Ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) cantilever actuator demonstrates significant bending deformation upon application of excitation voltage across electrodes without external load. In the present work, the non-contact digital image correlation (DIC) and a digital microscope were used to investigate the micro-scale displacement and strain distributions on the cross section of the actuator under excitation voltages, according to the low mass and film properties of IPMC material. The target surface of the fabricated IPMC sample with Pt electrodes was roughened with fine sandpapers to prepare an appropriate speckled surface. The experimental results indicate that longitudinal normal strain is linearly distributed along the thickness direction and strain gradient of longitudinal normal strain varies linearly with electric field. The longitudinal and transverse normal strains decrease with the increase of the frequency of the excitation voltage. Moreover, due to water loss of the sample in air, the IPMC actuator demonstrates contractive deformation when exposed in the air. The micro scale DIC technique has been proved to have excellent accuracy over a large range of strains, thus is very powerful for mechanical analysis of IPMC materials.


[ANGLES] This study shows that it is possible to fabricate lenses with a very small diameter by depositing and melting the photoresist layer on a glass substrate. Thermal Reflow technique has been used to melt the top surface of lens and thus convex lenses have been developed in the form of spheres having diameter ranging from 50 - 175?m of thickness 10?m each. We present a study of melted microlens arrays and it concentrates on the production and measurement of microlens arrays. We explain the mechanism of fabricating microlens arrays and study their optical properties.


Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgerySurgical and Interventional UltrasoundIntraoperative Ultrasonography in Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic SurgerySurgical Management of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic DisordersHepatobiliary CancerCurrent Trends in Digestive UltrasonographyHepatobiliary and Pancreatic RadiologyVideo Atlas of Intraoperative Applications of Near Infrared Fluorescence ImagingLiver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary SurgeryBiliary LithiasisAbdominal Imaging E-BookDiagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound in Pediatrics and Pediatric SurgeryOperative Ultrasound of the Liver and Biliary DuctsEvidence Based Practices in Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary SurgeryOperative UltrasonographyOperative Solutions in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryClinical UltrasoundPitfalls and Complications in the Diagnosis and Management of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic DiseasesPrinciples of Hepatic SurgeryUltrasound-Guided Liver SurgeryPancreaticobiliary MaljunctionDiagnostic Radiology: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary ImagingAbdominal Ultrasound for SurgeonsAtlas of Upper Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary SurgeryIntraoperative and Laparoscopic UltrasonographyMaster Techniques in Surgery: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe SAGES Manual of Biliary SurgeryFluorescent ImagingHepatocellular CarcinomaIntraoperative Ultrasonography in HepatoBiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryHepatobiliary CancerLaparoscopic Liver, Pancreas, and Biliary Surgery, Textbook and Illustrated Video AtlasBlumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Pancreas and Biliary Tract E-BookHepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery E-BookImaging in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic DiseaseOperative UltrasonographyUltrasonography of the PancreasAbdominal Intraoperative UltrasonographyLiver Research and Clinical ManagementTextbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology E-Book


Field tests have been carried out on a semi-technological pilot plant for treating surface water from the Danube for the purpose of enriching the groundwater in the Marchfeld plain. The 12-month test scheme aimed at studying the seasonal quality changes of the raw water and their effects on the various stages of the treatment plant. Particular attention was given to the requirements of reliable operation and maintenance of drinking water quality in the outlet.


Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has spread rapidly both to community and to nosocomial settings and became a challenge to public health. HIV-infected patients have higher nasal colonization prevalence rates than HIV-uninfected patients. HIV infection appears to be highly associated with the pattern of persistent MRSA colonization. There are many reports showing that MRSA-colonized individuals have higher chances of developing infection. The aims of this study were to assess the frequency and the factors associated with MRSA nasal colonization, to characterize genotypically the MRSA strains and to determine the pattern of nasal colonization (intermittent or persistent) considering the epidemiological and genotypic data in HIV-infected children, adolescents and young adults. This observational and longitudinal study was conducted at the AIDS outpatient clinics of Antonio Pedro University Hospital and Federal Civil Servants Hospital, Rio de Janeiro, from February 2012 to August 2013. The study included 117 HIV-infected patients aged zero to 24 years enrolled in a convenience sampling. A sample of nasal secretion was collected at three months intervals (±1.5 months) during one year after enrolling in the study, totalizing five samples for each patient. Samples were collected by gently rotating a sterile swab in each of the anterior nares. Five hundred and thirty samples were collected, 57 of which were MRSA-positive. All MRSA-positive samples were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of resistance (mecA), and pathogenicity genes (lukS-PV and lukF-PV). The staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec Staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mec) was typed by multiplex PCR. The clonal characterization of MRSA was made by Multiloccus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Spa-typing. The frequencies of S. aureus and MRSA nasal colonization were 83.8% (98/117) and 27.4% (32/117), respectively. The pattern of colonization analysis showed 40.6% (13/32) of persistent and 56.4% (19/32) of intermittent carriers. In the bivariate analysis, household crowding with five or more cohabitants was associated with MRSA colonization [OR=2.72 (IC95%=1.69-6.37)] and with the pattern of persistent colonization [OR=3.73 (IC95%=1.24-11.17)]. The level of HIV-related immunodeficiency was not associated with colonization (p=0.513) or with pattern of MRSA colonization (p=0.315). MRSA was observed in 32 subjects, of whom 29 (90.6%) harbored SCCmecIV, usually associated with CA-MRSA. The predominant Spa-typing and MLST clones found in persistent and intermittent carriers were t002/ST5 in 19 of 57 samples (33.3%) and t318/ST30 in 18 of 57 samples (31.6%). This study highlights the importance of the household crowding as a risk factor for colonization and for the pattern of persistent MRSA nasal colonization, independently of the level of HIV-related immunodeficiency


Chronic wounds create a substantial burden to patients and health care professionals, affecting 1.8 million new patients per year and costing $25 billion annually. The majority of chronic wounds occur in the elderly. Key features associated with age‐related impairment of wound healing include limited energy and nutrient exchange, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diminished blood flow. Ketone bodies, including β‐Hydroxybutyrate (βHB), are naturally occurring energy substrates. We previously reported that oral ketone supplementation without dietary restriction enhanced wound closure and increased blood flow in young and aged Fisher rats. We hypothesized that improved wound closure was due to a ketone‐induced favorable shift in metabolic parameters and a decrease in ROS production. Following a 28‐day administration of oral ketone supplements in young rats, serum was analyzed by Metabolon using GC/MS. Ketone supplementation significantly increased TCA cycle intermediates, antioxidants carnosine and anserine and significantly increased adenosine. Experiments in vitro with young and aged primary human dermal fibroblasts supplemented with 5mM βHB for 72 hours prior to an oxidative stimulus (100mM tert‐butyl‐hydrogen peroxide), resulted in a significant decrease in cytosolic (young and aged (p=<0.0001)) and mitochondrial (young and aged (p<0.0001)) ROS production and significantly enhanced cell migration. We conclude that ketone supplementation given in vivo and in vitro alters antioxidant status and blood metabolites associated with enhanced wound closure.


Material science research in the soft-X ray regime at the Swiss Light Source accommodates five beamlines where the monochromators rely on in-vacuum angular encoders for positioning mirror and gratings. Despite the factory-calibration of the quadrature signals from these rotary encoders, the energy linearization for spectroscopic data requires accurate calibration of the encoder quadrature signals. We characterize the interpolation errors and describe the Heydemann correction algorithm for the quadrature signals for improving the energy linearization on a scale comparable with the incremental encoder interpolation interval. Experimental data are shown where such errors produce sizeable effects in soft-X ray spectroscopy and for which the correction algorithm efficiently improves the short-range non-linearity.


Objective
To investigate the expression and prognostic significance of Interleukin-36α (IL-36α) in colorectal cancer.

Methods
The expression of IL-36α was tested by immunohistochemical staining in 329 cases of colorectal cancer. According to the intensity and the proportion of positive tumor cells, all the patients were divided into IL-36α low and high expression groups. The clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients between IL-36α low high expression groups were compared.

Results
Significant differences were observed in the number of patients in tumor differentiation and pM classification between patients in the IL-36α low and high expression groups (P<0.05). The 5-year overall and tumor-free survival rates of patients were 79.3% and 77.2% in IL-36α low expression group, and 66.3% and 65.3% in IL-36α high expression group (P<0.05). COX proportional hazard regression model revealed that high expression of IL-36α was associated with short overall survival time and tumor-free survival time of colorectal cancer patients (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified IL-36α expression in colorectal cancer as an independent prognosticator (P<0.05).

Conclusions
High expression of IL-36α was correlated with tumor differentiation and pM classification of colorectal cancers, and it is an independent predictor of poor survival for patients with colorectal cancer.

Key words:
Interleukin-1/AA/ME; Colorectal neoplasms/ME; Prognosis


A bioacoustic sensor assembly is described including a transducer generating an acoustic signal and an actuator configured to deform a portion of the transducer to increase a signal-to-noise ratio of the acoustic signal. The disclosure also provides methods and systems for reducing the impact of noise vibrations at the transducer.


There is hardly a child who crosses the threshold of a school who does not carry with them a reservoir of trauma. Whether this pain is the size of a pencil case, knapsack, or duffel bag, the odds are that some degree of trauma is present and that it hurts.


