The present invention relates to a daisy chain stitch sewing machine operation method and daisy chain stitch sewing machine comprising a sewing member including a needle (3) and arranged to pierce the sewing material is placed in the holder beneath the sewing material resting stage ( 11), the holder capable of moving along a path of movement, wherein the line (6) with a needle (3) is guided through the sewing material (2) rest on the sewing material resting stage, and on-line (6) coupled offline to (7). In order to further develop a daisy chain stitch sewing machine, so that the sewing material to form a clean image pattern on the underside of the sewing material, to reduce the amount of required off the assembly line, made in accordance with the present invention, the winding (7) as needed to a holding element (27) and held in the element holding member in the direction of movement thereof relative to the sewing material placement station and / or the moving speed of the motion according to the motion path of pivotal movement of the holder (11) , in particular along an arc-shaped movement path segment.


Phoebe lanceolata is an evergreen tree belonging to family Lauraceae and is reputed in Indian system of medicine. Plant material (stem bark) was collected from in and near Kartikswami temple dist. Chamoli, Uttaranchal. Extraction was done with EtOH and fractionate with EtOAc. Nordelporphine was isolated by column chromatography over silica gel (Merck 60-120 mesh) using


This paper investigates the requirements of digital signal processing hardware necessary to perform digital voltage mode control of multiple DC-DC converters and multiple phase converters with switching frequencies in the range of 1-10 MHz. Special attention is given to the required computational hardware, with an analysis of the performance of several processor architectures in implementing a typical digital power control algorithm. The architectures are compared in terms of the number of separate converters/phases they can control and also the converter switching frequencies that can be handled. A detailed description of a flexible dual multiplier-accumulator processor architecture is given and a comparison is made with an existing solution with respect to application in high switching frequency converters.


The technological and structural characteristics betwean grid packed tower,bubbling tower,spray tower and slurry jet tower of wet flue gas desulfurization are compared.Their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.


Low-power internet of things devices have the potential to transform multiple fields including healthcare, environmental monitoring, and digital agriculture. However, the operating life of these devices is severely constrained by their small batteries that require frequent recharging. Harvesting energy from ambient sources has emerged as an effective approach to prolong the lifetime of these devices. The harvested energy must be carefully managed to ensure that sufficient energy is available when ambient energy is scarce. Prediction of the energy available in the future can aid energy management algorithms in making better decisions about the allocation of the available energy. This paper proposes a novel hierarchical machine learning model that considers recent history and daily variations to make accurate predictions of future energy availability. We also propose using online learning to adapt the model to seasonal and spatial variations in the harvested energy. Using real-world solar energy data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory we show that the proposed approach has mean absolute errors of 1.5 J and 1.1 J in predictions under same and different locations, respectively. We also demonstrate that using the proposed approach in an energy management algorithm leads to 54% higher utility and 95% lower battery violations than the baseline.


Measurement of the concentration coefficient of viscosity of mixtures of small concentrations of organic vapour in permanent gases enables the molecular dimensions of organic molecules in the gas phase to be determined and measured with accuracy. The differences in size caused by chainbranching, substitutions, and other structural features are examined. The results are correlated with gas-chromatographically-determined partition coefficients of the vapours between a perfect gas phase and a solution phase in a non-polar solvent.


Objectives: This paper sets out to identify the key elements of Polish social structure that are critical to the manpower of the Polish Armed Forces. So far, there has been little discussion, in either the literature or ongoing public polemics, regarding the dependence of the Armed Forces on the shape of the social structure in the context of ensuring state security. Methods: This work is predominantly based on an analysis of available literature: scientific articles, legal acts and the results from the survey research conducted by specialist institutions, in particular, the Polish Central Statistical Office. Results: On the basis of the analysis, it appears that it is the current Polish social structure that constitutes the major problem in the context of the insufficient personnel numbers in the Polish Armed Forces. The current state of this structure is below the expectations and needs of the Polish Army, mainly due to the lack of young people with special technical education. The earnings in the private sector by far outweigh the remuneration levels offered in the military, which effectively deters young people from undertaking service for the benefit of state security. Conclusions: The research material presented in this work reflects on the current state and the aggravation of an important social problem – the deficiency of manpower in the Polish Armed Forces. It has been shown that apart from the financial background and the quantities of the personnel appointed to military service, it is its quality – in the aspect of special technical education – that is yet another crucial condition. * Corresponding author: Security and Defence Quarterly ISSN 2300-8741 eISSN 2544-994X 2019 Volume Number https://doi.org/10.35467/sdq/


In recent years, the commercialized low-cost rotor UAV equipped with small hyperspectral camera has become an emerging way to acquire hyperspectral remote sensing data due to its advantages of convenient data acquisition and low cost, and has been widely used in environmental monitoring, precision agriculture, ocean development and other fields. Due to its light weight, the flight process of the rotor UAV is vulnerable to the influence of air flow, which leads to the poor stability of the platform and resulting in the geometric distortion of the imaging. This situation is particularly prominent in the obvious air flow areas such as the lake and the sea, which restricts the application in related fields. In this paper, the geometric processing of UAV-borne hyperspectral measured data collected at a wharf in Qiandao Lake is studied. There are two major factors lead to geometric error. One is the longitude and latitude step error, the other is the frame frequency of the navigation data is lower than the image exposure frame frequency. In this situation, this paper proposes a step fitting method to perform geometric correction and error correction for the hyperspectral airstrip data. Compared with the traditional Kalman filtering method and the global linear fitting method, the proposed method can better correct the geometric distortion of hyperspectral image caused by the low-precision GPS/INS system, which provides a foundation for the subsequent quantitative application of lightweight UAV hyperspectral camera in various fields.


The present invention and at the same time by installing the drain hole on the windshield glass washing washer nozzle for the automobile, prevents the remaining washer fluid in the interior of the washer nozzle when not in use, the washer nozzle precipitate is generated inside the sikimeuroseo washer nozzle outlet that the winter washer nozzles freezing relates to a the washer nozzle provided with a drain to be prevented in advance, and forming the discharge port 20 and channel 30 on either side of the washer nozzle 10 integrally communicates with the internal a, W, and the discharge port 20 and to the channel 30, a valve 40 for opening and closing each alternately, the discharge port 20, while lowering the residual liquid into inside of the vertical of the washer nozzle 10 to the outside It is configured to discharge.


This paper briefly analyses the following papers: some aspects of the observation and recording of the visual impressions and aesthetic response of drivers to a changing road alignment (ten brummelaar=t and shackel=b); the highway, the landscape and you (simons=jp and miller=gd); the deflection angle, its derivatives and their relation to curvilinear road alignment (ten brummelaar=t); experience on the design of urban divided roads (underwood=rt).


Objectives Quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with computed tomography (SPECT/CT) is known to improve diagnostic performance. Although SPECT-alone systems are used widely, accurate quantitative SPECT using these systems is challenging. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of quantitative bone SPECT of the lumbar spine with the SPECT-alone system. Methods The cross-calibration factor (CCF) was measured using three kinds of phantoms and the optimal values were determined. The recovery coefficient with and without attenuation and scatter correction (ACSC) were compared. Bone SPECT/CT was performed on 93 consecutive patients with prostate cancer, and the standardized uptake values (SUVs) were compared using the respective CCFs. The first 60 patients were classified according to body weight, and the correlation coefficient between SUVs with and without ACSC were calculated; the slopes were defined as body weight-based coefficients (BWCs). In the remaining 33 patients, the SUV was adjusted according to BWC, and the accuracy of the adjustment was verified. Results The quantitative SPECT values obtained from the CCF using SIM2 bone phantom showed nearly accurate radioactivity concentrations, even without ACSC. The recovery coefficients with and without ACSC were similar. Unadjusted SUVs with and without ACSC were strongly correlated; however, SUVs without ACSC were significantly higher than those with ACSC (P < 0.0001). The mean difference between the SUVs with and without ACSC disappeared when the SUVs without ACSC were adjusted by BWC (P = 0.9814). Conclusions Our cross-calibration method for quantitative bone SPECT enables interpretation with a harmonized SUV even in SPECT-alone systems.


Autoimmune responses against specific antigens are primary determinants in thyroid autoimmunity. Other molecular mechanisms including cell apoptosis may play a role in determining the opposite phenotypic outcomes of AITD such as thyroid destruction in HT and thyroid hyperplasia in GD. T-helper lymphocytes produce cytokines that influence both immune and target cells at several levels. 100 consecutive patients with diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis were included in this study. Detailed clinical history and physical examination of the patients was done. Suspected patients were subjected to thyroid function test, FNAC, USG neck. The diagnosis was confirmed with serology. Age of the patients varied between 12yrs. The mean age of the patients in this study was 39 yrs. Of all the patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis, 6 patients were male and 94 patients were female. The maximum number of patients presented with lethargy, weakness and other non-specific features of hypothyroidism a significant cohort resented with menorrhagia as their chief complaint about 9% patients had goiter and 06 of them also had pressure symptoms.


