Introduction: A person who has high blood pressure sometimes has difficulty controlling blood pressure. As a result of uncontrolled blood pressure will cause various complications. Efforts that may be made to control blood pressure and avoid depression can be done by using non-pharmacological techniques, one of which is by using relaxation techniques. To find out blood pressure before and after Benson's relaxation technique is carried out in patients with hypertension. Methods: The research design used was quasy experimental, where there were 2 groups, namely the treatment group and the control group.  The population of people with hypertension was 38 respondents and simple random sampling technique. Respondents were divided into 2 groups.  Insresearch instruments used observation sheets and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Statistical test used wilcoxone Signed Rank Test. Results: It was found that 19 respondents (100%) were found to have decreased blood pressure levels. In the control group or the group that did not do Benson relaxation technique, there was a decrease in blood pressure in as many as 9 respondents (47%). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) value is known that as many as 34 people with hypertension (89%) fall into the category of mild depression with a score of 10-19, the intervention group is 18 people (95%) and 16 people (84%).  Benson's relaxation technique on blood pressure obtained a value of p = 0.000 which shows that the influence of Benson's relaxation technique with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Conclusions:Benson's relaxation technique done regularly will help lower blood pressure and provide relaxation to the muscles so as to reduce muscle tension, reduce stress and calm mind.


Begonia bhutanensis P.Gyeltshen & M.Hughes (Begoniaceae) is described from the warm broadleaved forests of Zhemgang district in Bhutan. It is assigned to Begonia sect. Diploclinium as it has a tuberous habit and bifid placentae and is similar to Begonia rubella Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, but differs in having fimbriate bracts (not entire) and rounded wings on the capsule (not elongate triangular). A key to species of Begonia sect. Diploclinium in Bhutan is provided.


The research related to the long term practice of the soil maintenance system from the wine growing plantations has been done during the years 2002 - 2012 on a plantation situated in Tileagd village, with the Fetească Regală sort, clon 21, grafted on thew Kober 5BB stock The experience had 3 alternatives, as it follows: mechanic maintenance, chemical maintenance, biological maintenance. The content of the taste in sugar has been superior when the biological method was used. The flouring attack has been higher at the middle of the chemical maintenance method of the soil. The longevity of the vines was lower for the long term grassing methods but pretty close for the black cultivated field method. A correct evaluation of the effects determined by the long term practice of different systems of soil maintenance (10 years) on wine growing plantations, of the possibilities and of the singular application limits of the soil, herbicides and grassing works needs, in an ecological concept, a systematic use of the technological solutions which the intensive type wine growing has.


The hardener 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxy-s-triazine sodium salt can be prepared by using Sodium Metaborate instead of Sodium Bicarbonate,the hardening effects of the products prepared by both methods are basically the same,but the product yielded by the new method can be kept well at room temperature.


Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a new tool used by researchers to non-invasively track changes in white matter pathways or connective fibers in the brain. After a traumatic brain injury (TBI) the connective fibers of the brain can become twisted, fractured or broken. The DTI is able to pick up white matter damage, which could cause developmental issues and delays, damage that may not have been found in a routine MRI. The two measures that the DTI can track are fraction anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Here, we investigate the relationship between FA and ADC for traumatic brain injury patients as well as orthopedic injury (OI) patients. We use multivariate linear regressions on the data set to investigate the correlation between the two measures throughout different regions of the brain while account for type of injury, age, and gender. mathematical basis one way such Abstract Algebra and Geometric Constructions


At the intersection of Division and Halsted on Chicago's North Side, the Cabrini Green White Walls development was completed in 1962 as part of the urban renewal movement. Cheap construction methods and poor maintenance took their toll on the towers and in 1995 demolition of the eight towers began. Once a center of gang violence and social problems, Cabrini Green has been reduced to one tower, nicknamed "Scamplife" by the residents, but it too is slated for abandonment and demolition. Dorothy Schwankl


The operation of a heat engine of the regenerative type based on solid electrolytes with unipolaroxygen conduction and a CO 2 /CO mixture in the working chamber is studied experimentally and theoretically. The depndencesof electrical characteristics on parameters of the thermoelectrochemical converter (operating temperatures and partial pressures of CO 2 and CO) are obtained. The factors limiting the usable power output and the optimal conditions of the device operation are determined


PURPOSE: An adhesive film and a manufacturing method of the adhesive film are provided to minimize the separation failures between an adhesive layer and a substrate. CONSTITUTION: An adhesive film(1) comprises a film type adhesive layer(2) and a pair of substrates attaching the adhesive layer. The outer circumference(3a) of the substrate is more protruded outwards than the outer circumference(2a) of the adhesive layer. On one side of the adhesive layer of the substrate, a cut part(3c) is formed along the outer circumference of the adhesive layer. The thickness of the substrate is 50-200micron. The average depth of the cut part is 5-45micron. And the standard deviation of the depth of the cut part is 15micron or less.


In this work, the used biomass, for removing the mercuric species from the liquid effluents of the chlor-alkali plants was the macro-algae Sargassum sp. According to the results obtained, until this moment in time, it was possible to remove more than 99% of the ionic mercury with the advantage of not releasing the aqueous phase, that returns to the operation of brine production, the electrolyte of the electrolytic cells. In addition, it was verified that the biomass, once loaded with Mercury, can be reused in the biosorption step, after suffering an elution process.


This paper presents a method for calculating terminal and internal impedance versus frequency for a lumped parameter model of a transformer. The transformer's total frequency response can be accurately determined from this impedance data directly, i.e., the terminal resonance and anti-resonance and internal amplification factor characteristic can be calculated for a single or three-phase transformer model. Since most equipment associated with power system operation can be accurately modeled with lumped parameter networks, this method also provides an accurate, straightforward method for determining the resonance characteristic of those systems. An additional significance of this method is that the accuracy of the calculation is limited only by the user's ability to represent the equipment or system. Heretofore, the accuracy of this calculation was limited by the simplifying assumptions required of the network model by each solution method. This paper presents the definitions and mathematical theory underlying the method. Two examples are presented in which comparisons are made between measured and calculated values for a helical air core coil and a 200 MVA single-phase autotransformer. The agreement is excellent.


Review of Rachel A. Bowser and Brian Croxall, eds. Like Clockwork: Steampunk Pasts, Presents, and Futures. Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2016


Pollution of the urban environment is fast becoming a grave threat to urban dwellers as levels of toxicity increase to beyond safe limits. This is especially true in many low- and middle-income nations where the rapid pace of industrialization and development, coupled with fast growing and extremely dense urban centres, are leading to more serious environmental hazards for citizens. These include urban air pollution, which is difficult to tackle, especially in cities or nations where resources are scarce, awareness is minimal and the urban environment is not an issue receiving government attention. This paper describes the development and pilot implementation of the Volunteer Internet-based Environment Watch (VIEW) in two cities in Pakistan. This system, which makes use of volunteers and their personal computers to monitor air pollution, can send valuable local environmental data to a central server for storage and collation. The system was successfully developed and deployed in a relatively small period of time, with a small budget and limited human resources. The paper describes the various decisions and choices made with regard to: accessing funding; the organization; the timeframes and work plan; the choices made with regard to physical deployment of the system; budgeting and other project issues. This pilot in Pakistan could serve as a model for similar efforts in other countries.


Since the introduction of intravenous pyelography by Swick (11) in 1929, the difficulty in obtaining uniformly good renal shadows has been recognized. Attempts have been made to remedy this situation. Dehydration prior to pyelography is today a standard procedure and recently administration of pitressin for the concentration of diodrast has been suggested (12). The procedure of choice would be the administration of a drug to cause sphincteric contracture at the ureterovesical junction. Unfortunately such a drug is not known and other less efficacious means must be resorted to. Arendt and Maslow (1) fill the bladder with mineral oil and thereby prevent passage of the dye into the bladder. Councill (4) places a balloon in the bladder. By this method both mechanical and physiological obstruction is produced, since the desire to void causes closure of the ureteral valves. These latter technics nullify an important feature of excretory pyelography, its simplicity. Their practicality is questioned. Most investi...


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of the distribution information of the delivery item automatically OCR reading and video coding, fast and to read in low cost, uniquely OCR method one is the result of the step of automatically elapses non This is stopped at the instant of the state in the case. Previously automatically from the detected unique and non-unique results / intermediate result Therefore, the video coding jobs are transmitted to one or more video coding space. The video coding jobs includes instructions for operations to be executed exists results and to obtain unambiguous results with this method step. The unambiguous video coding results to replace the non-unambiguous results, OCR method steps stopped is ended in success, the subsequent method step is started.


The mucosal barrier needs to maintain a discrete balance between the absorption of nutrients and antigens to educate the immune system on the one hand and the restriction of massive antigenic or micro


The key aspects and features of the Year 5 text type writing differentiated program for talented writers are discussed. Details of the different information reports and what they must contain are highlighted.


This chapter is based on extensive research into historical and legal aspects of the 120-year history of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) (Kissling 2006a). Its goal is twofold: first, to cover the history of the IPU, including its political and legal work, its related success stories and failures in influencing international and global politics, and, closely linked, its political and legal relevance from its early years until now. A special focus in this regard is put on the discussion of global democracy and world parliamentary ideas within the Union and among its members in an historic perspective, and the handling of the question of whether the IPU itself would qualify as and would be willing to strive to transform itself into something like a global parliament. Second, this chapter looks at the (internal) democratic features and democratization processes within the Union as an inter-parliamentary organization active at the global level and measures them by resorting to International Democracy Watch and its macro-indicators appointment: democracy at the national level, input legitimacy, participation, control, interstate democracy, supranationalism, power limitation, human rights and output legitimacy.


