Pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) results in increased total body water and capillary permeability. Ultrafiltration has been effective in removing this excess water. The con ventional method of ultrafiltration is restricted by the vol ume in the venous reservoir and therefore is inefficient in smaller children and neonates, whose blood volume is dis proportionately smaller than the circuit volume. Modified ultrafiltration, performed in the immediate post-CPB period, is more effective in these patients. Blood from the aorta is pumped through the ultrafilter, and warm concentrated blood is returned to the right atrium. This removes excess water from the patient and provides a method of salvaging volume from the circuit. Modified ultrafiltration results in consistent improvements in systolic blood pressure, cardiac index, and lung compliance, as well as a reduction in pul monary vascular resistance. Removal of various inflamma tory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor a, interleu kin-6, and interieukin-8, has been reported after modified ultrafiltration. Other advantages include an increase in he matocrit, colloid osmotic pressure, and coagulation factors, resulting in decreased bleeding and a decreased need for transfusions. In the animal model, improvement in cerebral recovery after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest has been reported. The disadvantages of this technique include the risk of air entrapment, delay in heparin reversal, and poten tial for cooling.


The Soviet critique of sport and physical culture has a Marxist-Leninist basis and emphasizes the utilitarian functions of physical culture within the overall social superstructure. One of its distinguishing features is an ongoing polemic with bourgeoise interpretations of sport and physical culture. Soviet scholars maintain that physical culture developed out of man's conscious desire to train himself for military and labor activity. One of the weaknesses of Soviet scholarship is its failure to examine closely the playful aspects of physical culture. Recent structuralist studies provide a basis for analyzing competitive sport's many complex roles, particularly its spectacular ones. The greatest strengths of the Soviet critique of sport and physical culture are its demonstration of the social character of sport and its stress on the role of sport and physical culture in personality development.


McFerran, K. and Sawyer, S. M. (2003). From recreation to creative expression: The essential features of an adolescent inpatient psychosocial support program. ANNALS: Journal of the Singaporean Medical Association [Special issue on Adolescence], 32, 64–70. McFerran-Skewes, K. and Grocke, D. E. (2000). What do grieving young people and music therapy have in common: Exploring the match between creativity and younger adolescents. European Journal of Palliative Care, 7(6), 227–230. Wigram, T. (2004). Improvisation: Methods and techniques for music therapy clinicians, educators and students. London: Jessica Kingsley.


The appointment of a new Editor-in-Chief can be seen as a time for reflection about the past and looking toward the future. I believe that the Journal of Orthodontics has moved forward in a number of ways in the last few years to the benefit of both the readers and those who wish to publish in it. The introduction of online submissions has improved and speeded up the process of reviewing, providing feedback to authors and publishing manuscripts. This is a major consideration for authors, but it also helps the readers by ensuring that the results of research are disseminated quickly and the journal can react rapidly to new developments. The Journal of Orthodontics has adopted new practices intended to improve reporting, promote transparency and help readers understand what the authors have done. These include the use of structured abstracts, as well as guidelines and checklists produced to standardize the reporting of randomized clinical trials (CONSORT) and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (QUOROM). I believe these have been useful for both readers and authors. The quality of the refereeing is extremely important to reassure readers that articles have been properly considered before being published. The Journal of Orthodontics recognizes that many referees of scientific submissions are qualified and willing to comment on the relevance of a submission, the appropriateness of the design to the objectives of the study and whether or not the conclusions are justified by the results, but they are not necessarily knowledgeable enough about statistics to comment upon the statistical analysis. The journal now undertakes an additional review by a statistician for all scientific manuscripts. This ensures that the statistical methods are appropriate and that they have been correctly applied and interpreted. This has undoubtedly improved the quality of articles. Journals are often criticized for failing to publish work that is of relevance to the practising clinician. Some studies seem too esoteric and obscure, others simply not applicable. The Journal of Orthodontics has published the results of several important clinical trials in the last few years, the results of which were of immediate clinical importance and we will continue to do so. However I believe it is also important to continue publishing work that might not seem at the time to have much practical application. It is sobering to remember that some important discoveries and inventions appeared to have no use initially. An example of this is the laser, the theoretical basis of which was postulated by Einstein in 1917. The first working version of a laser was made in 1960, but at the time it was described as 'a solution looking for a problem'. Nowadays the laser is an important component of many electrical items including bar code readers, CDs, DVDs and printers. Lasers have even been used in dentistry for the detection and removal of caries. Journal of Orthodontics, Vol. 35, 2008, 65–66


The invention discloses a hot pressing plate bending protection device. The hot pressing plate bending protection device comprises a rack and a fixed lower hot pressing plate, wherein the rack is provided with a continuous upper hot pressing plate; the rack is also provided with a pressurized oil cylinder used for pressurizing the upper hot pressing plate; the upper hot pressing plate is arranged to correspond to the lower hot pressing plate; and the rack is also provided with not less than three displacement sensors arranged along the length direction of the upper hot pressing plate and used for detecting a distance between the upper hot pressing plate and the lower hot pressing plate. As the lower hot pressing plate of a flat plate type continuous pressing machine is fixed, and only the upper hot pressing plate can move up and down along with the pressing technology requirement of a plate blank, the bending condition of the upper hot pressing plate is only necessary to control. The hot pressing plate bending protection device provided by the invention has the advantages of lowering equipment cost as the original expensive safety oil cylinder, matched hydraulic cylinder, and relevant procedures are unnecessary, adding no additional equipment and lowering hot pressing plate bending protection cost as the conventional displacement sensors and the conventional pressurized oil cylinder of the flat plate type continuous pressing machine are adopted.


Review(s) of: NDE Handbook - Non-destructive Examination Methods for Condition Monitoring, Edited by Knud G Boving, Published by Butterworths, 1989.


This paper presents an approach to establish model of seawater fire-fighting system based on Graph theory. Follow the steps given in this article, you can easily realize most of the functions of a given seawater fire-fighting system. Firstly, translate a given physical seawater fire-fighting system graph into the target graph in the form of knots and line based on Graph theory; then, by computing relationship of the hydrants and the water pumps, build the related matrix; and the last step, by matrix computing, analyze the system's function, and display all the results in a visualized computer program. Keywords-Seawater Fire-Fighting System, Graph theory, VC++.


The question of the transfer of an external independent key through trusted nodes, between which the keys obtained during the quantum key distribution are located, is investigated. It is shown that when pushing external ɛ K -secret key through a chain of trusted nodes connecting separate segments with ɛ i -secret keys obtained by quantum key distribution, the final matched key between the extreme nodes of the network turns out to be ε=εK+∑i=1Nsεi -secret (where i is the number of the network segment, N s is the number of network segments connecting the extreme nodes), provided that the external key is encrypted on the ɛ i –secret keys in the one-time pad mode. It is also shown that for any measurements of an eavesdropper providing him with additional information about the keys, the complexity of partial/complete search for an matched key is determined by the secrecy parameter ɛ.


Even though the 20th century has been astoundingly rich in polymath personalities, it is still difficult to find equals for such an all-around and erudite scholar and writer as Mircea Eliade. The dazzling array of literary and scholarly writings he produced may prove daunting to any researcher who would attempt to distill a single generative principle from his creative oeuvre. However, the task has been undertaken more than once; and it will be assumed one more time in the present essay, whose goal is to show that Eliade was decisively counter-modern in everything he wrote – whether literary, scholarly, or political. In the following pages, I shall re-read Eliade's scholarly, literary, and political work using this concept of the counter-modern as an ideological filter and key in order to demonstrate how the apparent proteism and entropy of Eliade's oeuvre thus becomes homogenous and consistent. A rather similar attempt of reducing the variety of Eliade's work to one generative concept was made quite recently, in 2010, by Moshe Idel, in his splendid article The Camouflaged Sacred in Mircea Eliade's Self-Perception, Literature, and Scholarship. Idel groups Eliade's novels, novellas, and plays into literaria, his scholarly work into academica, and his autobiography and journals into personalia, and demonstrates brilliantly that all these three categories are informed by the concept of the "camouflage of the sacred" (Idel 2010, 159–170). This concept was recurrently used by Eliade himself in some of his most important theoretical writings, including Patterns in Comparative Religion (1958) and the first volume of the History of Religious Ideas (1981). After reading Moshe Idel's article, one cannot but be convinced that, indeed, the camouflage of the sacred is the basic concept in Eliade's personalia, literaria, and academica, and that Eliade himself wanted all his writings to be read in accordance with this concept of the camouflaged sacred. Idel provides ample proof to support these two ideas, mainly in Eliade's personalia, and here in particular in his autbiography and journals. While it is still problematic to decide whether one may draw definitive conclusions for the academica and literaria solely based on personalia, Idel's demonstration is nevertheless plausible: even though extremely variegated, Eliade's work coagulates around the concept of the "camouflage of the sacred"; or, in Idel's The counter-modern Eliade. "Wiederverzauberung der Welt" in the life and work of Mircea Eliade


Hispanic adults have the highest prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, which imposes a substantial risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Identification of Hispanic children at risk for the metabolic syndrome is critical for prevention of these chronic illnesses. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors that can be used in the primary care setting to identify Hispanic children who have multiple metabolic syndrome components. Eighty-six elementary school students (5-12 years of age; 96% Hispanic) from a school-based health screening program were evaluated for family history of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the first- or second-degree relative, body mass index (BMI), acanthosis nigricans (AN), and the following metabolic syndrome components: impaired fasting glucose (glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL), hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 110 mg/dL), low HDL cholesterol (≤ 40 mg/dL), and high blood pressure (systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile). Associations between the above risk factors and components of the metabolic syndrome were examined. Among the 86 children, 23% had a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, 22% had AN, 7% had impaired glucose tolerance; 22% had hypertriglyceridemia; 42% had low HDL cholesterol; and 17% had hypertension. The presence of zero, one, two, and three or more features of the metabolic syndrome was 44, 33, 15, and 8%, respectively. As BMI increased, the number of metabolic syndrome components increased (Mantel-Haenszel Χ2 = p


This work seeks to explain and promote the presence of humanistic studies in a school of communication, specifically, in the School of Communication and Languages at Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. It shows a reflection and a proposal for undergraduate study programs through the incorporation of humanities, a component that serves as a basis for the construction and development of both disciplinary and professional training. Human science studies are of paramount importance for the professional practice of communicators, journalists, language teachers, or information scientists. Additionally, they foster plural and multi-dimensional thinking in students, thus enabling them to embrace perspectives and realities other than their own.