ABSTRACT This article investigates the link between environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) ratings and financial performance in the Norwegian stock market. Using Norwegian stock data, we rank companies based on their sensitivity and exposure (beta) toward ESG factors from 2009 to 2018 using the Dow Jones Sustainability Nordic Index. The econometric framework applies a portfolio strategy, as well as a cross-sectional regression. The constructed ESG portfolios do not show any significant return difference based on a high-low strategy, which is robust for market sensitivity, investment style, and industry bias. Regarding the explanatory power and pricing of the ESG factor, we find no supporting evidence. Our results do not suggest any connection between ESG and stock returns in the Norwegian stock market. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


To evaluate the antianginal effect of trimetazidine when added to beta-blockers, 18 men with stable angina and positive treadmill stress test (TST), were studied. Following the first positive TST, all patients received monotherapy with beta-blockers for one week and underwent a second TST. Patients with positive TST received beta-blockers and placebo for one month and underwent a third TST. Those with positive tests received beta-blockers and trimetazidine and underwent a TST after one and three months


Objective To observe the clinical effect of Longdan Xiegan decoction and Bushen Huatan decoction in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome( PCOS). Methods 56 patients with PCOS in Dujiangyan City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine during 2009 to 2011 were randomly divided into control group and observation group with 28 cases in each group,treating with taie – 35 and Longdan Xiegan Decoction combined with Bushen Huatan decoction respectively. The menstruation,clinical symptoms,basal body temperature( BBT),blood biochemical indexes and pregnancies were compared between two groups. Results The irregular menstruation,acne and BBT were significantly improved after treatment,the improvement of BBT in observation group was superior to control group( P 0. 05). The serum luteinizing hormone( LH),LH /follicle- stimulating hormone( FSH),free testosterone( FT) and androstenedione( A2) were significantly reduced in the both groups,PRL in observation group after treatment were significantly lower than that before treatment and control group( P 0. 05),no statistically differences were found in LH,FSH,LH /FSH,FT and A after treatment between two groups( P 0. 05).Conclusion PCOS and the hyperandrogenemia could be effectively treated by Longdan Xiegan decoction and Bushen Huatan decoction.


A bottom moored and tethered directional frequency analysis and ranging (DIFAR) sensor system deployable in a wide range of water depths. The system includes a mooring platform for anchoring the system to the bottom surface of a body of water. A buoyant chamber containing a DIFAR sensor is tethered to the mooring platform at a pre-determined depth in the body of water. The DIFAR sensor includes two pairs of orthogonally oriented hydrophones and a compass for providing a directional magnetic reference signal. The tethered buoyant chamber is securely positioned such that hydrophones residing within the buoyant chamber are oriented in a plane substantially co-planer to the top surface of the body of water. By determining the angle between the directional magnetic reference signal and the hydrophones, the sensor system is able to compute heading information for a detected object. A transmitter is coupled to the DIFAR sensor for transmitting heading information detected by the DIFAR sensor to a receiver. The transmission can occur over a signal cable to a shore based receiver, or via a wireless radio frequency (RF) transmission.


In this paper we introduce a method for the display of isosurfaces extracted from unstructured tetrahedral grids. Our algorithm completely runs on the graphics hardware. The tetrahedra are streamed into a vertex program, which extracts the surface for the given isovalue and immediately renders it. The triangles are not stored explicitly but are computed during rendering time, so the user can modify the isovalue with immediate feedback. If the tetrahedra entirely t into video memory, we achieve a throughput of more than nine million tetrahedra per second. Our performance can be further improved by using a hybrid method which pre-selects tetrahedra containing the isovalue. We compare our approach with a pure CPU based implementation which achieves about half the performance of our hardware accelerated method.


We experimentally demonstrate mode-division multiplexing (MDM) passive optical network (PON) based on three-dimensional (3-D) carrier-less amplitude/phase modulation (CAP) architecture, using two orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for six users in the downstream transmission.


The Segre River is one of the major streams in the southern Pyrenees that drains the elevated chain toward the Ebro basin foreland. Focusing on climatic, tectonic and structural controls, we aim to determine their relative importance for the Pliocene– Quaternary fluvial landscape evolution in the southern Pyrenees foreland. Along its course, the Segre River has a flight of fluvial cut-and-fill and strath terraces preserved that have been mapped based on DEM's and geomorphological fieldwork. This paper presents the first results of our study and reports on the Segre terrace staircase, which is characterized by seven major Quaternary terrace levels with elevations up to more than 110 m above the modern stream profile. In the upper and middle reaches, the (semi)parallel terraces of the Segre River feature anomalously thick gravel bodies and deformations of terraces caused by faulting, folding and local subsidence. In the foreland, the longitudinal terrace correlations disclose slightly increased vertical terrace spacing, which could originate from (i) delayed flexural isostatic uplift related to widespread foreland erosion after the endo-exorheic transition, or (ii) enhanced fluvial erosion after the Mid-Pleistocene climate transition in combination with base level lowering at the Ebro basin outlet in the Catalan coastal ranges. Since the basin opening (presumably late Miocene), the Catalan coastal ranges were progressively cut down and the exorheic drainage system gradually adjusted to Mediterranean sea-level. Both, the Segre terrace profiles and the morphology of the Ebro breach in the Catalan coastal ranges indicate a base level position of about 200 m asl for the onset of (Pleistocene) terrace staircase formation, implicating that the Catalan coastal ranges might have functioned as a local base level upstream of the sea outlet, potentially until the Middle– Late Pleistocene. This chapter is based on: Stange, K.M., van Balen, R.T., Vandenberghe, J., Pena, J.L., Sancho, C., 2013 (a). External controls on Quaternary fluvial incision and terrace formation at the Segre River, southern Pyrenees. Tectonophysics 602, 316–331.


In order to improve the morphology of primary dendritic austenitic in high Cr cast iron the semisolid high Cr cast iron ingots with fine and round austenite were prepared by cooling the metal stream through an inclined cooling channel. Under fixed inclination angle and cooling length of the cooling channel three groups of solidified structures were obtained by changing pouring temperature. The shape factors and equivalent diameters of primary austenitic were quantitatively analyzed using a Leica image analyzer. The result indicated that the morphology of primary austenitic is improved significantly by the cooling method; semisolid structure is affected greatly by changing pouring temperature.


Consider an application with a single individual assessed on an attribute on a longitudinal series of measurement (testing) sessions: measurement 1, measurement 2, and so forth, ending at measurement N. Each measurement records the value of an attribute: the value recorded at the initial measurement is denoted as A1, the value recorded at the ith measurement is denoted as Ai, and the value of the attribute recorded at the final measurement is denoted as AN. Examples of such ordered series include the monthly closing price of a corporate stock, a dieter's weight each Friday morning upon waking, or real-time heart rate of an ICU patient recorded minute-by-minute. The present study examined a single-case series for a patient with fibromyalgia, consisting of 297 sequential daily ratings of nine symptoms commonly associated with the disease. Symptoms were compared statistically by UniODA to identify their dominance hierarchy (most to least severe) for this patient. Analysis of raw data suggested that fatigue was the dominant symptom, but analysis of ipsatively standardized data indicated that finding was paradoxically confounded: the primary symptom, in fact, was stiffness. Of 36 comparisons of symptom pairs performed using raw data, 28 (78%) were found to be confounded, ten of which (28%) identified the opposite effect (what raw data analysis suggested occurred was, in fact, the opposite of what occurred). These findings reveal a crucial difference between the meaning of the numbers and labels constituting the response scale as perceived and interpreted by the investigator, and the meaning of the numbers and labels as perceived and applied by the individual to quantify internal cognitive and emotional experiences. The latter issue is the purpose of the scale (if subject perception and response scale did not interact, then valid measurements would be impossible to obtain) and motivation underlying the research. Present findings show raw score analysis addresses the investigator's perspective, and ipsative z-score analysis addresses the patient's.


The recent success of numerous genomic sequencing efforts have created a great demand for systems to organize, represent and interpret the huge amount of data available. The Bioverse is a database designed to provide a framework for exploring the relationships among the molecular and genomic, proteomic, systems, and organismal worlds. We implemented the Bioverse in the open-source scripting language Python [1] using an object-oriented programming model. The result is a highly flexible framework for the processing and representation of bioinformatics information. We have implemented parallel processing and data schemes for this framework so that the work and data storage can be distributed over our 200+ CPU LINUX cluster. The objects we have created in this framework are reusable, easily extensible and can be configured using control files with a simple syntax. To date, we have applied our framework to 11 genomes including the Oryza sativa (rice) [2] and Homo sapiens [3] genomes. The current version of the Bioverse (1.0) contains an unsurpassed level of annotation information for over 150,000 unique sequences, including secondary structure predictions, family and domain classifications, homology and protein-protein interaction predictions. A large number of unannotated sequences from the rice genome were assigned annotations by the Bioverse. And on the whole genome scale, networks based on protein-protein interactions and evolutionary relationships have been derived. The webserver represents the user-interface to the database and is available at http://bioverse.compbio.washington.edu.


