The invention relates to the technical field of crushers, in particular to an ultra-fine crusher. The ultra-fine crusher comprises a box body, a spindle and a hammer carrier fixed on the spindle, wherein a plurality of hammer heads are rotationally arranged on the hammer carrier; each hammer head comprises a hammer body and a hammer handle, a dowel hole is formed in the hammer handle, a section, perpendicular to the axis of the dowel hole, of the hammer body is fan-shaped, hammer edges are arranged on two sides of the side surface, far from the hammer handle, of the hammer body, so that to-be-crushed materials are crushed conveniently when the hammer head rotates, and multiple grooves parallel to the dowel hole are formed between the two hammer edges. According to the ultra-fine crusher, the hammer edges are arranged on two sides of each hammer head and produce a certain cutting function on the materials, and the crushing efficiency is high; meanwhile, the groove part between every two hammer edges is used for impacting the materials, the crushing efficiency is high, and the service life of each hammer head is long; the included angle of two side edges of the section, perpendicular to the axis of each dowel hole, of each hammer body is 60 degrees, so that wear of the hammer edges can be reduced under the premise that the crushing efficiency is improved in the working process.


Primary human urinary cells support growth and plaque formation by papovavirus BK, permitting plaque purification of the virus. After plaquing, the virus forms uniform plaques and its DNA has a homogeneous restriction enzyme fragment profile. Support of BK replication as well as morphological and cultural characteristics suggest an epithelial origin for the cells.


Haramosh valley is one of the beautiful valleys located at 35°53'04" N latitude and 074°41'11" E longitudeat elevation of 2500-5000 meters in district Gilgit. For the assessment of floristic diversity total 114 plant specieswere recorded at Maruk Nallah, out of which, 85 were herbs belonging to 34 families; 13 were shrubs belonging to 9families; while 16 were trees belonging to 10 families. Results showed that, family Asteraceae was the most dominantfamily with 12 genera and 21 species while the genus Artemisia was the most dominant genera, with six species.Through semi structured questionnaire and interviews ethno botanical data was collected from the inhabitants of thearea. Out of 114 plant species, People are habitual to use 65 plant species as a traditional medication for 45 differentailments. The plant parts used for medication include leaves (26%) followed by fruits (19.2%), seed and root 13.7%;aerial parts 12.3%; flower 5.48%, resin 4.11%; while the bulb contributes 2.74%. The inhabitants have a lot of culturaland mythical beliefs regarding some plant species. Some very important medicinal plants which have common usevalue as a local recipe include Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb, Betula utilis D. Don, Delphinium brononianum Royle.,Saussurea simpsoniana Field & Garden, Primula macrophyla D. Don, Pegnum harmala L., Geranium Pretense L.Saussurea simpsoniana Field and Garden, and Thymus linearis Benth.. The natural resources are under pressure dueto much grazing pressure, deforestation and over-exploitation need to conserve them for future generations.


Statewide traffic monitoring standards were established October 1988, by the New Mexico State Highway and Transportation Department. The quantity of data to be tested for compliance with the standards required the design, development, and implementation of a computer-based data analysis system. The Traffic Monitoring System (TMS) is the mainframe software package developed to implement the data standards. The system was designed in the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and installed June 1, 1989. The conceptual design of TMS and the SAS components are transferrable to other environments. The TMS is designed to process traffic volume, classification, speed, and weight data. There are four basic components of the system. A "User Interface and Automatic Initiation" component reports system condition and controls automatic data processing and report generation. The second component, "State Standards Edit Programs," validates raw traffic field data. The third component of the system is "Traffic Data Files." Standard traffic data are placed in the primary data files, and data not in compliance with the standards are stored in separate research files. The fourth component, "Report Generation Programs," produces required traffic monitoring reports. The TMS provides an efficient implementation of statewide traffic monitoring standards. The system preserves the integrity of the base data while meeting current reporting requirements. The TMS offers an opportunity for analytically addressing current and future traffic monitoring issues.


Typical scenery of rural tourism is the last to be developed in China's development of tourism resources. The rural scenery has its unique cultural value and social value so that it stimulates the development of rural tourism.


The corrosion of steel rebars is a major issue with respect to the durability of reinforced concrete structure. Several corrosion evaluation methods exist: half-cell potential, concrete resistivity or linear polarization resistance (LPR) measurement. However, these techniques are employed at a given moment and are not suitable for continuous corrosion evaluation. This works belongs to the DIAMOND project which aims to produce a new corrosion state measurement monitoring device. The monitoring probe consists on a cylindrical probe. A ring shape counter-electrode CE is plated on the probe side. At the centre of the CE, a reference electrode (RE) is placed for potential measurement. The device is embedded in concrete at 25 mm of the inspected rebar. The instantaneous ohmic drop observed at the beginning of the polarization measurement is only linked with the concrete resistance which depends on concrete cover and resistivity. A numerical model was developed on Comsol® to create abacuses graph that link concrete resistivity and concrete resistance. Thus, the ohmic drop measure at the beginning of the polarization can now be used to determine regularly concrete average resistivity between the monitoring probe and steel rebar. Two other series of abacus graphs are then introduced in order to determine the polarization resistance of the rebar in front of the monitoring probe (the point of interest (PI)). Two monitoring probes were placed in two types of concrete (one sound concrete and one concrete with chloride). Corrosion potential, concrete resistivity and rebar corrosion rate were monitored over around 200 days. The experimental results obtained with the monitoring probe are finally compared to the results obtained with the surface DIAMOND probe (introduced in the ICCRRR 2018 paper "Alternative methodology for linear polarization resistance assessment of reinforced concrete structure [1]").


A study to investigate the resin collection behaviour of stingless bees was conducted on three different species of Dipterocarpaceae trees, namely Keruing ( Dipterocarpus grandiflorus ), Damar hitam ( Shorea balanocarpoides ) and Meranti ( Shorea parvifolia ) between January to March 2018. Three digital single-lens reflexes DSLR with macro lens attached was used to record resin collection of stingless bees in front of three trees for 5 min per hour between 0900 to 1600 h for a day per 3 months. Result showed that there was a significant difference in the mean numbers of resin-foraging stingless bees (F=9.91; df=7, 23; P˂0.05) on Keruing between 0900 h to 1600 h for three months samplings. Similar result was observed on Meranti (F=7.21; df=7, 23; P˂0.05) and Damar hitam (F=21.37; d=7, 23; P˂0.05) in the mean number of resin collecting by stingless bees right between 0900 h to 1600 h. The highest number of resin collected by stingless bees was at 1300 hours followed by 1200 hours. A total of 2,730 individuals embracing 11 species of stingless bees were recorded collecting resin headed by Homotrigona fimbriata followed by Tetragonilla collina and Tetrigona apicalis . Thus, it is hope these data would be a guideline for farmers to enhance their meliponiculture.


Aluminous augite from an augite-pyroxenite occurring as a lens in the pyroxene granulites of the charnockite rocks, interbedded with garnet-siUimanite gneisses, quartzites and calc-granulites, is described. The presence of high aluminium in the augite indicates high temperature and pressure conditions of erystaUisation and suggests that the ultrabasie and basic members of the charnockite rocks of Visakhapatnam have crystallised from an olivine tholeiitic magma.


1. Mostacciuolo M, Pastorello E, Vazza G et al. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: epidemiological and molecular study in a north-east Italian population sample. Clin Genet 2009: 75: 550–555. 2. Lemmers RJLF, Van der Vliet PJ, Klooster R et al. A unifying genetic model for fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Science 2010: 329: 1650–1653. 3. Scionti I, Greco F, Ricci G et al. Large-scale population analysis challenges the current criteria for the molecular diagnosis of fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet 2012: 90: 628–635.


Background and study aims: Preoperative pathological diagnosis may improve clinical management decisions in patients with upper gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors (SETs). The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic yield of deep biopsy via an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technique, the complications associated with the procedure, and the impact on management of patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs. Patients and methods: A total of 68 patients with SETs in the stomach or esophagus were voluntarily assigned to two groups. One group underwent endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic deep biopsy using the ESD technique (40 patients), and the other group (28 patients) underwent surgical resection after EUS without obtaining preoperative pathological diagnosis, in accordance with accepted clinical management algorithms. Results: The diagnostic yield of deep biopsy was 90 % (36/40). The results of deep biopsy changed the treatment plans in 14/40 patients (35 %). One patient with lymphoepithelial carcinoma was scheduled for surgical resection, and 13 patients with benign SETs of diameter ≥ 2 cm avoided surgery. Of the 28 patients who underwent surgical resection without preoperative pathological diagnosis, 12 (42.9 %) were confirmed to have benign lesions. The mean procedure time for deep biopsy was 13.7 minutes. There were no procedure-related complications in the deep biopsy group.  Conclusions: Deep biopsy by the ESD technique is a safe, high-yield, diagnostic method in patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs. Pathologic confirmation could improve clinical decision making in the management of patients with upper gastrointestinal SETs. Clinical trial registration: NCT 01993199


Received: 5 July 2017 Abstract Accepted: 8 November 2017 There is already a wide acceptance on the importance of involving supplier and customer companies in product development. Decent understanding prevails on the relationshiporiented approach to product development including various collaboration forms. However, there is less research on the factors explaining the decision of attending to joint product development. In addition, less studies have examined the integrated role of both suppliers and customers in product development initiatives. This study searches answers to the following research questions: 1. What is the role of different actors in product development initiatives? 2. What factors motivate suppliers and customers to participate in product development? The research is carried out as an in-depth qualitative single case study in a large project manufacturing company. It takes the perspective of a focal company striving for product improvements. The first part of the empirical study consists of 15 semi-structured interviews. The second part includes two discursive workshops and builds upon the results of the interviews. This study contributes to the existing research by explaining the challenges and conditions facilitating joint product development with supplier and purchaser companies. The results highlight the role of customers in improving the effectiveness of product development. As a practical contribution, the paper reports the application of workshop method as a facilitator of collaboration between supplier, purchaser (focal company) and customer companies.


