0. Notation. The basic notation for Boolean algebras is the standard one (for instance, see [1]). Throughout this paper, the letter 0 will denote the two-element Boolean algebra; whenever a topology is assumed to be defined on 0, then this topology is the discrete one. If B is a Boolean algebra, then a valuation of B is a homomorphism from B onto 0. We make precise the terminology we shall be using in connection with the Stone duality theory for Boolean algebras. A Boolean space is a compact Hausdorff space whose topology is generated by the clopen sets. If X is a Boolean space, then the dual algebra of X is the Boolean algebra of clopen sets of X. If B is a Boolean algebra, then the dual space of B is the Boolean space X of all valuations of B (the topology on X is the topology generated by all sets of the form { v: vp = 1 } where p belongs to B).


This paper discusses the philosophical underpinnings for museum collaboration; background, implementation, and evaluation of a particular collaboration between the Walker Art Center and The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, ArtsConnectEd; and a vision for future directions for museum collaborations.


In the present note, first we derive an intrinsic inequality for Pseudo-umbilical spacelike submanifold in an indefinite space form. We use this inequality to show that such submanifold is totally geodesic. In the rest part of this paper, using a result of Aiyama [1], we prove that Pseudo-umbilical spacelike subamnifold is totally umbilical.


In 1832, Gill from Madura, India, described what he called a "foot-tumor". The widely known term "Madura foot" was introduced by Colebrook in 1846, and in 1860 the mycotic character of the condition was demonstrated by Vandyke Carter, who gave it the name mycetoma (1). Cicero (2) reported the first case of mycetoma in Mexico in 1912, and in 1914 Ocaranza (3), in an account of his own observations in Sonora, mentioned 3 cases seen in the United States by McQuestin, all of which had originated in that state. In this paper we shall concern ourselves only with the lesions produced by Nocardia brasiliensis, which in our environment causes more than 95 per cent of all mycetomas (4, 5). In most of our patients the lesions were on the feet, with findings similar to those described by Davies (6). Other sites were less frequently involved (5 per cent), and it is these cases which will be presented here. Case Reports Case I (Fig. 1): II. M. A., a 33-year-old male, was seen with edema of the soft tissues of the right...


As internal electron donor in the Ziegler-Natta catalyst,4-bromophthalate could improve the catalytic activities,besides its higher stereoregularity,simliar to that of phthalate,which has very strong potential application in the industry.Di-n-butyl 4-bromophthalate was prepared by using di-metyl phthalate,sodium bromate,n-butyl alcohol as raw materials via bromination and transesterification process.The overall yield of di-metyl phthalate was around 84.9%,which is higher of 47.5% than that by the present literature report.Di-iso-butyl 4-bromophthalate,di(2-ethylhexyl) 4-bromophthalate were synthesized by using intermediate of dimethyl 4-bromophthalate as initial material,whereas the yield was more than 90%.The structure of the intermediate and final product was characterized by 1HNMR method.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a communication service switching method, a network system and an interworking function entity. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a first registration request message transmitted by a user terminal at the source network, thereby completing the registration of the service IWF from a user terminal to a user terminal; receiving a second registration request message transmitted by the user terminal at the source network, and transmitting the second registration request message to a source service MME of the user terminal, so that the user terminal completes the registration to the source service MME; and receiving a switching request message from the user terminal at the source network, and forwarding the switching request message to the source service MME, so that the source service MME executes the switching procedure and switches the user terminal to a target network. The embodiment of the invention realizes switching from GERAN/UTRAN to E-UTRAN in CS domain services, thereby avoiding service interruption in the CS domain service switching process.


The CFD simulation test carried out on the prototype exhaust, produce an average fluid flow velocity value of 8.36 m/s, and the experimental test results using a flowbench engine on the prototype exhaust, produce an average fluid flow velocity value of 8.49 m/s, so the errorcomparison from themeasurement results on the prototype exhaust between the CFD simulation and experimental results is 1.53%. Fluid flow velocity is a measurement reference in this study because it directly affectsthe scavenging effect on the internal combustion engine, which of course will directly affect the level of power generated by the engine.


Abstract The formation of charged domain walls (CDWs) in the bulk was studied in lithium tantalate LiTaO3 (LT) and lithium niobate LiNbO3 (LT) crystals with various composition gradients along the polar axis produced by partial vapor transport equilibration (VTE). Under the action of the pyroelectric field upon cooling after the phase transition, the shape of a CDW in LT changed significantly, in contrast to LN: the ledges appeared at CDW and grew toward the polar surfaces. The creation of tail-to-tail and head-to-head CDWs with controlled shape is important for various applications.


A versatile and concise approach for the stereoselective synthesis of mono-, di-, and trihydroxylated indolizidines is presented in four to six steps from Cbz-prolinal and a diazophosphonate. The key steps involved a Wolff rearrangement, followed by a stereoselective dihydroxylation/epoxidation reaction, from an α,β-unsaturated diazoketone. The strategy also permits extension to the synthesis of many natural hydroxylated indolizidine alkaloids as demonstrated in the formal synthesis of pumiliotoxin 251D.


Aim: to describe nurses' knowledge about the importance and operationalization of the National Neonatal Triage Program (NNTP). Method: a qualitative, descriptive study carried out with ten nurses in a municipality of Mato Grosso, in the period of August and September of 2016. The data was collected through a semi-structured interview, and afterwards they were submitted to a thematic analysis. Results: the simplification of the responses regarding the Neonatal Triage (NT) showed some insecurity in its operationalization, superficial and fragmented theoretical basis by the participants in portraying the NNTP. Final considerations: it was verified that the participants knew about NT, but did not present them in a complete and concise manner according to the NNTP, which refers to the lack of permanent education programs and motivation to seek changes


Si microparticle (SiMP) anodes feature much lower production cost and higher tap density compared to their nanosized counterparts, which hold great promise for high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries, yet they suffer from unavoidable particle pulverization during repeated cycling, thus making their practical application extremely challenging. Herein, a non‐flammable localized high‐concentration electrolyte (LHCE) is rationally formulated using a fluorinated solvent, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methyl carbonate (FEMC), to induce fluorinated solvent‐coupled anion‐derived interfacial chemistry. Unlike other LHCEs, the FEMC‐based LHCE is demonstrated to build a highly robust and stable F‐rich inorganic–organic bilayer solid–electrolyte interphase on SiMP anode, which endows stable cycling of SiMP anode (≈3.4 mAh cm−2) with an ultrahigh Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.7%. Coupled with its high anodic stability, the FEMC‐based LHCE endows unprecedented cycling stability for high‐energy‐density batteries containing high‐capacity SiMP anodes with Ni‐rich LiNi8Mn1Co1O2 or 5 V‐class LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes. Remarkably, a 1.0 Ah‐level SiMP||LiNi8Mn1Co1O2 pouch‐cell stably operates for more than 200 cycles, representing the pioneering report in pouch cells containing SiMP anodes.


In this paper,the dynamical behavior of coupled map lattics(CMLs) discretised from Nagumo equation was considered,and it was proved that there exist various periodic solutions in the CMLs.


In realistic problems, one encounters several types of . generalized Kondo systems. Variational and self-consistent perturbational treatments are reviewed for the Tm-like and the Sm-like valence-fluctuating magnetic ions, the finite- U Anderson model and the two impurity Anderson model as examples for such generalizations, and they are discussed from a unified standpoint.


The IMRaD acronym stands for the terms: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. It is a proposed structure and also a standard expected by most academic journals when accepting manuscripts reporting research results. It is important for novice researchers to know its components, but above all to interpret its meaning in the human and social sciences as it can help them to be successful in manuscript acceptance. Its components are presented following the APA standards (among other sources) and the possibilities of application to fields other than STEM are discussed, as well as in the case of qualitative methodologies. It is concluded that nothing in the IMR&D model precludes its application to research in the humanities and social sciences. On the other hand, applying IMRaD improves quality transparency of research reports and increases the chances of the manuscript to be accepted by academic journals. of the central contribution of the work and its significance for the advancement of the discipline. Description of the different contributions achieved by the results. Identification of similarities and differen-ces with other studies, if applicable. Review of the support for the hypotheses, if applicable. Review of the answers to the research questions, if any. Reasoning about its generalization (quantitative methods) or its transferability (qualitative methods). Strategic scope of results. Study limitations. Possible future research.


While alopecia has been shown to have substantial psychological consequences, previous studies have not explicitly explored the key beliefs of patients with primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) and the relationship between clinical and psychological measures.


Summary form only given. Ultrahigh-speed time-division multiplexed (TDM) optical communication technologies are the key issue to construct a new generation of the optical communications systems in the multimedia era. They include ultrashort pulse generation, time-division multiplexing/demultiplexing, timing extraction and waveform measurement.


This article carries on the investigation to the wetlands' environment in Shenyang and summaries the origin of wetlands' environment in Shenyang,The Shifuosi Reservoir wetland and the Shenyang muddy south wetland are two wetlands which completely new in Shenyang.Analyzes the reasons forms them.Wolonghu wetland has been analyzes reason which it degenerated.The human factor influence is the primary cause of the wetlands' environmental trend in Shenyang.This article has discussed the countermeasure of wetlands' protection and the sustainable use in Shenyang,gave the principle comment for wetlands' protection.


