The development of new techniques for producing cold molecules has opened up the field of cold chemistry. Working with cold reactants offers the possibility of unprecedented energy resolution as well as internal state control. This is not only of interested for the detailed study of chemical reactions, but also for the development of new techniques for controlling reactions [1]. In prior work, cold molecules have been employed in nonreactive collision experiments, which have measured cross-sections for inelastic and elastic processes with fine energy resolution [2–6], as well as demonstrating the manipulation of these cross-sections with applied fields [7, 8]. In chemical reaction experiments, cold ion–molecule reactions have been measured at temperatures down to 1 K using supersonic jets and ion traps [9, 10]. Cold neutral chemical reactions have traditionally been observed through the CRESU technique [11–13]; more recently reactions have been observed in samples of ultracold bialkali molecules formed from ultracold atoms, and control of the reaction rate via internal-state preparation has been demonstrated [14]. Here, we describe measurements of the Li + CaH → LiH + Ca reaction at 1 K. The reaction is exothermic, releasing 0.9 eV of energy [15, 16]. The cold reactants are prepared by cryogenic buffer-gas cooling, a technique which should be applicable to a much wider range of chemical species than molecules produced from ultracold atoms [17]. Additionally, cryogenic buffer-gas cooling allows measurements of reactions at temperatures an order of magnitude colder than have been obtained with CRESU, and allows for detection of the reaction products. While 1 Kelvin is in the multiple-partial-wave limit, it allows for the opportunity to control reactions with applied fields and state preparation [18]. We produce cold atomic Li and molecular CaH by cryogenic helium buffer gas cooling [19]. The experiment takes place in a 10 cm cubic copper cell, similar to that described in reference [20]. The cell is cryogenically cooled by a cryogen-free He refrigerator, which uses a commercial pulse tube cooler to condense the circulating He [21]. The cell temperature is monitored by a ruthenium oxide resistor. The helium density is determined


Through the analysis of archival documents (notarial protocols) and newspapers from 1912, the author provides a critical reading of the novel-testimony Biografia de un Cimarron (1966) by Miguel Barnet. In addition, the paper discusses the results of the Cuban Independence War (1895-1898), comparing the literary perspectives of Barnet, Montejo's narration and the discourse of the primary sources.


Initially, this text tackles a problem that consists in looking for a solution way about a simulated overflow river, and its autonomously solution by a humanoid robot (in this case, the robot used is a Bioloid); because this kind of robots are better than Rover robots over rough terrain as it uses legs instead of wheels. Later, this text analyzes the ways taken by the robot to reach its goal and the performance of such ways from different topics, like speed, execution time of the situation and its degree of error.


A discussion is presented on the Stanford Integrated Manufacturing Enterprise Management System (SIMEMS), which was developed to provide intelligent decision support for planning and control of operation decision processes and also to provide a link between such decision processes and strategic considerations at the enterprise level so as to yield a competitive advantage. The system is developed to achieve several aspects of integration: integration among functional units within the organization in coordinating operational planning and control; integration of operational policies with strategic position; and integration of systems, AI, and operations research techniques in problem solving. In addition to providing intelligent management decision support for manufacturing enterprise, SIMEMS can be regarded as a prototype example of a powerful modeling technique in support of complex problem solving processes.<<ETX>>


A portable terminal with a hinge, can prevent each component misalignment occurs, preventing an operation, and can perform different operations at the time of opening operation and the closing operation, the hinge of the folding portable terminal having a first member keyboard portion and a second connecting member having a display portion in the longitudinal direction so as to be opened and closed and opened within an angle of rotation in the horizontal direction can be predetermined so as to be opened and closed connected to the longitudinal member by the first member and the second 1 hinge shaft configured to be rotatable in the longitudinal direction while the opening and closing operation of connecting the first member and the second member to the second hinge shaft to be rotatable in the horizontal direction is configured to be rotatable in the horizontal direction, simultaneous rotation of the operation, the first hinge shaft and the second hinge axes intersect with each engagement is possible only when the predetermined longitudinal accompanying the opening and closing operation of a first hinge axis of the second hinge shaft rotates within the rotation angle.


John Dewey's influence on educational reform in the late 19th and early 20th centuries is without parallel. His discourse on education has continued to be viewed as foundational. In the seminal publication, HowWe Think (1910), Dewey gave us a set of contextualised propositions and reasonings that addressed the problems of training thought,of systematic inference, judgment, meaning, outlining the differences between concrete and abstract thinking and empirical and scientific thinking, and of observation, activity, language and recitation. What makes Dewey's philosophy of continual relevance is the tight-rope he walked between the method and value of thinking and doing, and the ability to refine and define the processes, concepts and procedures that describe education in action. In Deweyan Inquiry, James Scott Johnston takes another of Dewey's masterworks, Logic:The Theory of Inquiry, as the starting point to explore underpinning concepts and principles of 'education in action' across the disciplines of science, social science, art, and 'embodied practice' in teaching and learning. Johnston's treatment of Dewey is admirably clear and close to the philosopher's modus vivendi, in demonstrating how inquiry in education is grounded in both theory and action and principled by the pragmatic response to problem solving. Deweyan Inquiry is tightly structured but not restrictive in its treatment of these perennial concerns; Johnston does not let the historical basis of his subject detract from his analysis in any way. Dewey's teachings are alive in this slender volume and his concepts provide points of crystallisation through which Johnston's argument flows and interweaves, foregrounding considerations of practical benefit in the classroom situation and providing a background conceptualisation against which they may be measured, conceived and understood. Absent is any post-structural angst which seeks to problematise relationship between author and text. Johnston's volume teaches us that although widely known as a progressivist in education, Dewey was above all a naturalist. His writings on the foundations of educationist thinking were made for the world of human scale. No blame is ascribed to the student as either subject or object of educational practice, apart from the fit that may be presumed between learning style, concept and environment, and the ability of the teacher to create a context which makes possible the conditions necessary for problem solving. As Johnston suggests, Dewey's approach is holistic rather than compartmentalised. Neither is the student a tabula rasa before which the curriculum appears as a sacrament; rather, the student is an embodied mind searching for answers in a context which supports him or her to find and discover them. Educational Philosophy and Theory,Vol. 42, No. 3, 2010 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-5812.2009.00618.x


Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly exhibit associated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We compared upper GI endoscopy and abdominal ultrasound rates in veterans with and without PTSD. Veterans with PTSD were 77–81% more likely to undergo these procedures than those without PTSD. PTSD symptomatology influences GI investigation rate and more emphasis on clinician and patient education is recommended regarding stress‐related gut symptoms.


In the view of Islam, the rights of the child are very important to pay attention to, because seeing Islam as a perfect religion and rahmatal lil'alamin, of course there is a clear description of this very important issue. Islam has paid great attention to children's rights. The rights of children in Islam include the right to care for religion, the right to care for offspring, the right to health care, the right to care for reason and socio-economic rights.


The paper addresses various challenges met by IT-design practitioners, who pursue Participatory Design (PD) agendas and approaches in projects in a commercial context. These challenges vary of course, but they are different from the challenges met in PD-projects that are mainly carried out for research purposes. A conceptual framework is proposed for managing relationships and designing IT-applications in order to meet the needs of specific organizations. The framework consists of six contexts and their interrelations, highlights factors of each context that need to be taken into account, and gives practical recommendations for how to make use of the framework. The purpose is to be more concrete and operational about 'context' than it is often the case in the literature. Thus the paper tears apart some of the conflation of denotations and connotations in the term 'context' which is often used as a catch-all, for what is difficult to specify. The main argument of the paper is that the proposed framework is simple enough to be used as a cognitive tool for IT-design practitioners and rich enough to help them focus on and move between issues that have proven crucial in many "real life" projects.


The policy actions of senior levels of government can often be important catalysts to collective action for metropolitan governance. This article compares the challenges that actors in metropolitan Detroit have faced in attempting to establish metropolitan transit governance in response to the promise of federal funding for regional transit in 1967 and the grants announced in the 2000s. How has the region responded differently to the challenge of regional transit in the most recent wave of funding? What accounts for governance failure even when, at various points in the historical debate, local actors have been in agreement on a metro transit agenda? What has changed since the 1960s and will these differences empower the metro region to finally establish metropolitan transit governance? Finally, what can the lessons of these two periods teach us about governing regional transit in fragmented political contexts?


Vernacular dialects appeared strongly when Arabs mixed with others, during the Islamic conquests in the early days of Islam, and with the passage of time and Arabs mixed with others, and because hearing is the father of the linguistic queens, and because of time people gradually drifted away from classical, especially in the language of daily conversation. To the rejection of al-Fusha and the use of colloquialism by western orientalists and their Arab volunteers, who carried the banner of antagonism under glamorous names such as: facilitation, reform, and study of dialects, etc. You have many dangers, including: that the colloquies cut off the present of the Arabs with their past, because the future generations will not understand the heritage of their ancestors, and illiteracy also worked to fragment and disintegrate the Arab nation, and Arab colloquials became in need of dictionaries to clarify their meanings, and ... so it was necessary for the Arab to remain The strongest bond that brings together the Arab peoples, so the decision-makers had to take practical steps to reduce colloquialities by reviewing the educational and educational curricula so that they would be concluded to achieve proper reading, writing and hadith, from kindergarten to graduation, so that linguistic security becomes an integral part of security a For cultural, as well as the media and social media must be adapted to carry the classical language, and above all to raise the child and the Arab individual to feel the value of the classical language, it reflects the sovereignty of the nation speaking it.


