Abstract In this paper, we conduct two experiments to investigate how managers' differential weighting of objective versus subjective measures affects their performance-evaluation decisions. Drawing on psychological theory, we predict that managers heuristically perceive objective measures to be more scientific than subjective measures. As a result, their performance-evaluation decisions are influenced more by objective measures than by subjective measures. Experimental results are consistent with our prediction. Supplemental analyses further support our theory by showing that participants do not perceive objective measures to be more important for performance evaluation nor do they perceive subjective measurement to be inappropriate. The implications of our findings for management accounting research and practice are discussed.


Grass pollen allergens are shown to remain associated with protein material and a yellow pigment during paper chromatography and during dialyses and ultrafiltrations of various types. Dialysable* allergens comprise only a fraction of 1 per cent of the total activity and the amount of activity extractable by diethylene glycol (DEG) and similar solvents is of the same order.

Besides the allergens, the DEG and aqueous extracts contain large amounts of inositol, glucose and fructose, also some yellow pigments and phosphates. Larger amounts of free and combined amino acids are found in the aqueous than in the DEG extracts, but the reverse is true for sucrose. In addition the DEG extracts contain a yellow glucoside different from the dactylen of the aqueous extracts, a glucosan and an arabinose-galactose-pigment complex, only the latter being associated with any activity.

The spontaneous release of the crystalline dactylen from originally clear aqueous pollen extracts is found not to be caused by enzymes. The washed crystals are found to be chromatographically and electrophoretically homogeneous and devoid of allergenic activity.


Based on the classical differential equilibrium equation of shell,assuming that the abilities resisting tension and bending of the reinforcement bars,the three-dimension ripple steel plates and the ribs are equably distributed in the range that the ribs act on and ignoring their contributions to torsion,the basic differential equilibrium equations of it is derived in the 1st part of this paper.The displacement of the structure under the case of distributed loads can be solved by the trigonometric series method.Comparing the results with those of the ordinary shell,it can be concluded that the contributions of the three-dimension ripple steel plate are notable.


Correlation between the surface morphological features, oxygen vacancies concentration, ferromagnetism and resistive switching behavior of a ZnO-based memory device were investigated in this report. Both the bipolar resistive switching characteristic and room temperature ferromagnetism have been found in a ZnO-based device. Interestingly, the thin film surface illustrates a nano triangle pattern due to indium and silicon codoping. X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that there are oxygen vacancies in all the device, and the (In, Si)-codoping ZnO device had the largest oxygen vacancies concentration. The magnitude of saturation magnetization values can be enhanced via controlling of oxygen vacancies concentration. Especially, the quaternary-ZnO device shows a low operating voltage and high stability. The results evidently demonstrated that the ferromagnetism and resistive switching effect could be ascribed to the film defects, and the excellent performing ZnO memory device could be manufactured via the (In, Si)-codoping method.


The aim of treatment in acute nephritis is to protect the kidneys from damageby resting them and to relieve symptoms. The considerationshown to the kidneys must of necessity be varied with the functional efficiency of these organs. In the first week of the disease,when impairment of renal function is great, food is withheld to a large extent. Probably it is wise to give neither food nor fluid so long as anuriaexists. Otherwise, for the first three days I administer fruit juices and glucose. For instance, 10 ounces of a 20% glucosesolution flavoured with fruit juices may be offered to the patient every four hours. For the remainderof the first week one pint of milk .(20. grammesof protein) and one pint of fruit juice may begiven daily. In the secondweek of illness, if the patient's kidneys are recovering their function, the equivalent of two pints'of milk (40 grammesof protein) fortified by lactoseand cream, or with the addition of glucosein fruit juice, will prove adequate. Thereaftera light diet containing 60 grammes of protein may be given as kidney function approximates the normal. When the kidneyshavefinally regainedfull efficiency anormal diet may be allowed, irrespectiveof the presenceof albuminuria. Salt is not allowed whilst any <Edema remains. The patient is nursedin bed until kidney function is restoredand hrematuriaceases. It was customary in the old days to nurse the patient between blankets, as sweating and hot packs occupieda prominentpart in the regime. This form of therapyhas been largely abandoned,as have the violent purging and the full milk diet which were a featureof hospital treatmentin my studentdays. The old-fashionedadministrationof three pints of milk per day from the beginning of the illness offered the kidneys too much fluid and protein to disposeof. The treatmentof urremia is more successfulas a rule in acutenephritis'than in the chronic disease. The so-calledurremiaof acutenephritis is generally held to be associated with encephalopathyand <Edema of the brain rather than with chemical poisoning of the brain cells. Consequentlyour measuresare directed towards the reduction of intracranialtension. The removalof 20 to 40 cubic centimetresof cerebro-spinalfluid is recommended, with the foot of the bed raised. This ensuresslow drainage and lessensthe risk of formation of a pressurecone. An alternativemethod is to remove 10 to 20 ounces of blood by venesection,and to inject intravenouslythe sameamountof 10% magnesium sulphatesolution. Drugs are of little value in the treatmentof acute nephritis. Diuretics are definitely forbidden, with the exception of alkalis, such as potassiumcitrate. The bowels should be kept open daily by mild aperients. Should complete suppressionof urine occur. the intravenousinjection of 4'285% sodium sulphate and 10% glucose in normal saline solution has been recommendedby Cruickshank.