Photocatalytic alcohol dehydrogenation is of great interest to produce green and sustainable H2. Our aim is to identify which parameters play a key role in the photocatalytic mechanism.
To do so, we supported four transition metal sulfides (HgS, MoSx, NiS2 and RuS2) on commercial anatase (MSx/TiO2) through a method previously reported. [1]
Photocatalytic tests were performed with the MSx/TiO2 in a mix of isopropanol and water (50%vol). The semi-batch reactor was illuminated either with a 370 nm LED or with a 300W Xe lamp equipped with filters. Photon Yield (PY) is calculated as the ratio between the rate of H2 production and the incident flux of photons between 290 and 390 nm. Values are reported on Figure 1. Each of the MSx/TiO2 is active for the conversion of isopropanol in H2 and more active than bare TiO2.
Water circulation regulates the temperature of the photoreactor. The PY was therefore measured at various temperature. All the MSx/TiO2 followed an Arrhenius law at least between 5°C and 45°C. Two additional parameters are extracted: a pre-exponential factor (Aapp) and an apparent activation energy (Ea,app).
To measured PY at four temperatures, the test lasts at least 20 hours. We confirmed, partly through XPS, that after photocatalytic tests MSx phases were kept.
Additionally, we measured the PY at different wavelength, the so-called action spectrum. It evidence that photons only absorbed by the MSx do not participate significantly to the H2 production. As the TiO2, the mass of photocatalyst and the reactor geometry are unchanged, we assumed that the amount of photons absorbed is also unchanged. Variation of PY observed on Figure 1 must be due to intrinsic properties of the MSx.
Indeed, the lowest Ea,app were obtained for MoSx and RuS2 (Ea,app = 19 kJ/mol). We made a screening of the bulk sulfides for the electrocatalytic H2 production and a screening of the supported sulfides for thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Such model reaction shows the ability of a sulfide to catalyze H-H recombination. It showed that MoSx and RuS2 are the two best electrocatalysts with similar activity. On the contrary, the rate of HDS for the MoSx is six times higher than for the RuS2 whereas Ea,app are equal. As a result, the reduction of proton in hydrogen radical is the rate-determining step and recombination of two hydrogen radicals in H2 is faster. Note also that depending on the MSx the driving force of the PY is either the Aapp or Ea,app (See Figure 1). It will be discussed regarding the intrinsic properties of the MSx/TiO2.
The slow kinetic for proton reduction is either due to a limited amount of electrons available (electronic structure is the key parameter) or due to low electrocatalytic activity (electrochemical behavior is the key parameter). Those results agree with a microkinetic model established for the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of isopropanol. To distinguish which parameter is the key one, we determined the electronic structure of the MSx/TiO2 with a methodology reported in Maheu et al. [2] UPS evidences that the contribution of the MSx in the valence band states is crucial.


The purpose of this report is to review greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change mi􀆟ga􀆟on data and models. Building an evidence base to monitor and assess the impacts of ini􀆟a􀆟ves is explicitly men􀆟oned in Aotearoa New Zealand's First Emissions Reduc􀆟on Plan (05/2022). Economic-Environmental modelling plays an important role in decision making to achieve emission reduc􀆟on targets. Data is hosted by a range of organisa􀆟ons and collected using different frameworks and methodologies. There is less awareness of data available through Stats NZ which may have led to it being underused. Main collated data sources are the GHG emissions account and the GHG emissions inventory. Sector specific data are available through relevant agencies. A detailed stock-take of New Zealand's modelling capacity iden􀆟fied 84 climate change or climate change mi􀆟ga􀆟on models: 13 mul􀆟-sector models, 23 land use and agricultural models, 25 energy models, and 23 transport models. The stock-take iden􀆟fied at least one model for each sector of the ERP, except for Building and Construc􀆟on. Modelling capacity varies between sectors with those that are more developed, demonstra􀆟ng greater interdependency between models. Almost all modelling takes a produc􀆟on-based approach. Capacity for a consump􀆟on-based approach was much more limited. Two examples of formal collabora􀆟on are iden􀆟fied through the review. No formal interna􀆟onal collabora􀆟on (outside of interna􀆟onal repor􀆟ng requirements) was iden􀆟fied. A preference was expressed for modelling in-house to facilitate alignment with policy development. However, this may have contributed to lack of collabora􀆟on on progress towards common targets. Connec􀆟ons with groups outside of government are also limited.


A tenancy agreement is normally created between a landlord and a tenant. It can be oral or in writing. When the parties agree with the terms and conditions in a tenancy agreement, they have to enforce their promises. Problems would arise if a tenant is a student and they are not ready to carry the commitment as a tenant. Other than that, as a 'pampered' child and a first timer dealing with a contract, they would just sign the tenancy agreement without reading the terms and conditions. Perhaps they ignored contractual obligations because they are unaware of and reluctant to understand the implications of dealing with a contract. This usually occurs when the students need off-campus accommodations during their studies. The scenario gets worse if there is a limited number of off-campus accommodations and students immediately agree to pay the deposit and sign the tenancy agreement. Some of them simply agree without first inspecting the accommodation. The question thus arises whether a student (tenant) is ready for the contractual obligations and understands the consequences of breach of contract. The objectives of this paper are to explain the contractual obligations of a landlord and a tenant; to discuss the elements of a valid contract in Malaysia, and to provide non-law students with an understanding of enforcing promises in a tenancy agreement, especially after two years of studying at home due to the Covid-19 outbreak. This study believes that it is a perfect time to enlighten and educate the target audience about the agreement, contract, and implications, particularly for first-time students experiencing staying in off-campus accommodation. Therefore, it is hoped this article provides valuable knowledge, particularly to landlords and tenants, as one of the educator's responsibilities is to share knowledge with others around them.


The concept of "Internet +" constitutes new opportunities and challenges for traditional energy-saving services industry in the new situations, which not only brings new thinking on the integration of Internet thinking with energy-saving services industry, but also brings the transition to the traditional energy-saving services mode. And it is particularly important for Chinese power grid energy-saving service enterprises to make good use of "Internet +" and realize the transformation of energy-saving service mode. This paper has developed a systematic and scientific development strategy of "Internet + energy-saving service mode", and analyzed the transition direction of energy-saving services mode of the power grid enterprises and put forward concrete operating path and suggestions from the perspective of promoting the innovation-driven energy-saving services, process reengineering of the energy-saving service business, cross-border integration of energy-saving service industry, the reconstruction of the relationship among the parties involved in energy-saving service, and the ecological opening of the energy-saving services market.


A method of long-period comets deviation from the trajectory with Earth collision is described in the paper. It is based on the use of small asteroids targeted to a comet on a trajectory with high probability of Earth impact. It is assumed that the time for completing the required operations is strongly limited. With future systems like LSST, we are likely to find threatening long-period comets with only about two years before impact. To meet this demand we propose building a "shield" from small asteroids (or builders taken from the surface of near Earth asteroids). These asteroids are selected from ones which are possible to transfer, by gravity assist maneuvers near Earth, into orbits resonant with the Earth. The most convenient but not mandatory resonance may be chosen as 1:1. The paper includes a description of the shield construction. The main constituents of appropriate operations are transfer of the spacecraft to the chosen asteroid, landing on its surface, capture of an acceptable boulder, take off from the surface of asteroid with boulder and fulfilling near Earth gravity assist maneuver. The concept is very similar to NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission which, although it was cancelled, produced good studies showing the feasibility of the project. But rather than transferring the asteroid boulder to a lunar orbit, it instead would be targeted on a hyperbolic trajectory to a B-plane point to put it into a heliocentric orbit resonant with Earth. These operations are repeated for several asteroids so we receive around the Earth's orbit, a family of sky stones (with sizes of about 5-7 meters) equipped by the control systems and rocket engines with possibilities to target them into approaching hazardous sky objects, such as long period comets or asteroids. The required flexibility is achieved by possessing a fleet of small asteroids in vicinity of the Earth's orbit having the necessary equipment to target them into dangerous celestial objects. It will be shown in the paper that it is feasible with the use of contemporary technology, including the use of a formation flying navigation method, to reach the required accuracy of dangerous object interception. **************************************


This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of company's size, business risk, asset growth, and profitability on capital structure in manufacturing companies listed on the stock exchange of Indonesia year 2014- 2016, either partially or simultaneously. In addition, this study also reviewed variables used due to differences in previous research results. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of financial statements obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory 2014-2016 period. The sampling technique used cluster proportional random sampling or group sample. This method is used because listed manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange are heterogeneous, sampling to represent each element listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange based on business type, so that 25 companies in this research are obtained. Variable in this research there are two that is; Independent variables include firm size, business risk, asset growth, and profitability. As for the dependent variable is the capital structure in the manufacturing company. This research is analyzed by using multiple regressions. Based on the results of the study showed that during the study period partially firm size (SIZE) have a positive and significant effect and profitability (NPM) has a negative and significant effect. While business risks (DOL) and asset growth (GROW) have no effect on capital structure. The magnitude of this effect is 0.096 or 9.7%. While the rest of 90.4% influenced by other factors outside the study or outside the regression equation.