This year, the construction of our new Warships Pavilion will mark the first stage in an ambitious redevelopment of the museum's site and exhibitions. The pavilion will both improve access to our three ex-naval ships and provide exciting new interpretations of them. Assistant Director Michael Harvey explains what is involved in bringing the stories of these vessels to life.


Adhesive tape for gluing reflecting film in the rear illumination units of liquid crystal display systems, having a backing film layer and two pressure-sensitive adhesive composition layers, characterized by a total thickness (average value) of less than 30 μm, and a standard deviation of the total thickness of less than 1.25 μm.


The human factor created by physical work and/or intellectual property of all existing material, is unequivocally active value of any work, ie human capital translates into different activities, specialized or not, it creates these individuals. History of the term human capital has experienced over time a series of ups and downs, as agreed or rejected by academia and the political class. Although known affirmation and its conceptual structure only after the seventh decade of the twentieth century, the term human capital has been used long before the economy.


Noradrenaline (NA), released in association with sympathetic nerve sprouting into the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after peripheral nerve injury, may enhance neuropathic pain. ATP serves as a pain mediator; however, NA‐regulated ATP mobilizations in the DRG is far from understanding. In the present study, we analyzed ATP mobilizations in acutely dissociated rat DRG neurons by recording single‐channel currents through P2X receptor channels as an ATP biosensor in an outside‐out patch‐clamp configuration and by monitoring real‐time enzymatic NADPH fluorescent imaging, and examined the role for β3 adrenoceptors in allodynia using an in vivo rat model. We show here that NA stimulates ATP release from DRG neurons as mediated via β3 adrenoceptors linked to Gs protein involving PKA activation, to cause allodynia. This represents a fresh regulatory pathway for neuropathic pain relevant to noradrenergic transmission in the DRG. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 345–351, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The mechanism model of a special lathemill machine,which has seven axis and five of them can be moved simultaneously,is proposed in this paper according to the mechanism theory.The movement model is established using coordinate transformation,and the solving of this model is discussed.Then the configuration of the simultaneous axis,the decision of the rotate axis' quadrant,the long movement of the rotate axis are analysed.A postprocessing software for the machine is developed,and the result is good.


Lave and Wenger's situated learning paradigm offers that learning is a function of the activities, context and culture in which the learning occurs (i.e., it is socioculturally situated). This study explores HIV/AIDS education for and by sex workers from the perspective that learning is a sociocultural experience that fundamentally involves identification with a community of practice. Sex worker learning communities not only use HIV/AIDS education for safer sex, but as opportunities to make sense of larger life experiences, to resist moralizing discourses, to practice counterhegemony, to supplement mainstream HIV/AIDS education, and to circumscribe who and what comprise appropriate authority. Making HIV/AIDS Education Relevant Education around HIV/AIDS includes topics on prevention, modes of transmission/infection, care of symptomatic and asymptomatic self and others, viaticum issues, and the dynamics of living with and dying from the disease. HIV/AIDS are complex events that offer numerous opportunities for adult education, however, mainstream education on this issue has often not been relevant to a number of subpopulations, including sex workers (self-labeled prostitutes, street workers, lap dancers, nude and sexotic dancers, phone sex workers, sex cammers [those engaged in cybersex, online camera sexual engagement on "for-pay" websites or for recreation], strippers, hustlers [face to face solicitation], call girls/women, call boys/men, masturbation dancers, phone-sex workers, and exhibitionists, etc.). Hill (2005) reports that there is no single set of health needs—and therefore no single educational "curriculum"—for sex workers. Each type of sex work has its own distinctive implication for educators, i.e., each group has a unique set of health requirements. For some types of work/ers, HIV/AIDS education is critically more important (prostitutes) than for others (cybersexers), however, all venues provide opportunities for safer sex learning to occur. Purpose of the Study, Theoretical Framework, and Research Design Purposes of the study included: to review the literature on HIV/AIDS education relative to sex workers; to explore sources and content of HIV/AIDS education in members of the sex work industry; to explore sex workers' attitudes, knowledge, and beliefs about—and responses to—HIV/AIDS education; to investigate the roles of culture, context, and content in learning about safer sex behavior in the sex worker industry. The theory of knowledge acquisition known as situated learning (Lave & Wenger, 1991) informed this work; activities, culture, context, and content are elements of successful educational endeavors—that is, learning is a sociocultural experience. For Lave and Wenger social interaction is the primary means through which learning occurs. Learning fundamentally involves association with, and within, a community (e.g., sex workers in this study) of theory, practice and identity. They argue that activities (contexts) are significantly more important than knowledge and skills in the learning process. It is through a "community of practice" with is beliefs and behaviors that learning happens. Learning communities function in multiple ways, such as to make sense of experience, to reproduce dominant discourses, to resist contrary discourses, to practice hegemony (and counter-hegemony), to function in disciplinary ways, and to circumscribe who and what constitute legitimate authority. Lave and Wenger theorize that communities establish, support, sustain, and challenge norms; communities also foster negotiations around the socialization of members. To Lave and Wenger, the sociocultural context is thus a primary location where learners interface with their environments, and where personal and social transformation may occur. I used a mixed methodology beginning with a systematic review of the extensive HIV/AIDS literature (both mainstream and "alternative") to better understand current knowledge about HIV/AIDS education in the sex work industry. This was followed by a qualitative study utilizing the ethnography of everyday life of sex workers, with face to face and online discussions to learn sex workers' stories about, emotional investment in, and management of HIV/AIDS education. Findings The dominant/mainstream HIV/AIDS education has missed the mark in the arenas of culture, content and context for many subpopulations, including sexworkers. It is often sexphobic, moralizing, medicalized, and canonical. As a result, sex workers constitute a community of practice that often engage in their own adult education and learning, which is by and for their communities—and has outreach to non-sex worker "Others." No One in this Material Looks Like Me! Primary health care givers, health center and clinic staff, school-based programs for adult learners, public service programs in the media (television, radio, and press), roadside billboards, bars, sex clubs and other adult recreational venues, the Internet, libraries, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), and voluntary associations—among many others—provide adult education information and programs on HIV/AIDS. Despite the recognition that activityand content-specific information are critical to adult learning, much HIV/AIDS educational material is insipid and often asexual, sexphobic, homophobic, and transphobic (fear of, or prejudice against transgender individuals). These materials are often sponsored by government, quasigovernmental organizations, and faith-based agencies. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Center for Disease Control (CDC), major sources of information, have developed educational materials and programs supposedly marketed to target audiences, but remain restrained in their representations and efforts. Despite the seriousness of the disease, and the breadth of populations impacted, most HIV/AIDS educational materials do not reflect many communities of practice, such as sex workers, prompting one sex worker to report, "No one in this material looks like me"! On the other hand, some materials, often produced by CSOs, are sexually, erotically, and richly descriptive. Human relations, behavioral practices, and knowledge are contested terrain; HIV/AIDS education materials, positioned in "street vernacular," was found to be more relevant to those for whom sex is an easy-to-acquire commodity—and one that is traded for pleasure or material reward. Commonly available, meaningful HIV/AIDS education has not been designed for the sex worker populations who share specific social spaces—often marginalized by the dominant


Extracted from text ... 10 Retributive Community Justice Research Report by the Restorative Justice Centre by Mike Batley Introduction Over the past few years, there have been a number of media reports about communities taking the law into their own hands. Recently, several of these have involved children. Given that the proposed Child Justice Bill aims to give families and communities a greater stake in justice processes, the Restorative Justice Centre was commissioned by the UN Child Justice Project to compile an investigative research report. There should be no underestimating the seriousness of the dilemma: on the one hand there appears to be a growing ..


The physical and machanical properties of polyblend fibers from liquid crystal polymers and polypropylene prepared under different conditions were described. Results show that since liquid crystal polymers can form fibers with a high strength and initial modulus,the polyblend fibers have a higher initial modulus than the polypropylene fibers.Due to the breakage of the LCP micro-fibrils,the strength of the drawn PP/LCP fibers is lower than that of the pure PP fibers.By using two-stage drawing,the physical and tensile properties of the PP/LCP polyblend fibers can be greatly improved.Experimental results show that the PP/LCP polyblend fibers have a much better thermal stability than the PP fibers.


BACKGROUND
Several potential immunological benefits have been observed during treatment with the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist maraviroc, in addition to its antiviral effect. Our objective was to analyse the in vitro effects of CCR5 blockade on T lymphocyte function and homeostasis.

METHODS
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from both HIV-negative (n=28) and treated HIV-positive (n=27) individuals were exposed in vitro to different concentrations of maraviroc (0.1-100 μM). Effects on T cell activation were analysed by measuring the expression of the CD69, CD38, HLA-DR and CD25 receptors as well as CCR5 density using flow cytometry. Spontaneous and chemokine-induced chemotaxis were measured by transwell migration assays, and polyclonal-induced proliferation was assessed by a lymphoproliferation assay and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining.

RESULTS
Maraviroc increases CCR5 surface expression on activated T cells, even at low doses (0.1 μM). Slight differences were detected in the frequency and mean fluorescence intensity of activation markers at high concentrations of maraviroc. Expression of CD25, CD38 and HLA-DR tended to decrease in both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, whereas expression of CD69 tended to increase. Maraviroc clearly inhibits T cell migration induced by chemokines in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, at 100 μM, maraviroc tends to inhibit T cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONS
These data showed that in vitro exposure to maraviroc decreases some activation expression markers on T lymphocytes and also migration towards chemoattractants. These results support the additional immunological effects of CCR5 blockade and suggest that maraviroc might have potential capacity to inhibit HIV-associated chronic inflammation and activation, both by directly affecting T cell activation and by reducing entrapment of lymphocytes in lymph nodes.