Objective To investigate the risk factors that may be associated with colorectal polyps.Methods Patients who underwent complete colonoscopy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital endoscopy center between June 1,2012 and May 31,2013 were enrolled into this study.These patients were divided into polyps group and normal control group.Each case undertook the same questionnaire about their general situation and endoscopic polyps performance.The data were statistically analyzed by using SAS 9.2.Results Totally 106 colorectal polyps patients were enrolled into the polyps group and 383 normal persons were enrolled into control group.Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Age(OR = 1.343,95% CI: 1.063-1.697),family history of cancer(OR =3.013,95%CI: 1.675-5.419) and high proportion of red meat intake(OR =1.650,95%CI: 1.085-2.509) were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps.Adenomatous polyps was easier to be detected in male than in female(P 0.05) and the proportion of patients with adenomatous polyps increased with age(P 0.05).Conclusion Age,family history of cancer and high proportion of red meat intake are independent risk factors for colorectal polyps,while high proportion of fresh fruits and vegetables intake are protective factors.Elderly male patients may have increase risk to occur adenomatous polyps.Risk factors questionnaire is useful in screening for colorectal tumors.


Objective To investigate the effect of cholinesterase inhibitor on endotoxin-induced brain injury in rabbits.Methods Twenty-one healthy male rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups ( n = 7each):group sham operation (group S),lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and cholinesterase inhibitor (tacrine hydrochloride,THA) group.LPS 200 μg/kg was intracerebroventricularly injected in LPS group,LPS 200μg/kgand tacrine hydrochloride 150 μg/kg were injected in THA group,while same volume of normal saline was injected in S group.Then blood and tissue samples were collected in different groups after 4 hours.Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activity of brain tissues was determined by using Western blot analysis.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The brain tissue's myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and the ratio of wet to dry weight (W/D) were also analyzed.Results As compared with S group,TNF-α level in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues,NF-κB p65 level,MPO activity and W/D ratio increased in LPS and THA groups (P < 0.05).When compared with LPS group,TNF-α level in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues,NF-κB p65 level,MPO activity and W/D ratio decreased in THA group ( P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Cholinesterase inhibitor can attenuate the endotoxin-induced brain injury through inhibiting local inflammatory responses.

Key words:
Cholinesterase inhibitors; Endotoxemia; Brain injuries


In waste water treatment plant using biological tre atment, the treatment efficiency strongly depends o n the biomass concentration which controls the mass transfer in t he bioreactor for activated sludge and the level of membrane separation for membrane bioreactor. This study shows the possibility of determining the total suspende d solids concentration in a short time on activated sludge p rocess or membrane bioreactor using density measurement for urban and industrial effluent. A linear relationshi p between density and total suspended solids concen tration is obtained with a high value of R 2 (between 0.924 and 0.9996). The influence of the d ensity-meter measurement modes (fast and slow equilibrium mode), clearly shows tha t the fast equilibrium mode is adjusted for biomass which can easily settled in the measuring cell. If a very goo d relation is obtained for each WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant), a general linear relation which is determined only for urban effluent and three WWTP is given to deter mine the total suspended solids concentration without calibration by measuring its density at 20 ° C.


Maurice Crosland is the author of Science under Control (Cambridge University Press, 1992), a study of the Academy of Sciences in the nineteenth century, and of several other institutional studies. In 1997 he became an emeritus professor at the University of Kent at Canterbury. Marcos Cueto is an associate researcher at the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, in Lima. In 1997 he published El Regreso de las Epidemias: Salud y sociedad en el Peru' del siglo XX.


Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) enable finer-grained resource allocation and tuning of transmission configurations for right-sized resource allocation. These features make EONs excellent choice for 5G transport networks supporting highly dynamic traffic with diverse Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. 5G network slices are expected to host applications with a dynamic nature (e.g., augmented/virtual reality broadcasting), which will result in slice resource requirement changing over time. The initial resource allocation to network slices has to be adapted to accommodate such changes without causing significant disruption to existing traffic and using minimal additional resources. In this paper, we address the problem of scaling bandwidth demand of network slices on an EON-enabled 5G transport network. In contrast to the state-of-the-art, we do not assume any specific technologies for minimizing disruption when accommodating the scaling request. Rather, we propose an Integer Linear Program (ILP) and a heuristic algorithm for accommodating scaling requests by choosing from a comprehensive set of reconfiguration actions. We carefully design a novel cost model for capturing traffic disruptions and additional resource usage by these different actions. Our extensive simulations using realistic network topologies shed light on the trade-off between additional resource usage and disruption while accommodating slice scaling requests by employing a comprehensive set of reconfiguration actions. Simulation results also show that our heuristic algorithm can find solutions that remain within 10% of ILP-based solutions, while executing several orders of magnitude faster than ILP.


The alpha‐herpesviruses varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) share common features including lifelong persistence in sensory ganglia and the risk of recurrences. For both HSV and VZV, standard‐of‐care (SoC) is based on nucleoside analogs (NAs), which require specific activation in infected cells. These existing drugs exhibit substantial limitations, warranting the development of new and more effective drugs.


Public participation is a mainstay of democracy. However, the ways in which it can be understood inevitably influence the achievement of the goals that preside over any public policy. Literature argues that the drawbacks of citizen participation are directly related to the level of trust in governmental institutions and in politicians. The present study was carried out on a sample of 250 individuals and aimed to (1) describe citizens' opinions and trust in politicians and government institutions; and (2) demonstrate that healthy levels of citizen engagement in politics may be upheld as long as citizens trust their political institutions and leaders, through a case study of Portugal's democratic system. The current study found no statistically significant association between political participation and the study participant's perception that government representatives heard ( p = 0.769) or considered ( p = 0.810) their opinions. Similarities were found between the participants' assessments of the quality of life brought about by the decisions of those in power and the levels of citizen participation around land planning and land management ( p = 0.011). Also, citizen assessments of life quality were influenced by their understanding of political decisions ( p = 0.014). Effective communication between citizens and politicians will allow both to better understand the aims of political policy. When citizens believe that politicians are honest, show moral leadership and demonstrate integrity, and that these values are upheld by public institutions, a common aspiration can be realized: improving the quality of life.


A prospective transplant patient's work-up is a long and complex process. On the day of transplant, this information needs to be easily accessible and documented in one place. In an evolving environment, healthcare management is becoming a more individual process. Typical issues that became evident at morbidity and mortality meetings were that individual pre-operative concerns were not always highlighted at the time of admission. The published directorate protocol was not being fully initiated. Important discussions regarding donor risk to the patient were being written on pieces of paper, which could be easily lost. Our aim was to produce a document where the admitting doctor could input all of the up-to-date essential information into a single resource. The document included a full clerking of current state of health, background, past medical history, current medications and a pre-operative examination. Any concerns or management plans discussed by the transplant multi-disciplinary team (MDT) at the time of activation onto the transplant waiting list were given a place to be documented. Potential individual complications from the donor's history were given a clear, defined place in the notes. A checklist was placed so that the department's protocol was followed in its entirety. The proforma is currently in use on the Cardiff Transplant Unit. Leading the team by implementing a centralised document has enabled effective communication of key information to all relevant members of the team. This has helped to ensure that patient safety is optimised. The main message we would like to convey is the fact that a comprehensive admission proforma can aid in effective handover and communication, along with continuity of care and clarity of information. The proforma has streamlined the admission process, making the overall experience for the patients much more organised and straightforward, factors which are vital in an understandably anxiety-provoking time of their lives.


We present a concise and high-yielding route for the preparation of novel five-, six-, and seven-membered cycloether systems bearing [2,4]-oxazoles units. The approach is based on intramolecular electrophilic oxirane ring expansion strategies and β-hydroxyamide cyclodehydration-oxidation reactions mediated by Deoxo-Fluor and BrCCl 3 /DBU.


The invention provides a method for voice communication encryption and decryption, comprising the following steps: a first mobile terminal initiates a call to a second mobile terminal through a first STK menu which is provided by a first SIM card in the first mobile terminal; the first SIM card sends a pre-stored key corresponding to voice communication between the first mobile terminal and the second mobile terminal to a first communication module in the first mobile terminal, wherein the key is also pre-stored in a second SIM card in the second mobile terminal; the first communication module uses the key to encrypt a voice frame sent by the first mobile terminal to the second mobile terminal, and sends the voice frame after encryption to the second mobile terminal; a second communication module in the second mobile terminal acquires the key from the second SIM card after receiving the call from the first mobile terminal; and the second communication module uses the key to decrypt the received voice frame. Accordingly, the invention provides a system for voice communication encryption and decryption. By implementing the method and the system of the invention, the security of voice communication can be effectively improved.


We investigate the possibility of generating the $\ensuremath{\mu}$-term in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) by the condensation of a field that is a singlet under the standard model (SM) gauge group but charged under an additional family-independent $U(1{)}_{X}$ gauge symmetry. We attempt to do so while preserving the gauge coupling unification of the MSSM. For this, we find that SM nonsinglet exotics must be present in the spectrum. We also prove that the pure $U(1{)}_{X}$ anomalies can always be solved with rationally charged fields, but that a large number of SM singlets are often required. For $U(1{)}_{X}$ charges that are consistent with an embedding of the MSSM in $SU(5)$ or $SO(10)$, we show that the $U(1{)}_{X}$ charges of the MSSM states can always be expressed as a linear combination of Abelian subgroups of ${E}_{6}$. However, the SM exotics do not appear to have a straightforward embedding into grand-unified theory multiplets. We conclude from this study that if this approach to the $\ensuremath{\mu}$-term is correct, as experiment can probe, it will necessarily complicate the standard picture of supersymmetric grand unification.


Spatiotemporal chaos is predicted to occur in n-doped semiconductor superlattices with sequential resonant tunneling as their main charge transport mechanism. Under dc voltage bias, undamped time-dependent oscillations of the current (due to the motion and recycling of electric field domain walls) have been observed in recent experiments. Chaos is the result of forcing this natural oscillation by means of an appropriate external microwave signal.