New developments in sensing technology have enabled the creation of improved assistive devices that enhance daily eldercare routines and offer personalized care to users. Wearable or ambient sensors can now detect a person's behavior, but the need for constant recharging due to their high energy consumption makes wearing such devices around the clock difficult. In this paper, a new sensing technique based on deep learning (DL) approaches for hand gesture recognition (HGR) using an ultra-wideband (UWB) radar sensor is introduced. The study examines the recognition performance of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for HGR and utilizes the UWB-gestures dataset to train and test the DL networks in various experiments with different scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that the CNN achieved the highest F1-score of 97.19%.


In recent years, international trade and investment have significantly expanded. At the same time, national governments have broadened their regulation of international economic activity. Traditionally, states confined their regulation of economic activity to conduct occurring within national territory. 1 In recent years, however, national governments have increasingly applied their laws extraterritorially to business conduct occurring outside national territory. 2 The extraterritorial application of national laws has led to growing problems internationally because of its ambiguity. Furthermore, extraterritoriality almost became synonymous with conflict in the antitrust and competition law fields. 'No single field of law has raised so intense and pervasive a volley of extraterritoriality conflicts as ... U.S. antitrust law.' 3 As aggressive unilateral enforcement in antitrust law continued to cause conflicts among close trading partners, so numerous theories to determine a reasonable jurisdiction have been developed. However, neither the courts, nor the legislature or government have clearly delineated the scope of U.S. antitrust jurisdiction in respect of disputes involving foreign commerce. 4 Notwithstanding this jurisdictional uncertainty, the extraterritorial enforcement of antitrust and competition laws has become more routine in both the United States and the European Union. 5 The debate over the scope of extraterritorial jurisdiction in U.S. antitrust law arises from Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act. Section 1 declares


In a passive optical network, by the transmission schedule is transmitted from the OLT to the ONU to reduce power consumption of the ONU, the ONU transmission schedule indicates that the time slots are scheduled to receive payload transmissions from the OLT. The slot is allocated outside the ONU, the ONU continuous normal operation (including handling payload addressed to the other ONU) component is set to a reduced power state.


As we progress, society must intelligently address the following question: How much risk is acceptable? How we answer this question could have important consequences for the future state of our nation and the dynamics of its social structure. In this work, we will elucidate and demonstrate, using a physically based model, that the attempt to eliminate all thinkable risks in our society may be setting us up for even larger risks. In order to illustrate this point the simplest example is something with which we are all familiar and have known from the time we were very young. When children burn their finger on a hot item they learn the consequences of touching fire. This small risk has taught the child to avoid larger risks. In trying to avoid these small risks as well as larger risks, one runs the dual danger of not learning from the small events and of having difficulty in differentiating between large and small risks. We will illustrate this problem with a series of social dynamics examples from the operation of NASA to network operation and then make an analogy to a complex system model for this type of dynamics. From these results, recommendations will be made for the types of risk responses that improve the situation versus those that worsen the situation. In order to progress, society has to recognize that accidents are unavoidable and therefore an intelligent risk management program must be implemented that is aimed toward avoiding or reducing major accidents. It is not possible to avoid all risk but it is more prudent to avoid the greater risk situations for society.


During erection of a rooflight steel structure excessive deformation started appearing in the steel structure designed for a rooflight. After repairing the load-carrying system it was necessary to check whether the structure was free of permanent deformations. The situation was consulted with the investor and it was proposed to carry out a load test which should prove that the real structure was in accordance with the computational model.


The present invention (including one or more phospholipids) phospholipid component and to provide a composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable fluid carrier, the phospholipid component, the total weight of about 10% to about 90% It is within the range of. The composition may further comprise a non-phospholipid filler material as required, the amount of the non-phospholipid filler material is in the range of from about 5% to about 50% of the total weight. In certain embodiments, the composition is injectable obtained can be non-a liposomal composition obtained and / or gel or paste. The compositions of the present invention, the repair and augmentation of soft tissue and / or hard tissue, or useful for sustained local drug delivery.


It is deeply-rooted habits of the Western philosophy that they realize "division", nor do they know "combination". Chinese philosophy stresses the whole and the part. In fact, it is the affirmation and experiences of universe value, life value, and social value. Hydergre attempts to delete the contradictions existing in the Western society by means of "thinking" and "comprehension",absorbed different thinking mode and cognitive attitude form Chinese philosophy and performed a new attempt in explaining each other.


Convolution neural network (CNN) was only consider their input images. It was only limitation of this technique for prediction of therapeutic response or patients outcome. The purpose of this study was to development of chemotherapy response prediction model using advanced deep learning techniques. 18F-FDG PET image was acquired in osteosarcoma patients (n=54) before the chemotherapy. The osteosarcoma patients was binary classification between responder (n=28) and non-responder (n=26). Radiomics feature was calculated using texture analysis method in 18F-FDG PET image. To improvement the deep learning model prediction accuracy, we performed the feature selection of information gain (IG) method. Deep learning models were define of CNN with radiomics features and without radiomics feature model. CNN was consist of 2 convolution layer and max pooling layers. Convolution and max pooling layers were generate the feature map. Advanced deep learning technique was input PET image as well as radiomics features. Radiomics features were concatenate with PET image feature map before the fully connected layer. Total 70 radiomics feature were extracted in 18F-FDG PET image of osteosarcoma patients before the chemotherapy. Total 9 radiomics features were selected by the above of the IG value 0.1. The prediction accuracy without radiomics feature model was 80%, On the other hand, the number of radiomics features , seventy, three, nine was 81, 82, 85% when they were worked with deep learning. mode. Nine radiomics features with deep learning model has better prediction accuracy than seventy radiomics feature. In this study, prediction accuracy of the selected radiomics features co-worked with deep learning model was higher than those of all features and only CNN model. Our developed prediction model will help to consider the radiomics feature as well as disease related feature such as genomics data.


The indices of the information systems evaluation are proposed according to the principle of system assessment.After the evaluation indices are described quantitatively,the performance evaluation model is established based on the classification algorithm of the support vector machine.Thus,the automation evaluation of the information systems is realized.Testing examples demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the presented method.


Trihcofolliculoma is an uncommon, benign hamartomatous neoplasm of the hair fol - licle, most commonly occurring in the head and neck region of the adults. It tends to locate on the face and scalp. Other rare sites of occurrence include vulva, eyelid and upper lip. Clinically, the le - sions are small, range from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in diameter, and appear as whitish-red or pearly papules or as smooth nodules, sometimes with a central pore containing wool-like wisps of immature hair. External auditory canal is an extremely rare localization of trichofolliculoma, and to the best of our knowledge, only three cases have been reported in the literature until now. In this report, we pre - sented an unusual case of trichofolliculoma localized in the external auditory canal leading to hear - ing loss. In this case, surgical excision was enough to treat external auditory canal mass which was a trichofolliculoma.


This is a concise detailed report of a case of unusual parasitism, polygnathus epignathus. Epignathus is defined as a "parasitic monster attached to the jaw of an autositic fetus," and polygnathus as a "double monster fetus united at the jaw." Such cases are extremely rare. Report of Case A full-term white female infant was delivered normally, Oct. 14, 1955. The infant was dyspneic, polypneic and cyanotic. A tugging, pressing parasitic mass aggravated its distress. A guy suture was used to extend the mass while the child was brought to Mercy Hospital under oxygen. Examination The initial weight was 7 lb., 10 oz. (3,122.75 gm.). The temperature and laboratory data were normal. There was a grapefruit-size mass attached by skin and subcutaneous tissues to the midline of the chin and into the tongue. The mass was warm, and its skin was pink. A structure resembling a vulva was on one aspect


This study investigated perception of male and female junior high school students' on mind mapping method employing qualitative method. Classroom observation was used to get perception of male and female students before conducting the questionnaire. Interview was administered to 2 male and 2 female students from 20 students. The findings revealed that: 1) the male and female students perceived mind mapping method interesting to increase speaking ability; 2) female students were more active and enthusiastic in learning process to increase speaking ability than male; 3) female students submitted a better results of the assignments given by their teacher in effort to increase speaking ability by using mind mapping method; 4) mapping method is very helpful to increase speaking ability of male and female junior high school. This study suggests that the teacher should master and have a better understanding of mind mapping method with the purpose of equipping students various knowledge and English interest to increase their speaking ability. Keywords: gender, mind mapping, perception, speaking ability,


Thick anodic oxide films were formed in 15wt% H2SO4 bath and their electrical properties were investigated in order to clarify the effects of electrical and structural imperfections such as impurities, vacancies, and micro-pores.The following results were obtained:(1) Absorption currents having long relaxation times were observed, which suggested the presence of many traps in the films.(2) The presence of traps was confirmed by measuring the detrapping currents by light irradiation during discharging process.(3) The I-V characteristics of the films were expressed by the equation I=kVn (n=2), which indicates that the electrical conduction mechanism of the films is controlled by only one kind of carrier current limited by the space charge in the case of shallow trap states.(4) The photo-quenched currents as well as the photo-induced currents were also found by measuring the photo-electric effects of the films.


Epigenetic data obtained from whole zebrafish embryos or larvae may mask or dilute organ-specific information. Fluorescence activated cell sorting can diverge cells from their native state, and cryosections often yield insufficient material for molecular analysis. Here, we present a reproducible method for larval intestinal isolation at 5, 7, and 9 days post-fertilization, using the intestine-specific transgene tgBAC(cldn15la:GFP). With tweezers, the intestine can be pulled out of the abdomen in one smooth motion. Upon removal of adhering tissues, intestines can be directly used for analyses. Each dissection takes 3-6 minutes per fish. We demonstrate that 10 and 25 dissected intestines yield enough material for RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing, respectively. This method results in high quality, live material, suitable for many downstream applications. METHOD SUMMARY We present a reproducible method for zebrafish larval intestinal isolation which results in high quality, live material. With tweezers, the intestine can be pulled out of the abdomen and after removal of adhering tissues, intestines can be directly used for analyses. We demonstrate that 10 and 25 dissected intestines yield enough material for RNA-sequencing and ChIP-sequencing, respectively.