Abstract Coagulase-positive (CPS) and coagulase-negative (CNS) staphylococci cause staphylococcal food poisoning. Recently, CPS and CNS have received increasing attention due to their potential role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance markers. The present study aimed to evaluate CPS and CNS species distribution and their antibiotic resistance profile isolated from chicken and beef meat. Fifty fresh, uncooked chicken parts and 50 beef meat cuts (local n=27; imported n=23) were used. One hundred staphylococcal isolates belonging to 11 species were isolated and identified from chicken (n=50) and beef (n=50) raw meat samples. Staphylococcus hyicus (26/100), lugdunensis (18/100), aureus (15/100) and epidermidis (14/100) were dominant. S. aureus was 100% resistant to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus showed intermediate resistance (51%), which might indicate the dissemination of vancomycin resistance in the community and imply food safety hazards. The percent...


ABSTRACT Introduction Polymeric micelles represent nowadays an interesting formulative approach for ocular drug delivery, as they act as solubility enhancers of poorly soluble drugs and promote drug transport across cornea and sclera. In particular, in the last 5 years polymeric nanomicelles have been increasingly investigated to overcome some of the important challenges of the topical treatment of ocular diseases. Areas covered The aim of this review was to gather up-to-date information on the different roles that polymeric micelles (commonly in the nanosize scale) can play in ocular delivery. Thus, after a general description of ocular barriers and micelles features, the attention is focused on those properties that are relevant for ophthalmic application. Finally, their efficacy in improving the ocular delivery of different classes of therapeutics (anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant, antiglaucoma, antifungal, and antiviral drugs) are reported. Expert opinion Although still a few, in vivo experiments have clearly demonstrated the capability of polymeric nanomicelles to overcome a variety of hurdles associated to ocular therapy, notably increasing drug bioavailability. However, there are still some very important issues to be solved, such as tolerability and stability; additionally, the role of micelles in drug uptake by the ocular tissues and their potential for the treatment of posterior eye diseases still need to be clarified/verified.


As a main force among the new media arts categories, experimental digital video has inherited and developed traditional cultural images. Its field has more research values. This article first analyzes the digital video and experimental digital video, then takes home video Harmony and spring as an example, describes its main content ,and discusses the workflow of the experimental digital video by using case study method to hope to play a role of attracting valuable opinions in the research and production of experimental digital video.


This book is slightly different from the usual Variorum book wherein the author, or someone acting on his or her behalf, decides to collect under a common theme a set of articles already published in widely scattered journals. In this case, the author was deceased, and it was one of his loyal friends, David King, who undertook the task of collecting from Donald Hill's articles some twenty titles (almost half of Hill's total article production), adding to them a full bibliography and a eulogy, and thus making this volume look more like a memorial dedicated to the well-deserving Hill, who is still sorely missed by historians of Islamic science and technology. The rearrangement of the articles into such categories as general Islamic technology (eight articles), Greek technology (two), specific Islamic technologies (six), technology in Andalusia (two), and technology and war (two) was all painstakingly done by King. And to him the reader will be forever grateful, not only because he brought some coherence to the pattern of those articles by grouping them as such, but because he also undertook the more arduous task of adding some twenty pages of indices, including names of persons, titles of books, topics, and, most useful of all, technical terms. Anyone who has had the chance to work on any subject of Islamic technology will certainly appreciate this last handy list of terms, which are usually excluded from medieval lexical works and could only be gathered from the actual technical manuscripts in which they first appeared, and from which they were later exhumed by people like Hill. For the field of Islamic technology the death of Donald Hill was indeed catastrophic, for he was not only the most prolific writer on the subject but was also, in his deep sense of urgency, responsible for spurring others to pay attention to this most interesting Islamic intellectual and cultural production. During his lifetime the field of Islamic technology witnessed the greatest production of books and articles, most of which were either published B O O K R E V I E W S


This article reports a strategy to use fish scales as raw materials for synthesizing CO2 capture materials. The synthesis employs thermal and chemical treatment to convert fish scales into N-rich porous carbons. The proteins in the fish scales are the major source of carbon and nitrogen. By varying the reaction conditions, the porosity and N content can be controlled in the produced porous carbons. It was found that the porosity first increases and then decreases with an increase in thermal treatment temperature; the N content decreases with an increase in the temperature. The capture capacity of the as-synthesized carbon (NFPC-750) for CO2 can be up to 171 mg g−1 at 25 °C, 1 bar. This high capacity is attributable to its porous structure with a high specific surface area (up to 3206 m2 g−1) and large pore volume (micropore volume up to 0.76 cm3 g−1 and total pore volume up to 2.29 cm3 g−1). More attractively, quaternary nitrogen is effectively preserved (2.90% N), which should be another contributor to enhance the CO2 capture capacity through the chemical adsorption between nitrogen groups and CO2. In addition, the sorbent preliminarily exhibits high cycle stability with retention of 91.8% of its initial CO2 capacity after 10 cycles. This highly porous N-doped porous carbon obtained from fish scales is thus considered a promising material for CO2 capture.


With regard to the problems in the free swell experiments and the evaluation of stabilized expansive soils,the free swell ratio method was introduced to evaluate the swelling capacity of lime and fly ash treated expansive soils.Based on the test results,the good linear relationships among the free swell ratio and the physical property parameters and the commonly used swell-shrinkage property parameters were identified.The possibility of using the free swell ratio in evaluating the swelling capacity of lime or fly ash stabilized expansive soils was shown,and its practicality had been approved through the utilization of the proposed method in practical engineering projects.


The global pandemic has outlined the shortfall of human resources in the information technology sector. On the estimation of analysts, the labor shortage of IT-specialists in Russia in 2021 is between 500 thousand and 1 million people. Educating and bringing to market such numerous personnel may take years. The task of optimizing the process of the development of IT-projects is as urgent as ever. This includes automizing repetitive tasks performed by developers. This article presents an overview of the methods of using neural networks in the field of generation and analysis program source code.


The study of Great War mass internment (both military and civilian) is thriving as it never did before. In the past two decades, important works appeared by historians such as Annette Becker, Ute H...


Asian Economic Papers 12:3 © 2013 The Earth Institute at Columbia University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology doi:10.1162/ASEP_a_00230 Kiichiro Fukasaku: This paper addresses the question of whether MNE-controlled manufacturing plants are signiacantly more energy efacient than their local peers in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand during the period 1996–2006. It presents and discusses main results of descriptive and regression analyses using plant-level data derived from ofacial manufacturing censuses and surveys available in the three ASEAN countries.


A previously presented method which focuses on the static conditions in crystalline films is useful for confirming the domain configuration by minimizing the total free energy in the films. This method is also highly applicable to amorphous films. This paper indicates that a stiffness constant, anisotropy constant and wall type can be reasonably assumed in the same manner as in the crystalline case. Domain structure in amorphous films can be analyzed for a wide range of magnetic anisotropy field and thickness with respect to domain wall type. Therefore, this method is very convenient for designing film heads or MR heads using amorphous films capable of achieving high saturated flux density and high permeability.


Research in Soviet landscape science, the discipline devoted to the study of integral physical-geographic landscapes, has focused largely on the homogeneity of mapped landscape entities. There is also a place in landscape research for paradynamic landscape systems, based on the principle of contrastivity. In the study of contrasting, contiguous landscapes making up such paradynamic systems, the focus would be on external landscape interaction through mass and energy exchange rather than on internal structure. A particular case of paradynamic complexes would be paragenetic complexes, which in addition to interacting also have a common origin. Paradynamic complexes may be simple (consisting of two contiguous members) or intricate (multimember systems). An example of a simple system would be the combination of slope and floodplain complex on a valley side. A multimember complex might consist of a slope a bedrock outcrop above, and a debris cone below. An interesting aspect of landscape contrastivity is the u...


This work seeks to analyse the level of development of media competence from a broader perspective, including students belonging to the second cycle of childhood education. For this purpose, we have implemented an ad hoc tool in the framework of a broader study (all educational levels in Spain), using a series of references to determine the level of media competence. The results show that it is necessary to continue with educational policies of skill integration and with strategies for literacy, a necessary resource today for an education in accordance with the needs of society.


The optical-mechanical system of a space camera is composed of several complex components, and the effects of several factors (weight, gravity, modal frequency, temperature, etc.) on its system performance need to be considered during ground tests, launch, and in-orbit operation. In order to meet the system specifications of the optical camera system, the dimensional parameters of the optical camera structure need to be optimized. There is a highly nonlinear functional relationship between the dimensional parameters of the optical machine structure and the design indexes. The traditional method takes a significant amount of time for finite element calculation and is less efficient. In order to improve the optimization efficiency, a recurrent neural network prediction model based on the Bayesian regularization algorithm is proposed in this paper, and the NSGA-II is used to globally optimize multiple prediction objectives of the prediction model. The reflector of the space camera is used as an example to predict the weight, first-order modal frequency, and gravitational mirror deformation root mean square of the reflector, and to complete the lightweight design. The results show that the prediction model established by BR-RNN-NSGA-II offers high prediction accuracy for the design indexes of the reflector, which all reach over 99.6%, and BR-RNN-NSGA-II can complete the multi-objective optimization search efficiently and accurately. This paper provides a new idea of optimization of optical machine structure, which enriches the theory of complex structure design.


In [3] a provably secure synchronous keystream generator based on the Rijndael block cipher is described. This document gives a more general interface for the cipher and investigates effects on the provable security properties.


