses of rocilinostat for 5 consecutive days during Weeks 1 (Days 1–5) and 2 (Days 8–12) every 3 weeks, with a starting dose of 40 mg and planned escalation to 80, 160, 240, 360, and 480 mg. Part 2 began in parallel after completion of the third monotherapy cohort, with a starting dose of 40 mg rocilinostat plus bortezomib 1.0 mg/m2twice weekly (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) and 20 mg dexamethasone given on the day of and day after each bortezomib dose. Pharmacokinetics were assessed on Days 1, 4, 8, 11 and 15 and pharmacodynamics in blood mononuclear cells were measured on Day 1. Patients received up to 6 cycles of therapy, or more if experiencing clinical benefit. Available data are for the first 4 monotherapy cohorts (40, 80, 160, 240 mg) and the initial 3 pts in the first combination cohort (16 pts total). Results Of the 16 pts, 13 were treated with monotherapy and 3 with combination. Median age was 70 yrs (range: 51–79), and 56% of pts were male. The majority of pts were either white (8, 50%) or black (7, 44%). Fourteen pts had relapsed/refractory MM and 2 had relapsed disease; 88% of pts received ≥ 3 prior treatments. Patients received a median of 2 cycles of rocilinostat (range: 1–10). Monotherapy was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and mostly grade 1–2 adverse events (AEs). The most common AEs with monotherapy were elevated creatinine, diarrhea, fatigue, and upper respiratory tract infection (n=3 each). Grade 3/4 treatment-related AEs on monotherapy occurred in 1 pt (grade 3 anemia). In the first combination cohort, 1 pt had a DLT (elevated amylase). Five monotherapy pts had stable disease. One combination pt with relapsed/refractory disease had a 26% reduction of serum M protein at Cycle 2. Rocilinostat was rapidly absorbed (Table) and displayed approximately dose-linear pharmacokinetics with no accumulation of drug. Maximal levels of acetylated tubulin in peripheral blood were observed 1 hr post dose. The magnitude of the signal increased with dose and exposure (Table), with all cohort 3 pts having at least a doubling of acetylated tubulin levels. Conclusion Preliminary results from this first clinical evaluation of rocilinostat suggest that selective inhibition of HDAC6 with rocilinostat, alone or in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone, may provide a well-tolerated treatment option for relapsed or relapsed/refractory MM. Updated data will be presented. Disclosures: Raje:Onyx: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Millennium: Consultancy; Acetylon: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Eli-Lilly: Research Funding. Hari:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria. Vogl:Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Millennium/Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Otsuka: Consultancy; Acetylon: Research Funding. Jagannath:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Milenium Pharm: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Merck Sharp & Dohme: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx Pharm: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Supko:Acetlon: Research Funding. Wheeler:Acetylon: Employment.


The purpose of this study is to analyses the personal scientifi c production of Montenegrin sports sciences researchers, as well as trend of publication within Montenegrin sports sciences journals. This investigation subject included the studies published in the period from 2002 to 2017 that have been focused on the sports sciences issues. The electronic databases (Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched for research articles available until 6 September 2018. Then research fi ndings were summarized in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the number of citation, h-index, i10-index as well as number of documents by authors were presented respectively. Results of this study indicated that the sports sciences researchers rapidly increased the number of publications from 2002 to 2017 and switch the writing language from Montenegrin to English, especially in last fi ve years. The number of citations span from 100 and 2800 within most of researchers, while h-index and i10-index span from 4 to 30 in most cases in Google Scholar database, while the same researchers were cited quite lesser in Scopus and Web of Science databases. On the other hand, in Google Scholar database, there are three registered Montenegrin journals: Sport Mont journal (over 1000 articles published since 2002) is the most cited one with highest h-index (16), Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (over 80 articles) is the best ranked Montenegrin journal, while Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education (over 40 articles) was established in 2017 and the relevant analyses could not be possible to be completed, while the analyses in Scopus and Web of Science were conducted for the Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and it was reached quite lower score too. It was indicated the highest impact was recognized in the last years, regarding to citations of available articles published by Montenegrin authors, as well as writing style of articles published in English. Hence, the further deployment is expected in upcoming period.