Kids mean business to marketers. Around 40 crore kids below the age of 15 are India's most conspicuous consumers, lapping up not just toys, eatables, gadgets, phones and clothes but also counseling their parents on big-ticket purchases. Intense competition to tap this young aspiring segment has seen big players relying on high spends advertisements, cross-selling, licensed merchandising, program length commercials, product placement and promotions involving free gifts. The researcher has tried to analyse the association of cartoon characters with brands in inducing Brand Preference among kids.


ABSTRACT One of the most important aspects in any flotation separation is the choice of the flotation collector. For this reason, based on both our recent research developments and the results from other researchers, this detailed review focuses on fundamental surface chemistry features of fatty acid, hydroxamate, phosphonate, and phosphate as collectors for the flotation recovery of the rare earth (RE) mineral, bastnaesite, including selectivity considerations with respect to separation from calcite, barite, and quartz.


In the present study the cooling performance of an impingement array representative of the type used in some nozzle guide vanes has been investigated. The geometry tested consists of a staggered impingement hole array in which the hole size increases in the direction towards the array outlet. The array geometry parameters are in the range x/d = 3 – 4.8, y/d = 3.75 – 6 and z/d = 1.875 – 3. Heat transfer experiments have been carried out using the transient liquid crystal technique with 3 narrow band thermochromic liquid crystals. Using the transient technique, full surface local heat transfer coefficient distributions have been determined. To calculate local jet Reynolds numbers, a simplified analytic model of the flow field through the impingement channel, which accounts for the effect of different jet hole diameters, has been used. Comparison of the model local pressure distributions with experimentally determined mass flows verify this approach. Local heat transfer coefficients distributions at very high data resolution have been presented for a range of jet Reynolds number between 17,000 and 32,000. The peak in local heat transfer is consistently located at the stagnation point beneath the jets. The high-resolution data also revealed a very repeatable change in the slope of the heat transfer coefficient distribution at a radial distance from the hole axis of 1–1.5 diameters. Stagnation point Nusselt numbers, which rise with increasing local jet Reynolds number and cross-flow to jet flow ratio, show excellent agreement with an earlier correlation.


Attempts have been made to generate high charge state ion beams by employing a multicusp plasma source. Three experimental investigations have been performed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and at Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt (GSI) to study the charge state distributions and the emittance of the extracted beam. Results demonstrate that charge state as high as +7 can be obtained with argon or xenon plasmas. The brightness of a 11‐mA xenon ion beam is found to be 26 A/(π mm mrad)2.


We perform degenerate pump-probe experiments at 1700 nm on GaAs with an additional 780 nm excitation pulse generating free carriers. An increased normalized transmission of the probe is observed, indicative of doubly-stimulated two-photon emission.


Purpose - The aim of this paper is to examine the linkages between child work and both school attendance and school attainment of children aged 5-17 years using data from a survey based in rural Bangladesh. Design/methodology/approach - This paper first looks at school attendance as an indicator of a child's time input in schooling; then it measures the "schooling-for-age" as a learning achievement or schooling outcome using logistic regression models. Findings - The results from this paper show that school attendance and grade attainment are lower for children who are working. The gender-disaggregated estimates show that probability of grade attainment is lower for girls than that of boys. The results further reveal that child work has the highest impact on schooling of Bangladeshi children, followed by supply side correlates (presence of a school in the community), parental education and household income, respectively. Practical implications - The results obtained in this paper are of interest to policy makers seeking to design policies that increase school outcome and reduce child labor. Originality/value - The paper contributes to the limited empirical literature that has explored the impact of child work on schooling on Bangladesh by considering supply side correlates of schooling, and unpaid household work in modeling child labor.


As the most important part,rotor is often in the awful environment. The location of stress concentration area will increase the dangerous of creep brittle fracture which will loss rotor life and shorten the service life of steam turbine. Making rotor of high pressure cylinder of supercritical steam turbine is used as this research and setting rotor life as objective function and optimizing the size of rotor stress concentration area. With the theory of thermal stress analysis uses genetic algorithm of ANSYS software to optimize the shape of the stress concentration area,reducing the stress of rotor and making operation more safe and reliable.


This paper is addressed to a study of the persistent regional null controllability problems for one‐dimensional linear degenerate wave equations through a distributed controller. Different from non‐degenerate wave equations, the classical null controllability results do not hold for some degenerate wave equations. Thus, persistent regional null controllability is introduced, which means finding a control such that the corresponding state of the degenerate wave equation may vanish in a suitable subset of the space domain in a period of time. In order to solve this problem, we need to establish the regional null controllability for degenerate wave equations. This problem is reduced to a suitable observability problem of a linear degenerate wave equation. The key point is to choose a suitable multiplier in order to establish this observability inequality. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The current burden and future escalating threat of chronic diseases, constitutes the major global public health challenge. In Sri Lanka, cardiovascular diseases account for the majority of annual deaths. Data from Sri Lanka also indicate a high incidence and prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes; 1 in 5 adults have elevated blood sugar in Sri Lanka. It is well established that chronic diseases share four primary behavioral risk factors: 1) tobacco use; 2) unhealthy diet; 3) physical inactivity; and 4) harmful use of alcohol. Areas covered: Evidence has convincingly shown that replacing these behavioral risk factors with the converse, healthy lifestyle characteristics, decrease the risk of poor outcomes associated with chronic disease by 60 to 80%. In essence, prevention or reversal of these behavioral risk factors with effective healthy lifestyle programing and interventions is the solution to the current chronic disease crisis. Expert commentary: Healthy lifestyle is medicine with global applicability, including Sri Lanka and the rest of the South Asia region. This policy statement will discuss the chronic disease crisis in Sri Lanka, its current policies and action implemented to promote healthy lifestyles, and further recommendations on preventive medicine and healthy lifestyle initiatives that are needed to move forward.


High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is a DNA binding protein that can induce cytokines to be secreted and activate inflammatory cells to participate in inflammatory reactions. Recent studies on its role in the inflammatory response to endometriosis have gradually increased. Endometriosis is a benign inflammatory disease with increasing incidence year by year, mostly in women of childbearing age. This disease mainly causes the clinical manifestations of dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Endometriosis usually plays a synergistic role in inflammatory immune, lesion tissue invasion, adhesion and other factors, resulting the changes in the pelvic microenvironment. The mechanism of endometriosis is not completely clear, but the role of inflammatory reaction and stimulation can not be ignored. HMGB1 can increase the release of inflammatory factors and cause the body to produce pain, and the expression of HMGB1 in the endometriosis patients is significantly increased. The inflammatory response and pain can be alleviated by reducing the concentration of HMGB1 in the body of endometriosis patients. Pain and other symptoms suggest that HMGB1 may become an important target for the treatment of endometriosis.

Key words:
High mobility group proteins; Endometriosis; Inflammation; Pain; Review


We have previously produced supplements detailing the activities of the Social and Behavioral Research Network (SBSRN). They first documented the planning that went into the establishment of the network, the papers that were presented at the first scientific meeting in Philadelphia in 2008, and specially, the establishment of a Mentoring Day for new investigators or investigators transitioning to working in the area of social and behavioral sciences in HIV. The SBSRN was first established in 2005 to address the need for greater cross-CFAR collaboration and integration of behavioral/social sciences with clinical and basic sciences. R.J.D. and G.M.W. from Emory University CFAR (at the time) and M.B.B. and D.S.M. at the Penn CFAR met in 2005 after an invited talk by R.J.D. and G.M.W. at Penn (Table 1). That initial discussion focused on shared challenges and opportunities as behavioral scientists working within the CFAR program, a predominantly biomedical enterprise. Those initial discussions and shared enthusiasm for broader collaborations across the CFAR program, led to a decision to hold a planning meeting of social and behavioral scientists affiliated with CFARs from across the country. The purpose of that planning meeting was to assess the opportunities and interest in forming an organized group to promote and support social and behavioral sciences within the CFAR program. The planning meeting was held in Atlanta, March 27–28, 2006; hosted by the Emory CFAR and jointly supported by the Penn (J. Hoxie, PI) and Emory (J. Curran, PI) CFARs. At the planning meeting, participants representing 14 CFARs agreed on the importance of forming an organized effort to share tools and strategies that would promote integrated research and stimulate cross-CFAR collaborations. The group also established initial research priorities that were considered most critical for confronting the HIV epidemic; however, it was also recognized that as the HIV epidemic evolved, priorities needed to be responsive and forward looking to insure ongoing relevance in confronting HIV. Participants selected the name "Social and Behavioral Science Research Network" and agreed to rotate the meeting across CFARs, permitting different CFARs to host the annual conference.1 The host CFAR would develop a theme for the conference derived from current priority research areas and the host CFAR's specific scientific expertise. The planning meeting also conceptualized the structure of the SBSRN meetings to include a Mentoring Day, before the scientific meeting, devoted to mentoring early career investigators. Conference presentations were prioritized: (1) if they involved multiple CFARs, (2) if social/behavioral scientists collaborated with clinical/basic scientists in the research, and (3) if they used other CFAR core resources. The keynote presentations would be delivered by nationally prominent HIV experts to provide a state-of-the science overview. Subsequently, the conference would include breakout sessions to permit more indepth discussions of the presentation. An executive committee was elected [DiClemente & Wingood (Emory CFAR), Metzger & Blank (Penn CFAR)] and charged with planning the first national conference in Philadelphia in 2006. A supplement from NIAID to the Penn CFAR (PI-James Hoxie) funded the first National SBSRN Conference in Philadelphia, October 10-12, 2006. That first conference was successful based on an evaluation of participants' feedback; 90% rated the scientific sessions as "excellent or good." The 145 registrants represented 32 institutions 15 CFARs, and 17 other institutions [ie, universities, foundations, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) institutes]. Buoyed by participant feedback, the structure of the Philadelphia conference, which included aMentoring Day before the Scientific Meeting, served as a model for all subsequent SBSRN meetings. Since that time, the SBSRN has been successful in helping to shape the future research agenda for social and behavioral sciences in HIV, and has moved beyond investigators from CFARs to include those involved with the Population Study Centers, supported through NICHD, the AIDS Research Centers, supported through NIMH, and now to anyone interested in participating. Increasingly, community Received for publication August 20, 2019; accepted August 26, 2019. From the HIV Prevention Research Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY; and School of Public Health, New York University, New York, NY. This publication resulted in part from research supported by the Penn Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) (P30 AI 045008 Ronald Collman, PI), the Penn Mental Health AIDS Research Center (PMHARC) (P30 MH 097488 Dwight Evans, PI) and the CFAR Social & Behavioral Science Research Network National Scientific Meeting (SBSRN) (R13 HD 074468 Michael Blank, PI). The authors have or conflicts of interest to disclose. Correspondence to: Michael B. Blank, PhD, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market, Room 4053, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (e-mail: mblank2@ pennmedicine.upenn.edu). Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4. 0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.