Abstract Background and Purpose: The objective of this review is to identify the most consistent predictors of driving ability post stroke. Method: A computerized search of numerous databases from 1966 forward was completed. Measured outcomes included voluntary driving cessation or results of on-road driving evaluation. Studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: 17 eligible studies were identified. The most useful screening tests were tests assessing cognitive abilities. These included the Trail Making A and B tests, the Rey–Osterreith Complex Figure Design, and the Useful Field of View Test. Conclusion: Cognitive tests that assess multiple cognitive domains relevant to driving appear to have the best reproducibility in predicting fitness to drive in stroke patients.


Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐E is a non‐classical HLA class I molecule that plays a role in both the innate and the adaptive immune response through interaction with receptors on natural killer‐ and T‐cells. The HLA‐E gene is characterized by limited polymorphism compared with the classical HLA loci on chromosome 6. At the start of this study, only 13 variable sites had been identified (IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database v3.18.0). While most previous studies focused on polymorphism in exons 2 and 3 or specific gene regions, polymorphism in the other exons and introns could influence protein expression and function as well. Studies that investigate extended HLA‐E polymorphism are therefore needed to better understand the functional relevance of HLA‐E in health and disease.


A striking aspect of the behaviour of interest rates in the most recent past has been the large increases in long rates across a number of countries following the monetary tightening by the US Federal Reserve in early 1994. For central banks, the question is how to interpret these movements in long rates. Two potential explanations immediately suggest themselves. The first is that the increases in long rates were caused by upward revisions in market participants' expectations of price inflation. The other potential explanation is that the global upturn in long rates was instead primarily caused by changes in term premia that were positively correlated across markets. Clearly, these explanations of the recent global increase in long-term interest rates have different policy implications.


E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com November 22, 2012, Accepted January 9, 2013Herein is reported a simple and efficient synthesis of isoflavones starting from various substituted phenacylbromides and salicylaldehydes in presence of NHC. The mechanism involved domino catalysis type approachwith consumption and regeneration of catalyst in two catalytic cycles. This method proved to be very lucrativeand gives very good yield. The method described here represents an environmentally benign alternative toclassical approach.Key Words : Umpolung, Heterocycles, Thiamine ( N-Heterocyclic carbene), Domino catalysis, Natural Prod-uctsIntroductionOne of the major issues of modern chemistry is thedevelopment of efficient methodologies for the synthesis ofbioactive compounds including natural products and theiranalogues.


Preliminary investigations of the microstructure/mechanical properties relationship in a mollusk shell—the large conch, Strombus gigas—are reported. Strombus gigas has the well-ordered "crossed lamellar" microstructure and, in four-point bending, is remarkably tough in certain orientations, permitting noncatastrophic ("graceful") failure. Fractography indicates that several toughening mechanisms are acting in concert, including crack bridging, microcracking, fiber pullout, and microstructurally induced crack arrest branching. Microindentation studies show that this material is very resistant to cracking; the damage zones around the indents strongly reflect the lamellar character of the microstructure.


Background: The clinical success of total knee arthroplasty is positively correlated with good component orientation. Controversy remains as to what is the best tibial alignment technique, this study compares the intramedullary versus the extramedullary surgical alignment guidance methods. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was done on 100 patients during the time period 2007 to 2010. The knee replacements were performed by the same surgeon, 49 procedures were performed via the intramedullary technique and 51 procedures were via the extramedullary technique. The tibiofemoral angle was measured pre-operatively as well as post operatively, the tibial alignment angle was measured post operatively also, the results were then statistically analysed. Results and Conclusion: There was no significant difference between both groups regarding the tibial alignment angles. Both techniques proved accurate in producing an acceptable post operative tibial component alignment angle. We advocate the surgeon may use his/her discretion when deciding upon the method of tibial alignment.


Vasculitis of small blood vessels of the skin, i.e. arterioles, capillaries and venules, is found in cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis (CLA) as well as in systemic vasculitides. CLA is restricted to the skin, whereas ANCA-associatedand several immune complex-mediated systemic vasculitides are characterized by an involvement of – predominantly – small vessels affecting various organs including the skin. Primary systemic vasculitides, where no underlying disease or agent is known, are to be distinguished from secondary vasculitides, i.e. secondary to other diseases of either autoimmune or other origin. ANCA-associated and immune complex-mediated vasculitides are the major immunopathogenetic categories which involve small vessels (Table. 1) (for review: Gross 2003).


The social housing system is analysed as an element of the evolving welfare state, housing system, and urban space, focusing on a 1965-1995 prime period in Canada, Ontario and Toronto. The theoretical concerns pertain to welfare state evolution and impacts. These include: in policy change, the relation between institutional continuity, structural factors, and political forces; in the housing system, decommodification in a liberal-welfare regime in shifting eras; and in urban space, the structuring of social mix by socio-tenure segregation. The policy history, using archival sources, interviews, and reinterpreted secondary literature, is the first detailed overview all turning points including the critical junctures of the mid-1960s and mid-1990s. Its structured narrative analyses the reshaping of policy by the political-economic context, housing market and urban development factors, ideas, and specific events. The housing system analysis reviews impacts in production, housing mix, rents paid, mobility (choice), and the value of rent-gearedto-income (RGI) assistance as a social transfer. The spatial analysis uses administrative and census data to analyse, for Greater Toronto 1971-1996, the evolving locations of low-income RGI tenants vis-à-vis low-income market renters and all households. The close relation of social housing policy change to critical junctures in welfare state evolution is confirmed, but also the


In the underwater communications, the acoustic channel is in poor communication conditions, such as long propagation delay, narrow bandwidth, and high bit-error rate. For these bad acoustic channels, we propose an efficient automatic repeat request (ARQ) for multi-hop underwater network by using the concepts of concurrent bi-directional transmission, multiple sub-packets, and overhearing data packet instead of the acknowledgement signal. Our results show that the proposed ARQ significantly reduces the transmission latency especially in high BER compared with the existing Stop and Wait ARQ.


Ecofriendly chitosan/Al-MCM-48 (CH/Al-MCM) was synthesized from natural microcline and assessed as a potential adsorbent of As (V) ions with enhanced capacity. The As (V) adsorption properties of CH/Al-MCM were assessed in comparison with Al-MCM-41 as a single phase. The studied CH/Al-MCM exhibits 178.6 mg/g as As (V) adsorption capacity which is higher than Al-MCM-41 (124 mg/g). The adsorption properties were illustrated based on the pseudo-first-order kinetic, Langmuir isotherm, and monolayer model with one energy site. Based on the recognized steric parameters, CH/Al-MCM displays significant enhancement in the active sites density (Nm = 88.8 mg/g (20°C)) as compared to Al-MCM (Nm = 61.5 mg/g). This signifies the role of the chitosan integration process in enhancing the adsorption capacity by increasing the availability of the present active sites. The number of adsorbed arsenic ions (2.01 to 2.66) suggests the uptake of 2 or 3 ions per free site by a multi-ionic and physical mechanism considering the adsorption energy (−16.3 to −16.9 kJ/mol). The thermodynamic functions of entropy, internal energy, and free enthalpy reflect the spontaneous and exothermic properties of the studied As (V) adsorption system by CH/Al-MCM. Moreover, the composite displays significant As (V) adsorption capacity in the existence of other dissolved ions.