Objective: To review abroad studies of synergistic use of botanical drugs and antibiotics,thus to supply reference for domestic study in this field.Methods: Pubmed,Chemical Abstract and BMJ database were searched,and related literatures were screened,classified and summarized.Results: There were 27 reports on synergistic use of botanical drugs and antibiotics in treatment of infectious diseases in above-mentioned three databases since the year of 1996.These studies focused on the synergistic effect of botanical drugs on antibiotics and the mechanism of botanical drugs for reversing bacteria resistance.Most studies were in vitro experiments and animal studies.Conclusion: The results of abroad studies are relatively reliable,but there lacks multi-target studies,besides,the literatures are mainly in vitro and animal studies,which provide a low-level evidence for clinical use.


Besides high code quality, a primary issue in embedded code generation is retargetability of code generators. This paper presents techniques for automatic generation of code selectors from externally specified processor models. In contrast to previous work, our retargetable compiler RECORD does not require tool-specific modelling formalisms, but starts from general HDL processor models. From an HDL model, all processor aspects needed for code generation are automatically derived. As demonstrated by experimental results, short turnaround times for retargeting are achieved, which permits study of the HW/SW trade-off between processor architectures and program execution speed.


We report on a sensitive photothermal absorbance detection method for use with a microfluidic chip using polyelectrolytic gel electrodes (PGEs). PGEs are microfabricated into glass substrates by photopolymerization, enabling contact measurement of conductivity without suffering redox effects from the application of a high electric field. Photothermal techniques involve heating of the solution through the radiationless relaxation of optically excited states, which subsequently results in a change in the solution viscosity. The microfluidic based photothermal system monitors the solution viscosity by measuring changes in conductivity. Experimental factors including laser modulation frequency, and laser power were studied. In addition, an electrokinetic separation of potassium, DABSYL-tagged glucosamine (DABSYLGlu) has been demonstrated.


COTTON CLUB BOTTLING AND CANNING CO., a soft drink processing firm, began in 1902 as Miller and Becker, bottlers, at 272 Forest (now E. 37th St.). Founders of the company were Isaac Miller and Eli Becker. By 1906 the company had moved to 5908 Woodland and had been renamed the Miller-Becker Co. The company relocated to 6411 Central Ave. by 1928 and remained there for over 20 years. Both Isaac Miller and Eli Becker remained associated with the company for many years. Miller was president from the 1910s until his death in 1939. By that date the firm was one of the largest bottling establishments in Ohio. Becker then served as president until his death in 1954. In 1954 a new bottling plant was built at 4922 E. 49th St. in Cuyahoga Hts. That same year the company put its products into cans (instead of only bottles) for the first time. In 1962 the company opened its first warehouse in the Lorain area, as well as in Akron. A year later the company name was changed to Cotton Club Beverages and the Royal Crown Bottling Co. of Mansfield was purchased. By the early 1960s Martin E. Becker had become president and Rudolph R. Miller vice-president. In the 1990s the company processed or distributed beverages including such brands as Cotton Club, RC Cola, Vernors, Squirt, Hires, Schwepps, Evian, Motts, and Diet Rite. As of 1995 the company maintained its headquarters at the E. 49th St. plant, and Martin Becker remained president. Sales were $49 million, and there were 250 employees.


In this report a method introduced in the past to obtain insight into the ageing process of polymers, by analysis of partial discharges in the frequency domain, is studied. With test measurements on samples containing artificial voids, a technique to classify ageing stages in polymers is tested.


Cellulose nanopapers (RCNP) were prepared from regenerated cellulose (RC) via the solvent casting method. RC was prepared by dissolution of bleached eucalyptus cellulose pulp (BEP) with 85% H3PO4 at -20oC. Water was applied as anti-solvent in the regenerated process. Effects of storage time after dissolution on fiber solubility were investigated at 0, 20, 40, 60 min, 1, and 2 days. ATR FT-IR spectra and crystalline index proved that regenerated cellulose was obtained. The crystalline index of the fiber became stable at 60 min, indicating the fibers were completely dissolved at 60 min. The results from thermogravimetric analysis showed that after the main degradation process, the remained char residue at 600 °C was close to 13.6% or 24.9% for original BEP or RCNP-0 min, respectively. The formation of phosphate groups on fiber surface caused increasing in remained char residue, indicating the RCNP had flame resistance property. Mechanical properties of RCNP were constant at 60 min of storage time, corresponding to the complete dissolution of fiber. Lastly, RCNP-60 min was embedded with zinc oxide nanoparticles. The UV-vis transmittance spectra of ZnO/cellulose nanopaper were investigated under a wavelength range of 300-400 nm. It was found that the 3 %wt. ZnO/cellulose nanopaper had a UV transmission value equal to 0.46%, indicating the potential usage of the cellulose nanopaper filled ZnO nanoparticles for UV-blocking films.


Victor Teo. 2019. Japan's Arduous Rejuvenation as a Global Power: Democratic Resilience and the US–China Challenge. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan. 242 pp. ISBN 978-981-13-6189-0.


This article introduces synthelically more than 500 antique stone bridges completed in Shaoxing Region before Qing Dynasty. From structural conception, they can be divided into 2 categories, i.e. beam bridges and arch bridges. In the former, there are stone beam bridges supported on columns, piers and on cantilevers, beam bridges with special plan layouts as well as some combined bridges. In the latter there are arch bridges of many types, including semicircular arch bridges, horse-shoe-shaped arch bridges, catenary arch bridges and folded arch bridges.


AbstractTo extend the numerical stability limit over steep slopes, a truly horizontal pressure-gradient discretization based on the ideas formulated by Mahrer in the 1980s has been developed. Conventionally, the pressure gradient is evaluated in the terrain-following coordinate system, which necessitates a metric correction term that is prone to numerical instability if the height difference between adjacent grid points is much larger than the vertical layer spacing. The alternative way pursued here is to reconstruct the pressure gradient at auxiliary points lying at the same height as the target point on which the velocity is defined. This is accomplished via a second-order Taylor-series expansion in this work, using the hydrostatic approximation to transform the second derivatives into first derivatives to facilitate second-order accurate discretization in the presence of strong vertical grid stretching. Moreover, a reformulated lower boundary condition is used that avoids the extrapolation of vertical ...


Today, spatial light modulators (SLMs) based on individually addressable micro-mirrors play an important role for use in DUV lithography and adaptive optics. Especially the mirror planarity and stability are important issues for these applications. Mono-crystalline silicon as mirror material offers a great possibility to combine the perfect surface with the good mechanical properties of the crystalline material. Nevertheless, the challenge is the integration of mono-crystalline silicon in a CMOS process with low temperature budget (below 450°C) and restricted material options. Thus, standard processes like epitaxial growth or re-crystallization of poly-silicon cannot be used. We will present a CMOS-compatible approach, using adhesive wafer transfer bonding with Benzocyclobutene (BCB) of a 300nm thin silicon membrane, located on a SOI-donor wafer. After the bond process, the SOI-donor wafer is grinded and spin etched to remove the handle silicon and the buried oxide layer, which results in a transfer of the mono-crystalline silicon membrane to the CMOS wafer. This technology is fully compatible for integration in a CMOS process, in order to fabricate SLMs, consisting of one million individually addressable mono-crystalline silicon micro-mirrors. The mirrors, presented here, have a size of 16×16 μm2. Deflection is achieved by applying a voltage between the mirrors and the underlying electrodes of the CMOS electronics. In this paper, we will present the fabrication process as well as first investigations of the mirror properties.


In this paper we examine the Cuthill–McKee algorithm for ordering the unknowns and equations in systems of linear equations, $A{\bf x} = {\bf b}$, where A is sparse, symmetric, and positive definite. This algorithm is designed to produce a permutation matrix P such that $PAP^T $ has a small bandwidth. If we wish to exploit zeros in the band of A which occur before the first nonzero in each row and column, it has been experimentally observed that reversing the ordering produced by the Cuthill–McKee algorithm is often very much better than the original ordering in terms of the amount of storage and work required to factor A. We prove that for band elimination methods, the two orderings are equivalent and that, surprisingly, the reverse ordering is always at least as good as the original one when envelope elimination techniques are used. We give a condition on the matrix A under which the reverse ordering is strictly better than the original one, and we include several numerical experiments and analyses of p...


