Temporal dynamics of the magnetic field, parallel current density, parallel electric field and safety factor profiles in the core of a high-temperature reversed-field pinch plasma are experimentally resolved. Measurements are realized using a high-speed polarimeter–interferometer diagnostic which is employed to simultaneously determine the electron density, toroidal current density and poloidal magnetic field profiles. Combined with external magnetic measurements, these data allow determination of the equilibrium profile dynamics during individual sawtooth magnetic relaxation events. At the sawtooth crash, the E∥ profile has a large positive peak on-axis, and a negative peak of slightly smaller value near the reversal surface demonstrating the need for a dynamo to sustain the plasma equilibrium.


New generation of migrant workers as a new force in social labor, its professional ability promotion is not only related to the economic and social development, but also related to the adjustment of industrial structure and the construction of new urbanization. This paper, supported by competence theory, based on relevant investigation data, analyzes the new generation of migrant workers professional ability influence factor, reveals the explicit and implicit characteristics of their job-hunting ability, and associates these characteristics with the new generation of migrant workers professional ability carry on correlation analysis. Based on this, puts forward to promote the new generation of migrant workers employment ability model, to provide guidance for the new generation of migrant workers to improve professional ability and play its own internal potential.


This note describes a technique for adding cast shadows to a solid 3D cursor rendered in a depth-buffer. Such a cursor can be used in a range of 3Dpositioning tasks where lack of depth perception cues is a recurring problem [1, 7, 81. The simplest of these tasks is the basic placement of an object at a position in 3-space. However, the technique described here can be used with essentially any 3D-positioning task that uses a cursor for feedback. In addition, this technique can be combined with other interaction techniques such as 3D snap-dragging [21. Shadows can dramatically enhance depth perception in computer-generated scenes. In addition, shadows can also aid in the perception of spatial relationships in complex scenes. For example, shadows can be particularly useful for positioning tasks where one object must be centered above another or where nonadjacent objects must be positioned with their edges aligned. Unfortunately, using traditional techniques, shadows of a moving object such as a cursor often can not be created fast enough for interactive use (unless limited to the special case of casting shadows on a fixed ground plane [7]). The technique described below allows very fast generation of accurate shadows for a single convex polyhedron moving over an arbitrary 3D scene rendered in a depth-buffer. Figure 1 shows an example of this technique. Here a red cube acts as its own cursor, casting a shadow on a complex scene as it is being positioned.


20 years ago, the monograph of G. Sorina 'Logical and cultural dominant. Essays on the theory and history of psychologism and antipsychologism in culture' was first published (Prometheus, Moscow, 1993). One of the concepts on which the monograph is based, was the notion of 'logical and cultural dominant' (LACD), which the author has used to analyze the different areas of humanitarian culture in terms of identifying their common problems. This notion is reflected contemporary humanities tendency to unite different fields of knowledge and culture instead of isolation and dissociation of those ones. As a concrete example of LACD author registered worlds of psychologism and antipsychologism, largely determined the direction of solving a number of methodological and theoretical problems in logic, linguistics, literary studies, psychology, sociology, political economy, and other humanitarian disciplines. The author traces the dispute between the psychologism and antipsychologism in a broad cultural and historical context, from the XVII century until the present day. Throughout twenty years of being in the culture of both this monograph and the concept presented in it, this idea not just demonstrated its usefulness and relevance to the representatives of the various humanities disciplines, but has itself become an integral element of humanitarian culture. This publication is the journal version of the monograph of 1993, prepared by the author.


Frey proposed the idea of 'disguising' an elliptic curve. This is a method to obtain a 'black box' representation of a group. We adapt this notion to finite fields and tori and study the question of whether such systems are secure. Our main result is an algebraic attack which shows that it is not secure to disguise the torus T2. We also show that some methods for disguising an elliptic curve are not secure. Finally, we present a method to disguise an elliptic curve which seems to resist our algebraic attack.


The special grammatical status of experiencers has been at the center of various studies within linguistics for several decades (Belletti & Rizzi 1988; Ameka 1990; Pesetsky 1995). This attention is due to the fact that there are specific syntactic features that are only associated with experiencers (Landau 2010). This study investigates object experiencers in Sereer-Siin – a dialect of Sereer, a West Atlantic language of the Niger Congo family spoken in Senegal. I show that object experiencers in Sereer can be classified in two groups according to their syntactic behavior. In this study I provide evidence that Sereer experiencers can be used to extend Belletti and Rizzi's traditional classification of experiencers. Using data from Italian, Belletti and Rizzi have classified object experiencers in two groups. The first one they refer to as class II, has a nominative theme and an accusative experiencer whereas the second one, class III, has a nominative theme and a dative experiencer. In Sereer, like in Italian, different properties of object experiencers account for asymmetries noted with respect to constructions like passive, antipassive and nominalization.


We report a case of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), spindle cell variant, which exhibited striking histological pseudovascular clefts and abortive lumina, closely mimicking an angiosarcoma. The patient is a 72‐yr‐old‐man who presented facial rash and a solid nodule in the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) showed bloody background containing loosely groups of fusiform and plasmocytoid cells with coarse chromatin and eosinophilic granular cytoplasms. Microscopically, the tumor exhibited spindle‐cell pattern intermingled with a striking angiosarcoma‐like pattern characterized by the presence of abortive lumen and clefts containing erythrocytes. Dense hyaline extracellular amyloid was present. The tumor cells were strongly positive for cytokeratin, chromogranine‐A, synaptophysine, serotonin, calcitonin, and CEA. TTF‐1 was weakly positive. Stains for CD34 and CD31 were negative. This case illustrates that the spindle cell variant of MTC may exhibit an infrequent angiosarcoma‐like appearance which may be misdiagnosed as angiosarcoma. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:424‐428. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Background:
 We performed a systematic review of acute stroke trials to determine features associated with premature termination of trial enrollment.

 Methods:
 MEDLINE was searched for stroke RCTs between 1/1/2013-6/11/2020. Included studies were Phase 2 or 3, had a preplanned sample size ≥100, had time to treatment within 24 hours of onset for TIA, ischemic stroke, or ICH, and were published in a major clinical journal (BMJ, Circulation, Stroke, Neurology, JAMA, JAMA Neurology, Lancet, Lancet Neurology, NEJM). Studies were deemed prematurely terminated if authors reported early termination. Study variables and inclusion criteria are listed in Table 1. Complex trials required specialized training and expertise, high degree of monitoring, or procedural intervention. Univariate Chi-square tests/Fisher's exact test were used to determine characteristics associated with early termination, and multivariable lasso logistic regression was used to select the most important predictors.

 Results:
 Of 1,219 studies assessed, 69 trials met eligibility criteria for inclusion (Table 1); 34 (49%) were prematurely terminated. In univariate analysis, variables associated with premature termination were complexity of treatment, industry involvement, exclusion of older patients, and presence of a futility stopping rule. In lasso regression, complex treatment trials (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.30-10.97, versus moderate or simple trials combined), presence of a futility rule (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.02-12.40 versus no rule), and geographic region (North America OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.57-6.81 versus all other regions combined) were selected as important factors.

 Conclusion:
 Half of acute stroke trials were terminated prematurely. Broadening inclusion/exclusion criteria and simplifying the complexity of trials may decrease the likelihood of unplanned premature termination, whereas planned futility analyses may appropriately terminate trials early, saving money and resources.


There exist distribution services of geographically-dependent contents to mobile nodes according to their locations. We proposed the "content cruising system (CCS)" (Ishida et al., 2003) to realize the form of a decentralized content-transmission system in real space. The system brings about the mechanism in which contents are transmitted autonomously, by adopting a simple transmission algorithm in P2P wireless ad-hoc communication. Estimated effectiveness of the basic transmission algorithm of CCS has been verified by a simulation with a set of assumed movement patterns of people in real space. However, the simulation is based on the assumption that all nodes may not move frequently making less changes to appear in the topology as we expect. We examined the concerns of the "glued nodes" when CCS is used in conditions where topology changes do not occur frequently.


Modified flax fiber is fine, soft and bulgy, meeting the demand to spin fine-count blended yam. The use of modified flax fiber mixed with spun silk and combed cotton can obtain a new blended yam which makes the flax fabric tend to be of high quality and lightweight and raises its added value. The technology of the blended knitting yam of ultra-fine flax, spun silk and combed cotton is discussed in this paper.


Distributed temperature sensing based on time-correlated two-photon excited fluorescence (TPF) in doped fibre is described. Counter-propagating laser pulses generate a TPF flash at the position of overlap which is scanned along the fibre by a variable relative time delay. The flash is detected and analysed at one end. With the fluorescence power being completely independent of excitation pulse duration and temporal profile, the sensor does not require ultrashort excitation pulses for operation. There is potential for high spatial resolution as the length of the sensed region depends only on pulse duration. TPF is reported in bulk glass doped with rare earths and in doped single-mode fibre. The suitability of fluorescence transitions for sensing is discussed taking into account the temperature dependence of the decay times, the location of the terminating energy level relative to the ground state, and the option of non-degenerate TPF.


Reconstruction of the external auditory canal and conchal bowl after Mohs micrographic surgery is a challenge for the surgeon. The concavity of these structures predispose fulland splitthickness skin grafts to ''tenting'' and failure of the graft to intimately appose to the recipient site. Bolster dressings composed of foam or cotton wrapped in petrolatum gauze are typically used to compress a skin graft into the recipient site and enhance a graft's eventual survival during the wound healing phases of imbibition and neovascularization. Bolster dressings also minimize the likelihood of tenting and hematoma formation beneath a graft, which can compromise its survival.


