PurposeCrop suitability analysis is vital for identifying a piece of land's potential for sustainable crop production and aids in the formulation of an effective agricultural management plan. This study aims to conduct crop suitability analysis of prominent Kharif (rice and maize) and Rabi (potato and wheat) crops in Sirajganj district, a flood-prone area of Bangladesh, and recommend a suitable cropping pattern to mitigate the detrimental effects of flooding.Design/methodology/approachVarious factors such as soil drainage, soil depth, soil moisture, soil texture, soil permeability, soil pH, erosion hazard, nutrient status and flooding risk were considered for this study. For all four crops, the weights of each factor were determined using the analytical hierarchy process approach, and the scores of each subfactor were assigned on the basis of favorable circumstances of crop cultivation. Using the weighted overlay analysis in the ArcGIS 10.3 environment, the crop suitability maps were generated and were divided into four suitable classes. Geographic information system integration of crop suitability for all the crops determined the suitable cropping pattern of the study area in Kharif and Rabi seasons.FindingsA vast portion of the study area covering 64.80% of the total land is suitable for cultivating either rice or maize in Kharif season followed by either potato or wheat in Rabi season. Other suitable cropping pattern for Kharif and Rabi seasons found in the study area are rice-wheat, rice-wheat/potato, rice/maize-wheat and rice/maize-potato, which covers a little portion of the study area.Originality/valueThis research validates the suitable location of crop cultivation on the basis of flooding occurrences in the locality.


In this study, the effects of bagging treatment on fruit appearance and internal quality, including fruit shape index, single fruit weight, fruit vitamin C, soluble solids, titratable acid, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, were studied by using 'Donghong' kiwifruit as experimental material. Meanwhile, the pesticide residues of bagged and non-bagged (NB) kiwifruit were compared and analyzed. Results showed that the pericarp color of bagged kiwifruit is lighter in green than that of NB group, with uniform color, cleaner appearance and no scabs and spots. Single fruit weight and transverse meridians of bagged kiwifruits were significantly increased. Interestingly, we found single bagging treatment had little effect on the internal quality of 'Donghong' kiwifruit. After pesticide treatment, the fruit shape of kiwifruit was rounder, significantly increased the weight, chlorophyll content of fruit, and decreased the content of vitamin C and carotenoids. In addition, bagging + pesticide treatment had additive effect on these characters. After bagging, the residues of pyraclostrobin and β-cypermethrin in 'Donghong' kiwifruit were significantly lower than those in the control. However, the residue of difenoconazole residues did not show significant difference. Bagging treatment has the ability to improve the appearance and reduce the residue of some pesticides. Meanwhile, the application of some pesticides can improve the single fruit weight and fruit quality. Therefore, bagging is a scientific and effective cultivation method in the green production of 'Donghong' kiwifruit.


Abstract : Mesh equidistribution for static approximation problems is extended to a domain that admits time dependency. Instead of some quantity being equidistributed over a static mesh, the change in this quantity is equidistributed over a dynamic, moving mesh. Applications are for utilization in numerical methods to solve time-dependent partial differential equations. This mesh moving scheme is incorporated into a finite element code which already refines adaptively. Comparisons are made for stationary and moving meshes.


The properties of electromagnetic waves propagation through a collisional, magnetized and inhomogeneous plasma with obliquely incident angles are investigated in this paper. The reflection, transmission, and attenuation ratios are calculated first with the scattering matrix method. Based on the derived formulas, we then analyze the effects of different parameters on the propagation properties under oblique incidence. Simulation results indicate that a larger incident angle causes a longer wave transmission distance in the plasma and is more likely to impede the waves propagation. Under an obliquely incident angle, both the transmission and attenuation ratios are greatly affected by other parameters, such as the effective plasma collisional frequency, background magnetic flux density, plasma thickness and electron density, additionally. These conclusions are of guiding significance to the applications of the interaction between electromagnetic waves and plasma.


Abstract : The three-dimensional arrangement of the apatite crystallites in dental enamel has been determined by a new versatile x-ray diffraction camera. The results obtained served as a basis for the evaluation of the optical properties of this tissue. New aspects on the polarized light image of dental enamel are given. The state of water was investigated by polarized light microscopy. The mode of flouride fixation has also been studied. (Author)


Based on the relationship between hydrocarbon and evaporite, researchers today are so convinced that the discovery of evaporite in a sedimentation site has awakened the interest of research on them. In this case, evaporite role consists not only in the insulation abilities of the hydrocarbon collections due to the perfect compactness that they have in depth, but also to the formation of traps and in necrosis (erosion) of reservoir rocks. Various mineral salts of Na, K, sulfide minerals etc., are related to the evaporite (evaporation). The paper presents data on the composition; formation conditions and the importance of the exploration of evaporite formation of Albania. In the article are the main results of the present studies on the evaporite of Albania, to provide help to the domestic and foreign researchers and investors involved in the search for hydrocarbon and other useful minerals associated with evaporite formation in the country.


45 nm‐node Cu interconnects with air gaps were studied to confirm the feasibility to the next node (32 nm) and beyond. The air‐gap formation technology that we proposed was characterized by "air‐gap exclusion" (AGE), which selectively excluded the air gaps from undesired regions such as wide spaces between lines and peripheries of vias. A high‐Young's‐modulus SiOC (HM‐SiOC) with k value of 3.0 was used to form the air gaps. However, effective dielectric constant (Keff) as low as 2.3, which surpassed ITRS requirement for hp45 by far, was obtained. Mechanical characteristics of the Cu interconnects structure with the air gaps were studied systematically. Effective Young's elastic modulus was measured by a nano‐indention method. The measurements show that it changes little with air‐gap density. A nano‐scratch test revealed that dominant fracture mode of the Cu interconnects structure with air gaps was not collapse of the air gaps but delaminations between the dielectrics. In addition, above phenomena are exp...


Background Increased utilization of CT in clinical imaging,1 together with the potential for increased cancer risk associated with patient exposure to ionizing radiation,2 has led to the recognition that we need to reduce radiation dose in CT.3 With filtered back projection (FBP) techniques, commonly used to reconstruct clinical CT images, efforts to reduce radiation dose are associated with an increase in image noise, which negatively impacts image quality. IR techniques, in which more complex modeling is used to iteratively reconstruct the raw data, result in inherently lower image noise, and their recent introduction into clinical practice allows for reduced radiation dose while preserving image quality.4 Several of these noise reduction filters, such as iDose4 (Philips Healthcare), include a hybrid of FBP with a variable component of IR. More recently, knowledgebased IR techniques, such as Iterative Model Reconstruction (IMR, Philips Healthcare), have been developed to further reduce image noise, with the potential for improved image quality with similar or reduced radiation dose*. Teaching cases, including side-by-side comparisons of images obtained in our practice using IMR and the noise reduction filters for a variety of applications, are presented here.


JAMES BUGHANAN (*) I Introduction I PROPOSE TO use this occasion to explore, in an admittedly speculative fashion, a subject that has come increasingly to occupy my own interest and which also, in a special sense, is related to the interest and efforts of Henry George, whom this lecture series commemorates. I want to concentrate attention on idleness in the use of potentially productive resources, and particularly on the ethical aspects of individuals' choices concerning the margins of productive employment. This subject matter has been neglected in modern macroeconomic analysis, which has embodied the presumption that potentially productive resources will be employed optimally, within the constraints faced by individual resource owners, so long as the choice of employment is voluntary. The whole Keynesian macroeconomic emphasis, which came to occupy the attention of economists in mid-century, and which did have profound political impact, was centered on involuntary unemployment, or, to use my terminology in this paper, on idleness that is no t chosen or preferred by resource owners. Furthermore, the modern emphasis of economists, to the extent that they have concerned themselves at all with idleness in resource use, has been almost exclusively confined to labor; little or no attention has been given to possible idleness in the utilization of non-labor resources, something that did concern Henry George a century ago, at least indirectly. It will first be necessary to define idleness, which I shall do in Section II. I shall then proceed, in Section III, to show that there are ethical implications of individual choices in resource utilization. Initially, I shall develop the analysis in application to labor or work input. In Section IV, I shall briefly sketch out the outlines of an argument that I have developed more fully elsewhere, an argument to the effect that voluntary choices made by resource owners need not be optimal, an argument that directly counters the conventional wisdom in economic theory. In Section V, I shift attention from labor to non-labor resources, which was, of course, the central focus of the efforts of Henry George, especially as applied to land. Finally, in Section VI, I suggest some interesting policy implications that seem to follow from the whole exercise. II Idleness Defined PRECISELY WHAT DO we mean when we say that a resource, or resource unit, remains "idle"? We define idleness by its opposite; a resource is idle when it is not "at work," when it is not "employed." More generally, we can say that a resource is "idle" when it is not being used to produce value that it might otherwise produce. Such generalized understandings are satisfactory for most purposes, but they are not sufficiently specific for my purposes here. Note, in particular, that the definition suggested could be used in application to the activities of Robinson Crusoe, all alone on his island, and totally outside any nexus of interaction, economic, political, or social, with other human beings. Crusoe may, of course, work hard and employ his own talents and time to produce something of value to himself. In some descriptive sense, we could measure Crusoe's idleness as distinguished from his work. But his choices in this respect could not carry ethical content since there are no others who could possibly be affected. And Crusoe might, for example, spend his time and energy, his "work," building sandcastles that are swept away by each evening's tides. I want to introduce a more useful meaning of idleness by opposing this use of resources to "work in an interactive relationship with others" or "employment in producing value for others." In this more restricted, but more useful, definition, a person is idle when and to the extent that he or she withholds work effort from the market, even if, on some "private island," non-marketable and impermanent sandcastles are constructed. …


This work provides a short review of the literature concerning the utilization of zeolites as supports for CO2 methanation catalysts. Indeed, the application of these materials in carbon dioxide hydrogenation into methane has led to considerably relevant performances according to the literature, being zeolite‐based catalysts more active and selective than commercial materials reported. Considering the well‐known zeolite features and the possibility to finely modulate its properties, inducing relevant changes on the adsorbed metal species and in the CO2 activation ability of the catalyst, potentially interesting catalytic properties can be generated also towards this transformation. Possible correlations between the characteristics of these materials, found as relevant for CO2 methanation, and the catalytic properties will be then presented and discussed.