ones (in our actual discussion of Writing Culture we shall encounter them again more concretely): the epistemological consequences and the normative implications. Here, incidently, both feminist and critical anthropology play an important role both as historical source of inspiration and as potential source of critique of cultural anthropology's literary turn. Briefly put, I think that the literary turn at least from this point of view consists of a crucial shift from an observational and empirical methodology to a communicative and dialogical epistemology (which may, of course, entail observational moments and empirical descriptions). Our conception of ethnological analysis and our activity as practicing ethnographers have changed accordingly: from a focus on the observing eye and the use of visual metaphors (as dominant in our culture as in our anthropology (see Lakoff & Johnson 1980)) to a concern with the expressive voice and the constitution of intersubjective understanding. Much more is involved in this crucial shift than meets the eye (literally and figuratively): questions of anthropological representation, praxis and production; of analytic and dialectical modes of understanding, experiencing and interpreting; of the relation between self, other and the nature of intersubjectivity; of science, power and cooptation; of speaking, listening and writing; of objectivity, relativism and ethnocentrism; of legitimacy, authority and truth; and perhaps most problematic of all of social critique and political praxis. All these issues are discussed in Writing Culture, though some more extensively than others and, as far as I am concerned, not all of them radically enough (in the epistemological and political sense of the term). In order to exemplify how such philosophic issues effect the concrete workings of the anthropologist, let me take as my point of departure the question that Clifford raises regarding the descriptive authority and analytic legitimacy of anthropological texts (see Clifford 1983 or his two contributions to Writing Culture). The issue here is not simply one of how to interpret an ethnographic document (e.g., Karp & Maynard 1983) nor or how to assess the ethnological reliability of a given anthropologist's work (e.g., as in the recent Shabono case (see Holmes 1983 and Pratt in Writing Culture) or the celebrated Freeman-Mead controversy (see Brady 1983). Though these are certainly important issues, more fundamental still is the perennial question that Stocking singles out as cultural anthropology's most enduring problem: 'Whether antropology offers forms of knowing that may be applied to all human subject matter even to the point of painful self-reflexivity or whether, in some profound sense historically delimited, it has simply been a way Europeans have invented of talking 36 about their darker brethren' (and, I would add, 'sisters') (Stocking 1982:419). I obviously cannot attent to this issue here (I have tried to make a beginning elsewhere see Scholte 1983), but I can at least indicate how Clifford addresses the problem. His approach is exemplary of the distinctive way in which the issue is treated by proponents of the literary approach several contributors to Writing Culture deal with similar problems applied to different texts. We need to reflect, according to Clifford, on the nature of cultural discourse, that is, on the style, rhetoric, logic, intellectualization, rationalization, etc. used by some people (mostly from the West) to describe, imagine, analyze, comprehend or coopt other people (often the Rest). The central problem, in other words, is very similar to Stocking's but more specifically literary: 'Are (anthropological) discourses ultimately condemned to redundancy, the prisoners of their own authoritative images and linguistic protocols?' Or can we instead '(on.) escape procedures of dichotomizing, restructuring, and textualizing in the making of interpretative statements about foreign cultures and traditions?' (Clifford 1980:209-210). Clifford's question can be divided into two subsidiary ones. One is essentially literary: How are ethnographic authority and ethnological legitimacy constituted? The other is historical and, I would argue, in the last analysis political: why should anthropological viability have become so problematic recently? Why, in other words, should this specific issue have become so urgent at this particular time? While the second question hovers over every page of Writing Culture, it is not really addressed thoroughly. Though people like Asad, Clifford, Rabinow, and Tyler offer suggestive insights, there are few if any sustained arguments. More about this in a moment. The first question is discussed at length by all the contributors to Writing Culture and before I give some illustrations, let me summarize what I consider to be the most significant conclusion reached by the


Taking Traffic GIS System of Longquanyi Traffic Management Bureau as example,this paper introduces vehicle tracking and positioning technology of acquiring real-time vehicle positioning data from server by Socket(TCP/IP) communication means and achieves the integration of GIS with GPS's positioning technology.


The purpose of the study is to analyze the information load and plastic solutions of the anthropomorphic mascarons on the facades of Lviv buildings of the XIX – early XX centuries. Methodology. The article uses general scientific research methods: the historical and comparative method; the method of synthesis and the art history analysis. Research results. The Lviv architectural and decorative plastics of the 19th and early 20th century is characterized by a widespread typology of the mascarons on the facades of the buildings. Various types of faces of old Lviv street, paired male and female images, which represent the unity and the harmony of two beginnings (portraits of married couples), as well as the generalized artistic images, belong to the number of the anthropomorphic maskarons of Lviv of the specified period. The article analyzes the information load and the plastic-stylistic features of various anthropomorphic maskarons of the typological group under study. The authors of the various types of old Lviv street emphasized the efforts to convey the character of the depicted faces. Their artistic expression is enhanced by some personal attributes. This applies to the paired and the generic Lviv maskarons to a lesser extent. On the basis of an art historical analysis of a number of specific samples of the anthropomorphic mascarons of Lviv of the 19th and early 20th century, a species classification of the given typological group has been developed. Scientific novelty. Detected and analyzed the information load and plastic characteristics peculiarities of the mascarons in Lviv architectural and decorative sculpture of the XIX – early XX centuries. Practical ignificance. The proposed article is part of a comprehensive study of the broad typology of the Lviv maskarons of the 19th and early 20th century. The results of the work open up some opportunities for a further research of the groups and the subgroups of the Lviv mascarons and for a detailed art historical analysis of some individual original samples of relief faces of Lviv of the studied period.


Let V be an irreducible non degenerate variety in Pn; a classical geometric result says that degree (V) ≥ codim V + 1 and, if equality holds, V is said to be of minimal degree. Varieties of minimal degree has been classified by Del Pezzo and Bertini and they all are intersections of quadrics. The local version of this result is due to J. Sally who proved that if is a regular local ring and is a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of minimal multiplicity, according to the bound e(R) ≥ height (I) + 1 given by Abhyankar, then the tangent cone of R is intersection of quadrics and it is Cohen-Macaulay.


546 Background: Identification of highly responsive tumors to specific regimen is needed in order to better tailor post-operative chemotherapy regimen. We previously reported using a tissue microarrays that basal-like and HER2-overexpressing tumors derive higher benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy than luminal-like tumors. Previous studies have reported that p53+/basal-like tumors, and HER2+/topoisomerase IIa + tumors were highly sensitive to alkylating agents and anthracyclines respectively. In the present study, we have evaluated whether p53+/basal-like and HER2+TopIIa+ tumors derive high benefit from an alkylating/anthracyclines based chemotherapy.

METHODS
A tissue microarrays was built with tumor samples from 823 patients randomized between FEC/FAC regimen and no chemotherapy. Basal-like breast cancers were defined as HER2-/ER-/EGFR+ and/or CK5/6+ tumors. HER2-overexpressing were defined using HER2 expression by IHC (3+ score). P53 and topoisomerase IIa expression were assessed by IHC. Treatment effect was assessed by Cox model that included prognostic parameters and stratification variables. Predictive value for treatment effect were assessed by interaction test and test for heterogeneity.

RESULTS
823 patients were included. 12.5% and 12.9% patients presented a basal-like and HER2-overexpressing breast cancer respectively. P53 and topoisomerase IIa were expressed in 20% and 35% patients. Hazard ratio for relapse associated with FEC/FAC regimen was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.62-1). Hazard ratio associated with FEC/FAC were 0.31 (0.1-0.97 ) and 1.19 (0.38-3.7 ) in patients with p53+/basal-like and p53- basal-like breast cancer. A p53/basal-based classification was associated with a trend for heterogeneity (p = 0.15). Hazard ratio associated with FEC/FAC were 0.34 (0.11-1.0 ) and 1.27(0.32-4.9) in patients with topIIa+/HER2+ and topIIa-/HER2+ breast cancer. A HER2/TopIIa classification was associated with a trend for heterogeneity (p = 0.07).

CONCLUSIONS
The present study suggest that p53+/basal-like cancer and TopIIA+/HER2 cancers derive high benefit from adjuvant FEC/FAC regimen. This finding requires further validation given multihypothesis testing and subgroup analysis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


RNA interference refers to the inhibition of gene expression by dsRNA.The RNA interference technique has already used to the dissimilarity kinds of creature researches successfully in very short years.DsRNA can not only participate in gene regulation,but also inhibit gene expression of pathogenic microbes.RNAi is believed to function as a defense against viruses. Recently,inhibition of virus replication by means of induced RNAi has been reported for many human and animal pathogens.It makes possible the development of RNAi-based antiviral therapeutics.In this article,we review the current researches on RNAi-mediated inhibition of virus replication.


" The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are solely responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view and policies of the National Center for Asphalt Technology of Auburn University. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. " Taylor and Timm i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On behalf of the entire NCAT Test Track team, the authors wish to thank the Alabama, Florida, Missouri and Oklahoma state departments of transportation for their support and cooperation in this study. The Federal Highway Administration was also an integral part of this study and deserves special recognition. Finally, special recognition is given to Burns, Cooley, Dennis, Inc., for providing the laboratory test results integral to this research. ABSTRACT In recent years, there has been an industry shift in pavement design methodology from purely empirically based methods (e.g. The AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures) to design methods that combine both mechanistic and empirical elements (e.g. the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide). One of the critical inputs for accurate mechanistic-empirical (ME) pavement design is accurate characterization of the stiffness of the unbound pavement material layers. This stiffness is quantified as resilient modulus, and this value can be determined either through laboratory testing with the triaxial apparatus or though non-destructive testing in the field with the falling weight deflectometer (FWD). Resilient modulus is typically expressed as a function of unbound material stress-state using a non-linear stress-sensitivity model. For this project, five unbound materials utilized in the construction of eleven instrumented pavement test sections at the NCAT Test Track were characterized through both triaxial and FWD testing. Additionally, multiple non-linear stress-sensitivity models were evaluated for both testing methods with each material to determine which model provided the best fit to the respective data sets. For the materials tested in the laboratory, stress-sensitivity models that account for both the effects of shear and confining pressure provided a better fit to the triaxial data than models that only accounted for the effects of only one of these variables. The same held true for base layer materials tested with the FWD at the Test Track. Generally, poor agreement was seen between the stress-sensitivity models and moduli generated by different methods for the base layer materials. Reasonable agreement between the data sets was seen for the subgrade material utilized at …


Patients with beta-thalassaemia major need blood transfusion frequently during their whole life. However, frequent transfusions will eventually lead to the accumulation of trivalent iron, resulting in iron overload. To reduce iron overload, patients are administered regularly with intravenous or subcutaneous infusion of deferioxamine mesylate (DFO). Nevertheless, high costs of medication, poor patient compliance, and side effects limit its use and patient's acceptance. To overcome such drawbacks, we developed a novel transdermal delivery system to administer the DFO instead of traditional injections. We assayed the feasibility of fabricating a transdermal DFO patch using the single-layer drug-in-adhesive drug delivery system. We used the pressure-sensitive adhesives and hydrogels as the drug reservoirs and studied the release profile of DFO from the transdermal patches in vitro. In order to enhance the transdermal delivery rate, chemical enhancers, polysorbate 80 and oleic acid, and physical enhancer, ultrasound, were incorporated into the monolith DFO patches. Experimental results showed that the combination of polysorbate 80 and oleic acid in the pressure-sensitive adhesives enhanced the penetration efficiency through nude mice skin. The pretreatment of nude mice skin with ultrasound temporally changed the diffusional resistance and facilitated DFO penetration through the skin. We expect that the new delivery system can enable the drug to penetrate through skin at a stable rate and reach the circulation system successfully, thus allowing the concentration of drug to achieve the therapeutic effect.