The Fecal Coliform Bacteria(FCB) in the shellfishes and seawater of Pozao Island in Zhangzhou were investigated during September 2007 to September 2008.At the same time,the comparative analysis of shellfish was conducted by collecting from the waters near the island of Haimen.The research results showed that the FCB on the surrounding waters around Pozao Island of Zhangzhou was more than GB 3097-1997 by the second category standard(≤ 2000个/ L) of water quality standards,and the FCB's pollution was not severe on the surrounding waters.Fecal coliform cultured oysters are in line with GB 18421-2001 by the first category(≤ 3000个/ kg) standard of marine biological quality standards,and the FCB's over-limit ratio in the shellfishes around the island of Haimen was 80%,the shellfishes were polluted.


Ian Tattersall is a curator emeritus at the American Museum of Natural History. He has worked on lemur systematics and ecology as well as paleoanthropology, where his special interest is in hominid diversity and cognitive evolution.


Objective To explore the sterilization effect of two different ways to wash and sterilize reusable ICU ventilator pipes.Methods 30 complete sets of reusable ventilator pipelines and humidifiers in the control group were sterilized with 5% chlorine disinfectant,another 30 sets with fully automatic washer disinfector at economic program as the first observation group and the last 30 sets as the second observation group with fully automatic washer disinfector plus steam sterilization.The samples from circuits and humidifiers were cultured before and after sterilization and the numbers of bacterium colony forming unit(CFU) were counted.The bacterium-killing rate and positive rate were compared between them.Results(1)Before sterilization,the positive rates of all groups were 100% and the colonies exceeded 10 000 cfu/cm2 and 290 000~690 000 cfu/ml in number in the pipes and in the humidifiers,respectively.(2)After sterilization,the bacterium-killing rates of all groups met the standard.(3)3 days after sterilization,the positive rate of the second observation group was zero,better than other two groups(P0.05),but there were no difference between the control group and the first observation group(P0.05).Conclusion The ventilator pipes and humidifiers after continuous use are severely contaminated.The three methods are effective for their sterilization,but the method by fully automatic washer disinfector plus steam sterilization is the best.


Background: With the blowout of programming languages, developers employ different languages to solve similar problems (e.g., to implement machine learning algorithms) separately and frequently, which gives rise to knowledge transfer across different language development. Since GitHub provides an issue tracking system for developers and users to follow with issues, knowledge about how to deal with issues is a main part of available knowledge on GitHub. Such issue knowledge could be directly transferred to help developers handle new issues on current projects from similar projects in different languages. Aims: Inspired by a large amount of developed and developing machine learning software written in Python and R on GitHub, we aim to discover how much issue knowledge can be transferred from Python projects to R projects. Method: We investigate totally 1161 issues from 15 popular machine learning projects in R and 7496 issues from ScikitLearn in Python on GitHub. After computing the text similarity between issues from R and Python projects, we match top 5 similar Scikit-Learn issues for each R issue and manually judge 1161×5 issue-pairs to label and group them. Results: We observe that a) 13% (149/1161) of R issues can refer to related Python issues; b) 47% (71/149) of related R issues can be linked to Python issues by the text mining technique BM25 at the very early stage; c) 83% (124/149) of related Python issues support code and description about the similar machines learning problems; d) reference knowledge is considered as the most useful knowledge from Python issues. Conclusion: We put forward the following suggestions: a) referring to the corresponding cross languages issues is an efficient way for developers, especially there is the lack of related information in current language; b) the text mining technique BM25 is helpful for developers to start earlier for searching similar issues cross languages.