The Technological advancements have driven up temperature and pressure serviced in the petroleum, chemical, pulp, and environmental protection. Industries have increased the possibility of severe corrosion and wear in process pressure vessels. The industries must upgrade the corrosion and wear performance of these main important parts .Economic features as a rule will not allow fabricating components from solid high alloyed materials. As a result it is essential to surface non-alloyed or low alloy base materials with high-alloy cladding. The submerged arc welding(SAW) and electroslag welding (ESW) process are appropriate for applying welded deposits over large surface areas by means of strip electrodes .Both processes are using a granular flux material. A strip electrode, fed continuously, is liquefied and fused to the substrate. In contrast with other processes it is very effective in spite of the same equipments used but due to the wide strip used it procures a magnetic flow effect within to rectify it a magnetic steering device is exercised. After the welding to examine the defects NDT's are carried upon it.


This essay dealswith the similarities between Mr. Wen the Scholar and Xu Wei in their names,nationalities,appearance and dispositions except that they both acted in the same way as hangers-on of some bigwig,thereby giving further evidence for Xu Wei to write Jin Ping Mei.


D URING the past few years much of the literature on the teaching of arithmetic has emphasized the need for teaching ways of thinking about quantitative situations in contrast with the former emphasis on arithmetical operations. This change in emphasis is probably due to a number of factors, chief among which may be listed (I) the results of research in educational psychology and (2) a changing philosophy of instruction in arithmetic, which corresponds more closely with Dewey's philosophy of education.' This change in the teaching of arithmetic centers in the general ideas con-


In order to know better about the occurrence mechanism of rainstorm and make benefits for future forecasting,it is necessary to do diagnostic analysis of rainstorms.Based on the observational data of precipitation of automatic stations,the data of sounding stations and daily 1°×1 °grid reanalyzed data from NCEP/NCAR at 00:00(U TC),06:00,12:00,and 18:00,an extraordinary rainstorm occurred in Chengdu region from July 3rd 2011 to July 4th 2011 has been analyzed.Its circulation background and main influence systems had been summarized.A diagnostic analyses had also been done for some related physical quantities in this synoptic process.The findings reveal that:(1) In the upper air,the Pacific subtropical high suddenly strengthened and moved toward west;in the low level,the southwest jet stream conveyed water vapor into Chengdu region,in the locality,there was an accumulation of unstable energy and a invaded weak cold air.All these observational results worked together and caused this rainstorm.(2)Before the start of the rainstorm,Chengdu region is located in the area of divergence that lied in the north of the big value area of moisture flux divergence grads.With the development of this rainstorm,the area of moisture flux divergence grads been northward moved.(3)The critical area of positive and negative value of moisture flux divergence and moist potential vorticity had a preferably indicative meaning for forecasting the rainfall zone.In the heavy rain zone,MPV1 had an obvious positive value center in the low area,MPV2 had a big value of grads,itsbaroclinicity is very strong.(4)The wind contrarotated on the 850 hPa constant pressure surface and a isentropic surface(θe=325K,about 750hPa),this is good to cause heavy precipitation.


Compartmentalization of metal ions is crucial in biology as well as in materials science. For the synthesis of single source precursors, the preorganization of different metal ions is of particular interest for the low-temperature generation of mixed metal oxides. On the basis of a potentially Ω-shaped salen-type ligand providing an N2O2 as well as an O2O2 coordination site, mixed metal coordination compounds with Cu(II) or Ni(II) and alkali metal ions have been studied for their structural and optical properties. UV–vis and 1H NMR titrations show that the obtained compounds adopt partially different structures in solution compared to the solid state. In the latter case, the coordination geometry is mainly governed by the size of the alkali metal ion as well as the transition metal ion used.


Common explanations of why the Arab region erupted in 2011 are only partly accurate and have glaring omissions. The youth bulge is real butsuch bulges do not automatically lead to upheavals.Socio-economic conditions in Egypt or Yemen were dismal, but no more so in 2011 than in the previous decades. Tunisia, where the uprisings started, is a middle-income country, and Gulf monarchies are incredibly rich but still fearful of unrest. Artificial borders explain even less about countries' stability. Syria and Iraq have borders drawn on maps by colonial powers after World War I, but Egypt's date back millennia.A crucial factor in causing the disaffection of Arab citizens toward their government is the absence of "state projects," a vision of what the country could and should be, and of inspiring leaders to embody that vision. Egypt had a project and a leader that inspired the entire Arab world in the days of Gamal Abdel Nasser, but that is no longer the case.


The modern human rights movement, as it is known today, is largely the product of the horrors of the mainly European war of 1939-45. Its rise is mostly a direct result of the abominations committed by the Third Reich during that war. Drawing on the Western liberal tradition, the human rights movement arose primarily to control and contain state action against the individual. The two principal documents of the movement—the 1948 Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR) and the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)—largely establish negative rights that either limit or prohibit altogether government intrusion into the so-called "private realm."


Tbolis in Lemsnolon, Tboli, South Cotabato are one of the ethnic groups in the Philippines serving as repository of novel knowledge on ethnomedicine. On July 2014, a research was conducted among Tboli tribe in Lemsnolon to document the local knowledge on ethnomedicinal plants before environmental and cultural changes deplete the resources. Selected important ethnomedicinal plants were quantified through Relative Frequency Citation and Use Value. Selected important medicinal plants were screened for phytochemical constituents, and their antibacterial property was determined through paper disc diffusion method. A total of 28 medicinal plants belonging to 21 families were recorded, most are used for symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings (13spp.) and certain infectious and parasitic diseases (5spp.). The most abundant medicinal plant families were Asteraceae (5spp.) and Euphorbiaceae (3spp.), the most dominant life forms of the species includes herbs (17spp.) followed by shrubs (4spp.), the most frequent used part were leaves (42%) followed by stems (11%), the most common preparation method was decoction (47%), the most common route of administration is through oral (66%). Artemisia vulgaris, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Elephantopus sp., Emilia sonchifolia, Ficus pseudopalma, Hyptis capitata, and Leucaena glauca have the highest RFC (0.29), E. sonchifolia has the highest Use Value (0.71).Selected important ethnomedicinal plants, Artemisia vulgaris, Costus malorticanus, Elephantopus sp., Emilia sonchifolia and H. capitata, were found to be rich in alkaloids while free fatty acids, flavonoids, tannins and anthraquinones were present in most of these selected plants. However, ethanolic extracts of the selected important medicinal plants showed inactive zone of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli. Results showed that plants used for healing among Tboli community in Lemsnolon are found to be possible sources of potential drugs and are subject for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.


5014Background: GSTP1 inactivation is associated with CpG island hypermethylation in > 99% prostate cancers. Detection of circulating mGSTP1 DNA predicts response to DTX and overall survival (OS) i...


Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDT) is a new polymeric organic conductor which, when combined with polystyrene sulphonic acid, produces a system that can be processed as an aqueous solution and yields effective antistatic coatings for films. The antistatic effect is achieved with coating weights of just a few mg PEDT/m2, resulting in films with a surface resistivity of 106 ω/□.


Today, developing models for Building Energy Performance Simulation (BEPS) is a time consuming and costly process. Automated reuse of data from Building Information Models (BIMs) for BEPS model development is a promising approach to improve the process by avoiding manual data input. Recent work focuses on linking BIM to Modelica, a modelling language that is becoming increasingly important in the BEPS community. This paper presents our technical development of a flexible model transformation system to link BIM with different Modelica libraries to support BEPS. We describe all technical aspects relevant to this modelto-model transformation system: model hierarchy parsing, meta-model creation, model transformation by mapping rules and rule filtering techniques.


Given that dynamically variability and uncertainty (randomness, fuzziness, grayness and unsacertainty) exist in comprehensive evaluation of power quality, this paper described and treated the uncertainty information reasonably in index parameter, boundary and weight. Based on the variable fuzzy sets evaluation method, blind number theory was introduced into power quality evaluation to deal with the uncertainty problems, and a comprehensive evaluation model based on blind number and variable fuzzy sets theory was proposed. Superiority and effectiveness of the suggested method can be verified by case study, therefore, the model can be used to evaluate power quality in the power quality management.


Stress is the external events and situations that burden the environment adaptability, individuals, particularly in the form of emotional and psychological burden, prolonged stress can be bad for the health of the elderly. Environment can support or interfere with the function of the physical and social circumstances occur due to lack of family role, then the role of the social environment that could cause conflicts and shocks tabe streess. Murottal Qur'an that contains some verses of the Qur'an to clear the heart and cleanse the soul elderly, especially for the elderly who are experiencing stress. This research quantitative research methods approach pre  asExperiment with one group pretest - Posttest. The amount of the total sample of 40 respondents. This research subject is old egg who wexperience  stress in UPT. Social services elderly Bondowoso. The sample used  purposive sampling. Measurement data using stress questionnaire, observation before and after Murottal Qur'an. analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed before doing therapy murottal Qur'an many people. hare experience severe stress as muchas (26 seniors), moderate stress (14 seniors), and mild stress (0), after doing therapy murottal Qur'an stress on elderly, it decreate to be moderate stress (40 old egs), stress (weight 0), and mild stress (0). In hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test results were obtained sig. p value = 0.000, which means p value <0.05 So HI accepted. The conclusion from this study resereh,the Qur'an murottal therapy candecrease elderty stress Keywords: Knowledge, Murottal Qur'an, Stress At Elderly.