Echolocation calls can be categorised as either frequency modulated (FM) or constant frequency (CF). Some bats, such as the Pteronotus Parnelli (mustached bat) emit a compound signal consisting of both FM and CF components. The bat is of particular interest to scientists and engineers as their resolution capabilities far exceeds the most technologically advanced manmade systems [1,2]. One possible reason why the bat is able to effortlessly achieve such resolution capabilities is their ability to retain information on the emitted call.


Hunger in Brazil, according to its government, is caused by the insuffi- cient incomes that limit access to food for more than a quarter of the population. Due to the nutritional deficiencies of this segment of the population, successive Brazilian governments have implemented a range of food assistance, anti-poverty, and well- being programs over the past 50 years. In January 2003, newly elected President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva launched Brazil's Zero-Hunger Program, which has a goal of supplementing food access to roughly 50 million people within his 4-year term. To determine whether the goal of zero hunger can be met, two types of analysis were employed. With the help of the USDA-ERS Food Security Assessment (FSA) model, food availability and access are evaluated based on food production and imports trends. In this first approach, the general notion of food availability and access focuses on quantity rather than quality of food. In addition, in order to capture a quality aspect of nutritional adequacy—the need for a balanced diet that covers basic food groups—we use the concept of a healthy food basket as a second approach.


Abstract This contribution proposes a new fitting procedure based upon T- and C-profiles derived from either electrophysiological measurements (electrically evoked compound action potentials, ECAP) or population statistics. The profiles are changed only by parallel upward or downward shift and changing their slope (tilting the profile). Secondly, this fitting procedure is based upon live voice rather than tone bursts. Statistical analysis of the T- and C-levels has shown that adjustments of the two parameters shift and tilt suffice in fitting the cochlear implant signal processor. Shifting and tilting the ECAP profile yielded speech performance comparable to the initial performance based upon conventionally determined T- and C-levels.


Two methods of discretization of the s-wave n-p breakup continuum are compared, and their effect on the elastic deuteron-nucleus scattering matrix elements is numerically investigated. In one of the methods, the continuum eigenstates of the n-p Hamiltonian are averaged over discretized momentum bins of size \ensuremath{\Delta}k. In the other, which is a form of the ${L}^{2}$ diagonalization method, the continuum is expanded in a set of normalizable basis functions, which physically correspond to placing the n-p potential into a box. It is found, in the case of $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$(d,d) at incident deuteron energies ${E}_{d}$=21.6 and 45 MeV, that those two discretization techniques consistently display the same physics and yield the same results. However, the lower the incident deuteron energy, the less well do the momentum discretized answers converge to a final result. The diagonalization method is found to perform better in this respect. The theoretical expectation that the long range tails of the potentials in breakup space do not sensitively affect the elastic S-matrix elements is demonstrated numerically. This result provides the mathematical reason why the discretization of the breakup continuum is a viable and practical procedure of including the breakup effects.


72 The purpose of the present study has been to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and organizational commitment. The method used here is of a correlation type. Population consists of 300 office workers of Zahedan Department of Education, from which, based on Morgan model, 170 were selected using a class-random method. Steers and Porter's (1991) questionnaires of cultural intelligence and organizational commitment were used in this research. Reliability of these two questionnaires was assessed to be 87% and 71%, respectively. The obtained data were then analyzed using statistical tools such as the mean, Pearson Correlation, Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and regression. The obtained results are as follows: There is a significant positive relationship between cultural intelligence and its different dimensions and organizational commitment of the workers. It was shown through step-by-step regression that among the four dimensions of cultural intelligence knowledge was the strongest predictor of organizational commitment. Keywords: cultural intelligence, strategy, knowledge, motivation, behavior, organizational commitment. Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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Objectives
Several reports have described that cigarette smokers are more likely to experience sleep disturbances. This study aimed to evaluate the differential associations between smoking and sleep quality according to sex and age group, which were not adequately characterized in previous studies.

Methods
Data analysis was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 224,986 Korean adults collected from the 2018 Community Health Survey. Sleep quality, as the dependent variable, was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with the PSQI score dichotomized as good (≤4) or poor (>5). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed considering socio-demographic factors, health behaviors, comorbidities, and psychological factors as covariates.

Results
The overall weighted prevalence of poor sleep quality was 39.4% (95% CI: 39.1~39.7%). In the multivariate model excluding psychological factors, poor sleep quality was positively correlated with smoking in both sexes and in all age groups except in males aged ≥ 65 years. However, in the full model including psychological factors, statistically significant odds ratios of poor sleep quality according to smoking level were observed only in women under 65 years of age, and the values were around 1.5.

Conclusion
The relationship between poor sleep quality and cigarette smoking differs according to sex and age group. Smoking cessation interventions to improve sleep quality need to be preferentially applied to women, especially those under middle age, in addition to solutions for psychological problems.


We have used the Green Bank Telescope to carry out a deep search for redshifted CO J = 2−1 line emission from an extended (>17 kpc) Lyα blob (LAB), "Himiko," at z ∼ 6.595. Our non-detection of CO J = 2−1 emission places the strong 3σ upper limit of L′CO < 1.8 × 1010 × (ΔV/250)1/2 K km s−1 pc2 on the CO line luminosity. This is comparable to the best current limits on the CO line luminosity in LABs at z ∼ 3 and lower-luminosity Lyα emitters at z ≳ 6.5. High-z LABs appear to have lower CO line luminosities than the host galaxies of luminous quasars and submillimeter galaxies at similar redshifts, despite their high stellar mass. Although the CO-to-H2 conversion factor is uncertain for galaxies in the early universe, we assume XCO = 0.8 M☉ (K km s−1 pc2)−1 to obtain the limit M(H2) <1.4 × 1010 M☉ on Himiko's molecular gas mass; this is a factor of ≳ 2.5 lower than the stellar mass in the z ∼ 6.595 LAB.


The texture analysis is the technique of extracting texture features of the image. These methods are discussed in the literature review section. The traditional approach of texture analysis is that the various images are combined together and image which is having higher intensity is shown and other images become hidden. In this paper, we are proposing new hybrid type of technique in which every image will show on the basis of their intensity. The image which is having higher intensity will be shown first and rest others shown correspondently according to their intensities. The proposed technique is implemented in MATLAB and results are shown in visual and graphical form.


Objective
To study the effects of piogitazone on Toll-like receptor 4/MAPKs pathway in atherosclerosis of apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mouse.

Methods
The 8 male mice of C3H, 10 weeks aged, were fed with common food for 4 weeks as control group. In addition, The same age male mice of ApoE-/- fed with high fatty food for setting up atherosclerosis animal models were selected as experimental group (n=24), and the experimental mice were randomly divided into three groups: model group only receiving high fatty food for 6 weeks, low-dose treated group receiving piogitazone administered via gastric tube at 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 for consecutive 6 weeks and high-dose treated group receiving piogitazone administered via gastric tube at 10 mg·kg-1·d-1 for consecutive 6 weeks. The expression of pERK1/2, JNK and p38MAPK, and levels of their phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting in control group and experimental group.

Results
The expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in all ApoE-/- mice than in control group (P 0.05). Compared with model group, the expressions of p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were significantly decreased (P<0.05), moreover, these changes were more significant in high-dose treated group (for ERK1/2: 0.5037±0.0438 in low-dose treated group, 0.3843±0.0236 in high-dose treated group, and 0.8800±0.0436 in control group; for JNK: 0.5037±0.0437 in low-dose treated group, 0.3843±0.0237 in high-dose treated group and 0.7900±0.0308 in control group, all P<0.05).

Conclusions
Pioglitazone inhibits aortic atherosclerosis in ApoE-/-mice, and these effects may be related to TLR4/ERK1/2 and TLR4/JNK pathways.

Key words:
Pioglitazone; Atherosclerosis; Toll-like receptor 4; Mitogen-activated protein kinases; MAP kinase signaling system; Apolipoproteins E; Mice, knockout


In 1997 the European Commission presented a communication to clarify the link between environmental strategy and job creation, and the Kyoto Protocol was also negotiated during that year. While it may be considered that implementation of the protocol has contributed to environmental and socio-economic phases in the response to climate change, the method of accounting for carbon offsets is ambiguous and uncertain from the management viewpoint. In addition, from the planning viewpoint there is doubt as to how to realise a low-carbon society without any socio-economic burden. Since it is important to know the real value of carbon offsets when considering the environment for future generations, it is necessary to prepare a management tool to accurately account for carbon offsets. The identification of the effects of climate change will be a key to properly planning global-scale projects, and financial options will depend upon how greenhouse gases are categorised (pollution or a global warming threat). Categorisation should therefore be considered carefully.


