Admittedly, because of how busy doctors are nowadays, they tend to scribble unreadable prescribed medicines which leads to the problem of misinterpreting medicine names. Patients are sometimes curious to know information about their prescribed medicines before purchasing them. Recently, developers have been searching for a method to address this problem efficiently but, no technique leads to full recognition of medicine names due to the bad handwriting of doctors and its variety so that leads us to machine learning where the system will learn various types of handwritings for the same medicine to be able to recognize new handwritings. This paper proposed a system that presents a solution for both the pharmacist and the patient through a mobile application that recognizes handwritten medicine names and returns a readable digital text of the medicine and its dose. The System identifies the medicines' names and the doses for the collected data set with some, pre-processing techniques like image subtraction, noise reduction, and image resizing. After that, the pre-processed images will undergo some processing as it will be classified and feature extracted through Convolutional Neural Network and finally Optical Character Recognition technique applied on the medicines with low accuracy in the post-processing phase to identify their names by comparing the result with the dataset containing all the medicines. This will help in diminishing the instances of distortion of medication names assisting pharmacists in limiting their doubts. The proposed system tested on different real cases, and accuracy has reached 70% using (CNN) model.


One of the main reliability issues in power LED devices is the bond wire connection due to wire neck breakage. Time consuming thermal cycling or thermal shock tests are the standard testing methods to evaluate this lifetime. Furthermore numerical or simulation methods are used as a convenient and fast substitution, but accurate reliability and lifetime material models are difficult to obtain. For this purpose, a mechanical fatigue testing system was designed to induce mechanical stresses to the critical region of the bond wire connection above the ballbond to expedite fatigue cracks at this bottleneck. The purpose is to induce similar fatigue failure mode as during thermal tests. The experimental investigations are carried out on Au, Cu and Pd-coated Cu bonding wires with a diameter of 25 μm using low and high frequency excitation. The obtained lifetime of the wire bond ranges from 100 - 1 000 000 cycles. The proposed testing method provides material lifetime data in a very short period of time with minimal sample preparation. Finite element simulations were conducted to quantify the stresses at the wire neck which allows a comparison to conventional testing methods, operation conditions fatigue test comparisons, material models and design evaluations of fine wire bond reliability in LED and microelectronic packages.


Western elementary mathematics been introduced into China from seventeen century to eighteen century.It made Chinese mathematics research come into being an integrated situation of Chinese and Western.A sign incident is the first translation of Euclid' geometry.This period is an early spread period of western mathematics in China.There are some represent to emerge: Xu Guangqi,Matteo Ricci,Li Zhizao.They carved out a way for English-Chinese Mathematical Translation in Chinese.


In this study, the effect of shot peening on mechanical and physical properties of AA1050 and AA2024 aluminum alloys has been investigated. The shot media S230, S330 and S460 have been selected. It has been observed that shot peening has no significant effect on the ultimate tensile and yield strength besides leads to reduction of electrical conductivity for the AA2024 material. Shot peening with S330 shot media shown decrease in thermal conductivity compared to S230 and S460 ones. Exposure time raises the surface roughness of both AA1050 and AA2024 and the increase in surface roughness is more sensitive for AA1050. Shot peened AA1050 has been investigated via metallographic examinations to reveal the severity of plastic deformation. The shot media size directly affect the plastic deformation zone under the surface. In addition, as exposure time is increased, thickness of the layer undergoing plastic deformation is also increased. Grain refinement has also been observed in the layer due to excessive plastic deformation.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: when measuring a sensor signal, one voltage jump is added to a stepwise sawtooth modulating signal during a period thereof; the amplitude of the jump is equal to the amplitude of the modulating signal and the duration is half the duration of one step thereof. The voltage jump is carried out at a time corresponding to the linear portion of the output interferometric signal received during the previous period of the modulating signal. EFFECT: stabilising the scaling factor of a modulator and high accuracy of measuring an interferometric signal. 3 dwg


The Cellular Automata-Median (CA-M) filter method is proposed to filter the noisy points in binary image for the image recognition pretreatment of handwritten Chinese characters and the detailed algorithm flow is presented. The experiment for the method is done to reduce noise by median filter and the algorithmic efficiency is calculated. The experimental results show that the method is highly effective for noise reduction in binary image.


This review focuses on major trends in nanoparticle‐based pseudostationary phase (PSP) CEC since the publication of our previous reviews within nanoparticle‐based CEC [Nilsson, C., et al., Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 76‐83; Nilsson, C., et al., J. Chromatogr. A 2007, 1168, 212‐224.]. Special attention is given to the development toward protein analysis, which is driven by the strong emergence of protein drug development in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, we discuss the development in coupling different detection techniques with nanoparticle‐based PSP CEC, which were originally predicted to be particularly cumbersome. However, at present, direct UV, LIF and ESI‐MS have been used without any severe complications. Different types of nanoparticles used as PSP during the period include gold nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures and lipid‐based nanoparticles. New materials (for example, different types of carbon nanostructures and self assembled lipid‐based nanostructures) are a strong driving force for development in separation science. Finally, future trends in nanoparticles‐based CEC are envisioned.


Toward system-level understanding of biological systems, we need a formalism to model and analyse them. Due to incompleteness of knowledge about quantitative parameters and molecular mechanisms, qualitative methods have been useful alternatives. We have been working on temporal logic-based approach for qualitative modelling and analysis of gene regulatory networks. Although our framework is well-established to model several aspects of gene regulation, we still lack treatment of alternative splicing, which contributes to proteomic diversity of eukaryotic organisms. In this paper we extend our logic-based qualitative framework to be able to capture alternative splicing, which is crucial to model the gene regulatory networks in eukaryotic organisms. We study mechanisms of alternative splicing and propose how we model each mechanism, then demonstrate the modelling method by analysing the regulatory network of sex determination in Drosophila and verify that the network ensures sex determination.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A REFRACTORY AND THIS MATERIAL MANUFACTURING PROCESS. According to the Invention, THIS MATERIAL IS MADE AN AGGREGATE, IS BY SILICON NITRIDE, AND A BINDING. PREFERABLY THE SILICON NITRIDE BETWEEN THE COMPOSITION OF THE mATERIAL IN A PROPORTION OF BETWEEN 70 AND 80 OF THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE FINAL PRODUCT AND IS ALSO OBTAINED BY sINTERING REACTION. THE METHOD OF MAKING THE mATERIAL IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT THE SILICON NITRIDE AND ARE BINDING FIRST MIXED DRY and then kneaded MIXER IN A WET WITH MOISTURE CONTENT OF THE ORDER OF 15. UNDER THE ALUMINUM INDUSTRY.


Abstract Background Although orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) using retrograde conduction through an accessory pathway (AP) is a common manifestation of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, a rare yet critical consequence is sudden cardiac arrest in a few patients. This fatal event used to be reported as a result of rapid atrioventricular conduction of atrial fibrillation via an AP. Case summary A 3-month-old infant with WPW syndrome had AVRT accompanied by global cardiac ischaemia, apparently caused by a rapid ventricular rate itself that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation during the AVRT. Discussion Our case suggested that orthodromic AVRT may be sufficient to cause WPW-related sudden cardiac death (SCD) or sudden infant death syndrome via fatal ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias even when the effective refractory period of an antegrade AP conduction is long or even when an antegrade AP is not present. It is possible that an AP ablation in those who have a history of a fast orthodromic AVRT would be useful to prevent SCD in addition to symptom control.


Based on analysis of the composing and character of contractor project cash flow,the influencing factors of it are pointed out.After classifying project cost is advised according to their payment lags and considering the delaying of the client's payment,the project cash flow dynamic forecasting model is made.Finally the model is explained and checked by using a road project in China,and it is emphasized that project cash flow forecast be conducted circularly.


Currently the industry moves to smaller process nodes even if the cost for yielding large dies continues to increase, moving to the 5nm and even 3nm nodes. Hence a chiplet-based design has been initiated and quickly gain attention from industry, academia and government agencies. This cutting edge approach became advantageous to break down a large die into smaller chiplets in order to improve yield and binning. In order to exploit this new approach the interconnect fabric connecting the nodes of the entire system should be of high importance to enable the properly distribution of the data. Each individual chiplet may contain its own local Network on Chip (NoC), which operates for intra-chiplet traffic. However the communication over chiplet-based systems is complicated enough, due to various routing algorithms and NoC topologies and an alternative solution is needed. In this paper we introduce an SDNoC(Software Define Network on Chip)-based communication protocol for chiplet-based systems, called MicroLET, which consists of a flexible and modular SDNoC architecture and 3 main phases: Handshake, Network Monitoring, Routing. An implementation of the SDNoC architecture and an evaluation of the proposed routing algorithm compared to the XY and the Odd-Even algorithms within different traffic scenarios is presented. Through the evaluation of the MicroLET protocol, it is proven that it could be a good candidate for the future chiplet-based systems.


In this paper, we study the problem of consistent query answering in peer data sharing systems. In a peer data sharing system, databases in peers are designed and administered autonomously and acquaintances between peers are established thorough data sharing constraints. Since data are managed in peer databases autonomously, peers' data may be inconsistent with respect to the data sharing constraints. Inconsistencies of data may also result due to the change of constraints (e.g. adding, modifying, and deleting constraints between peers). In order to solve inconsistencies between peers, one possible solution could be modify data physically in inconsistent peers by propagating updates. However, it is not always feasible to change data physically in peers since peers are autonomous and a peer may not have permission to modify other peers' data. Considering the possible inconsistent situations, this paper presents a semantics of obtaining consistent answers in a peer data sharing system such that the answers are consistent wrt to data sharing constraints. Consistent answers are obtained at query time by avoiding the inconsistent data. The paper also shows a method to achieve consistent answers of a query.


