ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether environmental regulation affects firm's performance including productivity, wage and employment using firm-level data in 1996–2007. The identification uses Two Control Zones (TCZ) policy implemented by the Chinese government in 1998, in which tougher environmental regulations were imposed in TCZ cities but not others. By difference-in-differences estimation, we find that tougher environmental regulation leads to larger increase on both total factor productivity and wage, and firms tend to employ fewer workers under pressure of environmental protection. Heterogeneous tests show that the impacts are better for non-pollution intensive firms, non-exporters and SOEs. Finally, we find that R&D input and exiting firms among industry are the driving forces for enhancing TFP and increasing wage and unemployment.


A square split-ring resonator (SRR) defected ground structure (DGS) is studied in this paper. This DGS structure has a ∞at low-pass characteristic and a sharp band-gap property compared to the conventional dumbbell DGS. A detailed analysis of the relationship between the transmission characteristic and the split-ring dimension is made. In order to enhance the out-band suppression, an improved SRR DGS cell with open stubs loaded on the conductor line is then presented and fabricated.


Na + .C7H4NO4 S .H20, Mr : 239.2, orthorhombic, Pnam, a = 10.844 (4), h = 12-038 (4), c = 6"903 (3) A,, V: 901.1 (9) A, 3, A(Mo Ka) = 0"71069 A,, Z = 4, Dx -- 1"762 Mg m-3, /z : 0.389 mm- i, F(000) = 488, T = 123 K. Two data sets were used in refinements: one low-order data set (sin0/A 0.9 ,~ t): R(F 2) = 0.058, wR(F 2) = 0.064. Experimental electron deformation density maps are calculated by difference Fourier synthesis. They are compared with theoretical 6-31G* deformation density maps of the isothiazoione ring fragment of the title compound. Theoretical and experimental deformation density maps show the influence of the Na -~ cation on the lone-pair density of the carbonyl oxygen atom.


The design and fabrication of a ZnSe-based linear polarizer operating in the 8–12 μm infrared region with multilayer nanogratings is demonstrated. The multilayer structure is formed by a low- and a high-refractive index thin layer that are evaporated successively on a ZnSe substrate, followed by a dielectric nanograting that is etched into the high-refractive index thin layer, and then a double-layer metallic nanograting that sits on the dielectric nanograting. Polarization characteristics of the proposed polarizer on structural parameters are investigated and an optimized multilayer structure is obtained. Experimental fabrication of the multilayer nanograting structure using UV lithography and thin-film deposition is conducted in a way in which no ion etching process is needed for the formation of metallic nanogratings. An extinction ratio (ER) of 35 dB and TM-transmission (TMT) of averagely higher than 80% are obtained experimentally in the whole 8–12 μm waveband with 250-nm-period multilayer nanogratings. The ZnSe-based multilayer structure shows the possibility of achieving large-area and high-performance polarization in the 8–12 μm infrared region with relatively easy fabrication.


Several recent theories of development have begun to recognise the importance of variability in mechanisms of change. The present study's aim was to map variability in the drawing process. We examined changes in cognitive and biomechanical factors that influence drawing behaviour by investigating how simple shapes and complex pictures are drawn. In order to assess changes in variability with age across individuals, children (4- to 7-year-olds) and adults copied a series of geometric shapes and more complex images. In order to assess changes in variability with age within individuals, participants also made repeated copies of simple shapes and characters. Overall, both types of variability decreased with age. It is suggested that increasing biomechanical efficiency and enculturated drawing conventions contribute to these decreases.


In this paper, I examine the complex relationship between gender and language, so that the commonsense nature of each of the terms and their relation to each other are troubled. I also analyse the way in which stereotypes of femininity play a major role in informing our beliefs about women, men and language and I suggest how we can consider the relationship between language, gender and other variables more productively. My first task, though, is to provide some detail about what this is taken to entail. There are, of course, important differences among feminists who have written on this topic, and in the course of the discussion I will highlight some of these. I certainly do not want to suggest that what I am assessing is a single position, nor am I claiming to represent the basis on which most feminists actually do research. My main concern here is solely with feminist writing about the question of male dominance and female reference in conversation.


Ultrashort laser pulses provide high power at low energy which is very promising to obtain precise microstructures inside and on the rear side of the transparent materials. Decreasing the pulse duration from several ps into the sub-ps range, we noticed strong differences in the processing and non-linear behavior. We performed experimental investigations on laser beam propagation through wide-band gap materials at high peak powers. We present recent results on different types of bulk modifications generated inside several different transparent materials and focus our attention on pulse duration dependent observations in a range between 0.2 and 4 ps.


This work deals with the anomaly detection problem of networked motion control systems (NMCSs), and a finite-time equivalent-input-disturbance (FTEID) approach is proposed. First, both functional safety threats and cyber security threats are considered of the NMCS, and their overall effects are modeled to be a combined unknown signal. Then, an EID model is established of the system to implement the anomaly detection. A terminal-sliding-mode observer is introduced to construct the FTEID, thereby achieving a better anomaly-detection performance. In addition, the analysis of the system is straightforward. Finally, simulation experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness of this study.


Human body k加ematics is 加fluenced by ske厄加I muscles during impact. The objective of this thesis is to establish a methodology to characterize the compressive-impact response of human musc厄s experimen泊1/y and to 旧bntify a suitab厄 ma旭rial mo加I for representing the behavior of musc厄s under impact conditions. on reviewing the li旭rature on material properties of musc厄s a lack of 卯namic ma拍ria! properties of muscles for use 加 finite element 声E) human body models was identiffied. Three experimental setups, namely, a quasi-static 旭st setup, an impact gun and a split Hopk加son pressure bar test setup were 山veloped for conducting 旭sts on smaft musc厄 specimens covering a wide range of strain rates fflom 0.01/s to 2000/s. Experiments were conducted for diガerent stra加 rates on both human and goat muscles and their responses were ob拍med. D所brent muscles 加 human body were observed to behave differently under compression and therefore it was conclu加d that FE human body models need musc厄 specific material由加. An 加verse FE characterization method to identiル the muscle speciffic ma旭rial parame拍rs was 山veloped. Taguchi methods and Genetic were used as an 叩ガmたation tool this characterization process. Nonlinear viscoe后stic (NLVE) and nonlinear stra加 ra旭 de pen山nt foam (NLSRDF) material model were identified as suitable ma旭rial mo加Is for capturing the stra加 rate dependent behavior of muscles. Finally, the application of strain rate dependent muscle material models proposed in this thesis has been 由monstrated through simulation of impact response of human lower ex如mity. 刀7e outcome of this would contribute signifficantly in evolving FE human models, to protect vulnerable road users (VRU).


In order to compare quality characteristics and oxidative stabilities of rice germs prepared under different roasting conditions, sensory evaluation, color value, tocols (tocopherol+tocotrienol) contents, and peroxide value were investigated. Optimum roasting temperatures for the best acceptability were 20, 10, and 6 min at 170, 180 and 190, respectively. Hunter color a values of rice germ increased as roasting temperature and time increased, whereas L value decreased. Peroxide values of unroasted, and roasted rice germs at for 20 min, for 10 min, and for 6 min were 2.0, and 145.6, 169.5, and 182.9 meq/kg, respectively, after 9 days storage at . Four tocopherol and three tocotrienol isomers were identified, whereas no -tocotrienol was detected. The major tocopherol and tocotrienol isomers in rice germ were -tocopherol and -tocotrienol, respectively. -Tocopherol content in roasted rice germ decreased significantly during storage, whereas those of - and -tocopherols slowly decreased. -Tocopherol had the highest stability among tocopherol isomers in roasted rice germ. Similar trends were observed in tocotrienol isomers.


Econometrics is one of the most effective mathematical tools of controlling. The article deals with general problems of application of econometric methods in solving problems of controlling. Econometric methods is primarily a statistical analysis of concrete economic data, of course, with the help of computers. In our country, they are still relatively little known, even though we have the most powerful scientific school in the foundations of econometrics the probability theory. The article shows that to decide the problems of controlling is necessary to apply econometric methods. Classification of econometric tools can be carried out on various grounds: on methods, by type of data, in tasks, etc. Mass introduction of software products, including modern econometric analysis tools of concrete economic data can be regarded as one of the most effective ways to accelerate scientific and technological progress. The whole arsenal currently used econometric and statistical techniques (methods) can be divided into three streams: high econometric (statistical) technology; classical econometric (statistical) technology, low (inadequate, obsolete) econometric (statistical) technology. The main problem of modern econometrics is to ensure that the concrete econometric and statistical studies used only the first two types of technology. To get a broader representation of the use of econometric methods in the management of production organization we analyze basic textbook "Organization and planning of engineering production (production management)," prepared by the Department of "Economics and organization of production" of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. It has more than 20 times using econometric methods and models that testify to the effectiveness of such a tool of manager as econometrics


One component of the experimental program at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) consists of a class of experiments which will study the acceleration of electrons through micron-size structures which are exposed in coincidence to a 100-GW CO/sub 2/ laser beam. These experiments require the development and control of an electron beam with geometric emittances on the order of 10/sup -10/ m-rad and intensities on the order of 10/sup 6/ electrons.<<ETX>>


Abstract Patient drug and treatment information leaflets are an important adjunct to primary health care for medical practitioners to use with patients. To assess comprehensibility of these documents, readability formulas are still used by medical researchers but are arguably of limited value. Checklists to guide the development of printed information, even when based on a systematic review of the literature, have not provided the desired guidance. An approach based on a systemic functional linguistics framework is offered here as one that can provide insight and directions for the improvement of these materials. A set of 18 rheumatology drug leaflets was analyzed at the levels of genre, discourse semantics, and some aspects of the lexicogrammar, so as to identify their characteristics and possible shortcomings as comprehensible documents for patients. While the drug information leaflet was identifiable as a genre with potentially up to nine structural moves, there was a high degree of variability in inclusion of moves, rhetorical functions within moves, and use of headings. The quality of patient information material can be improved by using an analysis that takes account of suitability of generic structure and rhetorical functions, specialization of lexis, status relations, macro-Theme, lexical density, and modalization. A usability strategy should be employed to support the directions provided by the analysis.