At present, the majority of the research on dynamic model of rolling bearings with multiple faults is conducted on the assumption that the displacement deviation between raceway and rolling element changes instantaneously. However, the deviation should vary gradually. As a result, an asymptotic model of rolling bearings with multiple faults on outer raceway is established, considering the interaction of multiple faults. Synchroextracting transformation method is employed to describe the joint time-frequency distribution of the faulty rolling bearings. The discrepancies between the asymptotic model and the traditional model are contrasted and analyzed via simulation modeling. Simultaneously, the effects of fault number and fault interval on the joint time-frequency distribution are investigated. Finally, experiments are performed to verify the rationality of the established model. Simulation results demonstrate that the joint time-frequency distribution derived by the asymptotic model includes not only the fault characteristic frequency but also the rotating frequency. The central frequency increases in a multiple of the fault characteristic frequency as the fault number increase, as does its energy amplitude. Only when multiple faults are uniformly distributed among the interval range of rolling elements, the energy amplitude of the central frequency can reach the maximum. The energy amplitude of the rotating frequency scarcely changes as the fault interval and fault number vary.


To compare the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the characterization of cystic renal lesions.

 Thirty-six adult patients underwent MRI (at 1.5 T), and DWI (at b-values of 0, 400 and 800 s/mm2) for characterization of 63 cystic renal lesions. There were 16 malignant renal cystic lesions (9 cystic clear cell RCC, 4 cystic papillary RCC, 3 massively necrotic RCC) opposite to 37 benign renal cystic lesions, 6 renal abscesses and 4 renal hemorrhagic cysts. A composite reference standards including histology, typical imaging criteria, and follow-up imaging was employed. To determine the diagnostic performance of imaging modalities, area-under-curve (AUC) was calculated by receiver-operating-characteristic analysis and compared. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the diagnostic accuracies and confidence levels with MRI, and MRI + DWI. Furthermore, DWI-ADC cutoff point to detect malignant cystic renal lesions, had been estimated and its diagnostic performance had been tested in term of sensitivity and specificity, PPD and NPV as compared to that of CE-MRI

 AUC for CE-MRI (0.915) and DW-MRI (0.834) in the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions (among all study cases) were within corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) (P > 0.5), furthermore A cutoff ADC point of ≤ 2.26 x10 − 3 mm2/s can be considered as diagnostic threshold for malignant cystic renal lesion lesions (among all study cases) with 87.5% sensitivity, 87.2% specificity, 70.0% PPV, 95.3% NPV, opposite to 100% sensitivity, 82.9% specificity, 66.7% PPV, 100% NPV for the CE-MRI. AUC for CE-MRI (0.976) and DW-MRI (0.917) in the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions (after exclusion of renal abscess and renal hemorrhagic cysts from study cases) were within corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) (P = >0.5), A cutoff ADC point of ≤ 2.84 x10 − 3 mm2/s could be considered as diagnostic threshold for malignant cystic renal lesion lesions (after exclusion of renal abscess and renal hemorrhagic cysts from study cases) with 93.7% sensitivity, 91.9% specificity, 83.3 PPV, 97.1 NPV, opposite to 100% sensitivity, 95.12% specificity, 88.9% PPV, 100% NPV for the CE-MRI.

 Our study showed that malignant cystic renal masses had tendency toward restricted diffusivity and significant lower ADCs in comparison to benign ones, and diagnostic performance of DWI-ADC at b-value of 0-400-800 s/mm2 appeared as efficient as that of CE-MRI in differential between benign and malignant cystic lesions, especially when usage of contrast medium is contraindicated, however there is noticeable ADC overlapping among some malignant and benign lesions, specifically for renal carcinomas versus renal abscesses as well as for renal cell carcinoma versus renal hemorrhagic cysts, For such situation we need to consider clinical data, follow up notes, and correlates with findings of conventional MRI to optimize the characterization of cystic renal lesion before establishment of proper management plan.


Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disability worldwide and is a well understood risk factor in a number of diseases, including cancers of the head and neck. In 2019 over half of UK smokers reported interest in quitting, however, continue to do so. We assessed referrals made to the cessation service by the Ear Nose & Throat (ENT) department across the health board with the aim of raising awareness and improving smoking cessation referrals.

 Working with the smoking cessation team, we retrospectively assessed the clinical information of all patients referred by ENT over an 8-month period during 2019. The results of which, were presented departmentally with the goal of raising awareness of the service. Posters were also created detailing the referral process to aid junior doctors on surgical wards. Data was then re-audited over the subsequent 9-month period.

 Initially, 33 patients were referred over the first 8-month period, averaging 4 per month with 44% of patients already having laryngeal cancer. After our interventions, the total number of referrals increased with 74 over the 9-month period, averaging 8 referrals per month with 28% of patients having laryngeal cancer association.

 Overall, there was a significant 135% increase in the number of referrals made, both cancer and non-cancer. The increase made in monthly referrals suggests a sustainable change. The percentage decrease of cancer patients referred and overall increase in number of referrals, represents the reduction of smoking being a risk factor of developing laryngeal cancer in ENT patients.


The main goal of welding aluminium with double focus technique is to improve the quality of the welding result, that means to reduce porosity and to avoid melt ejection. The idea behind this approach, namely utilizing two or more individual focal spots on the workpiece instead of just one, is to shape the keyhole geometry such that the tendency of a keyhole collapse is considerably reduced. With one spot or with a small distance between the two laser spots, the weld bead is irregular and a high number of process pores can be observed. With a larger focal distance the bead is becoming stable and the porosity is reduced dramatically. At the same time, however, the welding depth is decreasing compared to the situation with a small focal distance. The best quality was achieved at the focal distance 0.6 mm. In this case, pores which are larger in diameter than 0.6 mm were avoided completely and the number of smaller pores is strongly reduced. After a further separation of the keyhole the number of pores increases again. Whereas the process quality can be improved by appropriate arrangement of the spots some reduction of the process efficiency might occur.


Abstract : The commercialization of space has considerably changed the playing field within satellite communications. No longer is space owned and used solely by nation states. Many satellites, particularly communications satellites, are privately owned and operated and are used by both the private and military sectors. Commercial systems such as Orion, Panamsat, Iridium and Globalstar will provide the U.S. military and its potential adversaries with a relatively inexpensive and highly effective means to increase the command, control and communications (C3) capabilities of their respective forces. Because of this dual use of commercial communication satellites, what was once just a commercial satellite has the potential to become a military target. The Joint Task Force (JTF) Commander may want to deny or impede an adversary's access to commercial satellite communications in order to disrupt his C3 capabilities. In this paper, I will examine the application of force against commercial communication satellites applying the implications of the diverse ownership of communication satellites and the current treaties and laws.


The invention provides a ring push device which comprises a left clamp arm and a right clam arm, the left clamp arm is hinged to the right clamp arm, a right semicircular hood and a left semicircular hood are designed on the upper end of the left clamp arm and the upper end of the right clamp arm respectively, a left groove is designed in the outer edge of the upper end of the left semicircular hood, a right groove is designed in the outer edge of the upper end of the right semicircular hood, the left groove and the right groove are formed in the same horizontal line, the left semicircular hood corresponds to the right semicircular hood, the left clamp arm and the right semicircular hood are integrated, the right clamp arm and the left semicircular hood are integrated, and insections are designed on the inner surfaces of the left semicircular hood and the right semicircular hood.


Mountain forests provide the main water resources and lumber for Northwest China. The understanding of the differences in forests growing among individual slope aspects in mountainous regions is of great significance to the wise management and planning of these natural systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slope aspect on forest dynamic succession in Northwest China by using the dynamic forest succession model (FAREAST). First, the simulated forest composition and vertical forest zonation produced by the model were compared against recorded data in three sub-regions of the Altai Mountains. The FAREAST model accurately reproduced the vertical zonation, forest composition, growth curves of the dominant species (Larix sibirica), and forest biomass in the Altai Mountains. Transitions along the forest zones of the Altai Mountains averaged about a 400 m difference between the northern and southern sites. Biomass for forests on north-facing slopes were 11.0, 15.3 and 55.9 t C ha−1 higher than for south-facing slopes in the Northeast, Central and Southeast sub-regions, respectively. Second, our analyses showed that the FAREAST model can be used to predict dynamic forest succession in Northwest China under the influence of slope and aspect. In the Altai Mountains, the north-facing slopes supported the best forest growth, followed by the west- and east-facing slopes. South-facing slopes consistently exhibited the lowest growth, biomass storage and forest diversity.


