We consider single production of leptoquarks (LQ's) at [ital e][sup +][ital e[minus]] and [gamma][gamma] colliders, for two values of the center-of-mass energy: [radical][ital s] =500 GeV and 1 TeV. We find that LQ's which couple within the first generation are observable for LQ masses almost up to the kinematic limit, both at [ital e][sup +][ital e[minus]] and [gamma][gamma] colliders, for an LQ coupling strength equal to [alpha][sub em]. The cross sections for single production of second- and third-generation LQ's at [ital e][sup +][ital e[minus]] colliders are too small to be observable. In [gamma][gamma] collisions, on the other hand, second-generation LQ's with masses much larger than [radical][ital s] /2 can be detected. However, third-generation LQ's can be seen at [gamma][gamma] colliders only for masses at most [similar to] [radical][ital s] /2, making their observation more probable via the pair production mechanism.


Aeromonas sp.F3 was screened from marine mud for hydrolyzing collagen.The characteristies of collagenase from Aeromonas sp.F3 were investigated via single-factor test.Thermal treatment at 50 ℃ for 40 min resulted in obvious deactivation.The optimum reaction temperature and pH was 40 ℃ and 8.6.Collagenase activity was activated by Ca2+ at 0.5 mmol/L.The molecular weight of the hydrolyzate was under 30 ku.


This presentation will focus on template-stripping methods for making ultra-smooth patterned metals and atomic layer lithography for making sub-nanometer-wide gaps. Applications of these optical nanostructures for plasmonic sensing and surface-enhanced spectroscopies will be demonstrated.


Abstract: Seaports are crucial pivots connecting a state's national economy with the world economy. As the largest developing country and one of the largest seaport constructors and operators in the world, China insists on the importance of improving people's livelihood by building key seaports infrastructure, airports, power plants, highways, and railways. Invited by the host countries, China has participated broadly in the construction and operations of commercial seaports along the Maritime Silk Road, which stretches from Southwest Asia to Eastern Africa and to the Mediterranean Sea and the Maghreb. Officials in Beijing argue that the fundamental task facing the majority of developing countries along the Maritime Silk Road is development, and suggest that "bread is more important than the ballot box". One can anticipate that when the project is executed, the threats to China's seaport construction will range from financial burdens, ethnic conflicts, attacks carried out by extremists, and cultural misunderstandings with the host nations to great power rivalries.


Electrolessly deposited materials were investigated as possible diffusion barrier layers for multilayer microelectronic structures. Attention was focused on selective deposition of barrier layers on various surfaces, the barrier's capability to inhibit Cu diffusion, changes in Cu resistivity caused by barrier material diffusion into Cu, and adhesion between a polyimide film and the barrier layer. Electroless Co(P) was the most effective barrier to Cu diffusion at elevated temperature, even at Co(P) thicknesses as low as 500 A. Diffusion-barrier effectiveness of electrolessly deposited materials decreased in the following order: Co(P) > Ni-Co(P) ≃ Ni(P) > pure metals Co, Ni). Although a polyimide film bonded strongly to electrolessly deposited Ni(P) layers and only weakly to as-deposited Co(P), electroless Ni(P) significantly increased the Cu resistivity through interdiffusion. Polyimide adhesion to Co(P) was improved by oxidizing a Co(P) surface immediately after deposition to grow a passive film 50-75 A thick, yielding a surface to which the polyimide adheres strongly and reproducibly. A low-energy-beam, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis technique (SEM/EDX) was developed to measure the nonoxidized thin Co(P) barrier layer thickness.


Introduction:
 The accumulation of senescent cells during aging relates to the development of various age-related pathologies including atherosclerosis and heart failure, which can be improved by specific elimination of senescent cells, so called "senolysis". We have identified glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) as an antigen specifically expressed by senescent endothelial cells, so called "seno-antigen". Also, we previously developed the vaccine against Gpnmb, eliminated senescent cells in mice, leading to an improvement of age-related pathologies. However, detailed function of GPNMB in senescent cells is still uncertain.
 Purpose:
 To elucidate the role of GPNMB in senescent cells and cardiovascular-related pathologies.

 Methods:
 Overexpression or depletion of GPNMB in endothelial cells (ECs) were generated. Cellular senescence was induced in ECs by doxorubicin. Gpnmb-knockout or overexpressed (Gp-KO or Gp-OE) mice were generated and imposed to hind-limb ischemia treatment or high-fat-diet feeding to evaluate vascular functions. Double transgenic mice (ApoE-KO and Gp-KO or Gp-OE) were also generated and imposed to high-fat diet to develop atherosclerosis.

 Results:
 The depletion of GPNMB in ECs was proved to shorten their replicative lifespan, and increase the expression of negative cell cycle regulators including p53, p21 and p16. Conversely, overexpressed GPNMB protected ECs from senescence stress.
 In vivo
 studies showed the impairment of vascular function, atherogenesis, and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation were enhanced in Gp-KO mice, but attenuated in Gp-OE mice. Furthermore, GPNMB was found to localize on lysosomal membrane. Cells with depleted GPNMB demonstrated the accumulation of dysfunctional lysosomes, indicated the contribution of GPNMB in maintaining lysosome integrity. Under senescence-associated lysosomal stress, elevated GPNMB expression was detected, contributing to senescent cells survival.

 Conclusions:
 GPNMB acts as a protective factor to senescent cells. Seno-antigen targeting GPNMB is possibly considered as an efficient strategy against cardiovascular diseases and other age-associated disorders with higher selectivity and fewer off-target effects.


Empirical foundations for the view that high inflation impairs GDP growth are examined using annual data for 115 countries over the period 1960–1995. Taking into account country heterogeneity and time-specific symmetric shocks, as well as endogeneity of inflation and dynamics of GDP growth, dynamic panel-data models of the effects of inflation on growth are estimated. No evidence is found supporting the view that inflation is in general harmful to GDP growth. On the other hand, there is a negative correlation between contemporaneous intra-country inflation and growth for periods characterized by positive oil-price shocks.


Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an economically important dicot legume, is a member of the family Fabaceae and belongs to the genus Glycine Willd. Based on classical and molecular taxonomy, the genus Glycine has been divided into two subgenera; the subgenus Soja (Moench) F.J. Hermann includes soybean and its wild annual progenitor G. soja Sieb. & Zucc. Both species contain 2n = 40 chromosomes, are cross-compatible, produce fertile F1 plants, and belong to the primary gene pool. The subgenus Glycine consists of 26 wild perennial species. Vegetative and reproductive morphology of soybean has been examined extensively. The cytogenetic knowledge of soybean lags far behind that of other model economically important crops (viz. rice, maize, wheat, tomato), because its somatic chromosomes are symmetrical and only one pair of satellite chromosomes can be identified. Molecular linkage maps have been associated with specific chromosomes, and soybean genome has been sequenced. The soybean breeders, worldwide, are confined to crossing within the primary gene pool; thus, genetic base of soybean is very narrow. Wild perennial Glycine species of the tertiary gene pool have been recently exploited to broaden the genetic base of modern soybean cultivars.


Aim: Because of its important role in oncological curation, surgical oncology has radically advanced over the last decades with new techniques and technological improvements resulting in better outcome and survival in cancer patients. However, one prominent risk factor remains the complete removal of the solid tumor with acceptable margins. In head and neck cancer, when tumor cells remain present in the patient postoperatively, a significantly lower chance of curation is described and these patients are hence referred for further adjuvant therapies [1]. This has led to the recent development of intra-operative optical guidance to visualize the tumor margins by use of fluorescence. The field of optical guided surgery has evolved tremendously over the last couple of years, resulting in an explosion of different tracers [2]. This sudden growth of optical guided surgery has led to an unclear overview of the tracers used in the field. The current systematic review aimed at systematically collecting all different molecular specific probes studied in animal models and clinical trials for their application in the optical visualization of head and neck squamous cell cancer specifically.
Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) [3]. The Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for eligible articles using a specifically designed search string. Only studies were included which investigated molecular specific probes for the macroscopic identification of mucosal squamous cell cancers of the head and neck in animal models or in clinical trials. Studies considering non-specific targets or non-animal studies were excluded, and only articles in English, French or Dutch were selected. There were no restrictions on publication date of publication.
Results: After removal of duplicates a total of 1137 records were described. Title and abstract revealed a total of 128 eligible records, of which 47 manuscripts were included in the systematic review after full text screening and application of in- and exclusion criteria. All molecular specific imaging agents were grouped into groups based on their responding proteins. These imaging agents make use of the tumor-upregulated proteins CD44v6 (n=2), COX-2 (n=1), EGFR (n=21), EpCAM (n=1), Fr (n=1), GGT (n=2), Integrins (n=6), Cathepsin and MMP (n=7), PARP (n=2), PDPN (n=1), Tf (n=1), uPAR (n=2) and VEGF (n=1). Because of the heterogenous presentation of the results, a primary narrative systematic review was conducted. The main differences between the groups will be discussed, and the possible research implications will be presented.
Conclusion: This study systematically reviews all studies published on the topic of molecular specific optical visualization of squamous cell cancers of the head and neck in clinical or animal studies. These results could help researchers determine which probes are useful for their implementation in further studies and hence advance FDA- and EMA-approval for these molecular specific optical imaging agents.


cyclophosphamide had any beneficial effect in the treatment of lupus nephritis. It would seem unjustifiable, therefore, to continue its use in this condition. In other autoimmune conditions and malignant disease we suggest carefully controlled trials of cyclophosphamide, assessing its benefits in each condition, and taking into account the long-term risks before it is accepted as standard treatment. Follow-up of patients who have already received the drug should be of long duration. Symptoms of cystitis-frequency and dysuria, with or without haematuria or bacteriuria-should be taken seriously, as they are common presenting features of carcinoma of the bladder and assume even more importance in patients whohave received cyclophosphamide. A skeleton regimen with individual variations would include sixmonthly visits with urological history, urine microscopy, culture, and cytology. If there is a positive response intravenous urography should be performed and, when indicated, cystoscopy. The patient should be advised not to await the next six-monthly appointment if symptoms develop but to report at the earliest opportunity.