Shaping the competences of future teachers in a way that is appropriate to the current stage of development of the information society is, in the post-COVID era, a topical and important subject. The accumulation of experience in recent years with the use of digital edtech has forced the search for optimal solutions to support the learning and teaching process. Among such (still undervalued) solutions are video tutorials. This article answers the three research questions: (1) What are the benefits of using video tutorials in education? (2) What difficulties do future teachers face when creating educational tutorials? (3) What key knowledge and skills are required of teachers who wish to create video tutorials? The study (qualitative, based on structured interviews) involved 16 pre-service teachers (Poland) who attended a course on the introduction to the use of information technology in 2022/2023 at one of the leading academic universities in Poland. The collected data, showing the complexity of the use of this type of edtech, provide not only a simple diagnosis regarding the processes of creating and using video tutorials by future generations of teachers, but also allow for the modernisation of academic programmes that prepare pedagogical graduates to work in an increasingly digitalised world of education.


The emergence of the digital economy has the potential to spur innovation, boost productivity, and improve societal quality of life. The increase in ICT users in Malaysia can be seen during the Covid-19 crisis. Due to social restrictions on economic activities, many businesses have shifted to online platforms. However, it differs from small-medium enterprises (SMEs) owned by vulnerable populations. Their businesses were underperforming during the Covid-19 crisis as they could not deal with the operational stress generated by Covid-19 due to limited resources, resulting in poor company performance. Therefore, a conceptual model has been identified in this project on the factors that can lead SMEs to successfully innovate the processes of ICT in their businesses.


Purpose of Study: Literature suggests that decompression of Chiari malformation for syrinx may influence the need for surgical correction of scoliosis: we therefore wished to review the clinical presentation, indications for surgery, complications and requirement for scoliosis correction after foramen magnum decompression in patients with syrinx, secondary to Chiari malformation. Methods: A retrospective review of the available clinical information including clinic letters, case notes and radiology. Results: 9 patients were identified. (Age range 4–16) 8 patients had progressive curves. Neurological symptoms: 2 patients significant, 4 insignificant, 3 none. Of 9 patients, 1 has not had surgery. 8 patients have had foramen magnum decompressions (+/− laminectomy, +/− duroplasty). Complications: 1 patient required revision surgery for a radiculopathy >1year post first operation: this patient required prolonged ventilation for MRSA chest sepsis. 1 patient developed a symptomatic pseudomeningocoele requiring lumbar drainage. All patients had improvement of neurological symptoms. Of 8 patients having a foramen magnum decompression, 5 required scoliosis correction and 3 did not. Conclusions: Foramen magnum decompression can relieve neurological symptoms in this cohort of patients.3 of 8 (38%) patients avoided scoliosis correction after decompression and decompression may therefore influence curve progression. Ethics approval: Not applicable Interest Statement: None


The presence of stress is normative for individuals, and it is how one copes with stress that is important towards a person's well-being. In stressful situations, one's cognitive appraisal of and emotional reactions to a challenge are based on whether it is perceived as a threat to one's beliefs and goals. Mindfulness meditation training (MMT) is a set of coping strategies that has demonstrated beneficial effects for adults in reducing stress, enhancing wellbeing, and promoting cognitive efficiency. This procedure incorporates breathing techniques to regulate physiological responses and teaches the person to appraise moment to moment sensations, feelings and events as transitory, positive or neutral to assist in emotional regulation. In the past decade, research has suggested that MMT is appropriate and effective for children and adolescents, although most studies have been with clinical populations. The present study examined the relative effectiveness of MMT in stress reduction, and in promoting the mindfulness and wellbeing of adolescents enrolled in an International Baccalaureate (IB) program. Twelfthgrade students self-selected to participate in either an eight-week MMT course or to complete surveys as part of a no-treatment control group. Ratings for perceived stress, mindfulness, and well-being were collected from the MMT and the control groups at preintervention, post-intervention, and at one week prior to admission of high stakes IB exams. A repeated measures 2 X 2 ANOVA was conducted for each of the three scales. Within the repeated measures ANOVA, the interaction between the factor of treatment/no treatment and the within-subjects variable "point in time" (before training, after training, and prior to the exam) was found to be statistically significant. Subsequent post hoc testing showed that the significant interaction effects occurred only at pre-test for the three


The O(1D)+C2H6 and NH3 reactions have been studied using ab initio/RRKM calculation to investigate possible formation mechanisms of various products in molecular beam collision-free environment. The calculations of relative branching ratios for various products formed through the insertion mechanism were carried out. The calculations for the O(1D)+C2H6 reaction gave the percentages of 4.4, 0.8, 7.9, 60.1, and 26.8 for the H, H2, OH, CH3, H2O formation channels, respectively. In the O(1D)+NH3 reaction, the percentages are 6.7, 86.8, 6.4 and 0.1 for the H, OH, H2O, H2 formation channels, respectively. For the O(1D)+C2H6 reaction, the calculated results are in good agreement with available experimental results of 3, 2, 25, and 70 % for the first four species above. In O(1D)+NH3 reaction, the calculated results are also in good agreement with available experimental results of 10 and 90 % for H and OH radicals. It is noted that the calculations underestimated the branching ratio for OH formation channel and predicted a significant amount of water molecules to be formed in the O(1D)+C2H6 reaction. H2O was not observed due to its low detective in experiment. But for O(1D)+NH3 reaction, the water formation channel only take 6.4 % out total reaction channels. Because the water molecular is mainly formed by the OH and a beta H, this suggests that H2O will be an unnegligible product in the reactions of O + simple alkane derivatives which have a beta H. The lower calculated value for OH product compared with experimental result may be because that only the insertion mechanism is considered in the calculations. This underestimated result is compensated by the contribution from the abstraction channel. Reaction rates of all detail elementary reactions to produce various products described above are reported and discussed. The p-facial selectivity of 4,9-substituted-2- dicyanomethylene- adamantanes with LiAlH4 reaction was examined using semiempirical and ab initio calculation. The substituents investigated include –F, -Cl and –Br groups. The reaction for all substitutents favor syn attack. We examined dihedral angles of the reactant to and found it correlated well with p-facial selectivity in this reactions. The present calculated results suggest that the stereo effect can affect the syn/anti product ratio significantly in the p-facial selectivity.


Sleep researchers and clinicians working in sleep medicine know that the environmental light-dark cycle is crucial for entraining human circadian rhythms to the solar day. Despite this knowledge, the importance of light-dark exposure is still fairly underestimated. In fact, if the sleep-wake cycle of their study participants or patients shows no major deviation from the 24-h day, as indexed by sleep logs or actigraphy, they commonly assume normal circadian entrainment and thus no aberrant light-dark exposure. Only a few sleep clinicians measure the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), a reliable circadian marker, to actually prove whether their "circadian diagnosis" is correct. In fact, DLMO should become common clinical practice for quantifying circadian phase position in every sleep-disturbed person. Many people working in the sleep field are not aware about light's non-circadian action. Besides photic resetting of the circadian clock, artificial light striking the retina between dusk and dawn directly or indirectly impacts on neurons regulating sleep-wake cycles, by inhibiting sleep-promoting neurons and activating arousal-promoting orexin neurons in the hypothalamus, and by suppressing the release of the soporific hormone melatonin at night. These effects can outlast the duration of light exposure without necessarily affecting circadian phase. There is a clear doseand wavelength dependency with a strong "blue-shift" most probably also involving the novel photoreceptor pigment melanopsin as a mediator of the direct effects of light in humans. Blue-enriched light as low as at 40 lux, and light from solid-state light-emitting diodes (LED)-backlit computer screens in the evening is strong enough to elicit significant alerting responses as indexed by subjective and objective correlates of sleepiness. Furthermore, subjective well-being and performance in different cognitive domains are enhanced during a 2-hour evening exposure to the above-mentioned light sources and affects subsequent sleep. Energy efficient LEDs are now widely used in televisions and computer screens, laptops, tablets and hand-held devices, and used very often between dusk and dawn, particularly in the late evening. Checking messages etc. on their hand-held devices before going to sleep has become common practice in teenagers, but also in adults, with the consequence of reducing sleepiness, increasing alertness and interfering with sleep. Thus, "light hygiene" should be become an integral part of sleep hygiene. In fact, "light hygiene" could advise us on how much daily natural light-dark exposure we need, and, equally important, on what we "should" and "should not" do when using artificial light, thus enhancing its pros and minimizing its cons on alertness, performance and sleep. The discoveries of light's repercussions on the brain's sleep and wake-promoting regions, along with the recent advances in solid-state LED technology, will help to design and implement potentially successful novel light devices and light exposure schedules for at home and in the work place environment to promote beneficial effects of light beyond vision. bs_bs_banner


Abstract : A method of describing three dimensional flows in highly-loaded turbomachines was discussed by using the azimuthally-average flow as a model of a rotor. The overall turning of the flow caused by the cascade was assumed to be large and the spanwise variation of the loading small. In this model the 'axisymmetric' flow was replaced by the pitchwise average of the rectilinear flow. Under these circumstances the reference flow could be correlated with the highly loaded model of rectilinear 'actuator disc', having a weak spanwise variation of the specified mean turning. They developed methods describing the three-dimensional flow as a perturbation of the aforementioned nonlinear two-dimensional 'reference flow'. (Author)


Due to the high demand of the management of waste sediment from industrial port in France. The reuse of this particular material is urgently needed to realize. The stabilization is one of the methods proposed. The high content of heavy metal in this waste makes it difficult to stabilize it just only with normal hydraulic binders. Fly ash utilized in this study is a byproduct of from local coalmines. The main idea is to maximize the utilization of waste material by stabilizing waste with a waste material. The application of the reuse of the waste sediment is as material in road construction work. First step is identifying the initial characteristics of waste sediment and binders used in this study. The chemical test is implemented as well to find out the heavy metal content in the waste. The next step is formulating the ideal composition of the binders in the mixtures. In order to verify the capabilities of stabilization process (with fly ash) to meet de needs on road construction is done by realizing several geotechnical tests. The result shows that the heavy metal content of the waste sediment is categorized in a medium level (non hazardous waste). The mixture with highest strength value is not exactly with the highest content of fly ash. The water sensitivity test confirmed that the mixture without any fly ash content couldn't survive to mouillage-sechage cyclic test. . The Unconfined compressive strength and tensile test shows that the addition of fly ash clearly provides an additional performance especially at long term of curing age. The fly ash addition helps to improve the engineering properties and the result confirmed that the waste sediment stabilized with fly ash could and safe to be used as replacement material in sub base course in road pavement.