This study aimed to develop the simulation scenario for simulation based learning. It was divided into 3 phases. The phase 1 studied the conditions and context of simulation based learning by using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion, analyze data with content analysis. In phase 2, a model of simulation scenario was devloped by documentation studing, data determining, scenario developing and contents approving by experts. The phase 3 involved evaluation of the results of using the scenario from 69 instructors. Data were collected by using questionnaire on knowledge related to scenario design; and t-test statistics was use to analyze the difference of pretest-posttest scores. The results revealed that every department in nursing college used simulation scenario with two aspects: (1) for teaching and learning and (2) for evaluating learning outcomes. Most instructors had experience on general situations in nursing for students to analyze for nursing cares but not for scenario design for simulation based learning which involved more factors and details; resulting in insufficient scenario which covered all learning objectives, student performances and professional competencies. The scenario model consisted of learning goals, objectives, overview and flow of simulation, learning performance measure, simulation background, facilitator guides, and script to the simulator. The outcome of simulation scenario model utilization was found to be significantly better when compared to the pretest data (t=14.02, p<0.05); and good level of satisfaction was also observed (Mean=4.51, SD=0.36). It was recommended that nursing college should organize workshops to develop the skills of instructors in designing the scenario to enable teaching and learning with more simulation based learning.


Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a new material used in electronics applications such as spintronics, diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) and thin films. In this paper, the findings in fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles are reported. ZnO thin films were deposited onto glass substrates using a spin coating techniques at different pre-annealing temperatures. The optical transmittance measurement of the ZnO nanostructures was examined using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) with wavelength ranging from 300-800 nm. On the other hand, the topography and film roughness were, measured by an atomic force microscope (AFM). The surface morphologies was obtained using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and showed that the ZnO nanoparticles are distributed uniformly.


An essential aspect of modern logistic concepts is the question how to deal with demand uncertainties. One concept that has been proposed but not yet fully explored in this context is postponement. In this concept the finalization of a product is procrastinated, i.e., the final products are not completed in single factories but in facilities in a distribution network that are located on the itinerary from factories to customers. Up to now, mainly global evaluations of pros and cons of postponement strategies are available. In order to allow for decision making for specific postponement implementations including its various effects in distribution networks, a double-stage stochastic mixed inte-ger linear programming (MIP) model is presented in this paper. This model supports managers to find out appropriate implementations of postponement strategies to manage demand uncertainties. By solving a set of problem instances it becomes obvious that the presented model formulation can be used to obtain solutions with (commercially) available mathematical programming software.


The presentation and management of 33 patients with traumatic pneumocephalus have been analysed and two main groups recognized. The first consisted of 12 patients who developed an intracerebral aerocele, the onset of which was delayed for up to 52 days from the time of injury. These patients presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure which required urgent surgical treatment.


Previous authors have questioned the notion of scientific rationality and method in understanding the ways in which knowledge is produced through academic research. These critiques make clear that the production of academic knowledge cannot be separated from the context in which it is produced. In this paper, we focus on the ways in which the meso-level context, in particular in terms of relations between a research funding body and a research team, shapes this process of knowledge construction. It is argued that the logics used by funding bodies to promote knowledge creation and diffusion are not only at times unrealistic and inappropriate but also contradictory and conflated. Using two case examples of academic management research, this paper argues that, instead of stimulating innovation, the policies of funding bodies may at times encourage the creation and diffusion of just those types of management fads and fashions that academics tend to be very critical of. This is especially likely where research is carried out in multidisciplinary and multinational teams.


A free-boundary MHD equilibrium code is used to determine the plasma shape and toroidal current distribution in highly elongated Garching Belt Pinch II equilibria (b/a = 10–14). The parameters of the calculations are optimized to fit the experimental boundary conditions as well as the measured axial profiles of Bz and the values of ⟨β⟩ and ⟨βp⟩. It is found that the plasma surfaces come close to a racetrack shape, and that the current density can be roughly described by jt = copr + coF/r for diamagnetic plasmas and jt = copr for ⟨βp⟩ = 1. This corresponds to extremely elongated inner flux surfaces, moderate gradients of the q profile and plasma pressure and toroidal field distributions which are almost axially homogeneous. The production and the time development of such jt profiles are discussed.


In this paper, we develop a new perspective on what determines firms' choice of new markets for entry. First, drawing on the open‐system theoretical tradition and literature on inter‐organizational networks, we advance and empirically test the proposition that firms tend to enter new markets to which they are connected by partnership ties. We then show that this network influence is filtered through the structure of firms' network connections to new markets and firms' experience. Specifically, we find that multiplicity of connections to new markets, as well as the extensiveness of firms' experience and its relevance to new markets weaken the effect of network ties on firms' choice of new markets. The results of this study indicate that firms' choice of new markets for entry is a nuanced process that is affected by the interplay of firms' collaborative ties, the structure of their network, and firms' internal capabilities. We test our hypotheses in the empirical context of the U.S. venture capital (VC) industry using panel data over a 23‐year period and find broad support for them.


Abstract : The ground plane range, used successfully for antenna pattern measurements, has been proposed as a technique for radar cross section measurement. While this approach offers recognized advantages, certain features with respect to polarization behavior warrant further study. A brief analytical examination of polarization effects was made, and it was accompanied by experimental studies upon a Ka-band CW radar cross section range which confirmed the analytical predictions.


This study was carried out to find out the level of perceived stress, resilience and mental health of adolescents living at international border in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Further an attempt was made to explore the relationship between these variables. A random sample of 100 adolescents in the age group 13-18 years was drawn from villages falling within five kilometers from the actual border. Data was obtained through administering Perceived Stress Scale, Resilience Scale, and Mental Health Inventory. Sample was dichotomized using median values for perceived stress and resilience. Difference in mental health of participants with low and high resilience was analyzed using t test. Pearson's correlation revealed negative meaningful correlation between perceived stress and mental health. However, positive correlation became evident between perceived stress and anxiety as well as psychological distress. Resilience and mental health was also related signifying better mental health in resilient adolescents in border areas. Positive correlation was observed in resilience and general positive affect, emotional ties, and psychological well being. Negative association was found in resilience and loss of emotional control. Steps should be taken to build up resilience to enhance mental health of adolescents living with great stress in border areas.


FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) has a high degree of parallelization and pipeline computing capabilities, and is widely used in real-time simulation. Based on FPGA, this paper studies PMSG (Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Machine). The real-time simulation modeling method of wind turbines was developed. The main work of the paper is as follows: Based on the closed-loop simulation model of the permanent magnet direct-drive wind turbine, the whole system is divided into an electrical system and a control system. Based on the electromagnetic transient simulation framework, combined with the multi-zone Thevenin equivalent method, the data of each module in the electrical system is decoupled, which improves the FPGA solation speed and resource utilization. Based on this real-time simulator, a real-time simulation example of the electromagnetic system of the wind turbine is realized, and the simulation results during the start-up process of the wind turbine are analyzed, and are compared with the simulation results of MATLAB; the simulation results show that this real-time simulator has high accuracy, and the real-time performance can be guaranteed under the simulation step size of $10 \mu \mathrm{s}$.


Numeric experiments on random, relatively large travelling salesman problems presented in this paper show that passive neural networks can be used as an efficient, dynamic optimization tool for combinatorial programming.


This is an account of an education experience where the traditional boundaries of separation between the external social versus the internal psychological, are called into question. The students and myself, the author, became both the audience and the players when over a 6-month education period we connected with, shared, articulated and rehearsed certain psychological and social aspects of our clinical work. Using a group analytic perspective, emerging themes of separation, hope, despair, searching, loss and survival are explored in this article as they were articulated and worked on in a group.


This study aims to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to SMEs in utilizing social media as a marketing tool and to find out the most effective marketing strategies to run in order to increase sales. The method used is SWOT analysis, and in data processing using excel. In collecting data using a questionnaire method distributed in the January 2021 period with a total of 226 respondents. The results obtained by SMEs in utilizing social media as marketing are in quadrant I, which means that the strategy used is a growth strategy, namely the SO strategy which is a strategy that uses strengths to take advantage of opportunities that exist in SMEs. Its implementation is to increase the intensity of promotions, maintain product and service quality, maintain and increase customer trust, be communicative to customers.