In traditional multi-path routing schemes such as ECMP(Equal-Cost MultiPath), a method to generate multi-path computes only the lowest equal cost paths based on Dijkstra algorithm. This method is appropriate to link cost sensitive network such as flat network model. However, it is not proper to hierarchical network model that is less sensitive to link cost and interested in cost-length tradeoff. Also, it is not sufficient for load balancing and link failure recovery function because it does not guarantee to provide available alternative paths. This paper proposes an efficient multi-path generation algorithm for multi-path routing scheme in hierarchical network model. We enhance existing Dijkstra algorithm to guarantee multi-path with low time-complexity and low implementation cost. The proposed method is verified in terms of implementation on Quagga routing protocol suite and time-complexity comparison.


The word "Open Source" is everywhere with Linux Technology and GNU foundation. In addition to open source software's and operating systems, Open Source Hardware is also progressing and becoming center point of attraction for researchers across the nook and corner of the world. The most widely adopted Open Source hardware available right now is "Arduino". Arduino has various products like boards, Lilypad's and shields. The aim of this research paper is to explore the world of Arduino technology in terms of Boards, Lilypad's and Shields covering in depth regarding-Technical Specifications, features and real-world applications. Arduino technology has enabled various manufactures and research enthusiasts to come out with their own customized boards and shields as per their research requirements and area of implementations. Arduino Open Source community is also providing platform for researchers to come up with innovative research applications and market ready products in terms of Home Automation, Robotics, Wireless Connectivity, Drones and many others.


The objective of this work was to develop and test rule-based expert-system techniques to control an interactive cytophotometry system. The application for this system was the detection and measurement of individual cells stained specifically for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with AIDS. A microscopic photometry system was used to acquire digitized images of labeled cells. The expert system consisted of a set of program modules that took the digitized video image through several data transduction phases to the final state of identification and measurement. Human experts interactively developed rules to identify cells, determine the cell type, and determine the staining density and patterns of individual cells.<<ETX>>


adding docetaxel to androgen-deprivation therapy (aDt) improved survival in men with newly diagnosed, hormonesensitive prostate cancer in the phase III, E3805 CHaaRtED study (ChemoHormonal therapy versus androgen ablation Randomized trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer). the results may represent the biggest advance in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer since surgical castration. the study was presented at the 2014 annual Meeting of the american society of Clinical Oncology (asCO) and was led by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology group and funded by the National Cancer Institute. In the 8-year trial, 790 men with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive either aDt alone or aDt with docetaxel, dosed at 75mg/ m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles within 4 months of starting aDt. after the combination cohort completed 6 courses of docetaxel, all patients continued on aDt alone. approximately two-thirds of patients had high-extent disease. the primary endpoint was overall survival (Os). at a median follow-up of 29 months, median Os was 44 months in the aDt group versus 57.6 months in the aDt-


Traffic adaptive 2-level active period control has been proposed to enhance system performance in cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) employing IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) under temporal and spatial (geographical) non-uniform traffic environments. This paper proposes an adaptive method of controlling the backoff window for traffic adaptive 2-level active period control. The proposed method adjusts the size of the backoff window according to the length of the current active period, which is determined by 2-level active period control, and the time position for channel access in the active period. The results evaluated through computer simulations reveal that the proposed method can improve throughput as well as achieve high energy efficiency in cluster-based WSNs with non-uniform traffic distributions.


The ability to acquire high resolution anatomical data as well as quantitative functional information in vivo is becoming an increasingly important factor in the diagnosis of disease. Simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI data would provide essentially perfect co-registration between the two images which is particularly important for tissues whose position and shape can change between sequential scans. RatCAP is a complete 3D tomograph that is designed to image the brain of an awake rat. A special MRI coil composed of 2 saddle elements working in quadrature mode was mounted on a Delrin cylinder specifically designed to fit inside the RatCAP but allowing the rat's head to be placed inside as well. Simultaneous PET/MRI images of the rat brain have been acquired in a 4 T MRI scanner using the RatCAP detector, with minimal effect on MRI images.


Additions of small amounts of boron (10-100 ppm) to 9-12% chromium steels are often made since they have been found to be beneficial for the creep strength up to and above 600°C. The effect of boron is to restrict the coarsening of M23C6 precipitates during service. It was found that increasing the boron content from 9 to 40 ppm gave a decrease in coarsening constant at 600°C by a factor of 2. The present understanding of boron solution, non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation, incorporation into M23C6, and diffusion is reviewed in the paper. A very high boron addition (300 ppm) was made in the trial TAF steel already in the 1950'ies. The microstructure of a similar trial steel, FT3B, has been studied detail. In this steel large Mo, Cr, Fe and V containing metal borides are formed rather than the expected BN, with the crystal structure M3B2. Nitrogen is therefore still available for the formation of VN. Due to tempering at a low temperature (690°C) to a high strength (830 MPa), this steel contained a dense distribution of very small VN precipitates, 5-15 nm in size. A similar VN distribution is probably the cause of the still unsurpassed creep strength of the TAF steel.


ABS>A design of a future reprocessing plant based on advanced European technology is outlined stressing the necessity of the achievement of very high standards of enviromnental protection. The lowest limits in the USAEC regulations 10 CFR pant 50 for light water reactors have to be met also for reprocessing plants. A plant based on solvent extraction may satisfy main criteria such as environmental protection and safety, ease of operation, reliability and economy. Salt-free processes will be preferred, in order to minimize waste generation. General specifications for a future reprocessing plant proposed are: Capacity: 1500 t/y of irradiated fuel, Fuel: Uranium oxide fuel canned in zircaloy, Products: Purified uranium nitrate solution (can be convented to UO/sub 2/ and/or UF/sub 6/) and plutonium nitrate (to PuO/sub 2/), Process: Spent fuel receiving and unloading, cooling of spent fuel, chopping and leaching, purification and separation by solvent extraction, product concentration and storage, nitric acid recovery, waste management, analytical services, site services. Proposed techniques and methods concerning to the processes above are provided with comments and consideration. Concerning high level waste, vitrification is now considered to be the safest method. The containers of vitrified waste will be stored under wnter and after sufficient decay inmore » specially engineered concrete vaults. Present status of European research and development in reprocessing is also introduced with highlights of new techniques already available or under development. (JA)« less


The article presents the method of water resources management in the Asa river basin and indicators of water intake, water supply and assessment of water quality. Water is an economically important resource that determines the sustainability of a country's development. New trends show that water issues are becoming more complex with other sectors, including agriculture, energy, industry, transport, and communications, as well as with social sectors: education, environment, and healthcare, rural or regional development. The rational use of water resources, as well as the protection of water resources and access to drinking water are an important priority for the world community. The Republic of Kazakhstan is no exception, since the deficit of water resources is growing every year. Today's global challenges, especially climate change and population growth, are making the situation even
more worrisome. Climate change is caused by dynamic processes on Earth, external influences such as fluctuations in the intensity of sunlight, and recent human activities. Consequently, in the conditions of Kazakhstan, where water resources are limited, and irrigation develops in various natural and climatic zones, further intensification of irrigated agriculture can be carried out through the development of environmentally friendly integrated technologies, ecological and reclamation management of water and land resources, ensuring a decrease in the amount of unproductive losses of irrigation water, as well as protection of water and land resources from pollution by collector-waste waters, leaching of organic substances and nutrients, the rate of salt accumulation in the root layer and the rate of alkalization and alkalinization processes. This approach is predetermined by the fact that the existing methods of water resources management inevitably lead to large losses of irrigation water for infiltration, discharge and evaporation, the value of which reaches 60–70% of the water intake.


Background . PCT has ahighsensitivityandspeci fi cityforbacterialinfections;low results allow clinicians to safely discontinue or de-escalate antibiotics. Trials demon-strate high overall concordance between PCT algorithms and antibiotic use. However, results strati fi ed by low versus high PCTare lacking, especiallyamong inpatients in the UnitedStates.This studyaimedtodeterminetheeffectoflowPCTresultsonantibiotic use at a US tertiary care center with an existing PCT guideline. Methods . Retrospective review of all hospitalized patients (n=181) with a PCT result during a 2 month period. PCT levels <0.25 were labeled low. Antibiotic discord- ance was de fi ned as antibiotic continuation without de-escalation in patients with low PCT levels or discontinuation in patients with high PCT levels. The odds of discord- ance based on PCT result, and based on patient- and provider-level factors within the low PCT subgroup were calculated by univariate analysis. Results (95%


With no effective therapies to attenuate cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA), the result is pain and disability. Activation of hedgehog (HH) signaling causes changes related to the progression of OA, with higher levels of Gli‐mediated transcriptional activation associated with increased disease severity. To elucidate the mechanism through which this occurs, this study sought to identify genes regulated by HH signaling in human OA chondrocytes.