The repair efficiency of fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) is crucially linked to bond strength between FRP and concrete. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) technique is employed for the prediction of FRP–concrete bond strength based on more than 440 data points collected from literature work for training and testing of the proposed ANNs model. Such a model facilitates investigating the effect of various key parameters in controlling the bond. These are concrete compressive strength, maximum aggregate size, FRP thickness and modulus of elasticity, FRP‐to‐concrete length and width ratios, and adhesive tensile strength. The proposed ANNs model shows high fitting and prediction capability of training and testing data, respectively, with low mean square errors. Its accuracy of prediction far exceeds that of literature empirical models. Furthermore, the present comparative and sensitivity study of the predicted bond strength promotes the understanding of the impact of the above key parameters.


Iran's nuclear issue is considered one of the factors that has shaped the regional dynamic in the Arab Gulf sub-region because it is a major factor that might affect the perception of the other side players in the region, international, and regional actors. This matter represents a challenge to the security of the Gulf States. This started to change after the signing of the nuclear deal known as the "Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action" (JCPOA), but then, upon the withdrawal of the Trump administration from this agreement in May 2018, regional alignments began to be reformed. It is within this context that this article tries to answer the following question: How does the American withdrawal from the JCPOA affect the stability in the region and change the stand of the Gulf countries and other regional states? This study is based on the following hypotheses. The withdrawal of the American administration from the nuclear deal, and its imposition of a "maximum pressure" policy, represented a turning point in the vision of the region and has again cast the shadow of the Cold War over the Gulf area. The American withdrawal from the nuclear deal is an independent variable, while the regional security system and the policy of the Gulf States toward this deal is the dependent variable.


Because of the more restrictive placement and routing constraints in Xilinx FPGA designs, conventional physical design tools for general placement and routing architectures usually do not work well for FPGA designs. Moreover, to generate high quality circuits which are easy to place and route, it is important to consider the specific physical design constraints during the technology mapping process. The authors first present a performance driven placement algorithm specifically developed for the Xilinx FPGAs. They then present a new placement driven technology mapping algorithm which uses placement information to guide the mapping process.<<ETX>>


NiO nanoparticle has been synthesized by a greener method using Polianthes tuberosa plant extract. The nanoparticle was characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD and SEM instrumental techniques. The absorption band appeared at 269 nm in UV-Visible spectrum supported the formation of NiO nanoparticles. The IR spectrum analysis showed a broad band at 554 cm-1 characteristics of NiO nanoparticles. From the XRD results, the crystalline size and shape of NiO nanoparticles was determined to be 3.23 nm with a face centered cubic crystal. The NiO nanoparticles has been distributed well. From SEM results, the synthesized NiO sample has particle size between 5 and 11 nm range. The cytotoxic results showed significant activity of the synthesized NiO nanoparticles against MM2 and HeLa cells.


Time domain optical surveys have discovered roughly a dozen candidate stellar tidal disruption flares in the last five years, and future surveys like the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will likely find hundreds to thousands more. These tidal disruption events (TDEs) present an interesting puzzle: a majority of the current TDE sample is hosted by rare post-starburst galaxies, and tens of percents of the galaxies are hosted in even rarer E+A galaxies, which make up of all galaxies in the local universe. E+As are therefore overrepresented among TDE hosts by 1–2 orders of magnitude, a discrepancy unlikely to be accounted for by selection effects. We analyze Hubble Space Telescope photometry of one of the nearest E+A galaxies, NGC 3156, to estimate the rate of stellar tidal disruption produced as two-body relaxation diffuses stars onto orbits in the loss cone of the central supermassive black hole. The rate of TDEs produced by two-body relaxation in NGC 3156 is large when compared to other galaxies with similar black hole mass: . This suggests that the preference of TDEs for E+A hosts may be due to central stellar overdensities produced in recent starbursts.


Study was made of the optimum parameters of powder plating method for titanizing of brass, i.e., using a powder mixture containing 45% Ti, 6% NH4Br and the rest Al_2O_3 at 700℃ for 3 h. The corrosion resistance of the most suitable thickness, 20.5 μm, of the titanizing layer seems to be superior to that of bare brass up to 6.4 times, and the hardness reduces about 11%. The microstructures of the titainizing layer, in sequence from surface, are determined by X-ray diffraction analysis as TiZn_2O_4, Ti(Cu, Al)_2, α-CuZn(Ti) and α-CuZn.