Business process modeling has gained increasing interest with the advent of business process management systems in organizational contexts. As business processes are subject to frequent change also respective models are complex and under continuous development with multiple modelers being involved. This paper presents an approach to integrate concurrent changes of multiple modelers equivalently into a resulting process model. Through change patterns we capture the semantics of changes and use them for recognizing instances hereof from subsequent model revisions. These change patterns were identified by analyzing a set of recurring changes during model creation, modification, and refactoring. Together with the concept of conflict types change patterns are used as a conceptual means to implement a semi-automated merging mechanism within a collaborative wiki-based modeling environment. This approach is expected to facilitate smooth (incremental and iterative) development of models in highly dynamic modeling environments and is a human-oriented way to conflict resolution in (concurrent) process model development.


Everyday life in urban public space means living amongst people unknown to one another. As part of the broader convivial turn within the study of everyday urban life (Wise & Noble, 2016), this article examines outdoor public ice rinks as spaces for encounter between strangers. With data drawn from 100 hours of naturalistic and participant observation at free and accessible outdoor public non-hockey ice rinks in two Canadian cities, we show how 'rink life' is animated by a shared everyday ethic of public sociability, with strangers regularly engaging in fleeting moments of sociable interaction. At first glance, researching the outdoor public ice rink may seem frivolous, but in treating it seriously as a public space we find it to be threaded through with an ethos of interactional equality, reciprocal respect, and mutual support. We argue that the shared everyday ethic of public sociability that characterizes the rinks that we observed is a function of the (1) public and (2) personal materiality required for skating; (3) the emergence of on ice norms; (4) generalized trust amongst users; (5) ambiguities of socio-spatial differentiation by skill; and (6) flattened social hierarchies, or what we call the quotidian carnivalesque. Our data and analysis suggest that by drawing together different generations and levels of ability, this distinct public space facilitates social interactions between strangers, and so provides insights relevant to planners, policy makers and practitioners.


distrust and of fear, the world has become smaller-ail' travel and the radio have brought the most distant countries closer together, so that the nations may be said to live almost cheek by jowl. Life seems to be lived at an increased pace and with greater intensity than has been known before. This cannot fail to have an effect on the public health-and not on the public health alone, of course, but on all other aspects of life. If it was pos· sible to my that this or that defect in health was due to one or more defined factors the course of action to be adopted would be clear. It is an intermingling of causes and effects that makes correction or reconstruction difficult. As in almost every walk of life therefore man has to face his job and do it to the best of his ability. We shall agree with Haven Emerson, who writes on the unfinished job of essential public health service, that to obtain the desiderata demands determination, a will to succeed, imagination, resourcefulness, patience and a sense of humour to make us laugh at the inadequate distribution of public health services "before the scrutiny of an increasingly critical public, at home and around the world". Emerson writes this after he has explained that there are in the United States 40,000,000 people withom local health departments. We in Australia may reflect on the state of public health inadequacy in Western Aus· tralia revealed recently by Dr. Cecil E. Cook, and described in this journal in the issue of February 14, 1948. Likewise Thomas Parran, the wise and careful Surgeon-General of the United States Public Health Service, writing about the surmounting of obstacles to health progress, compels attention when he writes about the will to succeed. He quotes the phrase that the United States has "an economic power unique in human history"; and he states that, given the will to use this power for human health comparable with the will displayed to win the war, his nation may attain and help the rest of the world to attain a standard of health "unique in human history". That the future attainment of health must involve some solution of the social and economic factors of disease is emphasized by the title of C. E. A. Winslow's article, "Poverty and Disease", and Raymond B. Fosdick concludes the special issue ッセ@ the journal with a discussion on public health and th(' future. Fosdick beli-eves that bricks in the bottom tiers of the edifice of international society will be supplied by "the common aspiration of all men everywhere for better health and a better life, and by th-eir willingness to join forces to secure it". Though on this occasion the message is chiefly for the public health medical officer, we must return to the theme with which we started, that he ranks with the private practitioner and that with the latter he has to take the lead in the battle for preventive medicine.


Introduction: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common vestibular disorder. Migren also common in general population. Several studies have shown inconsistent result for the relationship between migraine and BPPV.This study aims to determine relationship between migraine and the occurance of BPPV Methode: This case control study selected subjects with consecutive sampling techniques. Sampling was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and network hospital. Thirty two patients with BPPV were selected as case group and matched with thirty two patients without BPPV as control group. Migraine history was taken in medical record. This study began in March until June 2020. Result: The majority of case and control group were female with eighteen subjects (56.2%) and median age about 60.5 (27-78) years old. We found eight patients (25.0%) with history of migraine in case group and in control group four patients (12,5%) with history of migraine. There is no significance relationship in migraine and the occurance of BPPV with p= 0.33 and OR=2.33 (95% CI = 0.62-8.71) Conclusion: There is no relationship between migraine and the occurance of BPPV. Introduction Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common peripheral vestibular disorder. The prevalence of BPPV has been reported to vary from 10.7 to 140 per 100,000 population. The prevalence will increase every year along with the age of 7 times at the age above 60 years compared to the age 18-39 years. It was found that in women more often than in men in all age groups with a female to male ratio of 2.2: 1. While migraine also common complaint generally found in population. Migraine is experienced by more than 28 million people worldwide. It is estimated that the prevalence in the world reaches 10%, more women than men. Several factors can trigger migraine attacks, including consumption of high-caffeinated drinks, alcohol, chocolate, cheese, citrus fruits, and foods containing thiamine, aspartame, and preservatives added by Mono Sodium Glutamate (MSG) also contribute to triggers migraines. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) can occur due to trauma, ipsilateral Meniere's disease (6.5%), vestibular neuritis, severe systemic disease, history of previous otologic surgery and chronic otitis media. However, most cases of BPPV have an undetermined (idiopathic) etiology. A number of studies have reported the suggestion that recurrent migraine attacks can result in progressive structural and functional changes in the brain. Previous research has shown that migraine and vestibular dysfunction may have potential interactions and associations through several conditions including BPPV or other disorders associated with inner ear dysfunction. Based on research by Chu et al it was found that migraine patients were associated with an increased risk of developing BPPV 2.03 times higher with the average migraine patient experiencing BPPV in a median of 6.29 years. This is also in line with research conducted by Kim et al which found the risk of developing BPPV was statistically significant in the migraine sufferer group. Contrary to research conducted by Teixido et al which found an increase in the incidence of BPPV in migraineurs, the results were not significant. Method Study sample The study sample was taken from patients with BPPV and non BPPV who came to H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan and network hospital using consecutive sampling techniques. Research subjects were 32 BPPV patients as case group and 32 were non BPPV patients as control group. Sex and age in case group matched with control group. For exclusion criteria in both group are: history of other peripheral vertigo related to ear disease, history of head trauma, history of head and ear surgery, history of brain disease. Other exclusion criteria in case [Mahendrayana* et al., 7(8): August, 2020] ISSN: 2349-5197 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT http: // www.ijrsm.com © International Journal of Research Science & Management [71] group is the first migraine complaint occur after diagnosed of BPPV.


ZK Crypt III is a three function system (Stream Cipher, Data Authenticator and True Random Noise Generator) based on an extremely highdiffusion hardware number generator, with an orthogonal dual track feedback mechanism that precludes message modification. This device has only 8000 gates and is designed for simultaneous deciphering and data authentication with single or parallel concatenated units, maximizing throughput with low energy usage, and very small circuit size. This document expands previously used methodologies for robustness and security analysis with a description of the intractability of an algebraic attack. The simplified methods used herein show the nonexistence of useful differentials via repeated word analysis.


PURPOSE: To increase the accessing speed to the address identifier of a communi cation subscriber by providing first and second contracted address areas on a table and labeling the presence of addresses with bits. CONSTITUTION: A transmission address SA and a target address DA are given to a data packet and separately retrieved. Entries from '0' to '2047' are provided for table addressing and an memory address is indicated together with its number and offset. A list L1 shows an address to be processed and the offset indicates the address offset from a second address. In addition, different offsets are set at every table and each table is successively accessed through the offsets. Therefore, the accessing speed to the address identifier of communication connection filed on a table can be increased. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


A novel formulation of statics in terms of the exterior algebra of an affine space is shown to be the underlying mathematical structure of Vlasov's thin-walled beam theory in structural mechanics.


-me early Ife stages of the growth of bivalve molluscs being now controlled, ut least for oysters and clams, it is possible to obtain seeds in large amounts andat given times. Reproduction may be obtained ut any period of the year and the survival rates range from 5 to 50 96 these values being considerable cornpared to those of natural reproduction in the sea. '


The utility model relates to an inner offset gas sand anchor which is mainly used for gas-liquid separation and sand removal in oil extraction by using a subsurface sucker rod pump. In the present oil-field development with high gas-liquid ratio, a gas-liquid separator used for oil extraction by using a sucker rod pump has complex structure with many parts, which results in large outer diameter of the separator, easy occurrence of accidents and high manufacturing cost. The utility model provides an inner offset gas sand anchor which is composed of an outer pipe and a sucker pipe arranged in a cavity of the outer pipe, wherein, a flexible bend is arranged on the middle part of the sucker pipe, a sucker pipe above the flexible bend is arranged at the center of the cavity of the outer pipe, a sucker pipe below the flexible bend and the sucker pipe above the flexible bend have an eccentric distance, the outer wall of the sucker pipe above the flexible bend is provided with a separating umbrella piece, and an uprighting block is installed below the sucker pipe below the flexible bend. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, few parts, better achievement of gas-liquid separation and favorable sand removing effect.