Antenna arrays with a large number of sensors are becoming increasingly common in radio astronomy. This has motivated the development of array signal processing tools for high-resolution imaging that exploit source signal properties such as sparsity and spectral or temporal variability. We propose a new multi-frequency covariance matrix model for radio astronomical imaging that exploits spectral variability of the astronomical sources. We show that tensor decomposition methods can be used to compute high-resolution images of astronomical scenes that comprise Q point sources. In this context, tensor decomposition can reduce the problem to simpler single-point source imaging problems. We also explain how canonical correlation analysis can be used to mitigate or even altogether remove the effect of (unknown) narrowband interference sources, which is a key challenge in this context.


Abstract Advanced operational four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) schemes include a linearized version of moist convective parameterization and its adjoint. At the Meteorological Service of Canada, work is underway to implement 4DVAR for both global and regional operational data assimilation. Moreover, the Kain– Fritsch moist convective parameterization scheme is currently under operational testing for global and regional weather forecasting. Consequently, tangent linear and adjoint versions of this convective scheme have been developed. Sources of nonlinearities and accuracy of the tangent linear approximation of the convective scheme itself were examined. The procedure to test this latter aspect uses Monte Carlo simulations based on background error covariances from the operational three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system at the Canadian Meteorological Centre. It is shown that for a critical level of amplitudes of vertical perturbations of temperature or moisture...


Objective:To detect expression of CCL27 and CCR10 in skin lesions of patients with Bowen's Disease and compared with normal skin.Methods:The expression of CCL27 and CCR10 was measured by immunohistochemical staining of SABC procedure in 14 cases of Bowen's disease and 7 normal persons as control.Results:The expression of CCL27 and CCR10 in Bowen's disease lesions were significantly higher than those in healthy control(t=-4.34,P0.01;t=-12.32,P0.01).Furthermore,the difference of expression of CCL27 and CCR10 in Bowen's Disease lesions were significantly lower than those in healthy control(t=4.20,P0.01).Conclusion:These results suggest that the expression of CCL27 and CCR10 might play an important role in Bowen's Disease.


Background: In patients suffering from ESRD quality of life can be maintained by hemodialysis, CAPD or renal transplant. Adequate dose of hemodialysis is necessary for good quality of life. The hemodialysis adequacy is one of the most important issues influencing the survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Aim: To compare Kt/V measurement by online clearance module with conventional enzymatic urea analysis method and to compare the nutritional status of patients who are adequately dialyzed with those who are inadequately dialyzed. Design: Cross sectional observational study. Setting: Department of Hemodialysis and Nephrology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan Duration of Study with Dates: Six months (1 st August 2014 to 28 th February 2015). Methods: We studied 90 regular HD patients using Fresenius 4008S&H dialysis machines and BBraun dialogue+, equipped with online clearance modules (OCM) to measure Kt/V. OCM-based Kt/V was noted at the end of each dialysis session as well as pre and post dialysis sample were collected to measure urea clearance by using Daugirdaus equation to measure single pool Kt/V (conventional blood sampling method). Results: The Kt/V measured by OCM highly correlated with the one derived from conventional blood sampling method (r=0.80; p<0.01). The OCM-based method underestimated urea clearance by the mean of 7.3% and it varied greatly within individual patients with a mean of 1.39±0.24. Conclusion: The OCM-based method seems to be an easily obtained measure of the delivered dialysis dose, correlating well with standard equation based method of urea clearance. Substantial interdialysis session variations imply that repeated measures are necessary to obtain a real answer to the mean treatment dose being delivered to the patients.


ciencia (1911) and Carmen de Burgos El perseguidor (1907). Rousselle emphasizes the protagonist's disillusion with the discourses of science in the former novel, and the protagonist's discouragement with the state of feminism in the latter. Chapter eight turns to Blanca de los Ríos's Las hijas de don Juan (1907) and Miguel de Unamuno's Dos madres (1920) and argues that both works reveal the authors' dissatisfaction with gender roles and the state of the family, which serves as a microcosmic representation of the state. In the conclusion, Rouselle asserts that her readings of the literary works clearly negate assertions about Spain's lack of modernity. Covering twenty texts that belong to at least five different literary movements and that represent five different genres and sixteen different authors, Gender and Modernity is ambitious in its scope. Yet, in a mere 179 pages it often fails to engage in a meaningful way with important scholarship on authors, works, and topics that have already been studied extensively. It also occasionally incurs in historical imprecisions (two examples are "In 1898 . . . Spain had lost the last of its colonies" and "the hysterical woman, conveniently invented in the nineteenth century"). Because of the brevity of the individual analyses, the emphasis on traditional concepts of literary movements, and the extended time period of the study (well over a century), Gender and Modernity reads like a literary survey structured around the themes of gender and disillusion, the latter of which, I would argue, is not necessarily peculiar to modern literature. Where Gender and Modernity succeeds is in its treatment of lesser-known works and authors, its contextualization of the works in the individual chapters, and in its equal attention to texts produced during the Enlightenment, a period that is often ignored by scholars in the discussion of modernity. It is precisely this inclusiveness that will secure its place as a reference for students and scholars of modern Spanish literature, as well as a point of departure for further studies on the lesser-known works and authors studied here.


In this paper, I examine mobile territorial practices among participants in two global voluntary exchange networks. CouchSurfing (a hospitality network) and WWOOF (an organic farming network) are part of a broad spectrum of alternative travel economies rooted in global networks of mutual aid between and among hosts and guests. Using ethnography and interviews, I examine the extent to which the everyday practices and imaginaries of participants offer new configurations of, and relations to, mobility and territoriality. Mobility and territory have been conventionally positioned as opposed to one another, but recent work in geography has emphasised the contested co-constitution of movement/borderlessness and fixity/enclosure. The counter-territorial practices of Couchsurfing and WWOOF participants may, therefore, indicate ways of imagining and creating global collectivities and solidarities that counteract prevailing statist-capitalist territorial logics and relations. Deploying a critical framework drawn from the anarchist tradition, I interrogate the extent to which the autonomous "infrapolitics" of WWOOF and CouchSurfing participants offer alternative modes of living and relating globally.


In deciding to grant certiorari, the Supreme Court may have determined that a circuit split exists and that it is ripe for resolution. Jane E. Willis & Amy D. Paul (Ropes & Gray)


Riemann solitons are generalized fixed points of the Riemann flow. In this note, we study left-invariant Riemann solitons on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups. We completely classify left-invariant Riemann solitons on three-dimensional Lorentzian Lie groups.


We propose a multivariate tobit (MT) latent variable model that is defined by a confirmatory factor analysis with covariates for analysing the mixed type data, which is inherently non-negative and sometimes has a large proportion of zeros. Some useful MT models are special cases of our proposed model. To obtain maximum likelihood estimates, we use the expectation maximum algorithm with its E-step via the Gibbs sampler made feasible by Monte Carlo simulation and its M-step greatly simplified by a sequence of conditional maximization. Standard errors are evaluated by inverting a Monte Carlo approximation of the information matrix using Louis's method. The methodology is illustrated with a simulation study and a real example.


Malaysian law enforcement authorities were previously at a disadvantage in monitoring and investigating ICP cases. They lacked online tools to detect ICP and other cases of child sexual exploitation and relied on information from their international counterparts. The discovery of Richard Huckle and Blake Johnston, two child sex offenders who abused Malaysian children, was only possible with information shared by Australia's Argos Task Force and the US Homeland Security Investigations. While Malaysia currently practises information and intelligence exchange and collaboration in digital forensics, more action is needed to detect and monitor ICP activities. It is imperative for Malaysia to take all necessary steps to prevent, detect, investigate, punish, as well as address the root causes of ICP. This paper addresses this issue; it focuses on the dilemmas faced by Malaysian authorities in reducing the availability of ICP images and in deciding to prosecute offenders. It conducts an initial exploration of the ways in which authorities can protect children by proactively seeking out ICP images via a victim-identification database and blocking ICP images. The paper seeks to demonstrate that traditional policing methods, such as responding to citizen reports and image discovery through arrest and seizure, while still necessary, can be out-dated. Through semi-structured interviews with key-stakeholders from the Malaysian government and agencies, this study seeks to gain some insight into Malaysia's implementation and enforcement experience in relation to ICP. The study suggests how the present-day policing response of ICP images can be realigned to other key intermediaries on the internet.


This review article highlights some important points in the evolving area of predictive biomarkers determination in non-small-cell lung cancer toward standardization of testing practices, including EGFR mutations, ALK and ROS1 rearrangements and immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1. Considerations for selecting appropriate populations for molecular testing, and emergence of other targetable molecular alterations are also discussed.