In this paper, we solve linear parabolic integral differential equations using the weak Galerkin finite element method (WG) by adding a stabilizer. The semidiscrete and fully-discrete weak Galerkin finite element schemes are constructed. Optimal convergent orders of the solution of the WG in L2 and H1 norm are derived. Several computational results confirm the correctness and efficiency of the method. AMS subject classifications: 65M60, 65M15, 65M12


The Relation of morphometric attributes on body weight for Fenneropenaeus penicillatus was analyzed.Data for this study were collected from 86 Fenneropenaeus penicillatus in Beibu Gulf.Ten attributes of body length,carapace length,carapace height,carapace width,first segment height,first segment width,three segment height,number of upper frontal eminence spine,number of lower frontal eminence spine and body weight were measured.The morphometric attributes were used as independent variables,and body weight was used as a dependent variable for path analysis.The results showed that all Fenneropenaeus penicillatus' six correlation coefficients including body length,carapace length,carapace height,first segment width,third segment height,and number of lower frontal eminence spine,between each morphometric attribute and the weight achieved very significantly different(P 0.01)levels.After analyzing every attribute separately and two attributes on body weight,the determination coefficients indicate that carapace length has the largest determining degree(14.44%);while in the codetermining coefficients,the largest determination degree of body length and carapace length can reach 21.13%.Through this analysis,the best and ideal regression equation of body length,carapace length,carapace height,the first segment height,the third segment height,number of lower frontal eminence spine to the body weight are obtained to estimate Fenneropenaeus merguiensis' body weight.This paper provides a measure guideline to Fenneropenaeus penicillatus' selecting and breeding in aquaculture.


The ability of pyridine N-oxide molecules to form host–guest complexes with p-sulfonatocalix-[5]arene was probed and resulted in the formation of europium complexes incorporating 2- or 4-picoline N-oxide, and 4,4′-dipyridine N,N′-dioxide. Relative to lanthanide complexes of p-sulfonatocalix[5]arene incorporating pyridine N-oxide, the presence of a methyl group on the aromatic ring for the picoline N-oxides, or a larger dipyridine dioxide guest dramatically alters the self-assembly, resulting in the formation of three new supramolecular motifs for the calixarene.


Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common disease of the macula – the area responsible for central vision. With regard to the pathogenesis of AMD, the main focus of most researchers is on the pathological processes occurring in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is considered as the main target of the disease. For the treatment of the "dry" form of the disease, which accounts for about 90% of all AMD cases, up to now no effective treatment methods were elaborated, while in the therapy of the "wet" form, antiangiogenic therapy, photodynamic therapy, and surgical treatment methods have been used with concrete success. Stem cells, possessing enormous therapeutic potential, are gradually being introduced into medical technologies, including ophthalmology. A number of pre-clinical studies have proven the safety of using cultured cells of the RPE, which gave rise to the beginning of clinical trials of the use of stem cells in the treatment of AMD patients. The review analyzes the data of scientific literature on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD, pathogenetically substantiated therapies, including those using cell-based technologies, prospects and problems of using stem cells in the treatment of AMD patients.


In Fall 2013, we began participation in NSF/IEEE TCPP 2013 Early Adopters Program. This paper presents our efforts to incorporate parallel and distributed computing topics into our undergraduate computer science and engineering curriculum with the guide of the IEEE-TCPP model Curriculum. So far, TCPP recommended curriculum has been integrated eight courses, evaluations show our integration effort is successful. Evaluation also shows that practices such as lab/homework assignment effective improve students' conception, and contest club is a necessary complementarity of in-class courses.


