Exploiting the near-experimental conditions provided by the GBPUSD exchange rate during the Brexit vote of 2016, we quantify a significant delay of the market price in reflecting the increasing probability of a Brexit outcome over the vote counting period. We claim that the Brexit outcome could realistically have been predicted hours before the market adjusted to the outcome. This inefficiency is identified by comparing the market-implied probability of a Brexit outcome with a separate probability, estimated by a standard Monte-Carlo algorithm based on a simple linear regression model, representative of what should have been easily possible in real time. The core of the method is the real-time re-calibration of ex-ante 'pollster' predictions for the voting district outcomes by regressing the observed voting results onto them. For comparative purposes, a study of the MXNUSD exchange rate in the 2016 US Presidential Election was done, finding that the market-implied and model-estimated probabilities moved more consistently toward the Trump outcome. Put together, this identifies a somewhat anomalous breakdown in market efficiency in the case of the Brexit vote, which we attribute to its novelty as well as a kind of political bubble and subsequent crash, generated by confirmation bias and social herding.


Purpose: To describe the chronology and the extent of orbital involvement in a case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Methods: Descriptive case report and literature review. Results: A thirty-two years old male consulted with the following complaints: A retro-orbital discomfort in both eyes, a bilateral fast progressive proptosis and a decrease in visual acuity in the left eye. Eye examination revealed a proptosis, ptosis, epiphora and a motility restriction and peripheral corneal ulcer infiltrates with nodular scleritis in the left eye. A palpable orbital mass was located in the sub temporal orbit in both eyes. Orbit magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unveiled a diffuse and elongated enlargement of both lacrimal glands with enhancing mass in the superior lateral aspect of both eyes globe. The diagnosis of an orbital pseudotumor was suspected. The biological work-up revealed a high blood levels of inflammation markers and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA). The diagnostic of active systemic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was then made. Conclusion: As seen in this case, clinicians should consider a differential diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis in patients with an orbital pseudotumor mimic aspect.


Editor,—There seem to be several possible problems with the recent paper by Oneta and colleagues ( Gut 1998; 43 :612–619). Firstly, blood ethanol concentrations said to result from an ethanol dosage of 0.225 g/kg were in the range of 0.2–0.3 mg/100 ml (figs 3–6 of Oneta et al 's paper). These values are about 1% of the expected blood concentration for this dosage; presumably there was a 100-fold error in the labelling of the vertical axes of these four figures. Secondly, differences in the area under the curve were used to assess first pass metabolism when it has been repeatedly pointed out that this technique cannot be used when …


The transient response of power grids to external disturbances influences their stable operation. This paper studies the effect of topology in linear time-invariant dynamics of different power grids. For a variety of objective functions, a unified framework based on H2 norm is presented to analyze the robustness to ambient fluctuations. Such objectives include loss reduction, weighted consensus of phase angle deviations, oscillations in nodal frequency, and other graphical metrics. The framework is then used to study the problem of optimal topology design for robust control goals of different grids. For radial grids, the problem is shown as equivalent to the hard "optimum communication spanning tree" problem in graph theory and a combinatorial topology construction is presented with bounded approximation gap. Extended to loopy (meshed) grids, a greedy topology design algorithm is discussed. The performance of the topology design algorithms under multiple control objectives are presented on both loopy and radial test grids. Overall, this paper analyzes topology design algorithms on a broad class of control problems in power grid by exploring their combinatorial and graphical properties.


The urinary bladder of the elderly is showing a reduced adaptability on account of morphological changes; it is therefore more prone to infections. The morphological changes consist in a reduction of muscle fibres and in an increase of collagen fibres and in elastosis, furthermore in a sklerosis of the intramural arteries. 58% of our chronically - ill patients prove to have a chronic infection of the urinary tract.


We have developed a quantification method that uses mainly room temperature rock magnetic measurements to calculate concentrations of ferrimagnetic particles in sediments. Our method uses saturation magnetization (Ms) as a total ferrimagnetic concentration proxy, the saturation remanence ratio (Mrs/Ms) as a magnetic grain‐size proxy, the anhysteretic remanence ratio (χa/Mrs) to estimate inter‐particle magnetostatic interactions, and the normalized susceptibility of the ferrimagnetic fraction (χf/Ms) to calculate the proportion of ultrafine, superparamagnetic particles. This approach eliminates the effect of dilution of the magnetic properties by weakly magnetic matter, and allows the calculation of direct concentrations (or fluxes for dated sedimentary profiles) of constituent ferrimagnetic components. We test our method on a short sediment core from an urban Minnesota lake, for which we calculate ferrimagnetic fluxes of four magnetic components, and compare their pre‐ and post‐European settlement values. Our quantification technique can be applied for reconstructing past environmental changes in a range of sedimentary environments, and is particularly useful for large sets of samples, where detailed magnetic unmixing methods are unfeasible due to time or instrument constraints.


Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are continuously gaining attention in aerospace and space applications, and especially their multi-scale reinforcement with nanoadditives. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and their functionalized forms are often incorporated into interactive systems to engage specific changes in the environment of application to a smart response. Structural integrity of these nanoscale reinforced composites is assessed with advanced characterization techniques, with the most prominent being nanoindentation testing. Nanoindentation is a well-established technique, which enables quantitative mapping of nanomechanical properties with the μm surficial and nm indentation resolution scale and high precision characterization. This feature enables the characterization of the interface in a statistical and quantitative manner and the correlation of (nano-) reinforcement to interface properties of CFRPs. Identification of reinforcement is performed with k-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine classification algorithms. Expertise is necessary to describe the physical problem and create representative training/testing datasets. Development of open source Machine Learning algorithms can have an influential impact on uniformity of nanometry data creation and management. The statistical character of nanoindentation is a key factor to supply information on heterogeneity of multiscale reinforced composites. Both the identification of (nano-) reinforcement and quality assessment of composites are provided by involving artificial intelligence.


According to a block model, a superconductor, HgBa-2CuO-{4+δ} with one Cu-O plane, was studied. The influence of the charge distribution on the combinative energy was investigated. The combinative energy for the holes in different planes and in different positions in the Cu-O plane, and the relationship between the combinative energy and the superconductivity were studied, respectively. The results show that the position of the holes in the Cu-O plane not only have an obvious influence on the value of the combinative energy but also the trend of variation of the combinative energy with the oxygen deficiency. It provides some clue for understanding whether the distribution of the carriers is homogeneous in the Cu-O plane. The results also imply that the carriers mainly concentrate in the Cu-O plane.


The present invention relates to an air mass meter 2 with at least one sensor element 7 with a surface 15 and a heated sensor element 8 having a surface 15, wherein the sensor element 7 is formed for measuring the temperature and the radiation emitted by the surface 15 from the sensor 8 to the air flowing past performance is evaluated as a measure of the passing air mass. In order to create an air mass sensor of the type mentioned, which has an improved reliability and durability, it is proposed that at least one surface is provided with a Parylene HT coating 15th


This research studied the quantities of harmonics cause from the inverter applications, which were used widely in the residential, and farm. Harmonics were considered as non-pure sine waveform that could be affected to the other near by electrical equipment such as additional heating and higher dielectric stress on the capacitors, interruption capability of circuit breakers, the skin effect of the conductors, measurement errors, pulsating torque and noise on rotating machines. Therefore, this paper proposed a process for the harmonic monitoring from the inverter by detecting the signal of current waveform and voltage waveform; The sensors and microprocessor is used to detect the harmonic components, then the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is calculated and estimated the harmonic of the spectrum of the order 3, 5, 7, and 9. As the results, the accuracy of measurement is normally related to the percent of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the signal. Which can be concluded that, the average error of THDi is approximately 9.41% when compare to the reference digital meter UNI-T UA28T.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment for cancer that involves the administration of a photosensitizing agent, which is activated by light at a specific wavelength. This illumination causes a sequence of photoreactions, which - in the presence of molecular oxygen - is supposed to be responsible for the death of the tumor cells. The PDT efficiency stems from the optimal interaction between these three factors (light, drug and oxygen). In this paper, a new approach is proposed to estimate photophysical parameters which characterize the ability of a photosensitizing drug to produce singlet oxygen. This approach is based on system identification techniques. This model-based method would allow biologists to estimate all the photophysical parameters from spectro-fluorescence data generated by only one experiment. Secondly, contrary to usual techniques which are restricted to in vitro studies, this approach can be directly applied to in vivo data.


