Mobile devices these days have become an important part of our daily lives. Mobile use has increased rapidly in our daily lives over face-to-face communication with natural language use. This means that most people live as part of Generation Mobile (Gen M). This paper aims to search for the tasks for moral character development (MCD) of Gen M with a focus on the use of natural language. According to the previous study, in the tropism model, moral characteristics of humans develop from subjectivity toward objectivity in cognition, from egoism (self-love) toward altruism (other-love) in affect, and from heteronomy toward autonomy in volition. Moral character, therefore, is closely related to human relations in real life, and human relations are directly related to the use of natural language. Considering this, Gen M may have exhibit a certain amount of retardation in the affective domain of MCD such as emotional development, because mobile-phone addiction among children and youths raises serious problems of moral character. They have less opportunity for face-to-face interaction to develop facets of human relationships including manners, perseverance, and emotional control with the use of natural language as mobile communication reduces face-to-face conversations. Mobile devices may lead to us becoming emotionless robots ourselves. Consequently, it is necessary to increase various educational opportunities and programs of face-to-face interaction with use of natural language in order to develop a sound moral character for Gen M.


writing about BTES has been on practicing teachers, the implications for practicing teacher educators seldom has been addressed. Powell and Filby succinctly summarize BTES major findings and then discuss their implications for practicing teacher educators. This is must reading for those who work with student teachers and beginning teachers. Powell, now a consultant in Ypsilanti, Michigan, was with the California Commission on Teacher Preparation and Licensing at the time of BTES and the Commission's primary liaison office for it. Filby served as a Research Associate for BTES, where she developed instrumentation and directed the analysis of teaching behaviors. Currently, she is Associate Director of the Instructional


Previous behavioral studies have shown that human perceptual learning (PL) occurs not only within active training sessions but also between sessions when no actual training is conducted. Once acquired, the learning effect can last for a long term, from months to even years, without further training (Karni et al, Nature, 1993). It's not clear, however, whether fast (within-session) and slow (between-session) visual PL involves different neural mechanisms, and whether both contribute to the long-term preservation. Recently, by observing the time course of learning-associated ERP changes over a period of six months, we found that fast and slow learning involved distinct ERP changes, which played different role on the preservation of PL: while the ERP changes associated with fast learning can only last for a short term (several days), those associated with slow learning can be retained for a long-term (several months) after training has been stopped. We have observed these findings in two distinct visual tasks: line orientation detection (Qu et al., Neuropsychologia, 2010) and vernier tasks (Ding et al., in preparation) so far. A general model of PL was proposed based on our findings and literatures.


New law firm Alchemy Law has recently opened for business in Harrogate. Located in Princes Square, the firm will be specialising in personal injury, ...


With economic globalisation making second language (L2) learning inevitable throughout the world, understanding what factors facilitate success is a socioeconomic necessity. This paper examined the role of social factors, those related to ethnic group affiliation (EGA), in the development of L2 proficiency. Although numerous studies have documented an intimate relationship between language and EGA, few have examined whether and how this relationship shapes L2 learning. The participants were 59 adult French–English bilinguals from Québec who read an English text and completed a questionnaire assessing their EGA, including pride, loyalty and support for their ethnic group and its language. Results revealed a significant, albeit complex, association between EGA and L2 proficiency. Basic feelings of pride and loyalty towards the ethnic group had no associations with L2 proficiency. Strong support for the group's sociopolitical aspirations were associated with low L2 proficiency. In turn, strong ethnic group identification, coupled with a positive orientation towards the L2 group, was associated with high L2 proficiency. These EGA effects were found to be mediated by amount of L2 use, revealing a plausible link sustaining the relationship between EGA and L2 learning success.


One of the most trusted and accurate probes to the structure of elementary particles is found in the difference between the experimental and theoretical value of the magnetic moment, the electric-dipole moment and the electric-quadrupole moment of elementary particles [1], [2]. Supersymmetry [3], grand unification [4] and higher field-theoretic corrections can account for the measured g factor of the electron to within a margin of a NgMeas2gTheor NE10 leaving open the question of whether composite particles effects can account for the difference [5, 6]. Also it might be that in high magnetic fields environmental effects might produce corrections to the magnetic moment in spin phenomena that cannot be described by a Hamiltonian [7-9]. Even the Lamb shift with its precise experimental verification can receive temperaturedependent corrections that have no Hamiltonian origin to them [10]. In addition to these possibilities, there is another correction to the magnetic moment of the electron that has its origin rooted in topological notions, namely the corrections to the magnetic moment induced by a disclination produced by a cosmic string [11, 12]. The basic reason for this phenomena is the "Casimir effect", basically the disclination modifies the vacuum state of the quantum fields in the neighborhood of the string due to the non-trivial topology which in turn modifies the magnetic moment of the electron. In what follows we point out that this effect can be used to identify cosmic strings in a cosmological setting by observing Zeeman lines due to spin flips which depend on the distance from the string. If a characteristic variation of the Zeeman frequency with distance from the string is found that varies inversely with the distance squared from the string, then the curvature of the plot can be used to calculate the disclination angle produced by the string and in turn the string mass density.


An algorithm for determining the list of smallest volume right-angled hyperbolic polyhedra in dimension 3 is described. This algorithm has been implemented on computer using the program Orb to compute volumes, and the first 825 polyhedra in the list have been determined.


The electrocardiograms (ECGs) record the electrical activity of the heart and are used to diagnose many heart disorders. This paper introduces an effective technique for the denoising of ECG signals corrupted by noises. The research is aimed at the design of an intelligent ECG diagnosis tool to extract ECG signal. The multi-resolution representations of the signal, produced by wavelet transform (WT), are used for signal structure extraction. Experimental results have shown that the implementation of this wavelet-based filter in ECG signal analysis results in an efficient reduction of the high noisy environment, producing an almost noise-free output signal. Due to its simplicity and its fast implementation the method can easily be used in clinical medicine.


In this paper, we investigate a new subclass Σn (τ , γ,φ) of analytic and bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk U defined by Salagean differential operator. For functions belonging to this class, we obtain estimates on the first two Taylor-Maclaurin coeffi cient |a2| and |a3|.


Henan province locates in the eastern-central part of China, transitional zone from temperate to subtropic, from humid to semihumid and semarid, ranging from longitude 110°21′to 116°39′E , latitude 31°23′to 36°22 ′N. The Central China, North China and East China plant Regions connect in here, so its floristic elements are complex .This paper summarizes and discuses the characteristic of the flora of Henan province based on the latest floristic data. The result is as follows: (1)it is rich in flora; (2)there are many families and genera being age-old in origin in it; (3)its geographical elements are complex, but temperate type is the dominant and the character of transition conspicuous in the flora; (4)it is rich in species endemic to chine, ranking the first place in the northern areas in China; (5)the difference between areas is obvious.


Vertical cavity surface lasers (VCSELs) are now key optical sources in parallel optical interconnects and high-speed optical switching systems. The advantages of VCSEL include simpler fiber coupling, easier packaging and testing, and the ability to be fabricated in two-dimensional (2-D) laser arrays. The hybrid optoelectronic integrated circuits and parallel optical interconnects based on VCSEL arrays are now the research hotspot. This paper introduces the basic structure of VCSELs and the key techniques of VCSELs' fabrication. The optical interconnects using VCSELs is also demonstrated in this paper.


ABSTRACT: We currently know civic societies as a widespread part of the amenity lobby, yet their history is little explored. Focusing on the emergence and growth of civic societies before 1960, this article examines some of that history. The first section provides a background context, linking civic groups to shifting ideas about architecture and space, and to reform movements of the nineteenth century. The second section explores the growth in numbers of associations and their memberships. The third section develops a discussion of the ideas and activities of societies, focusing particularly on their articulation of social and spatial interconnection, their use of a prescriptive urban aesthetic and their political influence.


The hot corrosion of austenitic type 347 steel coated with alkali sulphates, namely Na 2 S0 4 , CaSO 4 , K 2 S0 4 and their mixtures, oxidised at 850°C in air has been investigated by measuring the oxidation kinetics. The formation of alkali iron trisulphate (Na,K) 3 Fe(S0 4 ) 3 seems to be responsible for the accelerated corrosion of the steel in a mixture of Na 2 SO 4 + K 2 S0 4 . Na 2 SO 4 + CaSO 4 or CaSO 4 + K 2 S0 4 form low melting eutectics which first attack the protective chromia scales followed by the formation of iron trisulphate as well as fluxing products. The scale morphologies as predicted from mechanistic considerations are in fairly good agreement with the observed morphologies.


In this paper, a new electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing system is designed and the influence of the approach speed and charge voltage on ESD parameters, e.g., discharge current, rise time, and induced voltage in a semicircular loop antenna, and also the reproducibility of experimental results are analyzed. It is concluded that, as the charge voltage is constant, ESD parameters are linearly proportional to the approach speed, the reproducibility increases with growth of the approach speed, especially at 0.8 m/s. As the approach speed is constant, the field strength generated at low charge voltage is stronger than that at high charge voltage; better reproducibility can be also reached at low charge voltage. These important conclusions provide the foundation for developing standard method for air ESD immunity tests.