Implementation of an integrated electronic medical record requires direct physician order entry. This application involves multi-level changes in the whole system of care, from physicians attitudes to interdepartmental relations. This study reports the results of the first round ofa modified Delphi, where a diverse group of individuals were asked to identify the most importantfacilitating and impeding factors associated with implementation ofan order entry application. From a Q-sort of their responses, we identified 20 systemic, behavioral, and attitudinal dimensions perceived to be causal factors in successful implementation. We also explored how these dimensions may influence success by comparing successful with unsuccessful hospitals in terms of the frequency with which these dimensions were differently mentioned by respondents. We found that although available functionality was the most commonly mentioned factor by all participants, hardware availability, physician involvement, administration support, and medical administration involvement were more often mentioned by successful hospitals than by less successful hospitals. These results suggest that these factors were not present in the less successful hospitals. We also found that the frequency of responses within each category varied depending on the institutional role of the individuals responding. Those involved in support tended to see organizational variables as more important than those in clinical positions, whereas clinicians viewed administrative support and involvement of the chief as more important. These findings support the notion that the changes involved in instituting a physician order entry system are system wide and involve individual as well as organizationalfactors. INTRODUCTION The Salt Lake City Information Service Center of the Veteran's Administration (SLC ISC) released their order entry system, Order Entry/Results Reporting 2.5 (OE/RR 2.5), to the field in March, 1993. OE/RR 2.5 integrated several clinical packages (e.g., pharmacy and lab) and provided a single environment where clinicians can enter clinical orders and obtain clinically relevant patient information. Response to the package has varied widely across institutions. A series of studies were planned to identify factors that discriminate successful from non successful implementation of OE/RR 2.5 in order to prepare for the next version. This paper reports on the first study of the series. A fully integrated hospital information system is essential in order to maximize quality management activities, cost control, and clinical decision support. Full acceptance and implementation of an electronic medical record is often viewed as a direct function of physician change as these professionals must make radical changes in their everyday work [1,2,3]. However, the literature on physician change indicates that such change is difficult to achieve and often not long lasting [4]. Yet physician behavior change actually occurs in the context of a larger institutional setting. As work in Total Quality Management has illustrated, individuals are rarely the barriers to change [5]. Rather, it is often system level factors interacting with individuals that cause failures. The purpose of this study is to simultaneously identify both individual and institutional level variables associated with successful adoption by physicians of an integrated order entry system. Specifying the causal variables of a multidetermined event, such as the successful change to on-line order entry, is difficult because people often do not have accurate access to the causes of their behavior [6]. Participants perceptions of a changing system will vary depending on whether the implementation was successful [7], and whether they had direct involvement in the process [8]. In addition, different cognitive and behavioral variables are important at different stages of change [9]. Individuals already committed to a change focus more on issues surrounding actual implementation, whereas those still contemplating the change are more concerned with the pros and cons [10]. Furthermore, each category of individuals has their 0195-4210/94/$5.00 ( 1994 AMIA, Inc. 653 own perspectives. Physicians will have their own unique perception of the value of an electronic medical record, one that is different from those developing the software, and different again from those in charge of implementing and supporting the change. No particular point of view or point in time may provide the complete picture. In this first study, salient dimensions were derived from open-ended responses of people directly involved in implementation attempts of a direct order entry system. An effort was made to have participants represent all of the varied hospital departments that would be involved in such an implementation attempt. Physician representation included administrators, nominated opinion leaders [111, and randomly selected users. The results from this first study will allow the development of a questionnaire based on the identified dimensions in a second study. METHODS Two sets of hospitals were identified based on their relative success at implementing OE1RR 2.5 and their participation as either beta sites or with early implementation. The first set consisted of three hospitals judged to be successful at implementing order entry 2.5 and the second set consisted of three relatively unsuccessful hospitals. Success was defined two ways. The first consisted of nomination by OE/RR 2.5 software engineers working at the SLC ISC, and secondly by the percentage of providers directly using order entry at each institution as reported by participants of the study. The percentage of providers using order entry differed significantly between hospital sets [E(1,37) = 34.97; p. =.00; Means: success = 74.4%; failure = 15.3%]. A questionnaire was mailed to the following individuals from each institution: 1) Medical Administration Staff, such as chiefs of staff and directors of bed services; 2) Administrators, including the director of the Information Resource Management department (IRM) which provides hardware and software support, Nursing, and Medical Records; 3) Support staff, such as the computer support staff from pharmacy and lab who had been assigned to assist with the implementation of OE/RR, specifically designeted coordinators responsible for training and implementing OE/RR 2.5, and IRM staff; 3) Users, including ward clerks, physicians, and nurses; and 4) Physician opinion leaders nominated by a random selection of 5 physicians from each institution. Over the 6 hospitals, ninety-two individuals received a questionnaire. Fifty seven percent (n = 52) responded. Of those fifty-two, twelve reported that they did not know enough to answer the questions. This left a sample size of forty. Twenty responded from the predefined successful hospitals and twenty responded from the less successful hospitals. The response rate did not differ significantly by institution. The questionnaire consisted of five questions: 1) What proportion of physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants at your institution enter most of their orders directly using OE/RR 2.5?; 2 ) What proportion nurses directly use OE/RR 2.5? 3) How well do you think OE/RR 2.5 meets the clinical needs of practitioners? This question is answered on a 1 (not at all) to 5 (very well) scale?; 4) Please list 6 to 10 of the most significant facilitating factors for implementing OE/RR 2.5 at your institution?; 5) Please list 6 to 10 of the most significant barriers impeding the implementing OEIRR 2.5 at your institution? To identify valid dimensions, the open-ended responses to the above questionnaire were sorted independently into categories by two clinicians (author 1 and author 3) working at the ISC using a modified Q-sort. The sorting was done separately for facilitating factors and for barriers. Neither the number of categories nor their content was specified a priori. One author produced 10 categories and another 14 for both facilitating factors and barriers. Two categories across both sorters had greater than 80% overlap in content and the remaining differences were essentially the inclusion of two categories in one by the third author. After discussion between sorters, the categories were agreed upon. Individual response items were then coded into these categories by two independent raters. Initial agreement between raters was acceptable with 78% of the items coded in the same category. RESULTS Identification of Dimensions Table 1 and 2 list the identified categories in the order of frequency of response. Totals are greater than the number of respondents as some people mentioned items from the same category more than once. These are the categories that reflect the causal factors perceived to be most salient by the respondents. Functionality was an important factor for all respondents. This category had the most items for both facilitating factors and barriers. In addition, many of the categories of the facilitating factors are the inverse of the barriers. In other words, there were only twenty unique categories overall. For example, the presence of supporting


SOH (state of health) estimation is important for battery management. Since the electrochemical reaction inside LIBS (lithium-ion battery system) is extremely complex and the external working environment is uncertain, it is difficult to achieve accurate determination of SOH. To improve the accuracy of SOH estimation, we propose a SOH estimation method for lithium-ion battery based on XGBoost algorithm with accuracy correction. We extract several features, including average voltage, voltage difference, current difference, and temperature difference, to describe the aging process of batteries. Due to the higher prediction accuracy and generalization ability of ensemble learning algorithm, the XGBoost model is established to estimate the SOH of lithium-ion battery. Then, the estimation values are corrected by Markov chain. Compared with the methods by XGBoost, random forest, k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), SVM, linear regression, our proposed method shows an accuracy improvement by 10% to 20%. Additionally, the errors of our method are also superior to the others in terms of the average absolute error, root mean square error, and root mean square error.


A phenomenological model of lattice dynamics of hcp metals has been developed by assuming the ions to have a spheroidal shape with the axis of revolution parallel to the c axis. Overlap of spheroidal ions causes a noncentral interaction between the first neighbors (as in beryllium). The model is derived from a force system consisting of this noncentral overlap interaction, as six-neighbor central pair potential, and an electron-ion interaction term. Application of this model to zinc and beryllium shows that the force parameters coupling neighbors beyond the second are rather small as compared with the parameters for the first two neighbors. The dispersion curves derived from the model present a good agreement with the experimental curves. (auth)


Corresponding author: Hashimoto encephalopathy is an autoimmune disease characterized by an increase in antithyroid antibodies in the serum of patients with multiple neuropsychological symptoms. We report a case with lower level of antibody and fairly response to corticosteroid; how ever, clinical presentation, brain magnetic resonance imaging find ings and the negative results of other diseases confirmed Hashimoto encep halopathy diagnosis. First, a relatively good corticosteroid response wa s seen but after one weak, the patient withdrew her drug and got back with a c orticosteroid resistant progressive attack one month later. Our case had a mild increase in antithyroid antibodies and pure sensory polyneuropa thy and did not show significant response to corticosteroid therapy. Can antithyroid antibodies titers be a marker of corticosteroid treatment resp onse? this should be investigated in the future studies.