In 2011, Zhang's research team, in cooperation with Li and Liu, reported the Pt1/FeOx atomically dispersed catalysts for the first time in the world, and based on this, proposed the...


The sudden onset of hearing loss and vertigo presents a difficult diagnostic problem. We describe the finding of labyrinthine enhancement on MR images in five patients with sudden unilateral hearing loss or vertigo or both and correlate the MR findings with audiologic and electronystagmographic studies. All patients were studied with T2-weighted axial images through the whole brain, contrast-enhanced 3-mm axial T1-weighted images through the temporal bone, and enhanced T1-weighted sagittal images through the whole brain. Cochlear enhancement, on the side of hearing loss only, was found in all five patients. The presence of associated vestibular enhancement correlates with objective measures of vestibular function on the electronystagmogram. In two patients, the resolution of symptoms 4-6 months later correlated with resolution of the enhancement on gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR images. Two patients had luetic labyrinthitis. No labyrinthine enhancement was seen in a series of 30 control subjects studied with gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR using the same protocol. Labyrinthine enhancement in patients with auditory and vestibular symptoms is a new finding and is indicative of labyrinthine disease. While abnormalities on electronystag mograms and audiograms are nonspecific and indicate only a sensorineural problem, gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced


The invention discloses a medicinal compound rigid sheet for cold stamping forming, which comprises a first two-way stretching nylon film layer (2), an aluminium foil layer (1) and a second two-way stretching nylon film layer (3), wherein the first two-way stretching nylon film layer (2) is above the aluminium foil layer (1); and the second two-way stretching nylon film layer (3) is below the aluminium foil layer (1). By using the compound rigid sheet disclosed by the invention to carry out cold stamping forming, a formed product has ultra-high flatness, the barrier property is high, the depth of a formed bubble cap is high, and the rejection rate is reduced.


Water resources data for the 1993 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. The report, Volume 2, includes records from the Susquehanna and Potomac River Basins. Specifically, Volume 2 contains (1) discharge records for 97 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and 39 partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 13 lakes and reservoirs; and (3) water-level records for 25 observation wells. The location of these sites is shown in figures 6-8. Additional waste data collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program are also presented.


Communications among mobile, tactical nodes presents a major military challenge. The use of MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) protocols provides a possible solution for military nodes, including those in an airborne network. However MANET research has primarily focused on ground-based studies, using vehicular speeds and in many cases random mobility patterns. Nodes of an airborne network travel at speeds significantly faster than ground vehicles, and fly in coordinated paths not modeled by random mobility. In addition, the quality of the radio links for airborne nodes varies with time, due to interference, range, or antenna occlusion when banking. These characteristics make it impossible to extrapolate existing MANET research results to the airborne network. In this paper we present a simulation evaluation of MANET protocol performance for an airborne environment, with the intent to identify a routing protocol that can best deal with the dynamics of an airborne network. A scenario involving widebody aircraft trajectories was modeled in OPNET. Intermittent link outages due to aircraft banking were modeled by use of a notional radio link, antenna model, and modified OPNET source code that reflects positional antenna gain, including antenna occlusion when an aircraft banks. Within this scenario environment, four MANET protocols (AODV, TORA, OLSR, OSPFv3-MANET) were run on the airborne nodes with metric collection of protocol overhead, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay. Simulation results and analysis of the protocol performance for an airborne network are presented here. Additional issues and future areas of research are also identified.