BECOMES THE ELEMENTAL SULFUR IN SULFUR BY BIOCONVERSION incubating the presence of a reducing sugar with a microorganism USED IN FOOD, PARTICULARLY baker's yeast. TO PREPARE a flavoring agent TYPE CHEESE TOAST, heat treated THE MIDDLE OF REACTION incubation. Can be used advantageously the reaction medium containing the agent flavoring or its reactive precursor thereof as a raw material for preparing FLAVORS OF PROCEDURE TYPE MEAT, MIXED WITH OTHER MATERIALS RICH IN PRECURSORS AND / OR FLAVOR REFIORZANTES.


logical problem at hand are valuable. Perhaps even more useful, however, is the clear-cut way Kuznar describes how the project originated, the changes that occurred as it was carried out, and his application of the results. To my mind these features are extremely valuable in their own right by clarifying for a student how archaeologists think about and arrive at interpretations. Too often the dimensions of interpretation are lost and only the end result remains. I would recommend both of these studies as supplementary readings in upper-level courses, areal or topical, but not in introductory courses.


last few weeks he had been seeing rainbows. He was found to have enlarged corneae and moderate myopia-wearing about -8 D. sph. lenses. Vision in the right eve was reduced to hand mavements, and in the left with glasses to 5/60; yet thQ patient was still cycling to work as a labourer. The tension in each eye was raised to 50 mm.Hg (Schibtz), but the corneae were clear, there being only one or two ruptures of Descemet's membrane in each eye. The discs were grossly cupped and pale and the visual field in the right *eye was impossible to chart because of loss of fixation, that in the left eye being reduced to within 5° of fixation with a 10 mm. object at 330 mm.


Needle insertion is a common medical task. Certain procedures such as brachytherapy, biopsies or punctures of peri-cardial effusions require the insertion of comparably thick needles (O 1 mm) into human tissue. A large risk of addi-tional tissue damaging exists because of the needle size. Additionally, the needle compresses and displaces tissue adja-cent to the cutting site, which hinders the comparison with pre-operative imaging and, therefore, exact needle place-ment.
Approaches such as haptic feedback in training scenarios or as an assistive mean during an intervention are investigat-ed in order to minimize tissue damage and unwanted puncture of valuable structures. Integration of additional sensors (such as optical coherence tomography equipment integrated in the needle tip) is researched to improve position accu-racy. A pre-requirement for these techniques are accurate force measurements of the interaction forces at the needle tip.
In this work we present a force sensor that can be integrated in a needle tip with a diameter of 1.2 mm and a minimum length of 7 mm. It is manufactured by the conjunction of two half-shells, which are equipped with a specially designed semi-conductor strain gauge (gain factor k ≈ 40). The application of the strain gauges to the unconnected half-shells is alleviated because of the good accessibility of the planar application surface. The strain gauge compromises a full-bridge-circuit in an area of 0.5 × 0.5 mm² and thus an decreased sensitivity to temperature influences. Electrical con-nection is made by a flexible PCB that is connected to the strain gauge before mechanical bonding with cyanacrylate adhesive. The PCB is integrated in the needle for connection to DAQ equipment. The force sensor has a nominal range of 10 N and exhibits a sensitivity of 3.2 mV/V/N, thus, lowering the requirements on the sensor electronics. Torque measurement is possible by usage of a different strain gauge design.


In this thesis the notion of time as distension of the present or, 'thick present', as explored in the works of Augustine and Paul Ricoeur is used to challenge the idea of a journey through a building as linear experience. Additionally, the idea of the thick present is studied in the attempt to position architectural spaces within the layered temporal fabric of the city. It is through narrative and, especially film, that the concept of the thick time is investigated. This thesis focuses on Russian film director, Andrei Tarkovky's idea of the inner time and uses this interpretation of the thick present to construct architectural environments. Furthermore, Tarkovsky's use of dream landscapes and its philosophical context explored by Florensky is adapted to contrast and connect two temporal realmsthe divine and the earthly. This necessity comes from the site position and its direct connection to the Church of Christ the Savior. In addition, by revealing temporal qualities of different programmatic elements it is possible to construct spatial rhythms of the architectural spaces. It is by juxtaposing different materials and structures that these rhythms are manifested in the architectural


The paper presents a methodology for the evaluation of the complexity and computational cost of different block ciphers, in order to be independent from the actual platforms they are implemented on. An analysis of three block ciphers se- lected by NESSIE (New European Schemes for Signatures, Integrity and Encryp- tion) in 2003 - Rijndael, Camellia and Shacal-2 - is then provided using such methodology. First, the structure of all ciphers is described, so as to emphasize the different kinds of transformations required. Then, the schemes are compared in terms of basic operations (AND, OR, shifts) for each step, in such a way to evaluate their complexity and to provide effective guidelines regarding their imple- mentation.


The spread of invasive species is a global problem of major ecological and economic concern. Landscape level assessment of invasive spread is critical, but remote sensing (RS) analyses are often complicated by the spectral similarity of species and the need to balance spatial resolution with data storage and analysis complexity. One example is the ridge and slough landscape (RSL) of the Florida Everglades, where inflowing nutrients have facilitated large‐scale cattail invasions. Hand delineation of aerial imagery has been successful in mapping cattail spread, but this technique requires considerable time and effort. Computerized classification of medium‐resolution imagery would increase the ability of scientists to provide up‐to‐date data for water management decisions. Advances in RS technologies have created opportunities that were not previously available in landscapes such as the RSL—to automatically classify sawgrass and cattail communities with medium‐resolution satellite imagery using knowledge of the invasion ecology of cattail and landscape context. We developed a computer‐classification technique that provided measure of cattail expansion that matched ground‐truthed data and show an increase in cattail area (similar to previous estimates), but a reduction in the rate of expansion over time. Although this technique can miss small patches of plants that might indicated new invasions, its rapid mapping can improve tracking of invasion fronts in the Everglades and other landscapes.


Background Diarrhea remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. Probiotics have been shown to be beneficial for decreasing the frequency and duration of diarrhea. However, the reported effects on reducing the duration of diarrhea have been varied. Objective To compare the effectiveness of live and heat􀁂killed probiotics in 6􀁂60 month􀁂old children with acute diarrhea for decreasing duration and frequency of diarrhea and improving weight gain. Methods We conducted a randomized, single􀁂blind, controlled trial in children aged 6􀁂60 months with acute diarrhea. Children were randomized into two groups, receiving either live or heat􀁂 killed probiotics. All children received standard treatment for diarrhea and probiotics as adjuvant treatment. The primary outcomes were duration and frequency of diarrhea, as well as weight gain. T􀁂test was used for data analysis. Results There were 165 children with acute diarrhea enrolled in this study. They were divided into 2 groups, with 83 children receiving live probiotics and 82 children receiving heat􀁂killed probiotics. There were no significant differences in diarrheal duration in the two groups. The mean durations of diarrhea in the live and heat􀁂killed probiotic groups were 3.64 (SD 0.85) days and 3.74 (SD 0.73) days (P>0.05), respectively. Mean diarrheal frequencies were also not significantly different, with 3.25 (SD 1.44) times per day in the live probiotic group and 3.26 (SD 1.20) times per day in the heat􀁂killed probiotic group (P>0.05). In addition, mean weight gain was not significantly different, 'With 241.57 (SD 75.84) g in the live prohiotic group and 221.95 (SD 85.38) g in the heat-killed prohiotic group (P>0.05). Conclusion There were no significant differences between live and heat􀁂killed probiotics for reducing duration and frequency of diarrhea, as well as in weight gain in children aged 6􀁂60 months 'With acute diarrhea. [paediatr lndones. 2012;52:249-54].


• We review the evidence on the impact of public R&D spending. We first look at the evidence from micro-analysis of the impact of public intervention on private R&D and innovation, with a focus on the latest results from crosscountry micro-research performed within SIMPATIC (www.simpatic.eu). To analyse the impact of public R&D on growth, we need to complement the micro-results on private R&D investment effects with a macro-perspective. To this end, we look at how public R&D performs in affecting GDP growth and jobs in applied macro-models most commonly used in EU policy analysis. We focus particularly on the NEMESIS model in development within the SIMPATIC project. We conclude with some policy recommendations from the reviewed micro and macro SIMPATIC evidence for designing public R&D projects and programmes.


Operando microbeam Raman spectroscopy is used to map the changes in hard carbon during sodiation and desodiation in unprecedented detail, elucidating several important and unresolved aspects of the...


Our study took place in the region of the Copahue Volcano in the Andes Mountain range, 1900 m above sea level. Fifty-five patients who came to the Copahue Thermal Basin Complex (Neuquén, Argentina) for treatment of psoriasis vulgaris were clinically evaluated for participation in this study. Thermal products--waters, mud, and/or algae--were the only therapeutic agents used, except for bland emollients for xerosis. Treatment for brief periods (10 +/- 3 days) resulted in notable improvement.


The authors engage appropriate macrosociological theorization and employ quantitative comparative methods to assess the extent to which various forms of environmental degradation in less-developed countries are tied to inward foreign direct investment in the primary and secondary sectors. Analyzed outcomes include carbon dioxide emissions, industrial organic water pollution, and deforestation. Such forms of environmental harms are known to partially shape migration processes as well as other social dynamics. Results of longitudinal analyses indicate that all three forms of environmental degradation are positively associated with sector-level inward foreign direct investment, which provides broad support for the engaged theoretical orientation.