The present study was conducted with the objective to determine the short term practice of Surya Nadi pranayama on components of health-related fitness. For the purpose of present study 36 university level girls between the age group of 21-26 years were selected. The subjects were purposively assigned into two groups: Group-A: Experimental (n1=18); Group-B: Control (n2=18). The subjects from Group-A: Experimental were subjected to a 4-weeks Surya Nadi pranayama. Student t test for paired samples was utilized to compare the means of the pre-test and the post-test. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, we conclude that the significant differences were found in components of health-related fitness (i.e., cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility) of university level girls. There was no significant difference between two groups were noted in muscular strength, muscular endurance, % body fat, fat weight and lean body weight of university level girls.


OBJECTIVE:To analyse the current situation of consumption of cardiovascular drugs used in the main hospitals of Nanjing in recent 3 years, so as to provide information for the research, production, sale and clinical application of these drugs. METHODS:According to the order of amount of money, the purchasing information of cardiovascular drugs used in 22 hospitals of Nanjing during the period 2001~2003 was collected and analysed. RESULTS:The total costs of cardiovascular drugs used in these hospitals increased by 32% within the 3 years and exceeded 100 million yuan in 2003, the consumption of antianginal and vasodilating agents, antithrombotic agents and antihypertensives ranked first three places in subcategory drugs all the time.In recent 3 years, the synthetic proportion of import and joint-venture drug products accounted for total consumption remained stable in grade 2 and grade 3 hospitals. CONCLUSION:With the rapid development of our social economics, potential market requirement is enormous and exploitation prospect is wide for cardiovascular drugs.


The Philips company produces approx. 10 billion spot welds every year applying pulsed Nd:YAG-lasers. The failure rate of most processes amounts to only few ppm (parts per million). The quality of these laser welding processes is assured by SPC (statistical process control) with spot check destructive tests. Introducing an in-process quality assurance system called laser welding monitor LWM900 by Jurca Optoelektronik GmbH, destructive tests will be avoided because every single laser pulse is monitored and evaluated.An examplary application of this real-time monitoring system is in the production line of electron guns for TV and PC-monitors. The laser welding monitor detects independent key characteristics (such as temperature, plasma luminosity, reflected laser power) and computes the probability that a significant welding failure (such as lack of laser power (>10%), gap between sheets in overlap welding (>50μm), etc.) has happened. The probability is calculated by comparing the detected signals with a stored reference previously determined in a teach process. If the failure probability reaches the 100%-level, an alarm signal is generated and the handling system automatically separates the faulty part. In the presentation the operability of the system which is applied for the first time in spot welding is shown as well as its integration concept in the existing quality assurance plan of the Philips production plant.The Philips company produces approx. 10 billion spot welds every year applying pulsed Nd:YAG-lasers. The failure rate of most processes amounts to only few ppm (parts per million). The quality of these laser welding processes is assured by SPC (statistical process control) with spot check destructive tests. Introducing an in-process quality assurance system called laser welding monitor LWM900 by Jurca Optoelektronik GmbH, destructive tests will be avoided because every single laser pulse is monitored and evaluated.An examplary application of this real-time monitoring system is in the production line of electron guns for TV and PC-monitors. The laser welding monitor detects independent key characteristics (such as temperature, plasma luminosity, reflected laser power) and computes the probability that a significant welding failure (such as lack of laser power (>10%), gap between sheets in overlap welding (>50μm), etc.) has happened. The probability is calculated by comparing the detected signals with a sto...


Phosphorus atoms that are implanted as dopants in laser-annealed polysilicon films are recrystallized and activated by rapid energy transfer annealing (RETA). After five pulses of RETA annealing, with a total process time of 90 s, the implanted, damaged amorphous silicon films are fully recrystallized into polysilicon films. Transmission electron microscopic images clearly reveal that these amorphous regions fully recover the original grain structure and the surface topography of the polysilicon film preceding implantation. The current versus voltage (I-V) measurements demonstrate that the implanted phosphorus atoms are efficiently activated. The sheet resistance of the annealed film after annealing is approximately 280 Ω/square, which is around the same order as obtained for excimer laser-annealed films.


This paper focuses on the introduction of Western medicine in colonial India and its relationship with indigenous Indian medical practices against the background of Amitav Ghosh's The Calcutta Chromosome. It tries to locate an alternative narrative of the subalterns who, instead of conceding subordination, actually manipulate the state of the art of contemporary malaria research in early 20th century and reincarnate themselves in a futuristic New York but never let the elites discover their true motive. Simultaneously, it throws light on instances of epistemic violence because of cultural encounters.


Background: Branding in the field of healthcare services leads to transparency and utility in the type of services, differentiation of services in the minds of patients, and their trust in health centers. Therefore, the present study aimed to provide a branding model in the field of healthcare services.

Methods: A mixed-method approach was utilized to develop a branding model for providing healthcare services. The study population for the qualitative phase included 20 academic and organizational experts using snowball sampling and the Delphi technique. For the quantitative phase, 830 people who were referred to health centers were selected as service recipients, and 415 medical staff were selected as health care providers. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by face, content, and structural validity; moreover, its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. Quantitative data were presented by EQS software (version 6.1) with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations.

Results: According to the results of factor structure and measurement equivalence, the branding of healthcare services had six main themes of competitive position, brand equity, brand accessibility, brand consolidation in the minds of clients and the market, branding strategies, and consumer-brand relationship with 19 sub-themes for clients and providers (Comparative fit index=0.9, Tucker Lewis index=0.8, Root mean square error of approximation=0.085, Root mean square error=0.049). Moreover, the items had a good fit and internal consistency at significant levels (P<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results, six main themes of competitive position, brand equity, brand accessibility, brand consolidation in the minds of clients and the market, branding strategies, and consumer-brand relationship with 19 sub-themes can be used in the field of health services branding.


Characterization of breakdown in thin films requires testing experimental samples with different voltage patterns in order to obtain dielectric parameters, e.g. breakdown voltage and charge to breakdown. The most common voltage patterns used are voltage ramp and step. This paper describes design and implementation of a function generator especially suited for thin films testing. The generator can be controlled using a computer, performing many different voltage patterns. This feature makes it a very versatile instrument, useful in a wide range of experiments. The system is based on a switching DC power supply (flyback converter), controlled by a computer (on-board microcontroller). The control system is a PD with a feedforward loop.


We present the case of an 87-year-old woman admitted to the emergency room due to persistent vomiting in the previous 4 days. She also complained of an intermittent abdominal pain and a weight loss of 10 kg with months of evolution. On physical examination, she had audible bowel sounds, painful palpation in the epigastrium without signs of peritoneal irritation. The laboratory panel showed only isolated neutrophilia, and the abdominal X-ray had no evidence of bowel distension. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a distended gastric body and complete torsion of the gastric folds in the antropyloric region ("scarf-ring sign" shown in Fig. 1) causing obstruction to the passage of the endoscope. After several attempts of aspiration, lavage and torque, it was possible to completely revert the torsion and reveal a bulky, semipediculated polypoid lesion with a large base of implantation on the anterior face of the distal body. Its surface was covered by congestive gastric mucosa with central erosion, suggestive of a submucosal lesion (Fig. 2, 3). Following the endoscopy, the patient tolerated progressive diet with no recurrence of vomiting. She was discharged and referred to a surgical consultation. The patient later underwent a laparoscopic atypical gastrectomy. The pathological specimen was compatible with a 4 × 3.2 cm gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), with a low mitotic index (1/50 HPF), suggestive of a low-risk tumor by the modified National Institute of Health classification [1] (Fig. 4). "Ball-valve syndrome" is a condition caused by intermittent prolapse through the pylorus of a gastric lesion, first described in 1946 by Hobbs and Cohen [2]. The clin-


Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the seroprevalence of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), syphilis, and co-infections among antenatal women in National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Background: Sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS are a major public health concern owing to both their prevalence and propensity to affect offspring through vertical transmission. Aim: This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), syphilis, and co-infections among antenatal women in National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A two (2) years retrospective study of antenatal women that attended National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria from 1 March, 2013 to 28 February, 2015. A pretested data extraction form was used to obtain data on socio-demographic variables and screening test results from the antenatal records. The analysis was conducted using SPSS version 17 (Chicago, IL, USA). Results: A total of 3748 antenatal records was used for the study. The seroprevalence of HIV, HCV, HBsAg and syphilis among the pregnant women were 7.9 %( 296/3748), 4.7 %( 176/3748), 10.6 %( 397/3748) and 1.1 %( 41/3748), respectively. The HIV/HBV, HIV/HCV and HIV/Syphilis co-infection prevalence rates were 0.24 %( 9/3748), 0.13 %( 5/3748) and 0.05 %( 2/3748) respectively. There was no HBC and HCV co-infection among both HIV positive and negative antenatal women. There was statistically significant difference in HBV and HCV infection between the HIV positive and negative antenatal women. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and syphilis is still a challenge in Abuja. Community health education is urgently require to reduce the prevalence of these infections among the most productive and economically viable age bracket. Our study showed that it is very necessary/important for all pregnant women to be requested to test for HBV, HCV alongside the conventional syphilis and HIV infections, in order to prevent vertical transmission to their unborn babies. Preceptor/location of project: National Hospital Abuja, Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria.