In this paper we analyze Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators for time series models as advocated by Hansen and Singleton. It is well known that these estimators achieve efficiency bounds if the number of lagged observations in the instrument set goes to infinity. However, to this date no data dependent way of selecting the number of instruments in a finite sample is available. This paper derives an asymptotic mean squared error (MSE) approximation for the GMM estimator. The optimal number of instruments is selected by minimizing a criterion based on the MSE approximation. It is shown that the fully feasible version of the GMM estimator is higher order adaptive. In addition a new version of the GMM estimator based on kernel weighted moment conditions is proposed. The kernel weights are selected in a data-dependent way. Expressions for the asymptotic bias of kernel weighted and standard GMM estimators are obtained. It is shown that standard GMM procedures have a larger asymptotic bias and MSE than optimal kernel weighted GMM. A bias correction for both standard and kernel weighted GMM estimators is proposed. It is shown that the bias corrected version achieves a faster rate of convergence of the higher order terms of the MSE than the uncorrected estimator.


Osteoma of the jaws is benign neoplasms resulting from the continuous formation of both cortical and cancellous bone. They are well defined lesions that can present as an isolated finding or as part of syndrome. (E.g.: Gardner's syndrome). Usually asymptomatic, they go undetected unless incidentally found on a routine radiographic survey.


In this study, the taxation knowledge, service, and sanction of the head of village government financial affairs (KAUR of village financial) in Gunung Kidul Regency, Indonesia, were investigated. The data were the primary data obtained by using questionnaires and interview methods. The respondents consisted of 144 of the KAUR of village financial in Gunung Kidul Regency. The sampling data were obtained using a convenience sampling method and then examined by validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, adjusted R2, and t-value test. The obtained questionnaire data showed that the data were valid, reliable, and appropriate to the classical assumption test. The adjusted R2 showed a strong correlation of the dependent variable to the independent variable. Furthermore, the t-tested value results showed that the KAUR of village financial in Gunung Kidul Regency fully understood the responsibility of the taxation knowledge, services, and sanctions.


This paper investigates the controllability and reachability of switched linear control systems. It is proven that both the controllable and reachable sets are subspaces of the total space. Complete geometric characterizations for both sets are presented. The switching control design problem is also addressed.


Fifty-one previously known quasars observed with the Einstein Observatory have been analyzed for intensity variations on time scales ranging from a few hundred seconds to 18 months. While none of them has shown variability on a very short time scale, four of the quasars have been seen to vary on a time scale of about 1 day. As about 30 objects could be analyzed on this time scale, it is concluded that 1 day appears to be a relatively common time scale for variability. On longer time scales (6-18 months), nine out of 12 quasars which could be analyzed show variability. However, in contrast to results previously reported for BL Lac objects, no variation in quasar luminosity larger than a factor of 2 has been observed.


The paper introduces the application of microcomputer monitoring system into railway electric interlocking and analyzes in detail the monitor system structure,function,implement and configurations of both hardware and software etc.


This paper investigates the virtualization and optimization of a multi-cell WLAN. We consider the station (STA)-access point (AP) association and airtime control for virtualized 802.11 networks to provide service customization and fairness across multiple internet service providers (ISPs) sharing the common physical infrastructure and network capacity. More specifically, an optimization problem is formulated on the STAs transmission probabilities to maximize the overall network throughput, while providing airtime usage guarantees for the ISPs. Subsequently, an algorithm to reach the optimal solution is developed by applying monomial approximation and geometric programming iteratively. Based on the proposed three-dimensional Markov-chain model of the enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) protocol, the detailed implementation of the optimal transmission probability is also discussed. The accuracy of the proposed Markov-chain model and the performance of the developed association and airtime control scheme are evaluated through numerical results.


"Eliana Mall" Top Management (the only shopping centre in Brasov) and the biggest mass media trusts in the area were asking for this marketing research. The object was to quantify respondents' suggestions and opinions (aged over 14 years old) considering: the local mass media consumption and the attitude towards consumption in Brasov, in the period time 28th of January - 6th of February 2005. The market research was conducted in the period time 28th of February - 6th of February (the canvassing). The direct interview was based on a questionnaire with 64 direct questions and there were 1723 respondents aged over 14 years old. The market research was performed with Multi Consulting Group Company from Brasov.


Several clinical studies into the pain-producing effects of various substances are described. Fatty acid hydroperoxides acetylcholine bradykinin histamine and PG(prostaglandin)E1 were used in the tests infused intravenously or injected intramuscularly. It was found that PGE1 increased pain sensitivity to chemical and mechanical stimulation. The effect of PGE1 was cumulative and depended on the concentration and time of exposure. PGE1 caused a higher level of hyperalgesia than the other substances; the effect of PGE1 was longer-lasting than that of the others. When reinjection occurred the onset of pain was earlier in areas which had previously been sensitized with PGE1. It is hypothesized that PGE1 may function by sensitizing the pain receptors. Aspirin-like analgesics which block PG synthesis may exert their pain-killing effects by preventing the sensitization of the pain receptors by the PGs or lipoperoxides.


Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is damage of the heart valves
due to acute rheumatic fever (ARF) which results from the
body's autoimmune response to Streptococcus pyogenes....


Problems concerning people with disabilities in Japan characteristically manifest themselves as problems affecting not only the disabled people themselves, but also their mothers. My research indicates that this stems from the fact that social welfare in Japan: (a) lacks an encompassing vision; (b) views people with disabilities negatively, using the so-called'medical model' that equates disabilities with disease; and (c) embraces a paradigm in which the family is seen as the primary care-giver and state welfare is seen as having a merely supplemental role.The continuing stress on the family as primary provider of support and care has reduced the issue of disability to a family matter in the eyes of the state. Consequently, questions are seldom raised about the quality of life of people with disabilities who live with their families. This paper discusses challenges to contemporary policies on disabilities, with a view to identifying what needs to be done to enable people with disabilities to live independently, as citizens in their local community


In recent years, there has been a trend in the global oil industry to improve the proportion of heavy high-sulfur crude oils in the total volume of extracted and processed resources, reserves of which are estimated at over 800 billion metric tons. Therefore, the main line of oil refining is processing of heavy crudes and residua to allow maximum use of the hydrocarbon potential and yield of high-margin products. Hydrogenation processes of heavy raw materials are most attractive in terms of product quality. This article analyzes tar hydrocracking processes that are either in operation or at the stage of full-scale testing. These include Veba Combi-Cracker (VCC), Uniflex, suspended-bed catalyst hydrocracking (ENI), and vacuum residue hydroconversion (TIPS RAS). These technologies use heterogeneous catalysts and are designed to obtain the largest possible amount of liquid products. This article discusses the features of each technology, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, shows the main approaches to process management, and speculates about the development of these technologies. Tar refining is a major process in heavy oil upgrading, and the development of efficient tar-processing methods will influence refinery configurations and management.


An experiment was conducted to assess the differential morpho-physiological responses to simulated water stress of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars in hydroponic culture. Seeds of two canola cultivars (Cyclone and Dunkeld) were germinated and allowed to grow for three weeks. Three week-old canola plants were grown at 0 MPa (control) or -0.6 MPa (PEG 18.2%) in nutrient solution for further three weeks. Water stress strongly reduced the growth of both canola cultivars. However, cultivar Dunkeld proved to be more drought tolerant as it was higher almost in all growth attributes under water stress conditions, particularly in shoot and root biomass and leaf area. Furthermore, growth of Dunkeld was also higher than that in Cyclone. Leaf chlorophyll 'a', carotenoids and quantum yield of PSII was also reduced due to water deficit conditions, but all these were less affected in drought tolerant Dunkeld. Although leaf osmotic potential was lower in water stressed plants of both cultivars, water stress induced reduction in leaf osmotic potential was less in cv. Dunkeld. However, there was no relationship between growth and osmotic adjustment in canola cultivars examined in the present study. Water deficit caused a substantial decrease in photosynthetic rate in both canola cultivars but canola cultivars did not differ significantly in net CO2 assimilation rate under water stress conditions. Furthermore, parallels between A, and leaf chlorophyll 'a' or Fv/Fm of both cultivars can not be drawn under water stress conditions. Thus, the differential drought tolerance in canola cultivars was related to leaf area and root growth. There was no relationship between growth and osmotic adjustment in canola cultivars examined here. Overall, quantum yield of PSII and leaf chlorophyll 'a' can be referred as a potential selection criterion for drought tolerance in canola cultivars examined in the present study.


We report first-principles calculations that clarify stability and electronic structures of silicene on Ag(111) surfaces. We find that several stable structures exist for silicene/Ag(111), exhibiting a variety of images of scanning tunneling microscopy. We also find that Dirac electrons are absent near Fermi level in all the stable structures due to buckling of the Si monolayer and mixing between Si and Ag orbitals. This is the first theoretical investigation that clarify the absence of Dirac electrons in silicene due to the strong interaction with substrates. We instead propose that either BN substrate or hydrogen-processed Si surface is a good candidate to preserve Dirac electrons in silicene.