Multiple-quantum-well (MQW) photodetectors of a proposed type would contain active regions comprising multiple superlattice subregions. These devices would have complex structures: The superlattice of each subregion would be designed for enhanced absorption of photons in a desired wavelength band (typically in the infrared) and multiple subregions of different design would be cascaded for multicolor operation. The designs of these photodetectors would take advantage of the characteristic alignment of the edges of the electron-energy bands in type-II quantum-well structures: Within each finite superlattice, interband transitions would be used for detecting photons, and between finite superlattices, intraband relaxation and interband tunneling would be used for transport of charge carriers, all such as to enable detection of normally incident photons. Absorption of photons in the active region of a photodetector according to the proposal could be significantly enhanced by designing the superlattice/MQW structures to contain closely spaced energy states. The photodetector could be operated with a small bias to facilitate transport of charge carriers. The superlattices could be somewhat chirped, with a preferred transport direction.


A steepest descent based bit allocation method with polynomial iteration complexity for minimizing the sum of frame distortions under a total bit rate constraint is presented for a predictive video coder. Previous algorithms that solve this problem have been based on Lagrangian relaxation followed by unconstrained optimization. Some of these methods have complexity exponential in the prediction depth in the worst case. Moreover, the convergence properties of the faster methods are difficult to analyze. A steepest descent method is utilized here for its comparatively low computational complexity, excellent performance and ease of analysis. Sufficient conditions for global optimality are presented without assuming independent encoding of frames. Results for dependent bit allocation through the assignment of quantizer step-sizes to frames in MPEG-2 encoded sequences suggest that these optimality conditions are to a large extent satisfied in practice. A PSNR improvement of up to 1.5 dB is obtained over the standard TM5 rate control algorithm for MPEG-2.


ABSTRACT The harsh indoor environment in winter in the hot-summer and cold-winter zones of China and the increasing demand for winter heating from residential consumers have prompted more and more researchers to address the energy-efficient heating problem in non-centralized heating areas. A computational fluid dynamics model of a typical building was developed to analyze the dynamic heat transfer characteristics and energy consumption of interior partitions under decentralized heating in this region, of which the accuracy of the established model was proved by the relative error of less than 5% compared with the experimental measurement. Then seven typical kinds of interior partition configurations with different wall thickness, wall material, and insulation layer locations were developed and evaluated through simulation analysis. Transient heat storage ratio and cumulative heat storage ratio were proposed to demonstrate the dynamic heat transfer characteristics of interior partitions. The simulation results showed that 180 mm and 220 mm solid clay bricks can reduce energy consumption by 17.56% and 30.23%, respectively, compared with 120 mm solid clay bricks. The energy consumption of fly ash aerated concrete and solid clay brick partitions were reduced by 10.18% and 19.02%, respectively, compared with porous concrete partitions. The dynamic heat transfer characteristics of internal partitions with internal insulation were similar to those with external insulation due to the reduction in unnecessary energy consumption transferred to adjacent unheated rooms by about 20% compared to that without insulation. And the heat consumption of interior partitions under convective heating was 17.3% higher than under radiant heating.


Introduction: One factor of hypertension is hypercholesterolemia. Efforts to lower cholesterol levels in the blood beside taking the medicine, can also with a healthy lifestyle change and diet. Diet is an effective way to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. One of the ingredients that has the benefits of anti-hypercholesterolemia is Aloe vera. Aims: Knowing the correlation between changed blood pressure and changed the Total cholesterol for Prolanis patients with cholesterol disorder that get Aloe vera juice in the Padang Air Dingin Health Center in 2018. Method: This study was conducted on the Prolanis patient in the Padang Air Dngin Helth Center conducted from July – August 2018. The type of research used was a colerative analytic analytic with cross sectional study design. The affordable population are all prolanis patient in the Padang Air Dingin Health Center with 15 samples using simple random sampling technique. Univariate data analysis presented in the form of the average, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and bivariates analyses using the Spearman rho test, using the SPSS program. Result: Systolic blood pressure before and after consuming Aloe vera juice obtained on average 137.26 mmHg and 119.86 mmHg. Diastolic blood pressure before and after consuming Aloe vera juice was obtained on average 86.13 mmHg and 77.80 mmHg. The amount of cholesterol before and after consuming Aloe vera juice was obtained on average 264.93 and 240.36. Systolic blood pressure obtained r = 0.875 values (very strong categories), the value P = 0,000 (P < 0.05) and at the diastolic blood pressure obtained r = 0.631 values (strong categories), Value P = 0,012 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: there is a correlation betweeen changed blood pressure and changed the total cholesterol for patients with cholesterol disorder (hypercholesterolemia) that get aloe vera juice in the Padang Air Dingin Health Center in 2018.


Courts in the US, Japan and Germany often enforce rel ev ant environmental litigation laws and institutions. There are a couple of requir ements, including the existence of nuisance and the test of unreasonable consequ ence and interference, for the plaintiff to obtain injunction from courts in the se litigations. But Few Laws and institutions of injunction litigations are avai lable in China. In order to improve injunction litigation systems in China, some environmental laws should entitle the victim, public procurator and environment al NGOs standings of injunction litigations to facilitate nuisance lawsuits.


The broad purpose of the Committee is to promote population planning both globally and in Canada. Its emphases have been the inter-relationships of population and environment economics and social development. The Committee has pursued its objectives through discussions conferences publications and advice to public agencies. (excerpt)


This study describes and analyzes the learning interactions of nine high-school students' free exploration of a virtual solar system (VSS). The VSS is a non-immersive three dimensional virtual envi...


We report the case of a 13-year-old girl with a 3 day history of fever (max. 39°C), anorexia and asthenia. Physical examination indicated malaise, pallor and tachycardia, with no other signs. Complete blood count was as follows: hemoglobin, 6.3 g/dL; absolute neutrophil count (ANC), 0/μL; absolute lymphocyte count, 200/μL; platelets, 38 000/μL; and C-reactive protein, 2.8mg/dL. Meropenem 60mg/kg/day was started as empiric therapy due to febrile neutropenia. Bone marrow aspirate indicated acute myeloid leukemia, and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction indicated promyelocytic leukemia generetinoic acid receptoralpha (PML-RARA) rearrangement. After diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia, specific Programa para el Estudio de la Terapéutica en Hemopatía Maligna (PETHEMA)-LPA 2012 protocol was started. Blood cultures yielded methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, so cloxacillin 75mg/kg/day i.v. was started. On day 4 after admission, fever continued and the patient started to complain of localized chest pain. Physical examination indicated a painful mass 3 × 3 cm arising on the right thoracic wall. Gallium67 scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (Figs. 1A,1B) showed pyomyositis of chest wall with an abscess of 1 cm and multiple pulmonary emboli. Clindamycin 40mg/kg/day i.v. was added to antimicrobial therapy. As soon as the S. aureus isolate turned out to be Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) negative, clindamycin was withdrawn. Unfortunately, we were not able to drain the abscess because of severe thrombocytopenia. The painful mass and fever disappeared 3 weeks later. After ANC recovery, antibiotic therapy was switched to oral cephalexin 50mg/kg/day. She completed systemic antibiotics for 8 weeks until resolution of symptoms. After 4 weeks of oral antibiotics, physical examination and ultrasound (US) showed complete resolution of the abscess. No recurrence was observed with subsequent chemotherapy 4 months later. Primary pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle. It is characterized by suppuration within the muscle with formation of abscesses. Classically, pyomyositis has been described in tropical countries, associated with repetitive trauma in malnourished people, but in recent years it has been reported in nontropical areas, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. It is not infrequent that more than one muscle group is affected. The main cause of pyomyositis is S. aureus (in up to 75% of cases in temperate areas and 59% of pyomyositis-associated hematological malignancies), especially those strains that produce PVL, which increases morbidity and mortality and has been linked to invasive soft-tissue staphylococcal infections. Other etiologies have been reported especially in immunocompromised hosts. Patients usually complain of fever, pain and swelling of involved muscles. Magnetic resonance imaging is the diagnostic tool of choice, because it is able to delineate the extension of the infection. Aspiration of fluid under US or computed tomography is usually recommended for microbiological testing. Pulmonary emboli should be ruled out in patients with pyomyositis, given that it has been described as a complication of this disease. Combination of systemic antimicrobial therapy and drainage of abscesses is the treatment of choice. In the current case, staphylococcal pyomyositis with pulmonary emboli were the presenting signs of hematologic malignancy, and were indicative of an immunocompromised. The abscesses were not able to be drained because of profound thrombocytopenia, even though infection improved under conservative management. This case emphasizes that underlying hematological malignancy should be suspected once a diagnosis of nontropical pyomyositis is established. Correspondence: Luis Ignacio Gonzalez-Granado, MD, Immunodeficiencies and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigacion Hospital 12 Octubre, Hospital 12 Octubre, Avenida Cordoba, Madrid 28041, Spain. Email: email@example.com Received 31 March 2015; revised 28 May 2015; accepted 10 June 2015.


