Dietary mono- or di-trans fatty acids with chain lengths of 18–22 increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases because they increase LDL cholesterol and decrease HDL cholesterol in the plasma. However, the effects of trans isomers of PUFAs on lipid metabolism remain unknown. Dietary PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in marine oils, improve serum lipid profiles by suppressing liver X receptor α (LXRα) activity in the liver. In this study, we compared the effects of trans geometric isomers of eicosapentaenoic acid (TEPA) on triacylglycerol synthesis induced by a synthetic LXRα agonist (T0901317) with the effects of EPA in HepG2 cells. TEPA significantly decreased the amount of cellular triacylglycerol and the expression of mRNAs encoding fatty acid synthase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase induced by T0901317 compared with EPA. However, there was no significant difference between the suppressive effect of TEPA or EPA on the expression of sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) induced by T0901317. We found that TEPA, but not EPA, decreased the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1β (PGC-1β), which is a coactivator of both LXRα and SREBP-1. These results suggest that the hypolipidemic effect of TEPA can be attributed to a decrease not only in SREBP-1 but also in PGC-1β expression.


Analytical current equations for abrupt and linearly-graded heterojunctions with or without a setback layer have been derived. The equations are general and applicable to both abrupt and linearly-graded heterojunction bipolar transistors. Collector and base currents and small-signal parameters such as transconductance and cutoff frequency of the abrupt and linearly-graded heterojunction bipolar transistors with or without a setback layer are evaluated. Comparisons between the isothermal model, the numerical model, and the present model including self-heating effect are demonstrated.


Carbon nanotubes (CNTs - long tubular carbon nanostructures) belong to the best electron field emitting materials. Based on the experimentally determined electron density in the dual hot filament/DC plasma deposition system the electric field close to the substrate and ion energy flux were calculated. The dependences of electric characteristics close to the nanotube tips on various geometric and plasma parameters were numerically investigated. Taking into account the field enhancement in the vicinity of the CNTs tips the force acting on them was determined. The reliability of numeric computations was tested on a model of conductive sphere placed in a homogeneous electric field, for which theoretical predictions concerning electric forces and field emission currents can be derived.


In this paper, we explain the most important phase of security architecture for Internet of Things (IoT) based on software-defined networking (SDN). In this context, the SDN-based architecture is executed with or without the infrastructure; this is also called as SDNDomain. This works gives briefing of the operations of the proposed architecture and summarizes the opportunity to achieve network security in a more effective and flexible with the presence of SDN. In this paper, we assumed the network access control and global traffic monitoring for ad-hoc networks. Finally, we point out the architectural design choices for SDN using Open Flow and discuss their performance implications. Keywords— IoT; Software Defined Network; SDN; Computer-Networking; Authenticity; security;


This paper describes the HuMetricsHSS initiative, which calls for a major shift towards a values-based evaluation paradigm in academia and, by extension, academic libraries. HuMetricsHSS proposes that metrics only be used to measure a one's progress towards embodying five core values that initial research suggests are central to all humanities and social science disciplines: Collegiality, Quality, Equity, Openness, and Community.

This paper explores these values and their potential application to academic library services. How might "equity" be embodied in the context of collection management? Should "openness" be a prerequisite for supporting journals? Might new conceptions of "quality" better guide our services offered to faculty and students? Both traditional metrics (i.e., bibliometrics) and altmetrics' applicability for these purposes are explored.


This process for reducing the concentration of humate-type organic impurities in Bayer process liquors is characterized in that it consists in diverting part of a Bayer process liquor stream in a side stream. contacting the side stream with a sufficient amount of an organic cationic compound which is immiscible with the process liquor to form a two phase system, i.e. a first phase containing the cationic compound together with a product of insoluble addition formed by reaction between the cationic compound and humate-type organic impurities, and a second phase containing the soluble aluminum compounds, separating the two phases, returning the separated second phase into the stream of the process liquors. Bayer, and to treat the first separate phase to recover the cationic compound for recycling. The organic cationic compound is especially poly (N, N-dimethyl-3,5-methylenepiperidinium chloride).


Most clustering representations of journal‐to‐journal networks are static and pay little attention to the intellectual state of a discipline(s). The status‐role hypothesis is no exception, notwithstanding its substantive grounding and confirmation for both psychological‐ and sociological‐journal networks at distinct time points. A critical test of this hypothesis is provided in a pair of geographical‐journal networks for 1970–1972 and for 1980–1982. The latter was generated after a period of great change and intellectual ferment. As expected, the status‐role hypothesis was confirmed for 1970–1972 but not for 1980–1982. This result indicates the need to consider wider disciplinary conditions when interpreting clustering representation of journal networks. It also implies a need to consider the time scale of the social processes of science. A related hypothesis of a center‐periphery structure for journal networks was confirmed for both periods. © 1988 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Information on risk-neutral density is valuable in financial markets for a wide range of participants. This density can be used to mark-to-market exotic options that are not very liquid on the market, for anticipation of effects determined by new policy or possible extreme events such as crashes, and even for designing new trading strategies. There are many models that have been proposed in the past for estimating the risk-neutral density, each with their pros and cons.

Keywords:

risk-neutral density;
calibration;
generalized inverse Gaussian distribution


Image superresolution (SR) reconstruction refers to methods that increase image spatial resolution by fusing information from either a sequence of temporal adjacent images or multi-source images from different sensors. In the paper we propose a hybrid MAP-POCS method for automatic image SR reconstruction, which firstly estimates the unknown point spread function (PSF) and an approximation for the original ideal image, and then sets up the HMRF image prior model and assesses its inhomogeneous control parameter through maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, finally automatically computes the regularized solution by two-phase iterative solution. Hybrid MAP-POCS estimates computed on simulation images, actual video sequence and actual satellite images show dramatic visual and quantitative improvements over bilinear interpolation and ML-POCS reconstruction results with sharp edges, correctly restored textures and a high PSNR improvement.


Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of bio-active and non-bio-active self-etch adhesive sytems on bacterial microleakage of class II box cavities with restoration margins in dentin. Two bio-active (Clearfil Protect Bond and F1 Bond II) and two nonbio-active (Clearfil SE Bond and Clearfil s3 Bond) adhesive systems were selected for the study. Eighty mesial and distal class II box cavities were prepared on fourty sound human third molar teeth. The teeth were then divided into four groups with 10 teeth in each group. Groups were restorated using different adhesive systems. The restored specimens were immersed into a culture medium containing streptococcus mutans for bacterial microleakage test. Serial sections of the specimens were used to evaluate the bacterial lekage by using light microscope. The data obtained from the test of bacterial microleakage was evaluated using 2-way mixed analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups (p < 0.05). Nevertheless it was observed that none of the tested adhesive systems including the bio-active ones were successfull in eliminating bacterial microleakage.


This paper aims to analyze the groundwater flow direction of Tamangapa landfill and to predict the contaminant in the groundwater over the period of 20 years, accounted for the year of 2000 until 2020. To understand the natural condition of the landfill, geological and hydrogeological survey were undertaken, consisting of geological survey, geomorphology and geo-resistivity surveys. Hydrogeological survey comprises groundwater level measurement, chemical analysis of leachate and groundwater samples which were later used as input data for numerical model. Based on the result of groundwater flow models, the direction of groundwater is found to be flowing from the north to the south. The minimum concentration for manganese (Mn) is 1.519 mg/l and 2.701 mg/l for iron (Fe). Over the period of 2020, Fe concentration increases significantly, reaching the level of 56.427 mg/l, Mn concentration for 299.5594 mg/l. It can be suggested that the groundwater quality of Tamangapa landfill has already exceeded the standard for water quality, leading to potential severe impact to local people around the landfill. Keywords: Landfill, modflow, groundwater, leachate, contaminant.


OBJECTIVE To discuss the effect of selective HMG-COA rosuvastatin and antioxidant probucol on atherosclerosis in rats,and research its mechanism.METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into control group(group A),model group(group B),rosuvastatin group(group C),probucol group(group D),and rosuvastatin combined probucol group(group E),12 rats in each group.High lipid-diet and intraperitoneal injection of Vitamin D3 were given to establish the atherosclerosis(AS) rat model.Group C,group D,and group E were intragastrically administered drug from the nineth week.All the rats were weighted and sacrificed for determination the levels of blood lipid,low-density lipoprotein(OX-LDL) in plasma,malonaldehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),vascular endothelial cadherin(VE-cadherin) in serum.The expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(PECAM-1) was assayed by immunohistochemistry.The histomorphological changes of the aorta were observed under light microscope.RESULTS Compared with group B,the content of cholesterol(TC) and low-density lipoprotein(LDL) in group C,D and E were lower(P0.01),the level of OX-LDL,VE-cadherin and MDA were significantly lower(P0.01),the SOD activity increased(P0.05),the intimal thickness was thinner(P0.01) and the endothelial damage of the aorta was lessened,and the expression of PECAM-1 was decreased(P0.01).The levels of OX-LDL and MDA were lower and the SOD activity increased in group D and E than that in group C(P0.05).The intimal thickness was thinner in group E than that in group C and D(P0.05).CONCLUSION The therapeutic effects of probucol in reducing the level of TC,LDL is similar to rosuvastatin and the effect of antioxidation in probucol is superior to rosuvastatin.The two drugs combined together can decrease the histomorphological damage,slow the progress of AS,and improve treatment.