Aeroelastic stability of wind turbine blade sections has been studied in detail by means of eigenvalue analysis of flap and lead-lag directions based on the extended ONERA model. The paper described different influencing factors of aeroelastic stability and established proper parameter ranges. The analysis results are reaffirmed by another approach of optimization method and system response. The point to be emphasized here is that the eigenvalue methods of ONERA theory play an important role in analyzing stability and flutter of wind turbine blade sections.


PURPOSE
To compare the anatomical structure and the presence of growth factors and cytokines of amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/MEM (1:1) or undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide through electron microscopy.

METHODS
Amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/MEM (1:1) or undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide were processed for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. As control, freshly collected amniotic membrane was fixed and processed for electron microscopy. The cytokines and growth factors assessed were: TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta); TGF-beta activ (activated transforming growth factor beta); EGF (epidermal growth factor); FGF-4 (fibroblast growth factor 4); bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor); IL-4 (interleukin 4); PGE2 (prostaglandin E2); IL-10 (interleukin 10); KGF (keratinocyte growth factor); HGF (hepatocyte growth factor).

RESULTS
Amniotic membrane from the control group showed intact epithelium, with surface microvilli and junctional complexes between the cells and the basal membrane. Glycerol/MEM preserved amniotic membrane had similar aspect to the control, with higher epithelial cells. Those amniotic membranes preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide disclosed less intercellular junction and detachment of the epithelium from the basal membrane. The cytokines and growth factors did not disclose significant differences, except for FGF-4, bFGF, PGE2 and KGF.

CONCLUSIONS
Amniotic membrane preserved in glycerol/MEM showed a better tissue structure, with less detachment of the epithelium from the basal membrane, in comparison to undiluted dimethyl sulfoxide. The majority of the growth factors and cytokines were kept with both techniques of preservation.


This talk will review modified uni-traveling carrier photodiodes that have reached high RF output power levels. Discrete photodiodes, photodiodes with microwave matching circuits, and heterogeneously integrated waveguide photodiodes will be described.


SUBTITLE: WITH THE GROWTH IN FRANCHISING AND SUBSIDIARY OPERATIONS, BRANDING HAS BECOME INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT TO REGIONAL AIRLINES. BERNIE BALDWIN FINDS OUT HOW THE PROCESS WORKS.


The pertinence of advertising lies in its modest efforts to create awareness, inform and persuade target audience (the public) of the availability of a product or service. Producers communicate their brands through this medium. Service providers on the other hand showcase their services to the public to attract patronage. Nonetheless, advertising messages in recent times are apparent in everyday life in various media platforms and attract wider audience especially when a popular artist or personality is involved. This study, therefore, examines the influence of media programmes on consumers' behaviour in our contemporary Nigerian society, where different products and services are fighting with one another for higher patronage and to get number one position in consumers' minds. The study also examines the individual consumer's exposure toward domestic and multinational products advertisement when the services of popular artists and stars are employed. The effect of advertising on consumers' purchasing behaviour is also a focus. The study adopts qualitative research method, which means that data utilized were obtained from secondary sources such as books, journal articles, internet sources, etc. Relevant literatures obtained from these sources are used to establish opinions and perceptions of several researches to the importance of this study. Our findings reveal among others, the relationship between advertisement of products and services, and consumer purchasing behaviour in the country. Suggestions and recommendations are also made to enable both the producers and consumers satisfy their needs and wants after the sales and consumption of commodities.


The University of Missouri Section will host the 49th Midwest Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society (MWRM 2014) at the Memorial Union on the University of Missouri (MU) campus, in Columbia, from Wednesday, Nov. 12, through Saturday, Nov. 15. The general chair of the meeting is  Michael Greenlief and the program chair is Timothy Glass, both of MU. Please visit the MWRM 2014 website, mwrm2014.org, for evolving program details as well as registration and hotel information. TECHNICAL PROGRAM. The technical program will include more than 500 presentations. The meeting will begin on Wednesday evening with an opening Sci-Mix poster session and reception. The meeting will include general oral sessions in analytical, inorganic, organic and medicinal, physical, and polymer chemistry; biochemistry; chemical education; and materials science, along with poster sessions throughout the day on Thursday and Friday. A number of symposia are scheduled. These include "Chemical Education," "Chemistry Outreach ...


Dynamic capabilities research has clearly demonstrated that businesses must adapt to change to survive. The Covid-19 pandemic has put the resilience of businesses at test. The present study uses dynamic capabilities theoretical framework to shed light on the determinants of business resilience. Results from a sample of 243 full-time managers and business owners demonstrate that businesses who are more agile are more likely to be resilient. In addition, environmental hostility positively moderates the positive relationship between agility and resilience such that this relationship is stronger when environmental hostility is high. Digitalization also showed a positive relationship with resilience. Finally, the hypothesis that digitalization moderates the positive relationship between agility and resilience such that this relationship is stronger when engagement is high was not supported due to the burnout effect of digitalization. Implications and future research opportunities of this research are offered.


Development of various robotic algorithms can be supported with the
aid of robot simulation programs.
We present the Webots mobile robot simulator and
its applicability to handle machine-learning methods.
Furthermore, we show advantages and disadvantages of different
navigation paradigms. We focus our investigation on metric navigation
and especially on the creation and the usage of occupancy grids. We
show a working method on how to use occupancy grid to efficiently
navigate in Webots.


The researcher has highlighted the importance of taking sodium bicarbonate for the level of LDH enzyme and lactic acid and the special endurance of futsal players, as sodium bicarbonate is one of the fluids that has a great effect on the athlete in terms of physical and physiological level, providing adequate physical fitness and increasing the activity and vitality of the body, helping the body to resist the nervous fatigue to which it is exposed. The study's goals included determining how consuming sodium bicarbonate affected the levels of lactic acid, the LDH enzyme, and the unique endurance of female futsal players (strength endurance, speed endurance, performance endurance). The researchers collected data using a variety of instruments, techniques, measurements, and qualifying methods while also using an experimental design with two experimental groups and a preand post-test. The statistical approach was adopted by the researcher (SPSS).


Na$_4$Ir$_3$O$_8$ provides a material platform to study three-dimensional quantum spin liquids in the geometrically frustrated hyperkagome lattice of Ir$^{4+}$ ions. In this work, we consider quantum spin liquids on hyperkagome lattice for generic spin models, focusing on the effects of anisotropic spin interactions. In particular, we classify possible $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and $U(1)$ spin liquid states, following the projective symmetry group analysis in the slave-fermion representation. There are only three distinct $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquids, together with 2 different $U(1)$ spin liquids. The non-symmorphic space group symmetry of hyperkagome lattice plays a vital role in simplifying the classification, forbidding "$\pi$-flux" or "staggered-flux" phases in contrast to symmorphic space groups. We further prove that both $U(1)$ states and one $Z_2$ state among all 3 are symmetry-protected gapless spin liquids, robust against any symmetry-preserving perturbations. Motivated by the "spin-freezing" behavior recently observed in Na$_4$Ir$_3$O$_8$ at low temperatures, we further investigate the nearest-neighbor spin model with dominant Heisenberg interaction subject to all possible anisotropic perturbations from spin-orbit couplings. We found a $U(1)$ spin liquid ground state with spinon fermi surfaces is energetically favored over $Z_2$ states. Among all spin-orbit coupling terms, we show that only Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction can induce spin anisotropy in the ground state when perturbing from the isotropic Heisenberg limit. Our work paves the way for a systematic study of quantum spin liquids in various materials with a hyperkagome crystal structure.


Presently a days,transmission of information without utilizing any organization is a difficult undertaking to do. In this paper, sound and information is communicated and gotten past the obvious light. The gathered information is accumulated and prepared by microcontroller is communicated through LED, those information can be gotten by photograph finder and showed . It is a trend setting innovation and the precision is more. In this paper information correspondence, controlling the gadgets and just as transmission of sound with assistance of noticeable light is accomplished. In an ordinary life, WiFi is utilized as reasonable innovation yet the radiations produced from these are perilous for strength of human in this way Lifi is liked to the remote advancements like Wifi.Lifi sends the information by utilizing light. The security for transmission of the information is more when contrasted with different advances. In mechanical spots, for transmission of document and information this innovation is exceptionally helpful on the grounds that with no organizations information can be communicated through existing obvious light. It is practical and easy to use. The information rate is quicker than 10Mbps in Lifi innovation .


The book offers the description, characteristics, utility in risk management and pricing ofall the basic important derivative products such as forwards, futures, swaps, options and credit derivatives with elementary mathematical treatment. The book is organized in seven chapters with each chapter dealing on one product and their pricing. The genesis of derivative products, their nature, (Exchange traded / Over the counter product) and their relative merits/demerits vis avis other derivative products are explained with very simple examples inthe first chapter. Concept such as cost ofcarry, arbitrage has been very lucidly explained in the second chapter (forwards and futures) in order to make readers understand the pricing of the products easily. Achapter follows this on forward rate agreements to build the foundation for achapter on swaps.