A common problem in brain and abdominal surgery is the perioperative substitution of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) when patients are temporarily unable to take these drugs orally. We searched the literature for clinical trials with patients or healthy volunteers in whom non-oral formulations of AEDs as substitution were tested. Different search engines, handbooks, expert opinion and our own experience, were used. Pharmaceutical companies were approached for recommendations. This led to three cate- gories of replacement: 1. commercial alternative (n = 10) for clonazepam, diazepam, lacosamide, levetiracetam, lorazepam, midazolam, nitrazepam, phenobarbital, phe- nytoin, and valproic acid; 2. alternatives that must be prepared (n = 6) for carbamazepine, clobazam, lamotri- gine, oxcarbazepine, primidone, topiramate; 3. no alterna- tive (n = 7) for ethosuccimide, felbamate, retigabine, stiripentol, tiagabine, vigabatrin, zonisamide. Thus, for a substantial number of AEDs, unofficial perioperative treatment strategies need to be followed for lack of alter- natives to oral administration. There is little clinical research addressing the equivalence of oral and parenteral formulas. Perioperative substitution of AEDs is an under- estimated problem, and may increase the risk of postop- erative seizures.


1 The effect of Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibition by ouabain on gastric acid secretion was studied in the mouse isolated whole stomach preparation. 2 Ouabain caused a transient enhancement of histamine‐induced gastric acid secretion followed by an inhibitory phase. On the other hand, ouabain caused a rapid reduction of bethanechol‐stimulated acid secretion without an enhancement phase. 3 In dibutyryl cyclic AMP‐induced acid secretion, ouabain led to a transient increase in acid secretion followed by a fall, as was seen with the histamine stimulation. Ouabain caused a rapid reduction of A23187‐induced acid secretion. 4 Ouabain by itself increased basal acid secretion, and thereafter slowly suppressed the acid secretion. 5 Atropine inhibited both the ouabain‐induced enhancement of the stimulated gastric acid secretion and the ouabain‐induced stimulation of basal acid secretion. 6 The present study showed that Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibition by ouabain caused a phasic enhancement of the stimulated gastric acid secretion through release of endogenous acetylcholine when the secretagogues act via an intracellular cyclic AMP pathway. It also inhibited the stimulated acid secretion irrespective of secretagogues, probably through its inhibitory effect on Na+,K+‐ATPase in the gastric parietal cell.


This paper applied Game Theory to analyse rent seeking question in the course of a lottery under the somewhat rules, and then develop a general model in which the number of rent seekers are normally fixed. In the end, We make a few remarks on the conclusion.


Zygmunt Krasiński, the most European of the Polish Romantic writers, composed many literary texts influenced by foreign travels. In his writing, specific geographical spaces were transformed at once into places of imagination and places of intimacy, forming a unique sphere of auto/bio/geo/graphy. This is especially noticeable in Krasiński's poetic prose written in French, mainly in the half-private and half-literary travel impressions of his excursions in the Alps. The tension between a place of imagination and a place of intimacy is also reflected in the poet's correspondence, which can be analysed as a textual form of interiorization of the strictly defined places. It is shown in the article on the examples of the Alps and Provence.


The dechromium corrosion behavior of Cu - Cr alloy in 3.5 % NaCl + H2SO4 solution had been studied by means of metallograph,SEM/EDX and XRD method.The results show that the dechromium of Cu - Cr alloy initiation at boundary of Cr,and extension on the surface of Cr.The higher the temperature and concentration of H2SO4 solution,the aggravate the tendency of dechromium.


BiVO4 was selected as a model to manipulate the luminescence and photocatalysis by Eu3+ ions incorporation. Eu3+-uniformly doped and surface-localized BiVO4 was prepared by a coprecipitation route ...


The term "Specific Language Impairment" (SLI) refers to disturbances in acquiring the skills needed for language, especially the syntactic and morphological components, in children who are not diagnosed with structural anomalies of the brain, hearing impairments, or significant general learning impairments, and who have not been deprived of contact with other people (Rapin 1996). Several important theories on the pathomechanisms of SLI include memory deficits, especially working and phonological memory. Of particular interest is the procedural deficit hypothesis advanced by Michael T. Ullman and Elizabeth I. Pierpont, which attempts to integrate neuronal, cognitive, and linguistic research on SLI and explain the heterogeneity of the deficits ascribed to this disorder, and will be described in this article. The importance of testing various aspects of memory in individual diagnosis will also be analysed, with particular reference to the co-occurrence of SLI and dyslexia.


In monitoring the Monatele-Sa'a earthquake area, audiomagnetotelluric investigation was carried out using a scalar instrument with a frequency range from 4.1 Hz to 2300 Hz. Data have been collected in the Ntui-Sa'a area near Monatele, along a profile containing seven (07) stations directed N-S, covering approximately a distance of 16.5 km. This profile crosses the Sanaga River which seems to be parallel to a buried big fault which shows no indication on the surface. The validation of the measured resistivity and calculated phase data set is done by the application of dimensionality. The interpretation of data using 2D inversion imaging of the subsurface has lead to the confirmation of two major discontinuities:  The Sanaga fault oriented SSW-NNE, covered by a thick layer of alluvial deposit in the Elang III area. This fault is bisected to a lateral fracture between Nkolessono and Elang III.  The fault network in Biakoa-Goura intersected the Sanaga fault is characterised by secondary faults in Biakoa and Talba. The presence of a fault network traversing the Sanaga fault shows that the study area belongs to the major tectonic accident area known as the Cameroon Central shear zone (CCSZ). The tectonic node relaxation of the Biakoa-Goura seems to be the origin of the February 2005 earthquake in Monatele and Yaounde northern areas. Department of Physics, Advanced Teacher's Training College, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 47, Yaounde Cameroon Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde Cameroon. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde Cameroon. 4 Geology and Mining Exploitation School, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon. 5 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaounde Cameroon. 108 T. Ndougsa-Mbarga et al. The interpretation revealed that quartzite, gneiss and migmatite are in discordance on a basement composed of granite.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of the anterolateral thigh flap in reconstruction for the tissue defects of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal tumor resection.

METHOD
Retrospective review of two clinical cases who underwent pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap after tumor ablation.

RESULT
No flap failure, fistula and stricture occurred in two patients. Two patients tolerated a regular diet. An esophageal voice was progressively acquired with the help of speech therapy. With followup for 16 and 41 months two patients were alive without tumor evolution.

CONCLUSION
The higher success rate,lower complication, quick recovery, made the anterolateral thigh flap interposition is the ideal choice for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction.


ABSTRACT Owing to the constant increase of prices of the process for petrochemical resin and the possibility of harmful formaldehyde emissions from industrial produced medium-density fiberboards (M...


To assess the outcomes and potential predictors of residual leak after implantation of the GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder (GSO) in secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs).


Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory disorder which mainly affects the diarthrodial joint. It has societal effect in terms of cost, disability, and lost productivity. However the pathogenesis of disease is not well understood. Efforts are being made to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of RA. It has been reported that proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IL1b, and IL-6 are important mediators of the disease perpetuation. Moreover, there are also reports that free radical generation worsens the disease and contribute towards damage to bone and cartilage. Immune cells such as T cells also impart their role in the progress of the disease. Apart from the conventional treatment strategies using NSAIDs, DMARDs and glucocorticoids newer and safer drugs are continuously being searched, as long term usage of these drugs have resulted in the hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders. Alternative medicine is another therapeutic approach for treatment of the disease, which include herbal and folklore medicines. Many plants and plant products are under scientific exploration to develop a novel therapeutic agent. Here we have tried to review traditional medicine for their potential to treat RA. Hemlata Rathore, Brijesh Rathore* and Seema Singh Department of Physiology and Department of Biochemistry* Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Sarfarazganj Lucknow, U.P., India-226003 ERA'S JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AND ITS PATHOPHYSIOLOGY VOL.6 NO.1 Review Article Page: 88 ERA'S JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH, VOL.6 NO.1 Dr. Seema Singh Department of Physiology Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow-226003 Email: email@example.com Contact no:+91-9451993425 Address for correspondence Received on : 27-03-2019 Accepted on : 21-05-2019


1 Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education), Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Shandong, Qingdao 266042, China 2 Trent Biomaterials Research Center, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 7B8 3Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia 4Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China


3D laser scanning is an advanced surveying and mapping,and information technology with quick development in the recent years,and plays an important role in historical relics protection.This paper summarized the characteristics of 3D laser scanning technology.From the point of view of historical relics protection in rocks and soils,taking the practical historical relics protection project as an example,it emphasized on the application of 3D laser scanning in information reservation,virtual restoration,and monitoring for historical relics.Finally,it pointed out that the further application and development of 3D laser scanning in protection for historical relics in rocks and soils should combine with the requirements of relics protection,and the improvement and perfection of hardware and software and the integrative application of relevant technologies are important research issues.


Motivated by some recent results obtained concerning the invariance properties of a particular family of generalized KdV equations, we investigate the possible significance of classical Lie invariance groups as a test for complete integrability.


In this study, we describe a photocatalytic system based on spherical fluorescent carbon-core nanoparticles (nanodots) that can be activated with ultraviolet radiation. The carbon nanodots with a poly(propionylethylenimine-co-ethylenimine) coating were investigated in human prostate adenocarcinoma (Du145 and PC3) cell cultures in vitro. The cells become more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation when preincubated with the nanodots. The inverse slope of the cell survival curves is about 20–30% lower for the carbon nanodots and radiation compared to that for the radiation alone. Such photoactivatable carbon nanodots can be suggested for use in photocatalytic and photodynamic applications.