Pontianak City has the potential for training and development of Malay cultural arts. The arts in West Kalimantan generally include dance, music, theater (folklore) and handicrafts. Special events in West Kalimantan will be the culmination of these arts and cultural performances, namely through festivals. This art can be used as a mainstay to face the ASEAN Economic Community. The final project of the Malay Art and Culture Hermitage of West Kalimantan aims to produce a special building design for Malay art and culture with the scope of cultural arts education, recreation, and tourism that can attract public interest. Design boundaries include the arts of music, dance, theater, crafts and cooking in West Kalimantan. The design method of the Malay Art and Culture Hermitage of West Kalimantan was carried out in several stages, namely ideas, data collection, identification, analysis, synthesis, and design development. The concept used in the design is based on the Facilities and Infrastructure Course and Training Institute Standards in 2017. Design analysis produces three functions, namely primary (education), secondary (administration, exhibition, performance) and tertiary (maintenance) functions. The result is that these three functions are combined in one into nine main buildings with a centralized organizational pattern of space, circular circulation, facades, and forms with Malay characteristics.


A previous result derived for non-valued graphs is generalized for link-valued ones, thus allowing the determination of the total value of the spanning arborescences with a given root and containing a given arc in a directed valued graph. A corresponding result for non-directed valued graphs is also presented.


In 1989 two large‐scale multicenter studies on the mortality and morbidity of transurethral resection of the prostate were published [Mebust et al.: J Urol 141:243–247, 1989; Roos et al.: N Engl J Med 320:1120–1124, 1989]. These studies caused us to perform a retrospective study on a total of 1,211 consecutive patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate at our department between January 1988 and July 1991.


This paper described how the truth effect and its relationship with metacognitive awareness and working memory was converted from a physical (offline) administration to an online study due to COVID-19 pandemic-related lockdown measures. The truth effect refers to the tendency for repeated statements to be judged as more true than new statements. Processing fluency is the ease of mentally processing information. The automatic and unreflective mental system associated with processing fluency can be enhanced by repetition. Metacognitive awareness and working memory were conceptualized as a deliberate and analytical cognitive system in the current study. Fifteen offline participants and fifteen online participants were compared on measures of the truth effect, metacognitive awareness, and working memory. There were no significant differences between the offline and online groups in measures of metacognitive awareness, working memory, fluency and the truth effect, suggesting that the online administration of study measures was comparable to traditional methods of administration in a physical laboratory. Even with the small sample size, our findings suggested that statements that were presented more than once were rated significantly more true compared to new information. In conclusion, the truth effect was detected both in online and offline settings in our sample of Malaysian young adults. Our study documented how cognitive tasks can be administered in an online setting using a common teleconference application (i.e., Zoom). Our findings provide support and reference for researchers to conduct research online especially during times of restricted movements and the current climate of working and studying from home.


In November 2001, the fi rst International Symposium on Concussion in Sport was held in Vienna, Austria, to recommend ways to improve the safety and health of athletes who suffer concussive injuries in sports. A mandate was given to draft a document describing the agreement reached.1 The second International Conference on Concussion in Sport was held in Prague, Czech Republic, in November 2004. It resulted in a revision and update of the Vienna consensus recommendations, published in April 2005.2 The Prague statement included a standardized Sport Concussion Assessment Tool.3 This article provides an overview of the conference statement for family physicians and serves as a guide to make appropriate returnto-play recommendations. The Concussion Education and Awareness Committee of ThinkFirst-SportSmart brings this new information about concussion management, which is available on www.thinkfi rst.ca, to family physicians.4 The new defi nition of concussion states the following. • Concussion can be caused by a direct blow to the head, face, neck, or elsewhere on the body with an "impulsive" force transmitted to the head. • Concussion typically results in the rapid onset of shortlived impairment of neurologic function that resolves spontaneously. • Concussion can result in neuropathologic changes, but the acute clinical symptoms largely refl ect a functional disturbance rather than structural injury. • Concussion results in a graded set of clinical syndromes that might or might not involve loss of consciousness. Resolution of the clinical and cognitive symptoms typically follows a sequential course. • Concussion is typically associated with grossly normal structural neuroimaging studies. Historically, concussions have been classifi ed with various grading systems. Grading has been abandoned because using loss of consciousness as the primary measure of injury severity is of limited value in assessing the severity of sporting concussive injury. In addition, published evidence suggests that the nature, burden, and duration of clinical symptoms after concussion is more important than the presence or duration of amnesia alone (Table 1). Concussion severity can be determined only in retrospect after all concussion symptoms have cleared, the neurologic examination is normal, and cognitive function has returned to baseline.


A Strong Foundation is the report of the Task Force on Public Service Values and Ethics, one of nine Task Forces led by Deputy Ministers that were established by the Clerk of the Privy Council in 1995. This task force took the form of a Study Team established by the Canadian Centre for Management Development (ccmd) and led by John Tait, former Deputy Minister of justice and then a Senior Fellow ofccmd. The membership of the Study Team is included in this summary of its report. The full report (and those of the other Task Forces) is available on the ccmd website.


Alcoholic beverages were consumed by adults during scheduled periods. Blood alcohol concentrations were determined from breath samples obtained every half hour from the beginning of the drinking period until one‐half hour after the last drink. One ounce of 100 proof bourbon could be consumed hourly for five hours without reaching blood levels associated with measured impairment. With the consumption of 2 ounces of 100 proof bourbon hourly, within one and one‐half hours blood levels considered prima facie evidence of alcoholic intoxication were reached.


A hypothesis of selective predisposition for depression, neurasthenic syndrome and anxiety states has been tested in a prospective study. The primary material for the investigation consisted of 4,000 city inhabitants who had registered a private car. Almost all of these could be invited to a group investigation by questionnaire in the autumn of 1959. Out of those invited, 83% participated, and out of these, 3,019 were males (the secondary material).


Storage treatments (12°C, 95% RH) were applied to freshly harvested mushrooms for 0, 24 and 72 hr. Canned product yields were determined on replicated samples processed by a standardized procedure. Canned product yields increased 19% after 72 hr storage and total free amino acid content of the tissues increased proportionately. Electrophoretic analyses employing sodium dodecyl sulfate gels demonstrated that degradation of larger molecular weight proteins occurred during storage with a corresponding increase in the lower molecular weight fractions. Water-binding capacity and water-holding capacity of partially purified proteins prepared from treated lots increased as storage time progressed. Data substantiated the hypothesis that qualitative changes in mushroom proteins are a factor in the increased product yields obtained by postharvest storage of mushrooms.


3,2′-Silylene-bridged 2-phenylindoles were prepared in high yields by palladium-catalyzed silicon-migrative intramolecular coupling of 2-(2-indolylsilyl)aryl triflates. The high thermal stability of the benzosilole-fused indoles was indicated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The absorption spectra revealed that the absorption edges, namely, the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps, could be effectively tuned by substitution with functional groups such as chloro, cyano, methoxy, and phenyl at the meta-positions with respect to nitrogen and silicon, whereas there was no effective conjugation between the core and an aryl group on nitrogen. The changes in the HOMO–LUMO gaps, which were induced by variation of the functional groups, were well reproduced by density functional theory calculation. The indoles exhibited blue fluorescence with high-to-excellent quantum yields both in cyclohexane and in powder as well as in doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films. The emission maxima of each indole exhibited a red-shift, ...


High-purity WS2 nanotubes were synthesized on a relatively large scale by thermal decomposition of amorphous/nano (NH4)2WS4 in a floating hydrogen and thiophene atmosphere at a heating temperature of 360−450 °C. Extensive investigations of WS2 nanotubes by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron microscopy, and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller measurements were reported. Our improved route yielded large quantities of open-ended WS2 nanotubes with an average length of 5 μm, an outer diameter of 25−50 nm, an inner diameter of up to 20 nm, and an interlayer spacing of 0.62 nm. The present study is also of interest because it provides a clue to better understanding the inside out growth mechanism of WS2 nanotubes, and this can be extended for the synthesis of other metal-sulfide nanostructural materials.


This essay problematizes the relationship between literature, nature and citizenship in our digital culture. By focusing on the tension between cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization in connection with the tension between belonging to a national place and being mobile in transnational space, it deals with the following questions and issues: What is the meaning of identity and citizenship in the digital age of cybernations and netizens? How does literary representation render the cultural construction of the human-machine/ human-nature interface? How does literature translate and negotiate the disruptive in-between zone of inter- and intracultural disjunctures and conjunctures—the place where diverse histories, customs, values, beliefs and cognitive systems are contested and interwoven—as inhabited place, that is, as affective geography (Soja)? What are the theoretical tools to map and measure this inhabited contact zone? In the process of giving tentative and partial answers, this essay elaborates a link between the political unconscious (Jameson), the cultural unconscious (Bourdieu) and the ecological unconscious (Walter) of the human-machine/ human-nature interface that surfaces in contemporary multi-ethnic writing; a transwriting (Walter) that, in the face of natural catastrophes, instantiates a decolonizing attitude towards nature by delineating new forms of cohabitation involving the entire biota.


The aim of this study was to assess and evaluate the awareness and knowledge of smile arc and analysis among orthodontists and non-orthodontists by means of conducting a knowledge, attitude and practices survey. A closed questionnaire of 17 questions was prepared in consultation with experts involved in the training of dentists. Based on a pilot study a response count of 130 was determined to achieve a power of 80. The questionnaire was shred through professional chat forums. A reminder post was shared two weeks after the initial post. The survey was closed four weeks after the reminder post and 145 responses were obtained. Most respondents were non-orthodontists and were young practitioners with experience of less than 5 years. Descriptive statistics showed that most respondents are aware of smile analysis and smile arc but most respondents do not use it in practice for diagnosis and treatment planning. Independent t-test showed that orthodontists are more aware of smile arc and smile analysis and use it more often in clinical practice when compared to non-orthodontists. Most participants are aware of the parameters for to be evaluated for smile analysis and smile arc.