KANG, SANG YEOL. Providing Static Timing Analysis Support for an ARM7 Processor Platform. (Under the direction of Professor Alexander G. Dean). Scratchpad memory provides faster speed but smaller capacity than other memories do in embedded systems. It provides a visibly heterogeneous memory hierarchy rather than abstracting it as cache memory does. Unlike cache memory, program code and data can be allocated into the scratchpad memory as desired. This enables optimizing the performance in real-time embedded systems. Static timing analysis helps the optimization processes by providing microscopic information of the application program's timing information. Based on the WCET and BCET estimated by static timing analysis, the techniques using scratchpad memory may be enhanced. This study aims to provide a method of static timing analysis for an ARM processor platform (ARM7TDMI). Basic analysis is performed relying on well-known program analysis graphs such as control flow graphs, call graphs, depth-first search trees, and post-dominance trees. During this basic analysis, loops and unstructured code are also identified, which make static timing analysis more difficult. A control dependence analysis is a convenient way to analyze the WCET and BCET, since it represents the hierarchical control structure of a program. By traversal of the control dependence graph, the WCET and BCET are estimated. To confirm the feasibility of this study, a real target system and its development environment tool chains are developed and an existing application is ported. In addition, the static timing analysis framework of this study is implemented by the tool named ARMSAT. Experiments are performed in these all environments. The experimental results show that the actual execution times are bounded by the calculated analytical WCET and BCET bounds, although there are a few factors which interfere with computing the analytical


Since Darwin's postulated the origin of the human species from an ape-like ancestor, the search for the missing link between ape and human had begun. In 1887, Eugene Dubois traveled from the Netherlands to Indonesia to search for the missing link. He eventually discovered human fossils in Wajak, Kedungbrubus, and Trinil to which he named Pithecanthropus erectus. The research was then continued by Ter Haar (1931) in Ngandong, Dujfyes, and his assistant, Andoyo (1936) in Perning, Mojokerto, and Von Koenigswald (1936-1940) in Sangiran, who successfully discovered many Homo erectus fossils. Since the 1960s, Sartono (ITB), T. Jacob (UGM), and Geological Research and Development Centre (Indonesia) continue the study, adding the collection of the specimens. Collaboration with the National Museum of Science and Nature, Tokyo concluded that Indonesian Homo erectus went through local evolution instead of static evolution condition. Indonesia is rich in natural resources and environmental conditions that were suitable for the evolution of early humans as shown by the discovery of several Homo erectus skeleton fossils that were not found in most other countries. This is a blessing left by early humans to us.


Abstract. We established some new fractional integral inequalities of Ostrowski-type for functions of two independent variables whose second order mixed partial derivatives in absolute value to some powers are s -convex on the coordinates. These results are obtained by using generalized Katugampola-type fractional integrals for functions of two independent variables. Our results generalizes some results in the literature.


The present article aims to examine phraseological units with the lexical component "liver" in a Slavic languages: Belarussion, Bulgarian, Croatian, Lower Lusatian language, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Ukranian. Somatic phraseology is a relatively new study of phraseology. The comparative semantic analysis of somatic phraseological units from an equivalence perspective allowed to establish their common and distinctive features, which are the reflection of cultural specificity and uniqueness of each language. The analysis was based on the researches of both Ukrainian and world linguists. The source of linguistic material were phraseological dictionaries of different languages. The results of this study may be useful for translators and advanced foreign language learners. This scientific study is a small fragment of the study of comparative somatic phraseology. But even such a fragment can reflect the common and different in the worldview of speakers of different languages. At the present stage of development of phraseology, many different and insufficiently studied problems have been identified, in particular the study of phraseological units in a comparative aspect.


A geothermal energy resources heat pump system consists of an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor and an expansion valve and they are connected one by one to form a heat-exchanging unit. The evaporator and the condenser are connected with the well-water pipeline separately via the valve set and the indoor circulating water pipeline. In the process of heating in winter and refrigerating in summer switching the valve set separately can make the indoor circulating water and the well water flow through the evaporator or the condenser separately according to the needs.


Boeing-Rocketdyne in collaboration with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is developing a new upper stage cryogenic engine, denominated MB60. The engine is destined for the Delta IV vehicle and is rated at 60000 lbf thrust level. This paper will provide a description of the design of the two turbines, which power the LH2 and LOX pumps. Special attention has been given to the design of the LH2 turbopump, and in particular to the turbine, which has been designed to operate at high speed, with maximized blade loading. Advanced 3-D CFD flow analysis based on unsteady, multi-stage viscous flow algorithms has been used in conjunction with advanced stress analysis in order to mitigate risks associated with unsteady blade forces and high-cycle fatigue. Fabrication constraints and variations will be discussed. Rapid 2-D CFD flow analysis has been used to evaluate the performance consequences of such manufacturing variations, which may alter the blade design profiles.


Facilitating Adolescent Communication and Training for Sexual Health (FACTS) is a sex education strategy which is entering its 3rd year of operation in eight selected districts in three developing countries (Sri Lanka Nepal and the Gambia. At the core of FACTS is the organization of study circles that bring together adolescents and parents in a series of roundtable sessions that allow in-depth participatory communication and interaction processes. In Sri Lanka the themes selected include human rights and adolescence reproduction and reproductive system pregnancy and abortion family planning sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS pre- and post-marital sexual relationships youth problems and counseling and social values and youth responsibilities. It is noted that lessons have been learned in the design of study circles the nature and size of each roundtable selection of relevant literature and multimedia material and identification of resource persons. Overall the FACTS Project has responded satisfactorily to young peoples needs for reproductive health education. It has helped them meet crucial challenges as they approach adulthood.


The authors report on the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition growth, fabrication, and characterization of high performance solar-blind avalanche photodetectors and the experimental evaluation of the impact ionization coefficients that are obtained from the photomultiplication data. A Schottky barrier, suitable for back and front illuminations, is used to determine the impact ionization coefficients of electrons and holes in an AlGaN based avalanche photodiode.


In order to improve the shortcomings of the traditional constant section and gradual section space elevator system, combined with the advantages of constant section and gradual section space elevator system, a model of segmented space elevator system is designed. This model has the characteristics of easier construction, more practical functions, and easier maintenance. The cyclic iterative method is proposed to calculate the stress distribution of the space elevator system. The maximum stress variation and system scale variation of segmented space elevator system with different segment numbers is analyzed and compared with the system scale of constant section and gradual section space elevator system. The results show that the segmented space elevator model can significantly reduce the peak stress of the space elevator system under the condition of limited increase in the system scale, and the peak stress is 56% lower than that of the constant section space elevator model. Considering the number of segments, peak stress, and system scale, the calculation results show that the optimal number of segments is 5 or 6.


Photocatalytic deposition of Ag nanoparticles from a mixed aqueous solution of AgNO_3 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) onto TiO_2 film supported on indium-tin oxide-coated glass slide (Ag/TiO_2 film) was carried out by using UV light irradiation. The size and shape of the Ag nanoparticles were controlled by the addition of PVP during the photodeposition. In the optical absorption spectra of the Ag/TiO_2 film, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption of the Ag nanoparticles was observed. When the film was immersed in various kinds of alcohols with the refractive index at 20°C ( n _D^20), ranging between 1.3292 and 1.4103, the peak LSPR absorption was shifted to longer wavelengths and the peak absorbance increased with increasing n _D^20. The spectral change of the Ag/TiO_2 film with larger spherical Ag nanoparticles was more prominent than that with smaller ones.


PURPOSE: An one-body type constant temperature and humidity reserving apparatus is provided to be easily transported and simply installed by integrally mounting a compressor and condensers as well as reduce maintenance costs by humidifying and dehumidifying using the radiation heat of the condensers. CONSTITUTION: A compressor(10) is mounted in a main body(2) to compress coolant. A heat radiation auxiliary condenser(12) is serially connected to the compressor(10) and is mounted in an aperture(9) of the main body(2) vented to outside. A heating auxiliary condenser(14) is serially connected to the compressor(10) to be mounted to be close to an evaporator(11) cooling absorbed air, and is connected in parallel to the condenser(12) to radiate heat, and is connected to a solenoid valve. A humidifier(20) is connected in parallel to the condenser(12) and heats water using the radiation heat of a humidifying condenser(13) connected to a solenoid valve. An exhaust fan(16) absorbs external air through the aperture(9) for the cooling of the condenser(12), and radiates heat from the compressor(10) and the humidifier(20).


The amino acids in highland barley seedlings extract was determined by HPLC-ESI/MS with 2-[2-(dibenzocarbazole)-ethoxy] ethyl chloroformate(DBCEC-Cl) as the sensitive pre-column derivatization reagent.The results showed that there were 13 kind of amino acids in highland barley seedlings extract,and the total content was 81.6mg/g,and there were 6 kinds of amino acids that couldn't be synthesized by the body itself,including lysine(Lys),methionine(Met),leucine(Leu),isolencine(Ile),threonine(Thr) and valine(Val),and their contents amounted to 41.8mg/g with accounting for 51.2% of the total amino acids.The method is sensitive and reliable with good repeatability,that is as the ideal analysis of full-spectrum amino acids in highland barely seedlings.


Phase equilibria of the system Tl-Al-5n at 900 o C were investigated and are presented in form of an isothermal section.The occurrence of a ternary phase Ti5Sn2Al having W5Si3-type structure is reported


A procedure is proposed which accounts for final state interaction corrections for near threshold meson production in nucleon-nucleon scattering. In analogy with the Watson-Migdal approximation, it is shown that in the limit of extremely strong final state effects, the amplitude factorizes into a primary production amplitude and an elastic scattering amplitude describing a $3 \to 3$ transition. This amplitude determines the energy dependence of the reaction cross section near the reaction threshold almost solely. The approximation proposed satisfies the Fermi-Watson theorem and the coherence formalism. Application of this procedure to meson production in nucleon-nucleon scattering shows that, while corrections due to the meson-nucleon interaction are small for s-wave pion production, they are crucial for reproducing the energy dependence of the $\eta$ production cross section.