Background: HIV disproportionately affects sexual minority men (SMM) in the United States. Objective: We sought to determine past HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) use and current and prior pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among a web-based sample of cisgender and transgender men who have sex with men. Methods: In 2019, HIV-negative and unknown status SMM (n=63,015) were recruited via geosocial networking apps, social media, and other web-based venues to participate in a brief eligibility screening survey. Individuals were asked about past PEP use and current and prior PrEP use. We examined associations of demographics, socioeconomic indicators, and recent club drug use with PEP and PrEP use, as well as the association between past PEP use and current and prior PrEP use using generalized linear models and multinomial logistic regression. Statistical significance was considered at P <.001, given the large sample size; 99.9% CIs are reported. Results: Prior PEP use was reported by 11.28% (7108/63,015) of the participants, with current or prior PrEP use reported by 21.95% (13,832/63,015) and 8.12% (5118


results from a study statistical analysis it was found that THIS PAPER of what appeared to be a rather simple matter, the correlation of annual precipitation between adjacent stations. This question comes up when a meteorologist wishes to fill a gap in one record by use of nearby station records; it also arises when an engineer wishes to utilize the records of neighboring stations for a locality that may have no record or only a short one. But the implications of our first few investigations expanded as the number of stations increased until wholly unexpected results were revealed. In relating precipitation between adjacent stations by means of the coefficients of correlation fall into a definite geographical pattern, which, when extended over an appreciable area, may reveal a climatic discontinuity in a region which the casual student would assume to have a uniform climate. The present study was initiated by an attempt to determine the correlation of annual precipitation between Omaha and nearby stations at Blair and Fremont, Nebr. Correlation between Omaha, used as a center, and other stations was extended to points over the Great Plains and Central Lowlands within distances of 300 to


In this paper, one-dimensional (1D) nonlinear Schrodinger equations $$ iu_{t}-u_{xx}+mu+\nu|u|^{4}u=0, $$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions are considered. It is proved that for all real parameters m, the above equation admits small-amplitude quasi-periodic solutions corresponding to b-dimensional invariant tori of an associated infinite-dimensional dynamical system. The proof is based on infinite-dimensional KAM theory, partial normal form, and scaling skills.


Todd Leutzinger, Sara Myers, & Iraklis Pipinos Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE USA College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA Email: email@example.com INTRODUCTION Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is primarily characterized by atherosclerosis in the arteries of the lower legs causing claudication in the form of debilitating pain during walking [1]. Past research has shown individuals with PAD display differences in spatiotemporal gait parameters compared to healthy controls and when walking with and without pain [2,3]. The aim of this study was to further investigate spatiotemporal gait adaptation in patients with PAD from the time they begin walking with no pain to walking in maximal pain.


In the 21st century, the ability to be mastered by students is increasingly complex, such as the ability of critical thinking, creative thinking skills, communication skills, ability to cooperate, as well as ability in reasoning. The ability of reasoning in students is crucial to learn and develop. The reasoned ability is not only needed when studying mathematics but is indispensable when determining decisions in life. The instrument in this study is how the mathematical reasoning process of students is low, moderate and high on the subject matter of three dimensions. The study aims to know students' learning difficulties relating to the students' mathematical reasoning ability on surface area material and the volume of three-dimensional space. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a case study approach. The subject of this study involved 30 students. The instrument in this research is a mathematical reasoning ability test. The results showed that 40% of students had high reasoning ability, 40% of students had moderate reasoning ability, and 20% had low reasoning ability. Students with high reasoning ability have no significant difficulty in completing the instrument in this study, students with reasoning ability are having difficulty in calculating and interpreting the intent of the question, and students with low reasoning ability have difficulty in drafting a completion plan. The study concluded that the students' reasoning ability on the three-dimensional material belongs to the medium category.


For improving the control performance of large scale ultra supercritical(USC) boilers,the thermal characteristic must be analyzed firstly,and the suitable models for design control should be constructed.The traditional model of transfer function was not quite satisfactory for the modeling precision.The principal and the characteristics of the combustion system in USC boiler were analyzed.And then,the standards of data selection and the methods of data pretreatment are summarized.Based on the historical operation data of the thermal power plant,using the swarm intelligence optimizing algorithms,all the parameters of the transfer function were identified.So the linear transfer function model of the combustion system was gained.The quantitative values of delay time of the combustion system were given.Meanwhile,the double inputs and single output model of the furnace negative pressure system was gained.The identification results were validated.The results can be a reference for the design or the optimization of control system in the combustion system.


In this paper, we propose a novel IEEE 802.15.4 media access control (MAC) power management scheme that achieves the user specified reliability with minimal power consumption at the node. Also, we develop an accurate mathematical model to analyze the effects of constrained on-node memory for sensed data storage on the MAC layer performance. We use three-dimensional Markov chain and M/G/1/K queue to model the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and on-node packet queue, respectively. By formulating the precise packet service time, the reliability, packet queue overflow losses, delay, and power consumption of the node are analyzed. When compared with simulations and the real-time test bed, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 97% and 94%, respectively. Also, the performance analysis shows that the proposed power management scheme provides energy savings of up to 74.82%.


The advantage of the controlled permanent magnet system for magnetic levitation is the considerable improvement in levitation force to weight ratio and the reduced rating of the on-board power supply. A combined support and guidance technique with selfstable guide behaviour reduce the expense of control and power electronics. An important feature of this system is the simplified mechanical construction of track and the vehicle does not embrace the guide way. Therefore surface mounted as well as elevated tracks are possible. The magnet was designed to provide a lift force of 750㎏ for a 3 ton prototype vehicle with 4 magnets by KERI and built by Dae-Bo Magnetic Co., LTD. The paper also describes the assembling technology for permanent magnets, the experimental setup and test results for lift force, guidance force and flux distribution.


Multiple geological and climatic events have created geographical or ecological barriers associated with speciation events, playing a role in biological diversification in Mexico. Here, we evaluate the influence of Neogene geological events and of Pleistocene climate change in the diversification of the genus Gerrhonotus using molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction.


Young and old volunteers received acetazolamide systemically or isoproterenol topically. Although the responses of the two groups of volunteers were quite similar for acetazolamide, they differed significantly for isoproterenol. It is suggested that a normal aging change is altered responsiveness of the site of aqueous production and of the outflow pathways to topical isoproterenol. The site of aqueous production becomes less responsive; the outflow pathways become more responsive.


The substitution of fossil fuels with biofuels has been proposed by the European Union (EU) as part of a strategy to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from road transport, increase security of energy supply and support the development of rural communities. Vegetable oils and their derivatives (especially methyl esters), commonly referred to as 'biodiesel', are prominent candidates as alternative diesel fuels. They have advanced from being purely experimental fuels to the initial stages of commercialization. They are technically competitive with or offer technical advantages compared to conventional diesel fuel. However, several problems remain including economics, combustions, some emissions, lube oil contamination, and low-temperature properties. Therefore, quality control of fuel-related properties of biodiesel is needed to obtain consistent engine performance by fuel users. The quality of the fuel is affected by the oil composition. Rapeseed oil has been targeted for fuel use because it produces an oil with a close-to-optimum set of fuel characteristics. In this paper we have reviewed past and current efforts, both by traditional seed-breeding methods and by genetic engineering, to modify rapeseed oil quality and yield.


A distance measurement technique with sub-wavelength accuracy using 821st-harmonic of the intermode-beats of a fiber-based frequency comb was developed. The developed method can provide a coherent link to an integrated laser interferometer for absolute-long-distance measurements, taking advantage of the ultrahigh dynamic range of frequency combs.


Throughout the 19th century, explains Campbell (history, U. of Liverpool), the coal miners enjoyed a high degree of autonomy underground, but their work situation was transformed in the 20th when Scotland became the most intensively mechanized of the British coalfields. Grievances followed, and then


In the title compound, [RuCl2(C6H16N2)(CO)2], the geometry around the RuII atom is a distorted RuC2N2Cl2 octahedron, with pairs of C and Cl atoms trans to each other and the N atoms of the bidentate ligand in a cis conformation. The five-membered chelate ring is puckered on the C—C bond.


This paper reviews the research status of vibration environment test equipment and technology. The development of modern vibration measuring sensors, types, processing technology, structure principle and the main performance index of the sensor is made by brief introduction and analysis, the problems existing in the vibration environment test is pointed out, at the same time for their application in the field of modern industry be also made by corresponding introduction.


From a gross morphological view, picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) acted much like 2,4-D. As soon as 2 hr after treatment with higher concentrations of picloram (7.2 μg/plant), the stems began to swell and bend, and the treated leaves began to shrivel. Apical growth was stopped if concentrations were too high (72.0-7.2 μg picloram per plant). With lower concentrations (less than 0.72 μg picloram per plant), however, apical growth was only retarded and flowering delayed. The light-microscope study of the aerial portions of the plant revealed that the vascular cambium and its initials remained meristematic when affected by picloram. Initial divisions were periclinal, but later divisions were anticlinal and transverse, forming an adventitious root. As the adventitious root developed, the cortical cells were torn around the area of the root, and the epidermis was stretched until fissures developed.