Changes in population structure have a major effect on the development of financial sector in economies. This paper uses the fixed effect model to estimate this impact with data of 217 countries from year 2000 to 2019, taking the ratio of M2 and GDP as the explained variable, the elderly dependency ratio and the child dependency ratio the explanatory variables and finding that financial development first increases and then decreases with the increase of the dependency ratio of the population, showing an inverted U-shaped curve as a whole. According to this conclusion, this paper makes relative policy recommendations, such as keeping the birth rate within a reasonable range, improving the productivity of labors and strengthening the training of young labors.


The objective of this study is to highlight the effects of ethnic, linguistic, and religious diversity on business sustainability in Cameroon. To achieve this objective, the authors used data from a survey conducted in the cities of Douala and Yaoundé by the Laboratory for Research in Fundamental and Applied Economics (LAREFA) of the University of Dschang. Using a censored Tobit model, the following results were obtained: (1) Ethnic diversity and linguistic diversity each have a positive effect on the sustainability of Cameroonian companies. However, when the linguistic diversity index is too high, its effect becomes significantly negative. (2) Whatever its level, religious diversity has a negative effect on the sustainability of Cameroonian companies.


Conservative measures were tried in 57 patients with respiratory failure following chest injury initially who were thought not to require artificial ventilation. In 30 of these thoracic epidural analgesia was considered unsuitable and in these patients pain was managed with either intercestal nerve block or parenteral narcotics. Thirteen of these eventually needed artificial ventilation. Of 27 patients in whom epidural analgesia was considered to be suitable, difficulty in obtaining adequate analgesia was initially encountered in 6 but adequate block was ultimately achieved. In 6 patients artificial ventilation was later needed. Conservative measures were successful in 38 of 57 patients.


Uttarakhand, India has great potential for hydro development because of its mountainous environment and fast flowing rivers. While growth in the hydro sector could facilitate industrial development and improve social well-being in the state, it could also have severe negative impacts on social-ecological systems. Using a qualitative methodology involving a review of documents, field observations, and over 100 interviews with government, industry officials and community members, the research investigated two large hydro projects in the Chamoli District. The results show that public participation in project planning and implementation did not exemplify characteristics of meaningful involvement. The participation processes would have been improved with greater opportunities for advanced, decentralised, and more active local involvement. The conclusion is that the central and state governments should play a more assertive role in regulating large-scale hydro development in Uttarakhand, to facilitate meaningful public participation and to protect local environmental, economic and social interests.


Introduction: Hearing impairment and hearing loss are kinds of latent handicap in children. Any abnormality in hearing can affect different aspects of life. Otoacoustic emissions have been accepted as an appropriate method for screening of hearing loss in neonates. In this study we assessed the hearing status of infants admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) wards in Yazd. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on hearing status of infants admitted in ICU wards of Yazd hospital in 2012-2013. Data was collected using a questionnaire involving demographic data of the infants and their parents. Data was gathered from infants' medical files and interview by their parents. Data was analyzed by SPSS- 20, using chi square test. Results: 514 infants were introduced for primary screening. 82 subjects were referred for the second step of Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) test. Seventy subjects referred for second OAE. Among all 25 infants with hearing impairment, there was no family history of hearing loss, but among the subjects with normal hearing, 5 subjects showed hearing loss. Conclusion: Hearing loss in neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit (NICU) is more common than general population. Early diagnosis of hearing impairment is essential for prevention of future disabilities and development of their life quality which explains the need to screen all neonates for hearing impairment.


In this study, a driving v model for electric vehicle and a controller model for controlling the motor were developed. The driving motor is of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) type based on the d/q axis voltage equation and torque equation, and includes a coordinate conversion module to convert the inputted three-phase voltage to the d/q axis. The controller model is designed to generate d/q axis current corresponding to the torque command through a torque ma and current phase angle map, and a feedforward compensator was included in the current controller model to improve current response. Furthermore, because a voltage constraint occurs at 3,500 rpm, weak field control was performed to control up to the maximum speed. To verify the performance of the developed model, the maximum speed of 11,000 RPM and the maximum torque 350 Nm which were the target performance were confirmed through simulation.


The invention provides a method for recording information into the user word stock and a device thereof. The method comprises presetting the record format of the user word stock, dividing storage space of each word attribute information into a plurality of sub-spaces for recording attribute information of the word under various categories, when a user utilizes an input method system to input characters, defining the present input category of the user according to the collected relative information of the user's present input environment, and further, recording input words of the present category of the user and relative attribute information into the user word stock. The invention creatively proposes of recording user's input habit information (such as, input words, word frequency and thelike) into the user word stock according to different environments, thereby user's input habit can be better and more accurately recorded. Additionally, when a user inputs by using the user word stock of the invention, word inputting can dynamically match with user input environment or the input contents, thereby greatly increasing accuracy of proffered words in inputting process for the user.


High-resolution Pt/C shadowing and replication provided important insights into the size and shape of polymers beginning over 40 years ago. The first images of DNA molecules were made this way. However, in my opinion, this methodology has largely been supplanted by the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), both for direct height measurements (available in Pt/C replicas by measuring shadow lengths when the coating is deposited from one direction only) and for imaging molecular contours. As an everyday example, consider that making a magnetic read and write head for a hard disk drive requires controlling the relative heights of several different regions to a tolerance of about 1 nm. AFM supports production by providing a rapid means of offline analysis, far faster and more precise than any replica method could be.


David Lack (1947, 1969) argued that interspecific competition for food has played a significant role in the adaptive radiation of Darwin's Finches. He regularly invoked competition to explain morphological and distributional patterns in the finches. An important example is the altitudinal distribution of Geospiza difficilis in relation to G. fuliginosa (Fig. 1). Low elevation, dry islands in the Galapagos are occupied by one of the two species, but never both. Islands possessing a highland vegetation zone may have both species but here they are altitudinally segregated, with G. fuliginosa occupying the lowlands and G. difficilis the highlands. Lack noted the morphological similarity of these finch species and suggested that G. difficilis had been excluded on low islands or altitudinally restricted on high islands through competition for food by G. fuliginosa wherever the species had come into contact. Bowman (1961), however, suggested instead that the unique food requirements of the two species and differences in food supply among islands, once known, would suffice to explain the pattern. The ecology of these two species was recently investigated over a calendar year on Isla Pinta where they coexist (Schluter, 1982a, 1982b). Surveys conducted on this island and on Islas San Salvador and Fernandina (unpubl. observ.) revealed that G. difficilis and G. fuliginosa are not allopatric as Lack believed. Their altitudinal ranges overlap extensively year-round although they are not coextensive (Fig. 2). Detailed observations of behavior and abundance strongly suggested that interspecific competition between them is presently weak. Food supply was probably limiting over part of the year, but interspecific aggression (e.g., territoriality) was not observed, and their diets and feeding positions were very different. The distributions and abundance of both species along the elevational gradient on Isla Pinta could easily be interpreted as being determined by the availability of their different foods. The question of whether past competition has influenced the distribution of G. difficilis in relation to G. fuliginosa remains. Significantly, G. difficilis varies in size and shape from island to island. For example on Isla Genovesa the species resembles the missing G. fuliginosa (Lack, 1947; see also Grant, in press). Possibly G. difficilis has adapted to exploit lowland environments on islands without a highland zone, and it is this lowland form which cannot coexist with G. fuliginosa. Observed differences in sympatry might also be the result of past competition. Lack's competition hypothesis is therefore still consistent with the observed insular distributions of these two species. Here we report the results of a field study which tested the argument that competition has influenced the distributions on low islands, against two alternative hypotheses based on Bowman's (1961) suggestions. We use information gained on diets, density and food supply of G. difficilis and G. fuliginosa on Pinta (Schluter, 1982b) to predict attributes of the two species in allopatry. The three hypotheses make different predictions, and these are tested with field data. The allopatric populations we used were G. difficilis on Genovesa and G. fuliginosa on Marchena (Fig. 2).


The network structure of hydrogels is a vital factor to determine their physical properties. Two network structures within hydrogels based on eight-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)(8PEG) have been obtained; the distinction between the two depends on the way in which the macromonomers were crosslinked: either by (i) commonly-used photo-initiated chain-growth polymerization (8PEG–UV), or (ii) Michael addition step-growth polymerization (8PEG–NH3). The crystallization of hydrogels is facilitated by a solvent drying process to obtain a thin hydrogel film. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) results reveal that, while in the 8PEG–UV hydrogels only nano-scaled crystallites are apparent, the 8PEG–NH3 hydrogels exhibit an assembly of giant crystalline domains with spherulite sizes ranging from 100 to 400 µm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses further confirm these results. A model has been proposed to elucidate the correlations between the polymer network structures and the crystallization behavior of PEG-based hydrogels.


- The miR-132/212 cluster controls ribosomal protein expression through directly targeting two transcriptional co-activators, BTAF1 and p300. Leishmania donovani -infected miR-132/212 -/- mice display increased IL-10 and reduced IFN g protein expression in Th1 cells, reduced hepatosplenomegaly, and increased parasite burdens. ABSTRACT 34 Determining the mechanisms that distinguish from 35 pathological chronic inflammation remains a fundamental challenge. miR-132 has 36 been shown to play largely immunoregulatory roles in immunity, however its role 37 in CD4 + T cell function is poorly understood. Here, we show that CD4 + T cells 38 express high levels of miR-132 and that T cell activation leads to miR-132 up- 39 regulation. The transcriptomic hallmark of splenic CD4 + T cells lacking the miR- 40 132/212 cluster during chronic infection is an increase in mRNAs levels of 41 ribosomal protein (RP) genes. BTAF1, a co-factor of B-TFIID and novel miR- 42 132/212-3p target, and p300 contribute towards miR-132/212-mediated regulation 43 of RP transcription. Following infection with Leishmania donovani miR-132 -/- CD4 + 44 T cells display enhanced expression of IL-10 and decreased IFN g . This is 45 associated with reduced hepatosplenomegaly and enhanced pathogen load. The 46 enhanced IL-10 expression in miR-132 -/- Th1 cells is recapitulated in vitro 47 following treatment with phenylephrine, a drug reported to promote ribosome 48 synthesis. Our results uncover that miR-132/212-mediated regulation of RP 49 expression is critical for optimal CD4 + T cell activation and protective immunity 50 against pathogens.