【Objective】The impacts of salt stress on the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sorghum seedlings were studied for providing a foundation for sorghum cultivation,breeding and artificial regulation of salt stress.【Method】Salt tolerant cultivar(Liaoza 15) and salt sensitive cultivar(Longza 11) were incubated in the nutrient solution at humidity of 60%,light/dark of 12 h/12 h,illumination of 134 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 28℃/25℃ of day/night.NaCl was added into the solution at 3-leaf stage and NaCl concentration levels at 0,50,100,150 and 200 mmol·L-1,respectively.The response of sorghum seedlings to NaCl stress was assessed by measuring the photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of seedlings.【Result】Low NaCl concentration(50 mmol·L-1) increased the chlorophyll content,and high NaCl concentration(100-200 mmol·L-1) reduced the content substantially.Salt stress reduced Pn,Gs,Tr,Fm,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm,Fv′/Fm′ and qP,and increased Fo and NPQ.Low NaCl concentration(50 mmol·L-1) reduced Ci,and high NaCl concentration(100-200 mmol·L-1) increased it.The adverse impact of salt stress on Liaoza 15 was less than on Longza 11.【Conclusion】The small reduction in net photosynthesis rate caused by 50 mmol·L-1 NaCl stress was considered to be a result of non-stomatal restriction;but increased stomatal restriction with increased NaCl concentration resulted in more severe reductions in photosynthesis.Under salt stress,salt tolerant cultivar could protect the photosynthetic organs more effectively than salt sentitive cultivar and thus improve the production of sorghum in salt affected areas.


In their demonstrations that technologies and organizations are sociomaterial, or how they become sociomaterial, scholars have not reflected in any measurable depth on the concept of materiality by itself. This chapter explores how materiality emerges from an organization's interaction with its environment. The verb "emerge" is used purposefully. To say that materiality is entirely strategically crafted would be to place an undue onus on the agency of technology's designer or developer, an onus which the author suggests may be misplaced. Thus to say that materiality emerges is to recognize that the physical and or/digital materials that are arranged into particular forms are arranged by someone. But the selection of those materials or the ways in which that person decides to arrange them may not be entirely under their control because they do so within the constraints of an organization's formal structure. By considering the insights of organizational theories that depict organizations as actively responding to environmental stimuli and other theories which propose that organizations are largely ineffective at responding to environmental pressures and are directly acted upon by their environments, the chapter demonstrates how the micro-level interpretative flexibility of artifacts, the evolution and composition of the set of relevant social groups that contribute to the artifact's construction, the processes by which an artifact reaches a point of stabilization and closure, and the structure of the technological frames shared by designers are influenced by macro-level organizational responses to and pressures from their environments. OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRST PROOF, 14/11/2012, SPi


It is necessary for electronic transformer to make calibration before putting it into practice. To solve the problems in actual calibration process, a novel electronic transformer calibrator is designed. In principle, this system adopts both the direct method and the difference method, which are two popular methods for electronic transformer calibration, by this way the application of the system is extended with its reliability improved. In the system design, based on virtual instrument technology, LabVIEW and WinPCap toolkit are used to develop the application software, and it is able to calibrate those electronic transformers following the standard of IEC 61850. In the calculation of ratio and phase error based on fast Fourier transform, a new window function is introduced, and thus the accuracy of calibration, influenced by the frequency vibration, is improved. This research provides theoretic support and practical reference to the development of intelligent calibrator for electronic transformers. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i3.2322 Full Text: PDF


The cutting insert of the parallelogram forms the first and second main radial clearance face, wherein the first and second main first connecting the radial clearance face intersects with the image-side surface, respectively, which, intersecting the upper surface and each side upper and the comprises a variable radial rake possible along the length of the main cutting edge and the main cutting edge located at the intersection of a two-part axial clearance face, the first main radial clearance surface and the upper surface. In one non-limiting in accordance with the embodiment, the main cutting edge comprises a portion with a radial rake with a negative portion and a positive radial rake of.


This paper presented a way supported by programmable graphics hardware to render water in real-time.The rende-ring process included two stages: water surface modeling and illumination simulation.It took advantage of the vertex texture to model the water surface and simulated the reflection,refraction with environment texture mapping and texture mapping.The experiment proves that it can improve the efficiency of rendering.


Objective To analysis the changes of blood uric acid level,blood lipid level and blood glucose level in elderly diabetic patients with hypertension.Methods 66 diabetic patients with hypertension(group A),45 patients with type 2 DM(group B) and 42 healthy aging people(group C) were enrolled in our study.Blood lipid (including TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C) level,blood uric acid level,HbA_(1c),high sensitive CRP(hsCRP) and fasting blood glucose(FBG) level were measured in all people.Results SBP,DBP and BMI of group A and B were higher than group G(P0.05,P0.01 ),meanwhile the results of group A was higher than group B(P0.05).There existed statistical different of HbA_(1c),FBG,TG,HDL-C,hsGRP and UA between group A,group B and group C (P0.01 or P0.05),there were significant differences between group A and group B in levels of HDL-C,UA and hs CRP(P0.05).Conclusion Diabetic patients with hypertension have abnormal findings of blood uric acid and blood lipid level.Monitoring of blood uric acid and lipid level would be benefit the outcome of treatment and prognosis.


Traditional fluid handling data presented to clinicians attempts to demonstrate the ability of dressings to absorb and manage wound fluid in a clinical environment. However, little of the research available takes into account the variation in wound exudate presentation that a dressing would be expected to handle. The industry standard makes use of Solution A (142mmol sodium ions, 2.5mmol calcium ions), which has a viscosity equivalent to water, however wound exudate is often more viscous than this. It is therefore essential to understand how dressings perform with a range of exudate characteristics.


The ecology of fear demonstrates how prey responses to avoid predation cause non-lethal effects at all ecological scales. Parasites also elicit defensive responses in hosts with associated non-lethal effects, which raises the longstanding, yet unresolved question of how non-lethal effects of parasites compare with those of predators. We developed a framework for systematically answering this question for all types of predator and parasite systems. Our framework predicts that trait responses and their non-lethal effects should be strongest from predators and parasites that do not kill individuals to feed on them, but which nevertheless damage fitness. Analysing trait response data on amphibians, which have been well-studied for this area of research, showed that individuals generally responded more directly to short-term predation risks than to parasitism. Apart from studies using amphibians, there have been few direct comparisons of responses to predation and parasitism, and none have incorporated responses to micropredators, parasitoids, or parasitic castrators, or examined their long-term consequences. Addressing these and other data gaps highlighted by our general framework can advance the field toward understanding how non-lethal effects shape real food webs, which contain multiple predator and parasite species.


The talk is based on a manuscript of the author, which has the identical title and is currently under review. Within this presentation, we transfer the basic idea of bonds, introduced by Hegedus, Schicho and Schrocker for overconstrained closed chains with rotational joints, to the theory of self-motions of parallel manipulators of Stewart-Gough (SG) type. We give some basic facts and results on bonds and demonstrate the potential of this theory on the basis of several examples, which also show that the bond theory can be used for different tasks, e.g.: 1. Classification of SG platforms with non-translational self-motions.


© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved. Web mapping provides a powerful way to engage with local communities and Mapping for Change (MfC) has set up a series of local Community Maps around the UK, with each map highlighting local issues, planning concerns, development sites and environmental issues. The precise content of each of the maps differs from site to site and has been determined in full consultation with each Community. Communities add information to the map themselves and act as sensors in their local environment, highlighting both issues and positive factors. This paper describes the evaluation of fifteen Community Maps with regard to the number of active users, people viewing the data, the types of data being added and the relationship between activity on the map and activity within the groups. The results obtained are of interest to local government community engagement processes-MfC represents one of the longest lasting Community Mapping activities to date.


In this paper, fitness-associated differential evolution (FITDE) algorithm is proposed and applied to the synthesis of sparse concentric ring arrays under constraint conditions, whose goal is to reduce peak sidelobe level. In unmodified differential evolution (DE) algorithm, crossover probability is constant and remains unchanged during the whole optimization process, resulting in the negative effect on the population diversity and convergence speed. Therefore, FITDE is proposed where crossover probability can change according to certain information. Firstly, the population fitness variance is introduced to the traditional differential evolution algorithm to adjust the constant crossover probability dynamically. The fitness variance in the earlier iterations is relatively large. Under this circumstance, the corresponding crossover probability shall be small to speed up the exploration process. As the iteration progresses, the fitness variance becomes small on the whole and the crossover probability should be set large to enrich population diversity. Thereby, we construct three variation strategies of crossover probability according to the above changing trend. Secondly, FITDE is tested on benchmark functions, and the best one of the three strategies is determined according to the test results. Finally, sparse concentric ring arrays are optimized using FITDE, of which the results are compared with reference algorithms. The optimization results manifest the advantageous effectiveness of FITDE.