Stress/strain sensors constitute a class of devices with a global ever-growing market thanks to their use in many fields of modern life. As an alternative to the traditional compounds, that exhibit low inherent resistivity and limited flexibility, in the present work we will show the advantages to employ a smart material, polyaniline (PANI), prepared by an innovative green route, for force/strain sensor applications, wherein simple processing, environmental friendliness and sensitivity are particularly required.


This paper examines the behaviour of housing prices and identifies their determinants across Czech regions from 2000 to 2017. The effect of a wide range of variables on apartment prices is analyzed on quarterly data for all regions of the Czech Republic using panel dynamic OLS estimator. Furthermore, an error correction model is employed to verify the existence of long-term equilibrium of apartment prices and the speed of price adjustment in the short run. The regression reveales that apartment prices are driven mainly by wages, unemployment rate and building plot prices. In order to check robustness of selected model, several regions with unique characteristics are excluded from the sample and analyzed separately. Our results show that building plot prices have an unexpected negative effect in low-income regions and labour force factors are less important in Prague, caused by a number of unique features of the capital city.


The frequency of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) in spleens of mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with preparations obtained from tumor extracts. This effect was not produced by preparations obtained by similar methods from normal tissue extracts. Significant suppression of RFC frequency was also found in spleens of mice immunized with SRBC at late stages of tumor growth, as compared to that in immunized controls and in mice bearing tumors at early stages.


Aim:To observe the attenuation of cerebral edema followed statas epilepticus by scopolamin hydrobromidum. Methods:The models of statas epilepticus in rats were established by subcutaneous injection of 2% pentylenetetrazol(112 mg·kg -1 ) in rats. The medication was administered to introperitoneal 45 min after statas epilepticus seizure. Brain water content was determined by the wet and dry weighting method. Results:The mild cerebral edema was developed 45 min after statas epilepticus. Intervention with scopolamin hydrobromidum combined with diazepam could attenuate cerebral edema followed the seizure. But diazepam had no such function. Conclusion:The treatment of combined scopolamin hydrobromidum with diazepam not only restrained seizure of statas epilepticus. but also attenuated cerebral edema followed seizure.


Remote sensing technology is a new method of monitoring land use/land cover changes.The case study in the area of Qingdao is carried out.The land use and land cover are classified using multi-temporal,multi-sensor images from satellite multi-spectral imagers and Synthetic Aperture Radars.The accuracy and the change of land use and land cover are analyzed.


Three cases of functional hearing loss were reported. Cases 1 and 2 were considered Meniere's disease and perilymphatic fistula, respectively. Audiological examinations were performed. Due to normal responses of otoacoustic emissions, functional hearing loss was suspected. In case 3, otoacoustic emission was performed to confirm the diagnosis.Functional hearing loss was diagnosed by objective examinations such as auditory brainstem response (ABR). ABR is necessary to diagnose functional hearing loss. However, it cannot be performed as a first step screening test. In daily clinic practice, simple screening tests are useful to differentiate functional hearing loss. As simple and useful screening tests for functional hearing loss, we employed stapedial reflex, otoacoustic emission, testing the difference of the pure tone threshold between intermittent and continuous tone stimulation, and checking the cross hearing level.


Studying on the microminiature niobium-alloy's Diode-Laser miscellaneous faculae's problems and ameliorating them.Studying the optics elements'reflecting faculae,the nicked or stained optics elements engendering miscellaneous faculae by experiment,designing and technics improving methods such as eliminating the upper and down reflecting miscell aneous faculae of the light filter.had been put forward later.It showed that most miscellaneous faculae could be eliminated,the output laser's beam quality could be advanced,and the finished product could be promoted.


Starting from the 12,13-epoxy-trichothecanes roridin C (trichodermol) (1), verrucarol (15) and trichothecolone (25), the isomeric 2β, 13-epoxy-apotrichothecanes 9, 20 and 33 have been synthesized. In these compounds the oxetane group proved to be unexpectedly stable to mineral acids and complex metal hydrides, probably due to its fusion to a cyclopentane ring. The IR. and NMR. spectra of the oxetanes are discussed.


A series of Ni supported NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts are prepared by impregnating method.The amount of Ni loaded on the NiO/γ-Al2O3 and calcining temperature on the surface Ni nature are investigated by X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results show that there are two kinds of Ni existences on the surface of NiO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with10 wt.% Ni loading,octahedral site nickel and surface NiAl2O4.Furthermore,the amount of Ni in "surface NiAl2O4" is increased with the increase in calcining temperature.As Ni loading is beyond 20 wt.%,Ni in form of NiO is formed on the sample surface gradually.Increasing the calcining temperature is unfavorable for the existence of NiO on the surface.The testing results of methanation show that samples with more NiO on surface have better catalytic activity.


In this work, we present the results of a correctional study that catch and describes the probable connection between different styles of response evoked frustration. For it we rest in Responses to Frustration test (PRF) and Questionnaire about values and principles (V&P) both by Garcia-Medina, P. The PRF test has between others, the purpose of catching the construct of aggression as an answer-feature. The remaining styles of response isolated, according to the author are, self-punishing and solving. One proposes for ends of differential validity as well as construct validity a fourth factor: expressed frustration. There was applied another questionnaire (Values and Principles) from that two factors were extracted, by means of rotation varimax, cognitive – actitudinales. The component named antisocial attitude and the component named prosocial attitude. Being utility and support for the first one, which presents differential significant validity on having correlated it with the remaining constructs. We find positive relations between aggressive response and frustration. In the same way, we find negative relations between solving response and expressed frustration. The antisocial attitude, as it was evaluated proved to be correlated positively with the aggressive answers. Understood these, directed well to others or directed one itself. They converge logic and semantically with a high degree of frustration. Nevertheless, negative relations were obtained by the trend or style to giving answers of solution to the conflicts raised in the exercise book of proof. Understood as support of the differential validity. Finally, we have to stand out that the prosocial conduct related positive with self-punishing in the cases that were presenting less tolerance to the frustration. In relation to the tests there is inferred of the results that the PRF proves to be more sensitive to catch the trend actitudinal that the questionnaire V&P based on two factors and this sensibility it is high in persons who count low in the style of aggressive response.


The article briefs the thermal power systems and main parameters of PWR nuclear power plant AP1000 and 1 000 MW ultra supercritical unit and conduct the contrast in terms of Rankine cycle,last stage blade,bypass system,efficiency and flow rate.The steam parameters of AP1000 secondary circuit are lower than those of ultra supereritical unit,and the bypass system of its steam turbine has many functions and large capacity;the thermal efficiency of AP1000 system is 36.6%,while the thermal efficiency of 1 000 MW ultra supercrifical fossil-fired unit may reach more than 45%.


Objective To investigate the clinical significance of detection of urinary sediment,urinary RBP and NAG in renal pathological changes in acute renal failure.Methods Fresh morning urine specimens were collected from 100 patients with acute renal failure(ARF) and the contents of RBP and NAG were determined with phase contrast microscoe.ELISA and biochemistry.The results were pathologically analyzed.Results Out of the 65 PGD patients 60 cases were cytodiagnostic urinalysis type I(92.3%),and their contetns of RBP and NAG were normal or elevated lightly;out of 10 NPGD patients 9 cases were cytodiagnostic urinalysis typeⅡ(90.0%),and contents of urinary RBP and NAG in 3 patients with acute tubular necrosis were abnormal.Of the 25 TID patients 23 cases were cytodiagnostic urinalysis type Ⅲ(90.0%),and their contents of RBP and NAG were elevated markedly.Conclusion The examinaion of urinary sediments,urinary RBP and NAG could,to a certain extent disclosevthe position and grades of renal pathological lesionsv.


This article is part two in a two-part series addressing risk factors for and management of drug-induced torsade de pointes, a potentially fatal arrhythmia that can result from severe QT-interval prolongation.


'Grumpy cat' is a term often trotted out in relation to our pet felines – and not just due to a well-known internet star – there is much more to the phrase than meets the eye, reports Emma Dahm.


Ellis (1979), in his study of interaction patterns in groups, discovered that his data did not satisfy the assumptions of a simple Markov model. In particular, he found that his data failed to satisfy the assumption of stationarity. In response to this, Ellis employed a new composite matrix procedure to generate a single set of predicted one-step transition probabilities. This essay argues that this procedure (1) does not generate one-step probabilities, (2) does not produce legitimately interpretable results, and (3) is a fundamentally inappropriate response to the discovery of nonstationary data. The composite matrix procedure used by Ellis is discussed and appropriate responses to the discovery of nonstationary interaction data are proposed.