Search – the problem of exploring a space of alternatives in order to identify target goals – is a fundamental behaviour for many species. Although its foundation lies in foraging, most studies of human search behaviour have been directed towards understanding the attentional mechanisms that underlie the efficient visual exploration of two-dimensional scenes. With this review, we aim to characterise how search behaviour can be explained across a wide range of contexts, environments, spatial scales, and populations, both typical and atypical. We first consider the generality of search processes across psychological domains. We then review studies of interspecies differences in search. Finally, we explore in detail the individual and contextual variables that affect visual search and related behaviours in established experimental psychology paradigms. Despite the heterogeneity of the findings discussed, we identify that variations in control processes, along with the ability to regulate behaviour as a function of the structure of search space and the sampling processes adopted, to be central to explanations of variations in search behaviour. We propose a tentative theoretical model aimed at integrating these notions and close by exploring questions that remain unaddressed. Do primates flexibly use spatio-temporal cues when foraging? Trapanese, Cinzia; Meunier, Hélène; Masi, Shelly Abstract: Foraging in seasonal environments can be cognitively demanding. Comparative studies have associated large brain size with a frugivorous diet. We investigated the ability of three semi-free ranging primate species with different degrees of frugivory (Ntrials: Macaca tonkeana=419, M. fascicularis=197, Sapajus apella=346) in developing a mental representation of the spatio-temporal distribution of food using foraging experiments. Forty-two boxes were fixed on trees and each week ("season") some of them were filled with fruits which were either highly preferred, or less preferred. Spatial (geometrical panels) and temporal (peel skin of the available fruit) cues were present at each season to indicate where (food location), what (which food) was available, and when. To test the flexible use of the cues in primate foraging behaviour, we first removed the spatial and temporal cues one at a time, and then we manipulated the "seasonal" order of the available fruit. We compared the foraging performances in the absence and the presence of the cues and during the usual and unusual seasonal order. The average proportion of baited boxes chosen by the subjects in presence of both cues was high (between 73-98%) for all species. The primates seemed to remember the spatio-temporal food availability (or used other cues) since no difference was found between trials with or without our spatial and temporal cues. When the usual seasonal pattern was changed, they flexibly adjusted the feeding choice by using the provided temporal cues. We discuss these results also in view of a possible experimental bias. Foraging in seasonal environments can be cognitively demanding. Comparative studies have associated large brain size with a frugivorous diet. We investigated the ability of three semi-free ranging primate species with different degrees of frugivory (Ntrials: Macaca tonkeana=419, M. fascicularis=197, Sapajus apella=346) in developing a mental representation of the spatio-temporal distribution of food using foraging experiments. Forty-two boxes were fixed on trees and each week ("season") some of them were filled with fruits which were either highly preferred, or less preferred. Spatial (geometrical panels) and temporal (peel skin of the available fruit) cues were present at each season to indicate where (food location), what (which food) was available, and when. To test the flexible use of the cues in primate foraging behaviour, we first removed the spatial and temporal cues one at a time, and then we manipulated the "seasonal" order of the available fruit. We compared the foraging performances in the absence and the presence of the cues and during the usual and unusual seasonal order. The average proportion of baited boxes chosen by the subjects in presence of both cues was high (between 73-98%) for all species. The primates seemed to remember the spatio-temporal food availability (or used other cues) since no difference was found between trials with or without our spatial and temporal cues. When the usual seasonal pattern was changed, they flexibly adjusted the feeding choice by using the provided temporal cues. We discuss these results also in view of a possible experimental bias. Two variations and one similarity in memory functions deployed by mice and humans to support foraging Talbot, Spencer; Gerdjikov, Todor; De Lillo, Carlo Abstract: Assessing variations in cognitive function between humans and animals is vital for understanding the idiosyncrasies of human cognition and for refining animal models of human brain function and disease. We determined memory functions deployed by mice and humans to support foraging with a search task acting as a test battery. Mice searched for food from the top of poles within an open-arena. Poles were divided into groups based on visual cues and baited according to different schedules. White and black poles were baited in alternate trials. Striped poles were never baited. The requirement of the task was to find all baits in each trial. Mice's foraging efficiency, defined as the number of poles visited before all baits were retrieved, improved with practice. Mice learnt to avoid visiting un-baited poles across trials (Long-term memory) and revisits to poles within each trial (Working memory). Humans tested with a virtual-reality version of the task outperformed mice in foraging efficiency, working memory and exploitation of the temporal pattern of rewards across trials. Moreover, humans, but not mice, reduced the Abstracts 1070687QJP0010.1177/17470218211070687Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyAbstracts other2021 Assessing variations in cognitive function between humans and animals is vital for understanding the idiosyncrasies of human cognition and for refining animal models of human brain function and disease. We determined memory functions deployed by mice and humans to support foraging with a search task acting as a test battery. Mice searched for food from the top of poles within an open-arena. Poles were divided into groups based on visual cues and baited according to different schedules. White and black poles were baited in alternate trials. Striped poles were never baited. The requirement of the task was to find all baits in each trial. Mice's foraging efficiency, defined as the number of poles visited before all baits were retrieved, improved with practice. Mice learnt to avoid visiting un-baited poles across trials (Long-term memory) and revisits to poles within each trial (Working memory). Humans tested with a virtual-reality version of the task outperformed mice in foraging efficiency, working memory and exploitation of the temporal pattern of rewards across trials. Moreover, humans, but not mice, reduced the Abstracts 1070687QJP0010.1177/17470218211070687Quarterly Journal of Experimental PsychologyAbstracts other2021