For a particle at rest in macroscopic space that begins moving when energy is added, the equation 2 2 2 0 2 E c p E = + for Einstein's energy-momentum relationship represents the relationship between the particle's total energy and momentum, and rest mass energy. When the kinetic energy of the particle increases, so does its total energy. However, things are different when electrons at rest approach the nuclei of hydrogen atoms— protons—thereby creating hydrogen atoms. An electron with rest mass energy 0 E will reduce its total energy by emitting photons outside the atom but at the same time will gain kinetic energy. This paper derives the following relationship for an electron inside a hydrogen atom: 2 2 2 2 0 . E c p E + = When establishing the coefficient for the Dirac equation, a relativistic wave equation, Dirac assumed that this equation satisfied the Klein-Gordon equation. However, the Klein-Gordon equation is a quantized equation of Einstein's relationship. Thus, we attempt to discover a coefficient for the Dirac equation which satisfies this quantized relationship as is newly derived in this paper. However, these are not intended to disaffirm the Dirac equation; rather, the equations in this paper with these discovered coefficients are presented as alternative forms of the Dirac equation.


The Cordillera Real, divide between the Altiplano and Yungas drainage basin, is located to the east of the Bolivian capital, La Paz. This high range has experienced violent glaciations in three times, which are denominated by the author as Pata Antigua, Pata Nueva and Milluni glacial age. Many glaciers yet remains around high peaks in the central parts of the range. Post-Milluni stage is divided into six sub-stages (M1, M2,•c•c and M6). All cirques now free from ice have been formed in the latest glacial age, Milluni. In this paper the author analyzes by statistical method some factors related to the altitudinal distribution of glacial phenomena. 90 glaciers and 79 cirques analyzed in this paper are located in the National Map of Bolivia, sheet No. 5945 IV, Lago Khara Kkota, in scale of 1 : 50,000, which covers the central parts of the Cordillera Real. Figure II shows the distribution of the above glaciers and cirques. Altitude was read from contour-lines, and area was measured with a polar planimeter in the original map of Figure II. Data were listed up in Tables II-1 and II-2. Correlation coeffiicients between the altitudinal distribution of glacial phenomena and some factors shown in Tables IV-1 to IV-7 were examined by the method of the t-test of significance. The conclusions are as follows. 1) The large-sized glaciers are found around the higher summits, and small ones around the lower summits. 2) The ice-tongues of large-sized glaciers reach down to low altitude. 3) Neverthless it cannot be concluded that the glaciers around the high summits would reach down to low altitude. 4) The distance of retreat of the ice-tongues after the sub-stage M6 is proportional to the size of the glaciers. From this result, it may be concluded that the ice-tongues of large-sized glaciers are more sensitive to the fluctuation of climatic circumstances. 5) Altitude of the cirque-bottoms becomes higher in proportion to the height of summits around them. A great number of the cirques are located by 150 m to 550 m lower than * 東京大学理学部地理 ・大学院 Dept. Geogr., Tokyo Univ.


It has been almost two decades since the Earth Summit of 1992 in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) that woke up the world to the crises in the environment as well as development. Despite the great declarations of that meeting, which most government heads attended, the environment today is in even greater crisis. An important reason is that globalisation, spurred by the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, ushered in new forces of economic competition among countries. They had to keep costs low so that their companies could survive in the globalised market, and less and less priority was given to environmental protection or to assist developing countries. It has been 'business as usual', with more forests chopped, minerals exploited and factories and cars pumping pollutants and warming the world's temperature.


Permanent magnet synchronous motors for vehicles usually adopt the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control algorithm to obtain good torque output capability. But it unable to stabilize the speed due to the limitation of the battery voltage limit at the high speed stage. In response to this problem, this paper uses MTPA control algorithm to achieve speed regulation within the base speed. In the high speed range, when the voltage is limited, use the voltage feedback flux weakening(FW) control strategy to adjust the motor speed. Finally, built simulation model by Matlab/Simulink to verify the scheme. The results show that the scheme can effectively achieve smooth speed regulation in the full speed range.


Anodizing is an electrochemical process to produced anodic coatings for improving magnesium (Mg) properties such as corrosion-resistant. In this study, anodizing of pure magnesium in 1 M NaOH electrolyte for 1800 s and at 21 °C and different constant current or voltage was investigated. The effect of voltage and current on morphology and thickness of the resulting anodic layers was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDX analyser. The thickness of the produced layers was determined to utilize digital image analysis. The results showed that using lower current of 0.08 A non-compact anodic layer was produced. When a higher current of 0.2 and 0.5 A was used compact and thicker anodic layers were produced compare to lower current of 0.08 A. The anodic layer produced at a constant voltage of 20 V was rougher, thicker and contained microcracks compare to anodic layers formed at constant voltage of 12 V and at constant current (0.2 and 0.5 A).


Distributed Hash Tables and unstructured Peer-to-Peer networks present an alternative basis for global software applications. Compared to the Client-Server applications, P2P applications have significant advantages. By eliminating the idea of Servers as the single point of failures and single point of control out of the picture. P2P networks are suitable for many applications like Distributed Online Social Networks the modern society needs today. Distributed Applications built on top of a P2P network are much more resistant to complete system breakdowns, power misuse by authorities (e.g. censorship) and limitless surveillance. In previous work, we presented Distributed Data Structure (DDS) offers a middle-ware for distributed applications. This software has been implemented in a simulation framework for P2P networks called PeerFactSim.KOM. The DDS middle-ware works on top of a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) overlay as a structured P2P network and offers an object-oriented, distributed storage layer. The security of data is an essential topic in such environments. Therefore, without proper security mechanisms, the idea of storing private and sensitive data on unknown network peers become useless, as the stored data can be read or manipulated. In this paper, we present and evaluate a concept of a secure model working completely without trusted nodes for such distributed data structures in peer-to-peer networks. In the evaluation, we show that the time and storage overhead introduced through the security architecture for DDS comes with acceptable proportions for large P2P applications.


Signing the relevant business contract with the copyright owner or the others is an essential skill and important responsibility at work for book editor. The contract is the important asset and the main basis for protecting the legitimate rights and interests of both sides. This paper offers some specific example, analyses about how to sign the contract legally and normally and puts forward some relevant suggestions to avoid unknown risks due to signing the improper contract.


Shield tunnels assembled with general ring segments are widely used in urban areas. Segment assembly methods and widths cause changes in the mechanical properties of the structure and influence the seismic response of shield tunnels. To investigate the influence of the assembly method and width of the general ring segment on the seismic performance of a shield tunnel, a three-dimensional refined soil–structure dynamic interaction finite element model of the shield tunnel was established based on ABAQUS, and the mechanical response and joint deformation of the general ring lining under seismic loads were studied. The simulation results show the following: (i) The overall deformation of the tunnel lining is not significantly affected by the assembly method, and the difference is only 5.24% under a 0.4 g earthquake. (ii) The seismic responses of general ring tunnels with different assembly methods are quite different, and the mechanical properties of the shield tunnel assembled with the straight assembly method are better than those of the shield tunnel assembled with staggered joints, but the deformation of the structure is larger. Under the action of a 0.1 g earthquake, the radial force, circumferential force, and bending moment of the staggered 90° assembly tunnel are respectively reduced by 13.6%, 11.1%, and 17.8% compared with the staggered 45° assembly structure, but the maximum intra-opening deformation increases by 0.19, 0.58, and 2.4 mm, respectively. (iii) The internal force distribution of the bolts is controlled by the deformation of the joint; compared with the CF90 and TF assembled tunnels, the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the CF45 and CF90 assembled tunnels are more reasonable. (iv) The extrados and intrados joint opening deformation and shear dislocation of the 1.2 m wide general ring segment under the staggered assembly increase by 1.2 mm and 1.03 mm, respectively, compared with the 1.5 m wide segment, while the radial force, circumferential force, and bending moment are reduced by 24.4%, 36.5%, and 41.7%, respectively, indicating that the seismic performance of the shield tunnel with a segment width of 1.5 m is better than that of the shield tunnel with a width of 1.2 m.


This work introduces a relative diffusion transformation (RDT) a simple unitary transformation which acts in a subspace, localized by an oracle. Such a transformation can not be fulfilled on quantum Turing machines with this oracle in polynomial time in general case. It is proved, that every function f : ω −→ ω, card(ω) = 4, computable in time T (n) and space S(n) on classical 1-dimensional cellular automaton, can be computed with certainty in time O(T S) on quantum computer with RDTs over the parts of intermediate products of classical computation. This requires multiprocessor, which consists of √ T quantum devices P1, P2, . . . , PT of O(S(n)) size, working in parallel-serial mode and interacting by classical lows. Such a function can be computed only in time O(S4T/T1) on a conventional quantum computer with oracle for intermediate results of the time T1 of classical computations.


The CDS region and partial sequence of 3′UTR of the yak CAPN3 gene were cloned using RT-PCR with specific primers that designed according to cDNA sequence of bovine CAPN3 gene in the GenBank so as to analyze the bioinformatics of putative protein.The results showed that the yak CAPN3 gene contained a 2 469bp CDS region(GenBank accession no:JX112349.1)and encoded a putative 822 amino acids(GenBank accession no:AFP73395.1).Ten SNPs and corresponding three amino acid mutations in function region of protein were identified through alignment with bovine CAPN3 gene sequence.The putative molecular weight and theory isoelectric point of CAPN3 gene in yak were 94.58ku and 5.70,respectively.There was a hydrophobic region inⅢregion of yak CAPN3.The putative secondary structure of CAPN3 was mixed type with mainlyα-helices and random coil.Deduced amino acid sequences of CAPN3 gene between yak and bovine,sheep,wild boar and other species were high on homology and the phylogenetic distance consistent with their genetic relationship.