This study was performed to define the seismic loading conditions for use in the crack stability assessment of a BWR for the applicability of the leak-before-break (LBB) criterion. The LBB has been applied to the design of Class-1 piping in Japanese light-water reactors. Crack propagation in the LBB applicability review is classified into the Level C service condition. Here an S1 -earthquake (maximum design earthquake) is currently assumed, rather than an S2 -earthquake (extreme design earthquake). In order to justify this assumption, the frequency of an S1 -earthquake occurring during coolant leakage due to crack propagation was determined. The frequency of coolant leakage from Class-1 piping must be less than that of the Level C service condition (2.5×10−2 to 1×10−4 per year) in order to assume that an S1 -earthquake is appropriate. Accordingly, the frequency of coolant leakage from Class-1 piping was calculated using a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM). The results of this analysis indicate that the frequency of coolant leakage from Class-1 piping is less than the expected occurrence of the Level C service condition. As the results, it is concluded that the assumption of the seismic loading employed in an LBB applicability review should be appropriate.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Introduction: Endotoxin detection and quantification in biological drugs and parenteral is
a crucial step in helping us to be confident in process control (IPC) and product release
decisions. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves either Limulus Amebocyte Lysate
(LAL) /Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate (TAL) derived from blue blood of horseshoe crabs to
detect and quantify endotoxin. This in turn increases harvest pressure on wild crabs for
biomedical bleeding practice which eventually leads to post bleeding mortality up to 30%.
In economic perspective, the LAL/TAL industry worth more than 50 million USD annually.
Methods: Numbers of methods were adopted to enhance the accuracy of endotoxin
detection, including gel clot, turbidimetric and chromogenic method. Results: However,
all these methods require crabs either from wild or from captive for bleeding purpose.
Though, various conservative measures are being taken, the habitat degradation and
anthropogenic pressures on wild crab population is still beyond control and leads to
unsustainable utilization of natural stock. Conclusions: Due to an increased demand of
LAL/TAL, the present review paper addresses the issues related to Eco-economical
viewpoint on sustainable utilization of wild stock for future LAL/TAL industry. It also
addresses pros and cons of recent advanced sensor technology in rapid and low cost
detection of endotoxin.


The complex shear modulus of an electrorheological (ER) adaptive sandwich beam is optimally estimated to model the system for vibration control. In the composition of a three layered beam, the ER fluid layer is embedded between two constraining layers. Using finite element (FE) method, the governing equations of the composite viscoelastic beam are derived. The developed model is compared with the results found in the literature. In addition, for a fabricated ER sandwich beam, the ASTM E756 standard is employed to estimate the complex shear modulus of the viscoelastic layer in different electric fields. An optimization procedure is conducted based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). In this process, the rough estimation of complex shear modulus extracted by ASTM E756 is modified to correlate the results of the FE model and the experimental tests. The updated FE model is mapped into an appropriate form that can be used for control objectives. Finally, a semi-active sliding mode control is utilized to attenuate the vibration of the adaptive sandwich beam by tuning its electric field dependent characteristics.


The invention introduces a manual double-torch double-side TIG welding technology for welding aluminum and aluminium alloy. The welding process comprises the following steps: a vertical upward welding technique is adopted, two manual welding torches simultaneously and respectively initiate arc and weld at the front side and the reverse side of welding joints to be welded; two tungsten electrodes are basically aligned; the two welding torches move simultaneously and share a melting bath; the front side of welding lines are filled with welding sticks while the reverse side is not. Welding parameters such as the reverse side welding torch current and the like are less than the welding parameters of the front side welding torch; once weld penetration is achieved and both sides are shaped; argon shield is adopted in the process of welding; inclination angles Alpha and Beta are controlled within the range of 70-100 degrees, the included angle Theta between the welding sticks and the welding torches is maintained within the range of 80-110 degrees. According to the welding technology of the invention, irregular space curve welding lines of medium wall are welded, the applied technology is flexible and the adaptability is high, thus simplifying production procedures and process steps, greatly improving welding efficiency, avoiding possibility of causing interlayer defects due to multilayer welding and improving interior quality of welding lines and appearance quality thereof.


This study aims to produce products in the form of learning media and instruments based on the 5E learning cycle model on harmonic vibration material. It is development research using the ADDIE model consisted of 5 stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages (this study was limited to the development stage). The products developed were Syllabus, Lesson Plan, Student Worksheets, and Critical Thinking Skill Instruments in Physics. The feasibility of the learning media and instrument developed was measured by three experts' validation by calculating the validity and reliability values of the media and instrument. The validity results based on the experts' assessment showed that the score of the syllabus was 3.70 with very valid criteria. The Lesson Plan was 3.66 with very valid criteria; the LKPD was 3.66 with very valid criteria, and the Critical Thinking Skill Instrument in Physics was 3.63 included in the very valid criteria. The reliability results of the syllabus were 94.52%, the Lesson Plan was 90.36%, the LKPD was 91.78%, and the Critical Thinking Skill Instrument in Physics was 93.62%, indicating that all aspects assessed had a reliable category. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the learning media and instrument developed are feasible to use in learning to improve students' critical thinking skills in Physics on harmonic vibrations material.


18th century points at an era where the national identity of English Art is on the verge of establishment with the founding of the Royal Academy. In this period landscape painting which starts to stand out on its own in Europe also stands out in England by plein air watercolor paintings. This research analyzes the early watercolor landscapes of Thomas Girtin and Joseph Mallord William Turher who worked in parallel between the years 1775-1802. The study is limited to these dates stated in the sentence before, because of Girtin's death in 1802. The lack of such a study in Turkish literature which analyzes these artitsts works together puts forth the necessity of this research. National and ınternational literature reviewed as a method and the works of these artists were analyzed based information gained from the source review. Firstly, the study scrutinizes the status of landscape painting in England at the end of the 18th century. Under the 2nd title the artworks which were produced together by Girtin and Turner under the Academy of Dr. Monro examined. 3rd title examines their works as apprentices. Under the 4th title the development of the artists observed trough their country tours. Under the 5th title both in the last years of Girtin, both artists activies examined. All of the information gained from the research arranged and presented at the reader under the conclusion section. The study aims to track down the process of construction of English watercolor school on these artists and provides a basis for further research on the early years of Girtin and Turner for Turkish researchers.


Article history Received: 13 January 2020 Accepted: 20 February 2020 Published Online: 31 March 2020 The study investigated the effect of eggshell and groundnut husk as fillers on flexible polyether foam. The fillers with the particle sizes of 50μm each were mixed in the ratio of 50:50. Diverse percentages of the two combined fillers ranging from 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% were incorporated into the polyether recipes in the appropriate foam formulations and foam samples were produced. The unfilled foam (0%filler) served as the standard control sample. The physico-mechanical test carried out on the foam showed increase in the properties such as density, compression set test, indentation hardness test, tensile strength test and decrease for elongation at break test as compared to the unfilled foam. The scanning electron microscopy result showed the cell sizes became smaller and concentrated with an irregular shape as the filler load increased, thereby making it denser and thicker. Eggshell and groundnut husk fillers may be used in the making of flexible polyether foam since these materials are organic in natures. They can improve the mechanical properties and biodegradability of polyurethane product. The utilization of these fillers in polymer composites productin will help in sanitizing the environment by reducing landfills and producing eco-friendly waste and also it influences cost positively.


This paper is devoted to the so-called complete Leibniz algebras. We construct some complete Leibniz algebras with complete radical and prove that the direct sum of complete Leibniz algebras is also complete. It is known that a Lie algebra with a complete ideal is split. We discuss the analogs of this result for the Leibniz algebras and show that it is true for some special classes of Leibniz algebras. Finally, we consider derivations of Leibniz algebras and present some classes of Leibniz algebras which are not complete, since they admit outer derivation.


Phospholine, an antitumor antibiotic, has the molecular formula of C25H40NO8P and possesses a delta-lactone and a phosphoric acid ester as functional groups. Its structure was determined based on interpretation of fast atom bombardment MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 13C-1H COSY, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectroscopy, elemental analysis and chemical modifications.


A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelors of Law of the University of Namibia


The effects of carbon codoping on the lattice location of Er atoms in silicon have been investigated using ion beam channeling. A float-zone (FZ) Si (100) wafer was first amorphized to a depth of ∼0.3 μm by Si ion implantation at 77 K. The amorphous Si layer was then implanted with carbon ions, and recrystallized via solid phase epitaxial growth. Finally, Er ions were implanted into C-doped and C-free Si samples at 300 °C. Angular scans along three major crystalline directions, that is, 〈100〉, 〈110〉, and 〈111〉, were performed for Er-implanted Si with and without C codoping. In FZ-Si, in which the carbon concentration is very low (<1016 cm−3), a large fraction (∼50%) of implanted Er atoms are found to occupy the near-tetrahedral (T) interstitial site, while few Er atoms are on the hexagonal (H) interstitial site. It is evident that the incorporation of C into Si tends to decrease the fraction of T-site Er atoms and relocate them to the H site. We have also determined the effective number (∼1.5) of carbon a...


ABSTRACT The role of spirituality among older adult couples seeking to enhance the quality of their relationship is a relatively unexplored field. Although baby boomers have effected profound changes in societal norms, including in health care, economics, and their work environments, at the more intimate level, the divorce rate for first-time marriages for this generation continues to be high. Popular media cite graying divorce or examples of couples who remain together in spite of their growing dissatisfaction. A case illustration is offered to explore how spirituality may help older adult couples seeking to enhance the quality of their relationship.


Objective
To investigate the status of spiritual health in patients with primary liver cancer and explore its influencing factors, so as to provide basis for formulating intervention measures.

Methods
From October 2017 to June 2018, a total of 130 patients with primary liver cancer who underwent surgical treatment in a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital were selected by purposive sampling method. Surveys were conducted using a general condition questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT-Sp) , and a Social Support Rating Scale. The influencing factors of spiritual health were analyzed by single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis.

Results
A total of 119 valid questionnaires were collected. There were 67 cases with low FACIT-Sp score, accounting for 56.3%; 32 cases with intermediate grade, accounting for 26.9%; 20 cases with high grade, accounting for 16.8% among the 119 patients. Age, religious beliefs, family monthly income, whether or not receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and social support were the factors affecting patients' spiritual health (P<0.05) .

Conclusions
The spiritual health of patients with primary liver cancer is mostly at the low-to-medium level. Nursing staff are suggested to provide tailored nursing interventions based on their influencing factors to improve their spiritual health.