In September 12th 2001 the Swedish Prime Minister Goran Persson performed a speech in the parliament in memory of the attacks of World Trade Center and Pentagon. He talked about how vulnerable our democracies are, when faced with forces that are prepared to challenge the very essence of democracy - the inviolable human dignity. What our Prime Minister did not know was the action they would take in the fight against terrorism and that they would be the force that challenges the very essence of democracy. In this study I will do an analysis based on a theory that security is the overriding principle rather than the law when it comes to counter-terrorism. For the analysis I will use the case of Ahmed Agiza who was a suspected terrorist back home in Egypt, and were rejected from Sweden because of secret evidence even though there were a risk for him being tortured. The aim is to find out if there are any signs that it is a security principle that governs in the case of Ahmed Agiza.


A feedforward control method based on sensor fusing is proposed to improve the bandwidth of disturbance suppression for compound axis servomechanism tracking system (CASTS). This method takes advantage of the fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG) and the fine charge couple device (FCCD). Two sensor signals are decoupled and fused to obtain a precise observation of the disturbance. The FOG signal contains disturbance information and target moving information, yet the target information cannot be used for feedforward because it'll deteriorate target tracking capability of the system. The high-pass filter is designed to filter out the low-frequency target signal. However, the high-frequency sampling of the fine FCCD sensor is insufficient. To avoid the inappropriate high-frequency signal of the FCCD, the complementary low-pass filter is applied to the FCCD. An accurate disturbance observation can be achieved by decoupling and fusing the FOG signal and the FCCD signal. The fused disturbance is fed forward to the fast- steering mirror (FSM) which possesses a higher control bandwidth to achieve the line-of-sight (LOS) stabilization control. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted to verify the disturbance rejecting performance of the proposed method. The results indicate that the disturbance suppression performance of the system can be significantly improved by applying the proposed method. A higher disturbance rejection band and a higher disturbance rejection ratio (DRR) can be obtained compared to the conventional control method.


This work investigates the influence of directional properties of decoherence on kinetics rate equations. The physical reality is understood as a chain of unitary and decoherence events. The former are quantum-deterministic, while the latter introduce uncertainty and increase entropy. For interactions of matter and antimatter, two approaches are considered: symmetric decoherence, which corresponds to conventional symmetric (CP-invariant) thermodynamics, and antisymmetric decoherence, which corresponds to antisymmetric (CPT-invariant) thermodynamics. Radiation, in its interactions with matter and antimatter, is shown to be decoherence-neutral. The symmetric and antisymmetric assumptions result in different interactions of radiation with matter and antimatter. The theoretical predictions for these differences are testable by comparing absorption (emission) of light by thermodynamic systems made of matter and antimatter. Canonical typicality for quantum mixtures is briefly discussed in Appendix A.


The origin of large-scale magnetic fields in clusters of galaxies remains controversial. The intergalactic magnetic field within filaments should be less polluted by magnetised outflows from active galaxies than magnetic fields in clusters. Therefore, filaments may be a better laboratory to study magnetic field amplification by structure formation than galaxy clusters, which typically host many more active galaxies. We present highly resolved cosmological adaptive mesh refinement simulations of magnetic fields in the cosmos and make predictions about the evolution and structure of magnetic fields in filaments. Comparing our results to observational evidence of magnetic fields in filaments suggests that amplification of seed fields by gravitational collapse is not sufficient to produce intergalactic medium fields. Finally, implications for cosmic ray transport and the impact of magnetic fields on delayed photons from gamma-ray bursts are discussed. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In this experiment,the dynamic changes of temperature,volume and nutrition of smashed corn straw with 5 microbial added during composting process were studied in order to select a microbial agent which suited to the single fermentation of corn straw.The results showed that the microbial agent inoculation could promote the composting process significantly,and the fermentation effect of "Jinbaobei" and "Manyuanchun" appeared better.The temperature for the treatments of "Jinbaobei" agent and "Manyuanchun" agent added increased quicker than that for the other treatments and CK.The duration of 50℃ high temperature lasted for over five days,the volume of fermenting corn straw decreases larger,and the nutrition release appeared most;Oganic quick rotten agent and Qingdao longli are the second;HM fementation base is the third.Compared to CK,when fermenting for 30 days all the treatments lost the peculiar smell,appeared an obvious decreasing in volume,and grew large amount of mycelium which symbolized the corn straw had been fermented on the whole.Changes of the total N content appeared in an adverse trend to that of the available N in all five treatments,with the former decreased first and then increased whereas the later increased first and then decreased during fermentation.Total P,available P,total K and available K all showed increasing trends during the fermentation process.Whereas the the temperature and nutrient dynamic change for CK were flat.


Social theories-beliefs about relations between variables in the social environment-are often used in making judgments, predictions, or decisions. Three experiments on the role of explanation in the development and use of social theories were presented. We found that explaining how or why two variables might be related leads to an increased belief in and use of the explained theory. A counterexplanation task was found to be effective in eliminating this initial explanation bias (Experiments 2 & 3). These explanation and counterexplanation effects occurred in a variety of theory domains (Experiment I), with simple belief measures (Experiments I & 3), and with complex social judgments involving multiple predictor variables (Experiment 2). Finally, we found that such new, explanationinduced beliefs did not lead to biased evaluation of new data. However, exposure to new data indicating a zero relation between the social variables in question only moderated the explanation-induced theories; it did not eliminate them (Experiment 3). Implications for decision making in real-world contexts and for understanding the cognitive processes underlying explanation effects in the present and in related judgment domains were also examined. Social judgments and decisions, ranging from the trivial to the absolutely crucial, frequently are made using social theories of dubious validity. By social theories we mean beliefs people hold about how and in what way variables in the social environment are related (cf. Anderson, Lepper, & Ross, 1980). Consider the decisions faced by emergency room doctors when presented with a 3-year-old child admitted for treatment of head injuries, bruises, and lacerations possibly due to parental child abuse. Should the attending physicians call the police, or try to get the parents to see the hospital counseling personnel, or simply ignore the evidence of child abuse? The decision will be based on the physicians' social theories about the effects of various interventions on the social, emotional, physical, and intellectual well-being of abused children. Some may believe that legal prosecution of the parents, perhaps resulting in the courts placing the child in a foster or adoptive home, produces the best outcomes for abused children. Others may believe that family counseling, without legal intervention, is best. Still others may feel that legal and psychological interventions are both worse than doing nothing-namely, that the parents will probably not engage in abusive behaviors again, and that they will provide the best environment for their own child. Or consider political decisions concerning national defense issues. Should the United States continue the present massive build-up of nuclear and nonnuclear forces? People's judgments will depend on their social theories relating these actions to the responses of the Soviets. Do threatening gestures promote peace


We recently established a metallothionein‐I(MT)/RET transgenic mouse line in which skin melanosis, benign melanocytic tumor and malignant melanoma develop stepwise. Malignant melanoma cells but not benign melanocytic tumor cells had metastatic ability in transgenic mice. In the present study, we investigated the expression of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), including MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐7, MMP‐9, MT1– MMP, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2, in these tumors. Western and northern blot analyses revealed that malignant transformation of melanocytic tumors developed in MT/RET transgenic mice accompanied with upregulation of MMP‐9 and downregulation of TIMP‐2. Expression of other MMP and TIMP genes examined was very low or undetectable in both benign and malignant tumors. Since activation of MMP‐9 in malignant tumors was detected by gelatin zymography, these results suggest that imbalance of expression of the MMP‐9 and TIMP‐2 genes might be associated with metastatic ability of melanoma cells developed in MT/RET transgenic mice.


A paper/board web is coated with a plane-fed curtain coater by determining a cross-thickness profile of a coating material layer (1-3) on top of a flow plane (35) downstream of feed slot associated with the layer. Coating a paper/board web with a plane-fed curtain coater comprising a nozzle beam (40) provided with a feed chamber (12) and nozzle slot (30) in connection with the beam for feeding a layer of coating material onto a flow plane established by the nozzle beam involves determining the cross-thickness profile of the coating material layer on top of the flow plane downstream of the feed slot associated with the discussed layer, and that, on the basis of the discovered cross-thickness profile of the coating material layer, the feed rate of the coating material layer from the feed chamber to the feed slot is subjected to a manipulation profiled crosswise of a web (W) to achieve a desired cross-profile for the coating material layer. An independent claim is also included for an arrangement for conducting a method comprising measuring elements for measuring the cross-thickness profile of three single coating material layerly across the entire width of a web on top of a flow plane, and that the arrangement comprises regulating elements for regulating the feed rate of a coating material for said at least one coating material layer in a cross-web profiled manner on the basis of data received from the measurement to achieve a desired cross-profile for a coating material layer.