The results of the complex influence of the row spacing and seeding rate on the grain yield sorghum of various ripeness group in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. The studies were carried out during 2019–2021 on the fields of the farming «Dyunis» of the Kreminsky district of the Lugansk region. A three-factor experiment was laid by a rando-mized method in four repetitions. In the experiment, three variant of the row spacing were studied – 35, 45 and 70 cm, two hybrids – Swat and Flagg and four variants of the seeding rate – 100, 140, 180 and 220 thousand pieces/ha. The area of sowing and accounting plots was 100 and 80 m2 respectively. From the point of view of the yield of both sorghum hybrids, the best option was the combination of sowing with row spacing of 35 cm with a seeding rate of 180 thousand seeds/ha. The yield of Swat and Flagg hybrids on average for three years in this variant was 6.28 and 5.07 t/ha, respectively. Increasing the seeding rate to 220 thousand units/ha did not provide a significant increase in grain yield. Only in 2019, favorable for sorghum, was a significant increase in grain yield of the Flagg hybrid noted with an increase in the seeding rate from 180 to 220 thousand units/ha. At the same time, taking into account that the weather condition of the study area are more characterized by high summer temperatures and a significant deficit of precipitation, during the sowing of Swat and Flagg hybrids, as well as hybrids close to them in term of biotype, preference should be given to the seeding rate of 180 thousand pieces/ha. In the context of years of research, certain differences were noted regarding the influence of the seeding rate. In particular, in the less favourable 2020, on variant with row spacing of 35 and 45 cm, the grain yield of both hybrids on variant with a seeding rate of 180 and 220 thousand pieces/ha did not differ statistically, while on variants with row spacing of 70 cm, its increase led to a significant decrease in yield. In 2019, the highest grain yield of the studied hybrids on variants with row spacing of 35 cm was noted at a seeding rate of 220 thousand pieces/ha (6.77 t/ha for the Flagg hybrid and 5.51 t/ha for the Swat hybrid). At the same time, on the crops of the Flagg hybrid, it significantly exceeded the yield on the variant with a seeding rate of 180 thousand pieces/ha (by 0.16 t/ha), while in the Swat hybrid it was at same level – 5.51 and 5.45 t/ha respectively (LSD05 – 0.16 t/ha).
Key words: grain sorghum, seeding rates, row spacing, grain yield, hybrids, feeding area shape, grain.


Integrability of systems in N = 2 dimensions possessing a non-trivial scaling symmetry is reformulated in the context of dynamical symmetries and solvable Lie algebras. A method to construct integrable (Lagrangians) from a dynamical vector field subjected to a scaling symmetry is proposed.


programmable data processing system keyboard also having a processor, a memory storing the tables of the functions of the keyboard, and a display device for displaying data returned by the keyboard. The function of a key on the keyboard can be redefined by 1) key operation called > redefinition of functions by passing the system of execution mode to redefine functions 2) actuation of the selected key, whose function is to be redefined, 3) actuation of the keys whose functions are to be executed sequentially by the subsequent actuation of the selected key, 4) actuating the key redefinition > to return in the execution mode. This system allows the user to adapt standard equipment to its particular needs.


With the development of the cooperation between local governments in China,assessing the relationship state between local governments becomes the main field of public administration research.This study,based on the theory of supply and demand,the matrix as a tool,definition of institution maturity and the maturity of the local government,built the matrix model that can evaluate the state of cooperation maturity between local governments in China.


Preface Table of Cases Table of Statutes 1. Offer and Acceptance 2. Certainty of Terms and Intention 3. Consideration 4. Minors' Contracts 5. Terms of the Contract 6. Exclusion Clauses 7. Misrepresentation 8. Improper Pressure 9. Mistake 10. Illegality and Restraint of Trade 11. Frustration 12. Damages 13. Equitable Remedies 14. Privity of Contract 15. Mixed Questions Index


Most of the previous research on the fatigue of reinforcing bars has been based on constant amplitude fatigue tests performed in a noncorrosive environment. Fatigue in a corrosive environment, known as corrosion fatigue, can result in a synergistic damage mechanism that is worse than the combined damage of corrosion and fatigue acting separately. Variable amplitude fatigue loading can lead to fatigue failures even when the majority of cyclic loads are below the constant amplitude fatigue limit. Although engineers have tried to prevent corrosion of reinforcing steel by using alternative materials, there are few published reports on the fatigue resistance of these products. This study presents the periodic overload and corrosion-fatigue resistance of machined specimens made from two corrosion resistant reinforcing steels: MMFX microcomposite and 316LN stainless steel. A series of constant amplitude and periodic overload tests were performed in both laboratory air and in an aqueous 3.5% by weight NaCl solution to compare the fatigue resistance of these materials with conventional reinforcing steel. MMFX had reduced constant amplitude performance in the corrosive environment, whereas 316LN stainless steel showed no environmental reduction under constant amplitude loading (except at high loads). Periodic overload fatigue results in laboratory air were similar to that found with conventional reinforcing steel, with much shorter periodic overload lifespans compared to constant amplitude loading. Corrosion fatigue reduced the periodic overload performance of both materials, although both materials retained their intrinsic fatigue limit (250 MPa stress range) in the corrosive environment, a drastic improvement over the periodic overload corrosion-fatigue performance of conventional reinforcing steel.


The charged domain walls in ferroelectric materials exhibit intriguing physical properties. We examine herein the charged-domain-wall structures in Ca$_{3-x}$Sr$_x$Ti$_2$O$_7$ using transmission electron microscopy. When viewed along the [001] axis, the wavy charged domain walls are observed over a wide range ($>$5 $\mu$m). In contrast, short charged-domain-wall fragments (from 10 to 200 nm long) occur because they are intercepted and truncated by the conventional 180$^°$ domain walls. These results reveal the unusual charged domain structures in Ca$_{3-x}$Sr$_x$Ti$_2$O$_7$ and will be useful for understanding their formation process.


Momentum continues to be the prime embarrassment to asset pricing models, even for mature equity market such as US. We tested the applicability of momentum strategies in India, a fast-growing emerging market. We found that momentum returns that are missed by CAPM, are partially explained by the Fama-French three factor model. However, whether the extra momentum could be attributed to investor under reaction or a missing risk factor is a debatable issue that needs further examination. The persistence of momentum in the post-holding periods lends further support to a rational explanation for momentum profits.


This article is intended to update the practical research in arc flash while avoiding the specifics of any method. Personal protective equipment (PPE) in the electric arc has been evolving since the early 1990s. With the introduction of safety and health standards of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and arc test methods of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International, the growth of PPE knowledge and the proliferation of PPE for electric arc has grown throughout the world. In 1995, National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 70E began addressing arc-flash boundaries, and National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) added the safety requirements for electrical safety. Misunderstandings and errors in marketing still abound, but knowledgeable users, manufacturers, and researchers have helped to make materials more comfortable, protective, and available for many more work situations. OSHA 1910.269 in 1994, NESC in 2007, NFPA 70E in 2000, 2004, and 2009, and now Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Z462 have codified the clothing for electric arc. The International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC) standards use the open arc method developed in the United States and Canada and kept current in ASTM and the box method developed in Germany to offer an International Standards Organization (ISO) path for arcflash research. Brazil, Peru, Russia, South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and, recently, China are codifying laws related to arc-flash PPE, so the international focus is critical. The international method ASTMF1959 is still the ipso facto standard because of its maturity and repeatability. Other methods provide insight to arc phenomena such as plasma and molten metal expulsion. Research continues with the purpose of improving worker protection, but the two characteristics of preventing ignition and melting materials from being used in arc flash and maintaining a shell of protection during the arc are not easily surpassed with other methods.


Some evidence for RIP among the G7 nations is evident over the time period 1970:1 to 2003:12. This is based on a smooth cointegration analysis of real interest rates on 3 month treasury bills. However, the strength of association weakens when the cointegration analysis is applied in 3 sub-periods 1970:1-1980:12, 1981:1-1990:12 and 1991:1-2003:12. There is evidence of 1 cointegrating vector in the first sub-period, 3 in the second and 2 in the third. We find from a graphical analysis of the trace statistic and eigenvalues from recursive estimation that breaks in the cointegrating vector occur simultaneously with the two oil price shocks in the 1970s, the 1990 recession, the Asian crisis in 1997 and the effects of the September 11 holocaust. This outcome is confirmed formally. The major finding is that the 5 shocks also cause structural instability in the cointegration of G7 rates. The implications are explained.


In recent years,with the road traffic increasing rapidly in our country t,he road transport enterprise major accidents have accurred,which greatly affect social stability.The paper introduces the prevention of road traffic accidents and the relevant research situation,and proposes the road transportation enterprise traffic accident prevention countermeasures.


The high reliability of data access has become a problem faced by many companies, institutions, and universities. For this reason, a protocol required that can protect the network from a communication breakdown. One method used to maintain communication is by implementing a protocol redundancy system.  One or more routers will act as the primary router for load balancing, and some routers are in standby mode if one main router is down. First hop redundancy protocols (FHRP) is a protocol that implements redundancy and load balancing systems. This protocol can transfer access data traffic if one of the routers on the network is down. FHRP divided into virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) and gateway load balancing Protocol (GLBP). This research analyzes the design and implementation to provide information about the quality of VRRP and GLBP services on the main router and the backup router, by using an application graphical network simulator (GNS) simulation 3. In the GNS3 application, a LAN network topology is designed with eight router devices in the form of a ring topology using RIPv2 and OSPF routing protocols, then implemented in protocols VRRP and GLBP. The analysis results show that GLBP can back up the network faster than VRRP when the primary router is down. If implemented into a LAN network with RIPv2 and OSPF routing protocols, VRRP has better service quality than GLBP.