Commutation failure is one of the commonest events in high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. In the process of commutation failure, the DC voltage, current and power change drastically and impact the sending-side grid. At present, the related research lacks the quantitative analysis of transient overvoltage, which is caused by commutation failure in sending-side DC systems. Aiming at this problem, the equivalent model of the sending-side system is established. Considering characteristics of reactive power losses caused by the rectifier during commutation failure, analytical expression of transient voltage at the commutated bus is derived, then a quantitative calculation method of transient overvoltage and influencing factors are obtained. The results show that the weaker the AC system, the higher the transient voltage, and the transient over-voltage rises nonlinearly with the increase of the steady-state transmission capacity. Finally, the accuracy and effectiveness of the method are verified with the HVDC digital-physical hybrid simulation model based on Hypersim.


Taking as a fact that the production of silent cinema was in a great deal in color, and analyzing the types of coloring techniques of that time, this article wants to inform about the actual methods (either analogical and digital) of restoration of those old colors.


The effects of the levels of wheat and of hammermilled hay fed to sheep on ruinen acidity and ammonia concentration were determined during the first 4 days of feeding wheat. Consumption of wheat reduced rumen pH, but the effect diminished with time, so that by day 4 it was not significant. Wheat intake also significantly (P < 0.05) increased rumen ammonia on day 1, but not during days 2-4. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations on day I were increased (P < 0.05) by wheat intake, the effect being less on later days. The proportion of acetate was reduced (all days). while propionate (days 1, 2 and 4) and butyrate (days 3 and 4) were increased by the consumption of wheat. Concentrations of lactate (mainly the D-isomer) increased after wheat was fed, although wheat level per se did not significantly affect lactate concentrations. Peak concentrations of lactate occurred on day 2 (18 m~ total lactate). Initially, consumption of hay decreased rumen pH and had little effect on ruman ammonia levels. By day 4, hay consumption was associated with increases in rumen pH and decreases in rumen ammonia levels (0.006 units and -0.05 mM per g hay dry matter (DM) respectively). Concentrations of VFA tended to be increased by hay consumption, but the proportions of the major VFAs were not affected. Hay intakes on day 4 were associated with reductions in rumen total lactate concentrations of 51 ¦M per g hay DM. Reduced total DM intakes of sheep eating ad libitum were associated with low rumen pH and high lactate concentrations. Microscopic lesions were observed on the rumen papillae of sheep 7 days after wheat was first fed. The extent of these lesions was reduced by hay intake, and was also related to the minimum pH observed.


Solid waste remained after the extraction of oil from olive oil fruits (OOSW), was used to obtain active carbon depending on chemical activation using H3PO4, KOH and ZnCl2 as activating agents. The changes in composition due to chemical treatment and pyrolysis were investigated by chemical analysis, spectral (IR), and thermal analysis (DTA). Thermodynamic parameters of formation (activation energy (ΔEa*), enthalpy change (ΔH*), entropy change (ΔS*) and free energy change (ΔG*) related to the thermal decomposition process were calculated. Adsorption of both iodine and methylene blue at very low concentrations were done, the quantity of the iodine adsorbed (iodine number) indicated the micropores content of carbon by the uptake of iodine from the solution. It is equivalent to surface area of carbon between 900m2/g and 1100 m2/g. To characterize activated carbons as well as determining the adsorption capacity adsorption of methylene blue was done.


This work presents a new practical environment modeling for mobile robots in an unknown circumstance. To perform environment modeling, obstacles located in the circumstance should be detected using sensor data. Then some sensor fusion methods are used to model environment better. Environment modeling shown In this work is based on the heuristic sensor fusion method. In this method, we define a segment as one ultrasonic sensor and two adjacent infrared sensors. Especially, infrared sensors are used to reduce defects of ultrasonic sensor such as poor directionality and frequent misreading. Whether infrared sensors of a segment detect obstacles or not, ultrasonic sensor data are modified. To evaluate the usefulness of the sensor fusion method, we used semicircular sensor module composed of 6 ultrasonic sensors and 7 infrared sensors. With this module, several experiments in indoor environment are performed.


Compared with 1994, this year likely will be a tame one for the sodium hydroxide market. Spot prices for the widely used industrial chemical—in industry referred to as caustic soda—skyrocketed beyond $300 per ton from an extraordinary low of about $30 per ton last February. A huge upturn in demand last year, coupled with possible future constraints on production of caustic soda as environmental concerns place limits on its coproduct, chlorine, is forcing chloralkali producers to look for ways to break, or at least reduce, the tie between caustic soda and chlorine. One way is to produce caustic soda from trona ore. The wild ride for caustic soda started with large inventories and a recovery in demand for chlorine as the U.S. pulled out of recession. "Caustic inventories were building," says Helmut Metzler, Occidental Chemical's business director for caustic soda. Formosa Plastics' 620,000-ton-per-year Point Comfort, Texas, plant was coming online, he says. "Everyone was scared ...


largess, appear to be facing a fifth horseman; also a pale rider, he faded green, like dollars whose substance is being leached away. Behold the Specter of Federal Funds Deprivation. This fifth horseman seems to be upon us, hard and furious. If not as physically deadly as the other four, he is nevertheless potentially devastating to special education and the hopes and egos invested in it. The status of P.L. 94-142 certainly is at stake here. I am not, however, about to editorialize upon its particular fate. Rather, I shall direct my remarks to what appears to be the federal Special Education Programs' (SEP's) biases in its allocation of the diminished discretionary funds at its disposal. Prescient, as always (some would interpret this as reflecting a paranoid state of mind), I have earlier editorialized on this topic.l I do so again, recognizing that what I wrote then and what I am writing now will in all probability be Canute-like in effectiveness.


Aspects of labour market integration and employment strategies in relation to reasonable accommodation regulations and the individualised perspective of anti-discrimination legislation. In recent years an unquestionable shift towards disability anti-discrimination legislation can be observed in EC-law (see dir. 2000/78/EC) as well as in national legislations in many parts of the world. Disability anti-discrimination legislation in Great Britain in 1995, Sweden in 1999 and most recently Germany in 2001 - and more adequately in August 2006 – are examples of this development. The anti-discrimination paradigm of equal treatment, first developed in relation to Gender and Race, has, however, when it comes to disability discrimination, in general been subject to one particular amendment; the obligation to take reasonable accommodation in order to provide access to disabled employees and applicants (see art. 5 dir. 2000/78/EC). The impact of disability discrimination law will, most likely, in many situations be dependent on exactly this – that many employees with disabilities require some special treatment. Under the anti-discrimination legislation such arrangements, when reasonable, will be dealt with in relation to the contractual situation in an employment or a possible future contract (when dealing with applicants). Legislation provides rights for the disabled to call for these amendments and an corresponding obligation for the employer to cover expenses and organisational burdens emerging from these rights. Anti-discrimination law monitors the employment contract and pinpoints that the question of accommodating disabled persons within the workforce of an enterprise should be solved using labour legal measures without any direct correlation to public intervention by labour market authorities. This article examines the reasonable accommodation legislation within the British Disability Discrimination Act, the Swedish Law (1999:132) on Disability Discrimination and the recent German General Equal Treatment Act (Allgeimes Gleichbehandlungsgesetz). The author argues, in large based on the mentioned legislation and the current differences between these three national legal documents along with the EC-directive 2000/78/EG, that the anti-discrimination perspective will provide a shift of focus from the disabled as a group towards disabled as individuals, but also that this shift might change the perception of disability and disabled peoples labour market integration, "from a given into a task", a task for the individual as an actor, very much in line with an ongoing individualisation of labour market standards in Europe. Issues discussed concerns what role the requirement to take reasonable accommodations plays in this development and indeed, if this constitutes a movement from Social Law to Employment Law and an increased focus on the individual employment contract and the individual's personal capacity. (Less)


With reference to the properties of multiscale and shift invariance of nonsubsampled Contourlet transform,and concerning the characteristics of Computed Tomography(CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) images,a medical images fusion method was proposed.The proposed method fused the low frequency subband and high frequency subband of these medical images separately by the regional feature strategy.The paper introduced the judgment criteria of images fusion and expatiated on the principle and implementation of Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform(NSCT).And this gave the subjective judgment and numeric measurement of the fusion images based on visual effect and information indexes.To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm,the authors compared the results with those of the algorithms,such as wavelet transform and Contourlet transform.The CT and MRI images simulation results of mandibular system indicate that the proposed method outperforms the others in terms of both visual quality and objective evaluation criteria,while it can integrate and maintain much more effective and detailed information as well.


A formalism in terms of Hertz potentials is presented describing sum-frequency generation in a uniaxial non-linear crystal. A scheme is proposed consisting in aligning the sideways propagation of extraordinary waves in combination with phase-matching. Simplified paraxial equations describing this situation are obtained. Particular attention is paid to the generation of second harmonics.


In order to investigate the influence of different fermentation method on pesticide effect of traditional Chinese medicine against chicken colibacillosis, Lactobacillus plantarum strains was used for fermentation. The results show that traditional Chinese medicine after fully fermented cannot protect the chicken against the attack of Escherichia coli WW1. The protection rate of traditional Chinese medicine after Pericarpium citri reticulatae fermented reached 75%~ 93.75%,and the low dose group was better than that of the medium and the high dose group. So the daily dose should be no more than 1 g·kg-1bw.