The United States is grappling with the worst substance abuse epidemic in our country's history. During the past two decades hundreds of thousands of Americans have died from opiate or methamphetamine overdoses, and hospitalizations for addicted adults and newborn children have skyrocketed. Public health officials have emphasized the urgent need to raise awareness and knowledge about mental health and substance use disorders. However, to date only limited information about the impact of substance abuse on the Hispanic/Latino population has been published (Moore & Chau, 2019). In this issue of Hispanic Health Care International (HHCI), several articles address this timely and critically important topic. The 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, reported that an estimated 1.1 million Hispanic/Latino youth had used illicit drugs during the past year. Alarmingly, more than 90% of Hispanic/Latino youth who received health care were not treated in a facility that specializes in addressing substance use disorders. A number of barriers contribute to the exceedingly low number of Hispanics/ Latinos who receive specialty substance disorder treatment. At the forefront of these barriers is the shortage of bilingual mental and substance use disorder treatment programs. In addition, lack of health insurance coverage and fear of engagement with government agencies are other obstacles that prevent Hispanics/Latinos from engaging in vitally important and potentially life-saving mental health and substance use disorder treatment. HHCI is committed to raising awareness about the rising numbers of mental health problems, including suicide, and substance use disorders among Hispanics/Latinos. HHCI initiated a series of brief reports focused on behavioral health in Hispanic/ Latino populations. In this March issue, the journal publishes three research articles that focus on opioid and illicit drug use among Hispanics/Latinos. A secondary analysis study, titled, "Psychosocial Correlates of Early Substance Abuse Associated With Lifetime Hallucinogen Use," reports that one in seven Hispanics had taken hallucinogens. Risk factors for hallucinogen use included male gender; use of alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine before age 21; and binge drinking. In a cross-sectional study titled "Prescription Opioid Use Among Hispanics/Latinos With Arthritis Symptoms," participants living in Illinois, Florida, New York, and California were found to have low opioid use. The article, "You're Gonja Have a Good Time," is one of the few published studies that has focused on blunt (i.e., cannabis) use in the Hispanic population. The authors found significant risk factors for blunt use to be participation in a government assistance program, previous illicit drug use, and changes in appetite. In the third installment of the series of brief reports devoted to mental health in the Hispanic/Latino population, author Francisco Brenes discusses the ironic fact that lack of access to health care has actually protected Hispanics from access to opioid prescriptions and accordingly impact of the opioid epidemic has been blunted in this population. Furthermore, cultural norms and the use of herbal remedies have also served as protective factors. However, these types of protective factors may not hold the same impact with young, acculturated Hispanics/Latinos. I urge you to become engaged and to raise awareness among your patients and colleagues about mental health and substance use disorders in the Hispanic/Latino populations. The articles in this issue of HHCI provide a valuable starting point in this process for clinicians, health researchers, and educators to learn how to address behavioral health issues that are often not discussed among Hispanics/Latinos, such as mental health and substance disorders and suicide. Finally, I invite you to watch the "Barbara Jonas Memorial Lecture on Veteran Suicide Prevention" (Jonas Philanthropies, 2019). This video is well worth 15 minutes of your time. While the lecture is not specific to Hispanics, the important message it provides certainly has implications for all of us who are dedicated to enhancing and protecting health and human life. Mental health is an enormous problem with numbers that are staggering and speak for themselves. According to the National Alliance of Mental Illness, one in five people have experienced a mental health condition in the last 12 months. Please get involved, show your support, advocate and make a difference in the mental health of those you love, your coworkers, and your patients.


Abstract : The initial period (FY02) was spent preparing supporting information for the award, gathering the parts and supplies for the construction of the two calorimetry systems, convening of a kickoff meeting for the project, and restructuring of the proposal to allow University of Ottawa to assume responsibility as the primary Performing Organization. In FY03, a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement was developed and signed between NHRC and Univ. of Ottawa to allow reciprocal support between this MIPR and contract DAMD17-02-2-0063 at the Univ. of Ottawa, a calibration manikin for the calorimetry systems was constructed and provided to Univ. of Ottawa, and the liquid-cooled garment calorimeter was rebuilt at NHRC.


To increase the adhesion strength (wetting ability) of bitumen, and, consequently, reduce the likelihood of premature occurrence of defects formed on asphalt concrete coatings, it is necessary to use various kinds of surfactants that increase the adhesion ability of bitumen. Adhesive additives to road bitumens increase the mobility of the organic binder, help reduce the number of uncoated grains of mineral material, which facilitates the compaction of asphalt concrete mix.

One of the problems of durability of asphalt concrete pavements is the lack of strong adhesion of the bitumen film to the surface of the mineral material. To increase this strength, various adhesive additives are used, which affect not only the adhesive properties of bitumen, but also its physical and chemical properties.

The main task of the work is aimed at solving the issues of the influence of adhesive additives on the physicochemical properties of organic binders used in road construction. The quality assessment of the modified bitumen was carried out according to GOST 22245-90, which, at present, is guided by the selection of the composition of the asphalt concrete mixture.

As a result of the study, effective adhesive additives were identified that contribute to the minimal change in the physicochemical properties of viscous road bitumen and possess thermal stability under prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures. Studies have shown that almost all adhesive additives not only improve the adhesive properties of organic binders to mineral materials, but also can alter and even worsen the physicochemical properties of the original organic binder, which can adversely affect the properties of asphalt concrete. The study used the original bitumen from only one manufacturer and the negative effect of adhesive additives may be due to the incompatible chemical composition of the adhesive additive with the group composition of bitumen and the mineralogical composition of the mineral material.


The purpose of this community service is to increase the knowledge of teachers and parents about the importance of Clean and Healthy Behaviour (PHBS). Clean and healthy behavior is also a set of behaviours practiced by learners, teachers and the school environment community on the basis of awareness so that independently able to prevent disease, improve health, and play an active role in creating a healthy environment. This community service activity is carried out in kindergarten of Aisyiyah 6 and kindergarten of Riadhus Sholihin at Kecamatan Candi Sidoarjo. The Method used in implementing this community service undertaken to solve the existing problems for those partner schools, such as 1) Workshop on integrating the implementation of Clean and Healthy Behaviour (PHBS) in learning activities, 2) parenting activities about healthy food for children. The result of this community service activity is a school regulation which contains about eight indicators of school PHBS implementation, scheduling five supporting activities of school PHBS implementation, and children not snacking haphazardly.


It discloses the use of an adhesive for producing a disposable absorbent article for absorbing liquid such as body fluid. In a temperature range from about 0 to about 130 ℉ ℉ (about -18 ℃ to about 54 ℃) the adhesive represents from about 1 × 10 The use of such an adhesive exhibits a relief visibility to the wearer or user through the external sheet, such as a breathable film for disposable absorbent articles, which results is improved esthetics of the disposable absorbent article.


The robustness of common watermarking is poor when against some geometric attacks such as rotation,scaling,etc.According to this problem,a quantization watermarking method based on scale invariant feature by using ridgelet transform is proposed in this paper.In order to improve the robustness of watermark,the invariant feature local region is constructed by using the scale invariant feature transform,then the direction of the largest energy of ridgelet transform coefficients is selected by taking the ridgelet transform for local region.Finally,the watermark data is embedded into the largest energy coefficients by adopting the quantization index modulation method.Experimental results show that the method has good detection performance and good robustness when against common image processing attacks.


This paper explains the definition and features of the stock-exponential futures, analyzes on the influence of the stock-exponential futures on the stock market, and puts forward the investing direction of the investors under the new trade system.


To listed companies, cash holdings governance is very important and there are many factors may affect cash holdings, like financial leverage, debt structure, enterprise scale and so on. So in this paper, through the establishment of models and using regression analysis method, we analyze their relationship with cash holdings.


Nine new Daphniphyllum alkaloids (1–9) and 16 biosynthetically related known ones were obtained during the phytochemical investigation into a Nepalese plant, Daphniphyllum himalense. Structures were assigned to these compounds based on careful spectroscopic interpretation and NMR comparison with literature data. Deuteration of H2-16 in CD3OD due to quick keto-enol tautomerization was observed for both 2 and 3. The recently reported 3β-hydroxydaphniyunnine A was re-examined and its structure was revised to be 21-deoxymacropodumine D via X-ray diffraction analysis. All the isolates were screened preliminarily for their in vitro inhibitory effects against four kinases, PTP1B, aurora A, HDAC6 and IKK-β, and selective alkaloids exhibited weak activities at 20 μg mL−1.


' that the dominant image in the history of European civilization has been that of a crucifixion ', unless it is conceded that that (redemptive !) image is the peculiarly Christian interpretation of a theodicy shared by Judaism and Islam. Again, ' the orthodox view that there is no infection' (p. 119) is part of a kalam discussion on the nature of causality, and can surely coexist with the empirical observation of bacteriological transmission. As for the ' abandonment of religious rites' (p. 253), I should have thought those mass burials in Alexandria (p. 229) were some evidence of that. The author is, of course, aware of the nature of his Arabic documentation (p. 298): the product of an intellectual/religious/social/administrative elite, whose collective views on the incidence of plague will hardly reflect those of the man in the street. On the other hand, the section (pp. 121-42) on magic and superstition describes some fairly basic apotropaic practices. But these observations are perhaps not quite central to the author's purpose, which is analysis of the demographic factor in the political, social, and economic decline of Egypt and Syria in the eighth/fourteenth and ninth/ fifteenth centuries. Of the decline we have been aware for some time; of the effect in that decline of a steadily decreasing population this study provides remarkable evidence (pp. 143-235). From a statistical point of view, the data are admittedly refractory: to estimate a decline of c. 30-40 per cent in a population (Egypt) ranging from 4£ to 8 millions can only be an approximation. But taken together with the other evidence, e.g. industrial output, commercial turnover, cost of living, the demographic conclusions set out here make sense. This is a well-written and very nicely organized study, of inestimable benefit to every student of the medieval Mediterranean world. One point about the nature of the source materials deserves emphasis: with regard to the initial Muslim response to plague, the author writes (p. 13) that ' It is exactly this reliance on tradition that is so characteristic of medieval Islamic society and religion'. That the literary production (!) of that society should reflect traditional expressions (if not traditional responses !) is interestingly substantiated in E. Sivan's L'Islam et la Croisade (Paris, 1968) where it is shown that the Muslim ' controverse theologique ' with the Frankish invader drew exclusively upon polemical topoi formulated centuries earlier in dispute with Oriental and Greek Christianity.