The huge power requirements of future railways require the usage of energy-efficient strategies towards a more intelligent railway system. The usage of on-board energy storage systems enables better usage of the traction energy with a higher degree of freedom. In this article is proposed a top-level charging controller for the on-board and wayside railway energy storage systems. Its structure comprehends two processing levels: a real-time fuzzy logic controller for each energy storage system, and a genetic algorithm meta-heuristic, that remotely and automatically tune the fuzzy rules weight. As global results, the reduction of regenerated energy is 22.3% with the fuzzy logic controller. With the optimization strategy, this reduction can be further extended to 28.7%. The need for a smart railway framework is also discussed towards a realistic implementation of such charging strategy. Thus, with a high degree of flexibility, the efficiency of railway energy systems can be increased with the proposed framework. Received on 07 September 2020; accepted on 06 January 2021; published on 14 January 2021


A promotional brochure celebrating the completion
of the Seagram Building in spring 1957 features on
its cover intense portraits of seven men bisected by
a single line of bold text that asks, "Who are these Men?"
The answer appears on the next page: "They Dreamed of a
Tower of Light" (Figures 1, 2). Each photograph is reproduced
with the respective man's name and project credit:
architects, Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson; associate
architect, Eli Jacques Kahn; electrical contractor, Harry F.
Fischbach; lighting consultant, Richard Kelly; and electrical
engineer, Clifton E. Smith. To the right, a rendering of
the new Seagram Tower anchors the composition, standing
luminous against a star-speckled night sky; its glass walls
and bronze mullions are transformed into a gossamer skin
that reveals the tower's structural skeleton. Lightolier, the
contract lighting manufacturer, produced the brochure to
promote its role in the lighting of the Seagram Building, but
Lightolier's promotional copy was not far from the truth.


Aim: The purpose of the study is to acknowledge and assess the TQM Barriers which are important for success of TQM implementation in steel industries. Methodology: In order to achieve the above objective 24 papers were reviewed to identify the significant TQM Barriers responsible for unsuccessful implementation of TQM and then these Barriers were sorted and positioned using the quality tool "Pareto Analysis". Findings: After examining the various TQM Barriers from different research papers 17 Barriers were identified by using Pareto analysis which acts as hindrance for successful TQM execution in steel industries. These Barriers are namely Lack of quality oriented culture, Lack of employees involvement, Deficient leadership and Poor management, Lack of Top Management Support, Inadequate resources, Poor planning, Insufficient training and education, Ineffective measures of quality improvement, Lack of Customer Focus, Insufficient teamwork and cooperation, Poor recognition and reward programme, Poor communication, Lack of coordination between department, Barriers to change, No benchmarking, Attitude of employees toward quality and Non-usage of advanced TQM tools Implications: This study would be fruitful for implementing TQM approach in a better way for all the industries of steel sector. The managers there can frame the strategies by keeping in mind such TQM barriers and hence adopt the TQM approach more successfully. Keywords-TQM Barriers, TQM implementation, Pareto Analysis


This study extends and evaluates the forecasting performance of the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) technique using a general non-linear form for the re- current formula. In this study, we consider 24 series measuring the monthly seasonally adjusted industrial production of important sectors of the German, French and UK economies. This is tested by comparing the performance of the new proposed model with basic SSA and the SSA bootstrap forecasting, especially when there is evidence of structural breaks in both in-sample and out-of-sample periods. According to root mean-square error (RMSE), SSA using the general recursive formula outperforms both the SSA and the bootstrap forecasting at horizons of up to a year. We found no significant difference in predicting the direction of change between these methods. Therefore, it is suggested that the SSA model with the general recurrent formula should be chosen by users in the case of structural breaks in the series.


The implementation of Internet technologies in power equipment monitoring systems will allow free and flexible acquisition of power system information and equipment sensor information at remote locations. By utilizing general‐purpose Internet technologies such as IP telecommunication and browser, widely distributed data can be collected easily. This paper introduces the basic configurations of Internet‐based systems and provides examples of where these systems have been implemented. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


It is the most valuable advantage of Chinese tourism resources that historical relics and sites covers whole China,which must be kept in mind in our discussion of China's cultural tourism or its other features.Remains tourism as special junketing is more important to Hebei which has excessive historical relics and allusions.On the remains tourism resource protection and development which need to be saved urgently,Hebei has a problem which does not perform in the amount of resources,but in screening and sifting,not defining simply,but upgrading in arrangement and taste.


Export structure can be divided into two categories:technical structure and regional structure.Based on the data since 1991 in Jiangsu Province,it is found that export technical structure is increasing periodically and export regional disparity is expanding generally.It is also found that in Jiangsu Province export regional structure has a positive effect on regional income disparity through model assessment.


Free surfaces and inner defects (such as grain boundary) facilitate initiating of melting. The grain boundary can affect the toughness of polycrystal Copper. In this paper, the melting copper nanoparticles have been studied by a model that combines two-temperature and molecular dynamics methods. After laser ablation, a 45-degree grain orientation presents an unusual toughness behaviour. The higher failure strain of the twin crystal copper with laser ablation than it has not. It can be found that the dislocations and grain boundary interaction paly the main role. It gives a new view that the laser can enhance the toughness of Cu crystal.


Individual cylinder's spark advance is crucial to the performance, efficiency and emissions of a multi-cylinder spark ignition engine. Through controlling knock strength of each cylinder, spark advance is regulated to an appropriate ignition angle which can cause light knock strength and high efficiency. This paper uses techniques of ASIC, programmable logic and DSC which has a CAN controller to detect knock, measure knock strength, and control spark advance. In order to temper the burden of processor, hardware logic circuit, implemented by FPGA, is used to replace part of processor's capacity. The architecture of the system enhances the reliability and stability of electronic ignition. The experiment results verify the validity of the system.


With the rapid development of database and computer network technology, traditional data analysis methods can no longer meet the needs of people's lives and work. The traditional data method only uses statistical analysis theory to perform simple summary statistics on the data, without considering the ambiguity and uncertainty of the data. In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing methods, big data came into being. High-dimensional, uncertain, vague, and noisy data are used to mine potential, implicit, and useful information and patterns to improve people's market decision-making capabilities and assist people in giving feedback on the basis of past experience. The future development trend and so on. Although attempts to innovate in English teaching are continuing, there are still shortcomings. In order to solve the problem of English innovation, this paper adopts the Apriori algorithm and will conduct research on English innovation. Using the methods in this article, through the combination and calculation of the previous innovative methods of English teaching, we find a set of reasonable English teaching methods. According to calculations, this method can improve students' learning ability by 14%.


Device characteristics included in available MESFET models are reviewed, and model extensions for improved accuracy over a wide range of conditions are proposed. Use of the model is illustrated in the context of a basic analog amplifier and analog sub-circuit. The application of other modeling techniques for mixed-mode (analog and digital) systems is briefly discussed.<<ETX>>


This paper examines whether import substitution can be applied at the regional level. It further explores whether a region may consider import substitution as the sole means of achieving resolution for regional economic development given the contemporary global outsourcing economy. This research is informed by a comprehensive literature review and evaluation of case studies. The results drawn from this research indicate that import substitution offers great potential as a driver for regional economic development. Advancing an overall awareness of sustainability and regional economic stabilization has indeed increased the need for reconsideration of this strategy. Local-serving industries provide a multiplier effect as valuable as that associated with exporting industries, and substitution of imports may induce the promotion of such local-serving industries. In particular, import substitution has proven to be effective in certain industries, including agriculture, foods, health care, and retail. Exemplary case studies suggest several implementation tools that may be appropriate for regional use. Thus, a region should establish a focus on import substitution in order to improve and stabilize its economy. However, import substitution does not provide the conclusive answer for regional economic development since the current global outsourcing economy leads most firms to import at least some portion of their necessary inputs from international regions. With that in mind, multiple regions are involved in producing a good or service from the early stage to the final stage of production, thus sharing overall revenues from production. Consequently, the revenues a region may generate from exporting these goods and services are indeed less than the revenues the region might have gained through similar levels of exports in the pre-globalized economy. As neither import substitution nor export base development can stand alone today, a combined approach is necessary. This paper concludes that a region should develop a portfolio strategy for regional economic development and that import substitution should be a significant element of its portfolio. That collection can include substituting imports in some sectors and promoting exports in others. 1 This study is based on a research paper (Jinwoo Kwon, 2009) submitted to Cornell University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of regional planning. I owe my deep gratitude to my committee members, Professor Susan Christopherson and Professor Kieran Donaghy, for their guidance and support.


Aming at the chattering caused by the zonal switching belt of the discreate EXP law,which may decreased the system steady state performance,we proposed a combined reaching law based on the advantage of EXP reaching law and variable reaching law in this text,then put it into a SISO three-tank system,and it was proved effective by Matlab simulation results.


The present invention, non-steroidal immunophilin-dependent immunosuppressant (NsIDI) and Group A enhancer (Group A enhancer) (e.g. antifungal agents, anti-gout agents, anti-infective agents, antiprotozoal, antiviral agents, moisturizing agents, sunscreens, vitamin D compounds, by administering microtubule inhibitor, or a zinc salt), or an analogue or metabolite thereof to the patient, or diagnosed with an immunoinflammatory disease or immunoinflammatory It features a method of treating a patient diagnosed as being at risk of developing sexual disorders. The present invention, for the treatment or prevention of an immunoinflammatory disease, NsIDI and a Group A enhancer or pharmaceutical composition comprising the analogues or metabolites also features.