SUMMARY Phosphorylated non-histone chromatin proteins are shown to stimulate the synthesis of RNA in a cell-free system using rat liver RNA polymerase and rat DNA as template, This stimulation is not observed when DNA's of other species are used as template, or when the phosphorylated proteins have been treated with alkaline phosphatase.


(A) a binder polymer having a carboxyl group; (B) a photopolymerizable compound having at least one polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated in the molecule at least one member; And (C) a photosensitive resin composition containing a photoinitiator is to provide mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and excellent film flexibility, it is suitable for the production of light-sensitive elements.


We examine the quantum Zeno effect on the dynamics of quantum discord in two initially entangled qubits which are subjected to frequent measurements via decoherent coupling with independent reservoirs. The links between characteristic parameters such as system bias, measurement time duration, strength of initial entanglement between the two qubit systems and the dynamics of quantum discord are examined in the case of two initial state configurations. For weak or unsharp measurements, the quantum discord, which is an intrinsically distinct entity from concurrence, serves as a reliable indicator of the crossover point in Zeno to anti-Zeno transitions. However at highly precise quantum measurements, the monitoring device interferes significantly with the evolution dynamics of the monitored system, and the quantum discord yields indeterminate values in a reference frame where the observer is not an active constituent of the subsystems.


The comparative analysis of two texts (A.Chekhov's story Chamber № 6, 1892, and the chapter «Chamber number one» from V.Makanin's novel Hero of our time, 1997) allows to reveal a generalities and distinctions of Russian writers of different epoch directed by social and existential problems, in poetic plot, in a characterology. Conscious orientation of the modern prose writer to classic's art experience pass intertextuality and testifies to dialogue of the art worlds, the currency of Chekhov's prose in a modern Russian spiritual situation.


The behavior of the North Indian Ocean is examined using an intermediate ocean model forced by satellite and numerical model reanalysis data for the period 19841990. It is shown that there is substantial interannual variability in ocean dynamical and thermodynamical structures, commensurate with the atmospheric forcing. The heat balance for this region, particularly the meridional heat transport, undergoes strong variations related to the interannual variability of the monsoon. The magnitudes of the equatorial wave dynamics present in the Indian Ocean also show variations on interannual timescales. The relationship between the observed variability and the strength and characteristics of the Asian monsoon is explained in the context of sea-surface temperature (SST) monsoon connections in the Indian Ocean. In particular, two of the years analyzed (1987 and 1988) illustrate the large differences in the strength of the ocean meridional circulation cell that is a key element in the crossequatorial heat transports. It is hypothesized that the meridional heat transport may be an integral part of a coupled ocean-atmosphere system for this region, and that it may be considered as a process (among others) that can influence the interannual variability of the Asian monsoon.


Rabab Abdulhadi, Evelyn Als ulta ny, and Nadine Naber. Editors. Arab and Arab American Feminisms: Gender, Violence, and Belonging Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2011. 328 pages. Cloth $45.00Reviewed by Waleed MahdiEver since the attacks of September 1 1 , 200 1 , the world has witnessed an escalating polarizing rhetoric advancing, what I would refer to as, the US-Arab tension. The underpinnings of such a tension defy any attempt for contextualization that would render 9/11 as "the" historical turning point, but rather call for an in-depth scholarly consideration of the discursive formations that have shaped it, which long predate this particular incident. When charting the terrains of the US-Arab cultural encounters, the issue of otherness surfaces as a primary site of inquiry. Central to this are the questions of identity construction, particularly that of Arabs and Arab Americans, which have been mainly construed within the premises of the US imperialist realm that has perpetuated otherness as the only variable to measure one's comprehension of the "Self." In this regard, two overarching discourses surface for analysis, namely "orientalism" and "nationalism"; the former is often considered as the ideological framework that renders the economic necessities and political considerations imposed by the latter implicit in the popularized understanding, if not imagination, of Arabs and Arab Americans in the United States.Drawing from the Foucauldian understanding of knowledge as "political," the Gramscian notion of "hegemony" as a controlling mechanism, and the Hegelian conception of the "Self and the "Other," Edward Said showcases, in his seminal work Orientalism, how Europeans have exerted efforts to producing one-dimensional and highly politicized knowledge of the Orient that resorts to the Manichean paradigm of binary oppositions in order to establish a civilizational hierarchy and, consequently, legitimatize the European imperialist project. This orientalist heritage, argue such scholars as Milini Schneller, Melani McAlister, and Douglas Little - in their works U.S. Orientalisms, Epic Encounters, and American Orientalism respectively - has been inherited by the United States and used to further crystallize its engagement with the Arab world.The other overarching discourse that continues to generate misconceived conceptions of the "Other" in the United States is "nationalism." This nationalist narrative is sustained by an appeal to "American exceptionalism"; a discourse that celebrates the uniqueness of the American experience in world history and its geopolitical, socioeconomic, cultural, and moral distinction from the rest of the world. It is an embodiment of a rhetoric that locates the United States of America as the world's beacon for liberty, democracy, freedom, and justice. This uncritically circulating myth has been reified by another equally important myth that restricts the definition of "American" to a set of values normativitized through the lenses of white heteropatriarchy; hence, producing a sense of otherness marked through racialized, gendered, and sexualized bodies.Arabs and Arab Americans have consequently undergone a process of alienation from the cultural landscape of the United States. In their edited work Arab and Arab American Feminisms: Gender, Violence and Belonging, Rabab Abdulhadi, Evelyn Alsultany, and Nadine Naber register this process through visiting multiple sites that showcase a wide range of voices that complicates the often superficial and stereotypical perception of Arabs and Arab Americans. …