ies of Medicine"; Hilary M. Carey, "Medieval Latin Astrology and the Cycles of Life: William English and English Medicine in Cambridge, Trinity College MS O.5.26" (with a transcription of William English's Middle English translation of De urina non visa on pp. 55–74); Concetta Pennuto, "The Debate on Critical Days in Renaissance Italy"; Y. Tzvi Langermann, "The Astral Connections of Critical Days. Some Late Antique Sources Preserved in Hebrew and Arabic"; Anna Akasoy, "Arabic Physiognomy as a Link between Astrology and Medicine"; Vivienne Lo, "Heavenly Bodies in Early China: Astro-Physiology in Context"; Audrius Beinorius, "Astral Hermeneutics: Astrology and Medicine in India"; Vesna A. Wallace, "A Convergence of Medical and Astro-Sciences in Indian Tantric Buddhism: A Case of the Kālacakratantra"; Ronit Yoeli-Tlalim, "Tibetan Medical Astrology"; and Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum, "From Lilly to Steiner and Jung: Temperament in Astrology and Psychology, Seventeenth and Twentieth Centuries." Together they make for a fascinating read.


Objective To explore function and expression of IL-12p35,p40andIFN-γmRNAinthe liver of biliary atresia (BA) mice. Methods Mice Models of BA were induced by infecting with RRV intraperitoneally, 45 mice were BA group , 24 mice were infected with 2%FCS- MEM as control. Expression of IL- 12p35, p40 and IFN- γ mRNA in livers of mice were detected with RT- PCR. Results As to the control group, the expressions of IL- 12p35, p40 and IFN- γ mRNA in the liver of BA mice were much higher than those in control group (P0.01) and peaked at the 9th days after inoculating of RRV (IFN- γ: 13.340±0.539; IL- 12p35: 47.629±2.041; p40: 45.987 ±2.06). Then the expressions of IFN- γ and IL- 12p35 decreased, while the expression of IL- 12p40 remained to a high level. Conclusions The expression of IL- 12p35,p40 and IFN- γ increased in the liver of BA mice, maybe the externalization of IFN- γ is related with IL- 12p35,p40 in the pathogenesis of BA.


the theme of Russian nationalism and patriotism, one would like to have a deeper analysis of the inner workings of this war. In this instance, the colonial legacy and the explanations of Chechen resentment should be more explicitly developed. It seems that the author does not go to the end of her analysis. The author used a lot of testimonies and articles from daily papers, a lot of official literature (decisions of the ECHR, political resolutions of the APCE), but did not put a stress on the sociological works about Chechnya, North Caucasus, and the Tsarist and Soviet legacy at work in those wars. Thirdly, some questions remain unclear about the sources and figures the author gives. Where do the figures about 2000-4000 Chechen fighters (p. 136) come from? The figure of 40,000 Chechen refugees in Europe seems to have been reassessed. This book, however, remains a very useful tool. Students, scholars, lawyers, historians, and general readers, will find a lot of useful information.


The intersection of traffic flow at Red-light Crossing is the only hurdle in otherwise smooth and speed drive in Modern Cities. The co-operative driving under the preview of ITMS (Intelligent Traffic Management System) utilizing VANET is a promising solution of long traffic jam on Red-light crossing. This paper proposes a new traffic control protocol CACA (Collision Avoidance Crossing intersection Algorithm) which will not only enhances the throughput in term of vehicles passing through by a factor of 1.3 but also decreases the Trip delay considerably. Unlike work done till date on co-operative driving utilising VANET which focused on dividing the area into smaller cells, we have designed this protocol focused on using Lane as a building block. Also we are proposing a newly designed I-MAC (Intersection MAC protocol) which is specifically designed to maximize the benefit of CACA. Simulation result shows that combination of our designed protocols will enhance the safety by avoiding collision of vehicles. I-MAC not only reduces data packet drop significantly but also provides real time reliability of Safety messages. It also improves effective Bandwidth utilization having variable slot duration to respond to varying traffic density at intersection.


In this paper, we aim to get to the content-based retrieval of nonuniformly textured objects from natural scenes under varying illumination and viewing conditions. Nonuniformly textured objects are objects containing irregular texture elements such as trees, animals (e.g. lions), walls, and grass. To cope with irregular texture contents, the texture measure is based on comparing feature distributions based on the multidimensional histogram intersection of color ratio derivatives. It is shown that color ratio derivatives are robust to a change in illumination, camera viewpoint, and pose of the textured object. Color ratio derivatives are computed from the RGB color channels of a ccd color camera as well as from spectral data obtained by a spectrograph. To cope with object cluttering, a region-based texture segmentation is applied on the target images in the image database prior to the actual image retrieval process. The region-based segmentation algorithm computes regions or blobs having roughly the same texture content as the query image. After segmenting the target images into blobs, the retrieval process is based on computing the histogram intersection of color ratio derivatives derived from query image and target blobs. Experiments have been conducted on images taken from colored, textured objects. Different light sources have been used to illuminate the objects in the scene. From the theoretical and experimental results, it is concluded that color constant texture matching in image libraries provides high retrieval accuracy and is robust to varying illumination and viewing conditions.


A strong anisotropy is induced in melt‐spun and hot‐pressed Nd‐Fe‐B ribbons by a specific heat treatment such as a slow heating up to 1000 °C. The present study clarifies the origin of the induced anisotropy through microstructural observations. The following grain growth of Nd2Fe14B grains during heating has been observed: (I) As‐quenched Nd2Fe14B grains grow coarser at the roll side of the ribbons at around 750 °C, and at the front of the coarse‐grain region a Nd‐rich region is formed. (II) A rapid grain growth of some of the coarse grains (excessive grain growth) occurs at an interface of the two regions at around 800 °C. The grains which have their c axes parallel to the ribbon thickness direction grow at a faster rate along a band of the Nd‐rich region. Such preferential grain growth in stacked ribbons results in the enhancement of magnetization in the press direction.


Starting from first principles, a study of the ground states of manganese arsenide and manganese phosphide, which have a hexagonal B81 and a distorted rhombohedral B31 crystal structure, is made by the FP–LMTO method. It is shown that in these compounds a continuous transition from a high-spin to a low-spin state occurs as the volume of the lattice is changed, and it turns out that the magnetic moment of the manganese atoms is the same at equal volumes. Starting from the results of a calculation of the total energy of these systems as a function of the parameters of the structural distortions, it is established that the high-spin state suppresses the structural distortions, while the low-spin state enhances them. It is shown that the difference of the crystal and magnetic structures of manganese arsenide and phosphide is due solely to the different lattice volumes, i.e., the substitution of arsenic by phosphorus is equivalent to the application of external hydrostatic pressure. It is conjectured that a qu...