The method of generalized quasilinearization for second-order boundary value problems has been extended when the forcing function is the sum of-hyperconvex and-hyperconcave functions. We develop two sequences under suitable conditions which converge to the unique solution of the boundary value problem. Furthermore, the convergence is of order. Finally, we provide numerical examples to show the application of the generalized quasilinearization method developed here for second-order boundary value problems.


The study aimed to assess the level of professional competencies of the administrative support staff of the President Ramon Magsaysay State University, Iba Zambales. The two groups of respondents were one hundred two (102) faculty members and twenty-three (23) middle managers at Iba Campus. They assessed the administrative support staff's organization, communication, service delivery, technical, adaptability, and interpersonal competencies. The 5-point Likert scale was used to describe the competency with 5 as Very Competent and 1 as Not Competent at All. The questionnaire was used as the main data gathering tool adopted from the Administrative Support Professionals Competency Framework (The Centre for Learning and Development, Newfoundland Labrador Public Secretariat). The questionnaire consisted of 48 statements apportioned into 8 statements for organization, 10 for communication, 8 for service delivery, 9 for technical, 7 for adaptability, and 6 for interpersonal competencies. The analysis of variance was used to test the difference in perceptions on the level of professional competency when grouped according to the respondents' profile. The t-test was used to test whether the perceptions of the faculty-respondents is significantly different from the perceptions of the middle manager-respondents on the level of professional competency of the administrative support staff. The findings reveal that the mean age of the faculty-respondent is 37.45 years old. There were as many male and female faculty-respondents. Majority are married with LET/LPT/PBET as eligibility. Most of the respondents are master's undergraduates with teacher education as their major field of specialization. They have rendered almost 12 years of service. The mean age of the RMTU middle manager-respondents is 41.89 years old.


The general aim of a Prognostic Health Management (PHM) system is to generate information to meet objectives such as improved mission reliability, improved safety and reduced maintenance costs. Information is derived from data (e.g. acquired by sensors) through the application of knowledge. Knowledge can be represented in different forms and can be implicit or explicit. The form of representation depends on the type of technology fulfilling some specific PHM function. PHM is complicated and successful systems will be constructed using technology from many suppliers. Careful management of technology integration is required. Proposed standards have been written to allow different technologies to communicate. But there is also a need to define formal frameworks so that technologies are integrated in a coherent manner. This paper presents some practical applications of PHM technologies that fulfil functions within different layers of the PHM process. These applications are then used to explain how these different functional technologies integrate through a common probabilistic framework


Recognition of occluded objects in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a significant problem for automatic target recognition. In this paper, we present a hidden Markov modeling (HMM) based approach for recognizing objects in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. We identify the peculiar characteristics of SAR sensors and using these characteristics we develop feature based multiple models for a given SAR image of an object. The models exploiting the relative geometry of feature locations or the amplitude of SAR radar return are based on sequentialization of scattering centers extracted from SAR images. In order to improve performance we integrate these models synergistically using their probabalistic estimates for recognition of a particular target at a specific azimuth. Experimental results are presented using both synthetic and real SAR images.


A review is made on the application areas and the development of technics of electroless copper plating. The research works on the mechanism of electroless copper plating are also summarized. Some research problems needed to be settled in the future are indicated.


This paper presents a method for estimating the position of a mobile robot in an indoor environment. The proposed technique uses a model of the environment formed by two panoramic cylindrical images taken at different locations, and a planar image taken at the current position. The current position and orientation of the robot are then computed without any additional information. We assume that the robot is moving on a plane (floor plane), which is very common for indoor environments. Our method is attractive because it does not require an explicit 3D model of the environment, and the location of the camera is not restricted to positions very close to the cylindrical models. We will describe experimental results for both synthetic and real data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Optical movement tracking is a non-intrusive method to determine the acting forces
and moments on a wind tunnel model. The elemental tracking process is based on a series of images showing the model-contour during the movement. By fitting a given model geometry to each picture, data of the object's position and orientation over time can be gained. Differentiated twice, its acceleration and thus the forces applied to it are obtained.
In high-enthalpy shock tunnels, the short testing time doesn't allow classic force measuring techniques based on stress-equilibrium. When simulating a Mach 8 current in 30km altitude, the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Goettingen (HEG) achieves a test time of 3 ms to 6 ms [5], making optical tracking a promising method. Different force measurement techniques have been used at the HEG prior to the recent optical tracking method. The Stress Wave Force Measurement Technique was a method to obtain lift, drag and pitching moment by observing the model's dynamic response to flow arrival. Strain gauges monitor the propagation of stress waves through the model and the supporting structure and allow to draw conclusions about the acting aerodynamic forces. Besides the necessarily careful calibration, also the possible interference of the supporting sting with the current accounts for the downsides of the method. As a result, a method based on optical tracking was developed, inspired by similar techniques used at the T5 shock tunnel of GALCIT [7–9]. The model was supported by an exterior structure and filmed during its movement in the flow. To enable this movement, the support structure was flexible to a certain extent. Later, a free flight of the model during test time was achieved by suspending it from Kevlar threads which were cut off by integrated razor blades upon flow arrival. This way the probable influence of the support sting is avoided leaving only minor interferences.


Introduction Sprinting in football matches contributes directly to securing ball possession and goal scoring (1). Research into physical qualities that underlie sprint performances is crucial. There is a strong relationship between strength and maximal sprinting speed in elite male footballers (2). However, it is uncertain whether these findings apply at sub-elite levels. Moreover, there is limited research investigating the relationships of concentric and more specifically eccentric strength with sprint performances. Therefore the aim was to determine the relationships of concentric and eccentric isokinetic strength with sprinting speed in male sub-elite footballers. Methods Data was collected from preseason testing of 53 male footballers {University (n = 32; age 20.8 ± 2.17 years) and semi-professional (n = 21; age = 23 ±3.22 years)}. The following tests were performed; 1.) Eccentric and concentric strength testing of the knee extensors and flexors at an isokinetic speed of 90 degrees per second and 2.) Linear sprints over 30 metres which included times for 10 metres (acceleration) and the flying 20 metre (maximal speed). Pearson product moment correlations were used to determine the relationships between isokinetic peak torque to body mass values (bilateral average) and sprinting times. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results A significant correlation was observed between eccentric strength of the knee flexors and the flying 20m sprint (r = −0.34; P = 0.02) (Table 1). Furthermore, concentric strength of the knee extensors and flexors were correlated with both 30m (r = −0.35, P = 0.02; r = −0.42, P = 0.002) and flying 20m sprints (r = −0.50, P = 0.0002; r = −0.52, P = 0.00007), respectively (Table 1). Abstract P-85 Table 1 Correlations between isokinetic strength (normalised to body mass) and sprint times in male sub-elite footballers (n = 53) r - values Concentric knee extensors Concentric knee flexors Eccentric knee extensors Eccentric knee flexors 10m −0.05 −0.18 −0.18 −0.05 30m −0.35* −0.42** −0.03 −0.25 Fly 20m −0.50† −0.52† −0.07 −0.34* * P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, P < 0.001 Conclusion The results confirm the relationships of concentric (knee extensor/flexor) and eccentric (knee flexor) strength with maximal sprinting in male sub-elite footballers. However, the relationships are moderate, suggesting that other factors (neuromuscular and technical), may also play a role in determining sprint performances. The insignificant findings between strength and 10 metre sprints could be attributed to a smaller contribution of the knee extensor/flexor muscles to horizontal propulsion during accelerations. It is suggested that exercises that develop maximal concentric and eccentric strength be added to football-specific speed interventions in sub-elite footballers. Improving maximal strength in both contraction modes of the knee extensors and flexors may improve speed in sprints longer than 10m. References Faude O, Koch T, Meyer T. Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2012;30(7):625–631 Cotte T, Chatard J-C. Isokinetic strength and sprint times in English Premier League football players. Biology in Sport. 2011;28(2):89–94


South Africa urgently needs HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction interventions for recently circumcised men for use in clinic and community settings. A theory-based HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling intervention has recently been adapted for use in a South African traditional and medical circumcision setting. The 3 hours behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling was grounded in the Information- Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) model of HIV preventive behaviour change, adapted through interdisciplinary collaborative workshops and feasibility study. This paper reports the process of adapting the behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling intervention into a medical and traditional male circumcision setting. The processes used for adapting the HIV behavioural disinhibition risk reduction counselling for South African men provides a potential model for translating behavioural intervention into clinical and community settings in South African cultural contexts. Several lessons learned from this process may help guide future efforts to translate behavioural medicine HIV prevention technologies into the male circumcision contexts.


A Doppler lidar wind sounder is currently the only instrument that can provide the direct measurement of the global, tropospheric wind field, which is fundamental to advancing our understanding and prediction of possible climate change and would significantly increase the skill of numerical weather Forecasts. NASA has successfully completed Phase B (definition) studies for a space-based Doppler lidar, referred to as the Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder (LAWS) instrument. The status of the LAWS program and the importance of global winds for weather and climate prediction is discussed.<<ETX>>


"Branding" is the process by which a company employs marketing strategies to get people to easily remember their business and products over another…. essentially, its applied psychology. A regional brand is a small-scale brand recognized only in a certain geographic location or located certain region. In the past, regional brands were confined by their geography and location; however, today's technology allows for regional brands to reach the target markets and compete with national brands. "Regional Brand" is highly-focused personal or local brand built with clever public relations, innovating targeted marketing and strategic networking. Regional branding is to discover what your customers' value and to make common values known. Probably the biggest strength the regional brands bring to the table is that they are often close to the market and respond to changes faster.