Hydrogen radicals produced by a dc plasma cell have been used for cleaning II–VI semiconductor substrates for molecular beam epitaxy. Surface and chemical analysis experiments, including scanning tunneling microscopy, show a clear improvement of the chemical purity and morphology of the surface prior and after epitaxial growth.


T HE national parks of Brazil offer the geographer two main avenues of investigation: a study of outstanding natural areas and a study of park management and recreational development in the tropics. These are areas of Brazil in which the original landscape has been little changed by man's occupance, in contrast with their surroundings. The physical and biotic elements in these tropical areas show magnificent variety. Problems connected with the management of national parks of Brazil as recreational resources relate to broad land-use patterns in regions of various stages of development.


The reliability of electrical power transmission and distribution systems depends on progress in the coordination of insulation, which depends, among other things, on increasing the ability to identify risks of overvoltages in insulation systems. The purpose of the paper is to present the problems related to the overvoltages of the power system caused by lightning. The article analyses two possible scenarios of sources of these disturbance: shielding failure and backflashover phenomena. The first case concerns the situation when, despite the ground wires used, it is possible to discharge into the phase conductor. The second case concerns the situation of loss of electrical strength of the insulation system used. The aim of the paper is to analyze the possibility of damage to station equipment as a result of lightning to the elements of the overhead line supplying the 110 kV/MV station. For this purpose, overvoltages levels in 110 kV substation will be determined for characteristic peak values of lightning currents: Imax and Imin - respectively for scenario of shielding failure and backflashover phenomena. Between the Imax and Imin values, we assume lightning protection (lightning strikes to ground wire). The calculations were carried out on a selected fragment of the real 110 kV power system. The simulations were performed using The Electromagnetic Transients Program - Alternative Transients Program (EMTP-ATP) and Matlab.


Superstitious actions and belief in luck should, hypothetically, have no causal relationship to the actual outcomes of events. However, many individuals still develop and observe superstitions to potentially increase the likelihood that events turn out in their favor (Abbott & Sherratt, 2011). Prior research has shown that individuals with superstitious tendencies tend to have better performance results (Damisch, Stoberock, & Mussweiler, 2010). The present study examines the differences between sources of felt luck, which are broken down into two categories: internal and external. Internal sources of luck are beliefs or actions that exist within the individual; for example, an individual's belief that wearing a shirt would bring them luck. External sources of felt luck are activated from an outside source; for example, someone wishing an individual "good luck." In this study, 60 participants were randomly assigned to a luck group (internal, external, or control). Participants completed the Belief in Good Luck Scale which measures an individual's belief in luck, combined with a personality test, and played a game of miniature golf, during which luck was manipulated based on the group participants were in. The control group made an average of M =1.8 putts, the internal group made an average of M =3.4 putts, and the external group made an average of M =3.3 putts. This study established that participants in luck not superior to another.


296 Australian Regular Army soldiers, whose current term of service was due to expire within 2 months, completed a questionnaire shown to measure overall satisfaction with Army life. Results were analysed in relation to assessed re-engagement intention. It was found that although there was a positive relationship of satisfaction to re-engagement intention, the proportion of dissatisfied soldiers intending discharge was greater than the proportion of satisfied soldiers intending re-engagement. A replication, 8 months later, with a sample of 418, produced similar results, although some shrinkage occurred in the relationships of satisfaction to actual subsequent re-engagement. An explanation of the findings is offered in terms of the attractiveness of alternative employment.


A new synthesis of substituted [1]benzopyrano[3,4-d]imidazol-4(3H)-ones, starting from 3-nitrocoumarin N-functionalized amidines 3, has been developed. When the 3-nitro-amidines 3 were treated with NaBH4 in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal, 2-substituted [1]benzopyrano[3,4-d]imidazol-4(3H)-ones 4 were produced. Structure elucidation of compounds 4 revealed that they exist as one of the three possible tautomeric structures (i.e., 4dα). Alkylation of 4d to give 6, as well as NOE experiments on 6 and energy calculations allowed the most favoured structure of the 4 derivatives to be identified. Alternatively, the reduction of the 3-nitro-amidines 3 by triethyl phosphite, through a nitrene intermediate, cyclization and a [1.5] sigmatropic shift, yielded 2-morpholino-3-alkyl-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-d]imidazol-4(3H)-ones 7. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


Repaglinide is a new, short‐acting, insulin‐releasing agent recently approved for the monotherapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and in combination with metformin in patients failing repaglinide or metformin monotherapy. Repaglinide appears to trigger insulin release by regulating adenosine triphosphate‐sensitive potassium channels on the surface of pancreatic β cells, which in turn affect calcium influx, the principal mediator of insulin release. Repaglinide mainly affects postprandial plasma glucose concentrations. It reduces glycosylated hemoglobin concentrations by 1–2% U. The agent's short duration of action may lessen the risk of long‐lasting hypoglycemia and of down‐regulation of β cell sensitivity (the latter promoting secondary drug failure), although data are sparse in this regard. Its major adverse effect is hypoglycemia. Its role in the therapy of type 2 diabetes is unclear at present, vis‐a‐vis its use instead of or in combination with other antidiabetic agents other than metformin. The need for multiple daily doses, based on its brief duration of action, may be a barrier to compliance.


This study is an attempt to discover the effect of applying Guided Writing Strategy on students achievement in writing descriptive text. It was conducted by using experimental research design. The Population of this research was the tenth (X) grade students of SMAN 11 Medan which has eight parallel classes. The samples of this research were taken by through lottery. They were class X IPA 3 became the experimental group and class X IPA 4 became the control group. The experimental group was taught by using Guided Writing Strategy while the control group without treatment. The instrument for collecting the data was writing test. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The result shows that the value of t�-observed is higher than the value of t-table. (5.57 > 1.67 (α = 0.05)) with the degree of freedom (df) = 70. It means that there is a significant effect of applying Guided Writing Strategy on students achievement in writing descriptive text. So, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.


Let ( ) δ α , G denote the class of function f , ( ) ( ) 0 1 0 0 = − ′ = f f for which ( ) { } δ α > ′ z f e Re in { } 1 : cos . We obtain sharp results related to its radius of convexity when h and δ are also negative. Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45, 30C55


The postharvest losses of papaya fruits are important concerns during storage, shipping and marketing; the causes of these postharvest losses include microbial infestation, temperature, inappropriate handling and other factors. Which can be decreased by using edible coatings that have enhanced quality and have a longer shelf life. The effects of three different coating materials-aloe vera gel, ascorbic acid and chitosan on the shelf life and qualitative parameters of papaya fruits that were maintained at room temperature for a period of 15 days were investigated. When compared to fruits that have not been coated, fruits that have been coated with aloe vera gel, ascorbic acid and chitosan retain the original values for all of the qualitative parameters, including total soluble solids (9.9), titratable acidity (0.670 %), ascorbic acid (67.125 100 g/mg), TSS: acid ratio (23.116 percent), total sugar (0.119 %), reducing sugar (24.570 %) and non-reducing. According to the findings of this investigation, the combination of aloe vera gel (50%), chitosan (1%) and ascorbic acid (1%) has the potential to lengthen the shelf life of papaya fruits while maintaining their nutritional qualities, which is significant for the purposes of commercial storage, transportation and sales.


Red rice (O ryza Glaberrima Steud ) is source of carbohydrates. The components of red rice (O ryza Glaberrima Steud ) are vitamin E, thiamin, magnesium, vitamin B6, minerals and fiber. Red rice, besides having many nutrients, is also beneficial for skin care. The purpose of this study was to make lotion preparations from thick red rice extract ( Oryza Glaberrima Steud ) by maceration method. The method used is maceration. The yield of thick red rice extract is 5%. Variations used were variations in stearic acid, 1.5%, 3% and 4.5% and triethanolamine, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.5%. Other ingredients used as lotion makers are 1% glycerin, 0.1% methyl paraben and as much volume as aquadest lotion. The volume of lotion made is 50 ml. The test of lotions is organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, irritation, dispersion, adhesion and type of emulsion. The results showed that the lotion smelled distinctive, had a bitter taste and was creamy/ brownish white. Lotion has a pH of 6, dispersion and adhesion according to the requirements, homogeneous lotion, preparations made do not show any irritation, and are all types of emulsion o/w. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that brown rice can be used as a raw material for lotions.