Civil justice reform addresses the fundamentals of both the substantive law and procedural rules of the law of civil wrongs. Law students and lawyers call the law of civil wrongs "tort law;" others may know it as "liability law." For the first 200 years of our nation's history, tort law was generally created by state judges with occasional intervention by state legislatures.(1) Most tort law today continues to be developed by state courts. From time to time over the past century, Congress also has entered the field.(2) For example, as far back as 1909, Congress enacted the Federal Employers' Liability Act ("FELA"),(3) a statute which defines rights and duties in personal injury cases brought by railroad workers against their employer railroads -- FELA is a "tort substitute" for workers' compensation in the railroad field. In 1927, Congress enacted the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act,(4) a FELA-like statute that provides fixed awards to employees or their dependents in cases of employment-related injuries or deaths occurring upon the navigable waters of the United States. Modern federal liability reform efforts have their roots in a project that took place from 1976 to 1980 under Presidents Ford and Carter. A Federal Interagency Task Force on Product Liability conducted an in-depth research and analysis of state product liability law. The Task Force found that the patchwork of ever-changing product liability laws in fifty-one jurisdictions (fifty states and the District of Columbia) created problems for interstate commerce.(5) Rather than propose preemption by federal law, however, the Task Force drafted a model law for use by the states.(6) The Task Force intimated that federal legislation might be needed if the states did not enact the model law in a uniform manner.(7) The Task Force's "Model Uniform Product Liability Act" served as the basis for legislation in several states, but it was not adopted nationwide.(8) Furthermore, those states that did enact the "Uniform Act" did so "in a piecemeal fashion," rather than "uniformly."(9) The inability of states to create clear and uniform product liability law led to a significant attempt by Congress to do the job by enacting a comprehensive federal product liability law.(10) The general, broad-sweeping legislation failed, but when products liability problems became particularly severe for a particular segment of the economy, Congress passed and President Clinton signed, industry-specific laws into effect. One such law is the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994, which helped prevent the demise of the entire civil aviation industry.(11) Another example is the Biomaterials Access Assurance Act of 1998, which helped assure that manufacturers of medical devices could obtain the raw materials necessary to make their life saving equipment.(12) Regardless of one's "feelings" about the wisdom of accomplishing civil justice reform at the federal level, this past experience strongly suggests that most action has and will continue to occur at the state level. But there will, and should be, a federal role based on strong needs and sound policy. Although arty issue involving civil justice reform will tend to evoke partisan bickering, if the substance of a proposal is sound, it will appeal to those in either party, or at least to those persons whose minds are not totally closed by political action committee (PAC) dollars and influence peddling.(13) Political reality dictates that what occurs will depend, in part, on who is President. Based on his prior record, President Bush is likely to embrace reasonable civil justice reform.(14) In contrast, Vice President Gore opposed civil justice reform while in the Senate and continued to receive substantial support from wealthy personal injury lawyers while Vice President and during his Presidential campaign.(15) President Clinton took a more middle-of-the-road position on civil justice reform issues. …


The rotation of the plane of polarisation of light in a magnetic field is due to the velocity of propagation of light circularly polarised in one direction being different from th at of light circularly polarised in the opposite direction. The Zeeman effect is due to a difference in the frequency of vibration of these circularly polarised waves. W hat is required is to connect the frequency of vibration w ith the velocity of propagation.


Different from the conventional calculative methods, a learning-based initial quantization parameter (LIQP) method is proposed in this paper to improve rate control of high efficiency video coding (H.265). First, the framework for initial quantization parameter (QP) learning is proposed, where a novel equivalent approach to build the benchmark labels is proposed using the single rate-distortion (R-D) pair in each initial QP testing. With the criterion of maximizing the prediction accuracy of initial QPs, features and parameters of the learning model are refined. Instead of the traditionally used target bits per pixel (bpp) for intraframe, the target bpp for all remaining frames is proposed to avoid the empirical setting on intracoding bits, and thus the related inaccuracy can be prevented. We clearly present the motivations of the proposed LIQP method, as well as the reasons for the extracted features and model parameters. The proposed LIQP method outperforms the latest HM-16.14 by achieving significant gains on R-D performance (−15.48% BD-BR and 0.782 dB BD-PSNR gains), quality smoothness (1.581 dB versus 2.598 dB), and more stable buffer occupancy control, with similar high bit rate accuracy (99.84% versus 99.87%), and can also work well for scene change cases.


We study the properties of electronic equalizers for optical communications systems and derive expressions that explain their behavior. We use simulations to show the agreement with the theory developed.


Abstract - The masters graduate degree program in engineering must change to respond to the needs of the modern practicing engineer. What is needed is a balance between theory and practice, between academic rigor and the best practices of industry, presented in an integrated way that feeds the needs of modern practicing engineers and the companies they work for. The new Master of Engineering in Mechatronics program attempts to remedy these deficiencies. The key element is the one-credit module which: balances theory and practice where concepts are application-driven, not theory-driven; identifies and understands industrial best practices by dissecting them into engineering and mathematical fundamental models; achieves innovation by assembling these fundamental models into new products and processes; analyzes both existing and new products and processes using computer simulations within a topic area; demonstrates hardware to show system realization and validity of modeling and analysis results; shows videos of industry systems and interviews with industry experts; discusses best practices to achieve sustainability of products; and maintains flexibility through 15 one-hour blocks of instruction - a 5-week mini-course or longer if preferred.


Globally, tuberculosis prevalence has declined, but its risk factors have varied across place and time – low body mass index (BMI) has persisted while diabetes has increased. Using India's National Family Health Survey (NFHS), wave 3 and World Health Survey (WHS) data, we examined their relationships to support projection of future trends and targeted control efforts.


This paper discusses the characters of urban structure,urban economy,urban space and urban culture in informational cities. And then gives further recommendations on urban planning in informational society of China.


This paper takes a different approach to examining the sharp turnaround in EU relative to U. S. labor productivity growth since 1995. The vast majority of the literature focuses on the American growth revival. But close to half of the turnaround was caused by a European retardation. What caused that retardation? Our paper shows that none of the consensus explanations of the American revival provide any help at all in explaining the European retardation. It is sui generis and therein lies a tale that has not previously been told. ; Europe has faltered across the board. The deceleration of its productivity growth is not explained at all by ICT production and only to a small degree by retailing/wholesaling. Rather, the big European countries have failed in nearly every dimension. The retardation of Europe is illuminated by dividing up the EU-15 countries into Tigers, a Middle group, and Tortoises. ; Our first surprise in examining the data is to find that the EU-US turnaround in labor productivity growth was not just a reflection of an equivalent turnaround in total factor productivity growth. Capital deepening also faltered in Europe, indicting all the macroeconomic determinants of economy-wide investment as part of Europe's problem. ; The most striking aspect of our results is that the failing of the Tortoise countries is widespread, spanning industries as diverse as agriculture, wholesale trade, mining, chemicals, construction, fabricated metals, and clothing. Our explanation is that Europe's previous catch-up to the U. S. productivity level before 1995 was artificial – by making labor expensive, Europe raised its average product. But after 1995 as labor market reforms have helped to make labor cheaper, so the average product of labor has been pushed down and its growth rate has faltered. The falling behind of Europe is quite simple to explain; European regulations defied the laws of labor market equilibrium for decades, and a slight leak in the dam holding back market forces has already led to faster growth in European employment and slower growth in productivity.


We give a refined Young inequality which generalizes the inequality by Zou--Jiang. We also show the upper bound for the logarithmic mean by the use of the weighted geometric mean and the weighted arithmetic mean. Furthermore, we show some inequalities among the weighted means. Based on the obtained essential scalar inequalities, we give some operator inequalities. In particular, we give a generalization of the result by Zou--Jiang, that is, we show the operator inequalities with the operator relative entropy with the weighted parameter. Finally, we give the further generalized inequalities by the Tsallis operator relative entropy.


When doing computations on the negatively (positively) charged NV-center indiamond, the common procedure is to add (subtract) an electron from the system.However, when using periodic boundary condi ...


Objective To investigate the effects of E1A gene on radiosensitivity of human hepatic carcinoma cell in vitro and its mechanism.Methods Human hepatic carcinoma cell(7721 cell line) was transfected with E1A gene by PEI vector.The untransfected cells(7721 group),the cells transfected with blank-vector(7721-vect or group) and transfected with E1A gene(7721-E1A group) were treated with 6 MV X-ray irradiation at the doses of 0,2,4,6,8 Gy,respectively.Radiosensitivity was determined by MTT assay and quantified by calculating the cell survival rate.Cell-cycle distribution and apotosis rate were monitored by flow cytometry.The expressions of Her-2 and neuclear factor(NF)-κB were detected by immunohistochemistry stainning.Results The survival rate of 7721-E1A was significantly lower than that of 7721 cell [(7.91±4.44)% vs.(32.50±9.41)%) at 8 Gy](P0.01).Apoptosis rate of 7721-E1A group was significantly higher than that of 7721 group [(88.38±15.06)% vs.(42.67±9.49)% at 8 Gy](P0.01).The ratio of S stage in cell cycle of 7721-E1A was significantly lower than that in 7721 cell [(25.16±7.45)% vs.(40.88±11.44)%](P0.05).The ratio of G2 stage in cell cycle of 7721-E1A was significantly higher than that in 7721 cell [(40.69±6.74)% vs.(15.63±5.02)%](P0.01).E1A gene obviously down-regulated the expressions of Her-2 and NF-κB.Conclusion E1A gene can effectively enhance radiosensitivity of human hepatic carcinoma cells,which may be related to suppressing the expressions of Her-2 and NF-κB,promoting the apoptosis and suppressing S stage and G2 stage.


The utility model relates to an automobile generator with double air passages and double fans, which comprises a stator, a rotor, a casing and an external fan, wherein the stator is installed in the casing formed by the butt joint of a front end cover and a back end cover, rotor shafts at both ends of the rotor are supported in the center holes of the front end cover and the back end cover in a rotation way, and the front end covering the rotor shafts penetrates out of the front cover and is provided with the external fan. The automobile generator with double air passages and double fans is characterized in that an external cooling air passage is arranged among the front end cover, the back end cover and the peripheral face of an iron core of the stator. The back end of the rotor is provided with an axial flow type internal fan. By the technical measure, the generator reaches 55% of a rated value at the revolution of 1500 per minute; the generator reaches 80% of the rated value at the revolution of 1800 per minute; the generator reaches the rated value at the revolution of 2200 per minute; and the generator can work under an environment with the temperature of 95 DEG C for a long time, and the use requirement is completely met.