Mixture of two pure ionic liquids (ILs), or double salt ILs (DSILs), can push limits of ILs in terms of unraveling unique physicochemical properties and potential in clean technology. While correlated ion-dynamics and heterogeneity in the bulk of pure ILs has been reported, such phenomenon at longer timescale in DSILs never been elucidated. Here, a combination of temperature-dependent polarized dynamic light scattering (DLS) and rheological measurements has been employed to reveal the presence of structural and ultraslow relaxation in three DSILs - each containing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and two different anions. The slow relaxation caused by Brownian diffusion of cluster-like arrangements occurs at a timescale of a few to several-hundred milliseconds; both the relaxation processes, nevertheless, are Arrhenius in nature. Notably, slow relaxation in the DSILs is much different compared to the pure ILs. Decay of intensity correlation functions (ICFs), average hydrodynamic correlation length of the clusters and their response to temperature markedly vary with the nature of the two anions present in the DSILs. Stretched exponential analyses of the ICFs disclose cluster-to-cluster transfer of ionic species as well as percolation dynamics among clusters. Identity of the anions also governs whether the DSILs follow or violate the Stokes-Einstein relationship or not.


Multimorbidity is an urgent problem of modern medicine, associated with a greater severity and more serious prognosis of diseases, a large number of complications, difficulty and the high cost of diagnosis and treatment. The study of the quality of life of patients with multimorbidity is necessary for the competent distribution of health resources. Aim of the study was to investigate the effect of transnozologic multimorbidity (TMM) on the components of quality of life (QoL) in patients of a therapeutic clinic. Material and methods. A total of 116 patients, men and women aged 20 to 75 years were examined at the clinic of the Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine in Novosibirsk. TMM was evaluated by the average number of nosologies corresponding to the three-digit classification of ICD-10. Assessment of QoL indicators was carried out using the validated questionnaire SF-36. To assess the number and severity of chronic diseases in the structure of TMM, the CIRS (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale) system was used. Results. Depending on the severity of TMM, 3 groups of patients were formed – with low (n = 42), medium (n = 52) and high TMM (n = 22). A comparative analysis of indicators of QoL, as well as TMM structure in 3 groups was carried КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА СИБИРСКИЙ НАУЧНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ ЖУРНАЛ 2021; 41 (1): 91–99


± IL-2; ie, biochemotherapy) in an attempt to improve both response rates and overall survival (OS) in the advanced setting. A metaanalysis by Ives et al, evaluated the effect of adding interferon- (cid:450) (IFN (cid:450) ) ± interleukin-2 (IL-2) to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma (Ives et al. 2007). Data was extracted from 18 trials with more than 2600 patients. Eleven trials (1395 patients) evaluated chemotherapy ± IFN and seven trials (1226 patients) evaluated chemotherapy ± IFN and IL-2. Patients treated with biochemotherapy had increased PR (odds ratio = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.82; p=0.0001), CR (odds ratio = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.73; p=0.0003), and overall response rate (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.72; p<0.00001). There was a significant increase in overall response rate (ORR) for both the immunotherapy subgroups; IFN (odds ratio = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.79; p=0.0002) and IFN+IL-2 (odds ratio = 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.77; p=0.0001). For PR (test for heterogeneity between subgroups; p=0.08) and CR (p=0.007) there was some evidence of a difference in treatment effect dependent on the type of immunotherapy used (IFN or IFN + IL-2). Biochemotherapy delayed the time to disease progression (odds ratio = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.89; p=0.0001), with no evidence of heterogeneity between individual trials or between the type of immunotherapy used. p=0.9). Toxicity data was available only from 11 trials. Hematological toxicity was higher in the biochemotherapy arm but the treatment-related deaths rate was similar (0.6% vs 0.9%, p=0.6) for biochemotherapy group and chemotherapy group, respectively. These data suggest no benefit form adding IL-2 or IFN to chemotherapy. Surgery continues to be the mainstay treatment for melanoma localized to the primary tumor and/or lymph nodes. Results from randomized controlled trials indicate that sentinel node biopsy for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma of intermediate thickness has a beneficial effect on recurrence rates, and adjuvant radiotherapy to regional lymph node fields following surgical resection reduces loco-regional recurrence in patients at high risk of relapse. Isolated limb perfusion, electrochemotherapy, and photodynamic therapy continue to be evaluated for treatment of stage IV disease. However, the greatest excitement in new treatment has been with targeted therapies for genetic mutations. In particular, the promising results of partial and complete tumor response in stage IV disease from early phase trials of the B-RAF kinase inhibitors. This book provides a contemporary insight into the therapeutic treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma and is relevant to clinicians and researchers worldwide. In addition, an update on current clinical trials for melanoma treatment has been included, and two chapters have been reserved to discuss the treatment of oral and uveal melanoma.


NEPE propellant has been exposed to different temperature and humidity environment.Mechanical properties,gel fraction and content of stabilizers have been measured to investigate humidity-heat combination aging characteristic of the propellant.Results show that the humidity-heat aging of NEPE propellants is expressed as a combination of physical aging and chemical aging.The physical aging is in character of humidity aging: mechanical properties change rapidly at first and then slowly as time extending,finaly trend to fixed values.The chemical aging is in character of heat aging: there is a plateau of mechanical properties at the beginning,then a rapid drop succeeds to,and a low plat roof appears in the end.There are cooperative effects in humidity-heat combination stress aging: humidity accelerates chemical aging,and temperature increases depth and velocity of the physical aging.The basic chemical characteristic of heat-humidity aging of NEPE propellants is similar to that of heat aging.But humidity accelerates the depletion of stabilizers and the decomposition of binder network.Namely,humidity decreases apparent active energy of heat aging.


The removal of Zn(II) ions from aqueous solution was studied using natural, thermally-activated and acid-activated kaolinite samples at different temperatures. The linear Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin– Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption equations were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The Langmuir constants for natural kaolinite were found to be negative whereas, for the other samples, the isotherm models gave a good fit. In addition, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models were used to determine the kinetic data. The experimental data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as the enthalpy (ΔH0), Gibbs' free energy (ΔG0) and entropy (ΔS0) were calculated for natural, thermally-activated and acid-activated kaolinite. These values showed that the adsorption of Zn(II) ions onto activated kaolinite was controlled by a physical mechanism and occurred spontaneously. The process of adsorption was favoured at high temperatures, with the adsorption capacity of the acid-activated kaolinite being greater relative to that of natural and thermally-activated kaolinite at various temperatures.


Although the effective diffusion coefficient for gases is inversely related to barometric pressure, rates of daily water loss during natural incubation and final water contents of pipped embryos are independent of altitude in eggs of redwinged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) breeding from sea level to 3,050 m. These results indicate that the increase in diffusion of water vapor from the egg has been offset in some manner in populations of this species breeding at high altitudes. Eggs of redwinged blackbirds and robins (Turdus migratorius) breeding from sea level to 3,050 and 3,450 m, respectively, were analyzed for eggshell conductance, egg mass, water content, shell thickness, and incubation temperature. Of these, eggshell conductance showed the only meaningful relation to barometric pressure and may serve to control rates of gaseous diffusion at high altitudes.


AbstractMany high-piled wharves were built in the last century, and some wharf members have been damaged over decades of operation. It is important to use effective means to evaluate the safety sta...


A scheme for optimal deterministic entanglement concentration is proposed, and its corresponding optical realization based on a cavity-assisted linear optical system is presented. In this scheme, the quantum circuit devised is simpler than that built in [Y. J. Gu, et al. (2006), Phys. Rev. A. 73, 022321], as it requires the minimum ancillary dimensions and the number of unitary operations. Moreover, we show that, by introducing a path-polarization entanglement state based on the direct sum extension method, three elementary controlled phase-flip gates between two photons are sufficient in the design of its optical realization scheme, making it easy to be implemented from the experimental point of view. Meanwhile, the scheme is verified effective to recover highly entangled pairs from mixed states.


Based on recent field research, the paper suggests an interpretative model of territorial government in France. Relations between national and local authorities as well as policy- making processes suggest that the centralized State has faced a major decline of its hegemony and that decentralization reforms have induced a polycentric dynamics. Seven basic characteristics and three key properties of the model are discussed. The emerging model fits neither a new localism nor a new centralism pattern. It is the product of on-going incremental trade-offs between centrifugal and centripetal rationales. This complexity reflects a situation that is under the rather conservative and tight control of national politicians holding multiple local elected mandates.