In this paper an ultra low power super-regenerative transceiver using 300nm gate length GaAs packaged transistors is described. The transmitter consumes 400muW and transmits a -11dBm OOK signal at 2.48 GHz. The receiver consumes 380muW and produces an a.c. voltage of 1.6mV for a -58 dBm input power at 2.48GHz. An omnidirectional, low cost, low profile, 2.45 GHz microstrip fed 'rectaxial' antenna having an average gain better than 2.2 dBi, a > 200 MHz bandwidth and a return loss of approximately 20 dB at the centre frequency is also reported


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate value co-creation processes from the focal dyad of the patient and the physician and how their experiences in the consulting room affect the value that is created. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews incorporating the critical incident technique (CIT) were conducted with 8 doctors and 24 outpatients in selected hospitals in Ghana, exploring their experiences during their encounter in the service delivery impacting on the value creating healthcare opportunities. An abductive and thematic analytical approach was used to identify 76 useable critical incidents that had clear consequences on both the outcome of the service and the service experiences of the patient. Findings – The study reveals three critical areas needed to support the value co-creation process and respective elements or activities to be considered during the service encounter. The critical areas comprise of the social context, beliefs and perceptions, and partnership ...


The present study examined the relationship between structural indicators of quality in early childhood programs to observed quality in the classroom. Observational data about the global process quality and the quality of teacher-child interactions was collected in a sample of 113 center-based preschool classrooms in four Midwestern states. Results indicated that the single strongest predictor of observed process quality was the use of an evidence-based curriculum. Multiple regression analyses identified a similar relationship between a group of structural indicators and process quality. However, indicators of mulitcollinearity among the predictor variables were found. To address the issue of multicollinearity, a cumulative index of seven assets was developed. Classrooms with a greater number of assets were found to have higher ratings of quality. These results support the idea that multiple structural features of early care and education programs work together to create a climate of high quality within the early childhood classroom.


Defining the best management strategies for patients with stable ischaemic heart disease (SIHD) has been the subject of scientific study for nearly 50 years since the advent of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery by Favaloro in 1967 and, a decade later, the development of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) by Gruentzig in 1977. Randomised controlled trials of CABG surgery versus medical therapy were initiated in the late 1970s and 1980s in patients with SIHD and showed that revascularisation reduced MI and mortality in subsets of patients with three-vessel and left main coronary artery disease (CAD). In the 1990s, randomised controlled trials of PCI versus medical therapy, initially with balloon angioplasty (Angioplasty Compared to Medicine [ACME] and Second Randomised Intervention Treatment of Angina [RITA-2]), were similarly undertaken in SIHD patients and showed significantly better angina relief and treadmill exercise performance with PCI, although no reduction in death or MI. Nevertheless, the widespread availability of PCI greatly expanded the number of patients who could be revascularised safely and pushed revascularisation therapy to become routine for SIHD patients in many locales.


SUMMARY The honeybee alarm pheromones 2·heptanone and isopentyl acetate were repellent to honeybee foragers when applied to plots of oil-seed rape and field beans and to sunflower heads. Their possible use to repel bees from crops before insecticide application is discussed.


In terms of the control problem with uncertain parameters for the chaotic system of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor( PMLSM),based on the RBF neural network with a strong nonlinear mapping ability,a feedback control method with radial basis function neural network( RBFNN) is proposed in this paper. This method uses the stator quadrature axis current,direct axis current and speed of the PMLSM as the control variables. Firstly,chaotic dynamics characteristics of the three variables were studied by RBFNN,and then feedback control chaotic systems based on RBFNN model was well trained.The simulation results showed that the proposed method is with strong robustness,strong anti-jamming capability,fast responsibility and high control precision.


Purpose
This study aims to examine the impact of boardroom diversity on the financial stability of Chinese financial listed firms. Boardroom diversity is quantified in the following aspects: relation-oriented diversity and task-oriented diversity.

Design/methodology/approach
Panel data on Chinese financial listed firms between 1998 and 2017 are used in this study. Panel regression is used to analyze the firm data for fixed effects and robust standard errors.

Findings
Task-oriented diversity of the board increases financial stability. Regarding the impact of boardroom diversity on firm risk, the results reveal that task-oriented diversity of the board reduces firm risk, which supports the predictions of this research. Regarding the moderating effect of state ownership on the relationship between boardroom diversity (task- and relation-oriented diversity) and financial stability, the results show that state ownership enhances the positive impact of the board's task-oriented diversity on financial stability.

Practical implications
Task-oriented diversity of the board enhances the financial stability of Chinese financial listed firms. As existing studies on bank boards in China are limited, the findings of this research can be used when crafting policy initiatives to enhance financial stability.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effect of boardroom diversity, particularly task- and relation-oriented diversity, on financial stability. It provides empirical support that boardroom diversity positively affects the financial stability of Chinese financial listed firms. This research also offers empirical evidence that state ownership enhances the positive impact of the board's task-oriented diversity on financial stability.


Background Epidural meperidine is effective for postoperative analgesia, but the optimum dose has not been evaluated. Methods Five doses of epidural meperidine (12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg) given at the first request for analgesia after cesarean section were compared. Visual analog pain scores, duration of analgesia as defined by time to first patient‐controlled epidural analgesia demand, plasma concentrations of meperidine, side effects, and subsequent 24‐h consumption of meperidine were evaluated. Results All doses were effective, but patients took longer to become pain‐free after 12.5 mg (median 30 min) compared with 25 mg (median 12 min, P = 0.038), and duration of analgesia was shorter after 12.5 mg (median 83 min) compared with 25 mg (median 165 min, P = 0.0005). Increasing dose to more than 25 mg did not improve onset or duration of analgesia. Plasma concentrations of meperidine were less than minimum effective analgesia concentration for all doses except 100 mg. There was more frequent nausea (P = 0.004) and dizziness (P = 0.0002) after 100 mg compared with smaller doses. Conclusions Epidural meperidine provides effective postoperative analgesia, although of relatively short duration. A single dose of 25 mg is superior to 12.5 mg, but there is no benefit from increasing the dose to 50 mg or greater.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with eosinophilia is an uncommon disorder with several distinctive clinical and pathologic features. Eosinophilia associated with ALL usually precedes the diagnosis of ALL; however, it can occur concomitantly or after the diagnosis of the leukemia. The eosinophilia often resolves with the remission of ALL, but frequently reappears at relapse. Whether this reappearance is due to relapsed leukemia or an associated infection remains unclear. Mortality has been reported from complications of both leukemia and eosinophilia. Few cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported for this disorder, some of them involving chromosome 5. Here, we report the case of a 9-year-old male who was diagnosed with ALL with eosinophilia and an unusual karyotype. The patient was a 9-year-old boy with no significant past medical history who presented to the UMass Memorial Medical Center following 2 – 3 weeks of intermittent low-grade fevers, a mildly productive cough and decreased activity. His physical examination was notable only for rare wheezes on the left side of the chest. Significant laboratory findings included a white blood cell count of 63 000 th/mm 3 with 85% eosinophils, 4% segmented neutrophils, 8% lymphocytes and 2% pathologic cells. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were mildly decreased at 10.8 g/dl and 31.5%, respectively, with a normal mean corpuscular volume of 78.7


Image classification is an important research area in computer vision. Organizing images into semantic categories can be extremely useful for searching and browsing through large collections of images. It is a challenging task in various application domains, including satellite image classification, syntactic pattern recognition, medical diagnosis, biometry, video surveillance, vehicle navigation, industrial visual inspection, robot navigation etc. There are different approaches for image classification and imbalanced data classification. This paper provides a review of different methods for classifying images and imbalanced data classification. This paper proposes a method for road detection and highlights the importance of the imbalanced data classification in detecting the road in a complex scenario.


: The agricultural revolution occurred because the un-managed environment was not providing food in either the quantity or quality that society desired. The "environmental revolution" is developing because the unmanaged environment is clearly not capable of assimilating societal wastes without being seriously degraded. Effective environmental management will require regional and site-specific modification of general principles and practices that can be used at a national or international level. An environmental management system can be operated in the same manner as any industrial quality control system with three basic components: (a) sensors at appropriate locations, (b) rapid generation and feedback of information, and (c) a quality control group capable of taking immediate effective action when system performance is outside predetermined boundary conditions. This discussion focuses primarily on three areas: (a) management options available to regulate intrusion of societal wastes into natural systems, (b) types of methods available for predicting and validating effects on natural systems, and (c) modifications of present legislation that would permit the most flexibility in selecting from the various management options. Also considered are multispecies toxicity tests using species with cosmopolitan distribution in test systems with a high degree of environmental realism. Among the many values of such tests is the ability to exchange information from all parts of the world effectively because the test organisms are not restricted to a particular geographic region.


We propose a novel method to extend the measnre- ment range of FMCW reflectometry. In this method, an optical loop with a frequency shifter (working frequency fi.s Hz) is in- corporated in the reference arm of the reflectometry. As a result, the interference signal corresponding to the reference beam that circulates N rounds in the loop appears around (N x ~FS) Hz, which means that the signals from different measurement ranges can be detected in different frequency domains. Therefore, it is possible to extend the measurement range. In the experiment, the measurement range is extended from 15 m to 48 m.