The electric utility industry is changing. But unlike the evolution of species, conscious collective choice can influence the evolutionary drift of the industry. The direction that many propose is one of placing greater reliance on market forces for directing the deployment and utilization of electric power resources. The purpose of this article is to consider the market-oriented paths that may be pursued. We address the problems of the market-oriented proposals given the social concerns and technological realities associated with the electric power industry. We consider institutionalist concerns with regard to transition options and the process of transition.


We consider the control problem of the stochastic Navier-Stokes equations in multidimensional domains introduced in [2] restricted to noise terms defined by Q-Wiener processes. Using a stochastic maximum principle, we derive a necessary optimality condition to design the optimal control based on an adjoint equation, which is given by a backward SPDE. Moreover, we show that the optimal control satisfies a sufficient optimality condition. As a consequence, we can solve uniquely control problems constrained by the stochastic Navier-Stokes equations especially for two-dimensional as well as for three-dimensional domains.


In 2020, conducting education at a distance was obligatory while the world fought the coronavirus disruption. Technology utilization in distance education has demonstrated its significance in teaching English to instructors and learners. This quantitative study examines university EFL learners' perceptions regarding using second-generation Web 2.0 tools (Quizizz, Socrative, Edmodo, and Quizlet) to develop their English skills. This study was conducted with 150 students of the general English language requirement course at the University College of Applied Sciences in Gaza. The results of this study indicate that the participants appeared to have positive attitudes towards using Web 2.0 tools in general. The study results further indicate that both intermediate and low-level students reported more positive opinions about implementing the digital tools individually or all together when compared to other advanced-level students. The participants differed significantly in their perceptions of the awareness and actual usage of the Web 2.0 tools. The implications of this study indicate that these repeatedly used Web 2.0 tools as curricular tasks could be substituted or replaced with other digital tools to alleviate the oversaturation and reluctance to use digital tools by EFL learners.


Background: Agenesis of the inferior vena cava (IVC) as a cause of recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is uncommon. Case: A 33-year-old male with no family history of thrombophilia, who had experienced multiple recurrent episodes of DVT over a 15-year period of unknown cause, was admitted into our hospital because of cellulitis in the right leg. Computer tomography with contrast of the abdomen showed an absence of IVC. Conclusion: Congenital absence of the IVC could be a rare risk factor for idiopathic DVT, especially in young individuals.


Content-based language learning in its various forms continues to evolve as a highly effective way of acquiring a second language. This paper adopts a sociocognitive perspective, anchored in the Vygostkyan school of thought and drawing also on the field of cognitive sciences, to explore how second language skills are developed in this learning context through theinterplay and the reciprocal structuring of language use and the processing of content knowledge. The study is based on a video corpus of a class of 9 year-old students carrying out a science project in a French Immersion School in Minnesota. In order to trace this process of proceduralisation, we combine quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis. The study focuses on short pre-classified sequences of transcribed video recordings in which prototypical constructions are recycled in different multimodal discourse contexts. Then, drawing on techniques of discourse and conversational analysis, the study explores more deeply how the interplay between the multimodal components of the different discourse settings contributes to the development of language skills.


The invention discloses a processing method of woven fabric with different functions on two surfaces. The processing method is as follows: elastic yarns are added in warp and weft yarns to be combined and the proper degree of twist is applied on the wrap and weft yarns, and blank cloth contracts properly so as to have smoothness and high elasticity by warping, weaving and dyeing and finishing engineering, and then the blank cloth is subjected to the lyophobic resin coating and the hydrophilic resin coating by the coating engineering to form the cloth with two functions. The cloth has the effects of moisture absorption, water repellency, high density and elasticity.


Background Toxoplasmosis gondii is ubiquitously present on earth and infection, including congenital infection, is common. Neurological, developmental, and ocular effects can be devastating in the congenital toxoplasmosis population. At present, there is no standard, nation-wide neonatal screening for this disease in the United States. Case Presentation A 17-month-old Caucasian female presented to our institution by way of referral for macular scarring. She was diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation and born with low birth weight and microcephaly at an outside institution, but no systemic workup was conducted at that time. On ocular examination, she was found to have nystagmus and extensive multifocal chorioretinal pigmented scars involving the macula and peripheral retina in both eyes with fibrous vitreous strands extending between scars in the right eye. Toxoplasmosis immunoglobulin G was found to be highly positive. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed supratentorial intracranial calcifications. Conclusions Our patient presented with severe chorioretinal lesions, microcephaly, and nystagmus with a positive immunoglobulin G toxoplasmosis titer. She did not receive any evaluation, including TORCH infectious panel workup, on being born with low birth weight and microcephaly. There are currently no national programs in place for toxoplasmosis to be included in routine neonatal screening, despite the grave sequelae of congenital infection or that studies in other countries have shown cost-effectiveness in early screening and treatment.


International standard specification, H.264/SVC improved from H.264/AVC, is set up so as to promote free use of huge multimedia data in various channel environments.; SVC standard uses 'intra/inter prediction' in AVC as well as 'inter-layer intra prediction', 'inter-layer motion prediction' and 'inter-layer residual prediction' to improve efficiency of encoding. In this paper, we propose an efficient method to decide intra prediction mode in spatial enhancement layer. The Proposed method reduces 46% of the computation complexity.


The Korea--US Free Trade Agreement (FTA) is a result of a paradigm shift from traditional regionalism, which deals mostly with customs--border issues, to 'aggressive regionalism' that codifies a whole-scale problem-solving process. A series of age-old bilateral trade disputes, such as the automobile trade imbalance, unethical business practices in pharmaceuticals and medical devices and effective protection of copyrights, were actively addressed between Korea and the United States, and permanent solutions to the problems were sought in the form of stable and binding FTA rules. New global or regional issues, such as the non-implementation of WTO panel decisions and South and North Korea's economic cooperation, were also dealt with. When negotiating future FTAs, Korea will continue to take the problem-solving approach based on this aggressive regionalism. Particular focus will be given to such sensitive issues regarding the trade remedy system, unfair business practices, sanitary and food safety and economic engagement policies towards North Korea. As Korea becomes part of more FTAs, transaction costs caused by fragmented FTAs will become an economic issue. In order to reduce the costs of the aggressive regionalism policy, Korea must adopt the advanced level of accumulation system for the rules of origin and it should endeavour to ultimately harmonize varying rules among FTAs. This strategy may start by linking to other FTAs. It is suggested that achieving such 'multilateral regionalism' should be a long-term task for Korea. Oxford University Press 2009, all rights reserved, Oxford University Press.


A study was carried out in an office building to investigate daylight impact comparing SUPERLITE 1.01 and LUMENMICRO 5 simulation results with measured data.Referring to the CIE standard Clear (with direct sun) and Overcast sky luminance distributions, calculated illuminance and daylight factor data for the work plane are compared with on-site data collected under real sky conditions. The main aim of the paper is not a comparative evaluation of simulation programs, but to define the meaning and/or uncertainty attached to the quoted results from the programs.


In this paper, a new Adaptive Grey Sliding Mode Control(AGSMC) algorithm for Anti-lock Braking System(ABS) is presented. The algorithm has the advantages of grey prediction and robustness. Compared with the traditional algorithm, prediction step-size as well as sliding mode surface can be regulated adaptively according to the predictive precision. Moreover, dynamic adaptive sliding mode control can be achieved. The algorithm is verified on a quarter vehicle model, and the simulation results indicate that the ABS system has good performance in speed, stability, and robustness.


Cost-effective and programmable photonic-driven solutions like electronic counterparts (FPGAs) can be implemented using waveguide mesh architectures along with tunable couplers for routing to implement general-purpose photonic processors. These processors/ networks are represented using undirected weighted graphs, where weights are included to implement constraints in the routing


1Department of Physics,St.Joseph's Institute of Technology,Chennai-119,Tamilnadu,India 2Principal & head ,Department of Physics, Aruna Vidya Arts & Science College,Thiruvannamalai,Tamilnadu,India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is a material rich in NLO property with wide range of industrial applications. Certain Amino acids are also rich in NLO properties so they are used as dopants. In the present work Oxalic acid is added in the ratio 1:1 molar percentage to KDP. Single crystals were grown by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Single crystal XRay diffraction, UV–vis. -spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).SHG efficiency, Dielectric studies and micro hardness studies. The single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the structure and space group of the crystal. The powder X-ray diffraction study shows that the crystalline perfection of grown crystal is good. Fourier transform infrared studies confirm the functional groups of the crystals. It is seen from UV–vis studies that the optical transparency is found to increase much by adding chlorides. SHG efficiency of KDP is found to be slightly increasing with doping of Oxalic acid.Dielectric studies shows the conductivity and electrical behavior of the crystal. Microhardness studies shows the mechanical stability of the crystal.


In this paper,experimental studies on effects of MgO content on high temperature properties of high alumina blast furnace slag were carried out in the laboratory.The viscosity of slag was measured by the method of rotation and the melting point of slag was measured by the method of deformation.The results showed that when w(Al2O3)17% in slag,MgO content should be 12% and w(CaO)/w(SiO2) should be 1.05 so as to maintain lower melting point,better fluidity and good desulfurization capacity.In addition,MgO content has little effect on the melting point of high alumina blast furnace slag but has obvious effect on its viscosity.