The Ordovician Dawan Formation of Yichang has been studied for a long time,but the graptolite succession of the formation is still poorly known,particularly due to the rare occurrences of graptolites.In the Nanzhangarea,ca.150km to the north of Yichang,little has been known about the biostratigraphy and graptolite sequence of the Dawan Formation,because almost no investigation has been carried out there.Here we conduct a study on the graptolite biostratigraphy of the Dawan Formation at the Chenjiahe section which is close to the Huanghuachang section in Yichang,and the Quanjiawan and Lijiawan sections in Nanzhang of Hubei Province.Based on the specimens from the Dawan Formation at the Chenjiahe section,three graptolite biozones including in ascending order the Didymograptellus eobifidus Biozone,the Corymbograptus deflexus Biozone and the Azygograptus suecicus Biozone are recognized in the Lower Member,and two graptolite biozones,the Exigraptus clavus Biozone and the Undulograptus austrodentatus Biozone are identified in the Upper Member.At the Quanjiawan section of Nanzhang,the same three graptolite zones are recognized from the Lower Member,but in the Lijiawan section only the D.eobifidus Biozone and the A.suecicus Biozone are identified with the D.deflexus Biozone unrecognizable.It is confirms that the base of the Dawan Formation in the Nanzhang area is coevalt with that in the Yichang area.From Yichang to Nanzhang,the lithostratigraphic characters of the Dawan Formation change from argillaceous limestones with interlayered shale into shale or calcaeous shale,and graptolites become more abundant,indicating a probable deepening of water.A correlation of the graptolite sequence of Dawan Formation in Yichang and Nanzhang with other major continents is also proposed and discussed.


This paper deals with the following aspects in freeway communication conduit designs: (1) the determination of the number of conduit holes; (2) the design and construction for the dimension of communication man holes; (3) the position of horizontal and longitudinal profiles of the conduits; (4) methods for conduits to pass over structures; and (5) embedded depth of conduits. It is concluded that , the self-use conduits of freeway special-use communication systems are divided into three holes, one is for optical cables, one is for electric cables, the rest one is for future use; the designs for freeway special-use communication conduits need to be standardized, and have devoted specifications.


A novel modified multi-output differential difference current conveyor (MDDCC) and the related CMOS circuit are proposed in this paper. Basic filters including low-pass and band-pass employing the current conveyors are built up. The performances of the filters are analyzed and simulated, and the results show that the proposed circuits are effective. The MDDCC circuits combine the advantages of differential difference amplifier (DDA) and the second generation current conveyor (CC II) and are suitable for full integration.


This paper discusses the first, of three stages involved in the dynamic thermal simulation of a pair of two-storey earth sheltered houses (esh units). Stage one focused on the challenge of building a realistic computer model, using Tas Lite for the pair of esh units, based on an existing residential development site in South Wales, UK. The method of realistically modelling continuous ground behind, underneath, to the side, and on top of the esh units is discussed in detail. The importance and problems accounted in zoning earth segments, as part of the modelling process is also discussed in detail. This paper will assist any architect, designer or engineer who is evaluating dynamic thermal modelling software, and also assist this person, or team of professionals assigned to model the thermal behaviour of an earth sheltered house (esh unit), or any other building, built into sloping ground.