These are watershed years for Australian workers and their unions. The past twelve months have seen serious attacks on the principles and practice of collective representation through unions and a continuing steep decline in union density. 1996 might see the election of a federal Coalition government that will jettison collective national negotiations with labour on social and money wage settlements, and will effectively unpick some of the last stitches in the fabric of the federation settlement that institutionalized unionism and created minimum terms


Naturally occuuing dialogue is by far the most fiequent manifestation of human speech and therefore has a legitimate claim to being regarded as a prime ol:lject of study in the sciences of language .. Looking at the factors which determine the structure ofnatmal dialogue, one cannot escape the conchtsion that not only what is being said but also what is being infened fiom what is said contributes towards determining the sequence and content of moves as well as the choice of granmratical featmes which are crucial for dialogue cohesion and for the interpretation of utterances in dialogue: "Constellations of surface featmes of message form are the means by which speakers signal and listeners interpret what the activity is, how semantic content is to be understood and how each sentence relates to what precedes 01 follows. These featmes are refened to as contextualization cues. [ .. .] Roughly speaking, a contextualization cue is any featme of linguistic form that contributes to the signalling of contextual presupposition n ( Gumperz 1982: 131 )I


SYNOPSIS A survey of a variety of engineering experiences including education, wartime work on gunsighting and rockets, teaching at Cambridge and MIT, research in automatic control and stepless power transmissions, lecturing in France and Holland, and directing research at the Motor Industry Research Association, some of whose principal areas of work are indicated.


Many divorced Christians believe that in divorce they have betrayed their Christian faith. Counselors and ministers can help divorced Christians to understand that (a) not all human troubles are the consequence of moral failure, (b) the apostle Paul's strict teachings on divorce can be evaluated in light of his other teachings, (c) Paul's strict view of divorce had the surprising consequence of advancing women's rights, and (d) Paul and the Church have themselves not been able to escape contributing to dissension and estrangement. The purpose of this paper is to encourage divorce counselors to help their disturbed Christian clients to appreciate Saint Paul's doctrine of divorce in historical perspective.


ABSTRACT School-based sex education has been a controversial issue in the province of Ontario, Canada. When an updated sex education curriculum was introduced by the provincial government in 2015, the media heavily covered negative reactions to the curriculum, and one distinct genre of reporting became modestly popular: the fact-checking article. These listicle-style articles presented and debunked common misunderstandings surrounding the curriculum and while they tried to appear as a neutral response to misinformation, fact-checking articles are no less value-laden than other responses to the curriculum. By examining two examples of these 'fact-checking' and 'myth-busting' articles published in The Toronto Star in 2015, I argue against the assumption that simply exposing the facts of a curriculum's content is enough to dispel the deep anxieties that surround sexual values in a pluralistic democracy like Canada. This paper instead suggests that the reassurance provided by fact-checking obscures the ways that conflict and uncertainty might present opportunities rather than obstacles to creating and sustaining inclusive comprehensive sex education.


Objective To explore health education effect of responsible village doctors in rural areas,and improve self-care awareness of farmers in Lishui City.Methods Normal adults in L Town of Liandu District,Lishui City,were selected as health education intervention group,and normal adults in T Town were selected as control group.Questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after health education intervention in intervention and control groups.Awareness rates and health behaviors rates were investigated.Results After 3 years intervention,health awareness rate in intervention group was increased from 32.67% to 69.06%,and 22.2% higher than that of control group(P0.05).Especially the awareness rates of avian influenza,hypertension and other chronic disease prevention knowledge were increased and 54.14%,27.31%,53.38% higher than that of baseline.In intervention group,the awareness rate of the elderly over 60 years old was increase from 30.91% to 50.33%,the awareness rate of illiterate and semi-literate farmers were increased from 27.3% to 48.41%,the AIDS awareness rate of young man above 20 years old was increased to 88.89%.The health behavior prevalence of "mild salt in food" was increased from 21.08% to 31.44%,and higher than that in T Town ship significantly(P0.05).No difference of other health behaviors had found between the two groups significantly(P0.05).Conclusion The health education intervention model based on responsible village doctors in rural areas was effect to improve the farmer's health awareness and health behaviors.


Abstract 1144 Protease-activated receptor (PAR) signaling is closely linked to the cellular activation of the pro- and anticoagulant pathways. In contrast to thrombin that directly binds to and activates PAR1, other coagulation factors are dependent on co-receptors for efficient PAR cleavage. The endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is crucial for protein C (PC) activation by thrombomodulin-bound thrombin and supports signaling of activated PC through PAR1. EPCR may play additional roles by interacting with procoagulant proteases. EPCR binds the Gla-domain of human coagulation factor VII and conflicting reports exist about the role of EPCR as a receptor for FX. We studied the interaction of murine soluble EPCR extracellular domain (sEPCR) under physiological concentrations of divalent cations Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ . BIAcore measurements showed that murine sEPCR bound both human and mouse complexes of soluble tissue factor (TF) with FVIIa, as well as human FX. In a lipid free system measuring only protein-protein interactions, amidolytic activity of soluble TF-FVIIa was not changed by sEPCR. However, sEPCR dose dependently inhibited FX activation by both human and mouse soluble TF-FVIIa, indicating that sEPCR interacted with the TF-FVIIa-FX extrinsic activation complex. On human cells, TF forms two signaling complexes, the non-coagulant TF-FVIIa binary complex that activates PAR2 and the ternary TF-FVIIa-FXa complex that signals through PAR1 or PAR2. Overexpression of PAR2 in HUVECs resulted in PAR2 activation by activated PC, and in these transduced cells TF-FVIIa-FXa ternary complex signaling was inhibited by antibody blockade of EPCR. Human HaCaT keratinocytes constitutively synthesize TF and represent a well characterized model of TF binary and ternary complex signaling through PAR2. FACS analysis showed that EPCR was expressed on the cell surface and antibody blockade of EPCR prevented TF-FVIIa-Xa ternary, but not TF-FVIIa binary complex signaling. Mutation of FVIIa Gla residues had no effect on ternary complex signaling, indicating a primary interaction of EPCR with FX/FXa. To expand these studies to murine cells that constitutively express EPCR and TF, we isolated lung smooth muscle cells (SMC) from wild-type, PAR1-/-, PAR2-/-, and EPCR low mice. Stimulation of SMC with thrombin, high concentrations of FXa, or FVIIa/FX, but not FVIIa alone induced PAR1-dependent signaling. While thrombin signaling was unaltered, EPCR low SMC showed no response to the ternary complex measured by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In order to exclude indirect effects on SMC phenotypes due to prolonged EPCR-deficiency in vivo , we further deleted EPCR in vitro by adenoviral transduction with cre recombinase from EPCR floxflox SMC or blocked EPCR function with antibodies to murine EPCR. Both approaches inhibited TF ternary complex, but not thrombin signaling. These results show that EPCR interacts with the TF coagulation initiation complex to enable specifically ternary complex signaling and suggest that EPCR may play a role in regulating the biology of TF expressing extravascular and vessel wall cells that are exposed to limited concentrations of FVIIa and FX provided by ectopic synthesis or vascular leakage. Disclosures: Heibroch Petersen: Novo Nordisk: Employment. Persson: Novo Nordisk: Employment. Petersen: Novo Nordisk: Employment. Ruf: Novo Nordisk: Research Funding.


Among the technological novelties of the digital revolution, the self-driving car is considered to be a radical innovation stand-out which will revolutionize the habits of people living in civilization. The technological development of these cars is in its last stages, but the preparedness of consumers is lagging behind. General impression is not uniform by gender: women in developed nations tend to be unenthusiastic about self-driving cars, which could threaten their entrance on the market. Furthermore, in mainstream research (TAM, UTAUT), attitude towards the technology has been measured by questionnaire and less than 10% of respondents can respond based on real experience. The aim of our research is, on the one hand, to explore methods by which subjects express their attitudes towards self-driving cars based on their own experiences, and, on the other hand, to examine the impact of their own experiences on the opinions of rejecting groups.


The calibration of flowmeter is a very important procedure to set up traceability from the national or international standards The uncertainty of flow measurement defines reliability for measurement results The uncertainty of gravimetric method combines uncertainties of each independent variable, including mass, time, water density, air density and the density of dead weight. In this study, it has been found that the uncertainties of mass and time measurement in the gravimetric method have dominant influence on the total measurement uncertainty. After improvements of a constant head tank and a diverter, the best measurement capability for K-water's calibration facility has been reached less than 0.1 %.


We have observed an unusual form of creep at low temperatures in the charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor NbSe$_3$. This creep develops when CDW motion becomes limited by thermally-activated phase advance past individual impurities, demonstrating the importance of local pinning and related short-length-scale dynamics. Unlike in vortex lattices, elastic collective dynamics on longer length scales results in temporally ordered motion and a finite threshold field. A first-order dynamic phase transition from creep to high-velocity sliding produces "switching" in the velocity-field characteristic.


In his paper (1986 Beables for quantum field theory Phys. Rep. 137 49?54) John S Bell proposed how to associate particle trajectories with a lattice quantum field theory, yielding what can be regarded as a |?|2-distributed Markov process on the appropriate configuration space. A similar process can be defined in the continuum, for more or less any regularized quantum field theory; we call such processes Bell-type quantum field theories. We describe methods for explicitly constructing these processes. These concern, in addition to the definition of the Markov processes, the efficient calculation of jump rates, how to obtain the process from the processes corresponding to the free and interaction Hamiltonian alone, and how to obtain the free process from the free Hamiltonian or, alternatively, from the one-particle process by a construction analogous to 'second quantization'. As an example, we consider the process for a second quantized Dirac field in an external electromagnetic field.