Traditionally the variable-air volume (VAV) system is used for demand-based ventilation. With VAV the air flow rates are controlled based on actual demand but at the same time the static pressure of the system has to be adjusted to a relatively high and constant value. The modern approach utilizes the model-based method, which offers a comprehensive system and controllability of the airflow distribution within ductworks. The intelligence of the model-based system is achieved by a computer model of the air flow dynamics within the entire ductwork. The system can therefore balance the air flow throughout the building whilst maintaining the duct pressure at an optimum low level, thus minimizing the fan power requirement and reducing the noise emission. During operating conditions, it is possible to maintain the pressure at as a low level as possible. This means energy saving in electricity consumption. Based on simulation, the electric energy consumption of the fans can be reduced by 25 – 55 % compared to the typical VAV system.


Quantum efficiency is a critical piece of information of a quantum emitter and regulates the emitter ' s fluorescence decay dynamics in an optical environment through the Purcell effect. Here, we present a simple way to experimentally probe fluorescence quantum efficiency of single dibenzoterrylene molecules embedded in a thin anthracene microcrystal obtained through a co-sublimation process. In particular, we correlate the fluorescence lifetime change of single dibenzoterrylene molecules with the variation of the matrix thickness due to natural sublimation. With the identification of the molecule emission dipole orientation, we could deduce the near-unity intrinsic quantum efficiency of dibenzoterrylene molecules in the anthracene matrix.


a spiculated margin 3 . Presence of cavitation is a frequent finding in primary squamous cell carcinoma of lung 4 .


Cirrhosis and acute liver failure related to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading indication for liver transplantation in China.Until recently, HBV has been considered a relative contraindication to liver transplantation, due to high rates of recurrence associated with progressive liver disease. Combination therapy with hepatitis B immune globulin and a nucleoside analogue are being used posttransplantation. In addition, there is interest in the use of therapeutic vaccination posttransplantation.Strategies for managing HBV in the setting of liver transplantation and detail data regarding patient outcomes are discussed in this article.


With the rapid development of computer technology, the demand for real-time information is becoming higher, many real-time web applications such as online booking system, stock trading system, instant messaging system, are supposed to send the constant changes of the server to the client in real time. On the basis of in-depth study of WebSocket protocol in HTML5 standard, this paper proposes a new real-time web application solution based on Node.js and WebSocket, aiming to significantly enhancing real-time performance, and more efficiently using the processing power of the server. Finally, the new solution is applied in the game You draw, I guess to theoretically and practically study the viability of the solution and the advantages compared to traditional solutions.


Recently, I was fortunate enough to be invited to the 21st Conference on Priorities in Perinatal Care in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Delegates were midwives, obstetricians and paediatricians from all regions of South Africa and included clinicians, researchers and educators. The size of the meeting was limited to 150 to encourage close networking among delegates. The conference aim was to identify and solve problems that are priorities in perinatal care in Southern Africa. The conclusions reached will be sent to key provincial and national members of the Health Department.


The analytical structure of the difference between the static vacuum solution in the nonsymmetric gravitational theory (NGT) and the Schwarzschild solution of Einstein's gravitational theory (EGT) is studied. It is proved that a smooth matching of the solutions does not exist in the range 0 < r ≤ 2M, for any non-zero values of the parameters M and s of the NGT solution. This means that one cannot consider the difference between the two solutions using perturbation theory in this range of r. Assuming that the exterior solution in gravitational collapse is a small, time dependent perturbation of the static solution for a non-zero, generic NGT source (s 6 0) and mass density, it is shown that the matching of the interior and exterior solutions will not lead to black hole event horizons.


Two quadratic finite element models of the shallow water equations are presented, one using an explicit fourth-order Runge Kutta time integration scheme, the other an implicit trapezoidal rule scheme. The models are applied to rectangular channel problems which are similar to the tidal behavior of an estuary. Stability, accuracy, and the influence on the results of the friction and advective terms are covered. Bottom topography is shown to influence the results by changing the nature of the wave in the channel. Advective terms should be included in the model if there is significant bottom slope. In real situations the model is started with the water still and the surface flat, i.e., the "cold start." In the frictionless situation, this produces spurious wave forms related to the natural frequencies of the channel. These may be damped out by the specification of a high level of friction.


The Rake's Progress occupies an unique place in Strawinsky's output: it is his only full-length work for the theatre. This may seem a surprising statement to make in view of the fact that his main successes as a composer during the last forty years have occurred in the theatres of Europe and America: yet until the completion of this opera he had never written anything that would fill an evening's bill. The longest of his ballets plays for no more than three-quarters of an hour; and neither his lyric tale, The Nightingale, his opera-oratorio, Oedipus Rex, nor his melodrama, Persephone, exceeds an hour in length, excluding intervals. It is typical of the problems attendant on the production of Strawinsky's so-called 'full-scale' works that when the Berlin Krolloper wanted to mount Oedipus Rex at the beginning of 1928, Mavra and The Soldier's Tale had to be thrown in as make-weights.


Extensive tests in the coal grinding test field and in the flow laboratory, form together with the advanced CFD calculations as well as operating experience with over 2000 operating MPS ring and roller mills, the basis for the design of a new mill. In this the well-known principle of the MPS type ring and roller mill as best representative for hard coal pulverising worldwide has been retained. Tests at the size reduction model have shown that there is further potential for a higher output capacity. By means of new design and operating parameters the capacity was increased by more than 30 %. It was necessary to verify these results at a test mill in a power plant.


Wireless sensor networks have been widely applied in military, civilian, industrial, and environmental scenarios. Usually, sensors are assumed to have finite fixed sensing range or fine-grained signal measurement in the existing literature. We yet consider a more constrained sensing model in this paper: the sensors can sense event source signal of being at least a threshold strength and derive only binary detection reports (i.e. signal goes detected or undetected). Then we investigate the correctness probabilities of event source identification and signal strength estimation. Based upon binary detection reports from individual sensors, we introduce a concept of equivalent signal strength class and subsequently describe a probability calculation algorithm. Finally, event source identification probability and signal strength estimation probability are demonstrated under multiple varying sensor network parameters via executing our probability calculation algorithm.


By introducing the concept of a form factor for a cylindrical sonic source, a new method is constructed for solving boundary value problems of the wave field produced by such sources when the solutions for a simple source is known, provided the boundary conditions are axisymmetrical and are linear and homogeneous in the potentials. The form factor is defined in cylindrical coordinates as a function F(k) of the wave number k. The analytic properties of F(k) are described. It is proved that F(k) can be obtained from the far‐field approximation and is related to the directional factor through a simple transformation. The form factors of several simple‐shaped sources are derived. The theory is applied to the case of a borehole to show that the effect of the form factor on the profile of the full wavetrain is prominent in certain cases.


Introduction: Polymerization shrinkage can result in gap formation between the composite material and tooth structure with subsequent plaque accumulation, which affect the esthetic quality of a restoration and initiate periodontal diseases. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hygroscopic expansion on the cusp deflection of tooth composite restoration. Study Design: Invitro study using human premolars. Place and Duration of Study: Preventive and operative dental sciences in Alfarabi Dental Sciences, Riydah, KSA between July and September 2017. Materials and Methods: Eighty (80) human premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons. In each of the extracted premolar mesiooccluso distal cavity (MOD) was prepared and divided into two main groups (40 each) according to the restorative material, each main group randomly divided into two groups according to bonding used (20 each), subdivided into four equal subgroups (5 teeth per each) according to immersion in normal saline, Specimens were stored in saline for four-time interval (immediate, 2, 4 &12) weeks. Cuspal deflection was detected by digital caliper. Original Research Article Mossa et al.; JAMPS, 15(4): 1-7, 2017; Article no.JAMPS.38834 2 Results: There was a significant difference between the last two groups which filled with composite resin while the control teeth showed no significant difference. The cavities which restored with silorane (P90) resin-based composites and bonded with its consensual adhesive recorded the least Cuspal deformations. Conclusions: Cuspal deformation was decreased by hygroscopic expansion in teeth restored with a hydrophobic resin composite, while a hydrophilic composite restoration shows over-compensated the polymerization shrinkage causing tooth expansion.