Overall, the book gives an excellent picture of the ongoing debate on fiscal policy in Costa Rica. On some occasions, the reader will observe a certain politicisation of this debate, something inevitable in a book containing government officers' views from different administrations. For this reason, the value of the book would have been enhanced if it had included a more substantial introduction providing an analytical framework within which to discuss the different views and experiences and, thus, to obtain more meaningful policy conclusions. In sum, this book is recommended to all those interested in the fiscal adjustment process undertaken in Costa Rica. The book also gives valuable information about the fiscal policy implemented by the rest of the Central American governments, but the reader is advised to approach critically this part of the book, since it shows only the government views.


Background: Estrogen receptor and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathways are important for both normal mammary gland development and breast cancer pathogenesis. Despite this evidence, cross-talk between these two critical mitogenic and survival pathways remains poorly understood, particularly at the level of downstream gene transcriptional networks. Methods: We performed microarray analysis on ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells following stimulation with either estradiol (10nM) or IGF-I (10nM) for 3hr or 24hr. We defined an E2-IGF gene expression signature and examined the effect of the gene signature on time to recurrence in ER+ tumors in the publicly available NKI dataset. Q-RT-PCR was used to validate the effects of IGF-I and E2 on mRNA of repressed genes. To examine gene regulation further, MCF-7 cells were incubated with various signaling inhibitors and gene expression measured. Results: We found 183 probesets to be co-regulated by E2 and IGF-I after 3hr of stimulation and 454 probesets to be co-regulated at the 24hr time point. Patients with tumors that had the same set of genes up- and down-regulated had a poor outcome (p=7.04E-07). E2-IGF co-regulated genes showed a significant enrichment for down-regulated genes (p Conclusions: E2 and IGF-I co-regulate a set of genes that affect breast cancer outcome. E2 and IGF-I down-regulate several critical tumor suppressor genes. While the down-regulation is independent of each other at the level of ER and IGF-IR, for some genes, there is convergence on the PI3K pathway for repression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1126.


Junction temperature is the final temperature of any device, after that device became dead. In this paper, junction temperature of target device i.e. Pseudo Noise sequence random generator based optical transmitter is controlled using heat sink profile and airflow. Heat sink and airflow are the cooling techniques for thermal efficient design on FPGA. We operated target device at high speed transceiver logic (HSTL) on FPGA at 1, 10,100 and 1000 (GHz) operating frequency. Each IO standard is examined with two airflow values (250 MFL and 500MFL) and Heat sink values (Low profile, Medium profile and high profile). For HSTL_I the reduction in junction temperature is (4%, 5%, 16% and 20%), HSTL_III (2%, 4%, 40%, and 67%), HSTL_I_18 (2%, 15%, 59%, and 68%), HSTL_III_18 (2.4%, 19%, 62%, and 74%) is recorded at respective frequencies. Significant reduction of 74% in junction temperature is observed at 1000GHz using HSTL_III_18. We conclude that for frequencies above 10GHz the heat sink profile and air flow significantly reduces the junction temperature using HSTL_III_18. This design makes the target device, energy efficient, system will be integrated with other optical components to make optical communication system green. Xilinx ISE22.214.171.124 design tool is used to perform the experiment.


The purpose of this article was to study affirmative actions, with emphasis on the politics of racial quotas adopted by Brazilian universities. The central question is whether these measures have legal support for their application or whether they would be unconstitutional because they face the principle of equality set forth in the Federal Constitution of 1988. The work was carried out using as a base the bibliographic exploratory research. It was verified that the principle of equality (isonomy) is constituted as a constitutional means by which differentiated treatment is ensured to individuals who are in unequal situations. Thus affirmative measures, in the form of quotas, represent an important instrument for a just society, but cannot be treated as the solution to the racial problems in the country.


. Let M be a Riemannian manifold with the Jacobi operator, which has constant eigenvalues, independent on the unit vector X 2 T p M and the point p 2 M . Osserman conjectured that these manifolds are flat or rank-one locally symmetric spaces ( r R = 0). It is known that for a general pseudo-Riemannian manifold, the Osserman-type conjecture is not true and 4- dimensional Kleinian Jordan-Osserman manifolds are curvature homogeneous. We show that the length of the (cid:12)rst covariant derivative of the curvature tensor is isotropic, i.e. kr R k = 0. For known examples of 4-dimensional Osserman manifolds of signature ( −− ++) we check also that kr R k = 0. By the presentation of a class of examples we show that curvature homogeneity and kr R k = 0 do not imply local homogeneity; in contrast to the situation in the Riemannian geometry, where it is unknown if the Osserman condition implies local homogeneity.


A 32-year-old multiparous woman at 29 weeks of gestation developed dizziness, fainting, meaningless and difficult speech, stiffness in the extremities, and movement limitation following the non-severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed hyperintense lesions in the white matter on T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. The COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab test in our center resulted negative;however, the serum COVID-19 antibody was positive. The cerebrospinal fluid was clear, no pathogen was reproduced in the culture, and the oligoclonal band was negative. Intravenous pulse steroid therapy and six cycles of plasmapheresis were administered. The symptoms improved partially;however, full recovery could not be achieved despite the treatment. This case emphasizes that acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which can have severe consequences, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological symptoms in pregnant women who are infected with COVID-19. © 2021 by Turkish Neurological Society.


The settlement of Namibia's long running conflict remains one of the major successes of the United Nations. Over the course of one year, UN peacekeepers assisted the people of Namibia to gain their independence after years of oppressive South African rule. This book provides an in depth study of the conditions contributing to the UN's success in Namibia and what these reveal about peacekeeping and peace enforcing in other countries.


Abstract
 Background:
 No information is available from Middle Eastern countries linking dietary calcium intake and odds of breast cancer. Objective This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary calcium intake and odds of having breast cancer among Iranian women.
 Methods:
 In this population-based case-control study, 350 newly diagnosed breast cancer cases were recruited and 700 age-matched subjects were enrolled as controls. Dietary intakes were examined by the use of a 106-item validated FFQ. Total dietary calcium intake of each participant was computed by summing up calcium intake from all foods and dishes. The quartile cutoff points of energy-adjusted calcium intake was obtained in the control group. These cutoff points were used to classify all study participants into quartiles in terms of dietary calcium intake.
 Results:
 After adjustment for age and energy intake, we found that individuals in second quartile of calcium intake were 43% less likely to have breast cancer compared with those in the bottom quartile (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.38–0.86). This significant association disappeared after further controlling for other potential confounders including dietary factors and BMI (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.57–1.45). When the analyses were done by menopausal status, premenopausal women with the greatest calcium intake were 60% less likely to have breast malignancy than those with the lowest intake (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16–0.99). Adjustment for potential confounders did not substantially influence this finding (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11–0.95). The association remained significant even after additional controlling for dietary covariates (OR: 021; 95% CI: 0.06–0.72) and BMI (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.04–0.93). No significant association was found between dietary calcium intakes and odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
 Discussion:
 Dietary calcium intake was protectively associated with odds of breast cancer in premenopausal women, but not in postmenopausal women. Further prospective investigations are needed to confirm these findings.


Angiotensin receptor blockers have been reported to be beneficial to liver fibrosis, but the relevant molecular and cellular mechanisms keep unclear. We herein investigated whether low dose angiotensin receptor blocker alleviated liver fibrosis through mechanotransduction regulation. Hydrostatic pressure-induced liver fibrosis model was established in mice by ligating partially the inferior vena cava, and then randomly received a very low dose of losartan (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo treatment for 8 weeks. We found that losartan administration interfered the expression of several mechanotransductive molecules, and effectively alleviated liver fibrosis. Using a commercial device, we further confirmed that ex vivo loading of hepatic stellate cells to 50 mmHg hydrostatic pressure for 24 hours significantly upregulated RhoA, ROCK and p-MLC, which was effectively attenuated by adding 10 nM losartan in medium. Our in vivo and ex vivo experimental data suggest that low dose angiotensin receptor blocker may alleviate hydrostatic pressure-induced liver fibrosis by altering the mechanotransduction properties of hepatic stellate cells.