Key words:
Liver neoplasms; Social support; Spiritual health; Influencing factors


The modern scientific cosmic perspective is unique and compelling, but it is not for everyone. Modern cosmology can be humbling and awe-inspiring, even motivating It can also be overwhelming, even scary. The extent to which the universe we know today can form the basis of satisfactory worldviews rests largely on human psychology, preferences, and needs, as well as on what we mean by "worldview". This essay will explore some ways to think about worldviews and the universe, with an emphasis on exploring relationships between cosmic evolution and cultural evolution (Dick and Lupisella), including what might be called "cosmocultural evolution" – the coevolution of cosmos and culture (Lupisella 2009). We will touch on a few cosmocultural evolutionary perspectives as well as broader underlying "cosmological theories of value". With an eye toward psychology, we will consider if and how such perspectives might inform, or possibly suffice as worldviews, suggesting generally that the universe may suffice for some people some of the time, but probably not for most people most of the time. Correspondence | Mark Lupisella, firstname.lastname@example.com Citation | Lupisella, M. (2019) Is the Universe Enough? Can It Suffice as a Basis for Worldviews? Journal of Big History, III(3); 123 140. DOI | https://doi.org/10.22339/jbh.v3i3.3370


Sugarcane is one of the most important of raw materials used in manufactured food products. Its consumption is under public scrutiny for decades, always associated to cavities, obesity and diabetes. Sugary beverage portion sizes have exploded as high as 64 fluid ounces in some fast food chains in the USA. Meanwhile, anthropogenic activities such the application of arsenical pesticides has resulted in elevated (high as 900 g.g-6) levels of arsenic (As) in surface soils in many historic sugar cane areas of Hawaii, USA. To quantify simultaneously many elements as possible, it was applied the well-established nuclear analytical technique of Neutron Activation Analysis. Hazardous elements such As, Br, Na, some RREs (rare earth elements), Rb, Sc and U were detected and quantified in the product.


What she says may be true of certain children's books; hopefully it is. But she does not read the series, and that fact is especially significant, for the fiction series the Bobbsey Twins, the Hardy Boys, Tom Swift, and the like by any standard, dominate children's reading from grade two to grade six, when children are between seven and twelve. Inexpensive enough to be bought by children themselves, readily available in Fiveand-Ten's, supermarkets, and drug stores, and widely traded, they have a huge reading public, the extent of which can only be guessed. They are also the one major kind of children's reading designed to be read By children themselves, not


A wave power generation system includes a wave energy collecting part, a power generator (36), and a base (4). The wave energy pushes a float (1), and the rope (3) is tensed by the float (1) so as to drive the pulley (2) on the float (1) to rotate and output the mechanical energy, so the wave energy collection is achieved; when the wave falls, the pulley (2) is reversed by a small force, and the rope (3) is pulled back. The wave energy collecting part supplies power to the generator (36). The system is applicable to most wave-forms of wave, and has better anti-storm performance, lower cost, and easy maintenance.


Clinical Laboratory is undergoing extremely rapid changes. Educational programs are now becoming obsolete and require the inclusion of new scientific concepts and technological competences for the current professional performance. Furthermore, a clinical chemist must acquire new skills and qualifications for modern tasks of the profession, such as multi disciplinary teamwork with other clinical disciplines, management competence and continuous interchange of ideas. We are presenting here an overview of the core fields in which today's clinical chemists should be able to demonstrate knowledge, skills, attitudes and experience. The proposal presented should facilitate to the Universities the changes needed to be done in their curricula for improving the future teaching and training in clinical chemistry in Mexico and Latin America.


3 Introduction 4 Fear, leadership and the control of worldview 5 The impact of fear and leadership on prejudice vs. tolerance of the outgroup 5 Terror management theory and links to prejudice 6 9/11 and President Bush: Fear versus tolerance 9 The Present study 11 Method 13 Participants 13 Procedure 13 Measures 14 Results 17 Discussion 20 TMT and the present study 21 Proximal and distal defences 21 Fear 25 Impact of the Leader 25 Social Dominance Orientation 26 GNAT 27 Caveats 28 Future Directions 29 Final Remarks 31 References 32 Appendix A 40 Appendix B 44 Table of tables Table 1 Means and standard deviations of the Fear and the Hostility PANAS-X subscales... 18 Table 2 Overall d'prime for the Muslim and the American pairings 19 Table 3 t-test exploring the relationship between the pairings 19 Table of figures Figure 1 Muslim and American pairings 19 TMT and The Leader: Fear and Tolerance 3


A procedure is given which enables one to construct all the type N Robinson‐Trautman solutions and an infinite class of type III solutions. Some approximate solutions, consistent with the Bondi‐Sachs radiation conditions for bounded source fields, are also given. These approximate solutions, obtained by perturbing the Schwarzschild solution, are Schwarzschild in the asymptotic future. It is also shown that there exists an infinity of exact solutions which are Schwarzschild in the asymptotic future.


ABSTRACT

Physical health needs to be considered for everyone, especially heart health and body temperatures which are important parameters in the medical world. Normal heart rate in humans ranges from 60-100 bpm at rest and a heart rate below 60 bpm at rest indicates a very healthy body condition. However, a heart rate that exceeds 100 bpm at rest indicates a possible heart disturbance and this cannot be underestimated because heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world.The increase in the number of deaths from heart disease is due to the scarcity or lack of detection devices for heart disease, not regularly checking cardiovascular health regularly, and poor lifestyle of heart disease sufferers. Therefore we need a heart rate monitoring tool that is combined with body temperature to find out things that affect the clinical problems experienced by someone. In this study a device was designed to monitor heart rate and body temperature. This tool uses Arduino as a controller programmed by Arduino IDE. The pulse sensor functions to measure heart rate, LM35 sensor to measure body temperature, OLED LCD as a display and led as an indicator. The system will run when given a power supply of 5-7Volt. The pulse sensor placed on the finger will read the human heartbeat and the temperature sensor placed on the hand or the armpit will read the body temperature. After the sensors get the data, the data will be processed by Arduino so that the data will be displayed on the LCD in the form of numbers and graphics. LED indicator will turn on when the heart rate sensor is running. Based on the results of system testing it can be concluded that the designed device is quite feasible to use. This is evidenced by the results of testing heart rate sensor readings with 3 test objects. Compared to Oximeter (as a validator) this tool has an error difference of 4.01 BPM with a percentage of 3.90%. Likewise the results of testing the temperature sensor to measure body temperature with 3 people the same test object, compared with a digital thermometer (as a validator) this tool has an error difference of 1.87 ° C and a percentage of 5.16%. The results of heart rate and body temperature readings are displayed on the OLED LCD in the form of numbers and graphics.

Keyword : Arduino, Pulse Sensor, LM35, OLED.


Principal data on the main turbine power units of Soviet nuclear ice breakers are given and specific features of operation of these turbines under severe conditions of the Arctic are described. Sections of main turbine units are given.


Estuarine turbidity maxima (ETM) are features present in some estuaries where the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) is higher than elsewhere along the fresh-marine water transition in the estuarine domain (POSTMA, 1967; SCHUBEL, 1968; GEYER, 1993; DYER, 1995). The presence of ETM has important ecological implications: since they occur at places where there is an accumulation of organic matter: bacterioplancton and zooplankton dynamics in estuaries is affected by ETM behavior (CRUMP; BAROSS, 1996; MORGAN et al., 1997). ETM are also important in the pollutants dynamics of an estuary, mainly for those that occur adsorbed to fine clayey sediments (BRUNK et al., 1996). ETM are formed and maintained as the result of complex interactions between river discharge, tidal dynamics and gravitational circulation (DYER, 1988). The concentration of SPM in the ETM varies over time on tidal, sinodical and seasonal time scales (GRABEMANN et al., 1997). ETM have been studied in many estuaries abroad (ALLEN et al., 1980; GELFENBAUM, 1983; UNCLES et al., 1994; WOLANSKI et al., 1995). In some estuaries they are of an ephemeral nature (KISTNER; PETTIGREW, 2001), while in other cases they do not occur at all (SCHETTINI; TOLDO JUNIOR, 2006; SCHETTINI et al., 2006). The physics underlying the formation of the ETM has been studied using both analytical and numerical models (GEYER, 1993; JAY; MUSIAK, 1994; BURCHARD; BAUMERT, 1998; YU et al., 2014) in which the effect of gravitational circulation and tidal pumping is of primary importance, with a high degree of interaction between the flow and the bed. Most ETM have been reported in meso or macro-tidal estuaries. As regards the Brazilian coast, it is not expected to find ETM in the Southeastern and Southern Regions basically because the tidal regime is microtidal. Some papers have reported ETM processes in Paranagua Bay (PR) (e.g., RIBEIRO et al., 2011), although the higher turbidity zone in that estuary is linked rather to re-suspension due to tidal currents (MANTOVANELLI et al., 2004) than to the occurrence of a true ETM. Other studies on SPM in southern Brazilian estuaries have not reported the presence of ETM (SCHETTINI; TOLDO JUNIOR, 2006; D´AQUINO et al., 2010). On the other hand, meso and macro tides occur on the shores of the Northeastern and Northern Regions, where there would be a greater likelihood of observing ETM. Nevertheless, there are not many studies of the fine sediment dynamics of this area, and the few that are available do not report the presence of ETM. The fine sediment dynamics of the Caravelas estuary, Bahia has been assessed (SCHETTINI; MIRANDA, 2010; SCHETTINI et al., 2013), despite the fact that this estuary presents a very small freshwater inflow, and the major source of sediments is the inner shelf. Such conditions are unfavorable to the formation of ETM. The eastern shores of Para seem to present favorable conditions for the formation of ETM, and a single survey carried out in the Caete estuary has shown a feature in the longitudinal distribution of SPM which fits in with what is expected of an ETM (ASP et al., 2012), even though it has not yet been assessed.A series of surveys has been carried out in the Capibaribe estuary since 2012 to investigate its circulation, fine sediment transport, deposition patterns and recent environmental evolution. The main appeal of and reason for these assessments was the fact that the Capibaribe estuary is a relatively small system (~ 10 km


Released in a period in which the rights and representation of transgender people were attaining an unprecedented visibility in the mainstream media and popular culture, the film adaptations examined in this chapter offer sympathetic portraits of their subjects but demonstrate an uneven engagement with contemporary understandings of transgender identity. The significant expansion of Hubert Page's character in the 2011 adaptation of George Moore's Albert Nobbs (1918), achieved through the vehicle of marriage, implicitly validates his masculinity. By contrast, the protracted demise of the marriage between Einar Wegener and Gerda Gottlieb occupies the dramatic centre of the 2016 adaptation of David Ebershoff's novel The Danish Girl (2000), rather than Lili Elbe's premature death. The prominence of marriage within these film adaptations of twentieth-century texts will be considered in the context of contemporary debates about LGBT activism and neoliberal politics.