This descriptive study aimed to study the situation of end-of-life patients attending the palliative care unit at Ban Muang Hospital, Sakon Nakhon province. Data from fiscal year 2016 (from October 2015 to September 2016) and fiscal year 2017 (from October 2016 to September 2017) was gathered from the hospital's electronic record program, HosXP, and questionnaires. A total of 243 patients were attended at the palliative unit. The number of patients increased from 113 in fiscal year 2016 to 130 in fiscal year 2017. The majority of them were diagnosed as cancer (65.84%). The three most common physical health problems found in the patients were pain, dyspnea, and weakness. The three most common psychological problems were anxiety, depression and fear. The main caregivers were their children, spouses and other relatives, respectively. The average satisfaction score of relatives for the service of palliative care unit was high (2.96 (SD=0.21) and 2.97(SD=0.17) in fiscal year 2016 and 2017, respectively). Keywords : End of life patients, Palliative care


By managing so that a tuberous root forming place and a nutrient-absorbing place could be distinguished, the authors made these experiments to probe the effects of aeration treatment to each place and the amount of fertilizer (ammonium sulfate and potassium sulfate) on the growth of the top parts and the thickening of tuberous root. The results obtained may by summarized as follows. 1) The authors investigated the effects of aeration treatment in the soil where nutrient-absorbing chiefly took place, the condition of the soil where tuberous root was fomed being equal. As a result, it was observed that the growth of the top parts and the thickening of tuberous root were checked by the poor of the soil aeration and the soil compaction of a nutrient-absorbing place. However, when air was injected and O2 concentration in soil air was increased, the growth of the top parts and the thickening of tuberous root were remarkably promoted. On the other hand, when N gas was injected in that place and O2 concentration in soil air was decreased, the growth of non-tuberous root was promoted and the weight of the top parts increased, although the thickening of tuberous root was hampered and its weight decreased. When the soil of a nutrient-absorbing place was loose and the soil aeration was kept to be excellent, both the growth of the top parts and the thickening of tuberous root were greatly promoted and-the weight of tuberous root could be increased. 2) The authors examined the effects of fertilizer treatment to a tuberous root-forming place and a nutrient-absorbing place on the thickening of tuberous root. As a result, it was found that to apply much nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) promoted the growth of the top parts remarkably but hampered the thickening of tuberous root to some extent. On the other hand, to apply a great deal of potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) hardly affected the growth of the top parts. but promoted the thickening of tuberous root and increased its weight. 3) The authors examined the effects of soil aeration to tuberous root-forming place on the growth of the top parts and the thickening of tuberous root, the condition of a nutrient-absorbing place being equal (in water culture). When N gas was injected in the soil and of concentration in soil air was decreased, the growth of the top parts was not affected so much, but the thickening of tuberous root was checked and its weight was decreased considerably.


Bone marrow transplant (hematopoietic stem cell transplant) (HPSCT) involves the administration of healthy hematopoietic stem cells in patients with dysfunctional or depleted bone marrow. This helps to augment bone marrow function and allows, depending on the disease being treated, to either destroy tumor cells with malignancy or to generate functional cells that can replace the dysfunctional ones in cases like immune deficiency syndromes, hemoglobinopathies, and other diseases. History and Evolution Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was first explored in humans in the 1950s and was based on observational studies in mice models which showed that infusion of healthy bone marrow components into a myelosuppressed bone marrow could induce recovery of its function in the recipient. These animal-based studies soon found their clinical application into humans when the first successful bone marrow transplant was performed in monozygotic twins in New York in 1957 (syngeneic transplant) in a patient with acute leukemia. As a result, the physician Dr. Thomas who performed the procedure continued his research on the development of bone marrow transplantation and later received the Nobel Prize of physiology and medicine in appreciation of his work. The first successful allogeneic bone marrow transplant was reported in Minnesota in 1968 for a pediatric patient with severe, combined immunodeficiency syndrome. Since then, allogeneic and autologous stem cell transplant has increased in the United States and worldwide. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) reported over 8000 allogenic transplants performed in the United States in 2016 with a higher number of autologous transplants with a steady and higher increase of autologous compared to allogenic. Definitions Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) The group of genes on the short arm of chromosome 6 (p6) that encodes human leukocyte antigens (HLA) which are considered being highly polymorphic leading to a large difference in the resultant expressed proteins on human cells. They are divided into MHC I and MHC II Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) These are the proteins expressed on the cellular surface and play an important role in alloimmunity. HLA can be divided into (HLA-A, B, and C) which are encoded by class I MHC and are expressed on all cell types and present peptides derived from the cytoplasm and are recognized by CD8+ T cells. The other HLA type is classified as (HLA- DP, DQ, and DR) which are encoded by MHC II and can be found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and this class is recognized by CD4+ T cells. Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation The donor and the recipient are identical twins. The advantages include no graft versus host disease (GVHD) and no graft failure. However, only a tiny number of transplant patients will have the ability to have an identical twin for transplantation. Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation The bone marrow products are collected from the patient and are reinfused after purification methods. The advantages include no GVHD. The disadvantage is that the bone marrow products may contain abnormal cells that can cause relapse in the case of malignancy hence; theoretically, this method cannot be used in all cases of abnormal bone marrow diseases. Allogenic Transplantation The donor is an HLA matched family member, unrelated matched donor or mismatched family donors (haploidentical). Engraftment The process of which infused transplanted hematopoietic stem cells produce mature progeny in the peripheral circulation Preparative Regimen This is a regimen that comprises high-dose chemotherapy and/or total body irradiation (TBI) which are administered to the recipient prior to stem cell infusion to eliminate the largest number of malignant cells and to allow for immunosuppression in the recipient so that engraftment can occur.


The utility model belongs to the electrolyzing water generating devices, relating to an electrolytic tank of the electrolyzing water devices with convenient dirt removal. A base provided with a periphery electrode, a center electrode and a raw water inlet is supported by and sealed with a cylindrical cover body. The bottom surface of the base is provided with the leading-out terminals of the periphery electrode and the center electrode. The upper end of the cylindrical cover body is sheathed with a top cover provided with an acidic ion water outlet and an alkaline ion water outlet. The two ends of the diaphragm arranged between the periphery electrode and the center electrode are respectively positioned on the base and the top cover. The alkaline ion water outlet of the top cover is provided with a connecting channel with the inner side of the diaphragm and the acidic ion water outlet is communicated with the outside space of the diaphragm. The top cover of the electrolytic tank can be taken off with a simple operation by the user and next the diaphragm easy to accumulate dirt can be extracted out to be cleaned. The thorough dirt cleaning can be processed by further breaking up the periphery electrode, the center electrode and the cylindrical cover body. The structure of the electrolyzing slot is helpful for the usage of the electrolytic tank without dirt, which can not only obtain stable electrolyzing water quality but also relatively prolong the service life of the electrolytic tank.


This special issue explores whether the heuristics "macro" and "micro" capture the most important levels of explanation in the anthropology of education. Recent work suggests that we must move beyond a macro–micro approach. This introduction sketches reasons for going beyond macro and micro and reviews alternative approaches to explaining cultural and educational processes. The following articles illustrate such alternatives and develop their own arguments about macro, micro, and other relevant scales. [timescales, agency, structure, language use, social theory]


Despite an absolute prohibition of torture, its practice is common in the fight against terrorism. This article investigates whether, in practice, this absolute prohibition is uncontested and whether states have the opportunity to derogate from this prohibition in the case of extreme necessity. To answer this question, causal theory – the theory behind the necessity defence – is elaborated on. Treaty law and customary law, both sources of international law, are also analysed. Many states use torture as an interrogation method, and both domestic and international law might provide for exclusion of criminal liability. These findings show that the absolute prohibition of torture is far from uncontested, which could indicate a paradigm shift away from a peremptory norm in international law.


AIM To observe the influence of rapid eye movement(REM)sleep deprivation on express- ions of the glucose-regulated protein,GRP78 and GRP94 in the rats cerebral cortex,hippocampus and medulla oblongata on different sleep deprivation stages.METHODS Eighty Wistar rats were distributed randomly into sleep deprivation(SD,n=40)group,revival sleep(RS,n=20)group,tank control(TC,n=10)group and cage control(CC,n=10)group.The SD group was divided into 4 subgroups,including the rats'sleep deprivation for 1,3,5d and 7d separately.The RS group was divided into two subgroup,including revival sleep of 6h and 12h.The modified multiple platform methods(MMPM)were established in the REM sleep- deprived rats at different time.The Streptavdin-peroxidase-biotin(SP)immunohistochemistry methods and RT- PCR techniques were used to detect the distribution system and time and space changes of GRP78 and GRP94 expressions in the rat frontal cortex,hippocampus and medulla oblongata.RESULTS Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that compared with those of the rats in TC and CC,the expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 protein increased on 1d after SD in the cortex and hippocampus region(P0.05),and reached the highest on d 3 after SD.While on d 5 and d 7 after SD,the expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 were not different from those of TC and CC(P0.05).The expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 protein have no obvious changes in the medulla region.Only expressions of GRP94 increased in the medulla after revival sleep.RT-PCR showed that the transcription of GRP78 increased 'after one 1d after SD,and reached the highest on d 3,and no improvement on d 5 and d 7 after SD.The transcription of GRP94 had no improvement during SD.The transcription of GRP78 and GRP94 increased after revival sleep.The changes of the GRP proteins expressions on d 3 were the most obvious in the cerebral cortex region(P0.01),then in the hippocampus region(P0.05).CONCLUSION The expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 increased gradually after the short time of sleep deprivation.It might be a kind of self-protection mechanism of the body.Endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction occurred after the long time of sleep deprivation and the expressions of GRP78 and GRP94 decreased.In the cerebral cortex region there were strongly protective reactions to endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by sleep deprivation.


Many methods based on the morphological notion of shapes (i.e., connected components of level sets) have been proved to be very efficient in shape recognition and shape analysis. The inclusion relationship of the level lines (boundaries of level sets) forms the tree of shapes, a tree-based image representation with a high potential. Numerous applications using this tree representation have been proposed. In this article, we propose an efficient algorithm that extracts a set of disjoint level lines in the image. These selected level lines yield a simplified image with clean contours, which provides an intuitive idea about the main structure of the tree of shapes. Besides, we obtain a saliency map without transition problems around the contours by weighting level lines with their significance. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of our method.