Gebo et al.1 have made a systematic review of published studies dealing with screening tests for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C to address 2 important questions: (1) what is the efficacy of screening in improving outcomes; and (2) what are the sensitivity and specificity of screening tests used in current clinical practice. They affirm to have conducted a thorough search of the literature from January 1996 through March 2002. Only one prospective surveillance study2 evaluating outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic liver disease was found. This study suggested that HCC could be detected earlier and could be resected more often in patients undergoing routine screening. Gebo et al1 stated that this study had important limitations because it was not randomized and it was susceptible to both selection and observer biases. They concluded that there was not enough evidence in the literature to draw any firm conclusion about the efficacy of screening using -fetoprotein and ultrasound in patients with chronic hepatitis C. I was surprised that our study3 was not included in the analysis. Because we were aware of the lack of definite data addressing the question of screening efficacy, our study was designed to analyze properly a series of outcomes measures (including eligibility for treatment and survival of patients in the prospective surveillance study) and economic issues (including cost of the program, cost per treatable case of HCC, and cost per year of life saved, if any). Our study included a group of 201 patients with chronic hepatitis C with cirrhosis. As a control group we evaluated a consecutive series of patients with HCC detected incidentally outside any specific surveillance program and referred to our center for definite diagnosis and treatment. We discussed that a randomized study on screening and surveillance is at present unrealistic and unfeasible (and probably unethical), at least in developed countries where the use of ultrasound in patients with chronic liver disease is widespread. This is also the position of the consensus document of the European Association for the Study of the Liver.4 Our study showed that the cumulative eligibility for treatment was not significantly different in the surveilled group in comparison with the nonsurveilled group (68.9% vs. 58.6%). However, the proportion of patients assigned to liver transplantation was significantly different (26% vs. 13%, P .01). The cumulative survival of patients with HCC detected in the surveillance program was significantly longer than that of controls (P .02) and the cost per year of life saved was $112,993 (in US$). We concluded that a surveillance program based on AFP and ultrasound at 6-month intervals required a large number of resources and offered little, but significant, benefit in terms of patient survival. I wonder if the analysis of this article may add some contribution to the conclusions of the important study of Gebo et al.1


The growth dynamics of micro-arc oxidation(MAO) films on 2A12 aluminum alloy was investigated.The microstructure,morphology,composition and phase constituents under different oxidation time conclitions were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the total film thickness increased linearly and the growth speed towards outer space was faster than that towards substrate.While the ration of dense layer in the film increased firstly then and decreased.The results of SEM show that many crater-mouth like traces formed by the plasma discharge were observed on the coating surface,and the thickness on the cross section became the same and the film/substrate interface became more even with the increase of MAO time.The results of XRD reveal that with increasing the oxidation time the content of γ-Al2O3 in the ceramic coatings inereased first and then decreased,while the content of α-Al2O3 increased.The process can be divided into six steps,including block layer formation,dielectric breakdown of the block layer,broadening of discharge channel,Al2O3 formation through the reaction in the channnel,melted oxide spraying out-cooling-solidification-phase transference,and formation of compact and loose layers.


A voltage-controlled neutral-point diode-clamped rectifier is proposed to achieve high power factor, low current distortion and constant dc bus voltage. The voltage stress of each power semiconductor of the adopted rectifier is equal to half dc bus voltage instead of full dc link voltage in the conventional switching mode rectifier. A voltage control scheme without current sensor is employed to track the line current command. The control signals of the power switches are derived from the dc link voltage controller and neutral point voltage compensator. A carrier-based PWM scheme is employed to draw a clean sinusoidal line current, high input power factor, regulated dc link voltage and balance capacitor voltages. Three voltage levels are generated on the ac terminal of the adopted rectifier. To verify the proposed operation scheme, performance characteristics are given by the simulation and experimental results.


Abstract : This report derives and analyzes a reduced-order model of a fluid-loaded, elastomeric-coated metallic plate. First, a full-order model of the system is derived using thick plate theory for both the elastomeric coating and the metallic plate. This results in open-form equations of the displacement and stress fields. Next, a reduced-order model is derived by changing the modeling theory of the metallic plate from plate equations to discrete mass equations, which results in a four-by-four system matrix. This new matrix can be symbolically inverted to yield closed-form solutions at every frequency and wavenumber. This closed-formed model is more desirable than the open-form model because the interaction of the physical constants in the stress and displacement fields is explicit. The reduced-order model is graphically compared to the full-order model, indicating that the reduced-order model is an accurate representation of the full-order model.


A 42‐year‐old man with hypertensive nephrosclerosis has been on hemodialysis for 3 years. His predialysis diastolic pressures range from 80 to 118 mm Hg despite treatment with clonidine and atenolol. Unlike most dialysis patients, his blood pressure often rises during and after dialysis sometimes climbing to diastolic values of 130 mm Hg. What is the basis for this paradoxical response to ultrafdtration? Will any specijic therapy be of benefit?


Reactions of 1,4-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzene (L) and zinc acetate salts with different multi-caboxylate acids: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic (p-H2BDC), isophthalic acid (m-H2BDC) and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) yield four entangled structures and one 3D supramolecular framework depending on pH variation. The structures of compounds 1–5 were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Topology analysis revealed that the entangled structures of compounds 1–4 covered a range of poly-threading, self-penetrating and interpenetrating coordination. Interestingly, the poly-threaded arrays with cyclohexane-like windows in chair conformation in compound 2 was firstly observed. What's more, compound 4 exhibited a rare eight-connected self-penetrating network based on trinuclear zinc clusters as nodes with 42464 topology. Photoluminescent properties and thermogravimetric analyses for 1–5, were also investigated in detail.


It briefly describes the background of Parlay X origin,the relation with Parlay API and interface function.It explains the application of Parlay X in mobile value-added service research with examples,and gives suggestion on open service,perfect capability and detailed interfaces.


Abstract The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the world's largest professional organization for the field of psychiatry. PsychiatryOnline is available through the APA's publishing division the American Psychiatric Association Publishing, which is a leading publisher of psychiatry materials. PsychiatryOnline is a web-based application that is regarded as an authoritative clinician-oriented web site and provides access to peer-reviewed journal publications plus access to one of the field's most important resource, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).


Small MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) deformable mirror (DM) technology is of great interest to the adaptive optics (AO) community. These new, MEMS-DM's are being considered for many conventional AO applications since they posses some advantages over conventional DM's. The MEMS-DM technology is driven by the expectation of achieving improved performance with lower costs, low electrical power, high number of actuators, high production rates, and large reductions in structural mass and volume. In addition to the imaging community, the directed energy community is also interested in taking advantages of some of the characteristics which MEMS-DM's offer. The Air Force Research Laboratory has undertaken the challenge of developing and analyzing several continuous face-sheet MEMS-DM's designs. This paper proposes a simple controls loop computer model for a typical continuous reflective face-sheet MEMS-DM. There are a variety of MEMS-DM's which are being developed for the Air Force Research Laboratory. Data from a typical continuous reflective face-sheet MEMS-DM has been acquired and analyzed. From this data a model for a typical MEMS-DM device could be developed and verified. This MEMS-DM's data can be compared to previous design models which were developed in previous articles. In addition a feedback, closed adaptive optics loop can be designed and analyzed. The research goal is to get a realistic idea of the behavior and performance of these new, innovative devices.


IN 1968, the seventieth anniversary of Brecht's birth, a small international group of Brecht scholars began to exchange notes on the state of Brecht research and to explore what might be done to further the international exchange of information on this controversial world figure. The first move towards this end was the organization of a Brecht Seminar at the 1968 meeting of the MODERN LANGUAGE AsSOCIATION OF AMERICA. The meeting, attended by some thirty-five Brecht authorities, was chaired by Professor Reinhold Grimm (University of Wisconsin, Madison) and Professor John Fuegi (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee). Beginning with a central concern of all Brecht scholars, the organizers of the meeting focussed the discussion on the present state of Brecht's published work, and illustrated the present state of textual confusion by means of a small selection of plays and a few essays from the Schriften zum Theater. From the lively and informed discussion of the text of Trommeln in der Nacht and Die Mutter which followed, and which then lead to a general discussion of the 1968 Werkausgabe in twenty volumes, it became clear that the problems being touched upon would need the concentrated and informed efforts of a large team of Brecht scholars in order to work out even provisional solutions. Consequently, it was decided that though national and international seminars devoted to specific problems of Brecht research and held under the auspices of various theatrical and philological organizations could serve a very useful purpose and should continue to be held, some central clearing house should be established for the encouragement of research into all aspects of Brecht's many and varied interests and for the publication of its results. To this end, the members of the Seminar forthwith voted a) to constitute themselves an interna-


The case is presented for a more human vision of development which would mean a different attitude to globalization. The philosophy of John Macmurray goes beyond traditional dualism of body and mind and the dialectic of Hegel both of which influence much current theorizing to give priority to action over thinking. He challenges contemporary orthodoxy by emphasizing the personal and thus raises questions about the value of scientific knowledge for solving the problems of globalization. The strategy of writing development "under erasure" as introduced by Jacques Derrida emphasizes its problematic status. Thus we do have tools to reflect on what is meant by progress and economics and efficiency, and thus reconsider what we might be doing or destroying if we are trying to impose change on the "underdeveloped" of the world. tells us: "All meaningful knowledge is for the sake of action, and all meaningful action for the sake of friendship" p. 15. The thinking of Howard Richards and associates, and his account of a specific development project in Chile P.P.H. are offered to illustrate this new way of approaching these issues, as it becomes possible to move away from the impersonal conception of efficiency towards the ultimate value of the personal. Thus we can perhaps come to see our future in terms of what we can do to try to build community community from the local to the global.