Alloimmunization to red cell antigens and haemolytic transfusion reactions may occur after red blood cell transfusion. We describe a case of life threatening postransfusion hyperhaemolysis in a beta thalassaemia patient. For many years, transfusion therapy was stopped but the patient developed a profound anaemia which required splenectomy. At that time, the serum contained a red cell alloantibody with anti-KN3 specificity. In vivo red cell survival studies were performed trying to determine the capacity of this antibody to cause red cell destruction. Unfortunately, these studies triggered again an intense haemolytic process explained by the appearance of red cell auto- and alloantibodies. This case underlines a possible link between the development of alloimmunization and the induction of potentially serious autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.


Intensive striped catfish farming has resulted in various health difficulties for the species and significant financial losses for farmers due to fish losses and high treatment costs for veterinary pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics. As such, these drugs are increasing the strain of drug-resistance pathogenic microbes and residual effect on fish muscles. Also, the larval survival of striped catfish is meager compared to other species. Diseases like Edwardsiellosis are prevalent in striped catfish, causing high mortality, which probiotics can reduce. Probiotics are live microbes added in feed or in water that can modify the host-associated microbial community. Probiotics reach the gut of fish where they proliferate and either compete for the nutrients, act as a bactericide, or barrier against the growth of opportunistic bacteria. Probiotics promote the growth and survival of striped catfish larvae and other fish species by stimulating fish's non-specific or innate immune system and better feed utilization. As a result, striped catfish farmers should be encouraged to use probiotics, and researchers should conduct more research on this topic.


Academic engagement and the conditions that favor it have become relevant in recent decades due to their relationship with academic performance, well-being, and university permanence. Variables such as perceived social support and sense of belonging are relevant aspects of social integration to promote engagement. Evidence shows both variables predicting engagement. In addition, the available evidence suggests this possible mediating role, which requires further analysis in freshmen in the emergency teaching context due to the COVID-19. The present study aims to evaluate the mediating role of sense of belonging in the relationship between perceived social support and engagement in university students. Results showed significant predictive relationships between social integration variables and engagement and showed the mediating role of sense of belonging in the relation between perceived social support and the three types of engagement. These results suggest the relevance for degree programs to consider these social integration variables as a key element for university freshmen.


The small number of medications approved for the treatment of alcoholism is, by itself, an important justification for the significant efforts directed towards medication development. Perhaps an even more important issue is why a medication (approved or used off-label) does not always reproduce the same results across randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Indeed, even clinical trials that find effects report that there are both treatment responders and non-responders, and the ability to identify responders and non-responders could help explain variation across clinical trials. This variation forms the foundation of 'personalized medicine' approaches, and highlights the need to identify patient sub-types that respond better to a certain medication.

Although typologies (Leggio et al., 2009) provide phenotypic traits that may be applied in RCTs, pharmacogenetics (Heilig et al., 2011) represents an even more compelling approach, as it is more reproducible, biologically-based and mechanistic.

Although in its infancy, the alcoholism pharmacotherapy literature has already shown the potential value of pharmacogenetics as a way to develop personalized medicine. The functional OPRM1 polymorphism A118G plays an important role in the effects of naltrexone on alcohol consumption, with G-allele carriers responding more positively to treatment than A-allele homozygotes (Oslin et al., 2003; Anton et al., 2008; Barr et al., 2010; Kranzler et al., 2013). A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4 , known as 5-HTTLPR, results in a long (L) and a short (S) allele. Alcoholic patients who were L homozygotes had significant reductions in alcohol use when treated with ondansetron, as compared to S carriers (Kenna et al., 2009b, 2014; Johnson et al., 2011, 2013). It has also been shown that the tri-allelic 5-HTTLPR polymorphism moderated the effects of sertraline and age at onset of alcohol dependence on the frequency of drinking and heavy drinking …


For an industry to develop successfully, one of the most important factors is to have sufficient and high quality human resources. Digital archives industry will be one of the major industries in Taiwan. We need sufficient human resources in different areas, therefore the job categories, job descriptions, and core technologies of these human resources shall be closely tightened to the need of digital content industry in different development stages. The purpose of this study is to investigate the present status and issues of human resource development of the digital archives industry. It then will study the planning of learning map of the digital archives industry to serve as guideline for Digital Content Institute, educational training and enterprise personnel recruitment. To achieve the above objectives, the method of depth interview is used in this study. We also try to design modular training courses for human resource development of the digital archives industry.


Recent data collections in video and signals collection such as Electro-optical/Infrared video, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and Hyperspectral (HSI) data afford persistent surveillance. As the rate of the imagery (or other products such as 3D terrain modeling) becomes available, there is a greater need for data exploitation to support and augment user needs for situational awareness. The presentation will focus on (a) emerging technologies, (b) tools and processing needs for the user, and (c) developments for persistent surveillance performance analysis. Standard methods of image processing and imagery collection have been accelerated based on the availability of emerging products such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology, traffic monitoring systems, and security products. Each of these systems require coordination over varying resolutions, distributed networks, and graphical interfaces. The sensor coordination in the system network enables surveillance over persistent coverage. Persistent surveillance implies that the information processed is to report the results to a user. Surveillance systems can report situational awareness results of target tracks and identifications, anomalies, and target behaviors. Focus should be placed not only on the processing, but include an interactive user to control the collections, determine priorities for the video processing, and support exploration analysis. Image processing, especially video, requires novel techniques to direct collections, process varying targets in complicated terrains, and efforts to evaluate the success. Evaluation includes assessing the performance over varying operation conditions (i.e. sensors, targets, and environments) to include obscurations, compression, and non-continuous data streams. Persistent surveillance coverage requires new techniques in image exploitation to include: (1) fusion with signals and database intelligence, (2) contextual modeling, and (3) tools for user interactive analysis. BIOGRAPHY


In this paper,we present a mechanism that uses the concepts of genetic algorithms forelectoral districting. Principles of genetic algorithms are adopted in findingthe better districting solutions. The geometric information as well as theattribute data provided through the geographic information systems are used inselection, crossover, or mutation emulations. We also design variousquantitative measurements to evaluation the performance (fitness) of ourmechanism. We have applied this mechanism to CEC's result of Taipei City andthe results show that our mechanism works.


This thesis introduces advantages and disadvantages of radiant floor heating system commonly applied in current domestic building heating,and compares radiant floor heating means to traditional radiator heating means.Furthermore,it draws a conclusion that: radiant floor heating means is prior to radiator heating means.


Organic chemistry students and bench chemists alike rely on the Grignard reaction, a relatively simple way to make carbon-carbon bonds. But even though the reaction was first described 120 years ago, chemists have only now uncovered the details of its complex mechanism (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11829) In a Grignard reaction, a carbon-bonded magnesium halide adds to a carbonyl group to form an alcohol. Textbook explanations describe the reaction's mechanism as a nucleophilic addition or mention a possible radical mechanism. Odile Eisenstein of the University of Oslo and the University of Montpellier has dreamed of fleshing out the reaction in more detail with a computational simulation since she was a PhD student in the 1970s. When she and Oslo colleague Michele Cascella started talking about Cascella's work—modeling solvents more accurately using molecular dynamics—the two realized they might be able to make Eisenstein's dream reality. They were right. They


Accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) of power battery is vital for electric vehicles. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is well accepted to estimate SOC, but it is largely affected by measurement noise and the covariance is easy to appear morbidity during the recursive process. This paper proposes a modified covariance Extended Kalman Filter (MVEKF) algorithm, which recalculates the covariance with the modified estimation and updates the process gain. The new covariance is used for the next state estimation. Through pulse discharge and dynamic stress test (DST), the results show that the MVEKF is more accurate and tend to be stable faster compared with the EKF. Healthy covariances reduce operational error, so the MVEKF can improve estimation of SOC.


Basedon the directed acyclic graph structure of gene ontology,this paper proposes a novel method to measure the semantic similarity of gene ontology terms.By calculating the common ancestors of two terms and the disjunctive ancestors according with the condition,the average information content of disjunctive ancestors and the average information content of the two terms are obtained.The semantic similarity of two terms is the ratio of the average information content of disjunctive ancestors to the average information content of two terms.Experimental results show that the method has high accuracy.


The theoretical expression which relates the total strength of a vibration–rotation band of a tetrahedral or octahedral molecule to an individual line strength and to an appropriate transition electric‐dipole moment is re‐examined. Values of these transition moments are inferred from experimental band and line strengths. For the few molecules where direct comparisons can be made, the agreement between the values of transition moments obtained by the two methods is satisfactory. Remarkable systematics in the results are found for a variety of spherical‐top molecules, which suggests that transition electric‐dipole moments may be transferable from molecule to molecule for similar vibrations.


With a development of over a century, the U. S National Park has established a relatively complete management system. From aspects of management system and principle, the essay mainly discusses the enlightenment to China, developing its own similar tourism resources from the U. S National Park. Besides, the author puts forward some programmes and measures for reference on the basis of above discussion.


When concrete is produced, certain batches are accepted or rejected due to conformity control, resulting in a so-called filter effect characterized by an increase of the expected value and a decrease of the variance of the material property under consideration. As a consequence, conformity control influences the distribution of the parameters of the material strength distribution, resulting in a filter effect on the uncertain reliability index. Thus, conformity control can be used as a variance reduction technique with respect to the distribution of the reliability index. An approximate method is presented in order to quantify the filter effect of conformity control with respect to the standard deviation of the reliability index distribution and with respect to the predictive reliability index. Finally, the variance reducing capacity of the conformity criteria in the European Standard EN 206-1 is calculated and the effect on the predictive reliability index is quantified, taking into account different concrete classes.


HS1179, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by Jonathan H. Crane and Jason A. Smith, provides homeowners with an update on redbay ambrosia beetle-laurel wilt disease in Florida, how the beetle and pathogen are spread, symptoms of infestations, and recommendations for homeowners. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, May 2010.