The paper was prepared with the financial and technical support of the University of Exeter and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Coun-cil (EPSRC) grant reference EP/K03877X/1 for which the writers are grateful. The financial support of The Higher Committee for Education Develop-ment in Iraq (HCED IRAQ scholarship reference GD-13-5) is highly appreciated as well.


Objective To investigate the effects of Feixingqing Capsules in boleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat and the expression of TGF-β1、Smad2/3 in the lung,and to explore the possible mechanism in pulmonary fibrosis.Methods Thirty-two healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8),the normal control group(CG),the model group(MG),the positive control prednisone group(DG) and FXQ group(EG).Except those rats in normal control group,all rats were established pulmonary fibrosis by intra tracheal administration of bleomyci,CG were injected with equivalent dosage of saline.After the model of fibrosis was established for 24 h,the rats of DG,EG were given the drug mentioned above respectively,while only saline was given in CG and MG.On day 28 day after treatment,each group were sacrificed respectively,and the lungs were harvest for conventional HE pathological obserbation.TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 protein expression in lung issues were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with the MG,PXQ can effectively reduce the degree of inflammation and fibrosis,and the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 in the lung were decreased.Conclusions Feixingqing Capsules have a treatment effect on pulmonary fibrosis,possible mechanism is through inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 in the lung of rats with pulmonary.


The integration of social network services (SNS) and cloud computing (CC) is a technological revolution that presents the future of connectivity and reachability. This paper explores the novel paradigm for future internet of things (IoT). Although there have been some studies in social-driven IoT, they merely consider the CC technique to improve service qualities and influences. In this study, we develop a novel social cloud control scheme based on the incentive mechanism (IM) approach. To maximise the total SNS system performance, SNSs have been adaptively executed in the CC system while taking into account the social welfare. In addition, we protect each user's privacy according to the differential privacy (DP) method. Therefore, our study can capture the properties of SNS and CC, and provides an effective solution for the social cloud system while ensuring privacy. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


The invention relates to a high-grade cordierite-mullite refractory material for a ceramic kiln and a production process thereof. In the production process, composite silica sol combination is adopted at normal temperature, and cordierite combination is formed by reaction and sintering of magnesia-alumina spinel micropowder and silicon dioxide at high temperature. The refractory material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40% of molochite with particle size of 1.2-0.5mm, 10-25% of molochite with particle size of 0.5-0.088mm, 0-15% of synthetic cordierite with particle size of 0.5-0.088mm, 10-35% of synthetic cordierite with particle size less than 0.088mm, 1-3% of magnesia micropowder, 2-8% of alumina micropowder, 3-10% of silica fume, 0-15% of calcined kaolin micropowder, 0.01-0.1% of third-generation water reducer and 4-8% of water. The refractory material has good shaping performance and excellent sintering performance; and according to the invention, the difficulties that the cordierite-mullite product prepared by die pressing and extrusion shaping is easy in blank breakage and difficult to sinter are solved, and the refractory material product with high purity, high strength, and good high-temperature resistance and thermal shock resistance is prepared.


In this paper, we propose a sequential procedure for estimating unknown parameters for a stable autoregressive continuous time processes. The procedure uses a special rule to stop observations and is based on the classical least squares (LS) estimates but, in contrast, provides control for the mean-square accuracy of estimates. Formulas for the asymptotic duration of observations with an increase in the mean-square accuracy of estimates are obtained. The results can be applied in a wide range of problems such as system identification, adaptive forecasting, and estimation of parameters of spectra of continuous time Gaussian processes.


The paper concluded the methods of the energy-saving for MAC protocol based on the power consumption rates in the course of the wireless sensor network communication,and researched the power saving mechanism for IEEE802.11 DCF and the period sleeping for the S-MAC protocol.The network simulation tool can be used to simulate the energy-efficiency of above two sleeping mechanism.The simulation results show that the S-MAC protocol using period sleeping has the better energy-saving efficiency.


Determining the amount of water ice in the lunar regolith is an important task not only from a scientific point of view, but it is also important for exploration, since water may be used in many aspects - from the production of rocket fuel to direct use by astronauts during their stay on a habitable lunar base. One of the methods of remote sensing for hydrogen-bearing compounds, such as water ice, in the upper 1–2 m subsurface soil layer of atmosphereless celestial bodies is the spectroscopy of the neutron leakage flux from the surface. To estimate water equivalent hydrogen (WEH) in the lunar soil we have used data of Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), operating almost continuously in orbit around the Moon from 2009 to the present [1].

LEND is the collimated epithermal neutron telescope which uses the passive neutron collimator to collect most of neutron signal at a narrow field of view (FOV). Dataset gathered by LEND till April 1, 2015 was early used to estimate the water equivalent hydrogen (WEH) and create maps of its distribution [2]. After 5 years of additional data accumulation we update the WEH map in the Southern circumpolar region, including both large permanently shadow regions (PSRs) and neutron suppression regions (NSRs), which might be partially overlapping with PSRs and often extends on sunlit areas.

The updated map is done not only by the new larger dataset, but by new WEH estimation method also. This method uses precise estimation of the neutron flux at different altitudes of spacecraft orbits modelled with specially developed code based on the Geant4 toolkit with additional treatment of the neutron propagation in the lunar gravity field. Also, the method precisely accounts the fact of the collimator partial transparency, which leads to additional background counting rate in detectors dependent on WEH in the soil at surrounding regions located out of the instrument FOV.

References:
1.    Mitrofanov I. et al. (2010) Space Sci. Rev., 150, 183–207.
2.    Sanin A. B. et al. (2017) Icarus, 283, 20-30.


This article attempts to develop an "epistemic reflexivity" approach based on a survey conducted in Bolivia from 2006 to 2010 concerning unequal access to water in the working-class suburbs of the city of El Alto. The difficulties encountered stemmed from the ambivalent research position, which prompted us to broaden the methods we used. Based on this extension, we questioned the framework of analysis and developed a multi-level model that took into account not only the different observation scales, but also the way the various levels of analysis articulated with each other in producing "global" stakes.


A twice‐daily microsphere formulation of cysteamine bitartrate has been developed for cystinosis and other potential applications. To date, there are no published pharmacokinetic data for cysteamine bitartrate delayed‐release in healthy adults. Three randomized open‐label, crossover studies to determine the effects of fasting, high fat, and carbohydrate meals on the bioavailability of cysteamine bitartrate delayed‐release (600 mg) administered in capsule or sprinkle form to healthy adults. Adverse events were monitored. Fifty‐eight adults were studied. Cysteamine absorption (AUC0–24 hours) was the same for capsule and sprinkle forms during all meal/fasting states. The AUC0–24 hours for capsules while fasted, 30 and 120 minutes before a carbohydrate meal and during a high fat meal were 6,313 ± 329, 4,616 ± 878, 6,691 ± 669, 2,572 ± 295 minutes × µM, respectively, and the mean Cmax values were 29.4 ± 1.7, 20.7 ± 4.9, 31.6 ± 3.0, and 10.9 ± 1.7 µM, respectively. The mean Tmax following fasting and high fat meal were about 3 and 6 hours, respectively. Minor transient GI adverse events occurred. Cysteamine bitartrate delayed‐release capsule and sprinkle forms are bioequivalent and optimal absorption occurs during fasting state. High fat diet reduces drug absorption, increases the Tmax and should be avoided at the time of drug ingestion. Cysteamine bitartrate delayed‐release (RP103) is best ingested >30 minutes before a carbohydrate‐rich meal.


Landing is one of the most maneuvering occurring in aircraft. Landing gear is considered as a nonlinear structure due to its complicate behavior. During landing period large amount of impact forces are transferred into nose gear and main landing gear. The main objective of this paper is to present prototype of aircraft landing gear using CATIA V5 software to study the behavior of landing gear as per actual working condition. Static loads are applied over the landing gear and internal forces are extracted from critical landing gear components like torque arm is separately analysed for the internal forces obtained from the generalized modal the components were modelled with CATIA V5 and imported to MSC Patran. MSC Nastran is used as a solver. From the obtained limit stresses, linear static analysis was carried out to find the stress of the main landing gear with different conditions. Keywords— Main landing gear, linear static, CATIA V5, MSC Patran, nastran


Under the condition of incomplete information,many bodies participating the market have different prospects,judges of danger.The amount the information decides the ways to evaluate the value of company.Following the market logic of evolution and development,the paper catalogs the ways into four kinds and does the comparative analysis on them.


Abstract The most defensible justifications of war in the European intellectual tradition hold that war is instrumentally necessary for the maintenance of peace and order. An investigation of Ancient Chinese philosophical attitudes towards war calls this assumption into question. The closest parallel to an instrumental concept of war is found in the Legalist school, but historical experience in China has rejected this. The Confucian school, especially Mencius and Xunxi, insists that war is not instrumental in creating social order, but derives from the prior establishing of cultural and political authority, and thus must be punitive in nature. Even the use of "punitive expeditions" is not instrumental, but rather demonstrative or performative in nature, for if coercive methods are necessary, the authority to use them is arguably absent. War for the Chinese, then, is not justified by the necessity for creating public order, but is in itself a sign of the failure to achieve such an order. This contrasts sha...