Nine insecticides were applied to a fairway at Onondaga C.C. on 29 Apr for control of Japanese beetle grubs. The fairway consisted of Kentucky bluegrass (75%), annual bluegrass (20%), and broadleaf weeds (5%). The experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. Individual plots were 10 ft × 10 ft. Thatch accumulation was ca. 0.5 inch compressed between the fingers. Granular materials were applied with a precalibrated Grandy 2G spreader. Liquid materials were premeasured in the laboratory and applications with 3 gal of water through a watering can. All liquid applications were made in two directions within each plot. At treatment time, the following environmental and soil conditions existed: air temperature 62°F; soil temperature (1 inch, 52°F; (3 inch, 50°F; soil type, sandy loam; soil pH, 6.5; water pH, 6.7; soil moisture, 15.2%. Pretreatment was 12.1 grubs per sq. ft. Posttreatment counts were taken 30 days later (29 May) by cutting a 1 × 10-ft strip lengthwise through each plot with a mechanical sod cutter (2.25-inch depth) and examining the sod and underlying soil for grubs. Species identifications were made in the field. Three samples were taken from each replicate, and mean surviving grubs determined per ft.


Non-processual approaches in anthropology have been heavily criticized for not providing an adequate framework for explaining the emergence of socio-cultural phenomena, and the processes and mechanisms of change. Socio-cultural life is undeniably dynamic and everchanging. In facing this matter many anthropologists have turned to a processual approach in studying the dynamics of culture in the last two decades. In this article the author shows how the a processual approach is applied to the study of cultural dynamics. The author begins by discussing the unit of analysis and focus of study in a processual approach. Following that, she discusses the implication of this upon the methods and strategies for uncovering, describing and explaining change. The author also shows how this approach can uncover the heterogeneous nature of a socio-cultural phenomenon and the extent to which that heterogeneity allows change to occur. Her arguments are based upon empirical cases of knowledge transmission and formation among farmers in several locations on the north coast of West Java and Central Lampung. Key words: change and continuity; variation and conformity; research strategy.


We discuss a collection of commonly-accepted goals for future education in the field of ordinary differential equations, especially as involves the uses of technology in the classroom. We single out several of these as particularly in need of further emphasis, and discuss methods for improvement. Specifically, we introduce the ODEToolkit, a free, online differential equations solver designed specifically to help a professor incorporate these paradigms into an introductory course.