Entrepreneurship, Material, Methods, Money and Human resources are the five major resources of humans. Human resource stands out since it's a live entity; it's the unifying factor among all the resources since in its absence the others automatically seize to exist. In the world today Human resource has grown to unexpected levels, it has gone beyond planning, sustaining controlling, monitoring and developing since its now actively contributing to core of the organizations through Human resource audit. This shows that there is a paradigm shift in the way Human resource is perceived. Human resource professionals greatly influence determination of any organization's strategic planning through bringing new skill sets, accurate forecasting and filling the human resource needs. Their skills influence the organization mostly in developing, hiring and training, both the new and the experienced resources. In this study, the author focuses on the corporate expectations from engineering graduates in India. A methodical combination of an abstract structure and practical study is applied for the function. The abstract structure is through a decisive review of pertinent literature while the experimental part of the work is dependent on the decisive study and scrutiny of the responses given by the graduates to the structured questionnaire. The primary output of the literature survey and the results of the experimental study articulately amalgamated would greatly assist in comprehending the corporate expectations of the engineering graduates.


It is a necessary function of a Web application system to provide the dynamic exchange of data according to user's requests. JSP is a new technology for developing a Web application with the interactions between the application system and its users. In this paper, the main features of the JSP technology are briefly analyzed. After that, the major techniques in developing an interactive Web application by use of JSP are discussed. Then, an online CAI system developed by us, as an example of the development of Web applications based on JSP, is reported.


The popularity of the Network makes college students gradually rely on the Network, comfortable life and parents spoil many college students lack normal labor skills, labor consciousness is weak. This paper investigates and analyzes the current situation of college students' labor education in the network era, combines labor education with the network, makes full use of the network, explores the implementation path to improve the effect of college students' labor education, improves college students' labor skills, and cultivates excellent college students with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor.


Written language reading by ear and by eye routes and options in word comprehension and naming the acquired dyslexias words in combinations spelling and writing learning to read and write developmental dyslexia and dysgraphia.


During recent years, the World Wide Web (WWW, Web) has in- creasingly been used as a platform for applications that link together processes both between and across organizations. Acting as distributed components, Web Services provide a standardized way of externalizing functionality on a global scale and as such enable accesses that transcend organizational boundaries to form federated applications. The design and evolution of these federated appli- cations is now imposing new obligations for the disciplined engineering of composed Web solutions. To meet these obligations, we extend the WebCom- position idea, which is an approach to apply component-based software devel- opment concepts on Web applications. This extension facilitates modeling the complex landscape of the components and services building the federated ap- plications. In this context, we introduce the WebComposition Architecture Model that serves as a map to keep track of the interrelations between the fed- erated partners in terms of the involved Web-technology. Among the modeled artifacts are Web services, Web Applications and organizational zones of con- trol that are all subject to evolution in the sense of the WebComposition ap- proach. The rise of network technologies has enabled many fields of applications and ways to support businesses. Initially applied to connect only distributed components within single companies, it is nowadays increasingly used to link together systems of multi- ple enterprises for the purpose of cooperation and federation. The resulting applica- tions are therefore characterized by their component-oriented architecture and distrib- uted nature. This trend has also been influenced by recent advances in Web technologies, par- ticularly in the field of Web services. In the context of enterprise integration, the ser- vice can take the role of the component in a distributed system by exposing function- ality and data through defined interfaces and standardized Web protocols. The value they provide can then be used in applications from within as well as from outside the company. In order to facilitate their orchestration to higher-level services, solutions can rely on business-process engines that control the execution flow of multiple ser- vices based on formal descriptions of the process.


Objective To investigate the relationship between serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese young population.Methods A total of 797 patients were enrolled and subdivided into MS group(n=377)and non-MS group(n =420).Body height and weight were measured for body mass index(BMI),and waist and hip circumstances for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).Glutamate aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,serum lipid level,fasting glucose and fasting insulin were determined.The level of serum SHBG was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay.HOMA-IR was employed to evaluate the insulin sensitivity.Results The serum SHBG level of non-MS group was significantly higher than that in MS group[(34.97± 33.97 vs 19.54 ± 15.54) nmol/L,P<0.001].After adjusted for age,sex,BMI,and WHR,serum SHBG level was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR),and triglycerides (P < 0.05),but it was significantly positively associated with HDL-C (P < 0.001).After adjusted for age,sex,BMI,WHR,and HOMA-IR,binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum SHBG level was negatively associated with metabolic syndrome.Conclusions In Chinese young population,low level of serum SHBG is associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

Key words:
Chinese young population ;  Sex hormone binding globulin ;  Metabolic syndrome


Changes in physiological and biochemical patterns in lucerne plants caused by the presence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia', which is one of the significant pathogens causing yield losses in lucerne plants, were investigated. Significant differences were evident in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and protein amounts between 'Ca. Phytoplasma australasia'-positive and negative lucerne plants. Stress-related metabolites such as phenol, malondialdehyde, and proline accumulations in 'Ca. Phytoplasma australasia'-positive plants were remarkably higher than those of phytoplasma-negative plants. As a response to disease attack, phytoplasma-positive plants exhibited higher antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase) and non-enzymatic metabolite responses such as jasmonic and salicylic acids. We state that partial disease responses were revealed for the first time to breed resistant lucerne lines infected by 'Ca. Phytoplasma australasia'.


Type A behaviour and the social production of cardiovascular disease William W. Dressier page 181 Psychopathology and social functioning in women with Turner syndrome Jennifer Downey, Anke A. Ehrhardt, Rhoda Gruen, Jennifer J. Bell and Akira Morishima 191 Anxiety disorders among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in Los Angeles Marvin Karno, Jacqueline M. Golding, M. Audrey Burnam, Richard L. Hough, Javier I. Escobar, Kenneth M. Wells and Richard Boyer 202 Depression, pain, and hemispheric activation Michael W. Otto, Michael J. Dougher and Ronald A. Yeo 210 Two syndromes of schizophrenic psychopathology associated with left v. right temporal deficits in P300 amplitude. Four case reports Martha E. Shenton, Ruth Ballinger, Brian Marcy, Steven F. Faux, Melanie Cane, Margorie Lemay, Geraldine Cassens, Michael Coleman, Frank H. Duffy and Robert W. McCarley 219 Computed tomography findings in delirium Hannu Koponen, Leevi Hurri, Vila Stenbdck, Esa Maltila, Hilkka Soininen and Paavo J. Riekkinen 226 Obsessive-compulsive disorder in mentally retarded patients Benedetto Vitiello, Scott Spreat and David Behar l^l Correlates of memory in Parkinson's disease Manuel Riklan, Constance M. Reynolds and Stanley Stellar 237


This work describes the attitude determination and the gyros drift estimation using the Regularized Particle Filter (RPF) with Roughening and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for nonlinear systems. The Particle Filter has some similarities with the Unscented Kalman Filter which transforms a set of points (cloud) through known nonlinear equations and combines the results to estimate the moments (mean and covariance) of the state. However, in the Particle Filter the points (particles cloud) are chosen randomly, whereas in the Unscented Kalman Filter the points are carefully picked up based on a very specific criterion. In this way, the number of points (particles) used in a Particle Filter generally needs to be much greater than the number of points (sigma-points) in an Unscented Kalman Filter. The application of the Regularized Particle Filter in this work uses simulated measurements of a real satellite CBERS-2 (China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite 2) which was at a polar sun-synchronous orbit with an altitude of 778km, crossing Equator at 10:30am in descending direction, frozen eccentricity and perigee at 90 degrees, and provided global coverage of the world every 26 days. These simulated measurements were yielded by the package PROPAT, a Satellite Attitude and Orbit Toolbox for Matlab. The attitude dynamical model for CBERS-2 is described by nonlinear equations involving the quaternions. The attitude sensors available are two DSS (Digital Sun Sensors), two IRES (Infra-Red Earth Sensor), and one triad of mechanical gyros. In this work, attitude dynamics as well as sensors measurements are simulated to reproduce realistic scenarios with low or high sampling rates, or different levels of accuracy. .


Problem Statement: Study of gender peculiarities. Discursive description of gender linguistics and some aspects of nonverbal communication norms. Differences and similarities in the behavior of men and women in different countries. Research Questions: The emotional peculiarities of genders. Study and identification of emotional state according to gender linguistics by nonverbal means. Purpose of the Study: The study of emotional state of women and men, facial expressions degree of control over the nonverbal behavior as cultural indicator. Emotional state expressed by nonverbal means contributes to disclosure of inner world, aesthetic appreciation of personality in gender linguistics. Research Methods: There were used discursive, comparative and descriptive analyses for classifying the features of behavioral state of men and women. Universal types of emotion, external indicators of nonverbal communication, their similarities and differences in different countries are explained. Diversity of mental states, actions, reactions to the disclosure of individual state in gender linguistics. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +0-000-000-0000 ; fax: +0-000-000-0000 . http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2014.05.17 The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences eISSN: 2357-1330 146-152 147 Findings: The positive achievements in cross cultural communication. Emotional state of gender, discursive description of intonation, variety of mental states and characteristics contribute to a better understanding of gender psychology in linguistics. Human ability to identify the basic emotions and nonverbal displays are universal. These data show the women have the same rights as men. Conclusions: The study focuses on the problems of discursive description of gender linguistics which is the new and actual theme in the philological science nowadays. The concept of gender is a scientific trend to define a social place of the women and men in a society. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Cognitive – crcs under responsibility of the Author(s).