In wide application of communication, audio and music technology, speech coding, antenna and time delay estimation. The sampling instant provides the sampled frequency at regular interval of time. Digital delay filters provide the fine tuning of sampling interval which is implemented for band limited interpolation. In this paper, Design technique of fractional delay filter and application is given.


A total of 189 conjunctival scrapings were collected from patients in Tokyo, Japan by monitoring adenovirus infection in community‐based clinics during 2005 and 2006. Of the 189 samples, 155 (82%) had adenoviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The serotypes were determined by PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis, using a combination of endonucleases, such as HhaI, AluI, and HaeIII, and neutralization tests (NTs). PCR‐RFLP identified five serotypes: serotype 3: 16.8%, serotype 4: 9.7%, serotype 8: 34.8%, serotype 11: 23.2%, and serotype 37: 15.5%. Adenovirus 8 was the most common serotype identified. A subset consisting of 25 isolates identified as adenovirus 8 from this study plus 25 isolates from Kawasaki were analyzed using PCR sequencing of the hexon gene. Compared with prototype adenovirus serotype 8 and serotype 9 derived in Tokyo and Kawasaki, these isolates shared 61.7–62.8% and 80.5–82.7% amino acid homology, respectively, suggesting that a variant adenovirus serotype 8 was involved in this outbreak, and is different from the prototype adenovirus 8 virus. This variant had not been detected in Japan prior to 1996 and appears to be the most common adenovirus type 8 involved in cases of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis in Japan at present. J. Med. Virol. 80:997–1003, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In recent years there has been a significant increase in the production of electric vehicles (EVs), in the global strive to reduce polluting gases produced by conventional fossil-fuel driven vehicles. Therefore, many optimization algorithms have been proposed for EV mobility and the charging of battery packs in the stations connected to power grids. However, there are situations in which experimental results are not sufficient, and simulations are needed. In this work, we address the effects of the charge demands of an EV fleet on the grid by considering the attitude of EV drivers, and especially their range anxiety. This influences their decision of when to recharge the battery pack. To this end, an agent-based model has been developed for the simulation of a power grid considering different scenarios based mainly on the state of charge (SOC) of battery packs at the time of the charging requests of EVs at service stations. The results indicate that in general a high battery SOC at the beginning of charging increases the probability of reaching higher power peaks on the grid.


Abstract An ebulliometric method for the determination of urea in fertilizers was developed. The method is based on the boiling-temperature elevation caused by addition of the sample to the ebulliometer and the following decrease in this temperature due to decomposition of urea. Thermodynamic and kinetic informations were obtained in order to choose the best experimental conditions for the procedure. Determination of urea in synthetic samples of fertilizers was accomplished with a precision of 1%. An overall


Adaptive sampling designs are designs in which additional units or sites for observation are selected depending on the interpretation of observations made during initial sampling. Additional sampling is driven by the observed results from an initial sample. Two problems often crop up in adaptive sampling. One, it may not be feasible to sample according to a designated sampling plan. And two, the prescribed sampling plan may result in very small selection probabilities for some units thereby giving large weights to such units in estimation. In order to ameliorate these problems, we propose a regression procedure that combines design and model-based techniques of estimation.


The problems of modernization of municipal infrastructure are among the widely discussed in the national economic literature. There are significant advances in this direction, although quite a few unresolved problems remain. Much less attention is paid to the study of the complexity of municipal integration tools for the development of municipal infrastructure in the territorial and spatial environment. This article discusses trends and approaches to ensure the sustainable development and functioning of municipal infrastructure through the formation of mechanisms and tools for inter-municipal integration. The issues of the practical implementation of inter-municipal interaction in digital technologies format are highlighted. The necessity of creating and using a regional digital platform, based on which a structural model of a digital platform of inter-municipal integration can be formed is justified. The effects of inter-municipal integration in general in the sphere of housing and communal services are determined.


Abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare errors committed in the distribution of medicationsat a hospital pharmacy with those perceived by staff members involved in the distributionprocess. Medications distributed to the medical and surgical wards were analyzed. The drugswere dispensed in individualized doses per patient, separated by administration time in boxes orplastic bags for 24 hours of care and using the carbon copy of the prescription. Nineteen staffmembers involved in the drug-dispensing process were also interviewed. In the observationphase, 1963 drugs dispensed in 259 prescriptions were analyzed, with a total of 61 dispensingerrors (3.2% of the medications). The most frequent errors were omission of the prescribedmedication (23%) and distribution of non-prescribed medication (14.8%). In the interviews, themain errors perceived by the staff were medications dispensed at a concentration other thanthat prescribed (22%) and the distribution of non-prescribed medication or medication differentfrom that prescribed (20%). Differences were found between the most frequent errors observedand those reported by staff members. Nonetheless, the views of the staff proved coherent withthe literature on this issue. Keywords: medication errors, hospital medication system.


Abstract : Lifetimes of levels in Ca40 below an excitation energy of 6.3 MeV have been studied through the Ca40 reaction. (Author)


This paper explores affliction in the intersection between the human body, social violence and theatricality. It argues that in Nicaragua, 'victims' of pesticide contamination wield their suffering flesh as theatrical weapons. Banned in the USA as early as the 1970s, but used since in banana plantations by multinational companies in many developing nations, the pesticide nemagón has become the perfect metaphor for evoking structural violence in Nicaragua today. As a result of contact with the pesticide at least one thousand Nicaraguans have died to date. For several years now thousands of men and women, together with their families, have staged a number of public protests. Partaking in long highway marches of up to 140 kilometers from their communities in Northwestern Nicaragua to the capital Managua, setting up tent cities and performing other well-known spectacular protests, they have called attention to their social situation.


The Ediacaran organic-rich Doushantuo Shale in the Yichang area of the Middle Yangtze Platform has attracted significant attention, although few studies have focused on the methane adsorption capac...


We conducted observational and modeling studies of thermospheric composition and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) variations during two geomagnetically quiet periods (maximum Kp = 1.7) at solar minimum. Daytime thermospheric O and N2 column density ratio (∑O/N2) observed by Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk and TEC from a network of ground‐based Global Navigation Satellites System receivers both exhibited large (∼30% of reference values) and long‐lived (5–11 h) day‐to‐day variations in roughly the same mid‐latitude geographic regions. Numerical simulations replicated the observed variability, though not perfectly. Analysis of the simulations suggested that the variations were mainly generated in the high‐latitudes and were subsequently advected equatorward and westward. When high‐latitudes input was turned off in simulations, the variations were negligible. This suggested the potentially important role of high‐latitude geomagnetic forcing in thermospheric composition and ionospheric density variations at mid‐latitudes even during some "geomagnetically quiet" periods at solar‐minimum.


Background. A twin pregnancy imposes greater demands on maternal physiology and smoking may thus be associated theoretically with a greater risk of preterm delivery than in singleton pregnancies.


of Blair's Greek and Latin sources. Helpfully, the editors have provided an appendix of the Greek citations, controlling for modern conventions of spelling, writing, and accenting Greek and they have also avoided the mistake of recent past editions which printed the lower-case s as a descending s ( ) in accordance with eighteenth century typeface. In sum, the original contribution of the editors is generous and substantial and goes a long way toward ensuring respect for Blair's Lectures, both in their historical context and in contemporary times.


Not all technological innovations lead to start-ups, whereas an estimated 75 per cent of the new employment is created there. This is a global phenomenon. Why are there no more entrepreneurial successes? Are innovators just too technology driven, so that they forget about the market for their ideas? Failing to prepare for the market, is preparing to fail your business. Or are innovators predominantly hidden in research and development (RD in fact, many of them fail. How does the entrepreneur learn more quickly from his/her mistakes? To initiate the creation of new venture, you may need a special culture, climate or mindset. Underneath this progress there are interactions


This article introduces the physical characteristics of pure spin current, especially the electrically generated pure spin current in graphene. Pure spin current is essentially different from charge current, since only spin angular momentum flows. A number of studies on the generation of pure spin current in graphene has been intensively performed, and various attractive physical features of the pure spin current have been clarified. Spin currentronics using graphene can open a new frontier in the field of spintronics.


Some years ago it seemed self-evident that the rapid spread of computer access and Internet connectivity would ultimately doom attempts to maintain totalitarian control over any but the most isolated and militarized societies—North Korea being a ready example. Now, time and experience, as well as the use of the Internet in the service of radical Islamist movements, have added some complexity to that optimistic scenario.


The research utilized quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design. A total of 287 students from class IX at SMP Negeri 12 Pematang Siantar was chosen as the population. The sample was split into two classes: the experimental class (IX 1), which had 28 students and used guided reading, and the control class (IX 5), which had 28 students and utilized lectures. The research instruments were pre-test and post-test of multiple choice of narrative text. To process statistical data, the researcher utilized SPSS version 26. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk showed results of 0.200 (experimental) and 0.140 (control). The experimental group's post-test mean score exceeded the control group's post-test by 70 points, leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis and rejection of the null hypothesis. This demonstrates that the guided reading strategy significantly enhances students' narrative text comprehension.