ABSTRACT Lake Whatcom is a large, deep, monomictic lake in the Puget lowlands of Washington State. Expanding development from the city of Bellingham and a large diversion of water from the Nooksack River to the lake are two recent impacts. Bellingham depends on the lake as its sole drinking and industrial water supply. Additionally, the lake is an important recreational resource. Monitoring of the lake began in 1962 and was continuous to 1972, and recent work began in 1979. These data and information from sediment cores have been used to determine trends in water quality. Historically, watershed uses were mainly logging and some coal mining. Sedimentation rates based on Pb-210 were about 0.5 cm/yr. More recently, sedimentation rates have increased to 0.8–1.2 cm/yr., apparently due to increased runoff related to urbanization and the diversion of Nooksack River water containing glacial meltwater with high particulate loads. Much of the particulate material is sedimented in a 6.5 ha lake below the diversion ...


[Formula 1] The invention kinase inhibitor of formula (I), the N- oxide form, relates to a pharmaceutical isomers, wherein, Z is indicates NH, the other substituents are defined as in the claims.


In anticipation of the development of longwall mining, the authors have been studying the subsidence problems that have occurred in major coal producing countries in the world. In this paper various mining techniques that have been successfully employed for reducing surface structural damages are reviewed and presented.


Abstract Relationships between plant cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the ability of plants to tolerate low phosphorus (P) soils have been suggested. To investigate this the CEC of roots, leaves and stolons of 17 semi‐natural populations and three cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were measured. Plants were grown in sand culture and solution culture with low phosphorus (P) supply (≍ 50 μM P) or high P supply (825–1291 μM P). The CEC of leaf was greater than that of stolon which in turn was greater than that of root material. Leaf CEC was closely correlated with stolon CEC (r=+0.80∗∗), and leaf CEC was correlated with root CEC (r=+0.69∗) but stolon CEC and root CEC were not significantly correlated (r=+0.48). Significant differences in CEC were found both between populations and between genotypes within populations. When plants were grown at high‐p root CEC and, to a lesser extent, stolon CEC, were correlated with plant growth rate. Leaf CEC tended not to be correlated with plant growth att...


To examine the market response to positive revelations of chief executive officer (CEO) quality, this study focuses on CEOs who withdraw acquisition bids when the price becomes increasingly expensive. Firms that withdrawal for price-related reasons earn higher withdrawal returns than firms that withdraw for other reasons. This relation is stronger when CEO uncertainty and discretion is high. CEOs unwilling to increase the offer price are less likely to be replaced and more likely to advance to a larger firm than a control group of CEOs. The finding that the market attaches value to CEO-specific information suggests that unobservable manager characteristics can meaningfully impact firm outcomes.


Lexicographic resources are keepers of knowledge in a verbal form and an irreplaceable instrument of scientific research. In the article the concept of glossary is defined, concepts of glossary and dictionary are differentiated, structural principles of a glossary are described, and the typology of glossaries is given depending on their mission and structure. The purpose of a linguoculturological glossary is emphasized, that is to serve as means of system reflection for specific lexicon in all forms of its language expression. Experience of building a glossary of specific lexicon of Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries being the result of complex linguoculturological research of national language varieties of the region is described. Stages of work on the glossary include creating a lexicographic database containing the lexical units that are characteristic of Spanish varieties of Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries; filling the created base with information from the existing lexicographic sources; carrying out corpus and field research aimed at specifying the data obtained by introspective research; creating a glossary of specific lexicon of Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries as a result of the comparative analysis of the yielded lexicographic sources and results of field and corpus research. The Glossary represents a valuable resource where the information on the specific lexicon of Caribbean countries is conveniently organized.