On a compact n-dimensional manifold M n , a critical point of the total scalar curvature functional, restricted to the space of metrics with constant scalar curvature of volume 1, satisfies the critical point equation (CPE), given by z g = s'* g (f). It has been conjectured that a solution (g, f) of the CPE is Einstein. Restricting our considerations to n = 3 and assuming that there exist at least two distinct solutions of the CPE throughout the paper, we first prove that, if the second homology of M 3 vanishes, then M 3 is diffeomorphic to S 3 (Theorem 2). Secondly, we prove that the same conclusion holds if we have a lower Ricci curvature bound or the connectedness of a certain surface of M 3 (Theorem 3). Finally, we also prove that, if two connected surfaces of M 3 are disjoint, (M 3 , g) is isometric to a standard 3-sphere (Theorem 4).


ATP binding to the first nucleotide binding domain of MRP1 plays a regulatory role at low nucleotide concentration whereas ATP hydrolysis at the second plays a dominant role in ATP-dependent LTC4 transport.


The article is dedicated to the problem of examining appellativeness as a functional-semantic category that combines different variants in meaning of incentive to action and plays a major role in constructing texts of the official business style. As a textual category, appellativeness is expressed by a wide range of speech and linguistic means that should be used in specific real communicative situations. The purpose of research is to specify the categorical status of appellativeness among other textual categories, to analyse its inner functional relations between units of different linguistic levels as well as peculiarities of functioning of speech signals of appellativeness in particular texts of the official business style. The object of research is appellativeness as a functional-semantic and at the same time text building category that combines different variants of incentive to action. The scientific novelty of the results of investigation lies in including in scientific linguistic discourse the meaning of appellativeness of the official business style, revealing conceptual parameters of this category in speech and language, and studying its text building potential. The received theoretical results and practical research material can be used in educational process while elaborating the communicative course, lecture and seminar courses in stylistics, linguistics of text, special courses in sociolinguistics and in educational and methodological manuals, covering specific problematic cases. The realization of the functional-semantic category of appellativeness in the official business text, for which the existing category is characteristic and influences the addressing of the text, endows the text with particular systematic structural characteristics, testifies about the penetration of appellativeness in text material and allows to consider this category as a factor of formation of appellativeness in official business texts.


In many discussions of tragedy, the names Loxias and Phoebus are generally ignored because it is assumed that metrical demands are influencing name choice. In this article, we begin by taking the semantics of each name seriously and examine the context in which each is used in four tragedies dealing with the Oedipus story: Aeschylus' Seven, Sophocles' Oedipus Tyrannus and Oedipus Coloneus, and Euripides' Phoenissae. The results of this analysis suggest that these two appellations were part of a naming convention with dramatic significance for the audience and its understanding of the characters and their actions at various moments in the plays.


Abstract A range of iron ores were used in varying proportions to prepare 28 different ore mixtures. Each mixture was classified according to its granulation index and sintered in a pilot plant. The resulting sinters were characterised by chemical analysis, degradation during reduction in the blast furnace (reduction degradation index test), cold strength (tumbler test), coke consumption and process productivity. Sinter quality was assessed in relation to the granulation index of the ore mixture.


A representative embodiment of the invention provides a projection system (100) having a laser source (110) that incorporates a tunable liquid lens (120) and a spatial light modulator (130) adapted to modulate light generated by the laser source to project an image (142) on a viewing screen (140). The tunable liquid lens is adapted to vary focal length, alignment or position with respect to an optical element that is external to the lens, ability to diffuse light, and/or polarization rotation angle.


Novel 2,3-disubstituted quinoxaline quinones and a tricyclic quinone containing the quinoxaline nucleus are reported together with their one-electron reduction chemistry and the EPR spectra of the radical anions.


For its health care needs, the average big city family noW spends annually amounts ranging from $300 in Atlanta to over $400 in New York, or 5.3 to 6.9 percent of its current living ex~ penses. This compares with expenditures averaging $175 to $264, or 4.6 to 5.8 percent of living expenses a decade ago. New data on how families in seven large metropolitan areas spend their take-home pay has recently been made available by the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and reported by the Health Insurance Institute.


Sarcoidosis is a chronic systemic disorder of an unknown etiology and it is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in multiple organs. The granulomatous leison affected by sarcoidosis is marked by the accumulation and activation of CD4+ helper T (Th) cells with the Th1 phenotype and monocytes/macrophages, which suggest that a Th1-type immune response plays a dominant role in the disease pathogenesis [1]. For example, the important roles for IFN-γ and IL-12 were found in sarcoid lung [2], and a genome-wide gene expression analysis of sarcoid lund tissues identified signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 gene (STAT1) as one of the dominant network genes most highly expressed in the sarcoidosis group [3].


The article analyzes the structure of energy consumption of its own use of modern multiple unit rolling stock. It includes the data of the energy consumption of its own needs for electrical trains, manufactured in Russia. It also shows the features of the power of static frequency converters of main air compressors and compressors of air conditioning systems. There is a review of expediency of power supply of tubular heating elements of climate control systems using on-board network or high voltage circuit. The article provides the description of different options of the auxiliary converter. The structure of the on-board DC network is also described. The article defines the criteria for choosing the power supply system for the newly designed rolling stock


Objective:To investigate the MSCT features of tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC).Methods:MSCT manifestations of 5 cases with tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma confirmed by pathology were reviewed retrospectively.All patients underwent plain and contrast-enhanced MSCT before surgery.Results:All lesions mainly manifested as intra-luminal tumors with broad substratum and 3 tumors manifested as intra-and extra-luminal growth pattern.The tumor located at thoracic trachea in 3 patients and at right principal bronchus in 2 patients.All lesions infiltrated along the tracheal walls with irregular shape,ill-defined margin,homogenous low attenuation without calcification on plain MSCT scan and heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced MSCT scan.Multi-planar reformation(MPR) displayed that the mean maximum long axis of the lesions was 3.4 cm(range,1.8 to 5.5 cm).The tumors infiltrated along the tracheal walls with thickness and narrowness.Enlarged right hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes were seen in 1 patient.Pleural effusion was not seen.Conclusion:Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma has certain MSCT characteristics.MSCT with MPR can display clearly the growth pattern and some invasive characteristics of ACC including extraluminal extension and infiltrative wall thickening.


The invention discloses a method for brewing dendrobium nobile wine. Dendrobium nobile is used as one of raw materials, corns and potatoes are used as matrixes, and the dendrobium nobile wine is prepared by the procedures of pretreating, mixing, medicine feeding, primary fermenting, secondary fermenting, squeezing, clarifying, wine decocting, inspecting, bottling and storing. During production, the dendrobium nobile serving as the raw material is subjected to combined hydrolysis by using cellulose and pectinase, so that nutrients beneficial to a human body, contained in the Dendrobium nobile,can be separated out fully; and meanwhile, the corns and the potatoes are used as the matrixes, so that the production cost is reduced and simultaneously the prepared dendrobium nobile wine is red brown, has a unique scorch flavor, is mellow, palatable and slightly bitter and has a long-lasting aftertaste. A product of the dendrobium nobile wine has multiple obvious health-care functions of removing lead, enhancing memory ability and immunity, deferring senility, increasing anoxia resistance, preventing osteoporosis and the like. The method is easy to master and can be applied to scale production.


The various framework has been developed to deal with the big data in the remote sensing field. A comparison between the two big data processing frameworks known as Hadoop and Spark is presented in this article. The unstructured and structured data is processed efficiently with the spark framework. The Hadoop framework is used two elements Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), for storage and MapReduce to process the data. The Hadoop MapReduce system shows computational complexity in terms of big data processing. The execution time of the spark framework is faster than the Hadoop MapReduce platform of big data processing. We tested the PARAFAC tensor factorization-based data imputation task on the Hadoop and Spark platform. The data imputation task outcomes in Spark are much faster than the Hadoop and without an API framework. The execution time during Spark framework is lesser than the Hadoop and without API model of tensor factorization


The historical understanding of polyphase silicon nitride, abbreviated throughout as SiN, has been a multidisciplinary effort that contributed to the sophistication of Ceramic Science over the last 50 years. This understanding and the development of SiN leading to significantly improved properties has been linked by uncovering relations between phase equilibrium, processing science, microstructural development and properties. The understanding of how to represent phase relations between Si 3 N 4 , other phases, eutectics and other important constituents in different Si-N-O-M systems was pioneered by Gunter Petzow, his students, post-docs and co-workers at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Metallforschung in Stuttgart. It will be seen that this representation was one key to unlock the understanding of SiN properties as related to composition and its development into one of the modern ceramics of today. Major events and discoveries concerning these silicon nitride materials will be reviewed with reference major contributors to its science and technology.