In this study, we developed the hydogel patch containing curcuminoids for application in cosmetic purpose. The powder of curcuminoids extracted from rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn. was first formulated into o/w microemulsions before incorporating into the polymer solution. The polymer solutions consisted of chitosan derived from various sources or the blended chitosan starch. We found that chitosan from squid pen gave the patch with highest strength and flexibility. After incorporation of curcuminoids microemulsion into the polymer solution of squid chitosan in ratio of 1 : 1 by weight, values of tensile strength and per cent elongation at break of the obtained patch decreased (from 4.55 ± 0.41 N mm−2 to 2.26 ± 0.01 N mm−2 for tensile strength and from 40.27 ± 1.46% to 29.65 ± 2.77% for elongation at break). The DSC thermogram of the squid patch containing curcuminoids implied non‐crystalline structure of polymeric network, corresponding to porous characteristics of the patch surface. The results showed that the curcumin content remained at a concentration of 96% and 40% of the initial content after being kept at 4°C and room temperature, respectively. When the patch was kept at 50°C, the remaining curcumin could not be detected. According to vertical diffusion cell method, we found a rapid rate of curcumin release from the patch. The curcumin release pattern, which fitted well to the Higuchi's model, exhibited two distinct phases: the rapid phase (0–15 min), where the release rate of the curcumin averaged 0.74 μg min−1 mm−2, and the slow phase (15–120 min), where the release rate averaged 0.13 μg min−1 mm−2. Any sign of skin irritation was not observed in volunteers after single application of the curcuminoids patch in the under‐eye area for 30 min. This finding indicates mildness to skin of the developed patch.


Ilexonin A is a compound isolated from the root of a plant commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible protective mechanism of Ilexonin A in rats subjected to occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by 2 h of MCAO, followed by reperfusion. Ilexonin A at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg were administered via intraperitoneal injection immediately following ischemia/reperfusion. The expression levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) and Nestin were examined using immunostaining and Western blot analysis of the peri-infarct region following ischemia/reperfusion. Ilexonin A significantly decreased the infarct volume and improved neurological deficits in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of VEGF, Flk-1 and Nestin were significantly increased in the rats treated with Ilexonin A, compared with the rats administered with saline. Following treatment with Ilexonin A, a higher number of GFAP-positive astrocytes were found in the Ilexonin A-treated rats at 1, 3 and 7 days, compared with the rats exposed to ischemia only, however, there were fewer astrocytes at 14 days, compared with the ischemia group. Ilexonin A significantly decreased the protein expression of Iba-1. The results of the present study suggested that the protective effects of Ilexonin A were associated with revascularization, neuronal regeneration, and the regulation of astrocyte and microglia cell activation.


The variation of modern April-first water equivalent of the snowpack at the late Pleistocene equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) across the Great Basin is analyzed as a method of evaluating relative changes in late Pleistocene climates. Modern snow-course records were used to establish vertical April-first water-equivalent gradients for 24 mountain ranges in and near the Great Basin. These gradients were used to extrapolate the April-first water equivalent at the late Pleistocene ELA for 22 of the mountain ranges. Late Pleistocene ELAs were determined from the altitudes of lowest cirque floors and were taken from the literature. The results show a small increase in paleo-ELA with a large increase in water equivalent in the mountain ranges across the northern Great Basin. This suggests either that late Pleistocene temperature changes were not uniform across the northern Great Basin or that late Pleistocene snow accumulation patterns differed from those of the present or a combination of both.


In this paper, an algorithm building the effective homology version of the pushout of the simplicial morphisms $f:X\rightarrow Y$ and $g:X\rightarrow Z$, where $X,Y$ and $Z$ are simplicial sets with effective homology is presented.


The problem of thermal radiation in the presence of nonuniform emissivity arising through different types surfaces involved in thermal-control systems is addressed. In particular, its effect on natural convection driven by an inner hot plate kept inside a square enclosure is studied. The enclosure considered is either horizontally or vertically cooled, and two different primary orientations of the inner hot plate are considered. The corresponding governing partial differential equations were solved by the finite volume method on a uniform and regular grid system. While doing so, the net radiation method was used to determine the radiative surface fluxes. The effect of two opposing emissivity contrasts between the inner hot plate and enclosure walls is studied for the Rayleigh numbers Ra ≤ 107. The flow and heat transfer mechanisms at the resulting steady state are discussed via isotherms, streamlines, and average Nusselt number Nu¯. The findings arrived out of this comprehensive study shows that prominent heat transfer enhancement occurs when the emissivity of the inner hot plate is higher. Significant changes introduced by the emissivity contrast in the velocity and temperature fields can be seen for higher Rayleigh numbers. Moreover, better heat removal through the combined radiation and convection mechanism is observed invariably for the vertical hot plate in the presence of emissivity contrast. It is found that the heat transfer can be augmented up to around 35% through a good knowledge of the emissivity contrast.


In this paper U-shaped as well as rectangular piezoresistive cantilever array have been designed and fabricated based on silicon micromachining technology. Single crystalline silicon is used as the piezoresistive material. The sensitivities and the noises of piezoresistive cantilevers were systematically investigated from both the theory and the experimental results. The minimum detectable deflections (MDD) of piezoresistive cantilever are calculated to be 0.3 nm for rectangular cantilever and 0.2 nm for U-shaped cantilever at a 6 V bias voltage and a 1000 Hz measurement bandwidth. Using polymer-coated cantilevers as a chemical sensor, its response to water vapor was tested by measuring its output voltage signals. The measurement shows that the sensor sensitivity is high and the response is quick.


Eight new coordination polymers have been synthesized from transition metal cations, 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bpy), and the perfluorinated dicarboxylates tetrafluoroterephthalate (tftpa), tetrafluoroisophthalate (tfipa), and tetrafluorosuccinate (tfsuc). This family of materials displays a striking degree of structural diversity when considering the fact that all are synthesized under identical thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. Of the eight materials, three contain three-dimensional connectivity: Co2(2,2′-bpy)2(tftpa)2(H2O) (1), Mn2(2,2′-bpy)2(tftpa)2(H2O) (2), and Cu(2,2′-bpy)(tfsuc)·0.5H2O (6). Two materials are two-dimensional layered structures: Mn(2,2′-bpy)(tfipa)·0.5H2O (3) and Cu(2,2′-bpy)(tfipa) (5). Two display one-dimensional chain structures: Cu(2,2′-bpy)(tfipa) (4) and Cu(2,2′-bpy)(tfsuc)(H2O)·H2O (7). Lastly, Zn(2,2′-bpy)(tfipa)(H2O) (8) is a discrete zero-dimensional molecular complex.


Abstract Axisymmetric free vibrations of moderately thick circular plates described by the linear shear-deformation Mindlin theory are analyzed by the differential quadrature (DQ) method. The first fifteen natural frequencies of vibration are calculated for uniform circular plates with free, simply-supported and clamped edges. Through these computations, the capability and simplicity of the differential quadrature method for moderately thick plate eigenvalue analysis is demonstrated, and convergence and accuracy are thoughtfully examined. The case of rigid point support at the plate centre is also considered in the present paper, for which special attention is paid to the capability and convergence of the current method.


In my work, I am concerned with what kind of options are given to film makers by alternative or underground comics in terms of their adaptation. My original goal is not only comparing film adaptation and the original movie, but also comparison of the different approaches by each author. In the first part of my work, I am trying to assort and clarify definitions which describe the alternative comic work and also explain what the alternative comic work actually means. Because I am dealing with the alternative comics which is not very well known in the Czech republic, I attempted a partial summary of its development. I am also trying to outline the theme and style of such pieces at the same time. That is, in my opinion, the only way how to zoom on the possibilities or sources of inspiration that these pieces may or may not offer to film makers. In the second part, I am trying to compare two films which are actually the only two available adaptations of the alternative comics. It is more of a comparison of the overall film concept and comparison of the structure than analysing the films theirselves.


In this work, we continue our study of upscaling biofilm processes in porous media from the pore scale to the Darcy scale. We adopt a continuum-level description of biofilms at the pore scale on the basis of work reported in Wood et al. (2002b). We upscale from the pore scale to the Darcy scale using the method of volume averaging and we predict the effective dispersion tensor with two- and three-dimensional closure problems. Our results indicate that, for a one-equation local mass equilibrium theory, the primary influence of the biofilm is that the effective diffusion coefficient is smaller than it would be without the presence of biofilm. This effect is important primarily at low Peclet numbers.


Many cites in Shaanxi Province such as Dali,Jingyang,Sanyuan,Fengxiang had become the goods and material distributing centers and regional business centers in East and West China because of the convenient transportation and advanced commerce and trade since the late Ming Dynasty. However,after Longhai railway traffic service was offered in Shaanxi Province,material distribution centers were moved to cities along Longhai Railway due to the arterial traffic change. Traditional commerce cities in the central Shaanxi plain started losing their driving force and finally became declining.


Direct colony hybridization on agarose gel plate was established for the identification of recombinant plasmids. The hybridization of the probe to nucleic acids on dried gel without transferring to solid supports was more effective and simpler than hybridization of such probes to materials immobilized on filters such as nitrocellulose or nylon. D-cycloserine in overlaying agamse was essential for releasing the nucleic acids from colony.