With the inevitable procrustean effects, this paper attempts to summarize familiar and arcane writing on the presidency and its incumbents. I divide the literature into six categories, each of which, I suggest, represents a relatively distinctive perspective on the presidency. I portray these approaches by comparing and contrasting the beliefs and assertions of representative writers along four dimensions: first, presidential responsibilities; second, the powers of the office; third, the importance of the occupant's behavior; and fourth, prescriptions for institutional changes-which often but not invariably stem from the first three dimensions. These beliefs and assertions may be refurbished, revised, or modified in some way by the actions of Presidents, and by the horde of words which scholars, politicians, journalists, and other scribes compose and, with the encouragement and sometimes at the behest of publishers, purvey. I therefore attempt not only to distinguish the six different perspectives, but also to suggest why and how some of them have undergone change.l This paper is not an attempt to canvass the entire range of literature about the presidency or about particular Presidents. I concentrate on selected and representative works. Writings which treat particular facets of the office and its incumbent-subjects such as elections, advisory systems, presidential personality, and so on-are excluded from my purview.2 Nor do I include epiphenomena from the Saturday Review and New York Times Sunday Magazine. Moreover, by concentrating on the written word, I totally ignore television which, primarily because of its pervasiveness and its personalization of the presidency, has a far more important impact on the mass public's knowledge and myths than any of the works


This paper presents cases in which a neutron star (NS; or a black hole) companion to a type-Ib or type-Ic (stripped-envelope) core-collapse supernova (CCSN) accretes mass from the explosion ejecta and launches jets minutes to hours after explosion. The NS orbits at a pre-explosion radius of a ≃ 1−5 R⊙. When the ejecta velocity drops to , the ejecta gas that the NS accretes possesses sufficient specific angular momentum to form an accretion disk around the NS. The NS accretes a fraction of of the ejecta mass through an accretion disk over a time period of 10 minutes–few hr. If the jets carry about 10% of the accretion energy, then their total energy is a fraction of about 0.003−0.03 of the kinetic energy of the ejecta. The implications of these jets from an NS (or a black hole) companion to a CCSN are the shaping of the inner ejecta to have a bipolar morphology, energizing the light curve of the CCSN, and in some cases the possible enrichment of the inner ejecta with r-process elements.


The invention discloses a method for making and using a self-cleaning spraying liquid. A TiO2 colloidal solution is prepared by adopting a hydrothermal synthesis method, and is dissolved into an organic solvent in a certain ratio to obtain the self-cleaning spraying liquid. A durable protection coating can be formed on the surfaces of glass, metal, bath ceramics and wall bodies rapidly in a simple spraying or coating way. The coating has self-cleaning capability, can be used for effectively degrading organic matters under the sunlight, and the contact angle between the coating and water is smaller than 5 degrees. The performance of rain resistance, mist resistance and self-cleaning capability is well realized.


Abstract:T.H. White not only uses medieval hunting treatises for source material in The Once and Future King, he also engages in interpretive reading. He makes the implicit explicit through exclamatory amplification and thereby demonstrates a close affinity for medieval modes of reading and writing.


Mailing address: Faculdade de Nutrição – Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL) Avenida Lorival Melo Mota, S/N – Campus A.C. Simões, Tabuleiro do Martins – 57072-970 – Maceió, AL, Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of the O2 kinetics on the running strategy adopted during a 10km running race in runners with different performance levels. Twenty-one runners (28.5 ± 5.3 years; 17.6 ± 7.3 cm; 66.3 ± 9.3 kg) performed 1) a test with increments of 1.2 km.h-1 every 3 min until exhaustion; 2) one 6-min test of constant velocity at 9 km.h-1 for determination of O2 kinetics and; 3) a 10 km time trial simulation. The subjects were divided into two groups, Moderated Performance (MP) and Low Perfomance (LP), based on the 10-km running performance. Mean velocity (MP= 16.9 ± 0.8 vs BP= 14.9 ± 1 km.h-1) on the 10km race was significantly different (p<0.05) between groups. There were no differences (p>0.05) between groups in any kinetics parameters analyzed. However, the O2 increase amplitude (A1 parameter) was inversely correlated with mean velocity (r= -0.48, p < 0.05) and with the partial velocities on time trial (r between -0.44 and -0.48, p < 0.05), except for the last session (r=-0.19, p > 0.05). In conclusion, the correlation of A1 parameter with the partial velocities suggests an influence of running economy on the strategy adopted during the 10 km time trial.


Abstract 3255 The platelet αIIbβ3 integrin receptor plays a central role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Small molecule inhibitors of αIIbβ3 based on the RGD cell recognition sequence block ligand binding by interacting with αIIb D224 via their positively-charged (R-like) group and coordinating the Mg 2+ ion in the metal ion adhesion site (MIDAS) via their carboxyl (D-like) group. We recently reported a novel inhibitor of αIIbβ3 (RUC-1) that binds exclusively to αIIb and we now report the structure-based design and synthesis of RUC-2 [2-amino-N-(3-(5-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)acetamide; MW 385], a RUC-1 derivative with ∼100-fold higher affinity and an IC 50 = ∼90 nM for ADP-induced platelet aggregation. RUC-2, like RUC-1 shows specificity for αIIbβ3 compared to αVβ3 and produces much less exposure of the β3 LIBS1 epitope than does eptifibatide (eptifibatide=100%, untreated platelets=22±3 %; RUC-2=21±3%). RUC-2 also produces less of a global conformational change in αIIbβ3 compared to eptifibatide as measured by dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, and electron microscopic imaging of αIIbβ3 in nanodiscs. X-ray crystallography of RUC-2 soaked into the αIIbβ3 headpiece in 1 mM Ca 2+ and 5 mM Mg 2+ at 2.6 A revealed that RUC-2 binds to αIIb much the way RUC-1 does, but in addition it binds to one of the sidechain carboxyl oxygens of the β3 MIDAS residue Glu-220, thus displacing Mg 2+ from the MIDAS. When RUC-2 was soaked into the crystal in the presence of 20 mM Mg 2+ , however, the Mg 2+ was identified in the MIDAS and RUC-2 was absent from the pocket. Molecular dynamics simulations were in accord with the X-ray crystallographic data. Support for competition between RUC-2 and Mg 2+ for binding to the MIDAS came from studies showing that increasing the Mg 2+ concentration significantly decreased RUC-29s ability to inhibit PAC-1 binding to CHO cells expressing αIIbβ3, platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, and thrombin receptor activating peptide-induced platelet aggregation. We conclude that RUC-2 inhibits ligand binding with high affinity and specificity by a novel mechanism in which it competes with Mg 2+ for Glu-220, and as such may offer advantages as a therapeutic agent. The binding pocket of RUC-2 in the closed αIIbβ3 headpiece crystal structure. αIIb and β3 are shown as solvent accessible surfaces. Ca 2+ ions of SyMBS or ADMIDAS (yellow) are shown as spheres. RUC-2 and selected αIIbβ3 sidechain and backbone atoms are shown as sticks with green (RUC-2), light blue (αIIb), or wheat carbons (β3), red oxygens, blue nitrogens, and yellow sulphurs. Water molecules are small red spheres. Hydrogen and metal coordination bonds are shown as dashed blue lines. Disclosures: Coller: Centocor/Accumetrics/Rockefeller University: Royalty interests in abciximab/VerifyNow assays/RUC-1 and RUC-2.


The history of our national mediation institution is long.It goes through several thousands of years of rapid development.Compared with the decision,the court mediation has its unique superiority,which is the intrinsic basis on which it can develop while the unity of mediation and trial has brought about many problems.In the harmonious society,our People's Courts should try their best to perfect and use the mediation.


Teacher information terminal (100) includes a page turning is performed whenever content is used to communicate the paging unit paging indication indicating the content of the plurality of students each transmitted together with the information terminal (200) (112); a plurality of students are provided with the information terminal (200): a communication unit (212), receiving paging indication information terminal (100) of the teacher; inquiry unit (213), when the communication unit (212) receives the paging indication, to indicates whether to follow an inquiry page to the user (30); turning processing unit (215), in the case where the result of the inquiry is to follow the instruction results page, page content is performed, does not follow the result of the inquiry is in turn the results of the case indicated pages, page content is not executed.


This paper focuses on the studying on some flow problems of nonlinear based on the Element Free Galerkin method. First the Navier-Stokes equation is discretized with the Galerkin method. The inertial term in the equation is discretized with the method of the speed term and direct deduction respectively. And the penalty function method is used to deal with the pressure and the essential boundary condition in the equation, and the discretization of two-dimensional N-S equation based on the EFG method is established. Then the flow problem of stationary nonlinear is studied. The flow problem of water in the rectangular domain squeezed by the two plates distributed above and below the calculated domain is studied with the method of EFG. The accuracy of the direct linear alternating interation method is shown by contrast with the analytical solution. Then the flow problem of unsteady nonlinear is studied. The θ-weighted method is used to discrete the time term of the N-S equation and the unsteady nonlinear solution matrix of EFG is established. The flow problem of flow around the square column is studied with the method of EFG and the flows under a series of low Reynolds are stimulated.