This article engages with the recently published volume Wenn Demokratien demokratisch untergehen (Vienna: Passagen Verlag, 2019). This work, which is available in German only, focuses on the danger that democracies perish democratically. Today's crisis of democracy, so the argument of the volume goes, is that while there are – at least formally – more democracies than ever before, there are forces that erode democracy's fundamental principles and values from within the democratic space.The purpose of this essay is to introduce the arguments of leading democratic theorists to a non-German speaking audience, to construct a narrative that brings to the fore the multiple challenges that democratic societies face today, and finally, to warn against a certain anti-progressive habit in democratic and political theory.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a new model combining pixel-wise and region-based deep learning to provide a pavement inspection technology for jointly obtaining the distress classes, locations, and geometric information. This proposed model, called the segmentation RCNN, added an extract branch in a faster region convolutional neural network (Faster RCNN) for assigning the pixels in each region of interest (ROI) from an image into one of the pavement distresses or background, in parallel with the existing branches for ROI classification and bounding-box regression in the Faster RCNN. The effectiveness of the proposed model was tested by a pavement-image database collected from 16 asphalt pavements. The results indicated that the proposed model detected and segmented the pavement distresses (cracks, potholes, and patches) with mean intersection over unions of 87.6% and 70.3%, respectively. The proposed model was stable under various real-world conditions. The model reduced the computation costs, which provided a novel direction to achieve real-time pavement inspection.


The expenses for the blast furnace coke are one of most significant part of the hot metal cost. To save the coke, various technologies are used, capable to replace the coke by cheaper additional fuel (AF), in particular by natural gas (NG). The injection of considerable volumes of NG results in an increase of hydrogen share in the blast furnace gases and in a significant variation in the blast furnace technology. Study of peculiarities of such variations is necessary to use the NG more effectively. Based on the mathematical model of the blast furnace process, estimation of the effect of natural gas hydrogen on changes in the heat and reducing processes along the blast furnace radius was accomplished. A formula was elaborated, confirmed by practice, for calculating the degree of hydrogen usage ηН2along the radius of the furnace. It was determined, that the reducing action of hydrogen along the furnace radius takes place unevenly –decreasing from the periphery to the axial zone of the blast furnace. To estimate the quantitative relations of the reducing action of hydrogen, parameters of the PAO "MMK" and PAO "ArcelorMittal Krivoy Rog" blast furnaces for a long period of operation were analyzed. It was determined, that in the axial and intermediate zones of a blast furnace, values of criterion RН2, designating the oxygen share in the burden removed by hydrogen, are in the range of 0.11–0.16 and weakly depend on the NG consumption. In the peripheral zone near the walls, the value of R Н 2 sharply increases to 0.22–0.27. In this zone of the blast furnace the quantity the burden oxygen, removed by hydrogen, accounts for 80–85%. Therefore, hydrogen accomplished the heat and reducing processes mainly in the peripheral zone of the furnace. At the NG consumption increase, the ore load should be increased for the peripheral zone, near the walls individually accounting hydrogen action along the furnace radius. This will make possible to increase the degree of hydrogen usage and decrease the coke consumption.


The focus of this dissertation is ad hoc wireless networks. A correct efficient operation of such networks depends on the interaction of several protocols dealing with routing, medium access control, power control and many other issues. This dissertation is primarily concerned with the development and evaluation of such protocols.
In this dissertation, we show how flooding can be adopted as a reliable and efficient routing scheme in ad-hoc wireless mobile networks. It turns out that, with the assistance of some tunable heuristics, flooding is not necessarily inferior to sophisticated point-to-point forwarding schemes. We have developed a reactive broadcast-based ad-hoc routing protocol in which flooding exhibits a tendency to converge on a narrow strip of nodes along the shortest path between source and destination. The width of this strip can be adjusted automatically or by the user. We also point out a certain deficiency inherent in the IEEE 802.11 family of collision avoidance schemes in handling broadcast packets, and show how to fix it to provide better service to broadcast-based routing schemes represented by our variant of controlled flooding.
Next, we consider the topology control problem whose objective is to minimize the amount of power needed to maintain connectivity. The issue boils down to selecting the optimum transmission power level at each node, based on the position information of reachable nodes. Local decisions regarding the transmission power level induce a subgraph of the maximum powered graph. We propose a new algorithm for constructing minimum-energy path-preserving subgraphs of the maximum powered graph.
Routing protocols use another important service called 'broadcasting' for different purposes. The primary goal of any broadcast scheme is to reduce the total number of retransmissions needed to reach all nodes in the network. Another performance measure, which has not received as much attention, is the broadcast latency. We demonstrate that these two objectives, i.e., reducing the number of retransmissions, and reducing the latency, are contradictory and result in a trade off. We also show how to adjust the stochastic component of the popular class of contention resolution schemes based on IEEE 802.11 to significantly reduce the broadcast latency.


This paper describes the development of a bioprocess system for removing significant concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated water sources. The core of the system is an immobilized microbe bioreactor in which specific adapted microbial strains can be established within an inert porous packing


Two new ethyl maltolato coordinated mononuclear oxidovanadium(V) complexes [VOLa(emt)]·DMF (1) and [VOLb(emt)] (2), where H2La = N'-(4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-hydroxybenzohydrazide, H2Lb = N'-(4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide, Hemt = ethyl maltol, have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy and powder XRD analysis. Structures of the complexes were further characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the V atoms in the complexes adopt octahedral coordination. The hydrazones behave as NOO tridentate ligands. The catalytic epoxidation properties on cyclooctene of the complexes were investigated.


Following Coe and Helpman (International R&D Spillovers, EER, 39, 859-887, 1995), the literature on the trade-related channels of international knowledge flows has flourished. Departing from Coe and Helpman's tenets on the proportionality of trade and productivity spillovers and thus relaxing the implicit assumption that the knowledge transferred internationally is physically embodied in the exchanged products, we test whether relatively strong bilateral trade relationships are significantly associated with important international R&D spillovers. Notably, we focus on refined measures of bilateral trade that account for country size, time-invariant pair-specific factors and time-varying country-specific factors. By distinguishing closer and more distant trade partners without weighting their R&D stocks for the bilateral trade flows, we show that trade is indeed an international transmission channel of knowledge even when distance and other pair specific time-invariant factors are taken into account.


Introducing its now-abolished carbon price from July 2012, Australia argued that a price on carbon would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by improving energy efficiency and increasing investment in clean technology innovation. The United Kingdom has priced carbon since 2008 and is in the process of major electricity market reform with the aim of attracting 100 billion pounds of infrastructure investment. British Columbia in Canada introduced a carbon tax in 2008, providing support for clean technology industries through a variety of allowances and operating subsidies. This article compares the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, to assess the evidence base and policy experience of these jurisdictions in carbon pricing. In so doing, the article identifies what lessons can be learnt from these policy frameworks in order to promote investment in low-carbon innovation.


Citation: Lacet DFR, Nóbrega VC, Marques MEA, Marques SA, Oliveira CC (2020) Skin Vesicles: Rare Presentation of Mycosis Fungoides. J Dermatol Res Ther 6:092. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5750/1510092 Accepted: November 28, 2020: Published: November 30, 2020 Copyright: © 2020 Lacet DFR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Open Access ISSN: 2469-5750


1 TMB‐8 (8–(N,N‐diethylamino)octyl‐3, 4, 5 trimethoxybenzoate HCl), an intracellular calcium antagonist, had no direct action on the pulmonary vasculature of the perfused canine lung lobe preparation. 2 The pulmonary pressor response to the thromboxane mimic, U46619, was not affected by TMB‐8. 3 The vasopressor response to prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α>) was significantly attenuated but not completely blocked by TMB‐8. 4 We conclude that the pulmonary pressor response to PGF2α is dependent on both intracellular and extracellular calcium pools for contraction and that U46619 facilitates either solely extracellular calcium influx or mobilizes an intracellular calcium pool not inhibited by TMB‐8.


We study the dependence of start current in Smith-Purcell backwardwave oscillator (SP-BWO) on grating parameters and electron beam parameters. The attenuation due to finite conductivity of the grating material is taken into account and three-dimensional effects are included in an approximate way in the analysis. We find that the start current can be significantly reduced by optimizing the grating parameters.


Methionine-sensitive mutants of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were found to map at 16 loci, min1–min16, seven of which are allelic to known ade loci involved in adenine biosynthesis. The mutant min1–106 was shown to be located within the ade6 locus by intragenic recombination analysis. Methionine sensitivity of these mutants is reversible by adenine supplementation and their pigmentation is similar to that of the corresponding ade mutants. We conclude, therefore, that these min mutants are incompletely blocked in adenine biosynthesis. These observations further indicate that adenine biosynthesis in S. pombe is inhibited by methionine or a metabolite derived from it. For some other min mutants showing reversibility of methionine sensitivity by leucine or proline, no allelism to known leu or pro loci was detected.


The adsorption of Pb ̄(2+), Cd ̄(2+)and Cr ̄(3+)ions respectively on the raw be ntonite and theconditions of flocculation of bentonite are studied in this paper.Combining the adsorption andflocculation,a new technology for treating wastewater is thus presented.When 0.04%of ben-tonite and 0.006%of PAC are added,93%of Pb ̄(2+) iOn can be removed from the low concentra-tion wastewater.


This book tells a contemporary story of creativity and living tradition, tracking the voices of manikay singers from Ngukurr, South East Arnhem Land. Focus is given to the collaboration between Wagilak songmen and the Australian Art Orchestra known as Crossing Roper Bar. The interwoven voices, narratives and histories of this project are explored and documented, as they demonstrate a productive approach to cultural sustenance and intercultural engagement.
Analysis of various structural, narrative, performative and historical aspects of Wagilak song and Crossing Roper Bar, draw together abundant examples supporting the thesis that tradition exists as a dynamic interplay animated by individual creativity and novel context, a conversation between the past and the present amid ongoing iterations of performance.