The regional distribution of the mRNA encoding the serotonin 5‐HT1B receptor was studied in the central nervous system of the rat by in situ hybridization histochemistry and Northern blot analysis. A 180 base pair probe, corresponding to a highly selective portion of the third intracellular loop of the rat 5‐HT1B receptor, was used. In most regions, a single 5 kb message was found by Northern blot analysis. However, two additional bands (2.5 and 4 kb) were detected in the striatum. The rank order of 5‐HT1B mRNA abundance was striatum ≥ septum = ventral tegmentum _‐ colliculi = hypothalamus = hippocampus > brain stem a cerebellum _‐ dorsal horn of the spinal cord > cerebral cortex a ventral horn of the spinal cord > olfactory tubercle. This distribution was confirmed by in situ hybridization, which further revealed that the 5‐HT1B mRNA was present in dorsal root ganglia, the layer IV of the cerebral cortex, the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, the pyramidal neurons in the CAl area of the hippocampus, and the dorsal and median raphe nuclei. In situ hybridization was also performed in nomifensine (10 mg/kg/ i.p.)‐pretreated rats whose serotoninergic neurons were extensively and selectively lesioned by microinjection of 5,7‐dihydroxytryptamine (8 μg/1 μl) directly into the anteroventral vicinity of anterior raphe nuclei 3 weeks before sacrifice. In lesioned rats, 5‐HT1B mRNA was present in the same areas and at the same levels as in control rats, except in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, where a marked decrease (–75%) in its local concentration was observed. These data provide the first demonstration of the synthesis of 5‐HT1B receptor within serotoninergic neurons, as expected of their presynaptic autoreceptor function at the level of serotoninergic terminals. ©1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


3056 Background: In metastatic Breast Cancer (mBC), Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are established prognostic indicators of patients (pts) not responding to new lines of therapy and who have poor clinical outcomes. However, CTCs are typically found in < 20% of mBC pts and many pts without CTCs will also progress. Recently an inflammatory pro-tumorigenic macrophage emanating from tumor stroma (i.e. Cancer associated macrophage-like cell [CAML]) was found in > 90% of mBC pts and were also indicative of poor clinical outcomes. As CTCs & CAMLs are isolated in conjunction from a single blood sample, and both are prognostic for therapy response, we evaluated CTCs & CAMLs before and after initiation of new therapies in mBC to determine their combined prognostic/predictive values. Methods: An observational prospective 2-year multi-institutional study was undertaken to evaluate CTCs & CAMLs before, and after, induction of any new line of therapy in pts with diagnosed mBC (n = 101). Anonymized and blinded blood samples were taken at baseline (BL), prior to starting a new systemic therapy, and a 2nd sample (T1) taken after therapy initiation (̃30 days). Blood was filtered by CellSieve filtration. The quantities and subtypes of CTCs & CAMLs were analyzed based on RECIST v1.1 for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) hazard ratios (HRs) by censored univariate & multivariate analysis at 2 years. Results: CTCs were identified in 35% (n = 35/101) of pts at BL & 24% (n = 24/101) at T1, with a single CTC at T1 being highly prognostic for worse PFS HR = 6.2 95%CI 3.0-13.2, p < 0.001 & OS (HR = 5.1 95%CI 2.0-13.4, p = 0.002. In parallel, CAMLs were found in 93% of BL and 86% of T1 samples, and whose decreases were significantly prognostic for improved PFS (HR = 2.7, 95%CI 1.4-5.1, p = 0.006) and OS (HR = 4.4 95%CI 1.5-13.2, p = 0.018) when CTCs were absent. Overall ≥1 CTC at T1 (n = 24) had median PFS = 2.4 & mOS = 4.8 months (mos), however, in pts without CTCs plus an increase in CAMLs (n = 36) had mPFS = 5.9 & mOS = 14.1 mos, while in pts without CTCs plus a decrease in CAMLs (n = 41) had mPFS = 14.8 & mOS = 18.8 mos. Conclusions: Our data confirms that pts with persistent CTCs have the worst clinical outcomes. Further, simultaneous CAML quantification provided a new dynamic predictive blood based biomarker in pts without detectable CTCs which may be useful to better individualize therapy and improve outcomes, though future studies are need to validate these findings.


The most fertile agricultural lands in
Cordoba province are located throughout
the Valley and Campina. Despite their
productivity, the Mediterranean climatic
conditions impose several constraints
(rainfall irregularity, reduced vegetation
cover) that contribute to increasing soil
loss. Moreover, the hydrological properties
of vertic soils (the most frequent soil type
in the Campina, with high clay content
and runoff production) along with a soft
underlying parent material (marls) may
favour the formation of concentrated flow
erosion features such as rills and gullies.
In many cases involving both annual
crops and olive orchards in Cordoba,
the degradation of the soil by water
erosion has been proven to be well above
sustainable rates. This is a consequence
of intensive agriculture management,
landscape simplification, and the
absence of soil conservation practices. In
addition, there are several off-site erosion
effects such as as reservoir siltation and
sediment deposition in riparian areas
that lead to the reduction of effective
channel sections and hence flooding. The
solution to these problems requires the
participation of different stakeholders
including farmers, researchers, policymakers
and technicians, as well as the
consideration of economical issues.
It is important that feasibility studies
on conservation measures include the
costs of unmanaged on-site and off-site
erosion. According to soil institution
reports, these may be within the same
order of magnitude as conservation costs.
Further coordinated efforts are needed
to address this key environmental aspect,
despite the fact that there have been
some recent advances within the sector.


The earth ethnics, was created in three phases by Leopold, whose basic thoughts lay a philosophical foundation for earth ethnics, which receive the theoretical proof and challenge. This theory, in the course of responding to the various theoretical challenges, is gradually deepened, developed and perfected.


. We calculate the ratios of Rankin–Selberg pairings evaluated on newforms and optimal forms arising from definite theta series and locally dihedral modular forms. This uses the local theory of GL ( 2 ) × GL ( 2 ) Rankin–Selberg convolutions and leverages explicit local theta liftings. As an application, we explicitly describe local factors appearing in the constant of proportionality prescribed by the Harris–Venkatesh conjecture for derived Hecke operators acting on weight-one modular forms and Stark units


This paper presents a novel approach to the target detection and recognition using polarimetric SAR data. It combines the target polar decomposition theory and a Hough Transform method to identify the suitable signatures of a certain type of targets which have the same polar scattering characterises. As an example, the important targets of airfields are well detected and recognized. I.INTRODUCTION In contrast to traditional SAR data, the multipolarimetric SAR data has much more information of targets, so it can be well applied to target detection and recognition. The paper gives a try on the detection and recognition of a certain type of targets by their polar characterises and with a Hough Transform. The targets have the same polar scattering characterises and can be described by a specified scattering


Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the solid phase synthesis of amide derivatives of a wide range of substituted carboxylic acids and urea in excellent yields under microwave irradiation conditions. High yields are achieved even on a gram scale, while reaction times are considerably shortened. This method displays both economic and environmental advantages.


Comment on Offman et al, page [822][1]

Just as life begins to return to normal, some solid organ transplant patients develop leukemia. Why?

Patients who have received cytotoxic therapy with chemotherapy drugs and/or radiotherapy are at risk for long-term complications from their treatment,


Three donor–acceptor and twisted anthraquinone azo molecules were synthesized, and the effects of conjugated backbones length, alkyl chains length, and the thermal annealing temperature on the memory characteristics were explored. The device based on Azo-02, which has longer conjugated backbone and alkyl chains, exhibited stable nonvolatile ternary memory behavior as the thermal annealing temperature increased, with basically the same switching threshold voltages and current ratios being ∼1:103.43:105.50. For the "counterpart" molecules (Azo-01 and Azo-03) film, defects appeared or disordered, crystal packing formed as the thermal annealing temperature increased, and the corresponding devices exhibited no obvious conductance switching behaviors. The mechanism related to electrical switching properties and WORM (write-once-read-many-times) behaviors were elucidated through molecular simulation. The results demonstrated that the long-term thermally stable high-density data-storage devices can be fabricated ...


As an emerging subject in higher education quality monitoring,students evaluate education quality in terms of two factors: educational course and outcomes.Students' participation can be realized in the forms of teaching evaluation,assessment and student communicators.Students' quality-monitoring organizations should be established to connect school administrators and all students.


This paper studies the asymptotic properties of the penalized least squares estimator using an adaptive group Lasso penalty for the reduced rank regression. The group Lasso penalty is defined in the way that the regression coefficients corresponding to each predictor are treated as one group. It is shown that under certain regularity conditions, the estimator can achieve the minimax optimal rate of convergence. Moreover, the variable selection consistency can also be achieved, that is, the relevant predictors can be identified with probability approaching one. In the asymptotic theory, the number of response variables, the number of predictors and the rank number are allowed to grow to infinity with the sample size. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The rapid development of the Peoples' Republic of China has put increasing strains on an overwhelmed administrative and bureaucratic structure that was already hobbled by persistent inefficiency and corruption. In addition to anti-corruption and professionalization campaigns, the government has devised a system of e-governance with the goal of adding stability and order to a chaotic governing process. This includes re-establishing the control of the governing authorities, including improving the quality of surveillance and data gathering and hence policy-making; the elimination of corruption; and ultimately, the re-legitimation of the Communist Party of China. This paper discusses the critical administrative and political problems facing the government, demonstrates ways in which e-government has been designed to meet these, and discusses the problems presented by a reliance on e-government in a developing country.


The valuation of game situation was experimentally studied according to the characteristics of Einstein würfelt nicht!(EWN), and a reasonable evaluation method is obtained in this paper. In addition, this paper presents an optimized Monte Carlo algorithm based on the valuation of game. Finally, the optimized Monte Carlo algorithm played chess respectively with the Mini-Max algorithm and Monte Carlo algorithm, and a result got by comparative analysis.