This study investigates (1) whether the pragmatic competence of Japanese learners of English improves when studying abroad and (2) the relationship between the learners' pragmatic development and their motivational factors. In order to investigate the pragmatic comprehension of conventional/non-conventional implicatures, a Pragmatic Comprehension Test (PCT) was given to approximately 150 Japanese learners of English before and after a sixteen-week study-abroad programme. A questionnaire exploring motivational factors, such as intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, L2 ideal/ought-to selves, Can-Do attitude, and willingness to communicate was also circulated amongst the participants before the programme. Factor analysis was performed to determine which factors were related to learners' motivation, and six factors were selected. The results indicated that the participants developed comprehension of conventional implicature but not non-conventional implicature. A cluster analysis was conducted on the participants' PCT scores, and the participants were divided into three groups. The highest scoring group showed a statistically significant result on one factor - confidence.


Research purpose and question. Theoretical framework. Artificial intelligence. Methodology. Research quality. Empirical findings. Anonymous company. Analysis. AI definition and functioning.


Acknowledgments Chapter 1: From atoms to bits and back again Chapter 2: Mobilities and the spatial turn Chapter 3: The infrastructure of locative media Chapter 4: Wayfinding through mobile interfaces Chapter 5: Location and social networks Chapter 6: Writing and archiving space Chapter 7: Market forces and the shaping of location-based services Chapter 8: The negotiation of locational privacy Conclusion: The future of locative media Notes References


Elizabeth Blackburn received a Nobel prize for discovering the molecular nature of telomeres (the ends of our chromosomes that serve as protective caps) and telomerase (the enzyme that maintains telomeres).


. Orthopedics is a clinical discipline, closely related to theoretical knowledge of such basic subjects as anatomy, radio-logy, biomechanics. It is necessary to know them for a deep clinical understanding of the pathology of organs. The classic educational system does not meet the imperative of our time but still remains in medical universities. The rapidly developing information flow causes the improvement of information and communication tech-nologies. Medicine needs an updated SMART educational system for the professional orientation of motivated Generation Z. These students want to get knowledge from modern electronic textbooks, interactive lectures, virtual patients, workshops and training, etc. The analysis of new generation thinking capacities requires re-forms in the educational process to maintain the competitiveness among medical universities in the education and labor market. Ignoring the current educational trends and SMART education, we negate students' optimal absorption of ever-greater information. So, to create a new medical educational format, we need to pay attention to modern requirements and implement new ways of communication and translation information. The implementation of educational trends in the pedagogy of the basic discipline sup-ports a spatial imagination in future doctors that provides professional mastery of clinical skills in orthopedics. Nowadays, various modern educational platforms AMBOSS, Lecturio, Prometheus, INgenius, etc. help to form pieces of knowledge in the fundamental disciplines. It allows fresh medical students with clip perception to study the various specializations much more easily. Author courses making, distance learning, gamification of medical education, a personalization of student learning, and enhancement of student mobility should become an integrative step into the international space. The speculative disregard of Z-generation's thinking oppo-ses the medical education development strategy. There is no reason to expect practically focused future specialists without an upgrade in the educative system.


In this paper we investigate how polarity inversion of speech signals effects human perception, and we apply this technique for data hiding. In most languages, glottal airflow during phonation is uni-directional, causing constant polarity of the speech waveform. On the other hand, the human auditory system cannot discriminate between speech signals with positive and negative polarity. Based on these facts, we developed an algorithm to hide data in speech signals. We assigned one bit to each syllable of speech, and inverted the polarity of the signal at every syllable according to the assigned bit. We performed a test using 20 sentences from the TIMIT corpus to determine both whether a human could distinguish between the original and polarity-inverted signal and whether we could automatically restore the embedded binary data. We found that we were able to successfully hide data and restore it automatically.


In modern conditions, the possibilities of using 3D printing in medicine are expanding, and it occupies about 11% of the global additive manufacturing market. At the Kirov Military Medical Academy and the ERA Military Innovation Technopolis, 3D printing is used for training, preoperative planning, the creation of splints, the manufacture of non-invasive functional products, and the creation of COVID-19 prevention aids.
In order to determine the prospects for development, foreign experience in the use of 3D printing in medicine has been studied over the past 5 years.
It is established that a register of clinical data on 3D printing is being created for training, 3D models are being printed to simulate tissue resistance during surgery. With the help of preoperative planning, Siamese twins are separated, doctors are trained in surgical operations on 3D models of elastic resin feet, cardiological models are used to predict the risk of complications during transcatheter implantation of an artificial aortic valve, as well as rehearsals of operations with congenital heart anomalies. Individual implants are manufactured for the lumbar and cervical spine, replacement of the damaged area of the chest and rib, finger phalanges, hip and knee replacements. As auxiliary products, individual surgical instruments for operations with low trauma, orthopedic insoles, elastic stents for the urethra and mesh stents of the trachea are created. New materials made of polyamide (PA11), polyesteresterketone, titanium alloys, absorbable polymer and biocompatible resin are offered for 3D printing. There are new 3D printing software and updates of existing ones. Personalized braces and aligners are printed in dentistry. With the help of 3D printing, individual multi-layered polytablets, smart tablets that release medicinal substances on command from a smartphone, childrens chewing tablets are created. For research purposes, the following devices have been printed: simulating cardiac tissue with sensors to track the effects of drugs and toxins; predicting the individual response of the biopsy tumor material to treatment; diagnosing some infectious diseases using a smartphone and a silicon microfluidic chip.
The use of 3D printing in medicine individualizes and improves the quality of medical care.


The invention discloses a low-melting-point glass fiber reinforced inflaming retarding PET resin composition and a preparation method thereof. The composition is prepared from 9.4-81.4 parts of low-melting-point PET resin, 0-15 parts of flexibilizer, 10-20 parts of bromine-containing fire retardant, 3-5 parts of flame retardant synergist, 5-50 parts of glass fibers and 0.6 part of antioxygen. The low-melting-point PET resin is special PET resin with the melting point ranging from 190 DEG C tot 230 DEG C; the flexibilizer is at least one of ethylene-vinyl acetate, ethylene-methyl acrylate, ethylene-ethyl acrylate, ethylene-butyl acrylate, low density polyethylene, a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene-octylene copolymer, an ethylene-ethyl acrylate-glycidyl ester copolymer and an ethylene-butyl acrylate-glycidyl ester copolymer. The bromine-containing fire retardant is at least one of brominated polystyrene, decabromodiphenyl ethane, bromide polycarbonate, brominated epoxy and the like. The variety and use mount of the low-melting-point PET resin, the flexibilizer and the fire retardant are optimized, and the prepared low-melting-point glass fiber reinforced inflaming retarding PET resin composition has the advantages of being low in melting point, high in toughness and the like and can be widely applied to injection molding products.


The Biology of Air-Breathing Fishes: Introduction. Environmental Factors Affecting Air-Breathing Fishes. What is an Air-Breathing Fish? The Types of Air-Breathing Fishes. Summary and Overview. Diversity and Natural History: Introduction. The Class Osteicthyes: Families of Air-Breathing Fishes. Summary and Overview. Respiratory Organs: Introduction. Historical. Anatomy and Morphometrics. Types of Air-Breathing Organs. Lungs and Respiratory Gas Bladders. ABOs of the Higher Teleosts. Circulatory Adaptations: Introduction. Defining the Problems. Comparative Circulatory Specialization. Pulmonary Circulation: Lungfishes and Primitive Actinoperterygians. Summary and Overview. Aerial and Aquatic Gas Exchange: Introduction. Defining the Problems. Comparative Circulatory Specialization. Pulmonary Circulation: Lungfishes and Primitve Actinoperterygians. Summary and Overview. Cardiorespiratory Control: Introduction. Physical and Chemical Aspects. Comparative Aspects of Ventilatory Control: Fishes and Mammals. Studies of Bimodal Control. Studies of Central and Peripheral Control. Studies of ABO Receptors. Cardiorespiratory Reflexes. Summary and Overview. Blood Respiratory Properties: Introduction. Hemoglobin Function in Air-Breathing Fishes. Other Aspects of Air-Breathing Fish Blood Function. Summary and Overview. Metabolic Adaptations: Introduction. Oxygen Access and Intermediary Metabolism. Nitrogen Metabolism. Summary and Overview. Synthesis: Introduction. The Natural History of Fish Air Breathing. Factors Leading to the Evolution of Air Breathing. Air-Breathing Specializations. Air Breathing and Aquaculture. Fish Air Breathing and the Evolution of Tetrapods. References. Index.


ABSTRACT The use of thin web/shell clay unit masonry is becoming increasingly widespread for its good thermal and acoustic insulation performance. However, vertical perforated clay units with thin webs/shells could be a source of weakness and brittleness when used in load-bearing masonry walls subjected to shear cyclic excitations. The aim of this research is therefore to study the applicability of such construction systems in moderate to medium seismic areas, evaluating their seismic performance through an experimental investigation followed by a numerical research. In this context, the paper will present the results of the in-plane test campaign on 16 masonry piers representing three different masonry typologies, assembled using vertically hollowed clay units with thin webs and shell and tested under controlled boundary conditions, with different in-plane slenderness ratios and different applied vertical loads. The results are discussed in terms of in-plane failure modes, associated lateral strength and stiffness, displacement and dissipation capacity, comparing the performance within the three different typologies and with similar masonry tested in the past with clay units having common (thicker) webs and shells. The main experimental outcomes show that the considered typologies provide a sufficiently good lateral performance, providing stiffness, resistance, deformation capacity and post-peak behaviour in line with the corresponding "traditional" masonry systems without any source of additional brittleness.