What happens to the planetary systems at the end of the stellar evolution is largely unknown. To date, not a single planet has been identified orbiting a (single) white dwarf (WD). Nevertheless, in the last two decades accumulating evidence has shown that the excess of metals that we see in the atmosphere of 30-40% of so called "polluted white dwarfs" is due to asteroid tidal disruption. The ongoing tidal disruption of a planetesimal has been watched live for the first time by K2 in WD1145+017. In contrast to observations of planets transiting main-sequence (MS) stars, which provide only mean densities (from mass and radius measurements) and some insight into the composition of their atmospheres, the study of debris-polluted WDs has already revealed that the bulk compositions of exo-planetary bodies resembles those found in the solar system, including evidence for water-rich planetesimals. The fact that Kepler/K2, observing in total about 500 white dwarfs, has found only one case of (irregular) transits tells us that WD transits are rare. TESS and PLATO, targeting bright stars, will not improve the situation much observing about 1000 and a few thousands WDs at maximum, respectively. Much larger statistics can be obtained only with LSST, allowing – for the 1st time – to study WD transits and start understanding what happens to >95% of planetary systems (all those with a MS stellar mass below 8-10 M ), when the host star evolves beyond the red giant phase, until it becomes a white dwarf.


There are different objects and motives between scientists and engineers. Science is to create new knowledge(episteme), while technology(techne)is to create new utility. Both types of social responsibility are required for engineer, because modern technology is tightly connected with science. The relationship between ethics for scientists and engineers is discussed as an evolu-tion of ethical objects. A short history of engineering societies in U.S.A. and Japan are introduced with their ethical perspectives. As a conclusion, respect for fundamental rights for existence of those who stand in, with, and around engineers and their societies is needed for better engineering ethics.


Piezoelectric materials can be used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. In this study, we investigated the possibility of harvesting from mechanical vibration force using a high efficient piezoelectric material-polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). A piezoelectric energy harvesting system consists of rectifier, filter capacitor, resistance. The experiments were carried out with impacting force to PVDF film with the thickness of 1 ㎛. The output power was measured with change in the load resistance value from 100 Ω to 2.2 MΩ. The highest power was obtained under optimization by selection of suitable resistive load and capacitance. A power of 0.3082 μW/mm2 was generated at the external vibration force of 5 N (10 Hz) across a 1 MΩ optimal resistor. Also, the maximum power of 0.345 μW/mm2 was generated at 22 μF and 1 MΩ. The developed system was expected at a solution to overcome the critical problem of making up small size energy harvester.


A weak signal detection system based on the cross-correlation detection technology is designed and implemented to solve the problem that the pressure sensor output signal is weak and usually mixes with noise and interference. Transformer pressure sensor is used as the pressure signal detection device. Generated by the monolithic integration function signal generator ICL8038,and amplified by the power amplifier TDA7294,the sine wave signal is used as the modulation signal of the sensor signal and the demodulated reference signal of cross-correlation detection. The balanced modulator / demodulator AD630 is used to build the lock-in amplifier. After being amplified,filtered and rectified,a DC signal is obtained. Simulations and experiments show that the system has an ideal effect on the detection of weak signal,and is suitable for the detection of weak signals mixed with strong background noise.


The main objective of this research project is to analyze the way in which the adolescents in the third year of the Baccalaureate accounting of the Educational Unit "Enrique Ponce Luque" use the social network Facebook as an alternative means of communication, with the purpose of orienting the students not to commit improper acts on the internet. For the execution of the project an empirical and descriptive methodology was proposed, the deductive, inductive and analytical method was used. We used research techniques such as the interview and survey, through the latter it was possible to know statistical data with which the problem could be established; with respect to how they are using the social network Facebook as an alternative means of communication.

 Based on the results obtained statistically, it was possible to analyze a proposed solution, which consists in finding the appropriate use of the social network Facebook, guiding the students and indicate the dangers that may exist in it and that way students use moderately social networks.

 The study methods that will be used allowed us to establish the relationship of the variables in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hypothesis raised. In this way it was possible to conclude that the social network Facebook as an alternative means of communication in adolescents has a great influence in them, the most important is to guide them and so they can analyze social networks, as their advantages and disadvantages, so that it is useful or if they can take advantage of it, to be able to carry out some research for their tasks and contribute for the good of our society.


With the entry into force of the Civil Code of the PRC (2021), China accomplished the codification of its civil law wholly. The beginning of this codification endeavor is actually marked by the first civil code in the entire Chinese legal history, the Civil Code Draft of the Qing-Dynasty (German abbr.: ZGE), inspired by the German BGB and launched during the late imperial time (1911). Based on the worldwide first German and thus first foreign language translation of the entire ZGE as well as its first German commentary by both the ZGE-legislator and the author, the present book makes a legal-historical, legal-cultural, legal-comparative and legal-dogmatic analysis of the ZGE and presents it comprehensively to the German-speaking jurists, researchers in forensic-linguistics, legal translation and Chinese legal culture all around the world.


LANDSLIDE PHENOMENA IN BRZEG UPON THE ODRA RIVER

Summary
The paper presents the results of study on landslide phenomena active in Brzeg upon Odra, which forms a part of physiographic-geotechnical research project for building industry. The escarpment of Odra river. (Fig. 1) is built of Tertiary clays and Quaternary sands and fluvial gravels variable in thickness. It is shown that although the landslides from Brzeg upon Odra are difficult to trace, particularly in early phases of their development, they may result in serious potential hazard for buildings.


Eight species and one subspecies of Simuliidae are now known from Queensland, five of which are new. The life-histories of eight are recorded in this paper.


Treatment response trajectories were identified in 996 patients with low back pain (LBP) visiting multidisciplinary spine care. Six disability and six LBP impact trajectories were identified, with most patients experiencing stable levels of functioning. Baseline patient characteristics were not associated with (un)favorable outcome during 2-year follow-up.


The available experimental data on the specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, valence, NMR Knight shift and relaxation rate, and the quadrupolar moment of YbPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2} are examined within the framework of the single-ion Anderson model. Such an analysis has previously given excellent agreement between theory and experiment for numerous other light heavy-fermion compounds, where crystalline fields do not play a dominant role. For YbPd{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, substantial crystalline-field splittings make difficult a quantitative comparison with existing exact solutions of the Anderson model. Inconsistencies with the interpretation that a nearly degenerate ground quadruplet determines the low-temperature thermodynamics are pointed out. It is concluded that at least three of the four Kramers doublets participate in the low-{ital T} properties. These three doublets should have a splitting of the order of the Kondo temperature, i.e., about 100 K. A simple resonant-level model parametrizing the NMR relaxation rate at low {ital T} is presented. Finally, hydrostatic-pressure experiments are suggested to study the nature of the faint, ordered phase at very low temperatures.


The importance of corporate brand reputation has, in recent years, been recognised by scholars and practitioners alike (Brammer & Pavelin, 2006; Deephouse & Carter, 2005; Fombrun & Van Riel, 2004). A positive reputation can create competitive advantage and superior brand performance, thereby placing the management of this intangible resource in line with operational, legal and financial duties of managers (Carter, 2006; Gardberg & Fombrun, 2006; Jones et al., 2000; Ravasi & Schultz, 2006; Walsh et al., 2009). However, despite its widely acknowledged importance, and despite the fact that customers are a vital stakeholder group, there has been little systematic research investigating corporate brand reputation through the lens of customers, let alone individual differences among customers. In this article we examine the moderating impact of deeply-held individual beliefs, known as social axioms, on the development of corporate brand reputation from a customer perspective. Building on a conceptual model derived from literature, we investigate two dimensions of importance to customers - reputation for product/service quality and reputation for social responsibility (Gardberg & Fombrun, 2006; McWilliams et al., 2006; Sen & Bhattacharya, 2001). We link them to antecedents associated with customer experiences as well as to outcomes related to customer attitudes and behaviour intentions (Hillenbrand, 2011; Walsh et al. 2009). We also build on theoretical advances in the study of individual differences and social axioms (Kwantes & Karam, 2009; Leung et al., 2002; Zhou et al., 2009), to examine individual axiomatic beliefs about the world as moderators of perceptions and outcomes of corporate brand reputation. We test the impact of two dimensions found within Leung et al.'s (2002) social axioms construct, identified as social cynicism and religiosity, on several driver and outcome variables.


Network security consists of the policies adopted to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources. Network security involves the authorization of access to data in a network, which is controlled by the network administrator. Users choose or are assigned an ID and password or other authenticating information that allows them access to information and programs within their authority. Network security is complex and challenging problem in today's world. Despite of many sophisticated techniques, attack on the network continues to increase. At present, in order to hide the identity of the attacker, attackers send their attack through a chain of compromised hosts that are used as "stepping stones". In this paper we present an approach to find the connection chain of an intruder for tracing back to the origin especially if the attack through the traffic is encrypted one. Our approach will based on analyzing correlations of encrypted connection between number of packets sent in outgoing connections and that of the incoming packets in the connection. We proposed a correlation scheme based on watermarking which will be robust against timing perturbation. This approach yields effective better results in terms of number of packets than in existing passive timing based correlation. This paper presents a new method of embedding a watermark in traffic flow. Here for the purpose of embedding the watermark, the packet timing is adjusted for specific intervals. By slightly changing the packet timing, we achieve robust correlation of encrypted network against random timing perturbation.