We present a novel method to form more than 10,000 asymmetric lipid-bilayer membranes at a time on micro-chamber arrays. In our method, the arrayed asymmetric lipid-bilayers, where lipid compositions are different between inner and outer leaflets, are formed by injecting several kinds of liquids into a micro-device that has hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic surfaces. The lipid compositional asymmetry is an intrinsic property of bio-membranes, and therefore, this platform extends the versatility of artificial lipidbilayer system, which had been limited to symmetric-bilayer formation, and could contribute to understand the role of lipid compositional asymmetry in cell physiology.


: In the present paper, we obtain the upper bounds for the second Hankel determinant for certain subclasses of analytic and bi-univalent functions. Moreover, several interesting applications of the results presented here are also discussed.


Conventional memories such as SRAM, DRAM, and FLASH have set a very high cost/performance standard. Yet, recent advances in new materials, device technologies and circuits have made many emerging memories attractive candidates for a new generation of memories.


The model of a plate brittle material reinforced with randomly sized and placed rigid rectilinear inclusions that do not interact with each other is considered. The geometric parameters of inclusions (length and orientation) are statistically independent random variables, with certain given laws of probability distribution. Diagrams of statistical strength criterion for such plates are constructed under conditions of comprehensive tension-compression. The diagrams are constructed for plates using a material of a different structural inhomogeneity and Poisson's ratio of an elastic homogeneous matrix. The statistical nature of the scale effect is studied, the intensity of which depends on the type of stress state. MSC 2010: 74R10, 74R99, 60K35, 82C03


NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductase (EC 22.214.171.124) was purified 23-fold with an overall yield of 11% from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor AKU 4429, in 4 steps and, by adding ammonium sulfate, the enzyme was crystallized. The enzyme has a strict requirement for NADPH and irrversibly reduces a number of aldehydes, such as p-nitrobenzaldehyde, pyridine-3-aldehyde and d-glyceraldehyde. Furthermore, it was found that the enzyme catalyses stereospecific reduction of 4-halo-3-oxobutanoate esters to the corresponding (R)-4-halo-3-hydroxybutanoate esters, which are promising chiral compounds for the chemical synthesis of l-carnitine.


Vocal art is a combination art of music and language.Language is an important component of singing.The theme of song is produced on the basis of language,language can give out the feelings of author's heart and mind of directly and accurately,which has no comparison with any other forms of music.This paper,emphasizes that:vocal art is a perfect combination of music and language;vocal language is the double training of literature and stage;vocal music theory is a dialectical unification of clear pronunciation and mellow voice.


We report superconductivity in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (PA-MBE) grown epitaxial InN films having carrier density ∼ 1019 − 1020cm-3. The superconducting phase transition starts at temperatures around Tc,onset∼3 K and the resistance goes to zero completely at Tc0 ∼ 1.6 K. The temperature dependence of the critical field HC2(T) does not obey a two fluid Casimir-Gorter (C-G) model rather it is well explained by the 2-D Tinkham model. The extrapolated value of the zero-temperature perpendicular critical field HC2(0) is found to be between 0.25 − 0.9 T, which is ten times greater than that of Indium metal. It may indicate the intrinsic nature of superconductivity in InN films. The angle dependence of critical field is well described by Lawrence-Doniach (L-D) model, which suggest the existence of quasi-2D superconducting layers.We report superconductivity in Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (PA-MBE) grown epitaxial InN films having carrier density ∼ 1019 − 1020cm-3. The superconducting phase transition starts at temperatures around Tc,onset∼3 K and the resistance goes to zero completely at Tc0 ∼ 1.6 K. The temperature dependence of the critical field HC2(T) does not obey a two fluid Casimir-Gorter (C-G) model rather it is well explained by the 2-D Tinkham model. The extrapolated value of the zero-temperature perpendicular critical field HC2(0) is found to be between 0.25 − 0.9 T, which is ten times greater than that of Indium metal. It may indicate the intrinsic nature of superconductivity in InN films. The angle dependence of critical field is well described by Lawrence-Doniach (L-D) model, which suggest the existence of quasi-2D superconducting layers.


ABSTRACT This study aims to utilise sericulture biowaste, i.e. waste silkworm pupae, for mass production of the predatory stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff). To achieve this, waste silkworm pupae were frozen and their suitability as a feed to E. furcellata was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The survival, development and biological fitness of the E. furcellata on silkworm pupae were determined and compared with other frozen larvae i.e. Galleria mellonella and Corcyra cephalonica as a feed to the predator. The results indicated that the predator can be successfully mass produced on frozen waste silkworm pupa without any effect on its developmental biology, reproduction and fitness. The optimal production rates and the predation of E. furcellata on silkworm pupae were similar to that on a natural host. It is concluded that the waste silkworm pupae from sericulture industry can be used as a feed/prey for the mass production of the predatory pentatomids.


In an address to the Australian Population Association Biennial Conference during October 1998, the Immigration and Multicultural Affairs Minister Philip Ruddock argued that neither the zero net overseas migration policy nor the massive boost in immigration are in the national interest of Australia. Environmental groups generally view that Australia should adopt a policy of zero net overseas migration. On the other hand, business and industry bodies consider that a substantial increase in the migration intake is needed in order to increase economic growth and to reduce the impact of an aging population. Moreover, some are concerned about population targets reaching up to 50 million in 50 years time. Thus, management of immigration policy is a difficult balancing act between competing objectives. The Minister concluded that their immigration program must operate on a totally global and nondiscriminatory basis regarding matters such as race, religion, color, and ethnic origin.


The invention relates to a nano catalyst which is prepared through the supercritical fluid combination technology and is used for the preparation of ethylene, acrylic and butylene through the direct conversion of syngas CO+H2 and a preparation method thereof. A method of chemical precipitation plus cohesive sediment plus supercritical drying is adopted for successfully preparing a nanometer iron-based catalyst. And main catalytic component Fe and addition agent are dispersed highly. Thus, high catalytic activity and good catalytic effect are obtained. Proved by the test result, the catalyst comprises the main chemical components of (Fe, Mn)O, Alpha-Fe, Cu , Zn , FexCy, K2O, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CuO, ZnO, MnO, CaO, MgO, Li2O and Na2O. The average particle size of the catalyst is 3-18nm, the specific area is 250-400m /g, and the average aperture is 4-20nm. The catalyst is applied to the Feito synthesis reaction of the ethylene, the acrylic and the butylene made from syngas. The conversion rate of CO reaches 96 percent above. The selectivity of hydrocarbon in a gaseous phase product can reach 93 percent. The content of the ethylene, the acrylic and the butylene can reach 60 percent above. Liquid product is water.


Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) refers to hematopoietic neoplasms characterized by defective development of myeloid progenitors (erythrocytic, granulocytic, and megakaryocytic cell lines) and bone marrow. Clinical signs are characterized by blood cytopenias that can affect one or all three myeloid cell lines and bone marrow irregularities. Because of this heterogeneity, patients can present with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and/or neutropenia and it is important to determine prognosis, severity, and progression. Currently, the standard method for determining a diagnosis of MDS is based on metaphase cytogenetics which is limited in its scope. Other newer karyotyping procedures such a fluorescent in situ hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism assay have improved the ability to evaluate patients. However, these tests still do not establish conclusive key fundamental biomolecular-genetic origins. It is hoped that in the future diagnostics will include information that further supports development of clinical prognostic and therapeutic options.
 Many mutational abnormalities have been discovered in MDS. The mutation of interest in this investigation is a shortened isoform of the SON protein which has been implicated to contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS, acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and other malignancies. SON is a splicing cofactor that regulates the cell cycle and stability by interacting with genes and proteins known to contribute to tumorigenesis. Samples were obtained from patients being evaluated for cytopenia, MDS, AML, and other myeloid neoplasms and compared SON mRNA expression levels to control samples. Prior studies found that alternative splicing of the SON gene produces SON B and SON E both of which are truncated and aberrantly upregulated in patients with hematopoietic malignancies. The short SON isoforms antagonize the normal functions of full-length SON (SON F) leading to repression and splicing dysregulation of key cell cycle genes such as mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) family methyltransferases. SON regulates MLL complex-mediated histone methylation; this process requires the binding of menin, a tumor suppressor. The truncated SON isoform prevents this binding of meninto the MLL complex while opposing the transcription repressing function of full-length SON. A collaborative study between the laboratory of Dr. E.Y. Ahn and the hematology clinic of the Mitchell Cancer Institute further investigates the relationship between SON expression and hematopoietic disorders. SON E was found to be upregulated patients with anemias, MDS, and other myeloid neoplasms, a finding consistent with preceding research. Iron replete subjects and subjects taking erythropoietin did not follow his pattern. This new insight has yet to be explored due to limited data.
 In this study, samples were obtained from consented participants with cytopenias, MDS, or myeloproliferative disorders and analyzed for SON mRNA expression. Investigation revealed SON expression is abnormal in the majority of patients tested with cytopenias from either iron deficiency or myeloproliferative neoplasms or myelodysplastic syndrome. The differential expression of SON E appears to increase in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndrome but differ in expression among patients. Deviations from the expected SON E short isoform expression were discovered for iron replete patients and a patient taking erythropoietin, leading to the conclusion that further clinical correlation of the SON expression in patients with iron deficiency and no MPD or MDS may further elucidate SON expression relevance in this disease and the relation to iron metabolism. In the future, longitudinal inspection of laboratory values and SON expression in patients with and without treatment is expected with specific emphasis on total body iron status as well as comparison to other mutational data (RUNX1 and GATA1). Overall, the results displayed potentiate SON isoform expression may be important in understanding the pathogenesis of malignant and non-malignant diseases of the blood.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Agency statistics in the UK and North America reveal that fewer men than women attend counselling, at a ratio of about 1:2. This study investigated men's experience of considering counselling, with the aim of gaining further understanding of factors that might contribute to the existing gender discrepancy in utilisation of counselling. Following responses by 47 men to written questionnaires, 10 men who had considered and ultimately attended counselling were interviewed, and a grounded theory method of analysis was used to generate and analyse the participants' experiences. Three interconnected categories emerged: societal perceptions of counselling and gender roles; change of experience over time; and knowledge — 'knowing' and 'not knowing' the protocols of counselling. The implications of these findings are discussed. It is recommended that prospective male clients should be provided with information about the counselling process, and that there needs to be increased awareness by counsellors and referrin...