A procedure developed for the isolation and purification of soluble hemoproteins from rice embryo has been applied for the same purpose for rice bran. The method involved extraction with dilute phosphate buffer, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50, and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Cytochrome c and a blue protein were obtained as the major soluble basic proteins. Rice bran cytochrome c was crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution. The absorption spectrum and other physico-chemical properties were found to be identical with those of rice embryo cytochrome c as reported in the previous paper. The blue protein was obtained in a highly purified form. The absorption spectrum of the oxidized form shows major bands at 280 and 600 mµ with a hump around 450 mμ. The blue protein was reduced by dithionite, ascorbate, hydroquinone with a concominant disappearance of its color, but the reduced form could not be oxidized by the molecular oxygen. The ...


The utility model provides a separation type solar water heater, and belongs to the technical field of solar utilization. The utility model is composed of a heat collector and a water storage tank, wherein the heat collector and the water storage tank are connected by a heat circulating pipeline, wherein the heat collector is composed of a mounting support frame, a high-temperature heat conduction pipe, a low-temperature flow return pipe, a U-shaped vacuum pipe and a U-shaped heat absorption pipe. The U-shaped heat absorption pipe is arranged in the U-shaped vacuum pipe. The high-temperature end and the low-temperature end of more than one U-shaped heat absorption pipe are respectively connected with the high-temperature heat conduction pipe and the low-temperature flow return pipe to form a parallel loop, and are fixed on the mounting support frame together. A spiral heat-exchange pipe is arranged in an inner cavity of the storage water tank. Both ends of the spiral heat-exchange pipe extend out of the water storage tank, and both of the two ends of the spiral heat-exchange pipe are respectively connected with the high-temperature heat conduction pipe and the low-temperature flow return pipe of the heat collector through the heat circulating pipeline. The low-temperature flow return pipe is also provided with a control valve which is used for adding a superconducting medium. The separation type solar water heater provided by the utility model has the characteristics of reasonable design, convenient installation, high heat exchange efficiency, etc.


As a prominent early instance of the Internet of Things in the smart grid, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) provides real-time information from smart meters to both grid operators and customers, exploiting the full potential of demand response. However, the newly collected information without security protection can be maliciously altered and result in huge loss. In this paper, we propose an energy theft detection scheme with energy privacy preservation in the smart grid. Especially, we use combined convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect abnormal behavior of the metering data from a long-period pattern observation. In addition, we employ Paillier algorithm to protect the energy privacy. In other words, the users' energy data are securely protected in the transmission and the data disclosure is minimized. Our security analysis demonstrates that in our scheme data privacy and authentication are both achieved. Experimental results illustrate that our modified CNN model can effectively detect abnormal behaviors at an accuracy up to 92.67%.


A reflection on the relation of evangelism and culture, and the living encounter between evangelists and the culture of the people to whom a gospel is to be presented, is a fundamental need of yesterday and of today. That this concern is the focus of the first sectional theme of the forthcoming conference on world mission and evangelism is significant, and it is to this encounter that we would like to devote this article. But the fact that the conference is being held in Latin America, and that too in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, provides us with an important historical context in which to raise the issue. In Latin America, as well as in other parts of the world, the period around 1992 was one of serious reflection on the mission history of the church, and of the missionary practice of yesterday and today. We remember with pain the "missionary presence," with its destruction of the indigenous population, the importation of African people as the slave force, all done in the name of an evangelistic mission. It is clear that military conquest and extension of the Spanish empire was the predominant intention. However, all that hardship was inflicted with the blessing of the church, under the pretension that this was one evangelistic way to claim all those people for the lordship of Jesus Christ. We recognize that a tragic and very sad page in the history of the church was written during those years. Perhaps the whole tragedy of the evangelistic methodology is symbolized by the practice of the requerimiento, the practice by the invading Spanish troops of summoning the authorities of the town so that somebody could read to them this requerimiento, this ultimatum, and who were surprised that God had sent his son Jesus Christ, the one who had elected Peter and from Peter, the Pope, and that the Pope, acting on the authority of Peter and Christ and God, had attributed the lands of America to the king of Spain, meaning that all the inhabitants in fact were established in foreign territory that belonged to the crown, and that the only way for them to remain was to accede to the authority of the Roman Pontiffs and to give gold to the Spanish crown in tribute, and as a sign of obedience to it. In addition it was announced that if the people refused, war would follow, with slavery for men and their children as the consequence. In most cases, this requerimiento was pronounced without a translator, therefore giving the people no chance to understand what was being decreed. Of course, when finally they understood, they could not believe their ears that somebody far away could claim the authority to give their lands and their lives to the Spanish crown. The printing of the cross was synonymous with the planting of the authority of the Spanish crown. Obviously, there were Christian reactions to that practice - some names of Christian men of God even reached the pages of the church universal. Later on, others came with different missionary methodologies, trying in some way to preserve the Indians from the exploitation, slavery and submission that had been imposed on them. But all in all, 1992 was a sober reminder of the historical pitfalls of the Christian evangelization of the world and the need to rethink in a permanent way our missionary methodologies, so as to be sure that somehow the worst consequence of past history could be redeemed and more faithful manifestations of the gospel of Christ be present. Some presuppositions First of all the topic is fundamental because cultures are not neutral. The traditional cultures have a strong component of traditional religion. Even today sub-cultures that might not claim a particular religious tradition tend to idolize one specific value, be it sex, race, pleasure, money, or whatever. Culture could be considered to be in more inclusive terms than religion. However, religious values, conscious or unconscious, religious practice, traditions and attitudes permeate the whole of culture. …


The practical off-design analytical solution of single-pressure and generating steamgas HRSG was given in this paper, with gas turbine outlet temperature and flow mass as independent variables. It not only can be used to check and develop the existing numerical solutions and programs, but also can be used to achieve the analytical solution of gas turbine total energy system(TES) by combining with numerical solutions of other components of TES, so as to study and analyze the off-design general characteristics of TES.


The invention discloses a high-performance ultra-fine grained hard alloy new material splitting cutter, belonging to the technical field of hard alloy cutters. The high-performance ultra-fine grained hard alloy new material splitting cutter is manufactured by adopting a powder metallurgy process, and consists of the following raw material components in percentage by mass: 0.40-0.50% of CT, 85.0-85.5% of WC, 12.0-12.5% of Co, 0.4-0.6% of Vc, 0.7-0.9% of Cr3C2, 0.6-0.8% of TaC and 0.03-0.07% of octadecanoic acid. By adopting an ingenious new formula of an ultra-fine grained material, the problems of pores, non-uniform distribution of a Co phase and the like caused by poor wet milling dispersion are effectively solved from the ingredients, thus a high-quality mixture is prepared, and the slitting and shearing cutter with high performance and high precision is produced; and the cutter has high hardness, high strength, strong abrasion resistance and good toughness, and the quality and comprehensive use performance of the cutter are in the domestic leading position.


The protein expression profile of brain tissues of the AEV-infected chicken were investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The 2-D gels were silver stained and the digitized 2-D images were obtained using Image Scanner Ⅱ. The differential proteins expression analysis was carried out using the ImageMaster 2D Platinum software (version 5.0, Amersham). A total of 793 protein spots were detected for the AEV-infected chickens, while 827 protein spots detected for the uninfected controls. Two gels matching showed that 614 protein spots representing 75.8 % ptoteins were matched. In addition, expression of 16 proteins in the AEV-infected chichens were found significantly down-regulated. These proteins may be related to pathological changes in the brain tissues and would be useful candidates for further pathogenesis study.


Microanalyses were performed on principal ore minerals•\pyrite and chalcopyrite•\from the porphyry copper deposits of the Mamut Mine, East Malaysia. The result reveals that Ag and Mn are concentrated in chalcopyrite; and Mo, Ni, Co, Pb and Bi in pyrite. In general, the minor element variability in chalcopyrite is smaller than that in pyrite. Minor element abundances in pyrite and chalcopyrite vary with host rock types. The Ni composition of the sulfide minerals is likely due to mixing of Ni from the host rocks with Ni derived from the ore fluid. Comparing the analytical data from the Mamut deposit with those from the Bingham deposit and the Santa Rita deposit, it can be pointed out that chalcopyrites in the former deposit are generally richer in Ag and poorer in Sn, Mo, Bi and As than in the latter deposits. Introduction The Mamut mine, located in the northwestern Saba, 68 kilometers east of Kota Kinabalu, is a typical porphyry copper deposit in the southwestern Pacific islands (Fig. 1). The ore deposit was first discovered in 1964 by geochemical exploration and mining operation began in 1975. Ore reserves are estimated at 178 million tons of 0.476 percent copper and about 0.5 parts per million of gold. 28 pyrites and 10 chalcopyrites from the ores of the Mamut mine were carefully concentrated and Fig. 1 Index map showing location of the Mamut mine. Fig. 2 Geologic map of the Mamut mine, showing of locations of samples. Received on November 11, 1982, accepted on December 15, 1982 * Department of Mineral Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyo to 606


An efficient, simple, and convenient synthetic procedure for the synthesis of tetracyclic spirooxindole derivatives, starting from N-protected isatins and 2-fluoropyridine, was successfully developed. It enables the facile formation of a new class of spirooxindoles in which the oxindole core is fused with various heterocycles at the C-3 position.


Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is common, can pro-gress to kidney failure, and augments the risk of cardiovascular disease (1). Intensive glycemic and BP control are known to prevent DKD, yet the optimal treatment strategy to mitigate risk for increased albuminuria and impaired GFR remains unclear. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system remains a mainstay therapy for managing BP and reducing albuminuria in people with type 2 diabetes; however, the utility of this treatment in attenuating DKD progression in individuals with either normal BP or normoal-buminuria is unclear. In contrast, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are effective next-generation blood glucose – modifying therapies that are changing management of type 2 diabetes with reductions in DKD and cardiovascular disease risk (2), but their mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. GLP1-RAs represent a particularly prom-ising avenue for potential treatment as they exhibit a multitude of positive effects on the kidney, heart, and vasculature.Glucagon-like peptide 1, an incretin hormone made in the L cells of the distal ileum, is postprandially secreted and binds to a seven-transmembrane G protein – coupled receptor to activate bene fi cial downstream effects (3). Notable downstream effects include increased insulin secretion with b cell proliferation, somatostatin secretion, lipolysis and glucose uptake, natriuresis, and satiety, as well


The brake test rig with the method of mechanical and electric inertia simulation was designed in this paper.The relation between simulated inertia and output torque of the motor was presented.Due to the big disturbance torque and high requirement of control accuracy,a PID control algorithm was proposed for the rotational speed contro1.Moreover,Kalman filter was designed to eliminate the random noise and industrial frequency disturbance.The experimental results demonstrated that the testing accuracy and efficiency were improved.Moreover,the testing platform worked stably and reliable.


One hundred nineteen patients with inoperable esophageal cancer who had been treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy from Jan. 1982 to Dec. 1986 at the Korea Cancer Center Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Of 119 patients, 111 were male, and eight were female. Ten (8%) had a lesion in the cervical esophagus; 71 (60%), in the upper and midthoracic esophagus; and 38 (32%), in the lower esophagus. One hundred ten (92%) patients had squamous cell carcinoma, and nine (8%) had adenocarcinoma. In 40 patients receiving radiotherapy alone, the response rate was 50% (complete response, 10%; partial response, 40%) with a median survival of 9 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 35%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. In 36 patients receiving radiochemotherapy, the response rate was 61% (complete response. 20%; partial response, 41%) with a median survival of 15 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 45%, 31%, and 12%, respectively. Six patients who had received chemotherapy alone had no objective response and died within one year. None of the 37 patients who had not received a specific treatment for underlying cancer survived two years. T1 stage, a lesion in the cervical esophagus, and good performance status (0–2) were considered to be favorable prognostic factors. There was no significant difference in the response rate and the actuarial survival between the radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy groups. These results suggest that both radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy are effective treatment modalities for inoperable esophageal cancer.


ASTER instrument on Terra spacecraft is operating over 4 years since early 2000. The total number of acquired data exceeds 800 thousand scenes. The radiometric coefficients are frequently updated to compensate the degradation. The geometric performance is kept in good accuracy since the initial normal operation stage. The performance for radiometric, geometric and stereo capabilities will be comprehensively presented.


Increasingly, patients are asserting their rights through complaints procedures. In this article, New Zealand's approach to consumer rights regarding health and disability will be contrasted with mechanisms in Australia and England, to reveal the common and distinct approaches. As a basis of comparison, a recent opinion of New Zealand's Health and Disability Commissioner will be examined to demonstrate a system that resolves patient disputes without resort to litigation. The consistent theme of the critical analysis is whether the systems achieve patient and consumer satisfaction and how that approach might inform best practice.


According to many studies, the activity of medical students is one of intense emotional types of labor, which affects the state of their mental and physical (somatic) health. The degree of emotional burnout in students of the Faculty of Pharmacy was studied. A high degree of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was found in 27.6% of students and depersonalization in 23.7% of students, medium level - 22.4% and 26.3% respectively, low level of psychological depletion determined in half of the students in study group. 17.2% of respondents revealed diminished importance of personal achievements and dissatisfaction with learning process to a large extent. Conducted research manifested statistically reliable factors that cause professional burnout, such as: accommodation conditions, occupation in accordance to degree, gender.


A rigorous algebraic proof of the full finiteness in all orders of perturbation theory is given for the Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory in a general three-dimensional Riemannian manifold. We show the validity of a trace identity, playing the role of a local form of the Callan-Symanzik equation, in all loop orders, which yields the vanishing of the /3 -functions associated to the topological mass and gauge coupling constant as well as the anomalous dimensions of the fields. Key-words: Algebraic method; Finiteness; Yang-Mills. PACS numbers: 04.62.-fv, ll.10.Gh, 11.15.-q, 11.25.Db * Supported by the Fonds zur Fórderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) under the contract number P11654-PHY. TSupported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ^Supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation §On leave of absence from Dépariement de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 quai E. Ansermet CH-1211 Genève 4 Switzerland


ABSTRACT This qualitative study examines how intergenerational learning contributed to academic motivation among students of different ages in the Florida College System, the state's community college system. The data for this study included 166 semi-structured focus groups with 375 students collected during site visits to 21 state colleges over a five-year period. This study considers both familial intergenerational learning, in which members of different generations in the same family learn from one another, and extrafamilial intergenerational learning, in which members of different generations not in the same family learn from one another. Overall, familial intergenerational learning was a more prominent theme than extrafamilial intergenerational learning. Both familial and extrafamilial intergenerational learning included three similar patterns: 1) older to younger learning, 2) younger to older learning, and 3) reciprocal learning, but familial intergenerational learning also included a fourth pattern of indirect intergenerational learning that is not reflected in extrafamilial intergenerational learning. Recommendations for practice are also provided including formalizing some of the informal forms of intergenerational learning that we highlight in our data.


The cardiovascular effects of volatile anesthetics in children with congenital heart disease have been studied, but there are limited data on the effects of anesthetics on pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratio (Qp:Qs) in patients with intracardiac shunting. In this study, we compared the effects of halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and fentanyl/midazolam on Qp:Qs and myocardial contractility in patients with atrial (ASD) or ventricular (VSD) septal defects. Forty patients younger than 14 yr old scheduled to undergo repair of ASD or VSD were randomized to receive halothane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, or fentanyl/midazolam. Cardiovascular and echocardiographic data were recorded at baseline, randomly ordered 1 and 1.5 mean alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) levels, or predicted equivalent fentanyl/midazolam plasma levels. Ejection fraction (using the modified Simpson's rule) was calculated. Systemic (Qs) and pulmonary (Qp) blood flow was echocardiographically assessed by the velocity-time integral method. Qp:Qs was not significantly affected by any of the four regimens at either anesthetic level. Left ventricular systolic function was mildly depressed by isoflurane and sevoflurane at 1.5 MAC and depressed by halothane at 1 and 1.5 MAC. Sevoflurane, halothane, isoflurane, or fentanyl/midazolam in 1 or 1.5 MAC concentrations or their equivalent do not change Qp:Qs in patients with isolated ASD or VSD.


Pre-service primary teachers are important people to shape future generations, as they will be the first face of mathematics a young child meets when he/she starts school. Since numerical literacy is becoming as important as literacy itself due to ease of data collection and ease of analysis of the data, it is important to educate the future generation and their teachers to be as effective as possible in their abilities to learn/teach mathematics. The research on pre-service teachers' mathematical anxiety and their attitudes towards mathematics show that the pre-service teacher typically has high levels of maths anxiety and that their attitude to mathematics makes a big difference to their learning during their studies at the university and then teaching mathematics to their young students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between previous (i.e. high school) mathematics study and attitudes toward mathematics. Our study showed that a high percentage of participants who studied mathematics in their final year at high school had a somewhat positive attitude toward mathematics.


September 7, 1968 go-slow tactics and resorting to illegal strikes, thereby inconveniencing the policyholders. In some cases threats have been given and even violence has been resorted to by irresponsible elements. All possible steps are being taken to service the policyholders to the best extent possible.


The article is an approach to the theoretical foundations that support the hospital practice of the students of the Bachelor of Nursing, given the need they have to put into practice the knowledge they acquire during their training, as well as a research protocol that conceives the design of a pedagogical strategy for the development of the hospital practice of the subject "Pedagogy of Nursing Care" in students of the fourth semester of the nursing degree, academic unit 4, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Taxco, Guerrero.


As robots take on roles in our society, it is important that their appearance, behaviour and personality are appropriate for the job they are given and are perceived favourably by the people with whom they interact. Here, we provide an extensive quantitative and qualitative study exploring robot personality but, importantly, with respect to individual human traits. Firstly, we show that we can accurately portray personality in a social robot, in terms of extroversion-introversion using vocal cues and linguistic features. Secondly, through garnering preferences and trust ratings for these different robot personalities, we establish that, for a Robo-Barista, an extrovert robot is preferred and trusted more than an introvert robot, regardless of the subject's own personality. Thirdly, we find that individual attitudes and predispositions towards robots do impact trust in the Robo-Baristas, and are therefore important considerations in addition to robot personality, roles and interaction context when designing any human-robot interaction study.