The invention discloses a copper-aluminum composite stepped cooling fin, which comprises a cooling fin main body and is characterized in that the cooling fin main body is composed of a copper cooling substrate and an aluminum auxiliary cooling fin, wherein the cooling substrate is formed by connecting a fixed face, an extending face and a connecting face, the fixed face and the extending face are connected through the connecting face to form a step shape, the auxiliary cooling fin is the same as the cooling substrate in shape and is superposed onto the cooling substrate, and screw holes for fixing electronic components are arranged at corresponding positions of the fixed face of the cooling substrate and the auxiliary cooling fin. The copper-aluminum composite stepped cooling fin disclosed by the invention is mainly used for auxiliary cooling for a circuit board, integrates the heat conducting advantage of a copper material and the cost advantages of an aluminum material, and has the advantages of enlarged cooling area, simple structure, strong adaptability and good cooling effect, and the stepped characteristic of the cooling fin main body is utilized to keep away from peripheral electronic components on the circuit board.


Laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM) in all its variations is now being established as a technique for manufacturing components from various material types and alloys [...].


MNDO and PM3 SCF-MO calculations predict that in common with Li+, larger ions such as Tl+, Pb+ or NH4+ are predicted to preferentially bind to the convex surface of 1 and hence are unlikely to encapsulate in any dimerisation reaction. The calculated molecular electrostatic potential of 1 also reveals the convex face to be the better electron donor. Concave binding is predicted at the MNDO level for Na+ and K+ and the PM3 level for Ga+, but these results may be influenced by errors for these metals resulting in excessive stabilisation to π-faces. Ab initio calculations at the MP2/ECP-LAN1LDZ level predict that Ga+ has the highest binding energy of all these metals to benzene, and may constitute the best candidate for synthetic efforts.


Law No 32 Year 2004 about Local Government offers local government wide authority to manage and regulate their citizens' interests and aspiration. Correspondingly, local government with local representatives formulates local regulations (Perda). In terms of the type and level as pointed out in the Law No 10 Year 2004 regarding Regulation Formulation, Perda represents the lowest level law. Therefore, Perda holds more afflictions than any other laws in the sense that it has to be in accordance with the higher level laws. This condition often causes unexpected snags in the local autonomy implementation. Up to a certain degree, disharmony with the higher level laws is unavoidable due to conflicts of interest. With regard to local regulation annulations, Law No 32 Year 2004 Article 145 verse 3 states that local regulation annulation is regulated by Presidential Regulation (Perpres). In practice, local regulations are annulled by Internal Affair Ministerial Regulation (Permendagri). Substantial inconsistency between Perda and the central government regulation as well as the regulation examination incongruous with the Law No 32 Year 2004 Article 145 verse 3 instigates ambiguity which should be eliminated in order that local autonomy performs properly.


** Special not ice : B ecaus e t he un ivers i t y w i l l be c los ed on Tues day, January 7, t he offic ial t alk has been cance l led. H owever, Dr. Nabl i has al ready arr ived in Columbus , s o ins t ead we wi l l be holding an in formal d is cus s ion wi t h h im at 3 :30 p.m . in Room 120 of t he Mers hon Cen t er. Anyone who can come is inv i t ed t o at t end. Dr. Nabl i w i l l make s ome in t roduct ory remarks abou t t he pos s ib i l i t ies of rev i t al i z ing t he economies of t he M iddle Eas t and next s t eps . **


This study characterized three local dye effluents from major tie and dye industries at Asero, Itoku, and Kemta in Ogun State, Nigeria, and evaluated their effect on growth and heavy metal accumulation in pot-grown amaranth. The effluents were diluted with water at 0%, 25%, 50%, and 100% and replicated three times. Physicochemical properties and heavy metal content of effluent dilutions were analyzed. Results indicated that irrespective of the source, effluents, and dilutions, effluent properties exceeded permissible limits by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization/Federal Environmental Protection Agency for irrigation. The SO42−, PO43−, NO3−, Fe, and Cr contents of effluent dilutions were higher than the maximum limits recommended. The order of toxicity of dye effluents was Asero > Itoku > Kemta. Effluent concentrations at 50% and 100% damaged amaranth root hairs, caused the death of some amaranth, significantly reduced number of leaves, height, fresh and dry root, and shoot weight, but increased stem girth and heavy metal accumulation in plant parts. Mg, Cu, and Zn were more concentrated in the shoots. Due to the high metal content, consumption of this vegetable poses a potential health risk. Strict law enforcement against the use of the effluent for irrigation should be made to prevent environmental hazard.


Although we have treated type 1 diabetes (T1DM) with insulin for more than 100 years, it has been apparent since the discovery of insulitis in the 1960s and islet cell antibodies in 1974 that T1DM is fundamentally an autoimmune disease, not a metabolic disease.1 Almost all other autoimmune diseases, from inflammatory bowel disease to rheumatoid arthritis, are treated with immunotherapy but not T1DM. In large part this is because of the discovery of insulin: unlike most other autoimmune diseases, a replacement therapy exists for T1DM. As a result, the discovery of insulin can be viewed as both a blessing and a curse. It is a "curse" because most of the major drug companies have developed their large immunotherapy portfolios of drugs for autoimmune diseases other than T1DM, including some such as psoriasis or alopecia areata that might be considered less life-threatening. And it is likely that diabetes practitioners are also partly to blame since they fear immunotherapy since it is a treatment with which they are not familiar. It is important to remind ourselves of the challenges of insulin therapy. It is not a drug without risk: deaths still occur from underdosage (DKA) and overdosage (hypoglycaemia). According to ONS data, in 2021 in England and Wales, 44 people under the age of 50 died of DKA and 154 died of hypoglycaemia.2 Set against this, even despite the introduction of CGM and insulin pumps, fewer than 30% of adults and children with diabetes achieve a target HbA1c < 7.0%, or 53 mmol/mol which obviates the risks of longterm complications.3 Furthermore, insulin management consumes millions of hours of patients and healthcare professional time in training, adjustments, testing and decision-making. Despite this, 36% of children and families continue to need psychological support more than five years after diagnosis (NPDA national audit 2018-2019,3 and up to 50% of adults with T1DM report significant diabetes-related distress. 4 There is a large and expanding world of highly selective immunotherapies that does not include the classic immunosuppressents (e.g. cyclosporin, tacrolimus) used in transplantation. Rather, it includes many drugs known as "biologics" that have been widely used and have been very well tolerated in other autoimmune diseases for more than 20 years. Many are monoclonal antibodies, but small molecule inhibitors such as JAK kinase inhibitors are being introduced.5 At least seven selective immunotherapies have shown efficacy in Phase 2 studies in preserving beta cell function from diagnosis compared to controls.6,7 These treatments reduce progression of the underlying disease process but do not cause regrowth of beta cells. In current clinical practice, T1DM is diagnosed at the time that insulin replacement is required. This is late in the disease course, when it is estimated that more than 80% of functional beta cells have been lost. When selective immunotherapy is given at this stage, some impact on insulin dose (and in some studies also HbA1c and hypoglycaemia rates) is seen, but it is too late to obviate the need for insulin. Fortunately, it is possible to diagnose T1DM at an earlier stage. Multiple studies of birth cohorts in relatives of those with T1DM and the general population have shown that 80-90% of asymptomatic children who are found to have two or more islet autoantibodies (including anti-GAD, anti-IA-2, anti-ZNT8 or anti-insulin) will go on to develop T1DM (Figure 1). Once dysglycaemia develops (equivalent to impaired glucose tolerance), levels of hyperglycaemia Address for correspondence: Professor Colin M Dayan Professor of Clinical Diabetes and Metabolism, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK E-mail: email@example.com


Abstract Despite the great increase in the use of color in statistical graphics, we know very little about how color affects people's perception of the quantitative information on graphical displays. Perceptual psychologists have already demonstrated that color can cause optical illusions of various kinds. We ran a simple experiment to see if this can happen with a statistical map and found that an illusion did occur.


Background: Although indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and pyrethroids effectively controls malaria, it potentially increases human exposure to these insecticides. Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to these insecticides may impact human neurodevelopment. Objectives: We aimed to estimate the effects of maternal insecticide exposure and neurodevelopment of toddlers living in a malaria-endemic region currently using IRS. Methods: The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) is a birth cohort of 752 mother–child pairs in Limpopo, South Africa. We measured maternal exposure to DDT and its breakdown product, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), in maternal serum, and measured pyrethroid metabolites in maternal urine. We assessed children's neurodevelopment at 1 and 2 y of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition (BSID-III), and examined associations with maternal exposure. Results: DDT and DDE were not associated with significantly lower scores for any BSID-III scale. In contrast, each 10-fold increase in cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid were associated, respectively, with a −0.63 (95% CI: −1.14, −0.12), −0.48 (95% CI: −0.92, −0.05), and −0.58 (−1.11, −0.06) decrement in Social-Emotional scores at 1 y of age. In addition, each 10-fold increase in maternal cis-DBCA levels was associated with significant decrements at 2 y of age in Language Composite scores and Expressive Communication scores [β=−1.74 (95% CI: −3.34, −0.13) and β=−0.40 (95% CI: −0.77, −0.04), respectively, for a 10-fold increase]. Significant differences by sex were estimated for pyrethroid metabolites and motor function scores at 2 y of age, with higher scores for boys and lower scores for girls. Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to pyrethroids may be associated at 1 y of age with poorer social-emotional development. At 2 y of age, poorer language development was observed with higher prenatal pyrethroid levels. Considering the widespread use of pyrethroids, these findings deserve further investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2129


The authors proceed from the fact that the scientific picture of the world is formed in the human consciousness not so much by the method of "pure contemplation" as by the logical study of the surrounding reality. At the same time, the understanding of reality is felt by a person only in the experience of value choice, which is expressed by judgments, spiritual norms, ethical ideals and other personal categories. Consequently, the scientific knowledge that explains the world must be accompanied by emotional experiences that create human practice. That is, learning as a way of acquiring knowledge should be valueoriented, having educational functions aimed at the development of the individual. This paper reveals the nature of value non-randomness of humanitarian education from the point of its value (axiological) content, and emphasizes the necessity of the humanistic education of axiology, that is, the values formed by the subject are compatible with the development level of modern society. It attempts to define meta-method and concludes that meta-methodology is the basis of pedagogy, so as to put forward new learning principles for the pedagogical development. Keywords—value, principle of the value non-random, axiological vector of learning, meta-method


The end of independent chieftaincy must be one of the most fundamental changes in the long history of Ghana, and one of the central achievements that Kwame Nkrumah and his movement brought about. Nkrumah & the Chiefs examines a radical nationalist government's attempts to destroy chieftaincy in Ghana. Richard Rathbone's pioneering work shows how chiefly resistance forced the government to seek control over rural areas by incorporating and redefining chieftaincy. Based primarily on previously unconsulted archival and other material in Ghana, Nkrumah & the Chiefs is a detailed analysis of this neglected side of Ghana's history.