Abstract:  Seasonal variations in ablation and surface velocity were investigated on the lower Fox Glacier. Variations occur between summer and winter ablation, with surface velocity also showing marked seasonality. Recent advance has resulted in the glacier gaining around 200 m length since late 2004. Longer term, Fox Glacier appears linked to the Southern Oscillation Index, with positive glacier mass balances associated with negative Southern Oscillation Index (El Nino). An estimated glacier response time of approximately 9–14 years suggests the current terminus advance was linked to mass gains in the mid-1990s. Recent collapses at the terminal face continue to prove a hazard at this busy tourist destination.


Ultrawideband radar measurements of targets obscured by foliage were performed on the Radar Comparison Program, an effort funded by Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) and administered by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. Program objectives included collecting ultrawideband synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data for use in analysis of foliage penetration at ultrahigh frequencies (UHF), and performing experiments to quantify phenomena important to foliage penetration, such as attenuation and backscatter.<<ETX>>


Abstract : Partial Contents: Studies on glycoprotein glycans; New approaches towards the structural, conformational and dynamic analysis of biologically relevant oligosaccharides; Dynamics in heparin in aqueous solution studied by NMR relaxation measurements; Polysaccharide conformation and network properties; On the relation between chemical structure and original solution properties of some bacterial polysaccharides; Pectins: Chemical structure and calcium-induced gelation; Interactions of anionic polysaccharides with cationic polypeptides; Changes in polysaccharides and mechanical properties of the cell wall during auxin-induced cell extension; Chemical and enzymatic methods for the release of N- and O-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins.


In 22 field trials, over a seven-year period, highly significant correlations were found between nitrate nitrogen to various depths in the soil profile at seeding time and the uptake of nitrogen by the above-ground portion of barley at harvest. The best correlation was found at a depth of 61 cm, where the r2 value was 0.84. Barley yields were shown to be highly significantly correlated with the uptake of nitrogen, the r2 value being 0.86. These data, combined with a factor for the efficiency of utilization of a nitrogenous fertilizer, were used to derive an equation which predicts the amount of fertilizer nitrogen required for a particular barley yield.


To provide the freezing design parameters for the project that needs the cement reinforced soil,the artificial ground freezing method for the added reinforcement in urban subway constructions is used.In order to master the mechanical properties and design parameters of frozen cement soil,a series of tests research on the unconfined compressive test of freezing cement soil in laboratory are conducted.The tests showe that with the decreasing temperature or the increasing cement content,the unconfined compressive strength of the cement soil linearity increases.With the increasing curing period,the unconfined compressive strength of the cement soil logarithmically increases.With the decreasing temperature,the elastic modulus of cement soil linearly increases.In normal temperature,the elastic modulus increases linearly with the increase in cement ratio.In temperature of-10℃,the elastic modulus exponential increases with the increase in cement ratio,and the elastic modulus logarithmically increases with the cement ratio increases.Of the three factors of temperature,cement ratio and age,the impact of temperature on the compressive strength of cement soil is the largest.With the increasing cement content and curing period,the ratio of the compressive strength ato the compressive strength of freezing cement soil and cement soil at room temperature exponentially decreases,and eventually stabilizes.


Outage duration plays an important role in assessing the impacts of distribution system outages. Moreover, whenever an outage occurs, customers are most concerned about when power will be restored, i.e. the duration of the outage. Hence, this paper presents an analysis of the frequency and duration of outages using outage data from a distribution system network. In addition, this study performs a feature importance analysis by using random forests and gradient boosting regressors to determine which features in the outage dataset are most important in predicting the duration of an outage. The results show that climatic description, failed equipment and wind speed are the most important predictors of outage duration in the dataset used in this analysis.


Rural library is essential for the stability of countryside,glory of economic,advancement of technology and enrichment of culture.Based on analysis of the characteristics s of rural libraries in the western china,we have investigated the development strategy about the foundation,management and sustainable development for the rural libraries.We expect that the rural library in western china performed its function as soon as possible to serve the numerous farmers.


An embittered ex-sergeant wrote of the medical officers in the last war that "in their treatment of the sick almost all M.O.'s exhibited neither intelligence nor courtesy". If that standard holds, then the outlook is gloomy. I do not think it held in the last war, nor do I think it likely to hold in this. Fortunately the same sergeant also states that "in the line all M.Oo's worked like ntggers, some of them heroically", and it may inspire you to remember that the only two bars to the Victoria Cross ever awarded went to two medical officers. But troops are not always in the line; in fact, we may have long periods here, as has happened elsewhere, in which our troops will find time hanging heavily on their hands. Morale may then easily be lowered, as was that of the French Army through the winter of 1939-1940. There are many medical officers who can successfully go "over the top" with the battalion-even take the battered remnant of the battalion and lead it, as medical officers have done more than once. (To one such' did Haig say, when handing him his Military Cross: "If you had been a combatant officer, this would have been a V.C., but we cannot give a V.C. to a non-combatant who fights.") But the medical officer who by influence and good work can help sustain the morale of a battalion at rest is a much rarer person; yet it may be that it will be his work that will save the unit from the gravest of all military medical emergencies-I mean that sudden loss of morale which is the prelude to complete military disaster. •


Recently, -G1cNAcβ1-6Man-(β1-6) branched N-glycosidic oligosaccharides have been reported to play a role in tumor malignancy. In this study, to examine the expression of β1-6 branched oligosaccharides on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, lectin histochemical staining with phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (L-PHA), which has a high affinity for β1-6 branched oligosaccharides, was performed on frozen tissue sections prepared from 34 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas.The β1-6 branched oligosaccharides were localized on the surface of the tumor cells as follows: 1. All of the tumor cells were positive for staining (positive); 2. A population of the tumor cells were positive but the remainder were negative (weakly positive), 3 All of the tumor cells were negative (negative). Statistical analysis revealed that the incidence of metastasis to regional lymph nodes in the cases positive for L-PHA staining on the tumor cells was higher than that in cases negative for the L-PHA staining. These results suggested that the increased expression of β1-6 branched oligosaccharides of oral squamous cell carcinoma may enhance the metastatic potential to regional lymph nodes. On the other hand, previous studies have shown that β1-6 branched oligosaccharides may contribute to the ability of tumor cells to escape recognition by macrophages. Therefore, the number of CD14 positive cells, regarded to be a population of macrophages, which invaded into the stromal tissue adjacent to the tumor was also examined. As a result, smaller numbers of the CD14 positive cells were observed in the stroma adjacent to tumors positive for L-PHA staining compared with the stroma adjacent to tumors which were weakly positive or negative for L-PHA staining. These results suggested a role of β1-6 branched oligosaccharides in the recognition of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by macrophages.


The aim of this chapter is to outline a theoretical framework for the comparative study of emotions in Western legal systems of different countries. Our focus is on the legal actors, and our primar ...


Worry, fear, guilt, relief. These are just some of the emotions any parent of a child with a serious illness has felt at some point in their journey. But what about when history is repeating itself, and not only are you the parent, but at one point you were also a child with the same diagnosis? Jan


Conceptual identification and semantic formalization of concepts are necessary for sharing thought among individuals and accumulating cognition of concepts in discrete minds. The extent of how well concepts are conceptually identified, clarified and semantically formalized essentially determines in positive ratio to how well these concepts can function effectively, and perform efficiently. However, after a long struggle with various effort, we still are not fully satisfied with the conceptual revelation and semantic formalization of some fundamental concepts in natural language, e.g., software Style, Structure, Pattern, Framework, Architecture, Service, etc. Based on our proposed Existence Computation, which enables conceptual revelation and formalizing semantics of concepts from the extreme beginning of cognition on existence, and the ideology of Relationship Defined Everything of Semantic, which provides a global unification of constructive semantic expression, we proposed a Periodic Table like conceptualization and formalization mechanism of concepts, called Existence Periodic Table, based on a two level existence evaluation architecture: atomic existence level referring to independence semantic, and typed existence level bundled with semantic of completeness. We show the cases of utilization of our proposed Existence Periodic table in identification and formalization of concepts.


Moving outward from the Earth, one first observes magnetism in older well-formed stars and planets, then one observes magnetism in advanced protostellar disk systems, and one ends inside very young starforming cloudlets (it is akin to moving from old to young star systems). This revi ew covers a range in magnetic field strength from 10 -6 Gauss up to 10 15 Gauss. I review here our observational knowledge of magnetic fields in interplanetary, stellar and starforming spaces, surveying meteorites (~ 0.3m or 10 attoparsecsin size; 1 parsec = 3.1 × 10 16 m = 3.2 light-years), asteroids (~ 30 km or 1 picoparsec), planetary realms (~ 1 nanoparsec), interp lanetary space (~ 1 microparsec), circumstellar space (~ 1 milliparsec), protostellar systems (~ 1 centiparsec), out to interstellar starforming cloudlets (up to ~ 1 parsec in size). Spacecrafts from Earth have measured in situ the magnetic field shapes and strengths just outs ide several planets, moons, and asteroids, as well as the gen eral ubiquitous interplanetary magnetic field. Telescopes on Earth have performed measurements of the magnetic field strengths and shapes in circumstellar environments, prot ostellar disks, and interstellar cloudlets. Magnetic processes are essential to a det ailed understanding of their internal physics and evolution. On smal l scales, active dipolar dynamo-type magnetic fields can play a dominant role in the dynamics of gas and dust around compact objects. Published theories in pr otostellar disks and starforming cloudlets are classified along physical parameters. There is little here on the magnetism of objects with sizes > 1 parsec (magnetism on scales > 1 parsec was reviewed in Vallee, 1997).