Neutron diffraction, polarized neutron transmission, and small angle neutron scattering have been used to investigate the crystal structure and nature of the magnetic order in a polycrystalline sample of RuSr2Eu1.2Ce0.8Cu2O10. The sample was made with the Eu-153 (98.8%) isotope to reduce the high neutron absorption for the naturally occurring element. Full refinements of the crystal structure, space group I4/mmm, are reported. At low temperatures only a single magnetic peak is clearly observed in a relatively wide angular range. A sharp spin reorientation transition (SRT) is observed around 35 K, close to the superconducting transition temperature (Tc~40 K). Between the spin reorientation temperature and the Neel temperature of 59 K, additional magnetic reflections are observed. However, none of these can be simply indexed on the chemical unit cell, either as commensurate peaks or simple incommensurate magnetism, and the paucity of reflections at low T compels the conclusion that these magnetic Bragg peaks arise from an impurity phase. X-ray and neutron diffraction on the pressed pellet both show that the sample does not appear to contain substantial impurity phases, but it turns out that the magnetic impurity peaks exhibit strong preferred orientation with respect to the pellet orientation, while the primary phase does not. We have been unable to observe any magnetic order that can be identified with the ruthenate-cuprate system.


The present study gathered data from 147 employees in two U.S. headquartered multinational manufacturing companies. Participants responded to questions about their work-related values, perceptions of the productivity of their work teams, and the degree of operational integration between firms" foreign affiliate offices and their U.S. based headquarters. Additionally, analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between team productivity and psychic distance, which is a measure of country-level cultural differences. Work values were assessed using The Values Scale (Neville & Super, 1989), perceptions of team productivity were assessed used an instrument by Kirkman and Rosen (1999), degree of operational integration was measured using a set of items developed by Slangen (2006), and psychic distance was assessed using a scale created by Hakanson and Ambos (2010). As expected, work values were found to be different between a firm"s headquarters and a foreign office and work values predicted perceptions of team productivity when controlling for the age of the team. Psychic distance was found to predict team productivity when team age was controlled, and a more highly integrated degree of operational integration was found to relate to perceived productivity. Contrary to expectation, a significant interaction was not found to exist between work values, degree of integration, and psychic distance. However, a significant interaction


In this paper, an ultra-wideband filter with capacitive frequency-adjustable notch is designed. The 3-dB insertion loss bandwidth exceeds 140%. By adding a parallel short branch and an open branch, two transmission zeros are introduced to realize band rejection. The embedded open branch supplies a notch on the output transmission line, and the physical length of the open branch is changed by changing the capacitance of the capacitor attached to the open port, so the notch point moves flexibly within the passband.


require thedevelopment ofreconfigurable demonstration platforms. The PALMYRE platform is a federative project withtheaimofcoordinating anddeveloping research activities andapplication programs inthefields ofradio communications andlITMOsystems within public andprivate laboratories inBrittany, France. Thisproject involves thedesign andimplementation ofa platform forradiosystemdevelopment andevaluation. This platform allowvs amodular desigzn ofsystems withreconfigurable, interchangeable andreprogrammable software andhardware components. Theobjectiv e istodevelop andtotestradio communication techniques andelectronic systems inrealistic conditions. A robust serial transmission system, involving digital and radiofrequency parts, hasbeendeveloped tobeusedasatest reference fortheplatform. Inthispaper, theNIIMO4X4 compliant radiofrequency circuit anditsimplementation are described. Lastly,simulation results and validation measurements arepresented.


A convenient route to organogels templated by high internal phase emulsions has been developed. Key is the use of a waterborne polymer latex loaded with a multiple hydrogen bond (MHB) functionality that becomes disentangled and transfers across the oil-water interface forming a gel network in the oil phase via hydrogen bond interactions.


The reinforcement learning (RL) framework enables to construct controllers that try to find find an optimal control strategy in an unknown environment by trial-and-error. After selecting a control action, the controller receives a numerical reward. The reward signal is based on the current state of the environment and the applied control action. The controller aims to maximize the cumulative reward, known as the return. In this thesis actor-critic and criticonly RL algorithms are considered. Actor-critic algorithms consist of an element that selects the actions (the actor) and an element that learns the expectation of the return (the critic). This expectation is captured in a value function. The critic is used to improve the control policy of the actor. Critic-only algorithms select the action by direct optimization over a value function. Before a RL algorithm can be applied to a control problem, a number of learning parameters need to be set. The optimal values of some of these parameters are highly problem dependent. It is not straightforward how these parameters should be chosen and often these are often determined by trying a large set of parameters. The main focus of thesis is to devise an action selection method that is able to select continuous actions without problem dependent parameters. Two approaches are taken: first, it is investigated if Levenberg Marquardt (LM), a popular optimization method, can be used to determine the actor update step. Second, an action selection method is treated that lacks an explicit actor, called Value-Gradient Based Policy (VGBP). The LM algorithm uses the gradient and the Hessian to compute the update step. Therefore the policy gradient and Hessian need to be found. A novel actor-critic method has been devised, called Vanilla Actor-Critic (VAC), that efficiently learns the policy gradient. On the inverted pendulum swing-up task this algorithm outperformed Natural Actor-Critic (NAC). A number of different approaches have been taken to approximate the policy Hessian, but none delivered a proper Hessian estimate. Therefore, no LM actor update method was created. In VGBP the action is found by optimization of the right hand side of the Bellman equation. VGBP uses the provided reward function and a process model for this optimization. The process model is learned online using local linear regression (LLR). Due to the efficient use of information VGBP shows fast learning on the pendulum and a 2-DOF robotic arm.


Power-aware design space exploration at early electronic system level (ESL) is highly facilitated by virtual platforms. In order to define and exchange power models, the IEEE standard 1801-2015 -- UPF has been defined to allow developers, vendors and customers seamless usage of the same power models. However, one obstacle is still not covered by the standard: it is not specified and solved how to construct the model in the first place. This paper offers a solution to close this gap. A well proven semi-automatic black box ESL power estimation methodology [17], which allows to have power estimates with approximately 5% error, is combined with UPF. Although the standard is based on power state machines and requires another tracing method, a procedure is presented to overcome these differences. Representative case studies show that similar estimation accuracy can be achieved.


A supply chain is a set of facilities, supplies, customers, products and methods of controlling inventory, purchasing, and distribution. The chain links suppliers and customers, beginning with the production of raw material by a supplier, and ending with the consumption of a product by the customer. In a supply chain, the flow of goods between a supplier and customer passes through several stages, and each stage may consist of many facilities. In recent years, the supply chain network (SCN) design problem has been gaining importance due to increasing competitiveness introduced by the market globalization. Firms are obliged to maintain high customer service levels while at the same timethey are forced to reduce cost and maintain profit margins. The company whose supply chain network structure is more appropriate has higher competitive advantage. Propounding the supply chain because of its effect on factors of operational efficiency, such as inventory, response, and lead time, specific attention is focused on how to create a distribution network. The manager is confronted with more unknown conditions and new risks. Customers' demands have been more uncertain and various, and the lead time on their services is very effective. The demand variety can be recognized as one of the important sources of uncertainty in a supply chain. Moreover, operating cost and capacity of the facilities can also be uncertain those can vary depending on the situations. This research is presenting a new multi-objective optimization model for supply chain network design.For the first time, a novel mathematical model is presented considering cost and network flow time minimization as well as demand satisfaction level maximizationconsidering transient uncertainty. This problem is formulated as a four objective mixed-integer linear programming model with multiple products where not only demand but also associated costs are assumed to be uncertain. The uncertainty is incorporated as scenarioon the basis of historical data.The objective of the thesis is to provide strategic and tactical level decision on production rate, material flow rate and inventory level of different echelons.The objectives are achieved in such a way that total supply chain cost and networkflow time are minimized and demand satisfaction level and volume flexibility are maximized. To solve the model, a fast and elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) has been used in Matlab 2013a software after careful analysis of different evolutionary algorithms. This new optimization model is tested on a hypothetical example.The results show that the model is presenting the trade-off among different objective


Purpose – This paper aims to explore and describe the impact of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology on inventory accuracy within a production and assembly plant, and to propose a model for assessing the impact of the technology on inventory accuracy.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical investigation, based on case study research, focuses on an RFID implementation at a supplier of injection‐moulded, surface‐treated plastic to the automotive industry. This implementation is one of the few item‐level, open‐loop RFID implementations in the automotive industry.Findings – The empirical paper provides insights into, how inventory accuracy has been improved and made attainable in practice by implementing RFID, and indicates that the technology ensures inventory inaccuracy will be kept at a minimum. As a result, an analytical model is presented which identifies the impact of RFID technology on inventory accuracy.Research limitations/implications – The case study and context need to be considere...


The European Asphalt Pavement Association (EAPA), begun in 1973, has become a dynamic organization whose membership has more than doubled since the association's inception. The EAPA facilitates correspondence between its members regarding production of asphalt, maintenance, and other technical information and addresses global issues in the asphalt industry such as those relating to the environment, health and safety, technology, marketing, education and training. The organization's main objectives include ensuring the manufacture and use of high-quality asphalt, sustaining a positive and clear image of asphalt pavements and of the industry, and collecting and distributing data.


The method to avoid the belt resonance was studied in the course of the belt conveyor operation. The free vibration equation of the belt cross section was established regarding the belt as the orthotoropy rectangle sheet. The natural frequency computation experssion was deduced in belt boundary conditions SFSF,SFSC and SCSC for the plane belt,V shape belt and traugh shape belt,respectively. The calculating program basied on the searching method was compiled. The program can work out any nature frequency of the above three boundary conditions. A design method of avoiding belt resonance through increasing the idler diameter and decreasing the space between them was offered. An actual long distance belt conveyor was designed by this means,and the belt resonance of the conveyor was avoided in service.