To solve the difficulties of modeling the starting system of dual clutch transmission (DCT) vehicles, a state-dependent autoregressive with exogenous variables (SD-ARX) model whose functional coefficients are approximated by sets of radial basis function (RBF) networks is proposed to describe the dynamic characteristics of DCT vehicles starting process in this study. The validity of this modelling approach is verified via a real vehicle test. On this basis, a nonlinear predictive controller based on SD-ARX model is designed. In addition, the physical constraints of this system, including control variables (change rate of engine torque and clutch torque) and state variables (engine speed and clutch speed), are also taken into account during the controller design process via limiting the relevant parameters in particle swarm optimization or setting saturation demand in control program. To verify the validity and merits of the proposed control approach, many sets of simulation analysis in different driving intentions are conducted. Simulation results shown that: the proposed control approach can well control the starting process of DCT vehicles and effectively reflect the demand of driver's intention; compared with the conventional control method, SD-ARX-MPC can improve the starting performance; the proposed approach is robust to a certain extent according to simulation results under changed starting conditions.


This paper proposes a coupled planar coil (CPC) structure that serves both as a HF/NFC RFID tag antenna as well as a displacement sensor. The displacement between the two coils of CPC will cause variations of the antenna impedance, and subsequently modulate the coupled signals between the tags and readers. The readers can demodulate the coupled signals and extract the displacement information. This antenna-sensing mechanism can work seamlessly with existing transponder chips as battery-less, identifiable sensors. An embroidered CPC sensor prototype is fabricated using conductive yarns on stretchable fabric substrates, experiments demonstrate that this embroidered displacement sensor can incorporate with existing HF/NFC RFID systems as a wearable movement sensor.


Protocols were developed for both chromosome counts and flow cytometry to assess ploidy level and DNA content for populations of Arabidopsis lyrata L. sampled from Europe (Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. petraea), North America (Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. lyrata), and Japan (Arabidopsis lyrata subsp. kawasakiana). Ploidy variation within this species is not clear, with previous studies having documented both diploid and tetraploid populations. Chromosome counts in this study confirmed ploidy expectations for all populations examined. Individuals from Iceland and North America were diploid (2n = 2x = 16), whereas those from Japanese and Austrian populations were tetraploid (2n = 4x = 32). Flow cytometry was also used successfully to distinguish between ploidy levels, but the need to calibrate DNA content measures with chromosome counts was demonstrated by a deviation from the expected 2:1 ratio between tetraploid and diploid values among European populations (A. lyrata subsp. petraea). This deviation might be exp...


The eroded geomorphological feature lines such as plateau edge lines and gully edge lines alone with the discontinuous terrain are obviously existing in the gully area of the southern Loess Plateau,but the representation of this topographical feature in the DEM surface lacks of necessary research for how to represent that topographical feature lines.This paper selects Changwu County as the study region,and digitizes the 1∶50 000 topographic maps(including contours,elevation points and rivers thematic layers) and its hand-drawn topographic features lines(including plateau sidelines,gully edge lines and the slope toe lines).This research established four rules grid DEMs with 10 m resolution,respectively using multi-element structuring TIN method and Hutchinson interpolation method,in the case of with or without topographic feature lines participation interpolation,and comparative analysis terrain attributes such as the surface elevation,slope and curvature characteristics between the four DEMs,by map algebra and frequency statistics method.The results show that,in ANUDEM interpolation(Hutchinson algorithm) case,representation of topographical feature in the DEM surface with topographical feature lines can be significantly improved,avoiding the flat triangle and taking into account both the smoothness and continuity of the terrain features,while topographical feature lines have useless impact on the DEM established by TIN.


Objective To investigate the applicability of Chinese version Stroop color-word test (CWT) in Chinese elderly patients with mild cognitive i mpairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Methods 94 normal elders, 86 amnestic MCI patients and 51 patients with mild AD accepted 8 neuropsychological tests including CWT, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Auditory Verbal L earning Test, etc. MMSE total score of the 3 groups were 28.2±1.5, 26.9±1.9 an d 20.1±2.5, respectively. All participants whose education was above junior hig h school accomplished cranial CT or MRI scan. CWT was consisted of 3 cards with 50 characters and 4 colors each card. The analyzed indexes are composed of every card's reading time, correct number and Stroop interference effects (SIE). R esults Correct score of SIE were found to be significant factor affecting ove rall scores of Trail Making Test and Word Fluency Test in normal elderly group. Word reading was faster than color naming among 3 groups. The sensitivity and th e specificity were respectively 80.4% and 86.2% with the boundary of reading cor rect score (39) of card C. Difference for speed-accuracy tradeoff was found betw een MCI and mild AD. Conclusion The modified CWT is applicable for the Chi nese population. Low correct score of CWT occurred in the patients with MCI and mild AD. There was different interference effect between MCI and mild AD.