4 weeks after three doses of RV3- BB was observed in 79 (57%) of 139 participants in the high- titre group, 80 (57%) of 141 participants in the mid- titre group, and 57 (41%) of 138 participants in the low- titre group and at 18 weeks in 100 (72%) of 139 participants in the high- titre group, 96 (67%) of 143 participants in the mid- titre group, and 86 (62%) of 138 of participants in the low- titre. No difference in cumulative IgA seroconversion 4 weeks after three doses of RV3- BB was observed between high- titre and mid- titre groups in the neonatal schedule (difference in response rate 0·001 [95%CI –0·115 to 0·117]), fulfilling the criteria for non- inferiority. In the infant schedule group 82 (59%) of 139 participants had a cumulative IgA seroconversion 4 weeks after three doses of RV3- BB at 18 weeks. Cumulative vaccine take was detected in 483 (85%) of 565 participants at 18 weeks. Three doses of RV3- BB were, well tolerated with no difference in adverse events among treatment groups. So, essen-tially this rotavirus immunisation was well tolerated and immunogenic when co- administered with Expanded Programme on Immunisation vaccines in a neonatal or infant schedule. The authors conclude that this study builds on the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy data of RV3- BB vaccine and supports large- scale manufacture of RV3- BB at a lower vaccine titre. It also shows that the human neonatal rotavirus vaccine RV3- BB is well tolerated and immunogenic when administered in a neonatal administration schedule. This could have a huge potential to have an impact on improving protection against rotavirus disease, in children in a high- child mortality country in Africa.


Mice were exposed to the volatile emissions of 4 samples of disposable diapers. Two samples (X-Brit and Y-Brit) were manufactured in Britain, the other two (X-Amer and Y-Amer) were of the same brands but manufactured in America. A modification of ASTM-E 981 was used to measure Sensory Irritation (SI), Pulmonary Irritation (PI), and Airflow Limitation (AFL). A Functional Observational Battery was used to evaluate neurotoxicity. The British diapers had little odor, while the American diapers appeared to contain a fragrance addition. The British diapers produced only mild neurotoxicity during the first exposure, but X produced significant SI, PI, and AFL during the second exposure. The American diapers caused respiratory and neurotoxicity during both the first and second exposures, the results generally being more severe during the second exposures. Products with identical brand names may have very different toxic effects (i.e. emit different toxic air pollutants) if manufactured in different countries. INDEX TERMS Disposable diapers, Functional Observational Battery, toxicity, mice, ASTM E 98


One of the most challenging issues in video transmission over wireless networks is to address the rigid time bounded constraint for video delivery. We propose in this paper a deadline-aware transmission framework (DATF) for video over IEEE 802.11e EDCA wireless networks. In this new framework, we estimate the deadline for time bounded video delivery for each packet in queues at MAC layer according to the sequence number of a frame a given video data packet belonging to as well as the current network delay. Then, the MAC layer determines whether a packet should be sent or should be dropped based on the estimated deadline information. To accomplish the scheme of DATF, we propose to modify the mapping scheme in IEEE 802.11e EDCA to facilitate unequal deadline requirement of video packets. Instead of mapping all video packets into class AC_VI, which is defined for video data in IEEE 802.11e EDCA, we differentiate video packets further based on the dependency characteristics of a given frame type. The proposed DATF scheme has been implemented with NS-2 simulation based on the scenario of wired-cum-wireless network architecture. We compare the proposed approach with several competing schemes and the simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms these competing schemes in terms of both wireless networking metrics and received video quality.


As a widely used segmentation scheme, Markov random field (MRF) utilizes $k$-means clustering to calculate the initial model for sidescan sonar image segmentation. However, for the noise and intensity inhomogeneity nature of the sidescan sonar images, the segmentation results of $k$-means clustering have low accuracy, motivating us to use machine learning methods to initialize MRF. Meanwhile, an extreme learning machine (ELM), a supervised learning algorithm derived from the single-hidden-layer feedforward neural networks, learns faster than randomly generated hidden-layer parameters and is superior to a support vector machine (SVM). Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a novel method for sidescan sonar image segmentation based on MRF and ELM. The proposed method segments sidescan sonar images in object-highlight, object-shadow, and sea-bottom reverberation areas. Specifically, we intend to use an ELM to get an initial model for MRF. Moreover, to improve the stability of an ELM, a simple ensemble ELM (SE-ELM) based on an ensemble algorithm is utilized to obtain the prediction model. In an SE-ELM, we use an ensemble of ELMs and majority votes to determine the prediction of testing data sets. Then, the classification results of the SE-ELM are utilized to initialize MRF, termed as SE-ELM-MRF. With features consisting of pixels of small image patches, our experiments on real sonar data indicate that the SE-ELM performs better than other machine learning methods such as ELM, kernel-based extreme learning machine, SVM, and convolutional neural networks. Moreover, using SE-ELM as the initial method in the proposed SE-ELM-MRF, the segmentation results are smoother and the segmentation process converges faster than the traditional MRF.


Mars has fascinated people since the first viewing through a telescope by Galileo Galilei in 1609. Since 1971 unmanned space crafts have been successfully sent to Mars, but only since 2012 the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity is sending breath-taking images that let us think we know exactly how Mars looks like. The next natural step is to send humans to Mars.
For this up to 1100 days long journey some steps in between are necessary to gain enough understanding and knowledge. NASA´s "Earth Reliant" exploration is focused on research aboard the International Space Station which includes human health and behavioural research, extravehicular operations and 3-D printing. The focus lays there in long-term missions of a year and longer.
In the "Proving Ground", NASA plans complex operations in a deep space, cislunar environment that allows crews to return to Earth in a matter of days. NASA will send a robotic mission to capture and redirect an asteroid to orbit the moon. Astronauts aboard the Orion spacecraft will explore the asteroid and return with samples in the mid-2020s. ESA regards the moon as the next logical destination for humans beyond low Earth orbit. Utilizing Earth's nearest neighbour should pave the way for human missions to Mars. The landing on Mars surface is planned for 2035+.
There are several risk factors for the astronauts going along which such a long mission. First of all space radiation is a major concern, because the crew may be exposed to high-energy particles, including infrequent, but potentially deadly, solar particle events and constant exposure to galactic cosmic rays. These high-energy particles can increase cancer risk and change the immune system. The different gravity fields is a challenge for the astronaut as he lives in microgravity for many months and landing on Mars with 1/3 of the earth´s gravity, which may lead to cardiovascular deconditioning and trauma. Microgravity itself normally increases the risks of bone loss density and muscular atrophy.
The isolation and small crew (which not the astronaut but space agencies will decide on) will cause psychological problems that researches explore in long isolation studies around the world in different habitats. Also the communication delay of up to 20 minutes can create problems especially in difficult and unforeseen situations or medical problems where the support of the ground team is very important.
The Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure Syndrome affects more than half of long term mission astronauts. Besides changes as e.g. optic disc edema, choroidal folds and a flattening of the eyeball it often also reduce the vision. For the time being we do not know the cause and we do also not know how impacted the vision may become. What will the vision be at the arrival on Mars?
To address these increased risks, new diagnostic and treatment tools, as well as countermeasures must be developed to maintain crew health.


The present invention provides a method for pretreatment of a sample containing glycosylated hemoglobin, and use of the method of immunoassay method of the glycated hemoglobin, which process is simple, there is no problem in the storage stability of the environment, and can be made in a short time epitope of a sufficiently exposed. Containing a sample pretreatment method glycated hemoglobin glycated hemoglobin immunological measurement, characterized in that the solution which contains (A) guanidine or a salt thereof, and (B) a nonionic surfactant and / or nitrite pretreatment solution, the sample containing glycosylated hemoglobin is treated. FERM BP-11187 20081128


INTRODUCTION: In the context of the development of measures aimed at reducing the mortality of the population, it is BACKGROUND: In developing measures to reduce mortality in the population, it is important not to directly analyze the mortality of the population but to study its manageable components attributed to preventable and treatable deaths.
AIM: To analyze trends in mortality due to preventable and treatable causes in the population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was done using data from primary mortality databases of urban districts and municipal districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for the period 19992020, as well as data from the Office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia and the Republic of Tyva on the population. The study examines how f preventable and curable causes contribute to the mortality structure of the population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory for the period 19992020.
RESULTS: Over the period 19992019, the mortality rate of the population decreased by 13.4% (from 1413.2 to 1224.2 cases per 100,000 people), but in 2020 mortality rate increased by 16.7%, becoming slightly higher than its 1999 level. Analysis of the structure of mortality from leading causes of mortality showed a systematic increase in the proportion of unavoidable and incurable causes from 1999 to 2020.
CONCLUSION: The results of this study can serve as a guideline for determining the reserves for reducing the mortality of the population and for determining promising directions for reducing it at the regional level. However, to achieve this, a more detailed analysis of the mortality structure of the population is required in order to identify groups of headings, headings or individual causes of death, for which there is a high proportion of preventable and curable mortality.