Standardized work plays a very important role in a lean manufacturing environment. It makes the process precise and well organized which results in the safest, easiest, economical and most effective way of doing work. This research work is based on the standardization of the work process of the casing manufactured in a press industry to reduce the cycle time by eliminating waste from the process. The study has reduced 50 min in the total cycle time of the casing through the implementation of standardized work.


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AIM To evaluate the preventive effect of methyl carprost suppositories (MCS) on the postpartal hemorrhage. METHODS 204 postpartal women, born from vagina, were divided into two groups: MCS treated group and oxytocin treated group. MCS (1 mg/capsule) and oxytocin (10 U) were given to the women by rectum delivery and im respectively. The amount of the hemorrhage in postpartum within 2 h and the third time of bearing were recorded. RESULTS It was found that the amount of the hemorrhage in oxytocin treated group was much than that in MCS treated group significantly ( P 0 01). Also the third time of bearing prolonged compared with oxytocin group. CONCLUSION MCS decreased the amount of postpartal hemorrhage, which is much more effective than what oxytocin did.


Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a measure of the extent to which a crop transforms available N to economic yield. Seasonal N mineralization of organic amendments increases available N and, depending on the timing of mineralization and crop requirements for N, may improve NUE while reducing soil N losses. A two-year study was conducted in an ongoing five-year field experiment (1992-1996) on a Brandon loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) (Orthic Humic Gleysol) at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, ON, Canada (45°23' N, 75°43' W). Our objectives were to (i) quantify the effects of inorganic N fertilizer, stockpiled (SM), and rotted manure (RM) application on seasonal N mineralization and (ii) monitor the mineral N balance in the soil-plant system. Application of manure at the highest rate having a mineral N (NH 4 + plus NO 3 - ) of &100 kg N ha -1 and up to 800 kg N ha -1 of total N resulted in up to 120 kg ha -1 of net N mineralized. The potential loss of this mineralized N was minimized during the growing season compared with inorganic fertilizer application because of the synchronization of soil N release and uptake by maize (Zea mays L.). In soil receiving 200 kg inorganic N ha ', the amount of net N mineralized over the season was between 130 and 170 kg ha -1 , but large losses of mineral N from the rooting zone occurred during the same period. The amount of net N mineralized over the season accounted for up to half of the plant N uptake in all treatments; for example, the amount of net N mineralized in manured soils represented about 30 to 60% of total plant N. It appears that a priming effect on soil mineral N occurred in all treatments during the vegetative period. This resulted in a curvilinear relationship between net N mineralization rate and soil mineral N levels at preplanting that reached a plateau at 140 kg N ha -1 . The rate of N mineralization during the grain-filling period was approximately the same at both levels of inorganic N fertilizer, but was, on average, three times higher under manure treatments. Compared with N mineralization under the 200 kg N ha -1 fertilizer treatment, all manure treatments resulted in higher rates of net N mineralization during the grain-filling period.


Prosocial behavior was examined among 100 secretaries. The value of helping others and empathy explained significant variance in prosocial behaviors directed only at individuals. Reward equity and recognition explained significant variance in behaviors directed only at the organization. With these variables removed, the effect of job satisfaction was not significant.


The formation of (2S,3S)-S-[(Z)-aminovinyl]-3-methyl-D-cysteine (AviMeCys) substructures was developed based on the photocatalyzed-oxidative decarboxylation of lanthionine-bearing peptides. The decarboxylative selenoetherification of the N-hydroxyphthalimide ester, generated in situ, proceeded under mild conditions at −40 °C in the presence of 1 mol% of eosin Y-Na2 as a photocatalyst and the Hantzsch ester. The following β-elimination of the corresponding N,Se-acetal was operated in a one-pot operation, led to AviMeCys substructures found in natural products in moderate to good yields. The sulfide-bridged motif, and also the carbamate-type protecting groups, such as Cbz, Teoc, Boc and Fmoc groups, were tolerant under the reaction conditions.


We analyze some aspects of recently performed Franson-type experiments with entangled photon pairs aimed to test Bell's inequalities. We point out that quantum theory leads to the coincidence rate between detectors which includes in fact a dependence on the distance. We study this dependence and obtain that for large distances the correlation function vanishes. Therefore with taking into account the space parts of wave functions of photons for large distances quantum mechanical predictions are consistent with Bell's inequalities. We propose an experimental study of space dependence of correlation functions in Bell-type experiments.


The issues of the Low-Earth-orbit (LEO) Satellite Internet of Things (IoT) System construction based on the Distributed Satellite architecture with Nano-satellites / CubeSats and the Fog Computing concept application have been considered. For the Fog Computing realization, Satellite-Computers are comprised into each Distributed Satellite. Satellite-Computers form the Orbital Distributed Computing Network. The correlation between the parameters of the Satellite System Constellation and the IoT data transmission and processing delay value in the Orbital Distributed Computing Network has been considered. The Distributed Localized Database has been proposed to be placed on the basis of the Orbital Distributed Computing Network. The Generalized Database Structure and its Conservative and Operational parts purpose were defined. Data transfer directivity through the Orbital Segment of the LEO Satellite IoT System was considered for the Localized Database Operational part update and for the Computational Load balancing through the Orbital Distributed Computing Network. The parameters influence of the Orbital Segment of the LEO Satellite IoT System on the Computational Load balancing through the Orbital Distributed Computing Network has been shown. Analytical expressions are given to evaluate the expected round trip time and processing of IoT information in the LEO Satellite IoT System, as well as to form an Information Processing Priority Criterion for the overload balancing, based on the Accaptable Delay Value of processing of IoT Service Information, which is a critical parameter of each IoT Service.


The standard of IEEE 802.1Q realizes the VLAN by using the standard frame tag.The paper stu-(dies) the format of 802.1Q,the mechanism of realizing the VLAN from ingress process,forward process,egress process,and gives explanations by example.


After 90 min of steady-state photosynthesis in a flow through gas circuit, illuminated Amaranthus and sunflower leaves were offered 14CO2 in a closed system and subsequently killed in liquid nitrogen. The lyophilized tissue was combusted by a modified in-vial microcombustion method. The radioactivity of the released carbon dioxide trapped in monoethanolamine was measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer.CO2 evolution is not apparent in concentrations of low oxygen and the rates of 14CO2 uptake by photosynthesizing Amaranthus and sunflower leaves in 600 p.p.m. CO2 and 1% O2, which were constant during the short time 14C fixation, showed that the volume of the closed system was not rate limiting.In 600 p.p.m. CO2 and 50% O2Amaranthus leaves did not evolve carbon dioxide from recently fixed carbon-14. Under the same conditions the 14C content versus time relationship by sunflower leaves rapidly became curvilinear, indicating that increasing amounts of labeled carbon dioxide were being evolved from the ...


An eco-epidemiological SIS model with stage and disease in the predator is investigated. The threshold is founded which the epidemic will become endemic or die out.For locally asymptotical stability and globally asymptotical stability of disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium sufficient conditions are obtained for this model.


: MCT1 is an important regulator in glycolysis and has significant effects on inflammatory responses and osteoclast differentiation etc. This study was to study the effects and mechanism of MCT1 in chondrocytes injury and inflammatory responses. ATDC5 cells with stably transfection of MCT1shRNA were treated with 5 μg/mL of LPS. Cell viability was de termined by MTT assay. The mRNA and protein expressions were detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. The concentrations of cytokines in culture medium were measured by ELISA. ROS generation was tested by 2,7-dichloro fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The results showed that MCT1 was increased by LPS treatment in ATDC5 cells in a dose dependent manner. MCT1 knockdown improved the survival of LPS-treated ATDC5 cells. MCT1 knockdown also de creased LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα) and oxidative stress media tors (iNOS, COX-2 and NOX-4) in ATDC5 cell. Importantly, PFKFB3 overexpression reversed the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of MCT1 knockdown in LPS-induced ATDC5 cells. These results indicated that MCT1 knock out decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress mediators induced by LPS through regulating PFKFB3. The study provides a potential target for the prevention or treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).


Building a high-quality bioinformatics workflow needs not only good biology knowledge, but also extensive knowledge of existing online bioinformatics services. To facilitate this task, we present a novel approach of automatic workflow composition in SIBIOS system. Our approach regards the task of workflow composition as a planning problem, and uses Graphplan as the solution planner. We extended Graphplan to allow users to specify particular services that they want to use in the workflow, as well as the order those services are used. Automatically generated workflows are used as a baseline for researchers, to be refined to meet their needs. This paper describes the theoretical design and practical evaluation of automatic workflow composition in SIBIOS


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