Purpose: The objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of change in industrial production in Russia from 2008 to 2019 across a set of indicators characterizing structural changes in industry, specifically its extractive, manufacturing, and production and distribution of electricity, gas, and water sectors. Design/Methodology/Approach: The work provides a forecast of output in the three sectors of industry using methods such as Holt's method and factor analysis, with structural shifts projected using the methods of Szalai, Ryabtsev, Gatev, and Kazinets.
Findings: The empirical results show further changes in the structure of industrial production in the Russian Federation and an increase in manufacturing production at the same time due to a decrease in production by the type of activity "Mining".
Practical Implications: Investors who plan to invest in the Russian Federation should bear in mind that investments in manufacturing production are advisable.
Originality/value: To initiate progressive structural changes, the development and qualitative transformation of the structure of the manufacturing industry is necessary


Waveguide grating couplers allow the essential function of waveguide access to be integrated together with optical processing functions on a monolithic planar substrate. Grating coupling technology is topologically and, to a large extent, technologically compatible with the planar processes which define the optical processing waveguide circuit. Poor coupling efficiency, highly dispersive character, absence of user-friendly modelling tools and fabrication difficulties have long prevented this technology from being implemented into practical sensors and microsystems. This paper makes a review of the points where decisive technological progress has been made, illustrates some useful features of waveguide coupling gratings and underlines some of the difficulties which the designer may encounter.


Clustering is a popular research area in designing routing protocols in the field of wireless sensor network. This paper proposes an agent cluster based routing protocol which will subdivide the cluster into independent subgroups according to the satisfaction list. The independent sub groups are associated with an agent node that can communicate to the cluster head. The proposed agent cluster based routing algorithm is created keeping into consideration to reduce the energy consumption while transmitting data from node to cluster head. The agent node is chosen based on the satisfaction list which reduces the chances of agent node die out problem thus enhancing the network reliability and lifetime. Applications such as green house, agriculture field monitoring, where reliability and energy efficiency more important than data transmission rate this proposed protocol is suitable to implement.


One thousand hybridization tilapia(Oreochromis aureus♂×Oreochromis niloticus♀) were fed with the basal diet for 7 days. On day 8, five hundreds forty fish[ initial weight(1.84±0.02)g] were selected and randomly divided into 6 treatments with 3 replicates of 30 fish each for the feeding test. beta-(1,3)-glucan was administered to the hybridization tilapia through the diets at six levels(0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 4.0%, respectively) as measured the weight gain rate(WGR), special growth rate(SGR), survival rate(SR) and nutrients of muscle. The feed test period was 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding test,the fish were selected, 10 in each replicate randomly for infection test for 7 days. Effects of beta-(1,3)-glucan administration on survival and immune modulations were studied in the fish against the bacterial pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila by injection. SR was determined at different times after injection(1h、24h、48h、96h. 168h, respectively). On day 7, test animals injected bacterial pathogen were collected to measure the acid phosphates(ACP) activity and lysozyme(LSZ) activity of head kidney. The results showed that after 56 days of feeding, survival rate ranged from 96.67%--100% and WGR, SGR and SR were not significantly different(P〉0.05) among dietary treatments. The condition factor of the animals fed on 1.5% beta-glucan was significantly higher than the others(P〈0.05). The muscle protein contents of the fish fed on 2.0% beta-glucan were 3.76% and 3.02% higher than the control and 0.5% group, respectively(P〈0.05). On day 7 after injection of Aeromonas hydrophila, SR of the control was only 25%, and that of β-glucan supplementation groups were between 60% and 70%. The acid phosphates activity and lysozyme activity of head kidney were significantly higher in the hybridization tilapias fed on 1.5% beta-glucan. Conclusion, in this test, 1.0 beta-1.5% beta-glucan supplementation in the dietary of hybridization tilapia was recommended considering the performance and disease resistance.


Objetive: to evaluate the association between maternal age and prevalence of congenital defects (CD) in a third level hospital in Cali, Colombia.Materials and methods: cross-sectional study was developed based on data collected by the CD system records the Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV), Cali, Colombia, between 2004 and 2008. It included all births in the period and determined the type of CD, socio-demographic variables of mothers. Prevalence according to maternal age and analyzed the association between maternal age and CD.Results: during the study period 32 995 newborns were registered with an overall CD prevalence of 2.22%. We found a 4.5/1000 prevalence of vascular disruption defects (VDD) in mothers 45 years.Conclusions: as compared with the overall prevalence of CD, maternal age 35 is related to chromosomal defects (13 times higher occurrence).