Separation process of falling-film molecular distillation has been clarified through the study of mass transfer in distilland film, and a theoretical solution for the case where volatilities of components greatly differ from each other has been derived. The variation of concentration of light component within liquid film is given by Eq. (3), and the distillation rate of both light and heavy components at any cycle, by Eqs. (6) and (8).An experiment was conducted in the molecular distillation of sperm oil, using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. On the supposition that this oil was of two groups of components, -wax and glyceride-, the results obtained by calculation, employing the above-mentioned Equations, were compared with the experimental results as shown in Table 2. It was proved that there was satisfactory agreement between the two. Based on this, it has been concluded that these Equations sufficiently explain the falling-film molecular distillation in binary system or two-group system.By making use of the Equations obtained, some considerations have been given to the effect on the distillating capacity of the apparatus (diameter and length of the column) and operating conditions (flow rate, temperature and repeated cycle), and also to the determination of the appropriate condition when the molecular distillation of this type is employed.


In isotropic strain gradient elasticity, we decompose the strain gradient tensor into its irreducible pieces under the n‐dimensional orthogonal group O(n) . Using the Young tableau method for traceless tensors, four irreducible pieces ( n>2 ), which are canonical, are obtained. In three dimensions, the strain gradient tensor can be decomposed into four irreducible pieces with 7+5+3+3 independent components whereas in two dimensions, the strain gradient tensor can be decomposed into three irreducible pieces with 2+2+2 independent components. The knowledge of these irreducible pieces is extremely useful when setting up constitutive relations and strain energy.


The use of signcryption for secure and authenticated data communication was realized in 1997, following which numerous signcryptions have been presented which are provably secure in the random oracle proof methodology. In this paper, we present an identity-based signcryption provably secure in the standard model. Our scheme relies on the intractability of two well studied problems, the decisional bilinear Diffie-Hellman and the computational Diffie-Hellman. We achieve the security reduction of our scheme for the properties message confidentiality and unforgeability without relying on random oracles.


In order to the modern industrialization process in the state of Indonesia , should be supported by sophisticated technology , it is an example of a robot manipulator arm . as perpetrators of the production process so that the resulting accuracy , precision , and effectiveness in the production process . With it created a PID control design in robotic manipulator arm with the aim of producing a level of precision and stability better . The controller is designed , simulated , and applied to the hardware by using the software MATLAB / Simulink , and then analyzed by the method of root locus stability. Acrylic is used as a material in the body of the robot arm . Furthermore, the main components such as potentiometer as analog inputs , DC motor as each link , as well as the Arduino Mega 2560 microcontroller . Acrylics have been light , strong and durable. In this research, improvements to the mechanical construction robot manipulator arm that already exists , the installation of electronic hardware , and programming the microcontroller using the Arduino software MATLAB Toolbox . From the research that has been done , a model robot manipulator arm can move more smooth line with the movement of the potentiometer input , and are stable position when analyzed using root locus.


Studies have shown that collaboration with universities has a positive impact on firms? innovation performance. But only a minority of firms engage in such collaboration. A range of studies have focused on what characterises the firms that do collaborate with a university, and find that an important characteristic is that the firms are located close to the university. Most of these studies assume ? implicitly or explicitly ? that firms collaborate with one university only, and are based on limited information on which organizations actually collaborate. However, as illustrated in the present paper, among those firms that engage in collaboration with universities, there is a tendency to collaborate with more than one university, which challenges the findings regarding the role of geographical distance. In the present analysis we study which factors influence the probability of firms collaborating with specific universities, and argue that geographical distance to a large extent is a proxy for employee-driven relations to the collaborating university. The analysis reveals that when other factors are included, the importance of geographical distance for university-industry collaboration diminishes considerably. The analysis is based on a combination of detailed register data and innovation survey data for 2,183 innovative Danish firms during the period 2010-2012.


In the 10 years since the inauguration of Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) 57357, >10 000 patients have been enrolled, including patients from every district in Egypt as well as other countries from the Middle East and North Africa region and from greater Africa.

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AWARDS KSU Engineering Student Council Outstanding Leadership Award December, 2004, 2005, 2008. NSF CAREER Award 2001 Residence hall's Professor of the Year nominee 2000, 2002 Cargill Faculty Fellow 1999, 2000 Listed in "International Who's Who of Information Technology" College of Engg. James L. Hollis Memorial Award for Excellence in Undergraduate Teaching nominee 1999, 2006 California State Research Assistantship Fellowship. 1992-1993 Mathematics and Computer Science Student of the Year, Westmont College. 1990 Dean's scholarship, Westmont College. 1987-1990 Dean's List, Westmont College. 1988-1990


The theoricians~D have found that the virtual excitation of GR plays an important role in ~(87)Sr(n, n')~(87m)Sr inelastic scattering, the target with a hoIe in a neutron close shell, even when the incident neutron energy is around 3 MeV. The cross section of ~(87)Sr(n,n')~(87m)Sr (9~+/2 1~-/2) is calculated, for compound nucleus' with H-F formula, for GR'S with phenomenological as well as microscopical method, but there are no experimental data that could compare with them directly yet.We measure the total inelastic cross section with activation method for En2 MeV, which lead to those levels that decay through the first exdited state (1/2~-), i. e. the metastable state with a half live of 2.83 hours. Together with the data given by J. K. Temperley et al.~(5)), we present the total eycitation curve.


A "Griffith" criterion σ f ∝ cf −1/2, relating the length of micro-cracks and the tensile fracture stress σ f , when coupled with the work-hardening law σ2=χ(T). ϵ and the relation representing the...


Eustrotiinae is a worldwide distributed subfamily of the Noctuidae with approximately up to 700 species in the Old and New World; the members of the subfamily are most diverse in the tropical and subtropical regions. The Eustrotiinae still belongs to the "neglected groups" of the Noctuidae and requires ground revision on generic and specific level systematically.


In order to synthetically train students to do scientific researches independently,inspire their enthusiasm and go-aheadism about study,and improve the quality of experimental teaching,we have been exploring to update experimental content and reform experimental system for many years,and have commenced a number of "Series Experiments".The setup of"Series Experiments" which means several separate experiments are organized together by their internal relations has already showed us a favorable effect.


Up to now most Enhanced Vision Systems have been based on IR-sensors. Although the penetration of bad weather (dense fog and light rain) by MMW-radar is remarkably better than in the infrared spectrum MMW sensors still have the disadvantage that radar data are often difficult to interpret. Therefore, it's not always possible for the pilot to obtain a reliable detection of runway structures within the radar images. However, prior field tests have shown that the installation of two different types of radar retro-reflectors along the runway can ease the image analysis task significantly and can provide the visual cues necessary to perform precision straight-in landings. A set of corner reflectors has proven suitable to mark the runway edges needed to adjust for lateral deviations and a set of diplane reflectors provided cues to maintain a 3-degree glide path descend. The present study obtains first objective human performance data to examine the question how efficient pilots are in utilizing these visual cues. The study tested seven VFR and seven IFR-rated pilots and used a low-fidelity human-in-the-loop visual tracking task to simulate a straight-in landing. Pilots were required to detect the lateral and vertical tracking error based on the intensity-coded visual cues provided by the simulated radar images. The study compares two display conditions derived from different spatial arrangements of the diplane reflectors that signal the glide path angles. The first, the so-called "Radar-PAPI", was a horizontal row arrangement of four diplanes, and the second, the "Radar VASI", was a two-over-two arrangement of four diplanes. A third condition simulated the existing visual color coded PAPI landing aid and served as a baseline reference. Performance evaluation was based on the calculation of the root-mean-square error for both axis and subjective preference statements of the pilots.


The literature of the rabbis in its many volumes stands before the student of the rabbinic period as a resource of enlightenment and a source of frustration. A vast treasure of haggadic materials which would be invaluable to the historian of the period is too often rendered inaccessible by difficulties in dating and localizing traditions. Even when traditions are associated with particular rabbis, multiple attributions and major variants engender extreme caution if not despair in the literary critic and historian. When traditions are unattributed in a literature which has developed over centuries as is the case with the Targums, the problems are magnified.