The first and rate‐limiting step of the kynurenine pathway, in which tryptophan (Trp) is converted to N‐formylkynurenine is catalyzed by two heme‐containing proteins, Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), and Tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (TDO). In mammals, TDO is found exclusively in liver tissue, IDO is found ubiquitously in all tissues. IDO has become increasingly popular in pharmaceutical research as it was found to be involved in many physiological situations, including immune escape of cancer. More importantly, small‐molecule inhibitors of IDO are currently utilized in cancer therapy. One of the main concerns for the design of human IDO (hIDO) inhibitors is that they should be selective enough to avoid inhibition of TDO. In this work, we have used a combination of classical molecular dynamics (MD) and hybrid quantum‐classical (QM/MM) methodologies to establish the structural basis that determine the differences in (a) the interactions of TDO and IDO with small ligands (CO/O2) and (b) the substrate stereo‐specificity in hIDO and TDO. Our results indicate that the differences in small ligand bound structures of IDO and TDO arise from slight differences in the structure of the bound substrate complex. The results also show that substrate stereo‐specificity of TDO is achieved by the perfect fit of L‐Trp, but not D‐Trp, which exhibits weaker interactions with the protein matrix. For hIDO, the presence of multiple stable binding conformations for L/D‐Trp reveal the existence of a large and dynamic active site. Taken together, our data allow determination of key interactions useful for the future design of more potent hIDO‐selective inhibitors. Proteins 2010; © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We previously identified three genes that encode putative visual cycle proteins that are homologues of retinal G‐protein coupled receptor (Ci‐opsin3), cellular retinaldehyde‐binding protein (Ci‐CRALBP) and β‐carotene 15,15′‐monooxygenase (Ci‐BCO) in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Ci‐opsin3 and Ci‐CRALBP are localized in both ocellus photoreceptor cells and surrounding non‐photoreceptor cells in the brain vesicle of the larva. In the present study, we investigated the possible role and evolutionary origin of the BCO/RPE65 family in the visual cycle by analyzing Ci‐BCO localization by immunohistochemistry and by identifying a novel gene that encodes a homologue of retinal pigment epithelium–specific 65 kDa protein (Ci‐RPE65) in C. intestinalis. In situ hybridization and expressed sequence tag (EST) profiles consistently suggest that Ci‐RPE65 is not significantly expressed in the ocellus and brain vesicle of the larva. Ci‐RPE65 is expressed in the neural complex, a photoreceptor organ of the adult ascidian, at a level comparable to that of Ci‐opsin3 and Ci‐CRALBP. Ci‐RPE65 is also expressed in various adult tissues, including the gill, body wall and intestine, suggesting that Ci‐RPE65 plays a role in addition to that in the visual cycle. In contrast, Ci‐BCO is predominantly localized in ocellus photoreceptor cells of the larva. The larval visual cycle seems to use Ci‐opsin3 as a photoisomerase. Our results also suggest that the RPE65‐dependent visual cycle is used in the adult photoreceptors of a primitive chordate.


It disclosed herein for the expression of one or more sequences to the cells targeted integration and / or excision of targeting methods and compositions, e.g., for one or more polypeptides of interest.


Western Ghats are one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world which stretches parallel to west cost of India. Climatic conditions are congenial for establishment of diverse mushroom flora. In this study, five Jelly mushroom species were collected during the monsoon season of 2015 from the Western Ghats region of Karnataka (India). Of the five Jelly fungi collected, two species were identified as Auricularia delicata (brown strain) and A. delicata (white strain) based on phenotypic characters. The other three Jelly fungi were identified using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. The sequence alignment made with available data base in the National Centre for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) showed 89%, 99% and 96% homology with Auricularia polytricha, Tremella fuciformis and Dacryopinax spathularia respectively.


The proposed expedition of a lone explorer and the use of Nimbus 6 (NASA meteorological research satellite) to track his journey is reported. The journey is scheduled to start March 4, 1978, and will cover a distance of 6.000 Km (3,728 miles) from northern Canada to the North Pole and return, traveling the length of Greenland's isolated interior. The mode of transportation for the explorer will be by dog sled. Instrumentation and tracking techniques are discussed.


For almost two years now, the world has been facing major economic challenges, precisely struggling how to adjust the business in a period of a pandemic. It can be said with great certainty that there are very few economic entities to which the pandemic has left no trace or caused visible consequences on business. However, we can perceive the crisis as a chance for further development or an opportunity to show that we can achieve better results compared to the competition. One of the ways to improve the usage of mobile application in catering facilities is the implementation of digital technologies. Accordingly, the main goal of this paper is to determine whether there is an impact of digital technologies on the usage of mobile application in catering facilities. The methods used for the research will be a survey as a method of quantitative research, and an interview as a method of qualitative research. The expected results of the research are to determine whether there is an impact of the of digital technologies on the usage of mobile application at catering facilities.


Acutefulminant pancreatitis isassociated withsignificant morbidity andmortality. To examinetheoutcomeofconservative and surgical treatment ofthis disorder, 36patients whosurvived aninitial episode wererestudied after a mean ofsix years.Fifty three percent haddeveloped diabetes mellitus, half ofwhom required insulin therapy. Pancreatic resection was associated witha 100%frequency of diabetes, while only26%ofthose treated with peritoneal lavage developed this(p<0001). Insulin secretion andsensitivity wereassessed using thehyperglycaemic glucose clamptechnique. First phaseinsulin secretion was impaired insurgically treated patients (mean (SEM)14(5)[tU/mlX 10minutes) compared withconservatively treated patients andcontrol subjects (144(66) and87(12)[tU/mlX 10 minutes, respectively; p<0.05). Second phase and'maximal' insulin secretion were alsoimpaired among thesurgically treated patients comparedwiththeconservatively treated patients andthecontrols. Insulin sensitivity was reduced among thesurgically treated patients (2.88 (58)mglkg.minute) whencompared withconservatively treated patients and healthy control subjects (5.87 (1.02) and6-45 (0.66) mglkg.minute; p<005). Pancreatic resection isassociated with averyhighfrequency of diabetes compared withperitoneal lavage, and these results favour conservative treatment of active fIlminant pancreatitis whenever possible.


This paper focuses on the prediction of one ageing mode of a multilayered material. Ageing is caused by the presence of a chemical gradient that gives rise to diffusion. This work aims at studying the thermo-mechanical and diffusion couplings. Ageing (i.e., diffusion) generates a gradient of thermal and mechanical properties whose coefficients can be obtained by homogenisation techniques. Because of the low scale of observation, practical studies are performed by an EDX method in an SEM. It enables us to measure concentration profiles with a very good accuracy if measurement artefacts, such as the effect of the pear shaped volume of X-ray emission, are accounted for. It follows that the chemical composition of bellows is measured and allows us to evaluate the kinetics of elastic and thermal coefficients of the material with time. Introduction The study is concerned with a high precision pressure sensor. It uses bellows that convert a pressure difference into a displacement. The high precision and airtightness of bellows require to make them as a Ni/Cu/Ni (overall thickness: 100μm) layered material obtained by an electrodeposition process on an aluminium mandrel that is dissolved in a potassium hydroxide bath to obtain the bellows (see Fig. 1a). Since nickel grows in a nodular shape during the process (Fig. 1b), it cannot provide the required airtightness. Conversely, copper deposits in a continuous multilayer that is able to prevent helium diffusion through the thickness. Consequently, a copper layer is inserted between two layers of nickel. This configuration allows one to minimise the "softening" effect of copper on the mechanical behaviour of bellows since bending is the predominant loading pattern. Figure 1. a) Optical micrograph of the multilayered material. b) Optical micrograph in polarised light of nickel nodules after chemical corrosion with regal water. a b Such components are expected to stay in-service for many decades, thus they require to predict the material's ageing mode. The study of the main energies (from whom the driving forces are derived) available in this configuration allows one to list the ageing mode that might happen. Numerous ageing modes are possible and must be investigated but the most important one for this configuration seems to be caused by the chemical gradient that gives rise to Ni/Cu diffusion (another mode might be an evolution of the granular structure for example). Consequently, the mechanical behaviour of the bellows will evolve over time and the determination of the diffusion coefficients in this case enables one to predict stiffness changes induced by diffusion. This paper first focuses on a short presentation of the couplings that can be expected between mechanical properties, which are restricted to elasticity, interdiffusion and heat transfer. Then, practical studies of diffusion and the determination of the associated coefficients are performed for moderate temperatures. Finally, homogenisation techniques allow us to evaluate the change of the thermomechanical properties of the effective material with time. Thermo-mechanical and diffusion couplings The different couplings of interest are presented in Fig. 2. The linear behaviour of materials is now well known, thus the thermo-elastic coupling can be studied with a classical formulation, which is based on the expression of thermodynamic potentials and the derived state laws [1]. The effect of the temperature on diffusion is modelled by an Arrhenius law for the evolution of the diffusion coefficient D with temperature T. The influence of elasticity on diffusion has not been studied yet but has been discussed by Philibert [2] or Beke [3]. Finally, the dependence of the coefficient of thermal conductivity h and the elastic modulus E with the chemical composition of the bilayered material can be obtained by using the same homogenisation techniques. Therefore, the change of these coefficients with time is determined since diffusion coefficients are known. Practical studies of diffusion Bellows are usually utilised at an average temperature close to room temperature. For this range of temperature, grain boundary diffusion is predominant over volume diffusion [4]. Usually, it is necessary to analyse separately these two mechanisms. However, for electroplated material, the microstructure is so small (Fig. 1) compared to the scale of observation that the two diffusion modes have not been distinguished. The investigations are limited to the determination of global diffusion coefficients. Figure 2. Overall view of the thermo-mechanical and diffusion couplings. Elasticity Heat transfer Diffusion (Evolution in composition) Additional terms in the Fick's law (called "Nernst") E(Composition) D(T) h(Composition) Classical couplings Concentration profiles measurement Increasing the temperature allows one to activate the diffusion process and high rates of diffusion are therefore obtained in reasonable time durations. It is important to note that the relative importance of the two mechanisms of diffusion is modified and that other mechanisms could be activated. The evaluation of diffusion coefficients requires low scales of observation. Therefore, practical studies are performed by an EDX method in an SEM. It enables one to identify and quantify the chemical compounds within a depth of about one micrometer. A mass concentration resolution of about one percent can be obtained in suitable conditions, i.e., measurement artefacts must be considered. The software used to analyse the results of an EDX microprobe usually corrects standard artefacts. However, in the case of diffusion profile, there is an artefact that is generally not treated. It can be called pear effect and is caused by the shape of the X-ray emission volume whose dimensions can be of the same order of magnitude as the penetration length of diffusion. A quantitative study of this phenomenon in the case of close atomic number elements (such as nickel and copper), if no dependence of the coefficient of diffusion with the composition is assumed, has shown that the apparent diffusion coefficient D measured by an EDX probe follows the simple law [5]