The thermal energy emitted from an object can be seen and measured as a thermograph with the help of infrared imaging and measurement camera. This process of measuring heat emission is known as infrared thermography. From a one arrester to a transformer, nearly every piece of equipment on a utility system gets hot before failure. This makes infrared thermography not only a cost effective mean but also a valuable diagnostic tool in improving system efficiency, power quality, workers' safety, and averting outages, valuable equipment failure and line losses. This paper looks at the process of setting up an infrared thermography program, thermography process; describe its advantages, and its usage by rural cooperatives. The paper also accentuates the advancements in infrared technology.


A performance-based mixture proportioning method has been developed by the National Concrete Pavement Technology Center at Iowa State University. Many prescriptive specifications for concrete mixtures do not meet the specific needs of individual concrete applications, whereas optimized mixtures can be more customized and are sustainable and cost-effective. The performance-based proportioning method evaluates and selects materials and analyzes the interaction between them. There is a spreadsheet tool to help users implement this method.


GAS-PHASE ION SPECTROSCOPY OF NUCLEOBASES AND MONONUCLEOTIDES: MODELS FOR HIGHER ORDER NUCLEIC ACIDS by YUAN-WEI (DAVID) NEI May 2017 Advisor: Dr. Mary T. Rodgers Major: Analytical Chemistry Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Experiments examining the structures and stabilities of protonated and sodium cationized nucleobases, and deprotonated DNA and RNA mononucleotides are presented and discussed in this dissertation. These studies were carried out using the infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy technique that utilizes a Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) coupled to a free electron laser (FEL) located at the Radboud University Nijmegen. Ionic species of these biologically important complexes were generated using an electrospray ionization source and then mass isolated to have their infrared (IR) spectra measured by the experimental apparatus. Detailed analysis of the IR spectra measured by this technique, the IRMPD action spectra, are accomplished by high level theoretical calculations, which enable the structures accessed in the experiments to be determined and visualized. In the first part of this thesis, the structures of protonated and sodium cationized complexes of uracil (Ura), one of the four nucleobases of RNA, and its thioketo modified forms, 2-thiouracil (SUra), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil (mSUra), 6-methyl-2-thiouracil


Effective platelet inhibition has become a cornerstone in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs).4 The addition of clopidogrel, a blocker of the ADP platelet receptor, to aspirin therapy significantly reduces major cardiovascular events in ACS patients and reduces the frequency of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. As PCI became the dominant approach for myocardial revascularization, clopidogrel use grew steadily, and clopidogrel is now the second most highly prescribed medicine in the US. Even though clopidogrel was approved for use in 1997, its mechanism of action continues to be progressively understood.

The response to clopidogrel is highly variable among patients. Patients with low or incomplete platelet inhibition (so-called high residual on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity) are at a greater risk of cardiovascular events (1). Multiple mechanisms have been proposed for the variable response to clopidogrel. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses have established that a substantial portion of the variation in platelet response is explained by the variability in plasma concentrations of the active metabolite of clopidogrel (2–4). Clopidogrel is a prodrug that requires bioactivation to achieve its antiplatelet efficacy. Only 15% of the prodrug is available for transformation to the active agent; the remaining 85% is hydrolyzed by esterases into inactive forms. The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C19 contributes an estimated 21% to the generation of the active metabolite (5). Like many other members of the cytochrome P450 gene superfamily, the CYP2C19 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 19) gene is highly polymorphic, with >25 variant alleles known. The most common CYP2C19 loss-of-function allele is * 2 (c.681G>A; rs4244285), with allele frequencies of approximately 15% in Caucasians and Africans, and 29%–35% in Asians. Carriers of two * 2 alleles are defined as poor metabolizers, whereas carriers of only one * 2 allele are defined as intermediate …


Abstract A new species of Demodex is described, in all instars, from the rare and endangered snow leopard, Panthern uncia. This represents only the second demodecid from the family Felidae and the first from a wild cat species. The mite specimens were taken from juvenile hosts raised in captivity. Demodex uncii sp. nov. closely resembles Demodex cati.


Objective
To explore the effects of wound therapists involved in health education for pressure ulcer prevention on the behavior of primary caregivers of high-risk populations with pressure ulcers in the community.

Methods
Totally 112 primary caregivers of high-risk populations with pressure ulcers from 2 communities near China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were selected in September 2017 using convenient sampling, who received a 3-month health education for pressure ulcer prevention which involved wound therapists. Health Information Seeking Behavior (HISB) and Caregiver Behavior Scale (CBS) were used to evaluate the primary caregivers' initiative to learn health behaviors and their nursing behaviors for pressure ulcers at admission and 3 months post intervention.

Results
After 3 months, the subjects' score of HISB and CBS were higher than that before the intervention (P<0.01) .

Conclusions
Health education for pressure ulcer prevention which involves wound therapists helps to enhance the initiative to learn health behaviors in on the primary caregivers of high-risk populations with pressure ulcers in the community, improve their nursing behaviors for pressure ulcers, and reduce the incidence rate of pressure ulcers in high-risk populations in the community.

Key words:
Pressure ulcers; Caregivers; Wound therapists; Initiative to learn health behaviors; Nursing behaviors; Community nursing


The observed position of QSOs may vary due to the gravitational deflection by foreground objects. This effect is eminent in the direction of the Galactic Center. Toward the Galactic Center, in addition to the astrometric microlensing by individual stars in the Galaxy, we have to consider the macro lens effect; the collective gravitational deflection by the core (Massive Black Hole (MBH) in the Galactic Center) and the bulge of the Galaxy. This effect is important because it has a secular component. Its magnitude is 0.4 μas/yr in the case of internal motion of QSOs by the core and reaches 0.6 μas/yr in the case of the collective motion produced by both the core and the bulge. The measurement of these effects will provide us valuable information on the density old mass function of the Galactic Center.


A NAPL-bearing volcanogenic reservoir exists in West Siberia, hosted in Triassic age rocks (rhyolite tuffs) at a depth between 2.5 and 2.8 km, overlaid by low-permeable clay-argillite formations. Reservoir temperatures range from 120 to 130 o C, and pressures from 290 to 310 bars. Integrated analysis of the geological and geophysical data shows circulation patterns, where upflow zones can be identified by positive temperature and pressure anomalies, while downflows lead to negative anomalies. Those circulation patterns coincide with the former Triassic volcanoe vents, which are related to volcanic breccias. Conceptual TOUGH-modeling was used to verify the possibility of a NAPL deposit accumulation in the clay overlaying the Triassic rhyolite tuffs reservoir. This deposit is fed by NAPL bearing upflows from buried volcanic vents. In a first step, a 3D numerical model of the reservoir was developed, covering 10 8 3 km 3 , and discretized by rectangular 10 8 30 grid. Inverse iTOUGH2EOS1-modeling was used to estimate heat and mass flows as well as permeabilities. Next, direct T2VOC modeling was used to reproduce the NAPL distribution in the volcanogenic reservoir. NAPL phase saturations matched the reservoir exploration data. In parallel to conceptual modeling, iTOUGH2EOS3 was used to estimate thermal properties of reservoir rocks (heat conductivity and specific heat) based on laboratory heat tests data performed on rock samples.


Background Mutations in SCN1A can cause genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+, inherited missense mutations) or Dravet syndrome (DS, de novo mutations of all types). Although the mutational spectra are distinct, these disorders share major features and 10% of DS patients have an inherited SCN1A mutation. Objectives and patients 19 selected families with at least one DS patient were studied to describe the mechanisms accounting for inherited SCN1A mutations in DS. The mutation identified in the DS probands was searched in available parents and relatives and quantified in the blood cells of the transmitting parent using quantitative allele specific assays. Results Mosaicism in the blood cells of the transmitting parent was demonstrated in 12 cases and suspected in another case. The proportion of mutated allele in the blood varied from 0.04–85%. In the six remaining families, six novel missense mutations were associated with autosomal dominant variable GEFS+ phenotypes including DS as the more severe clinical picture. Conclusion The results indicate that mosaicism is found in at least 7% of families with DS. In the remaining cases (6/19, 32%), the patients were part of multiplex GEFS+ families and seemed to represent the extreme end of the GEFS+ clinical spectrum. In this latter case, additional genetic or environmental factors likely modulate the severity of the expression of the mutation.