The necessity of competitiveness has been hammered home by governments, corporations, and the media to the point that it is taken for granted, a fact of life that is so obvious that we unthinkingly acquiesce to its dictates. Competitiveness has been elevated to the status of a natural law, like the law of gravity, a force that is useless to question or resist. In part, the seductiveness of the term arises from its roots in the material process of economic competition. Monopolies and oligopolies notwithstanding, some degree of competition between business firms for markets and profits is an inherent element of capitalism that can be observed and measured. In contrast, competitiveness, or the ideology of competition, is used to justify the decisions and actions of firms, especially when the outcomes adversely affect some people, groups, and classes. Historically, the concept of competitiveness has been used to justify business opposition to unions, reduced hours of work, wage increases, paid vacations, health and safety regulations, antipollution laws, and so on.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Background: SARS-COV-2 is thought to be transmitted from person to person mainly through respiratory droplets or close contact. The most common symptoms of COVID -19 are fever, cough, slight dyspnoea, sore throat, headache and fatigue. Complications in severe cases include pneumonia, renal failure, etc.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Ophthalmology GMC Jammu in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology, GMC Jammu, upon 139 mild Covid-19 positive patients, kept under isolation during the period: March 2020 to August 2020. Patients with fever, upper respiratory symptoms, or asymptomatic individuals who were confirmed positive for COVID -19 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from nasophayngeal swabs were included in the study.
Results: The mean age of patients was: 37-years. 37 patients diagnosed as Covid-19 positive showed no symptom of Covid-19.  72 (51.8%) patients were surely healthy individuals without any kind of illness or co-morbidities. While only 16 patients (11.5%) reported with conjunctivitis (congestion) or a recent history thereof. Three patients had developed conjunctival congestion without Covid-19 symptoms. 8 patients had recent history before the onset of Covid-19 symptoms. Most of the patients had manifestation within the first week of admission.
Conclusions: Conjunctival congestion is significant ocular manifestation among Covid-19 patients. Covid-19 related history and symptoms should therefore include such ocular examinations as well and sufficient precaution is implemented while dealing with conjunctivitis patients showing mild symptoms of Covid-19.
Key words: SARS-COV-2, COVID-19, Conjunctival Congestion, Nasophayngeal Swabs


multimedia databases an object relational approach is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the multimedia databases an object relational approach is universally compatible with any devices to read.


BACKGROUND
The presence of comorbidities is quite common in older adults. However, the effects of comorbidities on the course of acute low back pain (LBP) are not fully understood.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of the number and severity of comorbidities on the severity of pain and disability 3 months from baseline in people with an acute episode of non-specific LBP.

METHODS
Data from the Back Complaints in the Elders study, a cohort that enrolled 602 community-dwelling older adults with acute LBP at baseline, were used in these analyses. Comorbidities, pain intensity and disability were assessed using the Self-Administered Comorbidities Questionnaire (SCQ), the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), respectively. Age, sex, marital status, education, income and body mass index were covariates.

RESULTS
The mean age of participants was 67.6 ± 7.0 years. Both pain and disability scores decreased from 7.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 7.0-7.4) to 5.8 (95% CI 5.5-6.1) in NRS and from 13.5 (95% CI 13.0-14.1) to 12.0 (95% CI 11.4-12.7) in RMDQ 3 months from baseline. The linear regression analysis showed a significant association between SCQ scores at baseline and pain (coefficient = 0.16, 95% CI 0.08-0.24; P < 0.001) or disability (coefficient = 0.29, 95% CI 0.16-0.41; P < 0.001) scores at the 3-month follow-up, after adjusting for confounders. Participants with highest SCQ scores were less likely to report improvement of at least 30% in pain (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.79; P = 0.008) and disability (OR: 0.42, 95% CI 0.28-0.85; P = 0.015).

CONCLUSION
The presence and severity of comorbidities were independently associated with the prognosis of acute non-specific LBP in older adults.


Properties of the integral of powers of from 0 to are considered. Analytic evaluations for the first two powers are presented. Empirical evidence for the cubic case is discussed


Mycological studies on Fungi in apparently diseased Sweet Orange (
 Citrus sinensis) and Banana (
 Musa sapientum) sampled from various points in Kara market in Sokoto Metropolis was carried out between August and September. The samples were surfaced sterilised with ethanol and the homogenates were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated aerobically at room temperature for 7 days at 30C. The pure cultures obtained were identified morphologically and microscopically. The investigation revealed that the samples were infected with several fungi species. The most predominant Fungi isolated from Sweet Orange were
 Cladosporium spp (40%), Fusarium spp (30%), Alternaria spp ( 20%), and
 Chrysonilia spp (10%) while the most predominant Fungi isolated from Banana were Fusarium spp (50%), Mucor spp ( 30%) and
 Rhizopus spp (20%). The pathogenecity test results show that
 Cladosporium spp and
 Fusarium spp were the most active in sweet orange with rot length of 74 mm and 70 mm respectively and the least active fungi were
 Alternaria spp and
 Chrysonilia spp with rot lengths of 52 mm and 48 mm respectively. Furthermore,
 Fusarium spp and
 Mucor spp were the most active in banana with rot lengths of 84 mm and 75 mm respectively and the least active fungus was
 Rhizopus spp with rot lengths of 54 mm.


In order to solve the problem that a traditional articulated arm coordinate measuring machine (AACMM) cannot measure automatically, a self-driven AACMM is proposed. Based on the self-driven AACMM design indicators, the length of the connecting rods of the self-driven AACMM was allocated. The self-driven AACMM virtual prototype was designed and assembled based on joint module selection and joint component design, and its measurement space range was also verified. The key components of the structural optimized design and dynamic performance analysis of motion parameters are adopted, respectively, to correct the positioning error of the self-driven AACMM's probe caused by static and dynamic deformations. The static deformation of the structure caused by the self-driven AACMM's weight was analyzed. The influence of the dynamic flexible deformation on the positioning error of the probe of the self-driven AACMM during the variable-speed approach and the constant-speed touch measurement stage was studied. The results show that the measurement space range of the self-driven AACMM designed in this paper can meet the design index of the measuring radius. The probe position error caused by static deformation of the measuring machine after structural optimization is reduced by an order of magnitude, and the equivalent stress of the mechanical structure of the self-driven AACMM is within the allowable stress of the material. The positioning error of the probe caused by the dynamic deformation of the self-driven AACMM structure meets the positioning accuracy index. During the stage of self-driven AACMM constant-speed touch measurement, the instantaneous position error of the probe changes linearly with the touch time and the optimal touch speed (6.6 mm s−1, 6.4 mm s−1) exists to minimize the probe positioning error. During the variable-speed approach stage, the influence of the angular acceleration and the angular velocity of each joint on the positioning error of the probe is negligible when the self-driven AACMM is in the typical posture. In the extreme posture, with the optimal joint angular acceleration ( 0.00055∘s−2 ) and angular velocity ( 0.0185∘s−1 ), the inertial force of the measuring machine structure and the instantaneous position error of the probe are the smallest, and the movement stability is the best. The structural optimization design and motion parameter performance analyses of the self-driven AACMM can provide a theoretical research foundation for subsequent motion parameter optimization and dynamic error compensation modeling.


This paper describes the experimental study on the behavior of SC(Steel plate Concrete) wall module under pure bending at constant temperature condition. 3 tests were conducted to verify moment-curvature relationship according to steel plate ratio. On the basis of test results, there is little difference with respect to temperature, and it is found that steel plate ratio is main factor of bending capacity of SC structures.


Reliability of IGBT power modules is crucial to their use in failure critical systems and with the advent of all electric and hybrid vehicles the need for good reliability data for IGBT modules is essential. IGBT power modules are constructed of layers and power dies, all of which are interconnected with solder or bond wires. These materials have dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion and during its life, the IGBT module experiences temperature changes which cause stresses to build up in the various materials eventually resulting in the failure of the module. Because of the high robustness of these modules, testing in service for time to failure can be a very lengthy process. This paper describes a procedure and test rig which can automatically temperature cycle IGBT power modules in a very short time and determine their life expectancy. The paper also shows test results from a number of modules and correlates this data to provide a time to failure for the modules.


This paperpresents a scalable andsystolic Montgomery's algorithm inGF(2m)usingtheHankelmatrix- vector representation. Thehardware architectures derived from thisalgorithm represents low-complexity bit-parallel systolic multipliers withtrinomials. Theresults reveal thatourproposed multiplier savesapproximately 36% spacecomplexity as comparedtoan existing systolic Montgomery multiplier for trinomials. Moreover, theproposedarchitectures havethe features ofregularity, modularity, andlocal interconnect ability. Accordingly, theyarewellsuited forVLSIimplementation.


Objective:To study CT and MRI findings of primary orbital lymphoma, to improve the diagnostic ability of this disease. Methods:Plain CT, enhanced CT and delayed CT scans were performed in all 7 patients with primary orbital lymphoma proved histopathologically. In 3 of the 7 patients, the plain and enhanced MRI were performed. Both CT and MRI findings were analyzed retrospectively. Results:Bilateral lesions were found in 2 patients, located in bilateral conjunctivae and lacrimal gland respectively. Unilateral lesion was found in 5 patients. The lesion located in lacrimal duct in 1 patient, in the other 4 patients the lesion crossed orbital septum and molded around orbital structures with irregular shape, and the lacrimal gland and lacrimal duct were involved, in 3 of the 4 patients the diffuse lesion infiltrated extraconal and intraconal space. There were no displacement of extraocular muscle, thickening and deformity of ocular ring in all patients. Destruction of orbital bone was evident in 2 patients. All the lesions presented soft tissue density similar to extraocular muscle and with distinct margin on plain CT scan, the density of lesion which showed mild enhancement on enhanced CT in 4 patients was found to decrease on delayed phase, there was no obvious change of density in the other 3 patients on delayed CT scans, compared to enhanced CT. MRI findings in 3 patients demonstrated isointense signal compared to extraocular muscle on T1WI and T2WI. However, the lesion in 2 patients was hyperintense compared to extraocular muscle after enhancement. All the lesions showed homogeneous on CT and MRI. Conclusion:The CT and MRI findings of primary orbital lymphoma are characteristic, which can highly suggest the diagnosis of this disease.