Transition-edge sensors (TESs) have found a wide range of applications in both space- and land-based astronomical photon measurement and are being used in the search for dark matter and neutrino mass measurements. A fundamental aspect of TES physics that has not been investigated is the sensitivity of TESs to strong DC electric fields (10 kV/m and above). Understanding the resilience of TESs to DC electric fields is essential when considering their use as charged particle spectrometers, a field in which TESs could have an enormous impact. Techniques such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy produce a high number of low-energy electrons that are not of interest and can be screened from the detector using electrostatic deflection. The use of strong electric fields could also provide a mass-efficient route to prevent secondary electron measurements arising from cosmic radiation in space-based TES applications. Integrating electron optics into the TES membrane provides an elegant and compact means to control the interaction between charged particles and the sensor, whether by screening unwanted particles or enhancing the particle absorption efficiency but implementing such techniques requires understanding the sensitivity of the TES to the resulting electric fields. In this work, we applied a uniform DC electric field across a Mo/Au TES using a parallel pair of flat electrodes positioned above and below the TES. The electric field in the vicinity of the TES was enhanced by the presence of silicon backing plate directly beneath the TES. Using this arrangement, we were able to apply of electric fields up to 90 kV/m across the TES. We observed no electric field sensitivity at any field strength demonstrating the capability to use TESs in environments of strong electric fields.


Web mining is the application of data mining techniques to discover the patterns from the web. Most of the end users were searching for an effective system which can provide an optimized comparative solution without any big expenditure. The aim of the paper is to develop more intelligent system to potentially help the user in finding and extracting the valuable information and resources. Thus the developed framework will automatically extract the data from the internet based web applications to process the data in linear tree fashion. An automatic parser will be placed in the backend of the system which will take care of subdividing the web patterns in to smaller pieces of patterns which include prefix, suffix and separators. The exact information about the data located in the web pages is retrieved. The data will be cleaned up and formatted for manipulation which enables an emergent of efficient cost comparative system. A multi perspective crawling mechanism used in fetching the information from admin defined multiple websites and load into the system. Thus the process involves in enhanced level of website content searching with creating centralized network data storage. Keywords— W eb mining, web data extraction, parser, crawler and trinity.


BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
It had been observed that BRM-SJS had antitumor effect in our clinical practice. This study was designed to investigate the antitumor activity of BRM-SJS, and mechanism of its action.

METHODS
In vitro antitumor experiments with MTT method, meanwhile cell morphology, flow cytometry, and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed for determining apoptosis in several tumor cell lines.

RESULTS
BRM-SJS had antitumor effects on human Suzhou human glioma (SHG-44), breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human pancreas carcinoma (PANC1) in vitro, the IC50 values of BRM-SJS were 0. 299 mg/ml, 1.853 mg/ml and 9.416 mg/ml respectively. At the 2. 5 mg of BRM-SJS on SHG-44 and MCF-7, marked morphological changes, including cell shrinkage and condensation of chromosomes, were observed with electric microscope. The increase of apoptosis in SHG-44 and MCF-7 cells treated with BRM-SJS extracts 0.625 -2.5 mg for 14 -48 h was observed by Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry analysis. Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from SHG-44 and MCF-7 cells treated with BRM-SJS extracts 1.25 -5 mg for 24 h or 48 h showed marked DNA Ladder pattern.

CONCLUSION
Antitumor activity of BRM-SJS may be related with inducement of apoptosis of tumor cells.


Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation at sites of disease. Although any organ can be involved, the disease most commonly affects the lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes. Clinical features of sarcoidosis bear a similarity with tuberculosis (TB), thus the dilemma of excluding TB in a suspected patient of sarcoidosis or differentiating between the two entities continues to be a clinical and diagnostic challenge particularly in countries endemic for TB like India. Here we present a case of sarcoidosis in a 50 years old lady who was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis.


The distributed deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) makes the network more convenient, but it also causes more hidden security hazards that are difficult to be solved. For example, the unprotected deployment of sensors makes distributed anomaly detection systems for WSNs more vulnerable to internal attacks, and the limited computing resources of WSNs hinder the construction of a trusted environment. In recent years, the widely observed blockchain technology has shown the potential to strengthen the security of the Internet of Things. Therefore, we propose a blockchain-based ensemble anomaly detection (BCEAD), which stores the model of a typical anomaly detection algorithm (isolated forest) in the blockchain for distributed anomaly detection in WSNs. By constructing a suitable block structure and consensus mechanism, the global model for detection can iteratively update to enhance detection performance. Moreover, the blockchain guarantees the trust environment of the network, making the detection algorithm resistant to internal attacks. Finally, compared with similar schemes, in terms of performance, cost, etc., the results prove that BCEAD performs better.


Objective:To study the risk factors,diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tract fungal infection.Methods:The retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data in 48 cases of respiratory tract fungal infection.Results:The risk factors for respiratory tract fungal infection were long-term use of broad spectrum antibiotics and glucocorticoids.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,bronchiectasis and silicosis were common in fungal infection.Conclusion:The rational use of antibiotics and glucocorticoids,early diagnosis and prompt antifungal treatment are the important measures to reduce respiratory tract fungal infection and its mortality.


This study aims to investigate the electrodynamics of intracortical microelectrodes and the effects of the different design parameters on the electrode electrical functionality. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) was used to create a low frequency electromagnetic model for the stimulation electrodes and the surrounding brain tissue. The paper also presents the effect of mechanical reinforcement metal planes on the electric field distribution within the brain tissue. The knowledge extracted from the simulation results will be used in the optimization of microelectrode architectures and s timulation pads layouts in order to improve the electrodes functionality and biocompatibility. electric field distribution within the brain tissue. The metal planes provide mechanical support for the electrode during insertion. The results are currently used in the design and optimization of multisite 3'D micro intra'electrode s.


The Turkish credit card market has recently undergone two important formal regulations: the interchange fee regulation in 2005 and the interest rate regulation in 2006. Banks started to charge annual fees to cardholders after the interest rate regulation, before which credit card ownership was costless. This practice sparked a widespread public outcry and legislative activity to control annual fees. Consumer unions vigorously called for regulations. They argued that in response to the fall in their interest revenues, banks started to exercise excessive market power in the payment services market. By employing the Panzar and Rosse (1982, 1987) method and a unique data set for all non-participation banks between 2002 and 2008, we investigate the effects of the formal and informal regulations on competition in the payment services market. We find that despite the increase in prices, the credit card payment services market actually became more competitive after the interest rate regulation. We attribute the rise in banks' prices to a rise in their costs. Because of the prevailing informal regulations banks could pass along only part of the increase in their costs to the prices of their payment services. The resulting fall in their price-cost margins reduced banks' market power in the payment services market. Thus, our results do not justify further price regulations.


Changes in the Earth's magnetic field have global significance that reach from the outer core extending out to the uppermost atmosphere. Paleomagnetic records derived from sedimentary and volcanic sequences provide important insights into the geodynamo processes that govern the largest geomagnetic changes (polarity reversals), but dating uncertainties have hindered progress in this understanding. Here, we report a paleomagnetic record from multiple lava flows on Tahiti that bracket the Matuyama‐Brunhes (M‐B) polarity reversal ∼771,000 years ago. Our high‐precision 40Ar/39Ar ages constrain several rapid and short‐lived changes in field orientation up to 33,000 years prior to the M‐B reversal. These changes are similar to ones identified in other less well‐dated lava flows in Maui, Chile, and La Palma that occurred during an extended period of reduced field strength recorded in sediments. We use a simple stochastic model to show that these rapid polarity changes are highly attenuated in sediment records with low sedimentation rates. This prolonged 33,000 year period of reduced field strength and increased geomagnetic instability supports models that show frequent centennial‐to‐millennial‐scale polarity changes in the presence of a strongly weakened dipole field.


In this paper, a new blind Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation algorithm for Discrete Multi Tone (DMT) system is obtained by introducing the Propagator Method (PM) in conjunction with the well- known MUSIC based high resolution searching algorithm. Furthermore, the PM does not require the eigen value decomposition (EVD) or singular value decomposition (SVD) of the covariance matrix of the received signals; computer simulations are also included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other conventional methods.


Corresponding author: Francisco Javier Peris-Felipo, E-mail: email@example.com Copyright © 2016, Cortés et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Subfamily Alysiinae Leach, 1815 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Iran: new records and updated list


Summary The total number of species of mosses now definitely known to occur in the Northern Territory of Australia is 95. Of these 54 have not been reported previously, 7 are confirmed and 15 are new records for the Australian flora, including two new species (Fissidens darwinianus and F. gillianus)\ 7 previously reported were based on errors of identification; 6 others remain doubtful, no collections having been seen. Collections representative of distribution and presence in different herbaria are cited.


Introduction. The relevance of the research is accounted for by the need to take into account the specific organisation of muscular-activity energy supply in children at different stages of age development in the process of physical education. The purpose of the study is to identify the typological features of muscular activity bioenergetics in 9-10-year old girls and experimentally substantiate the methodology of differentiated physical training at physical education lessons on this basis. Materials and methods. The study encompassed a number of girls aged 9-10 (n=211). A set of functional and ergometric indices was used to assess the muscular energy and fitness for work. In order to identify the typological characteristics of muscular energy, the cluster analysis was applied – iterative method for k-means grouping. Results. Based on the cluster analysis, the following types of muscle energy supply were identified: aerobic; mixed; phosphatic; anaerobic. There are distinctions between separate clusters in indicators of muscular energy and capacity for work (t=2.3-34.7; p<0.05-0.001), physical development (t=2.6-6.1; p<0.05-0.001) and fitness (t=2.3-34.6; p<0.05-0.001). It was revealed that schoolgirls with the prevalence of aerobic metabolism show high level of endurance along with leptosomal physique, while the ones with prevalent anaerobic metabolism – high level of fastness, strength and swiftness/strength-specific qualities, along with eurysomal physique. Special methodology of differentiated physical training at physical education classes was developed with regard for the type of muscular energy. The use of this methodology in the experimental group revealed more expressed increment in absolute and relative values of maximal oxygen consumption in comparison with the control group (t=3.1; p<0.01 and t=3.4; p<0.01) and PWC170 (t=3.8; p<0.01 and t=3.1; p<0,01), V40 (t=4.0; p<0.01), V240 (t=3.5; p<0.01), V900 (t=3.4 ; p<0.01), Lns (t=4.1; p<0.01), coefficients "a" (t=3.0; p<0.01) and "b" (t=3.4; p<0.01), 30-metre running (t=2.3; p<0.01), 60-metre running (t=4.6; p<0.01), jumping (t=7.5; p<0.01), shuttle run (t=3.0; p<0.01), 6-minute running (t=3.5; p<0.01), torso lifting (t=4.9; p<0.01). Conclusion. The research results testify to high efficiency of using the differentiated physical training methodology based on account of typological features of muscular-activity energy supply at physical education classes at school.