When the user of a digital camera records an image, there is some presumption that when displayed, there is an accurate tonal representation. However, this is almost never the case. The paper shows how capture and tonal reproduction of an image rarely match, as well as a brief history as to why this is true. Techniques for calibrating digital cameras tonally as well as calibrating viewing devices are presented. The paper demonstrates a method of recovering camera response curves easily and with precision. Monitor calibration is demonstrated in a means that allows an accurate display of light-linear images. Ultimately, the paper shows how the proposed methods of calibration for digital cameras and display devices results in the accurate representation of images


numeral summary tables (instead of the six used heretofore), which he illustrates with 1953 figures in detail (pp. 346-48). Copeland lays emphasis upon the flows of funds from one sector of the economy to another, and for the most part labels his totals "sources of funds" and "uses of funds." He has managed to reduce the number of items about 50 per cent. Lewis Bassie and Paul Kircher contribute papers for Part V, and John W. Kendrick's paper on the "Measurement of Real Product" forms Part VI. Part VII is assigned to investment and saving, with a paper on "Business Plant and Equipment" by Eric Schiff, one on "Capital Consumption and Net Capital Formation" by Solomon Fabricant, and one on "Saving" by Raymond W. Goldsmith. Fabricant shows not a little impatience with the progress made by the Department of Commerce since 1945 in the national income and product technique, and points out that several questions raised in 1955 were supposedly settled in substance in a conference held in November, 1945. Part VIII of the Critique is given over to papers on special sectors of the economy. Karl A. Fox reports on "Agricultural Income," Stanley Lebergott discusses "Entrepreneurial Income," Joseph Lerner writes on "Extractive Industries," and Clark Warburton is the authority on "Financial Intermediaries." In Part IX, Geoffrey H. Moore displays his work on the "Seasonal Adjustment of the Income and Product Series" in considerable statistical detail, with comments by Ernest W. Grove. Although economic historians will not all find the Critique required reading, those who wish to be well informed in any of the fields mentioned above should consult the respective papers in this Volume 22. Each of the contributions represents considerable thought on the part of one deeply concerned with his specialty. The volume is indispensable to anyone making a survey of the development of thought in the field of national economic accounting, as well as anybody seeking a thorough understanding of the statistical aggregates published quarterly and annually by the Department of Commerce. The fact of the matter is that the Conference of November, 1955, was followed by a series of conferences in 1956 and 1957 of a nine-man National Accounts Review Committee. This Committee, which was appointed by the National Bureau at the request of the Bureau of the Budget, included several of the contributors to the volume reviewed here, and rendered a report to the Subcommittee on Economic Statistics of the Joint Economic Committee of the Congress on October 29 and 30, 1957. The Office of Business Economics has since issued a volume entitled U. S. Income and Output: A Supplement to the Survey of Current Business which reflects some of the thinking of the various contributors named above. THOMAS S. BERRY, University of Richmond


In December 2019, pneumonia cases with unknown cause occurred in Wuhan City, China's Hubei Province. As a result of their studies, Chinese scientists revealed that the agent causing pneumonia in these patients was 'severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously known as 2019-nCoV)'. The disease was introduced in the literature in February 2020 as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the following times, the disease spread rapidly, and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared pandemic. COVID-19 does not currently have an antiviral treatment available, and treatment is focused on respiratory support. The high level of contagiousness and its characterization with pneumonia that can be mortal have made COVID-19 a public health problem that should be concerned beyond being just an infectious pandemic. Proper management of patients within the surgical indication during pandemic is important both to prevent emergency-related mortality and to manage cancer patients correctly in the process. In this study, we tried to review the information in the literature about how general surgical clinical practices should be carried out during the pandemic process. In the light of this information, we emphasized the importance of protecting healthcare workers, usage of personal protective equipment, management of surgical emergencies and cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.


The aims of this project are 1) to investigate the consequences over five years of early signs of mobility limitations expressed as fallevents, a changed walking pattern with a cognitive load (dual ...


The paper deals with discourse development tendencies determined by social, economic, cultural and historic characteristics of our present existence, on the one hand, and modern technologies of distant communication, on the other hand. The material analyzed comprises texts taken from network and media discourse as presented in the Internet and Russian contemporary oral and written speech card-catalogue compiled by the authors. The model of our study includes four components of a communicative situation: subjects, texts, chronotops and organizational characteristics. We argue that modern discourse is characterized by the following properties of its participants: expansion of self-presentation, juvenile manner of communication, critical attitude to information, communicative over-saturation. Semiotic properties of modern discourse characterize the texts used in various types of communicative interaction, they include significant growth of multimodal content in all the types of written communication (it corresponds to predominant usage of visual information transmitted by electronic media), vulgarization of speech, and oral and written texts diffusion in distant communication. Chronotopic properties of oral discourse consist in the communicative compression of messages we exchange, in acceleration of our life and shrinkage of communicative turns, and in new demands to everyday habitual existence which makes it a vital necessity to have the access to the Internet in every home. Organizational properties of modern communicative practice may be defined as emerging of inter-discursive hybrid types of communication concerning media and network discourse, diffusion and merging of personal and institutional and private and public communication, and formation of new rituals which are mostly realized in gestures or clips.


Generic competencies or skills, as represented in the Mayer Key Competencies, appear to have drifted in and out of fashion with policy makers over the past decade. Originally conceived as essential, especially for the education of adolescents in order to make them work ready, research findings indicate that there are problems with these competencies/skills and the ways in which they are being implemented, particularly in Australia. This paper looks at some of the more recent research evidence and analyses the problems and issues from a cognitive psychology-skill learning perspective. It is concluded that there are important generalisation and transfer of learning issues what have not been adequately taken into account in earlier conceptualisations of these generic competencies and current implementation practices.


Many product innovation studies have described key determinants that should lead to successful incremental product innovation. Despite numerous studies suggesting how incremental product innovation should be successfully undertaken, many firms still struggle with this type of innovation. In this paper, we use an institutional perspective to investigate why established firms in the financial services industry struggle with their complex incremental product innovation efforts. We argue that although the impact of micro institutional forces is often overlooked in innovation studies, these forces matter for innovation success. Our study complements the existing innovation literature and provides an additional explanation why incremental product innovation is highly complex and suffers from several liabilities in established firms. Using qualitative data from the Dutch financial services sector collected over the period 1997—2002, the paper illustrates how micro institutional forces at the business unit level affect complex incremental product innovation and how the interaction of these forces delivers their impact.


This paper presents the controlling system of Pico Hydro Power Plant (PHPP) and Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) for the defined Region based on the developmental project under doing and being to do. Controller for PHPP is based on the direct control method that is widely used in pico degree hydro system. Controller for MHPP is based on the two kinds of isolated operation method and network connection method. This paper also shows an optimal procedure in installation of wind power turbine. Considering the tail affect of frond wind power turbine, mathematic model that can be used for determining the wind speed on the complex land shape is derived, and also the Wind Speed Reduction Coefficient is introduced by experimental values. The economical procedure in installation wind power turbine is also analyzed by considering the allowance of land using possibility.


The relationship among energy consumption,amount of fragments and fragment size is a basic question about rock fragmentation.The impact experiment was made on the skarm samples with SHPB equipment and loading a half-sine wave,and the fragment-size distribution of broken rock was obtained by sieving.The relationship between total incident energy under impact and energy consumption during skarm fragmentation,and the quantitative relation between energy consumption and fragment-size distribution are derived.


3D visualization is essential for many industrial applications. For instance, in the oil and gas industry, the visualization of reservoirs and their associated wells helps petroleum engineers to develop exploration and production strategies. For that purpose, there are integrated domain- oriented commercial software solutions. However, their 3D visualization part has significant limitations due to their closed source nature and dedicated domain. An alternative is to use general purpose open-source visualization platform such as ParaView. The challenge is to be used seamlessly in combination with in-house data management system which needs an integration effort. Embedding one application into another requires significant effort of programing, especially, when the technology stack of the data management application is different from the one ParaView is built on. In this study we present the solution of using ParaView along with a hypothetical corporate data-management application without embedding one into another. The inter-process communication protocol is based on ParaView Python API. The proposed approach allows using the full power of ParaView and data management application with minimal integration efforts.


The isotope $^{163}$Ho undergoes an electron capture process with a recommended value for the energy available to the decay, $Q_{\rm EC}$, of about 2.5 keV. According to the present knowledge, this is the lowest $Q_{\rm EC}$ value for electron capture processes. Because of that, $^{163}$Ho is the best candidate to perform experiments to investigate the value of the electron neutrino mass based on the analysis of the calorimetrically measured spectrum.
We present for the first time the calorimetric measurement of the atomic de-excitation of the $^{163}$Dy daughter atom upon the capture of an electron from the 5s shell in $^{163}$Ho, OI-line. The measured peak energy is 48 eV. This measurement was performed using low temperature metallic magnetic calorimeters with the $^{163}$Ho ion implanted in the absorber.
We demonstrate that the calorimetric spectrum of $^{163}$Ho can be measured with high precision and that the parameters describing the spectrum can be learned from the analysis of the data. Finally, we discuss the implications of this result for the Electron Capture $^{163}$Ho experiment, ECHo, aiming to reach sub-eV sensitivity on the electron neutrino mass by a high precision and high statistics calorimetric measurement of the $^{163}$Ho spectrum.


Hepatitis B is a disease transmitted vertically from mother to baby, immunization with HB-0 immediately after birth is one of prevention of transmission. Indonesia the third larges after China and India. Survey results in the Village of Bonda Kasemany there were to Indonesia many barriers and obstacles encountered in the implementation of Hepatitis B-0 immunization infants ≤ 7 days. The purpose of this study was to the precision factor of giving Hepatitis B-0 immunization in the Village of Bonda Kase Natal District. This type of research is explanatory research. The population is all mother who have babies 0-1 years and resides in the Village of Bonda KaseNatal District .In 2018 as many as 271 people. The samples were all mothers have babies 0-1 years, have recorded the statements KMS midwife and resides in the Village of Bonda KaseNatal District as many as 103 people. Data were collected through questionnaires. Analyzed through the stages of univariate, bivariate use test chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression using multiple statistical tests at 95% significance level. The results of the bivariate analysis suggests that predisposing factors (work and knowledge), supporting factors (birth attendant and birth place) and the drivers (support of husband/ family) regarding the accuracy awarding the work of HB-0 (p=0.001;RP=6, 20; 95% CI=3.75-10.26), knowledge(p=0.013; RP=0.85; 95% CI=0.75-0.97), birth attendant(p=0.001;RP=3,63; 95% CI=2.06-6.40), where deliveries (p=0.001;RP=2.61; 95% CI=1.56-4.36), and the support of husband/family(p=0.001;RP=0.38; 95% CI=0.31-0.47). It is suggested that a working mother and gave birth athomeas soon as possible in order to provide immunizations HB-0 to a baby with a baby to the nearest health facility when the baby is0-7 day sold.