The reaction of tissues to lipoid substances is of increasing interest. The effect of vitamin D on tissue growth is well known. The local reaction of tissues to fats and fatty acids released from their protein envelopes and chemical unions respectively has been discussed by King,' Cohen,2 Lee and Adair,3 and Stulz and Fontaine,4 and a simple phagocytosis by local connective tissue and wandering cells has been found. In the case of olive oil containing carotin injected into the peritoneum, Connor 5 found a "foreign body" granuloma to be formed. Sabin and co-workers 6' have demonstrated that tuberculophosphatide gives rise to an epithelioid reaction with Langhans' giant cells and marked caseation: in the environs lymphocytic and plasma cell collections occur. To phthioic acid a reaction more closely resembling the exudative type of tuberculous reaction was found. Olive oil was found by Sabin6 to excite a "marked irritation" of the fibrous tissue. White 8 found that when injected subcutaneously in the back of rabbits oleic acid gives rise to a cyst which becomes lined by squamous epithelium if it approaches skin appendages. When the injection is made into the mammary gland metaplasia of the epithelium to the squamous type always occurs. The reaction of tissues to rapeseed oil containing a 35 per cent iodine is therefore of interest. Such reaction was found in the material here described. It was impossible to retain the lipiodol in the lungs of experimental animals so it could not be determined whether the iodine or the oil was the stimulus to the reaction found. As no reference could be found in the literature to this type of reaction it is considered worthy of report. Lipiodol injected into bronchi is usually expelled before any reactive changes to it are set up in the lung. In the lung of a patient into whose bronchi lipiodol had been instilled 12 months previously the oil was retained. At the time of introduction one of the main lateral


We propose a transformation for spin and charge degrees of freedom in one-dimensional lattice systems, constrained to have no doubly occupied sites, that allows direct access to the dynamical correlations of the system. The transformation delivers particle creation and annihilation operators in a form of a spinless particle and a non-local operator acting on the space of states of a spin-$1/2$ chain. This permits a decomposition of dynamical correlation functions as a convolution of those for impenetrable anyons together with those of a spin chain. Further analysis can be done by methods tailored for each part of the convolution, greatly increasing the impact and flexibility of the approach.


Abstract Children with Down syndrome face considerable challenges in developing spoken and written language which can have serious implications for their social, emotional, and academic success. Given the persistent nature of these challenges it is vital that interventions to support this development address both immediate and longer term intervention effects. A case study evaluation was used to describe the speech, phonological awareness, and literacy development of Ben (pseudonym), a boy with Down syndrome aged 5;2 at the start of the study. Ben was one of 10 pre-school children with Down syndrome who participated in an integrated phonological awareness intervention designed to simultaneously facilitate speech, phonological awareness, and early literacy skills. The intervention was conducted over 18 weeks. Ben's speech and literacy development were monitored up to the age of 8;0 (34 months post pre-school intervention). The evaluation revealed continued speech development characterized by increased speech accuracy, an increased phonemic inventory, and the reduction of speech error patterns. Growth in letter knowledge and phonological awareness were apparent during the 34-month period and the generalization of these skills to early reading and writing was also evident. Early intervention which targets spoken and written language development for children with Down syndrome may be useful in supporting this development both immediately and in the longer term.


This article presents the findings from our investigation of teachers' characteristics that influence development of oral language skills among pre-primary pupils. The study was conducted in 83 schools in Kibra Sub-County, Kenya. Questionnaires and observation schedules were used to collect data. Data was analysed using SPSS. The main findings of the study indicate that teaching strategies that were mostly used by pre-primary school teachers were code-switching, examples, repetition, substitution and explanation. On the other hand, questions, direction, expansion of children words and contrast were the least used teaching strategies when teaching oral language skills. The study revealed that the there is a slight correlation between the type of training teachers received and the teaching strategies they used as most of the DICECE (District Centres for Early Childhood Education, Kenya) trained teachers used more teaching strategies when teaching oral skills compared to non-DICECE teachers. The findings also revealed that there was some correlation between teacher's academic qualifications and their use of a few teaching strategies. There was also some correlation between teaching experience and the use of a few teaching strategies. Since the strategies used by pre-primary school teachers under the study were less than half of the recommended teaching strategies to promote oral skills, the study recommends that teachers should be encouraged to use more in structural strategies to improve children's oral language skills.


Summary A comparative study of mammalian (human, rat, rabbit, guinea-pig, horse, dog) platelet aggregation was done using phase contrast microscopy and photometric method and gave us the following results : 1. The animal platelets do not spread spontaneously onto glass in contrast to human ones (in their own plasma). 2. They do not aggregate in presence of adrenalin, noradrenalin, 5-HT but these amines increase the sensitivity of the platelets towards ADP. 3. Although all the platelets aggregate in presence of ADP, bovine thrombin, collagen or thimerosal, there exists some quantitative differences from one species to another. 4. Adenosine and AMP are inhibitors of ADP-induced aggregation for human, rabbit and dog platelets and not for guinea-pig and horse. As for the rat, if adenosine is not inhibitor, AMP can be inhibitor if used at strong doses. 5. There exist great differences in the ability of the various platelet-poor plasmas studied to inactivate the aggregating property of ADP, as for instance the weakest being the human one and the strongest the rat one. 6. The authors insist on the importance of ADP-inhibition by AMP and adenosine, and the ADP-inactivation by the plasmas for the mammalian platelet aggregation and almost disaggregation.


For the problems of intergranular corrosion crack appeared in the stainless steel clad plate welding joints.The organization,composition and phase composition of composite board welded joints were detectioned and analysised by means of OM,SEM and XRD.The effects of welding process specifications and heat treatment on welding joint corrosion resistance were investigated.The results show that the content of ferrite is 18.3%,and the grain size is 9.5 in the welding joint zone,the content of chromium is 9.58% in the transition layer weld,lower than the corrosion resistance requirements;σ and other hard brittle phase were produced in the welding joints,and the sensitivity of intergranular corrosion increased by these factors.The corrosion performance of the joints reduced by excessive welding energy,and the whole heat-treated of composite board can be canceled.


Current trends in the development of active optics methods are reviewed. These methods allow generating smooth optical surfaces by either in-situ stressing or stress figuring. Such surfaces are free from ripple errors - i.e. high spatial frequency errors - and thus are useful to achieve high angular resolution and high contrast imaging in astronomy. Interferometric results of many cases from infrared to ultraviolet are displayed in reviewing various telescope optics cases: aspherized corrector plates, near normal incidence on- or off-axis aspherized mirrors, variable curvature mirrors, aberration corrected diffraction gratings, varying aberration compensators. Potential application cases are presented for quasi-tubular monolithic and segmented X-ray telescope mirrors.


This paper describes the use of a flow reversal reactor for the destruction of lean emissions of methane with ambient temperature feed. The reactor was comprised of two packed bed reactors and inert sections to act as heat traps. Inert sections were one of ceramic monolith, metal monolith or packed beds of ceramic spheres. In this paper, the effect on reactor performance of the extraction of a portion of the process stream between the two reactor sections is illustrated. The effect of the inert type on the axial and radial temperature profiles, the rate of heat accumulation and the reactor stability is presented. It is observed that the packing type has a significant influence on the temperature profiles, especially the radial profiles. For a metal monolith, the magnitude of the radial gradients was reduced, in addition to an overall reduction in temperature being achieved. For the metal monolith, the decrease in width of the axial temperature profile was most pronounced.


C Co op py y n nu um mb be er r v va ar ri ia at ti io on n a an nd d g ge en no om mi ic c a al lt te er ra at ti io on ns s i in n h he ea al lt th h a an nd d d di is se ea as se e A Ab bs st tr ra ac ct t A report of the 1st GOLDEN HELIX Symposium 'Copy number variation and genomic alterations in health and disease', The 1st GOLDEN HELIX Symposium on 'Copy number variation and genomic alterations in health and disease' was recently held in Athens, Greece, where some 160 participants from 31 countries were updated on recent developments in the field of molecular cytogenetics, copy number variation and the direction in which the technology of array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is evolving. The meeting was supported by ten corporate entities, five of which presented their technologies for array-CGH and/or software tools for downstream analysis as company lectures embedded in the scientific program. Here, we report some highlights of this meeting from a genomic perspective. ym mp po os si ia a: : t th he e c co on nc ce ep pt t The GOLDEN HELIX Symposia (http://www. goldenhelixsymposia.org) are 2-3 day scientific meetings aiming to advance biomedical and life sciences by bringing together scientists within and across disciplines in the fields of human genomics and personalized medicine. This symposium series is named after the house of Francis Crick ('The Golden Helix'; 19/20 Portugal Place, Cambridge, UK) to emphasize their focus on human genomics and personalized medicine. Conference venues are usually major cities or summer retreats in the Southern Mediterranean or Middle East regions. The symposia aim to maximize information exchange and promote collaborative relationships between regional research institutes and research centers of excellence in the United States and Europe. Such information exchange and collaboration ties are strengthened by interactions between participants and lecturers, the latter being internationally renowned scientists, recognized leaders in their field. Selected minireviews from the topics discussed in the symposia will be published in special issues of Human Genomics and Proteomics A Ar rr ra ay y-C CG GH H t te ec ch hn no ol lo og gy y Molecular cytogenetics aims to bridge the gap between classical cytogenetics and modern molecular …


risk for offspring, especially in cases where specific meiotic abnormalities can be suspected from the sperm analysis. Indeed, some severe cases of teratozoospermia (macrocephaly, multiple tails, multiple heads) involve germ cells in which the morphological appearance is not easily related to the stage of meiotic maturation. We report here three cases for which FISH performed on ejaculated spermatozoa allowed us to evaluate the ploidy of the cells obtained for injection and thus decide whether the patient should undergo ICSI.