This paper presents ongoing work in PrestoSpace on how broadcast archives can plan large-scale, long-term digitization and storage projects. In our approach, carrier decay, technical obsolescence, and rapidly falling costs of mass storage are represented as a series of statistical and predictive models. The models include ongoing migration within a digital archive. The objective is to allow archive managers to investigate the trade-offs between how many items to transfer, the cost of transfer and storage, how long it will take, what quality can be achieved, how much will be lost, and what digital storage solutions to adopt over time. The process and models are based on digitization projects conducted by large broadcast archives that are currently migrating their collections into digital form. Whilst our focus is on broadcast archives, our findings should be readily transferable to other scenarios where there is a need to store large volumes of digital data over long periods of time.


Slugs are one of the most important pests in German agriculture, horticulture and gardening. Especially in organic farming and gardening, producers hope to get offered new effective methods to control phytophagous slugs. Besides the well-known chemical and biotechnical treatments, there are two new methods available controlling pest slugs. Several trials with the nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Schneider 1859) (trade name: Bioslug®) and the new molluscicide Ferramol® (iron phosphate) were carried out at the office of plant protection in Berlin (Germany) over the last two years. The phytophagous species which were used in the trials belong to the families Arionidae, Agriolimacidae, Limacidae and Helicidae. One fundation in the trials was the general direction of proofing molluscicides against slugs in vegetables, strawberries and ornamentals. With regards to this trial method, modifications for integrating biological systems into trials could be considered. The nematodes which were used for the investigations I were first obtained from different companies in Germany. The trials yielded highly variable results: For the present the nematodes could attack and kill several slug species, but later on there was almost perceptible mortality. For the last laboratory experiment the nematodes were sent directly from the manufacturing firm. After terminating the trial there were 67 % dead Deroceras reticulatum (O.F. Muller 1774). The reason for the changing degrees of efficiency could be a lack of quality. In this case a professional quality management must be carried out to ensure the future of useful organisms. Some investigations were also made concerning the sensitivity of non-target organisms (Poecilus cupreus (L. 1758) and Eisenia fetida (Savigny)) against P. hermaphrodita. Although none of the tested organisms were affected by the nematodes, this experiment is not to be considered as completed because the nematodes which were used for this trial turned out to be ineffective. In another trial two snails were tested. Helix pomatia and Cepaea nemoralis both survived the nematode attack without any sign of an infection. Iron phosphate as the active ingredient of the new molluscicide Ferramol® demonstrated to good results in all laboratory and field trials controlling slugs of the families Arionidae and Agriolimacidae. Lehmannia valentiana [(Ferussac 1823), (Limacidae)] as one major pest inside greenhouses could not be controlled by either the nematodes or the iron phosphate. To control phytophagous slugs there is a need for precise knowledge about slug biology and their feeding behaviour. Obviously there are differences in the control measures effecting slugs. Therefore it is necessary to determine exactly the species in question, in some cases an additional section is required.


To introduce an evaluation method of bladder function of spinal cord injury.According to the different bladder function state and different bladder voiding form, the bladder function is divided into five grades.It is sensitive to document the small improvement of bladder function of spinal cord injury.The content of this scale is scientific,simple and practical,so it has clinical application value.


The most recent international and European laws against human trafficking require states to impose sanctions against legal entities involved in this crime. They aim to respond to the increasing risks of companies resorting to and benefiting from trafficked manpower. However, in spite of these legal improvements, prosecuting a legal person under trafficking laws still is very difficult. This paper will analyse the different ways in which companies can be, directly or indirectly, involved in human trafficking. Subsequently, it will address the international and European legal response to these patterns of involvement. Finally, the main obstacles that hinder the prosecution and punishment of legal persons liable for trafficking offences will be explained, and several avenues for improvement will be pointed out. Overall, this paper aims to highlight that these difficulties need to be overcome in order to truly guarantee adequate accountability of legal persons that commit human trafficking.


With the low redox potential of −3.04 V (vs SHE) and ultrahigh theoretical capacity of 3862 mAh g−1, lithium metal has been considered as promising anode material. However, lithium metal battery has ever suffered a trough in the past few decades due to its safety issues. Over the years, the limited energy density of the lithium‐ion battery cannot meet the growing demands of the advanced energy storage devices. Therefore, lithium metal anodes receive renewed attention, which have the potential to achieve high‐energy batteries. In this review, the history of the lithium anode is reviewed first. Then the failure mechanism of the lithium anode is analyzed, including dendrite, dead lithium, corrosion, and volume expansion of the lithium anode. Further, the strategies to alleviate the lithium anode issues in recent years are discussed emphatically. Eventually, remaining challenges of these strategies and possible research directions of lithium‐anode modification are presented to inspire innovation of lithium anode.


It's not necessary to develop your own website to have a presence on the Internet. A large number of health care organizations have banded together to form their own global village.


In this paper,the author states the characteristics as well as procedures and principles of the mode of "thinking exploration" in experimental class on biology.


From topological viewpoint we have analysed the role of Berry phase in spin pairing mechanism of high Tc superconducting ground state. Difficulty of achieving a high transition temperature for the high temperature superconductors which are doped Mott insulators via the conventional mechanism leads to a different approach towards pairing. Any theory of high temperature superconductivity should satisfy the phenomenological constraint the order parameter has charge 2e [1] i.e. there is some kind of pairing. It is difficult to overcome the poor screening of the Coulomb interaction of the doped Mott insulators because of less effectiveness of retardation with the increment of the pairing energy. In general the normal state has shown peculiar properties in both charge and spin channels. In transport aspect, the linear temperature dependence of resistivity in a long range of temperature 10K to 1000K, 1/T dependence and hole like charge carriers [2] of Hall coefficient, T temperature dependence of magneto-resistance, monotonic decrease and even sign changing of thermopower with increase of doping [3] are anomalous with regard to the canonical phenomena in conventional Fermi liquid (FL) system. Spin magnetic properties have also exhibited a number of anomalies. Two powerful probes of spin dynamics in the cuprates nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [4] and neutron scattering [5] are inconsistent in antiferromagnetic (AF) fluctuation case. More generally, the conventional view of superconductivity as e-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com 2 e-mail : email@example.com


This paper derives the optimal power allocation for a coordinated orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system in which <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> coordinated transmission points (CTPs) coherently transmit and allocate power across <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subchannels under both total and individual power constraints. In maximizing the system capacity, previous works showed that, under a total power constraint, the optimal transmission strategy is a maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) for CTPs with a waterfilling type of power allocation solution for the subchannels. For CTPs with both total and individual power constraints, we derive a new optimal co-phasing power allocation with the following property: For any given subchannel, if the optimal power allocation of one CTP is zero, then the power allocation of all the other <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> − 1 CTPs on that subchannel must also be zero; otherwise, the non-zero power allocation on all CTPs must follow a proportional principle which establishes the relationship between the optimal power allocation for all subchannels and all CTPs. This property highlights that the optimal power allocation for CTPs with individual power constraints is different from waterfilling and MRT, as more power is not necessarily allocated to the subchannels with better channel conditions. Numerical results are presented to verify our theoretical findings.


Summary Grains from ears of known anthesis time in seven spring barley cultivars were measured for dry weight and α-amylase activity at regular intervals during grain maturation. During the period 10–31 days after anthesis, dry weight increase of the grain was found to be substantially linear in all the cultivars. Comparisons between linear slopes fitted for this phase of growth were found to provide an objective means of comparing grain growth rates in different cultivars. α-Amylase activity per grain reached a peak in all except one cultivar at between 10 and 16 days after anthesis but declined rapidly during the linear phase of grain growth. α-Amylase activity per gram grain dry weight decreased exponentially during this period and transformation of the data to logarithms allowed a substantially linear fit to be made. Slopes for each of the cultivars were compared. Differences were found between cultivars in grain growth rates, total α-amylase activity and rates of fall of α-amylase activity per gram for the period 10–31 days after anthesis. No relationship could be found between grain growth rate and either the absolute level of α-amylase activity achieved in the grain or the rate of fall in activity during development.


The aim of this study is to estimate the solute transport parameters in saturated porous media using a hybrid algorithm. In this study, the physical non-equilibrium (PNE) model was used to describe the transport of solutes in porous media. A numerical solution for the PNE model is obtained using the finite volume method (FVM) based on the tri-diagonal matrix algorithm (TDMA). The developed program, written in Matlab, is capable to solve the advection–dispersion (ADE) and the PNE equations for the mobile -immobile (MIM) model with linear sorption isotherm. The Solute transport parameters, (immobile water content, mass transfer coefficient and dispersion coefficient), are estimated using different algorithms such as levenberg-marquardt algorithm (LM), genetic algorithm (GA), simulated annealing algorithm (SA). To overcome the limitations of deterministic optimization models which are rather instable and divergent around a local minimum, a hybrid algorithm (GA+LM, SA+LM) permit to estimate the solute transport parameters. Numerical solutions are verified using the experiments conducted by Semra (2003) which are about the transport of toluene through a column composed of impregnated Chromosorb grains at ambient temperature (20 °C) for three flow rates (1, 2 and 5ml/min). The results show that the hybrid algorithm (GA+LM, SA+LM) more accurate than others (GA, SA and LM). Comparing to the ADE model, The PNE with linear isotherm model gives a better description to the breakthrough curves (BTCs) with higher values of determination coefficient (R2) and lower values of root mean square error (RMSE). Also, the solute transport parameters tended to vary with the flow rate.