At the 17th National People's Congress,one of agenda proposed is to intensify the integration of functions of small departments to found larger ones in the State Council reform and explore the institutional unity of the major functions of the department and inter-institutional coordination mechanism.The paper maintains that the local governments of ethnic minority communities should recognize the necessity and immediacy of implementing the reform.They should keep up with the trend of reform,promote the local institutional reform and construct a service-oriented government.


The emerging fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0) is leading the healthcare system toward more digitalization and smart management. For instance, recent digital healthcare solutions can help dentists/practitioners save time by managing their schedules and managing diagnosis and treatment. The proposed solution is a diagnostic module that can be integrated into existing dental software. This module is based on artificial intelligence (AI) that allows the diagnosis of X-ray images/volumes and helps in the early detection and diagnosis of oral health diseases. The solution presents a smart and automated assistive platform to aid dental practitioners in identifying underlying tooth diseases and accessing doctors in treatment suggestions.


Vocabulary is one the skills that should be taught at school. Based on the writer's teaching experience at SDN 4 Gadingrejo-Pringsewu, she found that the students still have difficulties in vocabulary. One of the problem is they lack of vocabularies that make the students difficult to reveal their idea with their own words. Therefore, the writer employed song as a teaching media to increase students' vocabulary mastery.
The subject of this research is the fifth year students of SDN 4 Gadingrejo-Pringsewu. The research lasted from January 6th until February 8th 2013. A classroom action research is carried out in order to increase students' vocabulary mastery after using song as a teaching media in vocabulary class.
The research was conducted at SDN 4 Gadingrejo-Pringsewu at the fifth year students in the academic year 2012 - 2013. This Classroom Action Research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisted of: planning, action, observation and reflection. In cycle I, there were 14 students (47.7%) who gained score > 80, thus, she conducted cycle II, and there were 24 students (80%) who gained score > 80. It means the indicator is achieved. For the learning process, that is the students' activities, there were only 19 students (57%) who did 70% of the activities in cycle I, then she conducted the other cycle to reach the indicator, and in cycle II there were 28 students (84%) who did 70% of the activities, it showed that the indicator is achieved. Meanwhile, for the teacher's performance the indicator of the research is, if the teacher can get score at least 80 for her teaching performance. The teacher got 47.7 in cycle I, and then she got 84 in cycle II which means that she could teach the students well after using song as a teaching media.
The result of the research proves that song as a teaching media increases the students' vocabulary mastery. The indicators of the research are concerned on the learning process. Therefore, song as a teaching media is recommended to be used by teachers to increase their students' vocabulary mastery.


Human Systems Integration (HSI) is the integrated, comprehensive analysis, design and assessment of requirements, concepts, and resources for system Manpower; Personnel, Training, Environment, Safety, Occupational Heath, Habitability, Survivability and Human Factors Engineering. This paper describes a new research effort to extend a set of systems engineering leading indicators developed in prior research, to more effectively address HSI considerations. HSI is tightly coupled with the systems engineering process, particularly in large defense and government programs, making it challenging to determine if HSI is sufficiently considered to ensure a successful program. It is also challenging to isolate and identify HSI issues, particularly in the early stages of acquisition and program development. The objective of the research is to augment and extend the current systems engineering leading indicators, including interpretive guidance, to enhance the predictability of programmatic and technical performance on a program to include adequate HSI consideration.


The magneto-convection on the solar surface is important not only as a trigger of many surface energetic events, e.g. solar flare, jet, and X-ray bright point, but also as an actual example of the most detailedly observed and numerically simulated magneto-convection on the stellar surface owing to its closeness to the earth. However, the elements of magneto-convection (<1,000km), the basic convective cells and magnetic patches formed by convective motion, are much smaller than solar global scale( ̃70,0000km). It means that we need large field of view to catch up enough number of structures simultaneously with high spatial resolution to capture such small scale structures. Thanks to the improvement of engineering technique for satellite observation and computers for numerical calculation, we are now able to catch such a large scale structure at the same time. However, the new difficulty, how to investigate statistical characters of convective cells and magnetic structures in such huge data sets, has just shown up in the analysis.


FISHER (J. R.) . — Government and Society in Colonial Peru. The Intendant System (1784-1814) . University of London. Athlone Press. 1970. 289 pp. Preco: 75 s.


We describe an experiment that tests the hypothesis that projectile points with high thickness: length ratios are more durable than points with low thickness: length ratios. Fifty obsidian projectile points were manufactured to specific lengths, widths, and thicknesses. These were then fired into a deer carcass with a bow repeatedly until each point broke. None of the points were resharpened. The hardness of the material struck was a significant predictor of a point's durability. Controlling for this variable, however, we found that points with a high thickness: length ratio (>.121) were slightly albeit significantly more durable than those with a low ratio. No other attribute of size or shape was a significant predictor of durability.


Our study uses the Socio Emotional Wealth Perspective (SEW) to test our contention that Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) founders are more inclined to satisfy first their non-economic goals rather than satisfying the economic goals of REIT shareholders. We test our hypotheses with an unbalanced panel dataset that includes an average of 66 publicly-traded equity REITs from 1999–2012 that produced 921 REIT-year observations. Our exploratory results provide evidence of SEW preservation as REITs led by founders' successors tend to underperform; however, the family identification with the REIT affects performance positively. This is one of the first studies that merge the REIT and the family business streams of research. Future directions are suggested.


In Chines modern literature,the teahouse and the pub have become an important window for writers to scan the public life of the China modern public life.The teahouse and the pub provide many public functions,such as leisure and meeting,comment on quarrel,communication;meanwhile,because of the influence of the hierarchy and the power-centered consciousness,the public place is compressed and dissimilated,and loses its some public functions on some degree.


The current effect and the lagging effect of foreign direct investment (FDl)on economy growth in Guangxi by econometrics model are analyzed and that FDI contribution to economic growth in Guangxi are found.It should be noticed to lead the foreign direct investment into the appropriate industries at the same time to attract foreign direct investment in Guangxi.


This paper proposes a practical monitoring method for concrete placing by thermography, measuring the discrepancies of temperature on the external surface of forms using an infrared radiometer. The height of concrete layer can be determined during placing, and defects in concrete due to poor consolidation, such as voids and honeycombs, can also be located. When concrete temperature is higher than those of forms, parts of concrete which are poorly consolidated have low temperature as compared with that which are properly consolidated. The average delay in time to detect the rise of the concrete level is 20 seconds in case of metal forms and in case of plywood forms it is 100 seconds. The defects were clearly confirmed by image analysis. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 861706.


The collapsed area of coal mine was filled with coal ash from thermal power plant, and covered with a surface soil layer of 30cm, then the area was reformed into "artificial soil". In 1990, Populus×euramericana cv. 'Neva' plantation was set up. The main measures are: (1) Treatment of different soil depth (0, 30, 55cm, and mixing soil and ash ); (2) Treatment of fertilization (orthogonal design totally 16 treatments) ; (3) Treatment of appling green manure (planting 4 species of green manure crops or manuring with the same crops). The method for computer simulation is: firstly, pre-eviuating the model's controlling point, then, using logistic equation to simulate the growth process of tree height and DBH, net present value(NPV) and internal receiving rate(IRR) used as the evaluation indexes for evaluating superior model. The results show that the first-class model is on the basis of covering 30cm soil layer, 0. 5kg/hole P fertilzer applied as hasal fertilzer, soaked irrigation once, and planting Sesbania in the row inter space or manuring Amorpha fruticosa in successive years. The maximum economic benefit can be achieved by it, and its IRR can reach over 18%. If taking the improvement of ecological envirnment as the main purpose, and increasing input to pursue even higher production of plantation, the best combination will just be the combinations of best ones in each single item experiment.


The following paper intends to review the selected theory of the famous Italian architect Aldo Rossi. The analogy is on explication of Rossi's design method, which relies on the psychological analogy. And the embodiment of his theoretical ideas in design work explains the impact of Rossi's architecture.


The present paper deals with various integral formulas involving H̄ -function due to Inayat-Hussain multiplied with algebraic functions and special functions. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 33CXX, 33C60.


This contribution outlines a cognitive engineering approach to structure, describe and depict configurations for highly automated human-machine systems using a common language. These systems involve cognitive agents, for autonomous vehicle guidance and mission management. The method focusses on the systematic top-down deduction of requirements for human-autonomy work share and interaction in the work process. Therefore, this contribution outlines a procedure to follow to design and describe such human-autonomy teaming systems, related user and system requirements, and top-level system designs. This contribution primarily aims at the application field of military, highly automated manned/unmanned vehicle systems.


PurposeBIM research to date has in general zeroed in on featuring the significance of BIM-enabled integration and collaboration (BIMIC) rather than giving exact proof of its occurrence. Accordingly, this research quantitatively explored the determinants of BIMIC in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis research conceptualized a four-pillar model of BIM-enabled integration and collaboration. The speculations in the model were examined using SEM-MLE.FindingsThe aftereffects of the SEM-MLE demonstrated that network communication, knowledge sharing, and transfer, information sharing and exchange and trust-based relationships are critical determinants of BIMIC. The model's prescient power demonstrates an acceptable validity, and the boundary gauges showed that all the hypotheses were measurably huge.Research limitations/implicationsThis research gives a hypothetical premise for further investigation of BIMIC by supporting the postulations on the occurrence of collaboration and integrations among the BIM-SCM.Practical implicationsThe idea investigated involving SEM in this research gives a holistic view to the BIM managers in arranging BIM-based activities and overseeing BIM cycles and supply chain members. It likewise offers rules and structures for accomplishing and overseeing integration and collaboration among the BIM supply chain members.Originality/valueDespite 20 years of exploration on the BIM concept and adoption, no idea has been given to clarify the determinants of integration and collaboration as a BIM cycle. The four-pillar model of BIMIC created and tested in this research clarified BIMIC and contributed a new model to the current literature on the BIM process.