Objective: To describe the clinical, surgical and post-surgical characteristics of univentricular patients undergoing Glenn's surgery in a cardiovascular reference center. Method: Descriptive, retrospective study from January 2012 to December 2016, in patients under 18 who consulted a fourth level clinic with cardiopathies of univentricular physiology defined by institutional


At the beginning of every school year at Park Forest Elementary School (PFE), it's customary for teachers to invite their students to participate in establishing guidelines for behavior and citizenship in their respective classrooms. We began the 2012–13 school year, however, by taking this process a step further: all students attended a series of eight all-school gatherings, or "Town Hall Meetings," throughout the first two weeks of school, during which classes shared their visions for an ideal school/ learning community with one another. Prior to the Town Hall Meetings, teachers facilitated classroom discussions to elicit their students' ideas about their wishes, hopes, and dreams for the school year; visions of an "ideal school"; shared values; and expectations for themselves and others within their learning community. Students from each grade then shared their ideas over the course of eight all-school Town Hall Meetings. While these meetings generated many important ideas for the year ahead, they also evoked some feelings of frustration and boredom because, as one student expressed, "It's hard to hear everybody's ideas" in a large group. Through this process, many students came to recognize the difficulty of sharing ideas and solving problems in a large community using direct democracy. This experience set the stage for a project, spanning six months, to write a school constitution through representative democracy and a constitutional convention.


Provided are a method and an apparatus for providing a three-dimensional image. First projection images are generated by detecting X-rays which are emitted toward an object from different angles. Second projection images about the partial volume of the object are generated by applying front projection and interpolation to the first projection images. The left image and the right image among the second projection images are selected. The selected left image and right image are provided to an observer as three-dimensional projection images.


Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America, in that order, are the most rapidlyurbanizing regions of the world. Most of this trend is due to rural-to-urban migration; in part, such migration has enabled individuals of lower social and economic status to abandon centuries of stifling rural tradition and depressing poverty, and by relocating themselves, to establish small beachheads on the urban islands of wealth and privilege. This type of migration has occurred all over Latin America. In part, however, rural-to-urban migration has enabled lowstatus individuals to sustain and upgrade rural lifeways by making temporary visits to such urban areas, during which time they save or repatriate to their home areas as much of their income as they are able. This particular type of migration has been the case over much of tropical Africa.


Although the public participation in urban planning formulation in China has a short history,more people attach importance to it.However,the reflection and controversy never stop.The article intends to make use of methods of public participation in urban planning formulation oversea in order to realize basic issues in contemporary Chinese urban planning.


Background Even though pregnancy does not affect HIV infection progression, HIV affects the pregnancy outcome. Maternal HIV infection has many untoward effects which include low birth weight which is the major cause of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality. However, there is controversy and limited information about the effect of HIV status on birth weight around the world including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the prevalence of LBW and their associated factors among HIV+ and HIV- mothers delivered in Northwest Amhara region referral hospitals. Method A comparative crossectional study was conducted from September 2016 to September 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 474 participants. Data were collected from the mothers' chart by using a data extraction sheet and then entered into Epi-data and exported into SPSS for analysis. Independent variables with p-values < 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were entered into multivariable logistic regression models with backward logistic regressions method to control confounders and identify the factor. Result The overall prevalence of LBW was 13.9% (95% CI:10.8%-17.1%). The prevalence was higher among HIV+ 17.7% (95% CI:14.1%-22.8%) than HIV- mothers 10.1% (95% CI:6.3%—13.8%). CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 [AOR 3.2, 95%CI (1.05, 9.84)] and between 200–350 cells/mm3 [2.81, 95% CI (1,08, 7.28)], Mothers with MUAC <23 cm [AOR 3.39, 95% CI (1.41, 8.18)] and gestational age <37 weeks [AOR 7.34, 95% CI (3.02,17.80)] were significantly associated with LBW in HIV+ mothers. While, rural residence [AOR 3.93,95% CI (1.356,11.40)], PROM during current pregnancy [AOR 4.96, 95% CI (2.55, 15.83)] and gestational age <37 week [AOR 8.21, 95% CI (2.60, 25.89)] were significantly associated with LBW in HIV negative mothers. Conclusion The prevalence of LBW was significantly higher among HIV+ mothers as compared to HIV—mothers and this study suggests to emphasize nutritional supplementation of HIV positive mothers, needs to focus on nutritional counseling during ANC/PMTCT follow up and encourage HIV positive mothers to delay their pregnancy until their immune status improve.


An experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of mid-day (11:00 – 13:00 h) and late evening (18:00 – 20:00 h) broadcast bait (Seige Pro®, 0.73% hydramethylnon) applications against black and hybrid imported fire ants (Solenopsis richteri Forel and S. richteri × invicta, respectively) and their impact on native ant species. It was hypothesized that evening bait applications would have less impact on native ant species that slow or cease foraging at night relative to mid-day applications. Bait was applied to a series of plots in northeastern Mississippi, USA, in summer of 2002 and 2003. Population densities and foraging activity of imported fire ants and native ants were compared between treated and control plots. Population density and foraging activity of imported fire ants were equally suppressed in plots receiving mid-day and evening broadcast bait applications. Population density of Monomorium minimum (Buckley), the little black ant, approached zero in treated plots during 2003 but remained relatively high in untreated control plots. Species richness declined in treated plots with no difference between mid-day and evening bait application. These data indicate that evening bait application offers no advantage over mid-day application in terms of preserving some native ant species.


A boron channel-stop compensation technique using a selective polysilicon etch prior to field oxidation is proposed for CMOS isolation technologies which use polysilicon buffered LOCOS. The stress relief polysilicon layer is selectively removed over the n-well field regions which results in additional boron segregation into the growing field oxide while the polysilicon layer is being oxidized over the p-well field regions. The resulting field threshold voltages are increased by as much as 11.6 and 6.4 V for the p-well and n-well MOS capacitors, respectively.<<ETX>>


RUMAN A. HARTSHORN'S recent article T dealing with housing quality, its spatial patterns, andits relation to certain socioeconomic characteristics, contains several major deficiencies.l These relate to the definition, content, and dependability of the housing quality data upon which the bulk of the analysis depends. First, Hartshorn did not define exactly what features of housing quality he analyzed. He spoke of "low quality housing" and "substandard housing," and stated that he used the terms interchangeably.2 Two of the variables used in the analysis are labeled "percent dilapidated" and "percent sound dwelling unit^."^ At another point a distinction is made between "sound and deteriorated h~us ing ."~ Hartshorn stated that his data were drawn mostly from the Census city block statistics for the years 1940, 1950, and 1960, and that he worked with blocks containing "substandard h ~ u s i n g . " ~ However, examination of the block statistics reports does not answer unequivocally the question of what aspects of quality were analyzed. The three censuses contain a variety of column headings which relate directly to housing quality.6 Some of these headings involve terms Hartshorn used, but he did not mention others. Conversely, the words "low quality" and "substandard" do not occur in any column heading.


We report the transition toward a type 1 Seyfert experienced by the classical type 2 Seyfert nucleus in NGC 7582. The transition, found at most 20 days from its maximum peak, presents a unique opportunity to study these rare events in detail. At maximum, the Hα line width is about 12,000 km s-1. We examine three scenarios that could potentially explain the transition: capture of a star by a supermassive black hole, a reddening change in the surrounding torus, and the radiative onset of a Type IIn supernova exploding in a compact nuclear/circumnuclear starburst.


Abstract Kinetic parametrs for enzymatic cleavage of the glycosidic bond (phosphorolysis) of ten N(7)-substituted guanosines were determined, and used to establish a structure-activity relation for the Michaelis constants. Results were compared with those for acid-catalyzed cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, and are consistent with a mechanism for phosphorolysis via protonation of the purine ring N(7).


At a crossroads in Dusseldorf (FRG) which is highly affected by motor traffic, samples of airborne fine dust have been collected and investigated since January 1990 in order to find out the role of diesel particulate in air pollution. A discontinuous method, originally developed for measurements of working places, based on sampling of respirable particles followed by total carbon determination has been applied


In Mobile Adhoc Network mutual exclusion is the important research area, here nodes are waiting for the critical resources. The mutual exclusion allows the mobile nodes to split the resources among each other. Formation of the quorum is needed in order to deliver the data with general intermediate nodes between each other. During the communication, for data transmission between quorum that will use an arbitrator that is common to both the regions. The main objective of an arbitrator is to grant permission to the incoming requests in order to enter into the Critical Section (CS) by forwarding incoming requests to the node that will consist of the token, which in turn will reduce the response time, Synchronization delay and message complexity.


SUMMARY This paper first expounds and then attacks the curriculum theory chiefly known in Britain through the writings of Paul Hirst. The criticism concentrates on the argument, essential to the theory, that the developed disciplines of knowledge are necessary to rational thought, by showing that each of the alternative possible accounts of this necessity is impossible of demonstration. This is taken to be a conclusive refutation of the theory as a means of 'deducing' a curriculum from 'the nature of knowledge and of mind', and places the onus back upon the curriculum planner to eschew such 'value‐free' attempts and return to the notion of curriculum content as valued.


The long-distance pipeline end segment storing gas system was researched in this paper as a main enterprise.We introduced two methods for storing the natural gas in the long-distance pipeline end segment.According to the characteristic of the work process of the long-distance pipeline,we fourd the calculation methods and the practical condition for the capacity of long-distance pipeline storing natural gas when it was transported.We designed the calculative procedure of storing natural gas on the long-distance pipeline end,based on the preceding calculative procedure.And finally,we draw a conclusion that it was of practical significance for engineering construction and more reasonable and more economical for storing the natural gas on the long-distance pipeline end segment.