The purpose of the research: to identify the areas of optimization of legal regulation of liability for space damage on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of international acts and legislation of foreign countries. Methods of research: To achieve the purpose of the study were used general and specific scientific (special). Among the latter, particular attention is paid to the use of the system approach and the comparative method. Results: At present, there are no studies in the Ukrainian legislation and legal science aimed at the comprehensive study of the issues of space law in the context of human rights. That is, the problem of the relationship between space law and human rights in the Ukrainian context is still not sufficiently investigated. However, for Ukraine, which is a "launching state" in the sense of international law, this issue is relevant. The study is one of the first attempts to study the issues of space law in the context of human rights, especially environmental ones. Therefore, the article focuses on the international legal aspects of liability for damage to human ecological rights, which can be caused by space objects. Discussion: The authors offer ways to optimize the legal regulation of liability for damage to human ecological rights, which can be caused by space objects and emphasize the peculiarities of responsibility "launching countries" in the context of protecting environmental human rights.


The invention discloses a vehicle start-up method which comprises the following steps: step S302, a first authentication of an ignition device is performed upon the comparison of the safety authentication information stored in the ignition device with the safety authentication information stored in a mobile communication module of the vehicle; step S304, under the condition that the ignition device passes the first authentication, the mobile communication module accesses to a mobile communication network and receives an authentication parameter sent by the mobile communication network; step S306, the mobile communication module transfers the authentication parameter to the ignition device, and the ignition device process the authentication parameter and feedbacks the processing result to the mobile communication network via the mobile communication module; and step S308, the mobile communication network performs the second authentication of the processing result, and the vehicle is started if the processing result passes the second authentication.


Abstract. Owing to the transverse wind, a laser beam drifts when transmitting in an atmospheric channel. The moving speed of the light spot image at the receiving end was deduced using cross-correlation algorithm. By establishing experiments with communication distances of 1.3 km and 100 km, the relationship between the transverse wind and the moving speed of the spot particle image on the optical transmission path was obtained. The results show that the correlation coefficients between the transverse wind and spot particle image moving speed are 0.92 and 0.83, respectively, which proves the feasibility of using the cross-correlation algorithm to obtain the transverse wind speed in atmospheric turbulence. And from this approach, the transverse wind speed and the wind vector moving image on the transmission path can be analyzed easily.


The twelve trace elements in the Tricholoma matsutake,including K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Pb,Cd,Co,Cr,Zn,Mn and Cu were determined simultaneously by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.The relative standard deviation of the method was 0.08%~2.32%,and the recovery was 97.1%~108.3%.The analytical results were satisfactory.Results showed that there were high level of K,Na,Ca,Mg and a little harmful elements Cd,Pb in the three kinds of Tricholoma matsutake samples,and other six trace elements which had benefit of human were also rich.


We discuss Kπ scattering, using a low-energy-dominated sum rule derived from the SU(3)⊗SU(3) algebra of currents, assuming the pionic and the kaonic pole dominance hypotheses. The exact validity of the latter assumptions implies a much larger S-wave Kπ scattering in the I=½ channel than in the I=3/2 channel. The use of the current-algebra scattering lengths for threshold elastic Kπ scattering suggests that this discrimination is due to a scalar I=½ resonance. If this is the κ(725), a width ≥28±2 MeV is predicted. If, however, the error in kaonic pole dominance is greater than 30%, the existence of the κ would not be required.


Multikinase inhibitors have become first‐line agents for treatment of multiple systemic cancers. These agents are very effective but can also cause a variety of toxicities affecting the skin, hair, and nails. One of the most common reactions is the hand–foot skin reaction, distinct from hand–foot syndrome caused by more traditional chemotherapy agents. All of these cutaneous reactions can negatively affect patients' quality of life and can lead to dose modifications and treatment interruptions. This article reviews the cutaneous toxicities from sorafenib and sunitinib with emphasis on treatment strategies.


This paper proposes a improvement of a common key block cipher, HyRAL[1], which has 128bits block length and supports key length of 128, 192, and256bits. It has a 4way generalized Feistel Structure of 24 rounds for 128bits key length, and 32 rounds for 192, 256, bits key length. The rounds are consists of G1,F2,F1,G2 functions which have 4-round Feistel structure to make the cryptanalysis hard. We have evaluated its upper bounds of Maximum Differential (Linear) Characteristic Probability[2], and the cipher guarantee enough strength against Differential (Linear) attack. The round functions are composed of 8-bit s-box based on the inverse function on GF (2^8) a MDS matrix. round key XOR addition and byte oriented permutation.


The idea that feminists are anti-sex and pro-censorship is a staple in U.S. popular culture, especially in postfeminist accounts of the women's movement. But that misconception, as Bronstein notes ...


The assignment of the splitting of the ν(CO) mode in cyclopentanone is reassessed through an extensive vibrational study, including temperature and solvent variation studies, isotopic substitution, and ab initio calculations of monomer and dimer structures and spectra. The results show that the assignment of the splitting of the ν(CO) mode to Fermi resonance is based on several of erroneous observations, and present strong experimental evidence of molecular association through CH···O hydrogen bonding.


We investigate the role played by quantum operator ordering in the correlations that characterize two-photon polarization Bell measurements. The Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) criterion is investigated in the normal ordering imposed by the photodetection theory and in the symmetric ordering that constitutes the standard prescription for building Hermitian operators from products of noncommuting observables. The two approaches are obtained in a single theoretical framework, where operator ordering is directly associated with the representation used for the density matrix.Moreover, this discussion can be recast in terms of the contribution given by the vacuum fluctuations to the detected signals. We also envisage possible detection schemes sensitive to these fluctuations with recent technological developments.


The rainfall over the Sudan is mainly controlled by the distribution of the pressure systems within and adjacent to the African continent. During the winter, north-easterly trade winds blow over the country and they are very dry except on the Red Sea coast. In the Summer, the winds over the Sudan are south \'feSterlies and they are associated with all the summer rains over t·he country. The distribution of the annual rainfall is fai:rly simple, and decreases steadily from south to north. Some local complications are imposed by various upland areas and the Sudd region, together with the effects of the line squalls in the central Sudan. The pattern of the monthly and seasonal rainfall is similar to the annual conditions in its simplicity and response to the local topographical effects. Excluding the Red Sea region, seven rainy seasons can be recognized. However, July, August and September can be considered as the general rainy season, whilst the Red Sea coastal area is the only part of the country that experiences winter rains. Variability of rainfall tends to decrease both southwards and with the advance of the rainy season. A multiple regression analysis shows that the latitude, longitude, distance inland from the south west border and the relief factor, explain almost 93% of the annual rainfall over the Sudan. The latitude and the distance inland are the most important contributors, each of which tends to dominate the country during a certain part of the year. They are succeeded in importance by the relief factor, while the line squalls influence appears to be very insignificant.


The present invention discloses a inhibitors and their preparation and use in a hydrocarbon well for sulfate scale. And each component contained in the inhibitor inhibitor component comprises by weight percentage: 35% polycarboxylic acid polymer to 45%; 25% polyaspartate to 35%; HPMA 10% to 15%; 2- imidazoline thiol 15% to 20%; sodium ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic 2% to 5%. Inhibitor of the invention is a liquid; good for BaSO4 and SrSO4 scale inhibition effect; containing a low amount of the phosphine component readily biodegradable, environmental performance; wide temperature range, using temperatures up to 100 ℃.


In this work, we have characterized the variability of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 12 (LRP12) and apolipoprotein D (APOD) genes in pigs. The porcine LRP12 and APOD genes map to a QTL on SSC4 influencing serum triglyceride concentration at 190 days and to a SSC13 QTL with effects on high density lipoprotein (HDL) serum levels at 45 days, respectively. Sequencing of the coding region of pig LRP12 showed that it encodes a protein with five cysteine-rich LDL-receptor class A domains that are typical of molecules binding LDL. We have also found four synonymous mutations at C516T, C771T, A780G and A1110G. Analysis of the pig APOD amino acid sequence evidenced the existence of a lipocalin domain typical of proteins binding small hydrophobic molecules. So far, we have not found any polymorphism in the pig APOD gene.


Measurement of coupling loss using step-index multimode fiber connections that are used in multi-gigabit optical communication systems must be accurate and precise to meet rigorous system specifications. We propose a launch light design for performing coupling loss measurement with reproducibility for step-index plastic cladding silica fibers. In the proposed design, the modal power distribution of the launch light is represented by the encircled angular flux (EAF). Specifically, the lower-order mode and the higher-order mode sides of the EAF boundary conditions were systematically calculated. The EAF boundary conditions were designed using our developed flowchart, which is composed of an optical model design, a performance review, and a model redesign based on the equilibrium mode distribution obtained from round-robin tests. The validity of the EAF boundary conditions was confirmed by optical design computing simulation and experiment. Under practical conditions wherein the misalignment range of a fiber connection is 40 μm or less in the lateral direction offset and 100 μm or less in the axial direction offset, the EAF boundary conditions of the launch light were determined such that the connection loss was 2.0 dB or less and the variation in loss due to modal power distribution variations was ±0.20 dB or less. The use of the launch light that meets the determined EAF boundary conditions allows for sufficient measurement reproducibility in verifying that the connection losses meet the system requirements. The alignment tolerance thus achieved is suitable for practical purposes.