Over 50% of genes in Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest human malaria parasite, contain predicted introns, yet experimental characterization of splicing in this organism remains incomplete. We present here a transcriptome-wide characterization of intraerythrocytic splicing events, as captured by RNA-Seq data from four timepoints of a single highly synchronous culture. Gene model-independent analysis of these data in conjunction with publically available RNA-Seq data with HMMSplicer, an in-house developed splice site detection algorithm, revealed a total of 977 new 5′ GU-AG 3′ and 5 new 5′ GC-AG 3′ junctions absent from gene models and ESTs (11% increase to the current annotation). In addition, 310 alternative splicing events were detected in 254 (4.5%) genes, most of which truncate open reading frames. Splicing events antisense to gene models were also detected, revealing complex transcriptional arrangements within the parasite's transcriptome. Interestingly, antisense introns overlap sense introns more than would be expected by chance, perhaps indicating a functional relationship between overlapping transcripts or an inherent organizational property of the transcriptome. Independent experimental validation confirmed over 30 new antisense and alternative junctions. Thus, this largest assemblage of new and alternative splicing events to date in Plasmodium falciparum provides a more precise, dynamic view of the parasite's transcriptome.


Introduction. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is one of the diseases of the central nervous system that can occur in people with AIDS. Cerebral toxoplasmosis occupies third place among fatal diseases that can occur in people with AIDS. Prevalence of toxoplasmosis is about 25-30% of the world's human population, and in Asia it is as high as 40%. Risk factors for developing cerebral toxoplasmosis is needed to be sought to to find out risk factors that triggers and acts as protective factors for toxoplasmosis cerebral in HIV-positive patients Methods. Two reviewers searched PubMed and Medline to identify cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. Two independent reviewers searched the databases, identified studies and extracted data. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for the data screening. Results. Four studies were included. Two prospective cohort studies, one multicenter cohort study and one case control study. Age was not found to have a role as a risk factor. Gender was shown to have significant in one study (Male vs female OR 0.47 95% CI 0.25-0.88, p = 0.02). CD4 <100 increased the risk of toxoplasmosis by 27.94 times, while CD4 0-50 increased the risk by 10.82 times. HIV viral load > 100.000 was associated with 5.10 times higher to develop cerebral toxoplasma. Prophylaxis therapy using cotrimoxazole can reduce the risk of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Conclusion. Age, female sex, low CD4 cell count, and high HIV viral load increase the risk of cerebral toxoplasmosis, whereas ART therapy and prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole can reduce the risk.


The cardiac flow is complex and multidirectional, and difficult to measure with conventional Doppler ultrasound (US) methods due to the one-dimensional and angle-dependent velocity estimation. The vector velocity method Transverse Oscillation (TO) has been proposed as a solution to this. TO is implemented on a conventional US scanner (Pro Focus 2202 UltraView, BK Medical) using a linear transducer (8670, BK Medical) and can provide real-time, angle-independent vector velocity estimates of the cardiac blood flow. During cardiac surgery, epicardiac US examinations using TO were performed on three patients. Antegrade central jet and retrograde flow near the vessel wall in the ascending aorta and the pulmonary artery were seen during systole, while stable vortices were seen in the aortic sinuses and complex flow patterns were seen around the valves during diastole. In the right atrium, a stable vortex was seen during the entire heart cycle. For comparison, simultaneous measurements were obtained with conventional spectral Doppler (SD) and intravenous catheter thermodilution technique (TD). Peak systolic velocities were underestimated by 18% compared to SD and cardiac output was underestimated by 16% compared to TD. This is the first time TO measurements have been obtained of cardiac flow. TO can potentially reveal new information of cardiovascular physiology and blood flow dynamics, and become a valuable tool in cardiology.


This paper discusses the application of FLUENT™ in the analysis of grate-fired biomass boilers. A short description of the concept used to model fuel conversion on the grate and the coupling to the CFD code is offered. The development and implementation of a CFD-based deposition model is presented in the reminder of the paper. The growth of deposits on furnace walls and super heater tubes is treated including the impact on heat transfer rates determined by the CFD code. Based on the commercial CFD code FLUENT™, the overall model is fully implemented through the User Defined Functions. The model is configured entirely through a graphical user interface integrated in the standard FLUENT™ interface. The model considers fine and coarse mode ash deposition and sticking mechanisms for the complete deposit growth, as well as an influence on the local boundary conditions for heat transfer due to thermal resistance changes. The model is applied to the straw-fired Masnedo boiler. Results are in good qualitative agreement with both measurements and observations at the plants. Nomenclature A Area [m] Cc Cunningham slip correction [-] Cf Friction factor [-] Cv Constant volume specific heat [J/(kg K)] d Diameter [m] dm Molecular diameter [m] dt Incremental time [s] f Fraction [-] F Force [N] k Thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] kB Boltzmann's constant [J/K] k + Dimensionless roughness height [-] Kn Knudsen number [-] L1 Lift force on particle [N] m Mass [kg]


The paper analyses the two judgments (decision no. 207/2018 and decision no. 242/2019) of the Italian Constitutional Court concerning the so-called "Cappato case". The paper focuses on the evolution of the double-decision so-called "doppia-pronuncia", which in this constitutional trial becomes a two-step decision. By framing these issues, the paper addresses the following questions. Why does the Court decide to postpone the decision? Can we recognise a connection between the first and the second judgment? How this new pattern of deciding may impact the effectiveness of the monito-decision?


The caloric test was conducted on pigeons in two different ways: 'external calorization', stimulation by irrigation of the external ear canal, and 'internal calorization', stimulation through a coil w


Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a leading cause of long-term mortality in patients who have undergone cardiac transplantation. Because of allograft denervation, these patients rarely present with typical chest pain. Nevertheless, reinnervation is possible and allows angina to develop in the presence of myocardial ischemia.

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Discrete-event simulation techniques have been widely used for network analysis and policy optimization. In this paper, the use of high fidelity simulation models for real-time control of supply chain interactions is presented. Most formulations for supply chain problems involve optimization of an objective function consisting of various cost components (material, production, inventory, duties, taxes) subject to constraint sets (capacity, flow, inventory, duty), which treat the variables as deterministic or as well-characterized distributions. Such an approach may not be feasible to derive an active control policy. A real-time simulation-based architecture for deriving active control policies for supply chain interactions is discussed.


The recording and storing methods of ballistic data differ from each other in coordinates and formats. The current coordinate transform software lacks integration and operability. Combined with the task requirements, several common coordinate systems are summarized. The Bessel algorithm is improved to calculate the azimuth angle by using the transmitting point and aligning point in the earth coordinates. A process is introduced to convert flight altitude to launch coordinate y component through analytic geometry. An automatic ballistic data converting system is designed and implemented based on Matlab and applied to the practical work of the range. It is proved that the proposed method has high model precision to fix the offset within 2°, and has flexible operation for good user experience.


Foreign concessions in the USSR existed for a very short period of 8—9 years. The paper considers some causes behind the closure of the concession companies that happened despite the assurances of the Soviet authorities allegedly desiring to attract foreign investment and technology. One of these causes — conflicts between the concessions' administrations and trade unions in the enterprises; the other refers to the intentionally limited access to financial resources.


— In text mining most techniques depends on statistical analysis of terms. Statistical analysis trances important terms within document only. However this concept based mining model analyses terms in sentence, document and corpus level. This mining model consist of sentence based concept analysis, document based and corpus based concept analysis and concept based similarity measure. Similarity based on matching of concepts between document pairs, is shown to have a more significant effect on the clustering quality due to the similarity's insensitivity to noisy terms that can lead to an incorrect similarity. The concepts are less sensitive to noise when it comes to calculating document similarity. Usually, in text mining techniques, the term frequency of a term (word or phrase) is computed to explore the importance of the term in the web document. However, two terms can have the same frequency in their documents, but one term contributes more to the meaning of its sentences than the other term. Experimental result enhances text clustering quality by using sentence, document, corpus and combined approach of concept analysis.