Measurements of the absolute total and differential cross sections for the production of protons and hydrogen atoms in the energy range of $1--5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{keV}$ for reactions of $\mathrm{H}{}_{2}{}^{+}$ molecular ions in $\text{Ar}$ and $\text{Kr}$ targets are reported. The results show that the cross section for the dissociative capture (DC) proccess is about one order of magnitude higher than that for the collision-induced dissociation. The angular distribution of the fragments in both targets and for all acceleration energies shows a monotonic decrease in the differential cross section with increasing angle. A sharp increase in the angular distribution at scattering angles $l1.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ is observed for hydrogen atoms resulting from DC and in particular for the $\text{Kr}$ target.


The relationship between parenting style and adolescent functioning was examined in a sample of 302 African American adolescent girls and their mothers who live in impoverished neighborhoods. Although previous research has found that authoritative parenting, as compared to authoritarian, permissive, and disengaged parenting, is associated with positive adolescent outcomes in both White, middle class and large multi-ethnic school-based samples, these parenting categories have not been fully explored within African American families living at or near the poverty line. Data were collected using in-home interviews and self-administered questionnaires of adolescent girls and their self-identified mothers or mother-figures. Parenting style was found to be significantly related to adolescent outcomes in multiple domains including externalizing and internalizing behaviors, academic achievement, work orientation, sexual experience and pregnancy history. Specifically, teens whose mothers were disengaged (low on both Parental Warmth and Supervision/Monitoring) were found to have the most negative outcomes. Furthermore, a significant difference was not found between authoritative and authoritarian parenting.


In insects that exhibit a period of delayed reproduction, the timing of mating and reproduction is controlled by environmental conditions that regulate endogenous factors such as hormones and biogenic amines (BAs). Caloptilia fraxinella (Ely) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) undergoes a 9‐month reproductive diapause from adult eclosion in the summer until diapause termination the following spring when adults mate. Male response to female sex pheromone is plastic, and is most acute when moths are reproductively active. The aim of this study is to further elucidate the mechanisms involved in the regulation of male response to pheromone in C. fraxinella, and to test whether the application of BAs with and without a juvenile hormone analogue (JHA) to males in different physiological states impacts pheromone responsiveness, as measured by electroantennogram and wind tunnel bioassays. Treatment of male C. fraxinella in reproductive diapause with one application of a JHA induces the highest subsequent pheromone response in the fall, but does not alter pheromone response earlier in reproductive diapause in the summer. The JHAs methoprene and pyriproxyfen similarly enhance pheromone response in the fall. Treatment with methoprene alone or in combination with one of the BAs octopamine, dopamine or serotonin increases male pheromone responsiveness in the fall. The increase in pheromone response can be attributed to methoprene only, as treatment with any of the BAs alone does not enhance male response to pheromone. Biogenic amine treatment lowers male responsiveness to pheromone in some experiments, indicating that there may be a role for BAs in maintaining low pheromone response during reproductive diapause in this species.


Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the stages of somatic maturation and body composition in eutro - phic female adolescents with or without exce...


The relevance of any university education depends on quality parameters that should be specified, adhered to and sustained. The development of quality assurance culture in Nigerian university education is imperative, considering the fact that globalization, mobility of labour, competition and the quest for best practices have subjected universities to international comparison. This article, therefore, examines the various key parameters bothering on developing and sustaining quality assurance culture in Nigerian universities, and explores strategies aimed at improving and sustaining a quality culture at the university level. Furthermore, it proposes a quality assurance model for Nigerian universities, and concludes that institutional paradigm shift towards a quality culture is imperative for sustainable university education in Nigeria.


We investigate electrokinetic transport of power‐law fluids in a narrow cylindrical capillary in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. The governing equations including the full Poisson‐Boltzmann equation and the Cauchy momentum equation with power‐law constitutive behavior are solved numerically, without being restrictive to low surface potential limits. The influence of the power‐law index, wall zeta potential, relative strength of electromagnetic force over viscous force (as represented by the Hartmann number), and the lateral electric field strength on the variation of the volumetric flow rate is analyzed. Our results reveal a significant augmentation in the net‐throughput beyond the traditionally explored low surface‐charge limits, especially for shear‐thinning fluids, defying the established notions. These fundamental theoretical premises may act as essential precursors towards developing deeper insights on fluidic transport bio‐nanopores under electro‐magneto‐ hydrodynamic influences.


Th e recent surge of interest in the cognitive science of religion has resulted in a number of studies regarding the memorability of minimally counterintuitive ideas (MCIs). Th e present model incorporates ontological templates and their respective inferences, as well as delineates between two major types of violations: schemaand template-level violations. As humor is also defi ned by its counter-intutiveness at the schema level, this study was designed to fi nd eff ects this emotion has on retention. Results suggest that humorous statements with parallel violations are recalled signifi cantly better than statements which have only template-level violations, aff ective statements with only schema-level violations, as well as intuitive statements in both immediate and 1-week follow-up sessions.


Egg cannibalism by hatchlings has been demonstrated in some pulmonate land snails; this behaviour is promoted by a high hatching asynchrony within the egg-batch. Under laboratory conditions, the percentage of new-born snails Helix aspersa having cannibalised unhatched eggs was not influenced by the soil factor: about 70% of them ingested one egg within their first four days of life whether soil was present or not. The propensity to egg cannibalism in hatchlings of H. aspersa increased with egg density. However, most of the new-born hatchlings consumed a single egg during the four days following hatching, and only exceptionally two. The consumption of one egg increased the snail's wet weight by 38.7% within four days. A weak ingestion of soil components also occurred, but it induced a growth that was three-times less than that due to the consumption of an egg. In addition, the survival of newly hatched snails maintained under non-dehydrating thermohygrometric conditions was high, even when they were submitted to four days' food-deprivation.


Four experiments are reported, all of which are concerned with evaluating in human Ss the relationship between the deceleration of heart rate, observed to anticipate both aversive and non-aversive stimuli, and several aspects of somatic-motor activity. In a simple reaction time task, a decrease in spontaneous bursts of EMG activity and both respiration amplitude and frequency were found to be concomitant with the deceleration of heart rate during the foreperiod and to be directly correlated with reaction time. The decrease in anticipatory somatic activity to an aversive stimulus was found in a second experiment to extend to spontaneous eye movements and blinks, which also had a marked concomitance with the anticipatory deceleration of heart rate. However, experimentally imposed somatic activity, i.e. continuous finger tapping, increased in intensity around the time the UCS was expected. A third experiment provided additional evidence that the anticipatory cardiac deceleration to aversive stimuli was not mediated significantly by respiratory maneuvers. Finally, evidence was provided that the basis for the spontaneous EMG bursts may be related to somatic responses elsewhere in the body, such as postural adjustments.


Purpose: The two main topics searched in this study are 1) the Galactic Chemical Evolution traced by nearby solar twin stars and 2) trends between chemical abundances and condensation temperatures. Method: The radiation emitted by stars is resolved spectroscopically to obtain the electromagnetic spectra. The position of lines within the stellar spectrum gives us the identity of the chemical elements in that spectrum. Photometric line intensities contain information about the abundances of the elements in the stellar atmosphere. When the spectrum obtained from the individual star is analyzed, the chemical abundances of the elements observed in the atmosphere of the star are compared with the abundances of the Sun. Findings: The results obtained from analytical stellar spectroscopy are drawn about the cosmic history of the star. The cosmic history of a star means the galactic chemical evolution of the composition of its material content experienced since the Big Bang. If a mass as big as a planet is missing from a star or a similar-mass object collide and gets engulfed, a change in the original composition occurs. Conclusion: In our study, the element chemical composition changes are predicted for a case where the star swallows a mass with chemical composition similar to that of the Earth. In our modeling process, the condensation temperatures of each element from gas to liquid or solid are taken into account


The present article serves as an introduction to the dossier What do we talk about when we talk about queer death?, edited by M. Petricola. This introduction briefly interrogates the premises, scope, and objectives of Queer Death Studies (QDS) in such a way as to complement the views expressed by the contributors to this collection. I will begin to discuss the premises on which QDS are based in a preamble focused on Italo Calvino's book Mr. Palomar. Section one will provide a more systematic and analytical perspective on these same premises. I will move on to reconstruct some crucial moments in the genealogy of QDS in Section two and conclude by sketching a research program for QDS in Section three.