Using the methods of literature data and logical reasoning to analysis the current situation of China's air quality. Through atmospheric pollutants basic items, to analysis the effects of various components on the exerciser and combine air quality and the effect of exercise to point out two errors about present exercise: First, most of exercise locations are the city center parks, streets, roads, vehicles concentrated areas; second, people often choose morning to take exercise when gather more pollutants near the ground. And through the air quality improvement, selecting exercise location and time scientifically, universal professional knowledge, to give suggestions. The purpose: to make people exercise more scientific and improve health.


The study aims at describing the effectiveness of cooperative learning model of STAD type with SAVI-CTL approach in Mathematics learning to Class VII students at SMPN 2 Bontonompo Selatan in Gowa District. The study is pre-experiment research. The populations were all class VII students at SMPN 2 Bontonompo Selatan in Gowa District. The sample was class VII.C as the experiment class chosen by employing simple random sampling technique. Data collections were students' learning result, students' activities during the learning process, and students' responses on the implementation of learning model. Data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis and inferensial analysis. The results of the study reveal that the students' learning result in Mathematics is in high category with the mean 81.17 and deviation standard 6.64, the classical completeness level is 88%, the mean of normalized gain of learning result is in high category, students' activities in learning are in Tended to be Active category with the mean 3.28, and students' responses on the implementation of cooperative model of STAD type with SAVI-CTL approach is in positive category with the mean 3.55. In general, the conclusion is the cooperative model of STAD type with SAVI-CTL approach is effective to be applied in Mathematics learning to Class VII Students at SMPN 2 Bontonompo Selatan in Gowa District.


Pellets of radioactive waste were solidified in the drum using a solidifying agent [composed of (a) alk. silicate soln. contg. below 80 wt.% of water, (b) hardening agent for alk. silicate soln. i.e. inorg. phosphor compds. of formula MOm/2.nP2O5 (where M=Si, metal, m=valency, n=0.1-0.7) and (c) absorbent i.e. cement that absorbs water formed from hardening rxn. as a cryst. water . The method satisfying Y=AX+B, where Y=eluted P2O5 (mg/ 100ml) in sample soln., A=av. hydrolysis rate (above 0.2), X=elapsed time (min) of sample soln. (inorg. phosphor compds. 1g in 4N NaOH 100ml) within 120 min and B=initial eluting amts. (below 250).


this work is concentrated on study of parameters which affect CMOS inverter switching speed. The switching speed is studied depending on the transient parameters which are the rise time and the fall time of an output pulse of the inverter. The transient parameters change according to design parameters of inverter like load capacitance, and channel width per length ratio. Three different studies have been performed to analyze the transient parameters of CMOS inverter. The output voltage fall time for a CMOS inverter is explored in first study. The design of CMOS inverter having symmetrical output voltage with equal rise time and fall time is described in second study. A CMOS inverter with improved symmetrical output voltage with equal rise time and fall time and equal delays when switching from high to low and when switching from low to high is explored in third study. A vision of a hybrid device based on integrating CMOS inverter and RRAM is developed to put a step in the way of merging logic unit and non-volatile memory.


Based on the theory of multi-body dynamic, a front Macpherson s us pension multibody model is established in this paper. Using design of experiment s, a sensitivity analysis method of the kinematic response of Macpherson Suspens ion is developed. The experimental design techniques enable us to gain an unders tanding of the relationships between a set of system responses and a set of fact ors and to isolate those factors which are highly important from those which are negligible. Through the optimum design, the optimized suspension is obtained.


Applications in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) mode, use distributed resources to perform functions in a decentralized way. These applications facilitate the transport of multimedia contents with scalable features, which adapt to the network and receiver conditions, reaching a very high number of participants with the best possible quality. The distribution of video information on Internet Protocol (IP) networks, whether pre-recorded or transmitted in real-time, is becoming more frequent, both due to the quality improvements provided by the latest codecs, As well as to the increase of bandwidth of the access networks and also to the processing capacity of the terminal devices. These applications where the dissemination of content is carried out cooperatively by us (typically) anonymous participants, raises security concerns, in particular aspects related to the integrity and confidentiality of content, as well as authentication and access control of the various Stakeholders. With this work we intend to study and develop a security mechanism that allows to guarantee the identification of Peers through the registration process, which will give access to authentication and future authorization to the system, based on the normative specifications of the Peer-to-Peer Streaming Protocol (PPSP) of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), ensuring the security of the transmitted content and the access control, of the participants of the session, the confidentiality and its availability.


Several analyses that investigate heat transfer in the Area-A beam window were conducted. It was found that the Area-A window should be able to withstand the 1-mA, 3-cm beam of the accelerator production of tritium materials test, but that the margins to failure are small. It was also determined that when the window is subjected to the 1-mA, 3-cm beam, the inner window thermocouples should read higher than the current temperature limit of 900{degrees}C, although it is possible that the thermocouples may fail before they reach these temperatures. Another finding of this study was that the actual beam width before April 1997 was 20 to 25% greater than the harp-wire printout indicated. Finally, the effect of a copper-oxide layer on the window coolant passage was studied. The results did not indicate the presence of a large copper-oxide layer; however, the results were not conclusive.


The fatigue design of offshore structures normally uses wave and wind fatigue loading. Currently, fatigue analyses for fatigue damage accumulation assessments of this type of structure are based on...


As a train gains speed, its kinetic energy and the heat energy produced in its breaking process increase greatly. The huge heat load produced by braking of the brake discs strongly affects the braking efficiency. Weak convective heat transfer on the surfaces of brake discs leads to various thermal cracks and braking failure. Convective heat transfer on the surfaces of brake discs is thus an important process that affects the performance of brake discs. There have been few studies on convective heat transfer on the surface of brake discs, and the models used in the reported investigations do not reasonably match the real working conditions of the brake discs. It is well known that the models determine the fluid flow, and the fluid flow determines the convective heat transfer. It is thus difficult to apply the reported results to the real design of brake discs. Against this background, the main contributions of the present paper are the establishing of a flow model reasonably matches the actual working conditions of brake discs and the measurement of local and average convection heat transfer characteristics. To establish the model, in the experimental process the brake discs were drawn by rolling wheels that rolled on a circular orbit. To obtain the convection heat transfer characteristics, the analogy of the naphthalene sublimation technique of heat/mass transfer is adopted. The local Nusselt number on the surface of a brake disc decreases along the radius because convective heat transfer is mainly enforced by fluid flow induced by the brake disc. Because of the weaker effect of the ground surface, the average Nusselt number for the surface of a break disc is larger than that of a rotating disk in cross flow at the same Reynolds number. The average Nusselt number for the surface of a brake disc is larger than that for a rolling wheel at the same Reynolds number. The correlations of the local and average Nusselt numbers with the Reynolds number are established.


Background Despite the agreement on the significance of the relationship between the C-reactive protein (CRP) and depression, research results have been discrepant by gender. Objective We attempted to address this uncertainty via a generalized additive model and more carefully analyzed the shape of the CRP–depression relationship in terms of sex. Methods This is a secondary data analysis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2017–2020) data targeting 1,581 obese middle-aged adults (40–70 years, 51.4% women) with CRP ≤ 10 mg/L. The study outcome was depression severity, assessed by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Several models were built, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. The value of the effective degree of freedom (EDF) quantifies curvature of the relationship. The threshold effect was investigated using a two-piecewise linear regression model, when needed. Results Among men, an increasing linear pattern was found (EDF ≈ 1). Contrastingly among women, the EDF value was > 2 in all unadjusted and adjusted models, indicating the smooth (curved) association. The threshold level affected the association pattern particularly for women, among whom the depression severity related to CRP significantly increased as the CRP level increased to an inflection point of 3.6 mg/L but decreased thereafter. Discussion Assuming linearity for the CRP association with depression may not be appropriate for middle-aged obese women. Although we do not claim to provide a definite method of assessing the CRP–depression relationship, we hope to offer a different perspective when exploring this relationship. Thus, the results should be interpreted cautiously, and future studies on this topic should replicate this approach with generalized additive models.


Abstract In Kant's Critique of Pure Reason and the Method of Metaphysics (CUP 2023), I argue that the first Critique is not only a 'propaedeutic' to metaphysics, but actually already establishes parts of metaphysics. These parts belong to what Kant calls transcendental philosophy. Additionally, I also provide an account of Kant's critique of dogmatism and Wolff as its main defender. In this paper, I take up Luigi Filieri's and Davide Dalla Rosa's invitation to further develop my characterization of transcendental philosophy and I respond to Michael Walschots's objections against my interpretation of Kant's critique of Wolff's dogmatism.


Around four out of ten nurses have not received an annual appraisal in the past year, preliminary findings from the RCN's employment survey show.


In many engineering applications, vibrations are a very typical type of disturbances. Due to this, different technologies have been developed in order to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) the potential negative impact they may incur on mechanical systems. In this sense, great efforts have been done in devising new vibration control methodologies in recent years.


Jeremy Bentham, the father of modern utilitarianism, ranks among the most influential nineteenth century philosophers. Michael Quinn's (2019) essay, "Bentham on Preventive Policing", is a reminder that, in addition, Bentham pioneered what we now call "policy analysis." In so doing, the Quinn essay illustrates that policy analysis, at its best, can also be path breaking scholarship. In this response to Quinn's excellent essay, I have attempted to demonstrate how Bentham's revolutionary ideas about social justice remain as important today as they were two centuries ago.