The recently promulgated standard for dioxin/furan emissions from hazardous waste incinerators is 0.2 ng TEQ/dscm. The regulatory method for sampling and analyzing for offgas dioxins/furans is EPA Method 23/0023, which is labor intensive and normally requires a turnaround time of several weeks. A faster and cheaper method for dioxin/furan sampling and analysis would permit more routine monitoring of offgas emissions for dioxins/furans, and could also be used to reduce dioxin/furan emissions through optimization of process conditions. Screening experiments were conducted to identify promising techniques for accelerated sampling and analysis of offgas dioxins/furans. A thermal desorption-based technique using commercially available equipment appeared to hold the greatest promise for speed and simplicity. Initial method development experiments consisted of spiking selected tetra- through octa-chlorinated dioxin/furan liquid standards onto candidate adsorption media. Based on these experiments, porous glass beads, a diatomaceous earth, and alumina were selected for testing with real offgas samples. Offgas samples were taken from a pilot scale hazardous waste incineration test system and a hazardous waste-firing marine utility boiler test system. Both systems were operated under conditions expected to produce high concentrations of offgas dioxins/furans. Thermal desorption-based samples were taken and compared to Method 23 sampling and analysis. Dioxin/furan recoveries relative to Method 23 were approximately 10%, depending on the particular dioxin/furan homolog class. More chlorinated dioxins/furans appeared to yield higher retention/thermal desorption efficiencies than did less chlorinated homologs. Severe background interferences were noted. Individual compound detection limits for thermal desorption of a 7.5 liter offgas sample, analyzed by gas chromatography/low resolution mass spectrometry (GC/LRMS), were approximately 70 ng/dscm. Possible approaches to obtaining a lower detection limit include identifying or developing a more selective and retentive adsorbent medium, using a more sensitive detector, or taking a larger offgas sample. Incomplete thermal desorption of dioxins/furans from offgas particulate may also have contributed to the dioxin/furan recoveries observed in the present experiments, and may be problematic. Subsequent to the pilot-scale and marine boiler sampling activities, a bench reactor was constructed in order to generate particulate laden, high-dioxin offgas samples at lower cost than is possible with pilot-scale systems. The bench reactor will be used for further development of thermal desorption-based sampling and analysis. Those investigations will assess whether issues of detection limits, interferences, and recoveries can be resolved by thermal desorption techniques alone. If it appears that they cannot, then alternative techniques, for example, carbon dioxide-based supercritical fluid extraction, will be considered.


This thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of new mononuclear and binuclear zirconium and hafnium compounds containing ansa -bridged ligands. Some olefin polymerization studies, employing the new compounds as catalysts, are also presented. Chapter 1 begins with an introduction to Ziegler-Natta polymerization of olefins, concentrating on recently developed metallocene-based catalyst systems. The second part of the Chapter charts the development of group 4 ansa -metallocene derivatives, especially their use as stereospecific catalysts. Finally, a review of binuciear group 4 metallocene compounds containing bridging bis(cyclopentadienyl)-type ligands is presented. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterisation of some novel mononuclear metallocene compounds of zirconium and hafnium containing ansa -bridged ligands. The ansa -bridged mononuclear compounds [{Me 2 C(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )(η 2 -C 9 H 6 )}M(η 5 C 5 H 5 )Cl] (M = Zr, Hf), [{(CH 2 ) 5 C(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )(η 2 -C 9 H 6 )}M(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Cl] (M = Zr, Hf) and [{Me 2 (η 5 -C 5 H 4 )(η 3 -C 13 H 8 )}Zr(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Cl] are described, along with the X-ray crystal structures of the zirconium compounds. The η 2 -indenyl and η 3 -fluorenyl coordination modes observed for these compounds are unprecedented. The synthesis and characterisation of the novel, mononuclear ansa -bridged compounds [{Me 2 C(η 5 -C 5 H 4 ) }M(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Cl] (M = Zr, Hf) is also described, along with their X-ray crystal structures. The variable temperature solid state 13 C CP/MAS NMR spectra of [{Me 2 C(η 5 -C 5 H 4 ) }M(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Cl] (M = Zr, Hf) show slow rotation of the C 5 H 5 ring on the NMR timescale. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterisation of some novel homo- and hetero-binuclear metallocene compounds of zirconium and hafnium in which the metals are bridged by an unsymmetrical ansa ligand. The novel, chiral homobinuclear compounds [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )MCl 2 {(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )CMe 2 (η 5 -C 9 H 6 )}MCl 2 (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )] (M = Zr, Hf) are described. The ansa -bridged mononuclear compounds [{Me 2 C(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )(η 2 -C 9 H 7 )M(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Cl] (M = Zr, Hf) are used as reagents for the selective synthesis of the heterobinuclear analogues [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )MCl 2 {(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )CMe 2 (η 5 -C 9 H 6 )}M*Cl 2 (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )] (M = Zr, M* = Hf ; M = Hf, M* = Zr) and the unsymmetrical homobinuclear compound [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )ZrCl 2 {(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )CMe 2 (η 5 -C 9 H 6 )}ZrCl 2 (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )]. The methylated derivatives [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )M(CH 3 ) 2 {(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )CMe 2 (η 5 -C 5 H 6 )}M*(CH 3 ) 2 (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )] (M = Zr, M* = Zr, Hf; M = Hf, M* = Zr, Hf) are also described. The structurally related mononuclear compounds [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )MCl 2 {(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )CMe 2 (C 9 H 7 )}] (M = Zr, Hf) and [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Zr(CH 3 ) 2 {(η 5 -C 5 H 4 )CMe 2 (C 9 H 7 )}] have also been prepared. Chapter 4 presents some olefin polymerization studies using the new compounds described in Chapter 3 as catalysts, along with either methylaluminoxane or the recently developed co-catalysts [Ph 3 C] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - and B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 . Chapter 5 provides the experimental details for the reactions described in this thesis and the characterising data for all new compounds are given in Chapter 6 Crystallographic data for the for the X-ray structure determinations in Chapter 2 are given in the Appendices .


Introduction: Due to the widespread use of toxic chemicals in most workplaces which can lead to toxic effects on human, various chemical extraction techniques have been defined for the analysis of these toxic substances in air, water and biological samples. The purpose of this research was the extraction of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples with needle trap device together with one commercial sorbent. Methods: In this research, needle trap device was used to extract toluene and methyl ethyl ketone in aquatic samples. Needles (size 20) were packed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and extraction was performed using dynamic headspace needle trap device. The analysis was conducted using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and optimized extraction conditions of the two substances were obtained. Results: Results showed that the optimum temperature and time of extraction was similar for toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (30°C, 30 minutes); but, the reproducibility of results and the calibration curve obtained for toluene were better than those of methyl ethyl ketone. conclusions: Needle trap technique is inexpensive, sensitive and portable; also, this method has a good recovery to extract small amounts of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone from aquatic samples with


The main purposes of this thesis were to analyse common genetic variation in candidate genes and candidate pathways in relation to breast cancer risk, prognosticators and survival, to develop statistical methods for genetic association analysis for evaluating the joint importance of genes, and to investigate the potential impact of adding genetic information to clinical risk factors for projecting individualised risk of developing breast cancer over specific time periods. In Paper I we studied genetic variation in the estrogen receptor α and epidermal growth factor genes in relation to breast cancer risk and survival. We located a region in the estrogen receptor α gene which showed a moderate signal for association with breast cancer risk but were unable to link common variation in the epidermal growth factor gene with breast cancer aetiology or prognosis. In Paper II we investigated whether suspected breast cancer risk SNPs within genes involved in androgen-to-estrogen conversion are associated with breast cancer prognosticators grade, lymph node status and tumour size. The strongest association was observed for a marker within the CYP19A1 gene with histological grade. We also found evidence that a second marker from the same gene is associated with histological grade and tumour size. In Paper III we developed a novel test of association which incorporates multivariate measures of categorical and continuous heterogeneity. In this work we described both a single-SNP and a global multi-SNP test and used simulated data to demonstrate the power of the tests when genetic effects differ across disease subtypes. In Paper IV we assessed the extent to which recently associated genetic risk variants improve breast cancer risk-assessment models. We investigated empirically the performance of eighteen breast cancer risk SNPs together with mammographic density and clinical risk factors in predicting absolute risk of breast cancer. We also examined the usefulness of various prediction models considered at a population level for a variety of individualised breast cancer screening approaches. The goal of a genetic association study is to establish statistical associations between genetic variants and disease states. Each variant linked to a disease can lead the way to a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms that govern the development of a disease. Increased knowledge of molecular variation provides the opportunity to stratify populations according to genetic makeup, which in turn has the potential to lead to improved disease prevention programs and improved patient care. ISBN 978-91-7457-667-2


Although the author's Rooks are captive birds, his close observation of their 'personal' relationships within the 'colony' throws interesting light on facets of pair-formation and behaviour during the breeding cycle.


To explore the regulation and function of D‐type cyclins in breast cancer cells, the mouse mammary hyperplastic epithelial cell line TM2H was treated with 5 mM hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA), a polar differentiation factor. The resulting growth‐inhibitory effect of HMBA was completely reversible and was analyzed in terms of percent cells in G1; association of D‐type cyclins with cyclin‐dependent kinase (cdk) 4 and cdk6; G1 kinase activity; association of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and phosphorylated pRb with D‐type cyclins; and association of p16INK4a, p15INK4b, and p27Kip1 with cdk4 and cdk6. Synchronized TM2H cells were examined at 0, 3, 5, 9, 12, and 24 h after exposure to 5 mM HMBA. Inhibition of DNA synthesis, as measured by thymidine uptake, was first observed at 5 h (40%) and peaked at 24 h (80%). Flow cytometry at 9 h showed treated cells to be in G1 arrest. Western blot analysis showed weakly detectable cyclin D1 but readily detectable cyclin D2 and D3 proteins at 0 h; thereafter, cyclin D2 and D3 protein levels remained higher while cyclin D1 levels declined significantly in treated versus untreated cells. By 5 h (early G1), HMBA had markedly inhibited cdk4 and cdk6 kinase activity (67% and 75%, respectively) in treated versus untreated cells. By 9 and 12 h, pRb levels had increased 3.4‐fold in treated versus untreated cells. At 5 h, cyclin D–associated pRb was totally hypophosphorylated in treated cells and hyperphosphorylated in untreated cells. The levels of pRb associated with cyclin D2 and D3 increased 2.89‐fold and 4.6‐fold, respectively, in treated versus untreated cells. At 5 h, treated cells showed a fivefold increase in cdk4‐associated p27Kip1 and, at 9 h, a fourfold increase in cdk6‐associated p27Kip1 over control levels. In confirmation of these data, HMBA was found to inhibit the growth of Rb‐positive Du/145Rb cells but not their Rb‐negative parental Du/145 cells. The data suggest that HMBA‐induced growth inhibition is due to multifactorial mechanisms involving decreases in total cyclin D1 and inhibition of cdk4 and cdk6 kinase activities through elevation of levels of cdk4‐ and cdk6‐associated p27Kip1 and concomitant increases in hypophosphorylated pRb and stable cyclin D2/pRb and cyclin D3/pRb complexes that help maintain pRb in a functional state. Mol. Carcinog. 22:128–143, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This document is a letter report that was prepared to meet FCR&D level 4 milestone M4FT-14IN0304054, "Investigate HNO2 production in solvent extraction organic phases." This work was carried out under the auspices of the Fundamental Radiation Chemistry FCR&D work package. This document reports on an initial tests performed to follow HNO2 formation in reference flowsheet relevant organic phases.