Abstract The corrosion of mild steel in kraft chemical pulping equipment has been investigated by laboratory electrochemical testing in relevant caustic solutions. Potentiostatic polarization curves were obtained in alkaline electrolytes with additions of sulfur containing compounds known to exist in process liquors. By observing the relative effects of individual sulfur species, it was possible to infer their respective contributions to the corrosion of steel in kraft white liquor. Sulfide and thiosulfate ions were both found to impair the ability of steel to passivate, and hence could be described as corrosion activators. Sulfite and sulfate ions had no effect. Polysulfide ions control the corrosion potential.


The issue of high Chief Executive Officer (CEO) compensation has attracted much attention among researchers in recent years. One study reports that the average CEO salary for an S&P 500 firm in 2006 was $14.8 million. In addition, many Ivy League graduates move on to the executive offices of America's top corporations after having spent over $50,000 per year on tuition. This investigation examines whether having a degree from an Ivy League school is associated with higher CEO compensation. I find that, after controlling for other factors, an Ivy League education is not associated with higher total compensation. Further investigation shows that having an Ivy League degree is associated with marginally higher salary and marginally higher "other" income, but is also associated with significantly lower stock-based compensation.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of psychotherapy in Parkinson' s disease(PD) with depression.Methods 85 PD patients with depression were assigned randomly into treatment group(44 cases) and controls(41 cases).The treatment group received psychotherapy in addition to anti-parkinsonian drugs.Before the beginning of the therapy and after 2 months,depression symptoms were evaluated by the brief Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD).Results The scores of depression were decreased significantly in treatment group compared with controls(P0.001).Conclusion Psychotherapeutic intervention could improve health related quality of life in PD with depression.


Theoretical reflection on moral disagreement can be pertinent from a practical point of view. When far reaching policies depend on agreement about conflicting moral options, the need may be felt to reflect on strategies for reducing conflict and reaching a consensus. In such a context, it may for instance be useful to study mechanisms that tend to bring about bias and prejudice. In this paper, however, I will not be concerned with whatever might be done to reduce disagreement. My approach will be purely theoretical and will concentrate on the nature of moral disagreement, more particularly on the question how disagreement about conflicting moral claims differs from disagreements about conflicting empirical claims. This will lead me to the defence of a kind of perspectivism. I will argue for the view that moral disagreement is to be expected if morality is intimately associated with the quest for meaning. I will conclude by making a couple of critical remarks about a doctrine (consequentialism) that tries to free morality from the quest for meaning and hence also from perspectivism.


This publication presents the experience of a particular kindergarten, which are aspects of the education of talent and creating a creative environment for the development of gifted children based on years of practical experience. The article describes the relation of continuity in the system of education and development of creative abilities of pupils. The paper shows the main steps of the conditions of successful work, the activities that are carried out with gifted children. Systemic pedagogical work consistently lined steps of training aimed at all-round development of the rich potentialities possessed by children from birth.


We examined the renal, hormonal and central thirst and arginine vasopressin (AVP) osmoregulatory systems that accompany the aging process and how these influence the risk of altered water and electrolyte balance in the elderly. When deprived of fluid or confronted with a hyperosmotic or hypovolemic stimulus, elderly people exhibit a decreased perception of thirst and reduced fluid intake. Altered hydromineralbalance is a common feature in elderly people due to impaired capacity to restore and maintain fluid balance. The consequent hypovolemia appears to be induced by decreased thirst sensation and baroreceptor sensitivity. More so, there is reduced oropharyngeal-induced inhibition of AVP release after drinking and the kidneys gradually become unresponsive to even higher levels of circulating AVP, thereby either leading to volume overload or reducing the body's water retention capacity. These defects combine to increase the susceptibility of elderly people to disturbances in water and electrolyte balance, which manifest as dehydration/hypovolemia and hypernatremia, or overhydration and hyponatremia.


The feasibility of controlling film microstructure and nanocomposition of FePt film with various compositions of the CoAg underlayer by ion beam sputtering accompanied by an external magnetic field was performed. The characteristic of phase separation of the CoAg underlayer was employed to induce an inductive magnetism region which reduced the annealing temperature acquired for L10-FePt. The segregation of Co atoms could influence the corresponding magnetic properties of FePt. After annealing at 400°C, the FePt∕CoAg films deposited under the magnetic field showed a larger coercivity (Hc=5kOe) than that of the film deposited without a magnetic field (Hc=0.4kOe).


Kinematic source inversion using strong motion and GPS data gives detailed image of the heterogeneous source rupture process during large earthquakes. The obtained source models have been used to discuss the relationship between the heterogeneous rupture process and the near-source strong ground motions and to develop the strong motion prediction technique based on the recipe (e.g., Iwata, 2009). However, there are critical discussion on the stability and reliability of the kinematic source inversion results, and an international project for source inversion validation was launched (e.g., Mai et al., 2010). In this study, we analyze the stability and uncertainty of the kinematic source inversion solution by bootstrap approach suing the data set for the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake. As for the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake, we have already obtained the source rupture process by the multiple time-window linear waveform inversion method (Hartzell and Heaton, 1983) using the velocity waveform data at 12 strong motion stations of K-NET and KiK-net (0.05-1 Hz) and the horizontal static offset measured at 19 GPS stations of GEONET (Asano and Iwata, 2007). The one-dimensional velocity structure models for strong motion stations were optimized by the aftershock's waveform modeling. The relative weight between strong motion and GPS data and the smoothing strength were objectively determined by minimizing ABIC. In this study, we generated 1000 data sets by randomly removing three strong motion stations and four GPS stations from the original data set. From 1000 solutions, we calculated the averages, standard deviations, and the coefficients of variation of the total seismic moment and the slip amount at each subfault. The average total seismic moment is 1.64x10 Nm and average maximum slip is 4.8 m, those are comparable to the estimation by Asano and Iwata (2007). Those coefficients of variation are 9% and 11%, respectively. We will also investigate spatiotemporal characteristics of those statistical parameters in detail. From above analyses, we can conclude that we could obtain the reliable stable solution if we used efficient number of data and appropriate velocity structure model. Acknowledgments: Strong motion data of K-NET and KiK-net of NIED and the daily coordinate data of GEONET of GSI are used in this study.


The use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has grown significantly in the past decade. While IoT is expected to improve life for many by enabling smart living spaces, the number of security risks that consumers and businesses will face is also increasing. A high number of vulnerable IoT devices are prone to attacks and easy exploit. Existing research has focused on security that must be implemented by administrators and manufacturers to be effective. Our work focuses on a system that does not rely on best practices by IoT device companies, but rather allows inexperienced users to be confident about the security of the devices that they add to their network. We present an implementation of an IoT architectural framework based on Software Defined Networking (SDN). In this architecture, IoT devices attempting to join an IoT network are scanned for vulnerabilities using custom vulnerability scanners and penetration testing tools before being allowed to communicate with any other device. In the case that a vulnerability is detected, the system will try to fix the vulnerability. If the fix fails, then the user will be alerted to the vulnerability and provided with suggestions for fixing it before it will be allowed to join the network. Our implementation demonstrates that the approach works and causes minimal overhead to the network once the device is deemed trustworthy.


The Run II operation and availability for the LHC RF system are presented, including year-to-year performance comparisons. In addition, the evolution of the present RF system is discussed, with improvements in diagnostics, operation, and software being highlighted. Lessons learned from the Run II RF performance are reviewed, with a focus both on limitations that were addressed during Run II and limitations that may have implications for Run III and beyond. Finally, an overview of operational parameters, spares management, and long-term developments is presented. RF SYSTEM AVAILABILITY The RF system remained reliable throughout the years. During Run II, the duration of the RF root cause faults, which corrects for parallel errors and fault dependencies never exceeded 6 % [1]. The distribution of the different types of RF faults is shown in Table 1. The table takes into account the 'production period' of proton physics, as well as special physics runs as defined in [1]. Table 1: Breakdown of LHC RF system faults during the proton runs of Run II. Year 2018 2017 2016 2015 Availability % 98.8 98.7 99.1 Nb of faults 59 32 36 59 Hardware faults 27 19 16 23 Controls faults 18 10 16 31 Other faults 3 3 0 0 Child faults 11 0 4 5 As 2015 was a re-commissioning year, the RF system was causing more downtime than in other years. The number of faults in 2018 was large, as in 2015, which was partly caused by a larger number of so-called child faults, mainly due to electrical disturbance. However, the total downtime of the RF system was about 50 hours each year. The increasing number of hardware faults may indicate the ageing of the equipment. This shows how important the spare management program is, for both high and low power devices, such as LLRF modules, power supplies, high-voltage tanks, cavities, etc. A noticeable number of controls faults is associated with evolving software in order to cope with the operational requirements that change over time; these changes inevitably lead to some faults. Nevertheless, a significant number of vulnerabilities have been diagnosed and repaired remotely; access was needed mainly in the case of hardware faults. ∗ email@example.com In the proton physics period in 2018 (weeks 13 through 44, fill numbers 6488 to 7395), 48 faults caused by the RF system were reported, resulting in a total of 49.2 h (4.9 %) of root-cause downtime. The breakdown of the RF faults into three main categories is shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Breakdown of RF faults in 2018 operation by category.