Disorders of the senses of taste and smell are not uncommon, occurring in over three million adults in the United States alone. Olfactory dysfunction occurs in about half of the population between the ages of 65 and 80 years and in about three-quarters of those 80 years of age and older (Figure 1). Although rarely appreciated, taste and smell disorders have significant consequences for the patient, including (i) impaired quality of life; (ii) increased health or safety risks from spoiled foods and dangerous vapors (e.g. leaking natural gas); (iii) compromised vocational abilities; and (iv) altered food choices and consumption patterns that can adversely impact health or worsen underlying illnesses (e.g. decreased body weight, impaired immunity, overuse of salt in hypertension or sugar in diabetes mellitus). A major focus of our Center over the last 25 years has been on the development of reliable, valid and easy-to-use tests for evaluating the senses of taste and smell. Quantitative testing is needed to (i) determine what specific cranial nerves are affected; (ii) accurately assess function (patient subjective reports can be misleading); (iii) communicate valid information to patients regarding the level of dysfunction and whether it is normal for their age and sex; (iv) monitor disease progression; (v) determine treatment efficacy; (vi) provide objective information regarding worker's compensation and other insurance or legal claims; (vii) detect early signs of tumors and neurological disorders that may not be discerned otherwise; (viii) maximize efficacy of intervention or treatment; (ix) detect malingering; and (x) provide state-of-the-art medical surveillance and care. Most of the olfactory tests we have developed, including tests of odor detection, identification and memory, are commercially available and some, such as the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), have been translated into multiple languages and administered to hundreds of thousands of persons. Among the findings of our Center is the close relationship between a test's length (e.g. number of items) and its reliability, a key index of its sensitivity (Figure 2).


This article is dedicated to the problem of establishment of nonclassical mythology in the conditions of the modern epistemological crisis of myth, which is associated with stagnation in ideas and research against the background of the variety of works dedicate to folklore, anthropology, and philology. The goal of this article lies in the analysis of the factors and theoretical foundations of the formation of nonclassical mythology, as well as its practical importance for science and society. Research methodology leans on the principles and approaches of no-classical rationality that reveal the possibilities and limits of the scientific study of myth, as well as allow determining its role and meaning for science and society within the common cultural space. The scientific novelty lies in substantiation of the existence of nonclassical mythology as developed and described by the researchers. Analysis of the most interesting ideas of myth researchers indicates that nonclassical mythology was formed in the XX century, and is currently at the stage of formation of the general theory of myth. However, its further development is related to need for overcoming inertia in such spheres that view mythology in its particular manifestations, neglecting the ontology. Research of the ontology of myth will be determinative for mythology as a science, as well as allow formulating the fundamentals and problematic of the general theory of myth.


While giving a remarkably good description of many aspects of SN1987A, calculations assuming spherical symmetry have a number of flaws. Many of these problems naturally disappear in the development of a 2-D calculation, as nonspherical instabilities grow. This nonspherical behavior, made evident in SN1987A, has implications for other types of supernovae.


House dust mite antigens have been used for decades to diagnose allergic diseases in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to identify allergens in commercial Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis extracts by immunoblotting using sera from allergic dogs and anti-dog IgE conjugate. The analysis of antigens present in the D. farinae extract (FDA Allergenic) using sera from 10 dogs allergic to D. farinae showed that eight sera recognized a band of approximately 102 kDa, eight recognized two bands of 52 to 76 kDa, five recognized one band of approximately 76 kDa, four recognized one band of 31 to 38 kDa, and two recognized one band of 12 to 17 kDa. Immunoblot assays of the B. tropicalis extract (FDA Allergenic) using sera from 10 animals allergic to B. tropicalis showed that five sera recognized two bands of 52 to 76 kDa. These results demonstrate the importance of the two house dust mite species for the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis in Brazil. In addition, the results indicate which allergens should be present in allergenic extracts used for diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy.


A semiguided Monte Carlo technique to schedule forced outage periods of generating units is described. The key advantage of this method lies in its ability to create forced-outage schedules that are statistically balanced. When tested against the pure Monte Carlo method, the semiguided Monte Carlo technique provided much faster convergence and greatly reduced the number of Monte Carlo iterations required to produce reliable production cost results. The Electricity Supply Board implemented this technique in its chronological dispatch program. The program can be used for a diverse spectrum of applications, from evaluating different generation expansion plans and estimating fuel requirements to evaluating the cost/benefit of improving various plant parameters, such as forced outage rates.<<ETX>>


programmable active groupware kernel. Its protocols are roughly similar to process model fragments. But no concept of ConversationBuilder can be related to CPCE meta process. The main weakness of the project, in its current state, is the narrowness of its application domain, because few real-life application are purely collab-orative. An important objective in the long run is to better understand the different styles of cooperative work and to study how to enrich the kernel for supporting a larger part of this spectrum. For instance, what are the relationships with advanced collabora-tive editing environments that cover both synchronous and asynchronous work, such as [Magnusson 93], and what are the relationships with 'coarse grain' process modeling projects that focus on the cooperation between long termed tasks, such as [Godart 93]? From the application viewpoint, the next objective will be to model a collaborative method in the Requirements Engineering field. Modeling methods implies in particular specifying various kinds of constraints, such as consistency and completeness constraints. Active capabilities and contracts (between users and the system for controlling deferred actions enforcing some of these constraints) should play important roles in this perspective. Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge all the members of the Software Engineering Team in CRIN, and all the partners of 'PROMOTER' ESPRIT Working Group for fruitful discussions, and Coumba Diouf Ndiaye for participating to CPCE prototype development. and 2). The 'guidance' icon opens the second menu, for listing various historical summaries (e.g. List-SetOfIssues), for listing what is going on (e.g. List-Ongoing Issues), and for answering the 'What to do next?' question (ListPerformableSteps, ListRais-ableIssues, ListIssuesToParticipateIn). The results of some requests are shown in the main window of Fig.8. The 'execution' icon opens the main action menu, for raising issues, for deliberating and solving them, for performing resulting steps. Interactions take place through dynamically built pop-up menus, giving the possible parameters in accordance with the current state of the process and the user's role. Fig.8 depicts a SolveIssue action that automatically triggers some resulting activity. The 'tools' icon opens the third menu in the right part of Fig.8, that gives access to a set of application-related tools, freely available during the ongoing phase(s). Here, the menu gives access to a set of browsers for examining the components of the target material, all the defects, only the pending defects, and the already consolidated defects. The 'awareness' icon opens a window with the characteristics (name, …


For decades mathematicians, physicists, and engineer s have relied on various or thogonal expansions such Fourier, Legendre, and Chebyschev to solve a variety of problems. In this paper we exploit the orthogonal p of prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWF) in the form of a new orthogonal expansion which we have na Slepian series. We empirically show that the Slepian series is potentially optimal over more conventional ort expansions for discontinuous functions such as the squa re w ve among others. With regards to interpolation, explore the connections the Slepian series has to the Shannon sampling theorem. By utilizing Euler's equa a relationship between the even and odd ordered PSWFs is investigated. We also establish several other advantages the Slepian series has such as the presence of a free tunable bandwidth parameter.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


In summer 1997–1998, a bloom of the cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis (Rabenhorst) and Anabaena spiroides (Klebahn) contaminated the Canning River (Perth, WA), forcing its closure to the public for swimming and fishing. We investigated the major nutrient fluctuations before, during and after the bloom. The river was persistently temperature stratified at least 1 month prior to the bloom. The surface and bottom layers of water had distinctly different nutrient concentrations, which meant that biomass and growth rates of the phytoplankton within each layer were limited by different nutrients. At the peak of the bloom, in the bottom waters growth rates were light limited and biomass was nitrogen limited, whereas in the surface waters biomass was controlled by phosphorus (P) availability and growth rates were probably limited by the lack of dissolved inorganic carbon. Another consequence of stratification was that, at the peak of the bloom (0.25 mg chlorophyll L−1), the mostly buoyant cyanobacteria could not access 83p of the P released from sediments during the summer period of anoxia. In this situation, the injection of oxygenated water, tested as a remediation measure for algal blooms, is likely to exacerbate a bloom by providing more of the limiting nutrient to the surface layer. However, aeration prior to the bloom may reduce P release from the sediments by preventing anoxia.


Commercial activities of Venetian patricians in Albanian territory reach back to the 11th century and had its apogee in the period of the Serenissima's political domination of the coastal zone between Durazzo and the Scutari bassin (1392-1479). Members of the same patrician families often advantageously combined administrative duties and commercial interests. The short-time character of these "Albanian actions" did not allow however the formation of an Veneto-Albanian nobility comparable to the Veneto-Cretan elite. However, the Venetians succeeded in stabilizing their Albanian province in the turmoil of the 15th century by integrating local Albanian elements in the greater frame of Adriatic commerce.


The zero‐gain and equal‐gain temperature methods have been used to measure vibrational rate‐constant ratios for the reaction: H+ClF→HCl+F: N1/N0=3.5±0.8, N2/N1=2.3±0.3 and N3/N2=0.9±.2. These data are in accord with relative rate constant measurements obtained through chemiluminescence studies. Furthermore, they provide the first information about k0 and they narrow considerably the uncertainty range for k1. Combining all of the available data, a ''best'' value of the fraction of available energy into vibration, fv=0.40, is obtained. With the complete set of vibrational rate constants, a linear surprisal plot can be obtained by assuming that only a portion of the energy released is ''available'' for vibrational excitation. It is suggested that this portion measures the energy released in the reaction entry channel, Polanyi's ''attractive energy release.'' This interpretation is consistent with the results of similar treatments of the rate constant data for the H+X2 reactions (X=F, Cl, Br).