Huai Drama was selected into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2008. It is a representative folk drama in Shanghai, Yancheng and Huai'an. In the long process of the development of Huai Drama culture, the inheritor is an important carrier and disseminator. If there is no inheritance of any kind of cultural heritage, its living culture will soon be interrupted, and the rest is only "cultural relics". Based on the research method of oral anthropology of music anthropology, this paper interviews and investigates the learning, performance, and art of Song Daolin, the inheritor of Huai Drama, and provides field materials for follow-up researchers of Huai Drama.At the same time,we alse hope all parties to pay attention to the art of Huai Drama.


Abstract : This represents the second Part of the report on NFEARS, the Nonlinear Finite Element Adaptive Research Solver developed jointly by the Universities of Maryland and Pittsburgh. This part constitutes the User's Manual for the system version 6. It was intended to describe all necessary aspects for running NFEARS successfully without requiring a detailed knowledge of the mathematical background given in Part I. However, the reader should be generally familiar with the aims and tasks of the program.


Abstract After a short introduction about previous studies on extraordinarily gifted children with an IQ of over 170, this article refers to the descriptive characteristics of ten children with IQ of over 189. After this, the developmental and learning characteristics of these children are described and finally empirical research about aspects that describe the personal, social and scholar adaptation of these highly gifted children is discussed.


This paper determined the physiological indexes,blood physiological and biochemical indexes of Jialuo sheep at ages of 1,2 and 3 years old. The results showed that the indexes of anus temperature,heart rate and respiration rate in Jialuo sheep group were not significantly different( P 0. 05) among the different ages,MCH,MCHC and MPV indexes of 2 years old Jialuo sheep were significantly higher than those of 1 year old Jialuo sheep( P 0. 05),however,RDW-SD index of 1 year old sheep was significantly higher than that of 2 years old sheep( P 0. 05),and the indexes of WBC,RBC,HGB,HCT,MCV,PLT,PCT,PDW and RDW-CV were not significantly different among the three age groups( P 0. 05). The ALT and ALP index of 1 year old Jialuo sheep were significantly higher than those of 3 years old sheep,and the indexes of AST,TP,ALB,GLO,A / G,LDH,GLU,CHE and CHOL were not significantly different among the three age groups( P 0. 05). The physiological indexes,blood physiological indexes and blood biochemical indexes were in the normal range of the Tibetan sheep.


As agricultural companies encounter number of risks in their business, it is very important to control the risks for their stable management. So we examine the agricultural business risks and propose the risk management strategies for the agricultural companies. For these purpose, we analyze the agricultural business risks with which agricultural companies are confronted, and propose the agricultural companies' the risk management strategies. The results of this study are as follows : First, Changing the risk environment of agricultural business, we have to realize the importance of the agricultural risks and risk management in it. Second, When we choose the risk management strategies which are risk retention, risk avoidance, risk control, risk transfer and insurance, etc., we should always consider the frequency of loss and the severity of loss. Third, If we don't control the agricultural risks, we will be in a position to very difficult situation. So, Agricultural companies should lead to stronger effort to manage the risks for their stable business.


A parallel suffix tree constructing algorithm is proposed to get rid of traditional space/time restriction while using suffix trees in bioinformatics. In this algorithm the given string is divided into several continuous substrings. Then, the suffix trees for every substring are constructed in parallel, thus forming a suffix tree structure distributed separately on several processors. This algorithm can not only reduce the time needed to construct suffix trees but also avoid the restriction of main memory. Performance analysis shows that this algorithm outperforms any of existing parallel algorithms. Based on such a suffix tree structure, an efficient pattern matching algorithm is also proposed for the inquiries about traditional suffix trees.


The standard process of data science tasks is to prepare features inside a database, export them as a denormalized data frame and then apply machine learning algorithms. This process is not optimal for two reasons. First, it requires denormalization of the database that can convert a small data problem into a big data problem. The second problem is that it assumes that the machine learning algorithm is disentangled from the relational model of the problem. That seems to be a serious limitation since the relational model contains very valuable domain expertise. In this paper we explore the use of convex optimization and specifically linear programming as a data science tool that can express most of the common machine learning algorithms and at the same time it can be natively integrated inside a declarative database. We are using SolverBlox, a framework that accepts as an input Datalog code and feeds it into a linear programming solver. We demonstrate the expression of three common machine learning algorithms, Linear Regression, Factorization Machines and Spectral Clustering, and present use case scenarios where data processing and modelling of optimization problems can be done step by step inside the database.


Sixty‐eight endometrial carcinomas were examined histochemically and immunohistochemically for the presence of amine‐containing or neurohormonal peptide‐containing cells, particularly in relation to argyrophil cells. Argyrophil cells, detected in 43 of the 68 endometrial carcinomas by the Grimelius method, were subgrouped into two types according to the distribution of argyrophil granules and the shape of the tumor cells. Type I was found in 7 tumors and type II in 39; 3 tumors contained both cell types. The argyrophilia of type II cells was diminished in varying degrees in some tumors by diastase digestion, although it was unchanged in type I argyrophil cells. Indoleamine was detected by the formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence method in type I argyrophil cells of four carcinomas. Immunohistochemically, somatostatin‐reactive cells were found in two well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas with argyrophilia; many of these cells corresponded to some of the type I argyrophil cells, although some were nonargyrophilic. Two adenosquamous cell carcinomas with type II argyrophil cells also contained cells that were immunoreactive with antisera against gastrin; however, they were nonargyrophilic.


In the near future, a user will carry his portable computer and access the wide area network regardless of location. In such an environment, host migration transparency is an essential feature of the wide area network. Virtual Internet Protocol (VIP) is a network layer protocol providing host migration transparency, which is derived from Internet Protocol (IP). Currently, VIP is running on Unix based workstations. This paper describes the procedures of VIP focusing on host connection/disconnection to/from a subnetwork. We implemented two daemon processes and two new commands to support the migration procedures. In VIP, applications can specify a migrating host by its VIP address regardless of location. Examples show that a TCP connection is preserved while a host is disconnected from the network. Measured overhead of connection/disconnection procedures is also shown.


Abstract : A one-parameter family of real, homogeneous boundary conditions on the interval 0,1, under which the operator -d2/dx2 is self-adjoint, is constructed. The relation between such boundary conditions and Lagrangian planes in R4 is used and the resulting circle of boundary conditions is seen to include Dirichlet, Neumann, periodic, antiperiodic, and several other well-known examples. (Author)


The examples quoted above do not exist in a vacuum. All teachers work in the contexts of their environment – the people, the resources made available for them, the nature of support provided to them, the vision of the organization (or the lack of it), the content of training and support made available at the school level, economic compensation for their work, and opportunities to read, refl ect and share.


In countless countries around the world law enforcement officials continue to be at the forefront of the failing war on drugs and can be a major obstacle when it comes to implementing evidence-based HIV prevention and treatment interventions. It's not all doom and gloom, however, and thanks to the energy of progressive champions within the police and cooperation with civil society, the police are changing from the inside in some places.


Applying the principle of Systems engineering to analyse the risks facing construction enterprises during the bidding phase,focusing on the risk analysis of evaluating methods and contract,and striving to explore the underlying structure of the system,and on that basis measures of construction enterprises to deal with risks were put forward in different circumstances.


This paper proposes a new approach to reduce weight and complexity of VHF/UHF cubesat antennas by utilizing a dual band antenna, rather than standard two-antenna system routinely implemented in cubesats. Three systems are compared: A standard system with separate transmit/receive dipoles, a dual-band dipole for both transmit and receive and a dual-band monopole, which uses the body of 1U cubesat (10 × 10 × 10cm) as a "groundplane". Additionally it is demonstrated that with appropriate feed the dipole might be used in monopole configuration in case of deployment system malfunction.


Almost all decision making in agriculture, in the boardrooms of industry or on the tractor seats of farms, affects the distribution of materials such as crops and manure within farms, and the movement of materials such as feeds and farm products to and from farms. Most common farm materials contain important plant nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and are moved as part of the everyday activities of farming and agriculture. As a result, the many factors considered in each management decision affect plant nutrient distribution and have implications for nutrient management to meet the many expectations. The balance of nutrients in the material flows at any one place on a farm influences the status of the nutrient inventories, or stock, of nutrients at that place. The balances can also affect the status of the entire farm. Since farms are also part of larger geographic regions, such as watersheds, or jurisdictional units, such as townships and counties, the nutrient inventories at these levels of organization can be affected. Significant features for the physical dimension of nutrient management are:


The quantitative relationship between a randomly shaped and orientated water distribution in a wet material and its dielectric constant is described by a superposition of differently shaped ellipsoids. The comprehension of this relationship allows to choose a combination of measurement data for a structure independent determination of the moisture content.


An efficient analysis of circuits with nonlinear resistive elements can be performed using the equivalent sources method. The nonlinear resistors are replaced by sources which are iteratively corrected based on their terminal voltages or currents. The internal resistances of the sources remain unchanged during the iterative process and their values can be chosen so that the iterative procedure convergence is always ensured. The equivalent circuit remains unchanged and only the sources values are iteratively corrected. That allows the development of a fast procedure for circuit analysis which computes on each harmonic the transfer immitance matrix between the controlled sources and their control variables. The computation time is further decreased by iteratively selecting a specific number of harmonics in terms of their weight.


This report summarizes an internal review of Women's Economic Leadership (WEL) programming in Asia. The review was conducted by an internal MEL advisor in 2013–2014 and drew upon project documentation, evaluation reports, site visits and staff and partner interviews to reflect how WEL programming was being implemented by Oxfam and its partners. The report gathers and consolidates evidence of good practice, based on what Oxfam project teams and partners have learned through recent experience and evaluation. The report builds on existing conceptual maps for WEL, and proposes a new conceptual framework to underpin WEL work in Asia. The research focuses on detailed case studies from projects in the Philippines and Sri Lanka, and takes in evidence from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, and Pakistan.