A new system to obtain large numbers of functionally competent hapten‐specific effector helper T cells has been developed. Mice were primed in the tail with syngeneic spleen cells derivatized with one of three different haptens: 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl, fluorescein isothiocyanate and 3‐(p‐sulfophenyldiazo)‐4‐hydroxyphenyl. Draining lymph node cells were subsequently restimulated in culture with the homologous antigen for periods up to 6 weeks. More than 99% and 90% of the cells recovered from these preparative cultures, expressed Thy‐1 and Lyt‐1 antigens, respectively. These cells proliferated specifically in response to the homologous stimulation by haptenated syngeneic spleen cells, and they were found to display very high levels of hapten‐specific helper activity, as assayed in a new, universal method for testing T ‐ B cell cooperation, where every B cell can potentially respond to specific T cell help. Coculture of hapten‐derivatized, functionally competent B cells with hapten‐specific T cells obtained from the preparative cultures, resulted in the appearance, and exponential increase with time, of very large numbers of IgM and IgG plaque‐forming cells. This helper activity could be shown to be: specific for the immunizing hapten and to increase with the time of in vitro helper cell enrichment, which also resulted in higher average avidities expressed by the helper cell populations. This methodology appears valuable for structural studies on hapten‐specific helper cells, as well as for the functional analysis of effector helper ‐ B cell interactions.


In this report, current estimates are presented for US and world nonrenewable energy sources. The data are presented in summary form due to space limitations. The full power, available on request from the authors, presents full details of the resource estimates. US fossil fuel resources are reported as of December 1977. However, for the summary world resource tables, 1976 US data were used to be consistent with the latest estimates available for other world areas.


Using the example of the European Union's foundational myth that post-war cooperation led to peace, in this paper I attempt to develop both a theory of mythopoetic legitimation and an analytical framework for its analysis. I start from the position that mythopoesis is a form of legitimation through history or, more specifically, through selective narratives of history. I utilise Berger and Luckmann's social constructivism to show that myths are deeply sedimented narratives that integrate existing (objectivated) phenomena into a cohesive story. I then propose a framework for critically analysing myths as legitimation strategies. After detailing the EU's origins story, the remainder of the paper operationalises the framework by analysing how the EU's foundational myth is used in three, very different contexts: Brexit, the coronavirus pandemic, and a State of the Union address. In doing so, I argue that the EU has become a prisoner of the past it has mythologised.


Qur'an-related intertextuality, envisaged as an enriching communicative act both monolingually and interlingually, represents a case of semantic complexity that is wired to present inconceivable translation challenges. Drawing on Derrida's (1977) dichotomy iterability/citationality , Kristeva's (1980) vertical intertextuality , Fairclough's (1992a; 1992b; 1995 & 2011) manifest intertextuality , and Bakhtin's (1986) double voicing or re-accentuation , the study argues that Qur'an-related intertextuality is conducive of conceptual densities, the 'harnessing' of which requires 'mobilizing' those translation strategies that should exceed the lexicographical equivalence (Venuti 2009) to establish intertextual relations relevant to the form and theme of the foreign text. To resolve the arising translation problems, the study basically proposes two synthetic approaches: the gist-paratextual and the gist-exegetical . Translation skopos has been found to be central to the production and reception of intertextuality and to determining which of the two proposed synthetic approaches to operationalize. Finally, analysis shows that Qur'an proved to be a virtual breeding ground for textual dynamism and potentiation .


Abstract The St. Louis Art Museum's statue of Reclining Pan proved inspirational to many artists of the seventeenth century, none more so than Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione. The artist reproduced the statue in many of his works, making it a symbol of his invenzione. Previously, the few reproductions known of the statue have given the impression that Baroque audiences considered it antiquwct 2 e, and of less interest than other antiquities. This article corrects that assumption by examining Castiglione's, as well as Peter Paul Rubens', Joachim von Sandrart's, Nicolas Poussin's, and Salvator Rosa's uses of the statue. The artists used the Pan as both figural exemplar and symbol for pastoral themes. These artistic responses are here set alongside new information concerning the Pan's seventeenth-century provenance, display, and attribution to Bernini, to reveal the Reclining Pan as a primary catalyst for the period's extensive Arcadian and bacchanalian imagery while simultaneously representing lessons of the classical style.


Grade paper that propose a methodology for the design of a Cross Docking Network in Colombia using a simulation base optimization Heuristic, taking into account the uncertainty of the 4G infrastructure projects. The document is divided in 1. Abstract, 2. Justification, 3. Theoretical Background, 4.Problem Statement and objectives, 5. Methodology, 6. Results.


Many interesting real-world systems are represented as complex networks with multiple types of interactions and complicated dependency structures between layers. These interactions can be encoded as having a valence with positive links marking interactions such as trust and friendship and negative links denoting distrust or hostility. Extracting information from these negative interactions is challenging since standard topological metrics are often poor predictors of negative link formation, particularly across network layers. In this paper, we introduce a method based on mutual information which enables us to predict both negative and positive relationships. Our experiments show that SMLP (Signed Multiplex Link Prediction) can leverage negative relationship layers in multiplex networks to improve link prediction performance.


The invention relates to a sub-depot flow-guiding type solar water heater water tank with simple structure and good insulating and energy-saving effects, comprising a water tank body and a vacuum pipe, wherein the water tank body is connected with the vacuum pipe; the water tank body is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; the water inlet is provided with an automatic water supplying device; an exhaust valve is arranged above or on the side wall of the water tank body; the water tank body is internally divided into a heating depot and a water storing depot by a heat insulating device; the water inlet is positioned at the water storing depot and the water outlet is positioned at the heating depot; the heat insulating device is provided with a flow-guiding pipe communicating the heating depot and the water storing depot; the exhaust valve is respectively arranged above or on the side wall of the heating depot and the water storing depot; and the water inlet is provided with the automatic water supplying device. The solar water heater water tank is designed in a sub-depot manner, stores heat and heats in the sub-depot manner, and separates transmission of the water temperature of the two depots by the heat insulating device; an electric heating device heats the heating depot, and play the roles of saving energy and protecting environment, wherein the heated amount is same as the used amount;, thus solving the difficulty that the electricity amount is large when electric heating is started in winter and cloudy and rainy days.


The present invention is an invention relating to the image data providing method for visualization, such as a car or a motorcycle failed part of the road for the same vehicle, maintenance procedures, maintenance procedures. In order to reduce translation costs incurred for conventional textual maintenance manual is provided with the following steps. The data (e.g., CAD data or vector data) from the digitized two or more components of the vehicle are provided. The digitized data from the array for each of the two parts of the vehicle is also provided. When the plurality of the repair process, the first selected using the select repair process elements, the first being provided for the first step data of the repair process, or image data, and then, the first service data and the image of the second step of the cycle the data is provided.


Practical significances of evaluation theory of engineering geological environmental quality applied to urban planning and present situation of environmental engineering geology research in urban planning are analysed Thought and method which evaluation theory of engineering geological environmental quality applied to urban planning are studied,and it is discussed as a case study of Yantai city in this thesis.


In this paper, a simplified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm for a multi level inverter is proposed. This method is based on the usage of the adjacent vectors on a part time basis to satisfy the average output demand. In this method, the outer vectors are used for calculation while the inner vectors are ignored. This reduces the computation time so that the multi level inverter can be implemented using a Micro-controller itself. Simplified space vector pulse width modulation method is applied to three and five level inverters.The simulation results obtained from PSIM software are in accordance with the expectations. Multilevel inverter


In this paper we present a stylized economy-energy-climate model and discuss the role of the atmosphere, fossil fuels, and a stock of accumulated knowledge about renewable energy technologies in collaboratively and competitively managed worlds. The model highlights that assumptions about the 'degree of competition' and about choices of lumping economic regions, and hence their heterogeneity, strongly affect model predictions about the rate of fossil fuel use and, consequently, the rate of climate change. In the model, decisionmakers (actors) make decisions about investment allocations into the goods producing economy and into carbon-based and non-carbon-based (renewable) energy supply, the remainder being for consumption. Actors are faced with the following dilemma situation. Economic growth requires energy and will therefore accelerate fossil fuel depletion and generate growth in carbon emissions, the latter leading to global warming and climate change induced damages. By developing non-carbon energy sources, which come initially at a higher cost than fossil fuels, growth of carbon emissions can be curtailed. Trying to optimize a consumption-related utility, actors base their decisions on the economically most rational investment portfolio for a finite time horizon. However, in their decisionmaking, they are constrained by the choices of other actors. We consider two prototypical situations: (i) a collaborative environment where all actors strive to maximize a world utility e the global optimum e and (ii) a situation where actors optimize the utility of their own country e a solution that corresponds to a Nash equilibrium. The difference between both outcomes can be used to classify the severity of the 'tragedy of the commons effect'. We present results about the dependence of the severity of this effect on several key parameters (i) the number of actors, (ii) the heterogeneity and severity of expected climate damages, (iii) assumptions about technology diffusion and (iv) fossil fuel depletion.