Preface Optical Properties of Unconventional Superconductors Laser Ablation of MgB2 Thin Films and Characterisation of the Magnetic Flux Structure by Means of Magneto-Optics and Surface Acoustic Waves Microwave Response of Ceramic MgB2 Samples Theory of Superconductivity in Doped Cuprates Low-Temperature Synthesis of Superconducting MgB2 Thin Films for Electronics Applications High Temperature Superconductivity: Berry Phase and Entanglement Thermomagnetic Shock Waves in the Vortex State of Type-II Superconductors Finite Temperature Effects on the Quantum Phase Transition in Disordered Wave Superconductors Index.


The effect of outdoor vegetation as seen from the window of the living room on the self-reported noise annoyance was studied. Face-to-face surveys were taken at 105 participants at their homes (in the city of Ghent, Belgium). The living room, facing the road, was in all cases directly and highly exposed to road traffic noise (Lden levels between 65 and 80 dBA as taken from the official END's road traffic city noise map). Although noise levels at the most exposed facade were high, the percentage of dwellers in this survey that were at least moderately annoyed by noise was rather low (19%). This can be partly explained by only selecting dwellings with a pronounced quiet side to rule out this effect. Visual outside vegetation from the living room was shown to have a strong effect on the remaining self-reported noise annoyance; the chance of being at least moderately annoyed by noise when view on outdoor vegetation is absent is about 5 times as high compared to having a pronounced green visual.


Relative attribute represents the correlation degree of one attribute between an image pair (e.g. one car image has more seat number than the other car image). While appearance highly and directly correlated relative attribute is easy to predict, fine-grained or appearance insensitive relative attribute prediction still remains as a challenging task. To address this challenge, we propose a multi-task trainable deep neural networks by incorporating an object's both local context and global style information to infer the relative attribute. In particular, we leverage convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to extract feature, followed by a ranking network to score the image pair. In CNNs, we treat features arising from intermediate convolution layers and full connection layers in CNNs as local context and global style information, respectively. Our intuition is that local context corresponds to bottom-to-top localised visual difference and global style information records high-level global subtle difference from a top-to-bottom scope between an image pair. We concatenate them together to escalate overall performance of multi-task relative attribute prediction. Finally, experimental results on 5 publicly available datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach outperforms several other state-of-the-art methods and further achieves comparable results when comparing to very deep networks, like 152-ResNet [19] and inception-v3 [8].


The study of language, meaning and communication in the cognitive sciences has undergone a kind of conceptual inflation in the past twenty years or so. Not only has the very nature of human communication come to be seen as, in many respects, Gricean, but also linguistic meaning itself has come to be widely regarded in terms of the effect of language use on mental states. As a result, a more or less explicit assumption about the conceptual abilities of agents who have linguistic and communicative competence has been adopted in a variety of disciplines ranging from language acquisition to formal semantic theories: that these agents have the ability to represent and make inferences about the mental states of others. The purpose of this paper will be to offer considerations in support of the contrary, more minimalist view that neither meaning nor communication involve the representation of mental states essentially. Correspondingly, agents who are competent with regards language use and communication need not possess metacognitive abilities.


The comparison between the traffic accident registers of the city of Helsinki and the Traffic Safety Committee of Insurance Companies (VALT) was based on accidents that took place in Helsinki in 1980. The study was made as a distribution comparison both for all accidents and fatal or injury accidents. A total of 3575 traffic accidents occurred in Helsinki according to the city's own register and 12067 accidents according to VALT's register. Thus VALT's register contains information of a 3.4 times greater number of accidents. The corresponding ratio in a national comparison was 2.5 in 1980. About 1.5 times as many fatal or injury accidents took place in Helsinki according to VALT's register (1124) compared to Helsinki's register (772). The difference in the number of fatal or injury accidents is partly due to the registers' differing definitions of an injury. (TRRL)


Object to define defects of drug accurately and to initially discuss its law responsibility. Method With comparative study and system thinking,we acquired few scientific recognition of drug's defects. Result Conclusion Defects of drug are not equal to negative drug reaction. The former one should be an unreasonable and potential risk which induces no expectant therapeutic efficacy to provide. And its law responsibility could be no-fault liability accompanied by state compensation.


Accurate target recognition and stable follow in real clutter environment are important tasks for following a random robot. In this paper, a scheme of detecting and tracking human legs using a single lidar is proposed. The HDBSCAN algorithm is optimized by human leg characteristics, and the leg line features are fused on the basis of the density characteristics of the leg laser radar data, and the leg information of the target is clustered and its location is obtained. Based on the relative shift angle of target moving and the lock-in algorithm of tracking distance, the single target detection and tracking in unstructured environment can be realized. The lidar dataset in multiple scenes verifies that the clustering algorithm based on feature optimization improves the accuracy of target legs detection by more than 10% compared with the original algorithm. The scheme performs follow-up experiments on a self-built solid robot. The experimental results show that the robot can achieve accurate and stable human target follow in clutter environment.


In present cloud storage services integrity became major problem. For these traditional researchers implemented so many approaches, but still its facing major problem of security and data owners storing data in multiple clouds. We implemented the security of our scheme based on zeroknowledge proof system and which can satisfy completeness and knowledge soundness and zeroknowledge properties. The performance optimization mechanisms for our scheme and in particular present an efficient method for selecting optimal parameter values to minimize the computation costs of clients and storage service providers.


The poetic wisdom of classic Chinese poetry is conveyed based on cultural backgrounds,language sources,empiricism,Confucianism,Taoism,Buddhism and ancient imperial system.As such,it is represented by means of vivid thinking,pictographs,experiences-based rhetoric and logic,and even critical writing.


The invention discloses a method and a device for determining attribution type of a non-noise audio frequency signal, the method first obtains a frequency spectrum characteristic parameter of the non-noise audio frequency signal, and then determines the attribution type of the current non-noise audio frequency signal according to the frequency spectrum characteristic parameter of the non-noise audio frequency signal and a set characteristic parameter threshold value. It can be known that the method determines the attribution type of the current non-noise audio frequency signal according to the frequency spectrum characteristic parameter of the non-noise audio frequency signal, hence the embodiment of the invention is able to exist with deviation from a coding arithmetic so as to include the independence and the transplantability.


Summary Using the film The Cook, the Thief His Wife and her Lover (from which this paper's title is borrowed) as a powerful illustration, the paper examines some of the unconscious processes which form part of everyday life for nurses working in the community, particularly on the wards of our hospitals. It is an attempt to describe some of these processes and to understand the conditions that promote them. With acknowledgements to the pioneers in this sort of work, such as Main, Menzies-Lyth, Trist, Bamforth and Jaques, the paper looks at the ethology of institutions and at activity that takes place on the boundaries between self and other, between the inner world and external reality, and between various levels in the hierarchy. The paper identifies some of the 'routines' which grew up in nursing (and those which have replaced them), the unconscious purpose of which is to safeguard the emotional and psychological integrity of the nurse, through creating a distance between herself and her patients. The pa...


Hypothalamic hamartomas, are benigns tumors of central nervous system, related to development of the true sexual precocious puberty, have been more frecuently diagnosed due to improvement of the radiologic technology (computed tomography and MRI scanning).We studied two children with precocious sexual development (Case 1: boy, onset the development of public hair and growth of the penis at 6 months of age; Case 2: girl with breast development and menarche at 6 months.In both patients hypothalamic hamartomas were demonstrated by MRI (Case 2) and CT and MRI (case 1).At the first evaluation we observed enlargenment of the penis (8,0 cm) and a testicular diameter of 2,5 cm in case 1; and b reast stage Tanner II in case 2. Both had a pubertal response to the GnRH stimulation test (100 mg IV), LH 51,4 and 28.3 mUI/ml, respectively and normal levels of DHEAS for age.The children were treated with GnRH analog depot (D-Trp6-GnRH) in dosage of 1.5 mg IM every month for 36 and 18 months respectively. Gonadotropin secretion was inhibited with use of GnRH analog. Physical signs of puberty did not progress futher, without menstrual periods and with height velocity remained between normal range. Laboratory data showed normalization of testosterone level in case 1 (144,5 to 15 ng/dl).We conclude that GnRH analog therapy is efficient in patients with true precocious puberty secondary to hyphotalamic hamartoma.


MONDE is a large area neutron momentum detector, consisting of a 70x160x5 cm3 plastic scintillator slab surrounded by 16 photomultiplier tubes, standard NIM signal processing electronics and a CAMAC data acquisition system. In this work we present data from a characterization run using an external trigger. For that purpose, coincident gamma rays from a 60Co radioactive source were used together with a NaI external detector. First results with an "external" trigger are presented.