In a young woman, the differential diagnosis of ulcerated skin lesions on the lower limbs that heal leaving atrophic scars should include vasculitis and occlusive vasculopathy. Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPN) is characterized by the presence of painful nodules that typically develop on the lower limbs, frequently ulcerate, and usually heal without residual hyperpigmentation. Its diagnosis requires demonstration of necrotizing arteritis affecting mediumsized arteries. Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is an occlusive vasculopathy with painful lesions in the form of punched-out ulcers that heal leaving white atrophic scars with peripheral telangiectasia. Light microscopy shows a mild superficial perivascular infiltrate and extravasation of red blood cells without vasculitis, although some arteries may present hyalinization of the wall and intraluminal fibrin deposits. We present a case in which the lesions showed the clinical and histological features of both disorders. The patient was 29-year-old woman with no past medical history of interest, who had been receiving aspirin 100 mg/24 h and pentoxifylline 400 mg/12 h for the last 8 years due to a skin disorder identified in another hospital as livedo reticularis. She was seen in our department for a 4-year history of outbreaks on the lower limbs of painful isolated lesions, sometimes ulcerated with serosanguineous crusts, and that disappeared after several months, occasionally leaving residual hyperpigmentation. The outbreaks appeared at random intervals and with no seasonal relationship. She had been treated with betamethasone plus gentamicin ointment, which, according to the patient, accelerated remission. She did not present Raynaud's phenomenon or other systemic symptoms. There were 3 relevant findings on physical examination: a) hypopigmented stellate macules on the ankle, dorsal surface of the foot, and left pretibial region (Fig. 1A); b) an indurated erythematous red-brown plaque on the medial aspect of the left ankle with several well-defined ulcerated lesions (the largest being 0.8 cm in diameter) within its borders (Fig. 1B); and c) very faint reticulated violaceous macules on the upper and lower limbs. Skin biopsy from the area of the right lateral malleolus showed a necrotizing vasculitis affecting medium-sized vessels, with superficial changes consisting of vascular congestion with extravasation of red blood cells and, in some vessels, thrombosis and hyalinosis of the wall (Fig. 2). Blood analysis showed that antinuclear antibodies were negative (titer of 1:40) and cytoplasmic antineutrophil cyto-


We study the scaling form for the cell boundary misorientation angle distribution of Hughes and co-workers. By formulating the problem in terms of random walks in rotation space, we are able to incorporate the new cell boundaries formed during cell refinement with increasing deformation ǫ. The simplest form for the corresponding diffusion equation yields a good fit to the experimental scaling curve for the incidental boundaries, including the ǫ scaling of the average angle and the linear slope at small angles. We consider effects of crystalline anisotropy and strain gradients, and show that they also allow scaling collapses but change the form of the scaling function – yielding scaling but not universality. Existing theories formulated in terms of uncorrelated random dislocation motion exhibit the experimental scaling of average angle only if cell refinement is ignored.


The objective of this study is to determine the tensile, compressive, and shear properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy composite plates under room (∼20°C) and high (40, 60, 80, and 100°C) temperatures. Mechanical properties were determined according to the ASTM standards. A hot lamination press was used for fabrication of composite plates. For curing process, laminated plates were retained at a constant pressure (250 kPa) and 120°C during 2 h. And then, composite plate is cooled to room temperature at the same pressure. The fiber volume fraction of laminated composite plate is measured as 65%. Experimental results show that the mechanical properties (except for the transverse tensile strength) of glass/epoxy composites are reduced by increasing temperature. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers


Exhortation Amoris laetitia gives strong impuls to integrate into Church life the faithful who are in irregular situations. It is to make through a process of accompaniment and discernment which, after taking account of the complexity and the diversity of situations, mitigating circumstances and other factors, will identify the specific opportunities for their widen integration. They might hold different ecclesial services and be involved in many forms of activity in the liturgical, pastoral, educational, institutional and charitable framework. An example of implementation of Francis' teaching in this matter is a document entitled Pastoral guidelines for implementing Amoris laetitia issued by the Archdiocese in Philadelphia. It combines in practical solutions the indications of Amoris laetitia with the earlier teachings of the Church especially that expressed in Familiaris consortio. Regulations of Pastoral guidelines promote on the one hand the more full participation of the faithful in irregular situations in the life and mission of the Church, and on the other hand indicate activities they shouldn't carry out. It is justified by the need to follow not only love and mercy, but also the truth of indissolubility of marriage.


The current work is devoted to analyzing viscoplastic fluid flow in a circular axisymmetric abrupt contraction with ratio D/d=1.85 . The velocity fields and static pressure along a hydraulic loop were measured employing Particle Image Velocimetry technique and a pressure transducers system, respectively. Four aqueous solutions of Carbopol ® 940 with different rheological parameters were used as viscoplastic fluids. Laminar and turbulent flow conditions are evaluated and compared with the generalized Hagen–Poiseuille law and the Malin friction factor correlations supported by turbulent fluctuations measurements. The formation of a plug core region is observed around the centerline of the pipe. The relationships between the velocity profiles and the shear stress distribution with the plug core were investigated supported via shear rate calculations. The results show that the yield stress highly influences the shape of the velocity profiles and the appearance of unyielded regions at the contraction edges. The shear stress maps show a layered distribution across the pipe diameter with higher values located at the contraction entrance. Instead, a constant shear stress distribution is found in the unyielded regions. The size of these unyielded regions increases with the yield stress but is reduced at regions with high shear rates due to increased inertial forces. Pressure drop measurements contrasted with the shear stress and velocity gradients maps illustrated that the pressure losses along the pipe are affected by the yield stress and the Reynolds number. However, a non-dependence of the pressure loss coefficient at the contraction plane with the rheological parameters is evidenced, as presented in earlier experimental results. This differs from many numerical studies since the contraction's pressure loss coefficient for viscoplastic fluids is directly affected by the increase of inertial forces at this region.


Doctors should be open and honest with patients when things go wrong but will not face criminal sanctions if they fail to raise concerns about poor care, the government has said in its response to the inquiry into events at Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust.

Robert Francis QC, who chaired the inquiry, recommended that it should be made a criminal offence for any doctor, nurse, or director of a healthcare organisation to provide intentionally misleading information to a patient or nearest relative, to obstruct another person in performing the duty of candour, or to make a dishonest statement to a commissioner of services or a regulator.

Jeremy Hunt, health secretary for England, said …


A truck double hinge (10) including: a front module dirigible (12) of a vehicle housing a drive motor (22) and having at least one wheel axle (24) driven by the drive motor via a transmission; a container load support (16), wherein the front vehicle module is interconnected pivotally about a first vertical pin (14) to the front of the container load bearing; a rear module dirigible (18) interconnected vehicle hingedly about a second vertical pin (20) to the rear of the support container loading being, having the rear vehicle module at least one wheel axle (28) so that the container is supported by the front and rear vehicle modules, characterized in that the rear module of the vehicle is set to go straight when the front module of the vehicle is directed through a predetermined lower 30 degree angle and to experience only direction through an angle after the front module of the vehicle is directed through a predetermined upper or equal to 30 degrees.


After the law called 'Cooperative Framework Act' was established on December 1st 2012, and 'Ballet STP Cooperative' has been established. The goal of...


【Objective】 To explore the old elbow dislocation treatment.【Methods】 From May 2008 to April 2010 were treated eight cases of complex elbow fracture-dislocation,the late elbow instability,the formation of old posterior elbow dislocation.Authors used the elbow before and after the lateral approach,the ulnar coronoid iliac reconstruction,mini T plate fixation,and repair the medial collateral ligament reconstruction.Fixed forearm neutral position after three weeks,the elbow functional exercise.【Results】 After 6 to 26 months of follow-up,an average of 15 months.8 cases of reconstruction of the ulnar coronoid reached the bone healing,elbow stability,no recurrence of dislocation after;no pain,elbow function average 120 °,forearm pronation / supination average of 80 ° / 85 °.Morrey elbow score: excellent in 4 cases,good in 3 cases and poor in 1 case,good rate of 88%.【Conclusion】 iliac bone graft reconstruction of the ulnar coronoid process,this method is simple,can restore the stability of the elbow joint structure,iliac healing ability,and early functional exercises,good recovery of elbow function.


Man is a rational animal: so at least I have been told. Throughout a long life, I have looked diligently for evidence in favour of this statement, but so far I have not had the good fortune to come across it, though I have searched in many countries spread over three continents. On the contrary, I have seen the world plunging continually further into madness. I have seen great nations, formerly leaders of civilisation, led astray by preachers of bombastic nonsense. Bertrand Russel


Multiple channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors (MOS-HEMTs) devices are extensively studied due to their improved power density and performances along with the CMOS compatibility. Recessed gate structure enables E-mode operation with some performance drawbacks. Combining both technologies provides an opportunity to utilize the advantages of both with optimized performance. For better understanding of the Double Channel (DC) Recessed Gate MOS HEMT's characteristics and economic fabrication, it is important to understand the heterojunction channel interfaces and their effect on device performance with respect to different operating conditions. In this study, a DC-MOS-HEMTs with gate recess is simulated and its 2DEG Density, electrostatic, transfer and transport properties are characterized. Deep Level Acceptor type channel interface traps are introduced at both channels and their effects on the HEMT device performance are studied and explained in detailed manner. From the analysis, it has been found that trap density at one channel does not have impact on the 2DEG carrier density of the other channel. However, trap density at any channel affects the on-voltage of both channels.


A non-lithography-based approach is developed in this study for assembling monolayer close-packed hemispherical nano-dimple arrays on both sides of a PET film by a scalable Langmuir-Blodgett technology. The resulting gratings greatly suppress specular reflection and therefore enhance specular transmission for a broad range of visible wavelengths, resulting from a gradual change in the effective refractive index at air/PET interface. The experimental results reveal that the antireflection properties of the as-fabricated coatings are affected by the size of the nano-dimples. Moreover, both optical performances of single-sided and dual-sided nano-dimple-structured coatings have been investigated in this study.


Development of new products often relies on the discovery of novel molecules. While conventional molecular design involves using human expertise to propose, synthesize, and test new molecules, this process can be cost and time intensive, limiting the number of molecules that can be reasonably tested. Generative modeling provides an alternative approach to molecular discovery by reformulating molecular design as an inverse design problem. Here, we review the recent advances in the state‐of‐the‐art of generative molecular design and discusses the considerations for integrating these models into real molecular discovery campaigns. We first review the model design choices required to develop and train a generative model including common 1D, 2D, and 3D representations of molecules and typical generative modeling neural network architectures. We then describe different problem statements for molecular discovery applications and explore the benchmarks used to evaluate models based on those problem statements. Finally, we discuss the important factors that play a role in integrating generative models into experimental workflows. Our aim is that this review will equip the reader with the information and context necessary to utilize generative modeling within their domain.