In this work, the behavior of some internal microstructural models with different mobility tensors has been studied for polymer melts and solutions under steady and transient simple shear and elongational flows. The time evolution equations for conformation and stress tensors in the models reviewed have their root in the Generalized Poisson bracket formalism. Two different families of conformational models have been selected for this study. The first family is based on the Modified Finitely Extensible Nonlinear Elastic (FENE-P) energy while the second uses a Volume Preserving Conformational Rheological (VPCR) model based on the Hookean Helmholtz free energy function. Several expressions for the mobility tensor based on the previously mentioned energy functions are used to obtain the models. The sensitivity of both families of models to the choice of the mobility tensors on the prediction of material functions in the transient and steady flows is discussed. Also, effects of shear rate on the material functions in start-up and relaxation shear flows for both models are studied. The predictions of both models are compared with experimental data taken from the literature for some polymer melts. These results show that the family of VPCR models is able to predict the steady shear and elongational flow material functions in an extended range of deformation rates whereas the family of FENE-P models can predict the behavior of only some specified polymer melts.


Objective To examine the status of health-related behaviors in minority residents in Guizhou province for providing evidences for valid health education and health promotion measures.Methods Seven hundred and twenty-two subjects aged 15 years or elder of minority Miao,Gelao,Dong and Buyi were surveyed.A questionnaire was used to collect information on health-related behaviors including smoking,alcohol drinking,drinking un-boiled water,measuring blood pressure or not,seeking health-related information and seeing doctors within 2 weeks after being sick.Results There were significant differences in health-related behaviors between the national minority and Han nationality(chi-square=3.888~83.895,P=0.049~0.000).The prevalence of smoking and dinking in the minority male were higher than the female.Significant differences also can be seen in smoking,drinking and seeking health-related information among different education levels and ages(chi-square=10.65~92.79,P=0.014~0.000),and among different age(chi-square=11.00~72.48,P=0.012~0.000).Conclusion The status of health-related behaviors among minority residents was generally poor.It was urgent to reinforce education and health education to improve health-related behaviors in minority area.


As a result of realized study it is determined that grown red clover have reduced the concentration of Ntotal, and quite the contrary increased Ptotal .Due to growing of red clover during II years of use the concentrations of Ntotal reduced up to 3.8 mg .l-1, and Ptotal increased to 0.03 mg .l-1.According to the standards classified in Lithuania drainage waters are not clogged with phosphorus, though average annual concentrations of nitrogen exceed the ceiling in soils where spring wheat with undersow and sugar beet is growing.


Cystic fibrosis is a systemic hereditary disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which regulates the transport of electrolytes (mainly chloride) across the membranes of the epithelial cells that line excretory ducts of exocrine glands. Dysfunction of the CFTR protein reduces passage of chloride ions through cell membranes and disrupts the passage of sodium ions, bicarbonate ions, and water.The aim of the study was to analyze comprehensively functioning of chloride and alternative (sodium and calcium) channels in the epithelium of patients with cystic fibrosis in relation to the age using functional tests in vitro.Methods. We used data from medical histories of patients with cystic fibrosis and intestinal current measurements.Results. The function of the calcium channel decreased with age in people without cystic fibrosis and carriers of "severe" genotypes. The function of sodium, chloride, and calcium channels was lower in all age groups of patients with cystic fibrosis compared to controls (p < 0.05). When comparing groups of patients with "severe genotype" and "mild genotype", statistically significant differences were found in response to forskolin (p < 0.05). Patients with "mild" genotypes had a residual function of the CFTR channel which decreased with age.Conclusion. For the first time, the functioning of chloride and alternative channels in cystic fibrosis have been described in relation to the age and the genotype of patients.


Computer simulations have provided a powerful technique in understanding the fundamental physics and mechanics of adhesion. In this chapter, various simulation methods pertaining to adhesion technology are introduced, such as the molecular dynamics simulations, the quantum mechanics calculations, the molecular orbital method, the density functional theory and the molecular mechanics simulations. Besides, some combined methods such as the hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations, ab initio molecular dynamics and the density-functional based tight-binding method are reviewed. General features and routines of these methods as well as the basic theory are described. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are compared and discussed. Each method has the distinctive advantage and is suitable for specific condition. Some examples are proposed to give the direct perceive when investigating adhesion issues using various simulation methods. All these instances are expected to be helpful to readers when performing the corresponding simulations and analyzing of the results.


Classification of acoustic or seismic images is a highly challenging and computationally intensive and efficacy of any algorithm depends on the order of pre-processing and quality of images. Artificial intelligence techniques based on Machine Language and Neural Networks found to be very promising in various fields of engineering and science applications. Deep learning using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), a subset of AI reported to be promising and enhances the efficacy of classification. The present study deals with application of CNN to demonstrate its potential in classification of subbottom seismic/acoustic images associated even with a low contrast in their texture. The results are quite promising and CNN classifies over 75 % of images correctly even with limited data used in training of the network. The results can be improved with more number of images data sets in training.


Theory and Practice in Experimental Bacteriology by G G Meynell MD and Elinor Meynell MD DipBact 2nd ed pp xiv+ 347 illustrated 75s London: Cambridge University Press 1970 Bacteria and phages have considerable advantages for use as models in experimental biology. This book was written primarily for biologists turning to work with bacteria, to provide them with a guide to basic laboratory techniques, including some theory as well as working rules. Particular effort was made to bring out the rational basis of the subject rather than to give arbitrary lists of instructions. In this edition there are seven main chapters: bacterial growth; culture media; oxygen, carbon dioxide and anaerobiosis; sterilization; microscopy; quantitative (mathematical) aspects of experiments; genetic techniques. The last chapter is new, as are sections on photodynamic inactivation, fluorescence microscopy and autoradiography. The first edition in 1965 was warmly welcomed, and this edition should prove as popular, not only with those for whom it was written, but also with professional microbiologists.


A short video produced about the founding meeting of RICTA has been made available for viewing online. The new Canadian research network RICTA – Research on ICT with Aboriginal Communities – held its first meeting in Balmertown, Ontario, with videoconference links to 10 locations across the country.


Lake stratification produces sharp gradients in temperature and pelagic resources which have cascading effects on the traits of aquatic populations, including invasive species and their ecosystem impacts. We study the consequences of such common environmental gradients on the demography of quagga mussels, one of the world's most aggressive invasive species. Coupling a series of in situ experiments with a biophysical model of the pelagic community, we quantify mussel growth and recruitment in littoral vs. profundal benthic habitats of eastern Lake Erie. We found that both severe food depletion and cold temperatures in the hypolimnion during summer stratification cause mussels to grow twice as slowly and currently inhibit recruitment in profundal compared to littoral habitats. Together with the high biomass and large mean mussel size found in long‐term monitoring surveys in the profundal habitats, our results imply that mussels successfully colonizing profundal habitats have relatively long lifespans with low growth rates, and therefore lower productivity, compared to mussels in shallow areas. Consequently, the bulk of dreissenid biomass in Lake Erie and other Great Lakes found in the vast but resource‐poor profundal habitats may have very limited impacts on epilimnetic communities compared to mussels in littoral areas. By contrast, mussels in profundal habitats strongly reduce food availability to hypolimnetic communities throughout the year. Thus, our results explain how the ecosystem impacts of sessile freshwater invaders are likely to vary among habitats and lakes depending on the relative size of profundal populations and the extent of stratification.


A prescribed performance regulator for the generalized position of the robot arm endpoint in the task space is proposed. The control input which incorporates a transformed error guarantees a prescribed performance regarding the response of the endpoint generalized position error. The use of two different forms of this transformed error will be presented and compared. Mathematical proof of the controller's success in fulfilling the desired goals is given. A simulation of a three degrees of freedom robot is used to confirm the theoretical findings for both cases of the transformed error.


The invention relates to an anti-oxidation artificial joint prosthesis and a preparation method thereof. The joint prosthesis comprises metal acetabulum and a polyethylene lining, wherein the inner side of the metal acetabulum is provided with a porous structure; the polyethylene lining is embedded into the metal acetabulum; and a mixture of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene and an antioxidant constituting the polyethylene lining permeate into holes, so that the polyethylene lining and the metal acetabulum are combined tightly. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding the antioxidant and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene resin powder into an organic solvent, and drying to obtain mixture powder; putting the mixture powder into semispherical metal acetabulum, heating to turn the mixture powder into a melt, pressurizing with a pestle-shaped male die to make the mixture melt go deep into the holes on the metal acetabulum, cooling, pressurizing continually for 1-72 hours, cooling to the normal temperature, and demolding to obtain a prosthesis blank; and precisely cutting the prosthesis blank, grinding and polishing to obtain a finished product. The prosthesis prepared by using the method contains a powerful antioxidant, and has a high crosslinking degree; and the wear resistance of the prosthesis is enhanced.