In this our research, we try to explain religious life which composes umbrella of religion that is a sociological reality religion, devotion, being temporality, culture and daily living. Generally we express that how religious life which reflects the most clearly social life and factors, to be performed and perceived in Kars and around by making studies and also features, importance and effects on individuals and communal group, additionally, individuals daily living, devotion and facts of being Temporality of social groups and individuals at all points. Significant evidences are obtained about religious life in Kars and around to be used documentation method in academic part of our research and questionnaire method in practical section. As a result of research, it is revealed clearly that religion has a considerable influence on social organism and culture, there is an interactive relationship among elements which constitute social organism, daily life has both sociological and social reality, all societies which live some improvement and variation, encounter with the fact of being temporariness, in Kars and around, religious life experienced variation and transformation. Besides, research findings indicate that district people didn't be temporariness in the strict sense and absolutely in spite of formal and symbolical modernization. Although district people's standard of living, modes of living, frames of mind, visions of world and comsumption habits get changed in time, it is detected that traditional and religious values are still effective on current daily way of life of district people.


This symposium includes four papers focusing on several issues related to individual differences in dynamic spatial reasoning ability. This work grows out of three important considerations. First, there are many tasks requiring individuals to make real-time judgments and decisions regarding moving objects. Air traffic controllers, for example, must be able to simultaneously assess and integrate informat ion regarding the relat ive velocities and positions of numerous moving objects. Airplane pilots and other machinery operators have a corresponding need to be able to integrate their actions with information provided by both controllers and onboard instruments. Second, traditional measures of spatial ability and spatial reasoning are highly restricted and focus exclusively on judgments about static spatial displays and objects. Recently, however, it has been shown that measures of individual differences in performance derived from dynamic spatial display tasks define a dimension of spatial ability that is distinct from factors commonly assessed by static spatial display tasks and tests (Hunt, Pellegrino, Frick, Farr & Alderton, 1988). Hunt et al. (1988) found two tasks that were markers for this dynamic spatial reasoning factor an object intercept task and a twoobject arrival time task. Third, other recent work has shown that individual differences in performing a task such as simultaneously coordinating dynamic spatial information (e.g., arrival time) and verbal information are a function of a general coordinating ability as well as the specific dynamic spatial and verbal ability components (e.g., Pellegrino, Hunt & Yee, 1 989).


More and more companies across the word consider the organisation culture vital for the performance of their employees and ultimately for their business success. To identify and assess the organisation culture a number of instruments have been developed. The purpose of this research is to investigate what are the key dimensions or areas addressed by organisational culture assessing instruments administered across organisations from different geographical regions and if companies prefer to use a standard instrument or develop a custom made questionnaire. The research was made by conducting a literature review to understand what instruments have been previously developed and standardised for profiling and assessing the organisational culture.


This paper introduces a new kind of mosaic, called the Decorative PixMosaic, where photo tiles of square shapes are used to compose the final image. We can express the resulting image with a similar color distribution of input images from small photo tiles. Based on an input image, user-selected edge features and a wide range of photo tiles, the method can both reproduce the image's textures and emphasize the selected edges by placing tiles that follow the edges. The voronoi site is situated in the center point of the tile using the Centroidal Voronoi Diagram for equally maintaining the distance among the tiles. To express the edges using tiles on the voronoi site as the center point, tiles do not cross image edges and are drawn up as following edge's direction. We use a distribution photo with similar color selected from the photo database. It is important to search for a visually similar photo. Hence we must have a large number of photo tiles.


We identified the knowledge of local people about plant species and determined specific conservation areas for land and water conservation purposes. The study was conducted at the sacred natural site Kabuyutan Panghulu Gusti (KPG) in Ciomas Village in Indonesia. We used the participant observation method to obtain cultural information. The results revealed that 130 plant species, dominated by tree species (69.2%), were found and recognized as having conservation functions that would be useful in the totally 15 conservation areas. We established a conservation area map to implement conservation strategies, and suggested to strengthen the custodian's role as the primary manager.


Abstract Background  A normal retractor often interferes with the ribs and/or thighs of the ipsilateral side when the skin and abdominal muscles are towed while performing the lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) procedure in the lateral position. To overcome this, we developed an obtuse-angled retractor. Methods  We modified the traditional retractors into oblique-angled retractors. The blade of the new retractors was bent to 60 degrees, the entire blade was thinned, and the tip of the blade was tapered. Results  To date, we have performed approximately 30 LPS procedures in the lateral position using the new oblique-angled retractor and confirmed its usefulness. Conclusion  An oblique-angled retractor helps confirm the accurate placement of the tip of the retractor blades, even in obese patients in whom the retractor often interferes with the ribs and/or thighs.


The present invention discloses an electric line planes, and including a horizontal bottom plate rotation means, the horizontal rotation means provided on the base plate and rotatably connected to the base plate, the horizontal rotation drive means connected to the power drive means. The utility model design reasonable, simple structure, provides an automated release bracket for the decentralization of the cable, substantially reduce the labor intensity, improve work efficiency, shorten the construction period, practical, easy application.


Firstly, this paper points out the conception error and the difficulty of current ways of outlining the polygon medial axis by analysis and comparison. With a discrete view, multiline set is decomposed into many monotone point factors and line factors, then we mark out the effect area for each element and get each element's counterpart medial axis point set independently through orientation-index and route-index which based on point and line respectively. With the aid of these single elements, medial axis' distributing rule and its character is also revealed deeply. At last, we can outline the final medial axis between a single point and multiline set by the synthesis of each element's index point-set in order. During this course reversion circle is used to simplify the structure of medial axis and to illustrate the essence of medial axis. The continuity and singleness identification is also argued in this paper and some typical case such as closed multiline set is given in brief to prove our thoughts or to list as special case.


Let X be an infinite set and T ( X ) be the full transformation semigroup on X . In [4] and [6] Howie gives a description of the subsemigroup of T ( X ) generated by its idempotents. In order to do this he defines, for α in T ( X ), and refers to the cardinals s (α) = | S (α)|, d (α) = | Z (α)| and | c (α) = |C(α)| as the shift , the defect , and the collapse of α respectively. Then putting he proves that the subsemigroup of T ( X ) generated by its idempotents is . Furthermore, both F and Q are generated by their idempotents


. Nowadays cosmological inflation is the most accepted mechanism to explain the primordial seeds that led to the structure formation observed in the Universe. Current observations are in well agreement to initial adiabatic conditions, which imply that single-scalar-field inflation may be enough to describe the early Universe. However, there are several scenarios where the existence of more than a single field could be relevant during this period, for instance, the situation where the so-called spectator is present. Within the spectator scenario we can find the possibility that an ultra-light scalar field dark matter candidate could coexist with the inflaton. In this work we study this possibility where the additional scalar field could be free or self-interacting. We use isocurvature observations to constrain the free parameters of the model.


Paulo Freire is a representative of the Pedagogy of the Oppressed. He thinks that teachers should take the historical responsibility of transforming the consciousness of the oppressed. But in the oppressive situation, teachers also act as sub-oppressors. So teachers should try to overcome this duality in the educational context, and be a dialogist.


The identical graphite targets were irradiated by 60keV Ni+ and Ar+ ions with the fluences of 10 18/cm2 in turns under the same experimental conditions. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electron diffraction (ED), we found different-size nanoscale Ar-bubbles embedded in glass-carbon-like membranes for the first time. Moreover, in part of these nanobubbles Ar may have been formed into a solid-like structures.


N-iodoacetamide in organic solvents with H2S04 iodinates successfully alkylbenzenes, aromatic amines and phenol ether. Electrophilic iodine activity is controlled by medium acidity. Super electrophilic iodine formed at N-iodoacetamide dissolution in sulfuric acid reacts easily with electron-deficient arenes at 0...20 °C forming iodinated products.


The co-operation and co-construction between the academy and the county promoted the or- ganic combination between the scientific behavior and the governmental behavior,accelerated the inno- vation and the transformation of science and technology and boost the new rural construction and pro- duction development.It built up the platform of the transformation of science and technology.The new thought and pathway were exploited for the service,popularization and support of science and technology.It increased the income of the farmers,the efficiency of agriculture and accelerated the de- velopment pace of the country and created better benifit of society and economy.


At present,accounting of commercial forest production are taking enterprising accounting system both domestic and overseas.Complete economic accounting is not carried out,so it is not good for keeping separate accounts and enterprising management.In view of this existing situation,this paper brings that the production of commercial forest should carry out special accounting——namely complete economic accounting,according to the feature of production and management.


In this paper, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) films were prepared by three kinds of annealing methods which were different in cooling speed. The crystallinity of those HDPE samples were measured and compared. A high DC voltage was applied to the samples and the space charge formed was measured. Homo-charges were found in samples that were applied with a negative high voltage. The space charge properties were discussed, based on crystallinity. From these results, it is found that the space charge formed in samples cooled at high speed is more than that of the samples cooled at normal and low speed.


We prove that any complete hyperbolic 3‐manifold with finitely generated fundamental group, with a single topological end, and which embeds into S3 is the geometric limit of a sequence of hyperbolic knot complements in S3 . In particular, we derive the existence of hyperbolic knot complements that contain balls of arbitrarily large radius. We also show that a complete hyperbolic 3‐manifold with two convex cocompact ends cannot be a geometric limit of knot complements in S3 .