To improve the extent and efficiency of software testing automation,and find the bottlenecks of various performance indexes under B/S software application,IBM Rational is presented as an excellent integrated management toolkit in the process of automatic soft-ware testing,an optimized automation testing model is constructed and is applied in a typical B/S system to accomplish the testing analysis and management concerned.The experimental results indicate that software defects can be easily detected and the automation performance testing efficiency of B/S software is greatly improved,and accordingly,the quality of software is enhanced,which can be used for reference on the further research in automation testing of B/S software.


Polarization manipulation is essential in photonic integrated circuits and has numerous applications in various fields, such as optical communication, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics. Advances in nanofabrication have enabled the integration of subwavelength‐structured metamaterials on optical waveguides, providing unprecedented optical manipulation capabilities beyond classical waveguide‐based architectures. In this paper, the polarization space is demonstrated to be fully manipulated by a dielectric metamaterial composed of nanoholes and nanoslots. This approach offers competitive performances for key polarization components, including the polarizer, polarization beam splitter, and polarization‐splitter‐rotator, while maintaining ultra‐compact coupling regions of 18×1 µm2, 16×1.1 µm2, and 13×1 µm2 respectively. The devices are designed by manipulating the phase and amplitude of all possible eigenmodes supported in the waveguide, which is inherently scalable and versatile for on‐chip mode and wavefront manipulation. The unique properties of metamaterials provide powerful tools for on‐chip polarization manipulation and offer new possibilities for the development of compact and high‐performance photonic integrated circuits.


This report presents a study of the needs for the glass industry's actors in terms of elaborated informations and also the necessary tools and means for setting up a strategic watch system covering the glass industry as a whole and based on an experts network. The adopted strategy initially consists in sensitizing the different actors participating in the strategic watch system, by aiming more particularly two actors whose participation is vital for the success of this system: experts (to ensure relevance and value-added to the stategic watch studies) and decision makers (to study the needs and to create demand). Then, a strategy-network was set up, implicating external experts in the strategic watch process in order to capitalize their knowledge and competences. Thanks to the support of the Ministry of Economy, Finances and Industry, to the strategic watch system set up, the first french glass industry's Internet portal was created so as to ensure sharing and diffusion of strategic informations on the glass sector.


Summary Glycogen concentrations were significantly reduced in the forebrain, brain stem and cerebellum of rats exposed for 3, 8 and 30 days to 12,500 ft altitude, as compared with control values. After 60 days at altitude, brain stem and cerebellum glycogen concentrations returned to normal, but forebrain glycogen was still significantly decreased. The changes in brain glycogen were not accompanied by changes in plasma glucose. Hematocrit values were already significantly increased after 3 days, and increased further after 8, 30 and 60 days of altitude exposure.


OGLE-1 photometry of RR Lyrae stars has been analyzed in search of multiperiodic pulsations. A second periodicity corresponding to a nonradial mode has been found in 11 RRab and 2 RRc variables.


BACKGROUND
Estrogens appear to improve endothelium-dependent systemic and coronary vasodilator function, perhaps by increasing nitric oxide levels and the subsequent effect of nitric oxide on endothelial function and smooth-muscle relaxation. Because soybean foods contain phytoestrogens, we evaluated the effect of orally administered soy proteins on vascular responsiveness.

METHODS
This double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study involved 24 postmenopausal women (mean age 55 yr) who were hypercholesterolemic, who were not taking hormone replacement therapy and had not taken antioxidants or lipid-lowering agents in the preceding 2 months. The patients were randomized to receive a 25-g soy protein supplement or a mild protein placebo for 6 weeks, separated by a washout period of 4 weeks. To evaluate nitric oxide bioactivity we used ultrasonography to measure endothelium-dependent dilator responses in the brachial artery to hyperemia. We induced hyperemia by inflating a blood pressure cuff on the forearm to 250 mm Hg for 5 minutes. We also determined the effect of the supplements on various lipids.

RESULTS
The mean (+/- standard deviation) brachial artery diameter was similar in both groups (3.94 [0.79] mm in the placebo group and 4.13 [0.74] mm in the soy protein group). In both placebo and protein groups, the serum triglyceride levels increased, and total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels fell significantly (p < 0.05). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were little changed.

INTERPRETATION
Consumption of a supplement of 25 g of soy protein daily for 6 weeks had no measurable effect on arterial diameter or vasodilatation in response to hyperemia.


Provincial regulation of noise and vibration in Ontario is carried out by a small and diverse group of engineers working for the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, in the Environmental Approvals Branch. Their primary activity is the review of the noise aspects of Air and Noise ECAs (Environmental Compliance Approvals) for industrial installations. Several noise engineers are also dedicated to the REA (Renewable Energy Approval) process, primarily related to wind and solar farms. Additional duties include review of Environmental Assessments, investigation of noise complaints, testifying at hearings, and clarification of the provincial noise guidelines, especially as used by some municipalities. Although dealing with noise issues around land use approvals was transferred to the municipalities over 10 years ago, the noise engineers stepped up when the Ministry received a request from three levels of government to become involved in the Toronto Waterfront Revitalization effort and were successful in resolving a serious noise-based conflict between developers and a significant industry. Since the Ministry does not have a separate agency for formulating noise policy, such as exists for air contaminants, the noise engineers also play a large role in implementing policy changes. Recently the noise group, in coordination with the noise consulting community, the development sector, municipalities and private citizens, completed the first major revision of the MOECC's noise guidelines in 20 years.


The theory of economic growth states that an increase in economic growth will increase per capita income, decrease inequality in income distribution, and will have an impact on reducing the number of poor people, but an increase in economic growth also has an impact on an increase in the poor population, and an increase in income distribution inequality. So that the purpose of this study is to analyze the causality of economic growth and inequality of income distribution in Indonesia. The data that will be used in this research is secondary data which is time series from 1998-2019 obtained from the World Bank and the Central Bureau of Statistics. The analysis model used is the Granger Causality Test analysis. The variables that will be used in this research are GDP Indonesian at constant prices and the Gini ratio. Based on the results of this study, the development of Indonesia's gross domestic product based on the results of the Granger causality tends to affect the Gini Rato variable longer than the other way around.


The third-harmonic optical susceptibility, χ(3)(3ω;ω,ω,ω), of a silicate glass ceramic containing sodium niobate nanocrystals was measured for incident broadband light with central frequency ω corresponding to 1900 nm. Absolute values of |χ(3)| and the dispersion of the refractive index from 600 to 1900 nm were measured using the spectrally resolved femtosecond Maker fringes technique. The experiments show that |χ(3)| is 1 order of magnitude larger than silica, and it grows by ∼50% when the volume fraction occupied by the nanocrystals increases up to 40%.


PURPOSE
We quantitatively characterized the space between the IOL and the posterior capsule (IOL-PC space) during the early postphacoemulsification period, using high resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT).

METHODS
We recruited 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and randomly divided them into two groups. Acrysof Natural IQ IOLs were implanted in one group (n = 15), and Adapt-AO IOLs were implanted into the other (n = 15). A custom-built OCT instrument was used to image the IOL-PC space at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery. Slit-lamp examination and auto refraction were performed at each visit.

RESULTS
The IOL-PC spaces in the IQ group were 0.72 ± 0.35, 0.40 ± 0.24, and 0.23 ± 0.16 mm(2) at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after surgery, respectively. At each of these times, the values for the AO group were significantly smaller (P < 0.001). Compared to 1 day after surgery, significant changes in the ACDs and refractive errors occurred up to 1 month postoperatively in the IQ group; however, changes in the ACD and refractive error were significant only at 1 week in the AO group.

CONCLUSIONS
The decreases in IOL-PC space and in ACD during the early postoperative period were associated with a myopic shift. It appeared that the different IOL designs had a role in closure of the IOL-PC space. High resolution OCT was suitable for quantitative analysis of IOL-PC space. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01605812.).


The response to injury includes an acute-phase stimulation of plasma ceruloplasmin (CP). Patients recovering from nonburn trauma respond to copper (Cu) supplementation by increasing CP. However, plasma CP has been observed to decrease following moderate to severe burn injury, despite adequate enteral provision of Cu. The authors delivered intravenous Cu via TPN to 10 burned children daily at LOW dose or at HIGH dose during the first 3 weeks of recovery. Plasma CP and total Cu (tot Cu) were measured and nonceruloplasmin' Cu (nonCP-Cu) was calculated assuming 3 ug Cu/mg CP. All patients had low CP (range 6-25 mg/dl, normal = 27-37 mg/dl). The HIGH dose raised both CP and tot Cu without increasing non CP-Cu without increasing nonCp-Cu. CP explained 32% of the tot Cu variance while dose and CP explained 84%. Tot Cu was negatively correlated with % BSA burned. They also observed that this relationship does not hold for burns exceeding 95% BSA. These results are consistent with observations for enteral Cu in burns. They show that CP is responsive to dose in burns and suggest at least 20ug/kg as an appropriate daily Cu dose in TPN for burns.


Abstract Dental caries is one of the most prevalent and costly biofilm-associated infectious diseases affecting most of the world's population. In particular, dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of the dental biofilm adherent to the enamel surface. Specific types of acid-producing bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, colonize the dental surface and cause damage to the hard tooth structure in the presence of fermentable carbohydrates. Streptococcus mutans has been established as the major cariogenic pathogen responsible for human dental caries, with a high ability to form biofilms. The exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix, mainly contributed by S. mutans, has been considered as a virulence determinant of cariogenic biofilm. As EPS is an important virulence factor, targeting EPS metabolism could be useful in preventing cariogenic biofilm formation. This review summarizes plausible strategies targeting S. mutans biofilms by degrading EPS structure, inhibiting EPS production, and disturbing the EPS metabolism-related gene expression and regulatory systems.