N-Hetero-ortho-phenylene hexamers with two 2,3-substituted pyridine moieties (i.e., 1a–c) were prepared by palladium-catalyzed homocoupling with pyridine-directed C–H cleavage as the key step. The conformations of the resulting hexamers in solution and in the solid state were investigated by computational methods, X-ray analysis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Calculations at the SCS-MP2/def2-TZVPP//B97-D3(bj)/def2-SVP level suggested that helical folding of 1a as the pyridine moieties are stacked is thermally more stable than the equivalent folding in the unsubstituted ortho-phenylene hexamer. The conformations of single crystals of 1 were consistent with the optimized structures obtained by DFT calculations. Except for rotation of the terminal phenyl groups, only one set of signals corresponding to a helical conformation was observed by analysis of 1 by 1H NMR spectroscopy in CDCl3 solution.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of hotel taxes, restaurant taxes, entertainment taxes, and the number of tourists on local revenue in Bintan Regency in 2015-2018. This type of research is descriptive, the type of data obtained is secondary data in the form of time series data with data collection techniques in the form of observation and literature study techniques. The data analysis method used in this research is the classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. The results of this study indicate that (1) hotel taxes have an effect on local revenue because tcount 2,240> ttable 2,01669 and a significance value of 0.030> 0.05. (2) restaurant tax has no effect on local revenue because tcount 0.090 0.05. (4) the number of tourists has an effect on local revenue because tcount 2.043 0.05. (5) hotel tax, restaurant tax, and entertainment tax have a simultaneous effect on local revenue because Fcount is 6.074> Ftable 2.82 and a significance value of 0.001 <0.05.


We have performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of CuxBi2Se3 as a function of Cu doping (x = 0.0-0.25) to investigate the doping-induced evolution of the electronic structure. We found that the topological surface state is preserved even in the heavy-doping region (x = 0.25), indicative of the robustness of the surface state against doping and impurities. The estimated carrier concentration is far smaller than that expected from a simple intercalation picture, and saturates at x similar to 0.1 where superconductivity emerges. This indicates that the carrier concentration responsible for superconductivity is dominated by a subtle balance between two competing processes of electron and hole doping.


Electronic excitation spectra of furan and pyrrole are reinvestigated by the symmetry-adapted cluster configuration-interaction method. The 47 and 46 lowest singlet and triplet electronic states are computed for furan and pyrrole, respectively. Two series (1a2 and 2b1) of low-lying Rydberg states and the valence π–π* excited states strongly influence each other in both furan and pyrrole. The present calculations give detailed and satisfactory theoretical assignments of the vacuum ultraviolet spectra and the electron energy-loss spectra of the two molecules. The similarities and differences in the electronic excitations between furan and pyrrole are discussed in detail. The accuracy and assignments of recent theoretical studies, i.e., complete active space second-order perturbation, multireference Moller–Plesset perturbation, second-order algebraic-diagrammatic construction, multireference double configuration interaction, and CC3, are compared.


The postmetamorphic ontogenesis of 11 deep-sea asteroid species is described. Juvenile bathymetric distributions are compared to adults. The deep-sea juvenile asteroids of the NE Atlantic could be distinguished to species level from a very early stage of development. In all species, except Porcellanaster ceruleus and Plinthaster dentatus, the arms grow faster than the body. In Porcellanaster ceruleus and Plinthaster dentatus, early growth is nearly isometric. In the appearance of the epiproctal cone, the change in form of the furrow and apical spines, the early development of the cribriform organ adjacent to the madreporite and the appearance of sediment in the stomach indicate that Porcellanaster ceruleus is likely to undergo a shift in habitat and diet during the juvenile phase. Porcellanaster ceruleus is probably a predator on meiofauna and small macrofauna during the early stages of life, changing to a burrowing lifestyle ingesting sediment particles. Juvenile sea stars showed wider bathymetric distributions than their adult counterparts, suggesting that events occurring during the early stages of life are important for the maintenance of the local population structure and diversity in the deep NE Atlantic.


or sprain injuries of the elbow-joint, and it is obvious that opportunities to elucidate their basic pathology must be rare. Previous descriptions have been confined to a combination of pain, slight swelling, and limitation of movement, without radiographic changes. Views on the underlying pathology vary. Watson-Jones (1955) states that " minor strains and contusions often cause traumatic synovitis of the elbow joint in children." Adams (1958) suggests that the lesion is probably a strain of the capsule or a contusion of the periosteum. Gaston, Smith, and Baab (1949), in a paper on fractures of the head of the radius, stress the importance of the associated haemarthrosis and recommend that aspiration should be part of the treatment of these fractures. This observation, together with the fact that radiologically similar injuries often pursue entirely different courses, led us to a long-term study of the role of the associated soft-tissue damage on the outcome from various types of elbow injuries. At this point speculation that a haemarthrosis might exist in even the most minor contusion injuries led to this investigation and preliminary report. In a series of 200 elbow injuries varying in degree from sprains to the most severe fracture-dislocations which were examined and treated by us over a three-year period, 45 had been diagnosed by the casualty surgeons as " contusions." Nine


The changing geography of service employment and the relocation of back-office service tasks to developing economies present a challenge to contemporary world city network research and methodology, as cost-driven offshoring may wrongly suggest a city's increased importance in global city rankings. In particular, financial service firms, but also management consultancies, law firms, and other advanced producer service firms have offshored tasks abroad. These firms' offices are attributed a vital role in the world city network literature and form the basis for world city rankings using the interlocking network model. Based on empirical research on advanced producer service firms in Metro Manila, the Philippines, this paper argues that the existence of linkages and the appearance 'on the map' of dominant economic flows does not automatically lead to an increased command and control position of Manila. Instead, the attraction of lower-end services leads to Manila's dependent articulation into global service production networks. The findings challenge the key assumptions about 'command functions' and 'strategic role' of global cities that underpin the global city rankings. The paper critiques current conceptualisations of command and control in global urban network theory in the light of changing intra-firm divisions of labour in advanced producer service firms, and stresses the importance of qualitative research.


Based on the application of emissions trading system home and abroad, combined with the actual situation of the socio-economic development, environmental protection and the other relevant systems in Hebei Province, this paper designed 5 kind of COD emissions reduction transaction scene, according to total amount control, quota allocation, compensable use, transaction index, valid period and emissions license. It also analyzed key problems and solving thoughts of these 5 kinds of scene, and presented strategy and suggestion of Hebei Province promoting COD emissions trading. The conclusion was that in the process of promoting COD emissions trading pilot project, Hebei Province can solve important key problems of COD emissions trading.


Bacterial pathogens require a variety of micronutrients for growth, including trace metals such as iron, manganese, and zinc (Zn). Despite their relative abundance in host environments, access to these metals is severely restricted during infection due to host-mediated defense mechanisms collectively known as nutritional immunity. Despite a growing appreciation of the importance of Zn in host-pathogen interactions, the mechanisms of Zn homeostasis and the significance of Zn to the pathophysiology of E. faecalis, a major pathogen of nosocomial and community-associated infections, have not been investigated. Here, we show that E. faecalis encoded an ABC-type transporter AdcACB and an orphan substrate-binding lipoprotein AdcAII that work cooperatively to maintain Zn homeostasis. Simultaneous inactivation of adcA and adcAII or the entire adcACB operon led to significant reduction in intracellular Zn under Zn-restricted conditions, heightened sensitivity to Zn-chelating agents including human calprotectin, aberrant cell morphology, and impaired fitness in serum ex vivo. Additionally, inactivation of adcACB and adcAII significantly reduced bacterial tolerance towards cell envelope-targeting antibiotics, which may be associated to altered fatty acid abundance and species. Lastly, we show that the AdcACB/AdcAII system contributes to E. faecalis virulence in an invertebrate (Galleria mellonella) infection model and in two catheter-associated mouse infection models that recapitulate many of the host conditions associated with enterococcal human infections. Collectively, this report reveals that high-affinity Zn import is essential for the pathogenesis of E. faecalis indicating that the surface-associated AdcA and AdcAII lipoproteins are potential therapeutic targets.


Needs for creation of new forms of ownership for subjects of the Russian Federation, such as small business, it is caused not only developmentof the market relations, but also carrying out the actions provided by reform of the budgetary process that is economicallyexpedient as emergence of a large number of new subjects of managing involves emergence of new workplaces, increase in receiptsin budgets of all levels due to payment of taxes and fees. Development of small business is also necessary for large business as he atestablishment of the coordinated communications with functional activity of subjects of small business takes considerable profit.Besides, it is necessary to consider that fact that development of sector of small business is a basic and objectively necessary elementof social and economic system of the country, one of transition conditions to full market to the relations, innovative development ofeconomy. Reform of the budgetary process offers enough prospects for financial support and financial regulation of sector of smallbusiness in subjects of the Russian Federation. It is caused by a significant amount of programs of support within introduction ofprogram and target methods of planning and financing.


low amplitude (HVLA) techniques as well as the compression of the fourth ventricle (CV4) hold were prohibited. Patients received a 30-minute treatment on weeks 30, 32, 34, 36, 37, and 39 of pregnancy. Outcome measures were pain scores on an 11-point scale and back-specific functioning measured by Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). The back pain scale included interval ratings from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain). The RMDQ was scored as the total number of affirmative responses to 24 back-related items. A higher score was indicative of poorer back-specific functioning and a greater level of disability. Pain level scores decreased in the UOBC + OMT group, remained unchanged in the UOBC + SUT group, and increased in the UOBC group. Despite the decrease in pain level scores, there was no significant difference between groups. The effect size (minimally important benefits were defined as effect size >0.2 based on a commonly accepted standard for small effect) for the UOBC + OMT versus UOBC was 0.27 (95% CI, –0.13 to 0.68; P=.18) and for the UOBC +OMT versus UOBC + SUT was 0.14 (95% CI, –0.26 to 0.55; P=.48). Back-specific functioning deteriorated less in the UOBC + OMT group than in the UOBC and UOBC + SUT groups as the effect size for the UOBC+ OMT group versus UOBC was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.31–1.14; P=.001) and for the UOBC + OMT versus UOBC+ SUT was 0.35 (95% CI, –0.06 to 0.76; P=.09). A 2009 systematic review evaluated OMT for pregnancy and related conditions in 496 pregnant patients. The 13 trials (2 RCT, 2 systematic review, 1 cohort study, 2 case control studies, 6 case series, and 1 other study design) were reviewed for quality. Only 2 trials (1 case series and 1 case control) were classified as meeting all or most of the measures of study design quality. These clinical studies contained design flaws such as sample size and lack of description for the manipulative procedure. The authors were unable to reach any conclusions regarding the effectiveness of OMT based on this review.