The synthesis of the hitherto unknown 1-phenylamino-4,5-dimethylimidazole derivatives 3, 4 and 5 is shown and a bromination study is described by using N-bromosuccinimide. It is extremely remarkable that under mild but nevertheless free radical reaction conditions, even by using drastically increasing amounts of NBS (up to 8 eq.) the bromination provides regioselectively in very good yields only the corresponding 2-bromoimidazoles, whereas no side chain bromination to the 4- and 5-methyl groups is observed. However, under more drastic reaction conditions, reflux in CCl4, polybromination takes place and polybrominated imidazole building blocks are formed in good yields.


Chemotherapy‐related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is a known adverse event that can impact cancer survivors, resulting in long‐standing effect on quality of life and activities of daily living. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the aetiology and therapy for CRCI. Although CRCI following autologous stem cell transplantation (AuSCT) is emerging as a potentially significant concern for patients with underlying haematological malignancies, it is an area that requires further research.


blind who know him know what he is like. Those who do not have missed something. The one person who understands the thoughts, feelings and experiences that have formed the character and personality of Stetson K. Ryan is the man who offered his services to the Charity Organization Society and later went by foot down rough roads to seek out blind people; and who was able, when he found them, to see what they were really like. In a statement prepared for his fiftieth reunion at Wesleyan in June 1954 Mr. Ryan wrote, "For fifty years or more I have been conscious of a Guiding Hand, but I have never seen it." This short but complete sentence is probably as much of an autpbiography as will ever come from Stetson K. Ryan. Let it suffice.


That's a summary of our research in Greece and Germany as it concerns with their "labor market". We examine the 3-polar system in the labor market, State-Company-Citizen. The aim of this paper is to show the bargaining possibilities when there are three involved parties on a labor market and two of them are active decision-makers. The third one is stakeholder who does not directly take part in the decision-making process. We will show possible solutions for increasing the benefit for all three parties. As an introduction, basic statistical data from Greece and Germany will be presented and structured. After this, the different behaviors of the parties in both countries will be regarded and their bargaining success will be illustrated.


To ascertain how to produce differential pressure reasonably during the course of high temperature and pressure gas well testing,we must consider synthetically the following situations: both liquid in well bore and solid phase particles of mud in strata can be carried out through airflow;we must avoid sand production out of borehole walls and make the selected differential pressure meet the demands of the testing instrument capability;the calculation of differential pressure when no sand comes out of strata covers the calculation of strength of rock of borehole walls and airflow velocity,etc.The differential pressure determined from these calculations can ensure safe testing and reliable testing results.


Korea's population is aging at a faster pace than any other major country, and the adverse impact of this trend on the economy is predicted to be significant. This paper focuses on the macroeconomic effects of population aging with particular attention paid to the pace of aging in Korea. According to our analysis, it is difficult to offset the decline in the labor supply driven by rapid population aging, even if the labor force participation rate of the working-age population rises to a significantly high level. We suggest a re-orientation of policy directions to correspond to the behavioral changes of economic agents. Policies must focus on promoting labor force participation among the elderly while pushing towards human capital advancement and higher productivity.


Although teachers reporting high teaching self-efficacy demonstrate positive teaching behaviors, minimal stress, and superior classroom management techniques, surprisingly few studies have demonstrated a relationship between teacher self-efficacy and student outcomes. This study explored self-efficacy specific to teaching students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and examined relationships with stress, teacher engagement, and student individualized education program (IEP) outcomes. Special education teachers (N = 44) were recruited as part of a larger study examining a consultation intervention. Results indicated that self-efficacy for teaching students with ASD was significantly and positively correlated with teacher engagement and student outcomes, and negatively correlated with teacher stress. Furthermore, teachers who received the consultation intervention reported higher levels of self-efficacy for teaching students with ASD. This is the first study to report a direct association between teacher self-efficacy and student IEP outcomes and the potential positive impact of a teacher consultation intervention on the teacher intrapersonal factor of self-efficacy.


Model predictive control has become a major research topic during the last few decades and it has been successfully applied in industry. Inverted Pendulum is a classical example for control engineers to verify and apply different logics in the field of control theory. The pendulum is stable while hanging downwards, but the inverted pendulum is inherently unstable and need to be balanced. The balancing of an inverted pendulum by moving a cart along a horizontal track is a classic problem in the area of control. In this paper, model predictive control is applied to an inverted pendulum system. In this paper PID controller is tuned to control the inverted pendulum system and advance MPC controller is used to control the inverted pendulum system. By comparing both controllers, we can see that advance MPC controller is better as compare to conventional PID controller.


The invention provides a split lower limb wearing measuring device and a following control method. The split lower limb wearing measuring device comprises a frontal axis measuring device, a vertical axis measuring device, a hip joint connecting piece and a shank connecting piece. A walking platform comprise left four feet, right four feet, a left motor and a right motor. The vertical axis measuring device is designed into a split structure which is capable of improving the wearing use convenience and quickness of the measuring device. The following control method for the dual four-feet walking platform is developed so that the control on the dual four-feet walking platform can be more convenient, the two hands of a person are liberated and the working efficiency is improved. Human-machine synergic movement is realized. The split lower limb wearing measuring device and the following control method can be applied to detection, military use and the like.


Population density of Aphis craccivora attacking green beans plants cultivated at Ashmoon, Menoufia cleared that the summer season was the highest abundance , since the total average recorded 3226.0 immature insects / 10 leaves and 340 mature insects /10 leaves , whereas in the winter season the total numbers average 81.1 immature insects /10leaves and 60.0 mature insects /10 leaves . The percentages of predators to aphid numbers reached to 34.1 and 19.7 5 in both seasons of study, respectively.


The effect of TaG or NbC addition on some mechanical properties of WC-β-Co and WC-β(N)-Co alloys (β, WC-TiC solid solution; variable β(N), WC-TiC-TiN s.s.) was investigated to make clear the difference between TaC and NbC as the additional carbides.It was found that the effect of TaC or NbC addition was nearly in the same way, so far as transverse-rupture strength, hardness and high temperature deformation were concerned. However, it was emphasized that the TaC addition was more effective than the NbC addition to improve the oxidation resistance of the alloys.


ABSTRACT This study investigated the benefits of music education while providing a teacher educator and teacher candidate the opportunity to conduct collaborative research using comparative ethnographic narrative (CEN), a blend of narrative inquiry and reflexive ethnography. CEN relies on two researchers reflecting together and co-constructing knowledge with participants. Qualitative data from surveys (N = 116), and interview data from 12 participants, were combined with teacher candidate observations to synthesise a composite narrative story of lived experience. Through iterative coding and constant comparison, codes were collapsed and synthesised into major themes. A composite character, Jamie was created using representative constructions to capture, collate, and summarise all data. Jamie's story provides insights into lived experiences of individuals, while highlighting significant findings. Narrative inquiry of participants' lived experiences in a unique summer music programme, revealed many life-long benefits of music education including significant personal, social, and life skills such as creativity, leadership, teamwork, cooperation, responsibility, discipline and communication.


We consider the effects of an outflow on radiation escaping from the infalling envelope around a massive protostar. Using numerical radiative transfer calculations, we show that outflows with properties comparable to those observed around massive stars lead to significant anisotropy in the stellar radiation field, which greatly reduces the radiation pressure experienced by gas in the infalling envelope. This means that radiation pressure is a much less significant barrier to massive star formation than has previously been thought.


A male, 9-year-old Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) with low serum T3 and T4 concentration died one day after recovering from anesthesia for routine health evaluations. Post-mortem radiographic findings revealed a distended stomach and loops of bowel in the thoracic cavity. At necropsy, severe displacement of abdominal viscera into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus was accompanied by rupture of the diaphragm, volvulus of abdominal viscera, strangulation of the intestines, and collapse of the lung. Microscopically, there were marked myodegeneration and myonecrosis of the diaphragm and varying degrees of congestion in the displaced organs. The thyroid had variably sized and shaped thyroid follicles with slight lymphocytic infiltration in the interstitium. The present case suggests that a hiatus hernia may be one of the life-threatening post-anesthesia complications in tigers with hypothyroidism.


The availability of better services and products has become a challenge in all segments, from economics to high technology. This paper proposes an approach to Quality of Service for Grid Computing that involves the analysis of the grid resources and the categorization of types of services into Service Level Agreements (SLAs). This work focuses on the definition of grid indicators to create a Decision Support System that helps to identify the Quality of Service offered by the resources available in the grid, as well as the improvement needed for these services. The system also includes benefits for grid users, such as the quality of the information provided about the grid resources, which allows users to manage and use the available resources in an easy way, improving the system's QoS from the user's point of view.


The present work investigated the meat yield of the gastropod Pomacea dolioides (Reeve, 1856), and sensorially evaluated its main organoleptic properties. The average meat yield of P. dolioides was 11.9 ± 3.4%, of which 10.9 ± 3.3% was for young females, 12.5 ± 2.8% for adult females, 12.1 ± 4.2% for young males, and 12.4 ± 2.2% for adult males. No significant difference was found in meat yield between sex, but a significant difference was detected in size. A significant difference was also found in the sensory analysis, as the treatment in which the gastropods were fed with grass and ration obtained the best evaluation, reaching over 70% approval for all meat attributes. Although the meat yield of P. dolioides was low, its general quality was satisfactorily accepted by the panellists. The meat of this commercially unexploited gastropod is a source of low-cost protein for people with dietary food limitations and underprivileged populations of the Amazon region, and might constitute an alternative and supplementary source of income for local animal producers.


Nowadays, vascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the western world. According to the World Health Organisation report, 16.6 million people around the globe die of cardiovascular diseases each year. For example in 2001 the American Heart Association (AHA) reported that there were 7.2 million deaths from heart disease and 5.5 million from stroke. Another 15 million each year survive minor strokes and may use drugs for better life.