A novel mineral-containing composition on the based superabsorbent polymer hydrogel network was synthesized through chemical crosslinking by radical copolymerization of acrylamide (AA) and acrylic acid (AAc), N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker and OXRED system: ammonium persulfate - N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMED) as initiator. The montmorillonite modified by silver particles was used as filler. Influence of filler dispersion, silver concentration, synthesis conditions of a polymeric matrix on sorption characteristics of wound coverings was studied. The water absorption capacity of the hydrogel was in the range of 150 - 200g/g after immersion in distilled water for 48 h. The enhanced thermal stability of the hydrogel composition was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The structures of the copolymers were confirmed by FTIR. Furthermore, antimicrobial and prolonged actions of acrylic polymer nanocomposites with silver ions were studied. The results showed that the hydrogel mineral-containing composite could be considered as a potential wound-dressing material.


Preliminary studies were performed on some vocational training institutes (LPK) obtained information that hasn't been assessment guidelines for assessing man pajamas products. This study aims to produce a learning evaluation instrument that can be used as a standard / reference in assessing the learning outcomes of students in the form of man pajamas products. The learning evaluation instrument of man pajamas is the assessment format of man pajamas products which arranged in detail, and there are criterias for the assessment parts of man pajamas products. The method used in this study through the stages of introduction study, making of learning evaluation instrument, validity test and the revision stage. The feasibility of the use of learning evaluation instrument is known from the validity of the test results from matter experts and evaluation expert. The test results showed that the validity of the learning evaluation instrument of man pajamas which has been made are included in category "feasible" to be used by the average percentage of 100% of the matter experts and 94.58% of the evaluation expert. The learning evaluation instrument of man pajamas has been made this expected to become the standard reference (standard) in assessing student learning outcomes are man pajamas products at various institutions / agencies and educational training.


1. The effect of close shearing upon the respiratory frequency of ewes at ambient temperature of 20° C and 55% relative humidity has been described.


The Trinity River in Dallas (drainage area of 6,100 square miles at Dallas) has experienced dramatic change over the past century, with the most rapid and extensive changes occurring during the construction of the original Dallas Floodway project in the late-1920s and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) reconstruction of the floodway in the mid-1950s. The City of Dallas is currently designing the Trinity Lakes Project based on the objectives and conceptual design developed in the Balanced Vision Plan (BVP) for the Trinity River Corridor (City of Dallas 2003). The project includes significant physical changes to the channel and floodway including restoration of channel meanders, creation of a mid-channel island or oxbow lake, alterations to channel geometry, and construction of two lakes in the floodway adjacent to the channel. One of the key success criteria for this project is the creation of a realigned channel with enhanced aesthetic, recreational, and habitat features that are sustainable through time and in relation to other features of the project in the floodway. Given the dynamic nature typical of alluvial river channels such as the Trinity, achieving this criterion poses significant challenges during the design process. The purpose of this paper is to summarize hydrologic and geomorphic assessments conducted to document and quantify historical and ongoing channel and floodway change. In addition, we present a design process that combines these historical analyses with approaches from landscape architecture and state-of-the art hydraulic and sediment transport modeling to translate the Balanced Vision for the Trinity Lakes project into the most sustainable detailed design possible for the site.


A computational method developed by Jacobson is used for solving quantized control problems. At each iteration, the system equations are integrated forward in time using the current nominal control, and accessory equations, which yield the changes in the switch times of the optimal control, are integrated in reverse to obtain an improved control. This improved control is then used as the new nominal control for the next iteration. By continued iteration, the procedure produces control functions which successively improve the approximation to the optimal control function,


The financial innovation system is one important part of the national financial system and plays a great role in harmonious development of finance and economy. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is employed in empirical efficiency measurement of the financial innovation systems of thirty seven countries and regions in the world. It is shown that market-based financial systems are more favorable to financial innovation systems than bank-based financial systems; if financial outputs and economic outputs want to be increased, input of financial innovation system should be increased in developing countries with high growth and undeveloped finance.


to bedside via a suitable hook, nail or "what have you". For over twenty years I have been continually surprised at the heavy tug that has been necessary to operate the switch, a tug that has seemed grossly in excess of anything that the normal laws of friction could add to the dainty touch usually sufficient to operate the switch. No doubt many readers of this note will have experienced the same sickening sensation of pulling the string from a wellsnuggled-down position in bed on a frosty night and feeling it snap while the light goes on shining, unblinkingly and sardonically as one scrambles out into the chill to operate the switch manually. The solution to the problem came to me recently, here in exile in India, where the situation is complicated by mosquito nets. I suddenly realised how the triangle of forces could be combined with the Indian Rope Trick to turn a small tension into a large one at right angles to it and avoid once and for all the disappointments caused by the snapping of over-frayed string.


Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a rare group of cancers with heterogeneous behavior and mostly of unknown aetiology. Excluding some infrequent hereditary cancer syndromes, the extent and clinical significance of mutations in other cancer predisposing genes (CPG) are not known. We aimed to investigate the frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic germline variants (GPV) in known CPGs in young adults with NEN and the clinical and molecular characteristics of these patients. We recruited 108 patients with lung or digestive NEN diagnosed between 18 to 50 years and performed targeted sequencing of 113 CPGs on germline DNA. For some patients, tumor features as loss of heterozygosity (LOH), tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability were evaluated. GPVs were detected in 17 patients (15.7%). Median age, sex, stage at diagnosis, family history of NEN or any personal history of neoplasm were similar between patients with or without GPVs. GPVs carriers had more gastric (p = 0.084), functioning NEN (p = 0.041), positive family history of cancer (p = 0.015), and exclusively well-differentiated histology. Genes affected were mostly involved in DNA repair (CHEK2, ERCC2, ERCC3, XPC, MSH6, POLE, SLX4), with most GPV found in MUTYH (4 cases). LOH was performed in 8 tumors and detected only in a SLX4 positive case. Overall, our findings indicate a role of inherited genetic alterations, particularly in DNA repair genes, in NENs carcinogenesis in young adults. These patients more often had a family history of cancer and functioning NEN.


Governments worldwide cannot collect the required tax revenue for their planned activities. This study aims to assess how inefficient VAT audit function and related factors affect tax revenue performance in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. The study used primary data sources from 377 VAT registered taxpayers in Amhara Region. It also used the Ability to Pay theory of taxation, structural equation model, path diagram, and multiple regression with SPSS/AMOS software for data analysis to identify the relationship between VAT audit and tax revenue performance. Even though the Amhara Region has revenue potential to cover its expenditures, because of inefficient VAT audit functions, poor system of tax education, lack of tax resources, and long time served tax rate, the tax revenue performance is inefficient. The study assured that VAT audit and tax education significantly affect tax revenue performance. The scarcity of resources for the VAT audit function is a critical problem. Even if the existed technology networked up to woreda levels, tax auditors did not use this system appropriately. Long-time-served tax rates also greatly influence tax revenue performance. The study recommended that there should be a chain mentor relationship between experienced auditors to new and ineffective auditors. The government should supply appropriate technology that is simple to use and quickly detect tax evasion. The existed tax rate and the system of tax education should be revised. The above findings are essential for taxpayers, policymakers, and tax authorities to understand, analyze, and use the main causes of VAT audit problems on tax revenue performance.


Introduction Bone-patella tendon-bone (BPTB) grafts are widely used for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Experimental data have demonstrated that these grafts are almost 3 times stiffer than the ACL. (1,2) While many in-vivo and in-vitro data demonstrated that the ACL reconstruction is efficient in restoring anterior stability using anterior drawer tests, recent in-vivo measurement on ACL reconstructed patients showed that the tibial rotation was over corrected after ACL reconstruction indicating an over-constrained knee. Many factors, such as graft fixation and orientation, initial graft tension, and stiffness of the graft material influence the post-operative stability of the knee. However, few data are available describing the effect of these variables on knee joint function under physiological loading conditions. This study investigated the effect of graft stiffness and initial graft tension on knee joint kinematics under simulated anterior and muscle loading using a validated, 3D finite element knee joint model.


In recent years, network bandwidth requirements have scaled multiple folds, pushing the need for the development of data exchange mechanisms at 100 Gb/s and beyond. High performance computing, climate modeling, large-scale storage, and collaborative scientific research are examples of applications that can greatly benefit by leveraging high bandwidth capabilities of the order of 100 Gb/s. Such requirements and advances in IEEE Ethernet standards, Optical Transport Unit4 (OTU4), and host-system interconnects demand a network infrastructure supporting throughput rates of the order of 100 Gb/s with a single wavelength. To address such a demand Acadia Optronics in collaboration with the University of New Mexico, proposed and developed a end-system Network Interface Controller (NIC) for the 100Gbps WANs. Acadia's 100G NIC employs an FPGA based system with a high-performance processor interconnect (PCIe 3.0) and a high capacity optical transmission link (CXP) to provide data transmission at the rate of 100 Gbps.


THE present Constitution, which was enacted on November 8, 1946 l and based on the Potsdam Declaration of July 26, 1045, obviously aims at the establishment of a democratic re'gime in Japan. There are two guiding principles which characterise the Constitution, that is, pacifism and the principle of democratic government. The ideal of pacifism or of the renunciation of war is declared in the preamble and Article 9 of the Constitution, while the principle of democratic government is embodied in a series of constitutional arrangements such as the provision of popular sovereignty.