A Coprology based cross sectional study was conducted on poultry coccidiosis of local and exotic breed from April to June, 2018 in and around Jimma town, Oromia regional state, south western Ethiopia. A total of 367 faecal samples were collected from exotic and Indigenous breeds of chickens randomly, including both younger and adult age groups from different management system. Saturated solution of sugar was used as floating medium. Out of the 367 chicken examined, 119 were positive for coccidian parasites giving the overall prevalence of 32.4%. Among age groups, breed, sex, management system, hygienic status and medication history and vaccinated, higher prevalence was observed in young (48.8%), exotic chicken (36.4%), male (35%), and those with intensive management system (39.5%), poor hygienic status (37%) and not medicated (36%) and vaccinated (35.5%) respectively. Young chicken and those with intensive management, poor hygienic status, exotic breed and not medicated had higher risk of acquiring coccidiosis (P<0.05). Even though relatively higher prevalence of coccidiosis was recorded in the chicken that were vaccinated (34%) than non-vaccinated (30.5%), but no significant difference (P>0.05) was obtained. In conclusion, the present study showed that coccidiosis is an important disease of poultry and this warrant appropriate control strategies need to be designed in order to reduce the impact of poultry coccidiosis in the study area.


The purpose of this study is to explore (a) issues perceived by Filipino American middle school students in the Los Angeles area of Southern California as having an adverse impact on their educational experience and cultural identity; (b) ways in which students have personally mediated these issues; and (c) student perspectives related to the types of programs and activities believed to have the most positive impact on the educational experience and cultural identity development of Filipino American middle school students. The middle school experience within the Los Angeles area of Southern California has provided Filipino American students with a standard-based curriculum and school-based activities for learning. However, the school curriculum and school-based activities limits opportunities for Filipino American middle school students to deepen their knowledge of Filipino American education experiences and cultural identity development. Therefore, there is a tremendous opportunity to explore the educational experiences and cultural identity development of Filipino American middle school students in Southern California area of Los Angeles. The literature has revealed that Filipino American students who graduate from public schools enter postsecondary education unprepared and academically challenged. Further review of the literature has revealed that little research has been done to determine the issues perceived by Filipino American middle school students, how they mediate issues, and what types of programs and activities have the most positive impact on their educational experience and cultural identity development. This study explored the lived experiences of 16 Filipino American middle school students within the Los Angeles area of Southern California. The top seven topics that


A positioning method using digital audio broadcasting is provided to reduce the number of transmitters by transmitting DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting) and TDMB(Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting) signals at different powers for respective channels of a transmission frame. A transmission frame multiplexer(210) receives FIC(Fast Information Channel) data and MSC(Main Service Channel) data from the outside. An FIC/MSC symbol generator(220) receives the FIC and MSC data and generates a first symbol. A synchronous channel symbol generator(240) generates a second symbol corresponding to the synchronous channel information. A first gain block(260) amplifies the power of the second symbol by a first gain ratio. An OFDM signal generator(230) receives the first and second symbols to generate an OFDM signal. A TTI signal generator(250) adds TTI(Transmitter Identification Information) signals to the OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) signals to generate a DAB signal.


The coalescence process of two droplets in simple shear flow was modeled and simulated by the diffuse interface method. The collision between two droplets was investigated. The systems with small Peclet number, which denotes highly diffuse ability of concentration, were found to coalesce faster and easier due to the overlap of interfacial layers. The effect of matrix elasticity on droplet coalescence was studied thoroughly. The matrix elasticity was found to decrease the hydrodynamic interactions between droplets, and delay the coalescence process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1856–1869, 2007


The class of finite solube groups with zero deficiency known to have soluble lenght five or six is small. In this paper we exhibit some classes of such goups.


This study aims to determine the readiness and understanding of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) lecturers in the implementation of Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). A total of 203 TVET lecturers in Malaysia were involved in this study, which also used descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings reveal a high level of readiness, understanding and implementation of IR 4.0 amongst the TVET lecturers. A significant relationship likewise exists amongst readiness, understanding and implementation of IR4.0. Findings also show that the TVET lecturers' understanding is a mediator of the relationship between readiness and implementation of IR4.0. Lastly, results imply that the lecturers can further enhance their effort in implementing IR4.0 to achieve the Mission of 2020.


Wetlands at the interface of the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems ar e intensive sites for mineralization of organic matter, but the contribution of winter season fluxes of CH4, CO2 and N2O from wetland ecosystems to annual budge ts is poorly known. By using the static opaque chamber and GC techniques, fluxes of CH4, CO2 and N2O at two freshwater marshes in the Sanjiang Plain were measur ed during the winter seasons of 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 with contrasting snow co nditions and flooding regimes. The results showed that there were significant in terannual and spatial differences in CH4, CO2 and N2O fluxes. The Carex lasiocar pa marsh emitted more CH4 and CO2 while absorbed less N2O than the Deyeuxia angu stifolia marsh during the winter seasons. Over the winter season, emissions of C H4, CO2 and N2O ranged from 0.42 to 2.41 gC/m2, from 24.13 to 50.16 gC/m2, and from -25.20 to -148.96 mgN/m2, respectively. The contributions of winter season CH4 and CO2 emission to the annual budgets were 2.32%—4.62% and 22.17%—27.97%, respectively. Marshes uptake N2O during the freezing period, while release N2O during the thawing period. The winter uptake equaled to 13.70%—86.69% of the gr owing-season loss. We conclude that gas exchange between soil/snow and the atmos phere in the winter season contributed greatly to the annual budgets and cannot be ignored in a cool temperate freshwater marsh in Northeast China.


This lecture was given on 21 April 2004, in Tokyo, Japan, on the occasion of the 20th Anniversary of the Japan Prize. John Lawton was awarded the 2004 Japan Prize for 'Observational, experimental and theoretical achievements for the scientific understanding and conservation of biodiversity'.


In order to study the effects of the radius-to-thickness ratio Rt and the slenderness ratio λ on seismic performance of partially concrete-filled steel bridge piers,numerical analyses were carried out by finite element package MARC.In order to check the validity of the FEM analysis,the numerical result of partially concrete-filled steel column was compared with the previous experimental result.Then,7 specimens were analyzed under axial load and cyclic horizontal load.When the slenderness ratio λ increased,maximum strength was almost the same but energy absorption increased except for specimen with λ=0.15.The maximum strength changed very little with the change of Rt.Energy absorption increased rapidly with the increase in Rt.Thus,these effects of Rt and λ on the ductility,ultimate behavior and the energy absorption of the steel tubular piers are small.But effect of the concrete-filled height on position of local buckling in steel tubular piers is large.


AC-impedance spectroscopic studies in the temperature range 550–700 °C are carried out on undoped and Mn doped PZN-PT single crystals grown by the flux method. The variation of dielectric permittivity with temperature at different frequencies shows normal ferroelectric and relaxor-like dependence for the doped and undoped crystals, respectively. Temperature-dependent spectroscopic modulus plots reveal a much broader peak for PZN-4.5PT + 1%Mn compared with that for PZN-4.5PT, which is different from the dielectric behaviour of the doped one. Complex modulus imaginary part (Z″) versus real part (Z′) plots fit well with one semicircle thus indicating only bulk contribution. The relaxation observed in the spectroscopic plots was assigned to mobile relaxor species such as oxygen vacancies and ions. No such relaxation could be observed for PZN-4.5PT + 1%Mn in the dielectric measurements. For both undoped and Mn doped crystals, the conduction behaviour was modelled by the universal dynamic response equation and by the NTC (negative temperature coefficient) materials resistance-temperature behaviour. A large difference in behaviour was found between the two single crystals such as the thermistor coefficients and the activation energy values, which could explain the increase in the thermal stability observed in the Mn doped PZN-PT single crystals by many studies.


An addendum of People with Disabilities (PWDs) worldwide quite worries the World Health Organization in which they are consist of people that incapability of doing their own daily routine without the aid of a third party. The third party may consist of a person or a specific equipment or tools that could aid for their daily mobility. This paper tends to help PWDs with their daily routine by introducing a path planning method that recognize the trajectory of the route by using the Artificial Potential Field Method (APF) that will act as an algorithm in a control system of an Electric Powered Wheelchair (EPW). The EPW will be modelled into the MATLAB and Simulink according to the parameters such as inductance, resistance, and driving torque that is exactly as an actual model. Artificial Potential Field Method (APF) are consist of two main force field, Repulsive Force Field (RFF) and Attractive Force Field (AFF). The Repulsive Force Field (RFF) is designated as obstacle on a path whereas influencing the EPW to navigate away from the obstacle. While the Attractive Force Field (AFF) act as goal or the destination that designated for the EPW in which the EPW will be navigated in a way by approaching towards the AFF. The RFF consists of spacing headway that defines the distance from the obstacle to the EPW and while the limit distance is the maximum distance for the EPW to navigate away from the obstacle before the EPW collides with the obstacle. The strategy is to control the trajectory of the EPW during the obstacle avoidance with yaw angular velocity of the EPW. With spacing headway, limit distance and yaw angular velocity results, the trajectory of the EPW during the obstacle avoidance could be determined.


A distributed multitarget tracking problem is considered. The Joint Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) algorithm has been applied successfully for tracking under the multiple-target and clutter environment. However, it assumes a centralized processing architecture in which all the sensors' measurements are transmitted to a single processor and processed. In many applications, however, a set of local processors are present and each processor processes the local sensors' measurements instead of transmitting them to the central processor. The locally processed results are then interchanged and fused together through the communication network. A distributed version of JPDA algorithm which handles the fusion problem from multiple processors is presented.


The purpose of this study was to determine the credit procedures and policies carried out by PT. Federal International Finance (FIF) Sukabumi Branch. The methodology used in this research is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The data used in this study are primary and secondary data and data collected through observation, interviews and documentation, and literature study data analysis methodology used is analysis before the field and analysis during and after the field by means of data reduction, data display (data presentation ) as well as drawing conclusions and verification.