That As-2-S * ) may be biologically important as a sulfating agent has been suggested based on its chemical behavior. By analogy to oxidative phosphorylation, Ford and Ruoff1 first speculated that As2-S might act as a sulfate carrier as a consequence of oxidation. As2-S was shown to serve as the sulfating agent in vitro at elevated temperature or under mild oxidizing conditions,2),3~ and has indeed been found to be a good sulfating agent in vivo.4~ Rats injected with [35S] As-2-S were shown to accelerate the excretion of [35S] cholesterol sulfate relative to rats injected with [35S] Na2SO4. As-2-S has been isolated from rat liver, spleen, adrenals and urine,5~ and from human urine,° and its enzymatic degradation has been studied.7>>$> In the present communication, we present our finding that the radioactivity from [35S] As-2-S into ChS by embryonic chick cartilage epiphyses was incorporated almost in the same extent as that from [35S] Na2SO4. Twenty epiphyses collected from 13-day-old chick embryos (White Leghorn) were placed in 1 ml of F-12 medium along with the radioactive substrate. After incubation for 2 hr, the crude ChS fraction was isolated and its aliquot was subjected to descending paper chromatography, by which polymeric ChS does not move from the origin. The radioactivities remained on the origin were counted (shown in Table I). The extent of the sulfate incorporation from [35S] As-2-S into ChS was comparable with that from [35S] Na2SO4. The crude ChS fractions formed from [35S]Na2SO4 and [355]_ As-2-S, i.e., number Land 4 in Exp. II presented in Table I, respectively, were subjected to chondroitinase-ABC digestion. These resulting disaccharides were applied on paper chromatography. The autoradiogram was shown in Fig. 1. Both of the radioactive ChS formed from [35S] Na2SO4 and [35S] As-2-S gave two radioactive disaccharides, 4Di-4S and 4Di-6S. This fact shows that the radioactivity of the


Abstract Technology has brought changes to the life of the community college reference librarian. Not only has information gained a speed and immediacy that it did not have a decade ago but library users have expectations of convenience when using CD-ROMs and other electronic information sources that have caused reference librarians to rethink some of their traditional service modes. Compared to the speed at which information may be accessed today, the older systems of the 1970s and 1980s do appear to be 'antiques.'


Nowadays a lot of literature data on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is accumulated at various functional and pathological conditions of the human organism. HRV analysis has the greatest value in cardiology. HRV decreases with an increasing the severity of the disease and increases with favorable dynamics of the disease. The risk of adverse patients' outcomes (myocardial infarction, sudden death) increases considerably when HRV is low. There is a clear relationship between the state of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. This relationship is realized through a high susceptibility to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias in patients with disorders of ANS. The relationship between autonomic regulation and clinical course of atrial fibrillation / atrial flutter (AF), which is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is insufficiently studied. The frequency of hospitalizations because of this kind of arrhythmia is about 40% of the total number of cardiac rhythm disturbances hospitalizations. The aim of this research was to study indicators of cardiac rhythm in patients with paroxysmal and persistent AF.


Abstract The electronic spectra of high-spin pentacoordinate cobalt(II) complexes have been tentatively assigned on the basis of a ligand field approach.1–3 A controversy has arisen about the assignment of the spectrum of a typical chromophore, CoN4Br, having strictly C 3v symmetry in the compound [CoBr(Me6tren)]Br, where Me6tren is N[CH2CH2N(CH3)2]3. This spectrum shows four distinct bands well separated from charge transfer bands at 5.7, 12.3, 16.1 and 19.2–19.8 kK.4 Ciampolini and Bertini2 assigned these bands to transitions from the 4 A 2(F) ground state to the 4 E(F), 4 E E, 4 A 2(P), and 4 E(P) excited states whereas Wood3 assigned the second band to a spin forbidden transition, the third band to a transition to the 4 E(F) level and the last band to the two transitions to the highest two levels. Because of the cubic symmetry of the crystal lattice of this compound,5 polarized spectra were of no aid in deciding the correct assignment.


Abstract A brain tumor is one of the major causes of epilepsy, and glioma patients frequently exhibit seizures. Epileptic seizure, one of the features of glioma, is also known to be correlated with better outcome of patients. One of the reasons why patients with seizures have a good prognosis is that oligodendroglial tumors tends to cause epilepsy. However, even if limited to glioblastomas, the prognosis with epilepsy is still better than the others. Recently, the association between IDH mutations and epilepsy had been reported. IDH is an enzyme which converts isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, but when this enzyme is mutated, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is produced instead of alpha-ketoglutarate. The molecular structure of 2HG is similar to glutamate, and it had been also reported that 2HG binds to the NMDA receptor. Indeed, in our cases, the IDH-mutation rate was higher in cases with epilepsy than the others. From our study of gene expression profiles, it was also clarified that the expressions of neuron-related genes were higher in cases with epileptic seizures, suggesting that many tumors classified as pro-neural type were included in this subset. As described, epilepsy phenotype is important, even in daily practice, because it predict the molecular status of gliomas and estimates the prognosis of the patients. On the other hand, control of the seizures is important to keep patients' QoL and to provide effective treatment. In this seminar, the control of epilepsy during and early after surgery, and how to manage status epilepticus will be reviewed.


Introduction Rheumatic heart disease is one of the most common heart diseases in developing country. One of the most common complications of Rheumatic Heart Disease is Mitral Stenosis which ultimately lead to pulmonary hypertension and heart failure and death. So, PTMC (Percutaneous Transluminal Mitral Commissurotomy) is a well established simple, effective and safe therapeutic intervention for mitral stenosis. While many literatures reviewed till date have shown that it takes 3-6 months time period for the reduction of pulmonary artery pressure after PTMC, this study is designed to see the result in pulmonary artery pressure immediately after procedure. need of immediate mitral valve replacement. During procedure, paroxysmal PSVT was noted in six (14.285%) patients and also local hematoma was observed in five (11.90%) patients. Conclusion There is reduction in pulmonary artery pressure immediately post PTMC which is directly correlated with left atrial pressure without significant MR and tachycardia. This study is limited in terms of single center with small sample mmHg],24, 25, 26 in typical sinus beat, with ideal valve morphology (Wilkins' score ≤ 8, no or mellow mitral spewing forth, and no commissural calcification or LA thrombus)27, 28 who experienced a fruitful PTMC (quick post-procedural MVA of ≥1.5 cm2 or ≥50% expansion from pre-procedural MVA, and close to direct mitral disgorging after the procedure).29, 30 Exclusion models included: (I) Documented history or peri-procedural event of AF or some other supported arrhythmia. (ii) contribution of valves other than mitral valve (aortic valve, aspiratory valve, tricuspid valve) or proof of mitral annular calcification on echocardiography. (iii) Known history or clinical proof of coronary supply route ailment, essential cardiomyopathy, left ventricular (LV) brokenness, conduction variations from the norm, pericarditis, thyroid brokenness, iron deficiency, renal disappointment (serum creatinine of >1.5 mg/dl), pneumonic illness, hypertensive cardiovascular sickness, fundamental fiery malady. (iv) Exposure to any known cardiotoxin (for example doxorubicin chemotherapy, ethanol, and so forth.), electrolyte unevenness, utilization of drugs known to influence atrial conduction (for example digitalis, antiarrythmic medications), and patients on pacemakers. (v) Clinical or lab proof of rheumatic movement in going before a half year. (vi) Indiscernible P-waves in multiple leads on the pattern 12-lead ECG. (vii) Past history of any mitral valve mediation (PTMC, shut mitral valvotomy, open mitral valvotomy) or other heart medical procedures.


Abstract By focusing on die concept of incentive consistency we clarify die conditions under which the capital value of a project is a monotonic declining function of the discount rate. We show contradicting earlier writers, that the optimal choice of the project lifetime does not guarantee monotonicity. Previous authors have made use of the property we call incentive consistency, but as a consequence of optimality. We show that projects undertaken by reasonably sensible economic agents will have nice properties. Our main contribution lies in showing that less than full optimizing behaviour is sufficient, thereby expanding the set of well-behaved projects.


Stereoisomeric tyriverdins A and B were isolated from Thais clavigera. The former, which is identical with tyriverdin isolated by Baker, was confirmed by 13C-NMR spectrum to be 2,2′-bis(methylthio)-6,6′-dibromo-2,2′-diindoxyl . None of these compounds are detected in the gastropod, suggesting that they are formed during the isolation process probably from tyrindoxyl sulfate, a genuine constituent.


Conflict in intercultural communication and conflict management have drawn tremendous attention from intercultural communication scholars and practitioners, who believe the intersection of different cultures can present difficulties in communication when culture-bound communication patterns and cultural assumptions and values clash. Moore (1967) points out the impossibility of living with other peoples peacefully without "a substantial knowledge of the fundamental characteristics and also the variety of points of views" that constitute the minds of those peoples. Shuter (1990) calls for an "intracultural perspective" to generate cultural data that "not only increases understanding of a society, but also serves as springboard for developing intracultural communication theory" (p. 247). This paper is intended to offer an in-depth cultural-specific look at the "native" Chinese perspective on conflict and conflict resolution. Research data includes qualitative personal interviews. The author believes such data will provide us with valuable information concerning potential sources of conflict and management of conflict of intercultural nature.