A new and simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-phenoxyethanol, methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, iso-butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate and n-butyl-p-hydroxybenzoate preservatives in senselle lubricant formulation. The seven compounds were separated on a C18 ChromSpher polymeric octadecylsilane (ODS)-encapsulated spherical silica column with acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-water, 22:14:64 (v/v/v) as mobile phase at flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The analysis was performed with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 258 nm. The analysis time was <15 min. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, specificity, and limits of detection and quantitation. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the concentration range of 5.4–217 µg/mL. The correlation coefficients were ≥0.9996 in each case. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for intra- and inter-day precision studies were <1%. The procedure describe here is simple, selective, and is suitable for routine quality control analysis and stability tests.


The focus of this research is how the character of students religiosity in SMK Negeri 2 Malang,, the values of religuised characters instilled based on religious education, and the formation method of character religious students in SMK Negeri 2 Malang. This research used a qualitative approach. With this type of case study research. The collection of data through in-depth observation, interviews and documentation studies. Research informants are headmaster of SMK N 2 Malang, Islamic teacher, religious teacher for non Muslim, general teachers, administrative departments (TU), Muslim students, and non Muslim students. This research used purposive sampling and with snowball sampling technic. Checking the validity of the data, Condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing / verifications. The research showed that (1). The religiosity character of students in SMK Negeri 2 Kota Malang is highly variable, one of the background behind is their family, Then the religious character of students there are three categories, including very religious, religious and less of religious, (2). The process of implementation values of religious characters to students based on religious education at SMK Negeri 2 Malang are includes: Greetings, shaking hands, reading Asmaul Husna every morning, praying together before and after lessons, Dhuha prayers, zuhr prayer in congregation, Istighosah, Friday Prayers, deepening of the Qur'an every Saturday, (3). Methods of forming religious character include: exemplary/habituate method, question and answer method, discourse method, and problem solving method.


A transmitting apparatus, a receiving apparatus and a wireless communication method for suppressing interference between codes, while further reducing the ratio of redundant components occupying a signal to improve the transmission efficiency. The transmitting apparatus (100) transmits a signal having a frame structure in which a plurality of symbols follow a pilot symbol to which a guard interval has been added. In the receiving apparatus (200) that receives that signal, a long FFT target section acquiring part (202) acquires, from the received OFDM signal, a long FFT target section that is a target section in which delay waves are to be removed by use of a pilot symbol. A long FFT part (203) performs a fast Fourier transformation of the long FFT target section to convert it to a frequency domain signal. A frequency equalizing part (204) performs a frequency equalization of the long FFT target section by use of an interpolation result of communication line estimation value. A long IFFT part (205) performs an inverse fast Fourier transformation of the long FFT target section as frequency equalized to convert it back to a time domain signal.


Nishibe et al. proposed that simple renal cysts (SRC) were present in the majority of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Also, the presence of SRC was an independent predictor of increased arterial stiffness like with increased age and hypertension. Parameters of hypertension and high systolic blood pressure (>140 mmHg) were both included in the multivariable regression analysis. As the two parameters are correlated and converge with each other, it could have been better to include only one of them in the regression model. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic arrhythmia and its prevalence increases with age. Although it was reported that non-invasive measurement of arterial stiffness is reliable in patients with AF, it was demonstrated that pulse wave velocity reduced after cardioversion due to the decreased mean arterial pressure. Mean arterial pressure may change beat to beat in AF, and therefore it may affect the results of arterial stiffness measurement. As the study population is older and with a high burden of comorbidities, there must be a proportion of cases with AF. It would be useful to document if patients with AF were excluded or not. There is emerging evidence about the favorable effects of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers on arterial stiffness. Vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties of RAS blockers are the main mechanisms of reversing arterial stiffness. Novel anti-diabetic agents like DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors have favorable effects on arterial stiffness. In the Nishibe et al. study, the use of RAS blockers and oral antidiabetic agents was not assessed. These parameters might have influenced the results.


The proposed system exploits the emerging smart glass technology to perform agile positioning for indoor environments, which is infrastructure-free and does not rely on an existing map. The system takes the unique advantages of smart glasses and fuses the first-person Point of View (POV) images with the sensory data to achieve accurate localisation.


Clinicians have been urged to play their part in helping the NHS to reduce its carbon footprint.

The NHS emits one million tonnes of carbon a year as one of the largest and most resource hungry organisations in the world, says a report published by the independent think tank the New Economics Foundation.

The report, produced for the NHS Confederation (the body that represents NHS organisations), says that the NHS spends around £400m (€600m; $800m) every year on energy and that it must take steps to try to reduce the effect this is having on the environment.

Every year, says …


reopened as an ultra-luxury complex that includes a Four Seasons hotel, condominiums, two restaurants, and four swimming pools to complement its 900 feet of beachfront. The '30s era building was purchased by developer Fort Partners, local partner of Koc group, from the remaining members of the club. The complex was initially conceived by Miami-based architect Kobi Karp, who was later joined by modernist architect Richard Meier, interior designer Joseph Dirand, and landscape architect Fernando Wong. Restored to its former grandeur, it is now enveloped by glass towers. It could be argued that the project is recapturing the upper crust elegance of the original Surf Club, but remade at the scale and in the idiom of contemporary Miami Beach, a generational change that maintains the spirit of the place by reinterpreting it.


Images from specially‐commissioned aeroplane sorties (manned aerial vehicle, MAV), repeat unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys, and Planet CubeSat satellites are used to quantify dune and bar dynamics in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) techniques and application of a depth‐brightness model are used to produce a series of Digital Surface Models (DSMs) at low and near‐bankfull flows. A number of technical and image processing challenges are described that arise from the application of SfM in dry and submerged environments. A model for best practice is presented and analysis suggests a depth‐brightness model approach can represent the different scales of bedforms present in sandy braided rivers with low‐turbidity and shallow (< 2 m deep) water.


Disorders of myoglycogenolysis, such as myophosphorylase deficiency(McArdle's disease), and myoglycolysis, such as phosphofructokinase deficiency (Tarui disease), are characterized by electrically silent, exercise-provoked contractions called "contractures," premature exertional fatigue and excessive cardiovascular responses to exercise.1-3 McArdle's disease and Tarui disease as well as other disorders of myoglycolysis, such as phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency, phosphoglycerate mutase deficiency, and lactate dehydrogenase deficiency, are important to neurology because these disorders allow us to explore the interactions between muscle metabolism and muscle contraction.1 Beyond providing the power for movement, skeletal muscle is the largest protein store in the human body and is important in the regulation of glucose metabolism.4 The article by Haller et al.5 in this issue of Neurology focuses on physiologic alterations of skeletal muscle in McArdle's disease that contribute to exercise intolerance and exaggerated cardiovascular responses to exercise. Their work represents the collaboration of well-respected muscle physiologists from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

Contracture was initially thought to be similar to the rigor of rigor mortis. Ischemic exercise would deplete adenosine triphosphate (ATP) because the muscle fiber could not generate ATP through the glycolytic pathway under anaerobic conditions. Without …


Anjali Tandon National Council of Applied Economic Research email@example.com Investment decisions of firms are centred on location choice, investment magnitude, and selection of industry. Of these, information on location choice is the most asymmetric, making it is imperative to inform potential investors regarding the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of specific territorial choices within the country. In this article, Anjali Tandon highlights the importance of a systematic, evidence-based index that ranks Indian states based on investment potential.


Traditional domestic manual handling products have many unique characteristics according to cultural backgrounds. Although to complete one task, people are using different products in different contexts in Sri Lanka. These products have cultural (Sinhala, Tamil, Muslim) related practices, thinking patterns and different user experiences with a specific context. But after globalization these products have been developed and replaced with other products. Therefore, user perspectives, behaviors, and relationships with cultural products and users have changed. Therefore, research contains user experience in String Hopper Press ("Idiappa Wangediya") and its variations in many other cultures in Sri Lanka. Samples are selected according to the current use and available products in the market. The analysis is based on User Experience theories. Finally, traditional products used in different cultures have different user experiences that are gained from cultural values. Therefore, it is hard for users to adapt to other products from different cultures and hard to change usual behaviors with the product


Abstract : Active Noise Reduction (ANR) techniques, singly and in combination with passive hearing protectors, offer the potential for increased sound protection, enhanced voice communications and improved wearability features for personnel exposed to unacceptable noise conditions. An enhanced closed loop active noise reduction system was miniaturized and incorporated into a standard Air Force flight helmet (HGU-26/P). This report describes the theory of design and operation, prototype configuration and operation, and electroacoustic performance and specifications for the ANR system. This system is theoretically capable of producing in excess of 30 decibels of active noise reduction. Electroacoustic measurements on a flat palte coupler demonstrated approximately 20 decibels of active noise reduction with the prototype unit. A performance evaluation of the integrated ANR unit will be conducted under laboratory and field conditions by government personnel to determine the feasibility of the system for use in military applications. (Author)


A tri-band Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) array is proposed for WiFi, wireless LAN, and satellite applications in this paper. CDRA is massively demanded by various smart wireless devices. The claimed antenna array structure is developed and fabricated using an FR4 substrate having relative permittivity (εr) of 4.4. Microstrip power divider line is utilised for array excitation. The variation in return loss due to the effect of varying microstrip line length, dielectric resonator height, and ground plane height has been carefully recorded and presented using parametric study. The array structure is engineered for triple-band operations working at 2.4 GHz, 4.1 GHz, and 5.4 GHz frequencies. To achieve adequate bandwidth accompanied by acceptable gain is a very inspiring task. The proposed structure shows a promising maximum impedance bandwidth of 1.14 GHz (40%) and a maximum gain of 9 dBi. The return loss and radiation pattern computed through CST software are verified by practical measurements using VNA device and anechoic chamber atmosphere.