After the Electricity Act 2003 this sector reforms have enabled a transition from a vertically integrated private or public monopoly market structure to competitive market and the places like power exchange is created for electricity trading. This short-term trading shall be organized on equitable and efficient platform, Power exchanges. The electricity energy is crucial for the growth of any country, especially for the growth of under developing country like India. Under the boundary condition of Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) there is a regulatory change that leads to create of Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) & Power Exchange of India Ltd. (PXIL), a vibrant, transparent market on which buyers and sellers can trade electricity contracts and meet the diverse needs of their consumers nationwide. So this paper presents salient features of PXIL by considering all the issues and regulatory mechanism related to power exchange. IndexTerms Power Exchange, Electricity Market, Power Trading. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


The Di'anmen masonry arch bridge built 700 years ago in Beijing was evaluated using a static loading test and a nonlinear analysis with the finiteelement (FE) package ANSYS. The FE model included the nonlinear behavior of the masonry cracking and the slip between different materials. A parametric study of the spandrel wall and the backfill showed that the space function contributes greatly to the bridge stiffness. The transverse effects caused by moving loads were found to be the mechanism causing longitudinal cracking in the arch. The material properties of the arch and the backfill in this paper can be used to assess the stiffness and the load carrying capacity of similar structures. The tests and the FE analysis show that the Di'anmen masonry arch bridge can stand for a load of China specification of HS20.


The high pH (~10) and elevated concentration of metals and oxyanions such as As, Fe, Ni, Mo and Se in the Deilmann tailings management facility (DTMF) presents a highly selective environment for microorganisms. The objective of this study was to assess the potential for metal and ion solubilization by the indigenous mixed microbial community in both optimum (high carbon) and


Heat, high stability to such light, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant, other liquid crystal compounds satisfy at least one of superior physical properties such as compatibility with providing a liquid crystal compound. A compound represented by the formula (1). In this formula, for example,


We are interested in peer-to-peer (P2P) computing, where a P2P application consists of a (wireless) network of nodes (peers), and assumes full peer autonomy, no global control, and intermittent connectivity. P2P computing has many advantages over classical client-server and web-based distributed architectures. However, the P2P computing model also has a number of limitations in the mechanisms it supports for data management and interchange. To overcome some of these, we propose an agent-based P2P model whose nodes are software agents (peer agents). This paper uses the i* modeling framework to analyze and evaluate peer agent cooperation strategies using three possible evaluation criteria.


WEICK, RICHARD F., AND DAVID K. POMERANTZ. M~IMInisrn of ir&don of L,H surgc~ in thu r-hews rrm~&~.v: positiw f~dbrrr~k of estrqprz.2 Am. J. Physiol. 236( II: R102-R106, 1979 or Am. J. Physiol.: RegulatorG Integrative Comp. Physiol. 5( 1): R102-R106, 1979. Exper&nts were desiqed to determine whether the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge induced by estrogen results from a positive feedback effect of the steroid or from some alternative mechanism. Ovariectomiz& rhesus monkeys were implanted subcutaneously with different, numbers of Silastic capsules containing 17@estradiol, producing serum estrogen concentrations of 149 -+ 10, 245 2 13, or 452 -+ 26 pg/ml (mean 2 SE). All treatments caused an initial decrec?se in serum I,H levels followed by an LH surge. When serum estrogen was maintained at t,hese levels throughout the ensuing LH surge, peak LH levels varied, with signif'icantly lower LH peaks occurring in response to the lowest estrogen levels, a result suggestive of-either positive feedback or of 149 pg/ml being a marginally sufficient estrogen stimulus. When the estradiol implants were removed as the LH su~lge was starting, all animals showed LH surges of normal magnitude, apparently synchronized in time. This result suggests an interaction between the systems controlling the tonic and surge modes of LH secretion. They arc not broadly supportive of positive feedback as a critical mechanism controlling the LH surge. They rather suggest that estrogen is necessary to initiate the LH surge, but that its continued presence is not required to sustain that phenomenon.


The lymphoproliferative disorders compromise a large group of entities that were classified by the World Health Organization according to clinical characteristics, histology, immunophenotyping and cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities. Treatment and long-term outcome are different for each type and are mainly driven by the subtype of lymphoma. In this overview, the characteristics of the five most common subtypes are described. Clinical characteristics, staging procedures, treatment and new trends are discussed.


THE value of a personality questionnaire which is uncorrelated with measures of intellectual ability but is correlated with school achievement is obvious. Presumably, such an instrument would account for a portion of the variation in school performance unaccounted for by measures of scholastic aptitude. In a multiple regression equation, the noncognitive scale would materially increase the predictive efficiency of college entrance examinations. There have been many efforts to devise and validate such an instrument. For example, Kleinmuntz, (1962) lists eleven scales developed from the pool of items in the MMPI which were developed to predict academic success among college populations. One such scale, containing 26 MMPI items, was constructed by Altus (1948) and was found to be correlated .39 with grade-point average and .21 (nonsignificant) with a measure of intelligence, the Altus Measure of Verbal Aptitude.


Combustion flow field in an industrial gas-turbine combustor was numerically investigated with a newly-developed turbulent combustion model. For turbulent model, large-eddy simulation technique was introduced to simulate unsteady phenomena in detail. The combustion model was based on a two-scalar flamelet approach coupling the two concepts of premixed and non-premixed flames expressed by the conservative scalar of mixture fraction and the levelset function of premixed flame surface, respectively. A fine full tetra computational mesh of 45.5 million cells and 7.7 million nodes was used to resolve turbulent fluctuation with high accuracy in the combustion field. The simulations were performed for two calculation conditions reproducing diffusion-like and premixedlike flames and for three conditions decreasing fuel inlet to investigate flame extinction behavior. It was indicated that premixed or partial premixed turbulent flames by complex burner system in the real scale combustor can be reasonably captured by the present simulation model.


The as-deposited stress of typical high-reflectance extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Mo/Si multilayer mirrors is measured to be approximately ?410±10 MPa (compressive). These multilayers are deposited with dc magnetron sputtering and have near-normal incidence (5 deg) reflectances of 67.2±0.1% around 13.2 nm. The effect of both slow and rapid thermal treatments on multilayer stress and reflectance is measured. For both approaches, the stress of these multilayers is reduced quasi-linearly with the annealing temperature. Using the slow thermal anneal approach, it is possible to reduce the stress from ?410 MPa to zero by heating the sample to ~275°C with a corresponding reflectance loss of ~3.5% (absolute). If preserving the reflectance is critical, we show that heating the sample to ~220°C reduces the stress by 85% from ?407 to -63 MPa with a reflectance loss of only ~1.5% (absolute). It therefore appears possible to ''tune'' the stress of EUV Mo/Si multilayer mirrors with this postdeposition annealing technique and predict the loss in reflectance for any given desired final stress. Moreover, it seems that the relationship between the reflectance loss and the stress change does not depend on the type of thermal treatment, i.e., it is the same for both the slow and rapid thermal annealing techniques.


ABSTRACT The past three decades have seen an increase in both domestic terrorist attacks and loans issued by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In this study, we investigate the connection between IMF loan arrangements and domestic terrorism. We find that countries under IMF loans tend to observe fewer domestic terrorist incidents, especially when the borrowers are democracies. We contend that, while the IMF pressures borrower countries to prevent money laundering and combat the financing of terrorism, this effect is most pronounced in democracies, whose large selectorates incentivize the provision of public goods in a manner that works to reduce domestic terrorism. Our research shows how domestic and international institutions together can possibly help lower incidents of domestic terrorism.


Ovary autotransplantation or allotransplantation can restore endocrine function of patients with ovary functional absence or presenility and they maybe achieve the ability to have children.Human fetal ovary has low immunogenicity and is full of multimillions of primordial follicles,which can grow and develop to secrete hormones after leaving the body.Ovary from fetal with artificial labor is the ideal donator of allotransplantation for patients with ovary functional absence or presenility,of which the cryopreservation is very important because we can not have it at our liberty.This article reviews some progresses of ovary transplantation about its related study and cryopreservation.


10.7-eV source with improved beam profile and stability was prepared by employing a specially designed Lens-Window-Prism (LWP) device, driven by a homemade fiber chirped pulse amplifier (FCPA) laser system at 1 MHz.


Solving wave equations in a time-parallel manner is challenging, and the algorithm based on the block $\alpha$-circulant preconditioning technique has shown its advantage in many existing studies (where $\alpha\in(0, 1)$ is a free parameter). Considerable efforts have been devoted to exploring the spectral radius of the preconditioned matrix and this leads to many case-by-case studies depending on the used time-integrator. In this paper, we propose a unified way to analyze the convergence via directly studying the error of the algorithm and using the stability of the time integrator. Our analysis works for all one-step time-integrators and two exemplary classes of two-step time-integrators: the parameterized Numerov methods and the parameterized two-stage hybrid methods. The main conclusion is that the global error satisfies $\|{\textbf{err}}^{k+1}\|_{{\mathbf W}, 2}\leq \frac{\alpha}{1-\alpha}\|{\mathbf{err}}^{k}\|_{{\mathbf W}, 2}$ provided that the time-integrator is stable, where $k$ is the iteration index and for any vector $v$ the norm $\|v\|_{{\mathbf W}, 2}$ is defined by $\|v\|_{{\mathbf W}, 2}=\|{\mathbf W}v\|_2$ with ${\mathbf W}$ being a matrix depending on the space discretization matrix only. Even though we focus on wave equations in this paper, the proposed argument is directly applicable to other evolution problems.