We present here measurements of the thermopower, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity of the newly reported compound CaFe4As3. Evidence is presented from specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements that a substantial fraction of the Fermi surface survives the onset of spin density wave (SDW) order at the Neel temperature TN=88 K, and its subsequent commensurate lockin transition at T2=26.4 K. The specific heat below T2 consists of a normal metallic component from the ungapped parts of the Fermi surface, and a Bardeen-Cooper- Schrieffer (BCS) component that represents the SDW gapping of the Fermi surface. A large Kadowaki-Woods ratio is found at low temperatures, showing that the ground state of CaFe4As3 is a strongly interacting Fermi liquid. The thermal conductivity of CaFe4As3 is an order of magnitude smaller than those of conventional metals at all temperatures, due to a strong phonon scattering. The thermoelectric power displays a sign change from positive to negative indicating that a partial gap forms at the Fermi level with the onset of commensurate spin density wave order at T2=26.4 K. The small value of the thermopower and the enhancements of the resistivity due to gap formation and strong quasiparticle interactions offset the low value of the thermal conductivity, yielding only a modest value for the thermoelectric figure of merit Z 0, CaFe4As3 is among the most strongly correlated of the known Fe-based pnictide and chalcogenide systems.


Vessel branchings are critical vascular locations from the clinical point of view. In these sites, the arterial hemodynamic plays a relevant role in the progression of atherosclerosis, an important vascular pathology. In this paper, a fully automatic approach for the bifurcation classification in human Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IV-OCT) sequences is introduced. Given the lumen contours, the method is capable of labeling the bifurcation slices. A geometric feature extraction was performed and the Forward Regression Orthogonal Least Squares method (FROLS) was applied to analyze the best features and to determine the appropriated weights in a binary classifier. A cross-validation scheme is applied in order to evaluate the performance of the classification approach and the results have shown a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 92% to FROLS.


Objective: To observe the change of AC-cAMP-PKA pathway in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats and the effect of Huoxue Jiedu Formula on the pathway.Methods: Male SD rats were divided into the normal group,model group,methylcobalamin group,Huoxue Jiedu Formula group.The diabetic rats were established by streptozocin injected intraperitoneally 65mg/kg.The level of cAMP was assessed by radioimmunoassay.The expression of AC,PKA in sciatic nerve were detected using immunohistochemistry.Results: Expression of AC and cAMP were reduced in model group compared with normal group.The expression of AC and cAMP were elevated in Huoxue Jiedu Formula group.Conclusion: The Huoxue Jiedu Formula prevents diabetic neuropathy by promoting AC-cAMP pathway.


Since the late 1980s, sustainable development has garnered much interest from government agencies, businesses, nongovernment organizations, and civic groups, resulting in policy initiatives in both the public and private sector. Yet, people and organizations citing sustainable development as an objective often lack a firm grasp of the origins and true meaning of the concept. Such an understanding is important as it provides a holistic perspective on development against which a sectoral—e.g., transportation specific—focus on sustainability can be considered. This chapter explores the evolution of sustainable development through the perspective of international conferences and publications often referred to in discussions of sustainability. The chapter then introduces the challenges that are frequently confronted when trying to conceptualize sustainable development through different disciplinary lenses. It concludes with a discussion of the need to adopt a holistic and integrative approach to the design of policies and initiatives aimed at achieving more sustainable forms of development.


The study results indicated that water consumption of farmland was mainly in the soil layer no deeper than 1m; the water use efficiency of corn in 0~50 cm soil layer approached to 60%; the evaporation of soil water among corn plants with different treatments made up 47.6~77.5% of the farmland evapotranspiration; the evaporation among corn plants in the whole growing period was negatively related to leaf area index and corn yield was positively related to the transpiration of plants; stalk mulch can efficiently reduce the evaporation of soil water among corn plants; proper fertilization can promote corn's utilization of soil water.


Nanoclay layers incorporated into polymer/clay nanocomposites can inhibit the harmful penetration of water and chemicals into the material, and thus the durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites should be enhanced by using polymer/clay nanocomposite as the matrix material. In this study, 1.5wt% vinyl ester (VE)/organoclay and 2wt% epoxy (EP)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared by an in situ polymerization method. The dispersion states of clay in the nanocomposites were studied by performing XRD analysis. GFRP composites were then fabricated with the prepared 1.5wt% VE/clay and 2.0 wt% EP/clay nanocomposites to investigate the effects of a nanocomposite matrix on the durability of GFRP composites. The durability of the two kinds of GFRP composites was characterized by monitoring tensile properties following degradation of GFRP specimens aged in water and alkaline solution at 60°C, and SEM was employed to study fracture behaviors of aged GFRP composites under tension. The results show that tensile properties of the two types of GFRP composites with and without clay degrade significantly with aging time. However, the GFRP composites with nanoclay show a lower degradation rate compared with those without nanoclay, supporting the aforementioned hypothesis. And the modification of EP/GFRP enhanced the durability more effectively.


This paper presents a model-based approach for source identification using sparse recovery techniques. In particular, given an arbitrary domain that contains a set of unknown sources and a set of stationary sensors that can measure a quantity generated by the sources, we are interested in predicting the shape, location, and intensity of the sources based on a limited number of sensor measurements. We assume a PDE model describing the steady-state transport of the quantity inside the domain, which we discretize using the Finite Element method (FEM). Since the resulting source identification problem is underdetermined for a limited number of sensor measurements and the sought source vector is typically sparse, we employ a novel Reweighted l1 regularization technique combined with Least Squares Debiasing to obtain a unique, sparse, reconstructed source vector. The simulations confirm the applicability of the presented approach for an Advection-Diffusion problem.


The purpose of this paper is- to describe briefly tlie actual construction of the first geothermal power station in the British Commonwealth.Some of the problems which arose are peculiar to a district in which natural geothermal activity abounds. Because existing local supplies of electrical power were insufficient for construction purposes the contractor was required to install his own power plant and to this end a temporary powerhouse was built in which geothermal steam was used to drive reciprocating engines coupled to electrical generators. The running of this power plant is described together with some of the attendant problems which had to be overcome.


PURPOSE: An LED lamp is provided to improve heat radiation by improving heat conductivity efficiency through a heat pipe. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of LEDs are mounted on a substrate(100). One or more first hollow parts are formed on the substrate. A body(200) is arranged on one side of the substrate. The body includes an air flowing part corresponding to the first hollow part. A protection unit(300) is arranged on the other side of the substrate. The protection unit has the first hollow part and a second air hollow part corresponding to the air flowing part. The second hollow part is comprised of a plurality of hollow holes. A fixing unit fixes the body.


Along with technological development in the industrial revolution era 4.0, especially in construction sector needs to be innovated to improve the quality of infrastructure facilities. Innovations will be made on concrete as one of the components that most used in construction. The effort that will be done is to add additional material in the concrete mixture. The waste of corn cobs and Zalacca seeds need to be handled because it will cause environmental pollution. By changing corncobs and zalacca seeds into a concrete mixture. Corncobs contain 41% cellulose, 36% hemicellulose and 16% lignin (Huda, 2007). The cellulose content in corn cobs can provide compressive strength of 23 MPa and tensile strength of 2,42 MPa. This is influenced by lignin and hemicellulose in the womb. While zalacca seeds material are lightweight and strong so that zalacca seeds can be used as a reduction of cement. Innovations were made with the aim of utilizing corncobs as cement filler with a content of 10% and the utilization of zallaca seeds was waste for the utilization of cement with a content of 2,5% and 4%. So it can produce concrete with high compressive strength and tensile strength that is environmentally friendly.


Few-shot learning is challenging due to the limited data and labels. Existing algorithms usually resolve this problem by pre-training the model with a considerable amount of annotated data which shares knowledge with the target domain. Nevertheless, large quantities of homogenous data samples are not always available. To tackle this issue, we develop a framework that enables the model to surf the Internet, which implies that the model can collect and annotate data without manual effort. Since the online data is virtually limitless and continues to be generated, the model can thus be empowered to constantly obtain up-to-date knowledge from the Internet. Additionally, we observe that the generalization ability of the learned representation is crucial for self-supervised learning. To present its importance, a naive yet efficient normalization strategy is proposed. Consequentially, this strategy boosts the accuracy of the model significantly (20.46% at most). We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed framework with experiments on miniImageNet, tieredImageNet and Omniglot. The results indicate that our method has surpassed previous unsupervised counterparts by a large margin (more than 10%) and obtained performance comparable with the supervised ones.