Karst is the term of German ongm applied to terrain formed by the dissolving of rocks, generally carbonates. Karst terrain is characterised by distinctive landforms and drainage features. Much ofthe drainage flows underground through caves while the surface is commonly pitted by collapse and subsidence features known as sinkholes. In western Tasmania karst has developed in limestone of Ordovican and Precambrian age and dolomite of Precambrian age. This paper briefly describes the response of railway engineers around the turn of the century to karst along the North Mt Lyell Company railway line in western Tasmania. Their efforts may be Australia's earliest example of karst engineering being necessary to the success of major development project. The paper commences by reviewing the impact of karst upon engineering and particularly upon the development of communications. It then describes in turn the history of the North Mt Lyell Company railway development, the karst terrain encountered by the railway engineers, and how the engineers responded to the difficulties imposed by the karst.


PURPOSE: A method for adhering a water-proof sheet of concrete water bath and a water-bath structure of the concrete water bath are provided to prevent defect after construction, such as humidity. CONSTITUTION: A method for adhering a water-proof sheet of concrete water bath comprises: a step of molding with a plastic material; a step of filling an adhesive for concrete inside the combining fixation groove; and a step of adhering the fixation member.


Objective To explore the effect of high quality nursing service mode on releasing the nurses' working initiative, subjective initiative and creativity. Methods The methods were taken as followed: strengthene nursing management; reducing the working pressure; personalized guidance; displaying nurses' advantages well; properly deal with the contradiction between doctors and nurses; flexible training forms; incentive and creating learning atmosphere. Results Patients' satisfaction based on the original had again rise, the medical staff received more pennants and appreciation letters. Conclusions High quality nursing service mode can release the nurses' subjective initiative and increase their comprehensive quality and patients' satisfaction.


Composed mainly of Li and Mn, and comprises Fd-3m space soldier cubic (立方 晶) spinel structure of a lithium manganese oxide particle powder, as a cohesive secondary particles composed of primary particles agglomerated state, the secondary particles of the aggregation state the average particle diameter (D50) is in the range of more than 20μm more than 4μm, in more than 80% of the number of the primary particles exposed on the surface of the secondary particles, the primary particles have the (111) plane is at least one or more 100 It forms the surface and neighboring polyhedron shape.


The variation of magnetic parameters due to the magnetic saturation and cross coupling can affect the efficiency and the stability of the control system in electrical machines, especially at high-speed operation. This paper presents an approach independent of the magnetic model parameters to control synchronous motors at the flux-weakening region. In this approach, a model order reduction technique is applied to reduce the finite element model of a synchronous machine. The stator current components and the flux linkage components are the inputs and the outputs of the reduced model, respectively. The reduced model and its inversion are employed to calculate the current reference components from the reference torque. Field oriented control scheme is utilized to implement the overall control system. The proposed control system is validated by means of simulation and experiment on a 2.2 kW permanent magnet synchronous machine.


E-service utilizing internet as a mean to interact and deliver services to users. The use of internet in e-service leads to increasing demands toward e-service providers. E-service providers are required to provide high-quality e-services and ensure that users get the best experience when using e-service. This study utilized Kano method to identify the impact of factors on the quality of e-services. Many studies suggested that Kano model is a better method to capture user needs. This study generated e-service quality measurement model. This model can be used by e-service provider as a tool to measure current e-service quality and as a guidance in developing a better e-service.


The utility model discloses a ceramic kettle with a decorative casing, which comprises a kettle body, a kettle cover, a heating assembly, a bottom casing and a power socket, wherein the decorative casing is arranged outside the kettle body; and a handle is arranged on the decorative casing. According to the ceramic kettle, the decorative casing on which the handle can be arranged is arranged outside the kettle body of the ceramic kettle, thus the aim of decorating and beautifying the ceramic kettle can be achieved and the risk that the hand parts of users are directly contacted with the outer wall of the kettle body to be scaled is avoided. In addition, the problem that the hands are easily scalded because the position of the handle of the ceramic kettle is over high is solved. Meanwhile, the decorative casing is sleeved outside the kettle body, thus liquid in the kettle body can be well thermally insulated, the repeated heating frequency of the liquid is reduced, energy sources are saved and the environmental protection can be achieved. The ceramic kettle has a simple and reasonable structure, is convenient for production and assembly and is safe and reliable for use.


Smallpox syndrome, also known as monkeypox, is an uncommon zoonotic viral infection brought on by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the genus orthopoxvirus and family Poxviridae. Injury-related mortality in primates ranges from 1 to 10%. Data mining is a method for analyzing data. Deep neural networks and traditional machine learning methods are both used in the data analysis process. The Python programming language is used during the comparison procedure of this research algorithm to generate values for accuracy, f1 score, precision, recall, ROC, and AUC. The test results demonstrate that using sigmoid activation function parameters, the deep neural network algorithm's accuracy is 70.08%, F1 score is 79.18%, precision is 68.59%, recall is 62.65%, and AUC is 62.65%. In comparison to using conventional machine learning algorithms, the adagrad optimizer with learning rate 0.01 and 0.2 dropout has a higher value. The conventional machine learning model algorithm has the best xgboost, F1 score, precision, recall, and AUC scores when compared to other approaches: 64.40%, 64.45%, and 78.14%. According to these numbers, the average fairness disparity between deep neural network algorithms and traditional machine learning is 5.68%, F1 score is 13.79%, precision is 4.14%, recall is 1.75%, and AUC is 1.75%.


Abstract. Because of its adaptability and other advantages i¼Œ disc mower has been widely applied to forage harvesting. The design of better forage harvester is the inevitable demand for the development of the livestock industry. The paper designed to build a disc mower cutting table bench. It provides a convenient to study how the parameters of each component affect forage harvest. The bench is powered by a hydraulic motor and includes a rack, drum, cutter and other parts. The tilt of disc can be adjusted and the disc and cutter can be replaced. The design depends on Catia and Adams, by means of 3D modeling, to optimize the design of its key parts. Through the simulation by Adams, the effect on the stubble height by the tilt of disc can be seen visually. The stubble height ranged between 0mm to12mm.


With the growing demands on the performance, cost, and the advances in packaging and interconnection technology, three-dimensional (3D) packaging provides higher density packaging and reduced electrical parasitic losses. On the other hand, thermal management of the 3D package and the influence of thermomechanical effects on the module reliability become important issues. This work assesses different shape and size configurations of the contact interface between the deposited copper metallization and the silicon device in a power electronic switching stage. Considering the thermal management and thermo-mechanically developed stresses, the best interconnect pattern is presented.


In this Ph.D. thesis, we study various backgrounds in Type IIB supergravity which admit interpretations in terms a dual field theory, and compute properties such as effective potentials and spectra, using both holographic and field theoretic methods. First, we study the phase structure of beta-deformed N=4 SYM on S3 at weak and strong 't Hooft coupling. We compute the one-loop effective potential, and find that at near critical chemical potential and small finite temperature, there is a metastable state at the origin of moduli space. We derive the gravitational background describing the theory at strong coupling, and by performing a probe-brane calculation, we find qualitative agreement between the weak and strong coupling results. Next, we study gravitational backgrounds obtained by wrapping Nc D5 color branes on an S2 inside a CY3-fold, and Nf D5 backreacting flavor branes on a non-compact two-cycle inside the same CY3-fold. These backgrounds are believed to be dual to certain SQCD-like theories. We compute how the spectrum depends on the number of flavors, and find that the mass of the lightest scalar glueball increases with the number of flavors until the point Nf=2Nc is reached after which the opposite behaviour is observed. Finally, we consider a class of backgrounds that exhibit walking behaviour, i.e. a suitably defined four-dimensional gauge coupling stays nearly constant in an intermediate energy regime. The breaking of approximate scale invariance has been conjectured to lead to the existence of a light scalar in the spectrum. This so-called dilaton would be the pseudo-Goldstone boson of dilatations. Using holographic techniques, we compute the spectrum and find a light state whose mass is suppressed by the length of the walking region, suggesting that this might be the dilaton.


Abstract In this article, a numerical solution for the Rosenau-Kawahara equation is considered. A new conservative numerical approximation scheme is presented to solve the initial boundary value problem of the Rosenau-Kawahara equation, which preserves the original conservative properties. The proposed scheme is based on the finite difference method. The existence of the numerical solutions for the scheme has been shown by Browder fixed point theorem. The priori bound and error estimates, as well as the conservation of discrete mass and discrete energy for the finite difference solutions, are discussed. The discrepancies of discrete mass and energy are computed and shown by the curves of these quantities over time. Unconditional stability, second-order convergence, and uniqueness of the scheme are proved based on the discrete energy method. Numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and confirm the theoretical analysis.


Since the last two decades, an intensive research has been carried out with the aim of enhancing the understanding of the human body response during non-penetrating ballistic impacts. Indeed, Less-...


We consider three problems from the recent issues of the American Mathematical Monthly involving different versions of Catalan triangle. Our main results offer generalizations of these identities and demonstrate automated proofs with additional twists, and on occasion we furnish a combinatorial proof.