THE BIG NEWS IS that the wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi)family, known among techies as IEEE 802.11, is increasing by one member--802.11n. What does this mean to you? Let's start with a little background. First of all, the IEEE in IEEE 802.11 stands for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (www.ieee.org), which is a standards board. Its standard 802.11 applies to a reliable means of wireless data transfer. A new variation of the standard, 802.11n, was board-approved in January. It may be official by the time this is published--or perhaps not until the end of 2006. In any event, 802.11n was designed to provide true 100 Mbps throughput (a measure of speed of transmission), unlike the current variations of 802.11, which all suffer from large overhead burdens, which greatly reduce usable bandwidth. Why does bandwidth matter? Take, for example, 802.11g--the overhead eats up so much bandwidth that it reduces this version's theoretical throughput of 54 Mbps to an actual throughput of about 25 Mbps. So, although all wireless technology is shared among users within the vicinity of one wireless access point, this new development would increase the available bandwidth by a factor of four or more. But there are caveats. First, 802.11n uses a technique for signal transmission that differs from that used by 802.11b and g. 802.11n builds upon previous 802.11 standards by adding multiple-input, multiple output (MIMO) antennas. MIMO uses multiple transmitter and receiver antennas to increase data throughput. The primary implication is that end-user devices and access points will require hardware different from what is now in use. The other caveat concerns timing. Intel (www.intel.com.) is currently developing new chip sets for 802.11n for computer manufacturers to incorporate into new desktop computers and laptops. However, industry observers expect it will be sometime in 2007 before this hardware is widely available, and it may be three years before it becomes the dominant wireless large area network (WLAN) technology. The new interfaces will likely be designed to support all of the varieties of 802.11, so end devices could connect to whatever access points are available, including current 802.11b/g APs. However, once users have had a taste of the faster response time of 802.11n, they won't want to go back. So now may be the time to plan and budget for a phased replacement of your wireless APs--perhaps starting in the 2007-2008 or 2008-2009 school year. Thin Is In Anyone who has been around IT and education for a while knows the cyclical nature of centralization and decentralization. The WLAN industry is now moving toward centralized management of wireless networks. And since Cisco Systems (www.cisco.com) acquired a WLAN vendor specializing in thin access points about a year ago, this trend has accelerated. The significance of a thin access point is that it is designed to be small so that the bulk of the data processing has to occur at the switch instead. The idea is that the access points have little to do other than radiate and acquire signals, whereas the decisions about what is done with those signals are made in a WLAN switch at the main technology room. Issues such as channel assignments and overlaps are also sorted out by the switch. This makes APs both less expensive and less difficult to place. Overall initial costs work out to be similar, but in thin AP scenarios, ongoing management costs should be lower and replacement APs less costly. Voice Over Wireless LAN (VWLAN) The concept here is that a wireless network can also transport voice signals, allowing users to roam with wireless-enabled phones anywhere covered by a Wi-Fi network. The primary sticking points for this emerging technology are voice quality and 911 location identification. …


Each chapter is firmly based in the philosophy and policy of inclusion of people with disabilities, in all aspects of community life. Stephanie Bull quotes various Acts and Policy papers (in the UK), which are directed at the rights of disabled adults, and at moving from service led approaches towards personalised care. Inherent is these is the idea that being equal is not the same as being identical, that quality of life includes relationships, emotional, physical and material wellbeing, selfdetermination, and personal development, as well as social inclusion and rights in law. Similar legislation and similar philosophical and political approaches exist in Australia and New Zealand, so the discussion of these ideas, and their implementation (or lack of implementation), make the book very relevant to work in this field in both of these countries as well as in the United Kingdom.


Salmonella enteric serovar enteritidis is currently the most common serovar causing salmonellosis in human. The incidence of gastrointestinal infections caused by S. enteritidis has increased during the last decade. The aim of this study was to extract ESBL genes from S. enteriditis separated from clinical samples using multiplex PCR. In this study, 29 human fecal samples of Collections microbial Azad University's research were collected. After enrichment and isolation and DNA extraction SipB/C, CmlA/tetR, TEM, PSE-1genes by multiplex PCR were evaluated. A total of 29 clinical samples studied, 6 (68.20%) of the strains were positive for genes SipB / C, CmlA / tetR, TEM specimens were observed. Detection of S. enteritidis strains by molecular methods are very accurate and can be done quickly. Studying these genes in various other sources as well as the antibiotics profile is recommended.


Using statistics obtained from the Health and Safety Executive, compares accident rates occurring within the UK construction industry to the accident rates occurring within other industries; then assesses and discusses these. Results reveal that the construction industry is arguably the most hazardous industry and has consistently recorded a poor accident record. Off‐highway plant and equipment is a considerable contributor to the industry's infamous record. Then assesses accidents relating to individual plant items and discusses the underlying reasons for such accidents. Part of the problem stems from poor mechanical design but in the majority of cases the operator is at fault. Training programmes and initiatives have previously attempted to address this problem but regrettably the Provision and Use of Work Equipment regulations do not enforce mandatory training and certification. Provides a potential solution to this problem through the use of psychometric test development. Hypothesizes such an approach as representing a useful technique for both improving the skills and competence of existing operatives, and aiding the selection process when hiring new operatives.


Abstract : This paper develops the methodology to obtain polarization profiles of natural, day light scenes using a COTS (commercial-off-the-shelf) digital camera. It calculates the Stokes parameters for each scene pixel along with the degree of polarization, azimuth angle, sign and ellipticity for each of the color components. The noise characteristics of the digital camera are analyzed along with a detailed calibration of the imagery for target detection applications. A number of MatLab software programs were written including image analysis algorithms, graphics routines, polarization calculations and RGB value conversion to optical density. A pseudo color scheme was developed for encoding the various polarization parameters and comparing theoretical results with empirical data. Example imagery is presented of the generic methodology.


The major challenge of our society in the twenty-first century is the worldwide development of clean and sustainable sources of energy. Solutions for renewable energy generation on a global scale are crucial for countering the permanent threat of global warming, which requires us to act faster than the actual decline of fossil fuel reserves itself would necessitate. This message was clearly expressed and received by representatives of more than 190 nations at the recent UNO climate conference in Copenhagen, where politicians managed to keep alive the historic chance for a new, worldwide binding climate change agreement. As soon as we prioritize our worldwide responsibility over national interests, mankindwill face a hitherto unprecedented level of requirement for novelmaterials and technologies to enable the ambitious goals for reducing CO2 emission.


In order to obtain the real-time working state of machine tools, this experiment extracted the characteristics of machine tools using joint time-frequency analysis and wavelet packet analysis for the total current signal collected, to distinguish which machine is running. First, use joint time-frequency analysis on signal of a single machine to get different characteristics. And find some frequency points with amplitude changing significantly, preparing for the subsequent experiment. Then use wavelet packet analysis on the total signal of more than one machine, finding more obvious characteristics of the different machines with different speeds. Thus it is easy to identify which machine is working. By this experiment, we can save labor, improve efficiency and integrate information in system conveniently.


A commentary published a decade and a half ago in BMJ expounded on "Why the Hippocratic ideals are dead."1 This issue of Neurology ® Clinical Practice ( NCP ) both underscores challenges to these ancient Hippocratic tenets and pays homage to their enduring influence in the context of modern medicine.


The Jiuy Poetry Group adhere the new integrate tradition of realistic.Symbol and Xuanxue, and Xuanxue is in the highest level and is the remarkable character of their poetry.They adopt indistinct conception of Xuanxue whic tightly contact with perception and image. Xuanxue fulfic a key function through analysis to summarizing and is dispered in various poetry types.


In this paper, a new zero voltage transition (ZVT) resonant boost converter is proposed. A typical boost converter generates switching losses at turning on and turning off, and these losses cause a reduction in the efficiency of the whole system. This proposed ZVT resonant boost converter utilizes a soft switching method, using an auxiliary circuit with a resonant inductor, capacitor, and two auxiliary switches. Therefore, it can reduce switching losses more so than the conventional hard switching converter. Also, the conduction period of the resonant inductor current is reduced by using a modified circuit. An experiment is conducted with the converter, which steps up the voltage from 200 V to 380 V and its switching frequency and output power are 30 kHz and 4 kW, respectively. It is confirmed that the experimental results and simulation results are the same and the validity of this proposed converter is verified. The conventional converter and proposed converter are analyzed by comparing the experimental results of two converters under the same conditions. It is confirmed that all switches can achieve soft switching and the proposed converter improves on the conventional converter by measuring the efficiency of two converters.


The development of the e-commerce field revolutionized the practice of commerce by the addition of the possibility to connect buyers and sellers in virtual environments for the trade of goods and services. The possibility to easily access information about products and reach customers globally created new business possibilities and transformed business processes. At the same time it brought important challenges about security, privacy, legal compliance, etc. -all by the simple addition of the prefix