A method for compensating for cross-talk in a 3-D projector-camera system having a controller including a processor and system memory and at least two channels, includes the steps of calibrating the projector-camera system, computing cross-talk factors applicable to the projector-camera system, and correcting new image data for cross-talk based upon the computed cross-talk factors. The system is calibrated by sequentially projecting and capturing, with a camera, a calibration image for each channel, to capture cross-talk between the channels. The controller can compute the cross-talk factors based upon the captured calibration images.


The problems in mining production and dump site construction are analyzed.Effective measures for transition of Phase Ⅰ mining to Phase Ⅱ mining and for optimization of mining processes are discussed.With these measures,the mining production is kept more scientific,reasonable and stable.


Summary: There is limited experience on engraftment syndrome (ES) in children. The present study analyzes the characteristics of ES in pediatric patients undergoing autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells transplantation (PBPCT). From 1993 to 2001, 30 of 156 patients (19.2%) who underwent PBPCT developed ES (skin rash which involved more than 27% of the body surface and temperature 38.3C with no compatible infectious disease etiology, during neutrophil recovery). Of the 30 patients who developed ES, 20 (66%) developed hypoxia and/or pulmonary infiltrates, seven (23%) had hepatic dysfunction, six (20%) developed renal insufficiency, 16 (53%) showed weight gain and three (10%) experienced transient encephalopathy. Multivariate analysis showed that the only positive predictive factor for developing ES was mobilization with high-dose G-CSF (12 g/kg twice daily) (RR 3.88, CI 95% 1.73‐8.67; P 0.0005). The overall transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 8.33% and this was significantly higher in the patients who developed ES than in those who did not (23% vs 4.76%; P 0.0001). We also found a higher morbidity in patients who developed ES, expressed as a statistically significant increase in supportive care (transfusion requirement, parenteral nutrition) and increase in the length of hospital stay. In summary, we have found ES to be the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in children undergoing autologous PBPCT. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2002) 30, 355‐358.


Visibility of scientific and scholarly journals published in the Latin American countries are reviewed through their presence in three databases produced in the region: CLASE, PERIODICA and LATINDEX. A comparison is made regarding the inclusion of Latin American journals in other international abstracting and indexing services


For New Testament and early Christian studies, posthumanism provides a vantage point for contemporary readers to appreciate just how fully contingent ancient texts perceive "the human" to be. This chapter opens by linking the study of gender and sexuality with posthumanism. Situating posthumanism especially in relation to intersectional feminisms, this chapter explores ways that New Testament and early Christian scholarship has engaged posthumanism and might further contribute to this field. Juxtaposing New Testament and non-canonical writings with contemporary critical theory that may be associated with posthumanism, this essay offers new possibilities for reading ancient narratives of human origins such as Genesis 1-3 and its retellings, for identifying non-reproductive kin-making and multispecies mutualisms through rhetoric and ritual, and for reconsidering temporality. A brief case study of Ephesians also shows how biblical interpretation offers a caution to those who view posthumanism's potential as primarily liberatory.


One of the problems in data science is related to data management, especially big data. It is indirectly related to algorithms in computer science. Therefore, the meeting between big data and the appropriate algorithm to produce a good output requires characterization and explanation. This paper reveals one of them, by involving the recursive and dynamic principles of programming, and by comparison giving choices as answers to problems.


Prikaz knjige "Living Human Treasures in Hungary, Folk Dance, ed. Laszlo Felfoldi, Andras Gombos, European Folklore Institute, Institute for Musicology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 2001, 145 str."


The article analyses how Law relates to its surroundings in the systems theory of Niklas Luhmann. The important paradigm shift undertaken by Luhmann, for those without a surrounding which dis- tinguish themselves would not be possible to identify a system, plays a fundamental role in the construction of a complex legal system, especially from its imbrications and interpretation by sociology and legal theory of Gunther Teubner. While it is up to Law, in the context of hypermodern society, control the binomial legal-illegal, through a peculiar functional system and by means of their own programs (laws, decisions, Constitution, etc.), the works of Luhmann and Teub- ner are essential to understand the many opportunities arising from


The study of time-variable astronomical phenomena is undergoing an explosive renaissance ushered in by recent advancements in capabilities to monitor the sky from radio to gamma rays. The infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum provides a unique window to uncover a vast array of stellar eruptions and explosions that are otherwise obscured; however, the dynamic infrared sky has remained largely unexplored. To uncover these hidden cosmic explosions, I undertook a systematic search in the infrared with the Spitzer Space Telescope called SPIRITS — the SPitzer InfraRed Intensive Transients Survey. Targeting a specially chosen sample of nearby galaxies, the search revealed a bounty of exceptionally red events, and may have discovered entirely new and diverse populations, including deeply embedded supernovae, catastrophic stellar mergers, and giant eruptions of massive, violently unstable stars. Providing a first census of stellar infrared transients, SPIRITS has paved the way for new and upcoming surveys to further expand our exploration of the dynamic infrared sky.


Abstract Background Antibiotic susceptibility surveillance is the foundation for selecting treatment options as well as immediate and long-term strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance. We have conducted three surveillance studies SIDERO-WT-2014/-2015/-2016 with approximately 30,000 Gram-negative strains isolated in North America and Europe between 2014 and 2017. Here, we present the latest data of molecular analysis on acquired carbapenemase genes and antibiotic susceptibility of 3691 meropenem-nonsusceptible strains in the surveillance studies. Methods Meropenem-nonsusceptible strains isolated in North America (n = 1009) and Europe (n = 2,682), consisting of 1,897 Acinetobacter baumannii, 1,154 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 447 Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 193 other Enterobacteriaceae were tested. Conventional PCR was used to detect known carbapenemases. Cefiderocol MICs were determined by broth microdilution method using iron-depleted cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth. Results The percentages of known carbapenemases detected in 3 main pathogens are shown in the Table. In A. baumannii complex, OXA-23 was predominant followed by OXA-24 in most countries. The detection rates of VIM in P. aeruginosa were ≥40% in Greece and Russia, but none of the strains in the United States carried VIM. In K. pneumoniae, the predominant carbapenemase varied among the countries, with KPC predominating in the USA, Greece and Italy, while OXA-48-like was dominant in Russia, Spain and Turkey. Cefiderocol MIC90 were ≤4 μg/mL against these 3 pathogens in all 6 countries, except for A. baumannii strains in Russia. Conclusion Carbapenemase detection rates, especially in P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae, were quite different among the countries. Cefiderocol demonstrated potent in vitro activity against meropenem-nonsusceptible strains irrespective of the presence of specific carbapenemases. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


This report describes the results of mechanical and hydraulic evaluations of the fuel assembly of a nuclear reactor core designed for maritime applications. Tests were carried out to assess the following aspects of fuel assembly operation: natural frequency and damping; torsional and cantilever bending; dynamic and static deflection; pressure drop and lift-off; flow induced vibration; relative motion between fuel rod and spacer grid; and spacer grid cyclic strength.


Petrobras has been producing from more than 400 oil fields in many geologic settings along the eastern Brazilian margin. These reservoirs vary in geometry, size, and internal character. They contain original oil in place of 52.3 billion bbl and total oil reserves of 9.8 billion bbl; about 28% are in deep water (400–1000 m) and 45% in ultradeep water (over 1000 m).


Abstract : A functional and mathematical description of the ground station alert predictor is presented. The alert predictor generates the times during which a satellite will be visible to a ground tracking station and provides ground antenna pointing information. The methods used to generate this information are computationally quite efficient so that long-term predictions can be done rapidly. Several new innovations are included in the algorithms: the effects of atmospheric drag upon satellites are taken into account, and a satellite orbit adjust may be included during the prediction interval.


Atomically uniform lead films are prepared on Si(111)-(7×7) substrates by the molecular beam epitaxy method, and their electronic structures are investigated by high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory calculations. We have observed the six-fold symmetric Fermi surfaces of Pb/Si(111)-(7×7) films. Their topology and size are almost the same regardless of the difference of film thicknesses (17, 21, 24 and 25 monolayers). The comparison between the measured and calculated thin-film Fermi surfaces suggests that the as-prepared Pb/Si(111)-(7×7) films are dominated by the hexagonal-close-packed stacking films instead of the face-centered-cubic ones. The theoretical calculations also indicate that spin–orbit coupling plays an important role in the band structures and Fermi surface topologies of Pb films.


The diverse and abundant microbial communities present in aggregates and biofilms of flowing water systems are important for organic matter processing, nutrient cycling, and the transfer of energy among trophic levels. Aggregates (free-floating particulate matter and associated microorganisms) and biofilms (thin slime layers present on surfaces and substrates) are present in most aquatic systems, but the physical stresses exerted by flowing water maintain aggregates at smaller sizes and cause biofilms to be more dense and more stable than their counterparts in nonflowing systems. Both aggregates and biofilms contain microbially produced exopolymers that bind their contents together and assist in the capture of additional nutrients, organic matter, and other microorganisms. The density of bacterial cells and rates of bacterial activity are typically greater in aggregates and biofilms compared with bacterial density and activity in the surrounding water. This high microbial activity can lead to chemical and biological gradients, especially within biofilms, that are particularly important for cycling of nutrients such as nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon. Specialized and often colorful biofilms dominated by unique groups of microorganisms can develop in certain environments exhibiting specific chemical and physical conditions.

Keywords:

aggregates;
bacteria;
biofilms;
exopolymers;
flowing water;
microbial mats;
microbiology;
nitrogen;
organic matter;
particles;
rivers;
streams