Architectural paint analysis is an important technique for establishing the palette of historical paint colours, and reconstructing how a room or a facade might have looked at an earlier time. In its simplest form, it has often been achieved by using paint scrapes, which involves revealing a stepped sequence of layers of paint using a blade or solvents. Cross-sections are used as an alternative to, or in combination with, scrapes. Mounted cross-sections can be examined by optical microscopy. Accumulated layers of paint, wallpaper or other applied decorative finishes can be defined from their textures and colours. Knowledge of the identity of the components in paint layers can be used to reconstruct a certain paint and also to date the paint layers. It is demonstrated that micro-Raman spectroscopy combined with optical microscopy and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive spectrometry are versatile tools for the characterization of pigments and fillers in cross-sections from architectural decorations. The paper gives an example of the examination of an interior decoration from a historical building. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


N defined as the induction of immune-related processes within the central nervous system (CNS), is recognized as a component of many neurodegenerative disorders, including those of the retina. Generally considered a negative factor in disease progression, neuroinflammation is characterized by a variety of cellular events, including production of inflammatory cytokines and changes in the reactivity state of glial cells. Despite much evidence that neuroinflammatory processes can be detrimental to neuronal survival, we observed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) produced by retinal microglia promotes RGC survival in the presence of elevated pressure, suggesting that microglial reactivity may both promote and inhibit degeneration of RGCs. We recently described that expression and localization of IL-6 and the IL-6-binding subunit of its receptor IL-6Rα are spatially regulated in response to both aging and elevated IOP stressors. In conditions of normal aging (C57 mice), a genetic predisposition to neurodegenerative disease (young DBA/2 mice) and the existence of active neurodegeneration (aged DBA/2 mice), expression of IL-6 and IL-6Ra is not homogeneous across the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers of the retina, but instead, varies dramatically within discreet spatial parameters. The extent and magnitude of these variations differs dramatically between stressors, suggesting that the formation of these microenvironments of IL-6 signaling are relevant to both aging and neurodegenerative processes in retina. Recent evidence from our laboratory suggests that these spatial variations in IL-6 signaling are part of a larger scheme of neuroinflammatory microenvironments, which are highly regulated and defined by cytokine signaling, glial cell reactivity and neuronal function.


Objectives:  To explore current literature on chronic pain syndromes and develop ED recommendations for the management and minimalization of chronic non‐cancer pain.


Most Icelandic glaciers show high-accumulation rates during winter and strong surface melting during summer. Although it is difficult to establish and maintain mass-balance programs on these glaciers, mass-balance series do exist for several of the ice caps (Bjornsson and others, 2013). We make use of the frequent volcanic eruptions in Iceland, which cause widespread internal tephra layers in the ice caps, to reconstruct the surface mass balance (SMB) in the ablation zone. This method requires information about surface geometry and ice velocity, derived from remote-sensing information. In addition, the emergence angle of the tephra layer needs to be known. As a proof-of-concept, we utilize a prominent tephra layer of the Mýrdalsjokull Ice Cap to infer local SMB estimates in the ablation area back to 1988. Using tephra-layer outcrop locations across the glacier at different points in time it is possible to determine local mass changes (loss and redistribution) for a large part of the ablation zone, without the use of historic elevation models, which often are not available.


The mass diffusion of digital communication needs the special means of security. Cryptography concentrates on rendering the message unreadable to any unauthorized persons who might intercept them. In contrast, steganography is a method of concealing the existence of message to allow a secure communication in a complete undetectable manner. Digital image is the most common type of carrier used for steganography. In this paper, we have proposed a steganography mechanism, that reads the message and converts it to a colored image , that is transmitted to the authorized destination, and from which is extracted the information needed to reconstruct the original message. Our encryption approach is based on analyzing the plain text and extracting from it its component's letters, which are encrypted in the colored image. Our results show that for a message size in the range (x1, x2 ) bytes, the size of the resultant image will be fixed and consequently the encryption and decryption time are fixed.


A relativistic dynamical system is reformulated as a pseudosphere bundle, endowed with a certain geometric structure, over a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. A class of infinitesimal automorphisms (or kinematical symmetry) of the system is dealt with on this reformulation. Closer investigation is made into the dynamical system of which the base manifold is a four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold with the indefinite metric of signature ( +, -, -, ). When the dynamical system admits the maximal kinematical symmetry, the base manifold is locally either a product manifold or an H-spacetime. Finally, relations with nonrelativistic dynamical systems are discussed. It will be found that the kinematical symmetry of a relativistic dynamical system covers that of a nonrelativistic system.


Train marshalling requirements were very basic and almost non-existent at the early stages of railroading. As trains got longer, heavier and the types of freight cars became diverse in length, type, capacity, loading patterns and end-of-car cushioning units, plus the advances in high adhesion locomotive technologies and Distributed Power, train marshalling came to the fore front as one of the most important factors for safe train operations. Different track profiles and combinations of heavy ascending or descending grades with high degree of curvature raised the necessity to consider different train marshalling techniques for different train types, those being uniform bulk, uniform Intermodal or mixed manifest trains. We can quickly appreciate how complex the train marshalling matrix could become, when all of these different factors begin to interact. For these varieties of conditions, simple manual train marshalling verifications would become very complex, cumbersome and extremely time consuming, and almost impossible to validate. These reasons prompted Canadian Pacific (CP) to develop its own unique train marshalling process and tools since 2003 and the project evolved over the next ten years into a complete train marshalling process called TrAM (Train Area Marshalling). Every train, regardless of its length, tonnage and destination gets screened through this process to ensure compliance with all marshalling requirements before it takes the Main Line. This paper will discuss the evolution of TrAM, including all the marshalling parameters that are deemed important for safe train operations. It will present the fundamentals of Train Dynamics and their importance and impact on proper train marshalling techniques.


With newer forms of therapy, such as the use of cytotoxic agents and immunosuppression, and with the placement for extended periods of time of long intravenous lines utilized for hyperalimentation and antibiotic administration, the incidence of isolations of Candida species from blood cultures has increased. Previous reports have emphasized the local and systemic complications of intravenous lines, 1-4 the seriousness of candidemia, 5 and the relation of candidemia to antibiotic therapy. 6,7 Recently, six patients with candidemia and Candida endophthalmitis have been described. 8 All six had received antibiotics systemically and had indwelling intravenous catheters for prolonged periods of time. We describe two additional patients who had a similar complication of the use of systemic antibiotics and intravenous catheters. We emphasize the importance of prompt detection of the lesions and the early institution of therapy with amphotericin B. Both patients demonstrated marked improvement in conjunction with systemic antifungal therapy. Materials


Esophageal cancer is the 8th most common cancer in the world. It is an lethal disease, responsible for almost 400.000 deaths by year. Surgical resection is considered the gold standard in esophageal cancer treatment, with a global 15–40% cure rate. In this study, the results of esophageal cancer surgical treatment at Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Abdominal-pelvic Surgical Section, is analyzed.

 The medical records of 215 patients with esophageal cancer, treated with surgical resection (esophagectomy), between January 1999 and December 2015, were retrospectively studied. The endpoints analyzed in the study were: hospitalization time, operative complications and mortality, and overall survival.

 Esophageal cancer was predominant in male patients; median age was 58 years (27–78). Primary tumor location varied between 7,5 - 41 cm (median 32cm) and tumor extension 1 - 16cm (median 5cm). Median surgical time was 330 minutes (120–720); transhiatal esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction was the most used surgical approach. Tumors histopathological types were equaly distributed. ICU (Intensive Care Unit) stay median time was 5 days (1–87) and median hospitalization time was 15 days (5–166). Most common surgical complications were anastomotic leakage (25,5%) and pneumonia (20%), with a surgical morbidity rate of 61,8%. Surgical mortality rate was 12%, with 61% of these cases occuring in the 30 days after surgery. Median 2-year overall survival was 44,3 months.

 Besides the high surgical morbidity, esophagectomy for esophageal cancer remains the standard treatment for patients with ressectable tumors and without clinical contraindications for surgery. Reduction of surgical mortality depends on rigorous patients selection, surgical team expertise and adequate perioperative and postoperative care.

 All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The trigIyceride composition of most natural fats is so complex that no single technique can completely resolve all components. Consequently, more informations can be obtained, however, by the application of successive separate techniques. Fractionation of the natural oil by low temperature crystallisation ( H i 1 d i t c h , 1950, G u n s t o n e , 1965), column(S u b b a r a in, 1964), thin layerK a u f m a n n , 1963; G u n s t o n e , 1965) orpaper( K a u f m a n n , 1964) chromatography, have been used by several investigators. The high degree of positional specifity of pancreatic lipase in catalysing the hydrolysis of fatty acids a t primary positions of triglycerides, has been established (S a v a r y , 1956, 1963; C o l e m a n , 1961; K a r t h a , 1960). Recently, most workers use, for the elucidation of the fatty acid distribution in the triglycerides of natural fats, one of the above mentioned fractionation techniques followed by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis of the separated fractions. In previous work ( O s m a n , 1968, 1969, 1971), the glyceride composition of some Egyptian vegetable oils was given as estimated by direct lipase hydrolysis. In the present investigation, the glyceride structure of three local oils, namely, groundnut (I.V. 94.4), safflower (I.V. 139.3) and chufa (I.V. 68.4) oils are reported as determined by the combination of two techniques; low temperature crystallisation and pancreatic lipase hydrolysis.


In this paper comparative experiments were made on forestation of Phyllostachys edulis in spring and the plum rain season,and the effects were discussed of different forestation seasons on the survival rates,number of shoots per unit area and speeds of the forest formation in mother-bamboo transplanted plantations in order to provide basis for forestation of Phyllostachys edulis in the plum rain season.