Diversification of our country's science talent pool is critically needed and can only be achieved by stimulating interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) among students from a wide variety of cultural backgrounds. However, motivating, increasing the number, improving retention rates, and graduation rates of underrepresented minority (URM) students in STEM disciplines continue to be a major challenge and of active pedagogical interest to historically black colleges and universities (HBCU). Early involvement of URM students in research is a viable strategy to excite minority students in STEM areas. This work reported the use of the Raising Achievement in Mathematics and Science (RAMS) scholar and Summer Undergraduate Research Experience (SURE) programs at Winston-Salem State University (WSSU) as a strategy for promoting and stimulating the interest of URM students in STEM education at a HBCU institution. The influence of the RAMS scholar and SURE programs on the retention rate a...


Modernizing the FDA's 510(k) Pathway More than 90% of FDA-reviewed devices enter the market by means of the 510(k) pathway. In September 2019, the FDA finalized reforms to the pathway. But further ...


The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between attitudes to Wikipedia and six personality traits (extraversion, emotional stability, openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness and cynical hostility) among Polish students. Conscientiousness was negatively related to editing Wikipedia and positive opinions about Wikipedia. Cynical hostility was not related to any specific attitude to Wikipedia. Extraversion and openness to experience were positively related to positive opinions on Wikipedia. The results are inconsistent with previous work and future studies should clarify the divergences. KeywordsOpen Educational Resources, cynical hotility, knowledge sharing, five factor model, Wikipedia, Big Five personality traits


According to the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), more than 36,000 bridges over waterways (riverine and tidal) are identified as having unknown foundations. Unknown bridge foundations pose a significant problem to the assessment of hydraulic and seismic vulnerability and post-hazard evaluation of bridges. In addition, bridge foundations reuse could become a viable option in the replacement of structurally deficient superstructures, potentially providing technical, economic, time and environmental benefits. Characterization and evaluation of existing bridge substructures has become an essential issue for the safety and serviceability of bridges. In recent years experimental modal analysis has become an effective tool for bridge condition assessment and system identification. However, many studies tend to emphasize dynamic testing and analysis of bridge superstructures with little consideration given to bridge substructure and their foundations. In this paper, a 3 non-continuous spans bridge with concrete deck and steel girders is used as a case study to investigate the possibility of characterization and condition evaluation of the substructure system leveraging dynamic testing methods. Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) impact testing and operating modal analysis was operated on one of the piers of this bridge. Corresponding modal identification algorithms including CMIF and Bayesian operational modal analysis method is discussed. Modal parameters, including modal frequencies and mode shapes obtained from two experimental modal analysis methods, are presented and compared.


The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) actively transports Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum to facilitate cardiac muscle relaxation. Phospholamban (PLN) allosterically inhibits SERCA, and an imbalance of SERCA2a, dominant cardiac isoform, and PLN content disrupts Ca2+ homeostasis and cardiac contractility. A previous study has shown that ovariectomized (OVX) rats have reduced SERCA activity due to lowered SERCA2a and increased PLN content. Furthermore, it was found that forced treadmill running in OVX rats restored SERCA activity and protein content levels. Here, we investigated whether voluntary wheel running (VWR) would produce similar effects on cardiac SERCA function in OVX mice. Female mice were divided into the following groups for 8 weeks: SHAM; OVX; SHAM + VWR; and OVX + VWR (n = 10/group). SERCA activity and Ca2+ uptake assays were performed in cardiac muscle homogenates. Protein levels of SERCA2, PLN, and pPLN were determined via Western blot analysis. We found statistical interactions for Ca2+ uptake, maximal SERCA activity, and SERCA2a content where VWR increased these parameters in SHAM mice but not in OVX mice. We detected a main effect of OVX on PLN content, and main effects of OVX and VWR on pPLN content. The OVX mice ran significantly less than the SHAM mice, suggesting that estrogen deprivation and lack of regular exercise may blunt the effects of voluntary aerobic exercise on cardiac SERCA function.


The present disclosure generally relates to data storage devices, and more specifically, to a magnetic media drive employing a magnetic recording head. The head includes a main pole, a trailing shield, and an oscillator located between the main pole and the trailing shield. The oscillator is disposed at a media facing surface (MFS). The oscillator includes a spin-torque layer sandwiched between two distinct spin Hall layers. The two distinct spin Hall layers generate spin-orbit torque (SOT) that induces in-plane precessions on opposite surfaces of the spin-torque layer, and both in-plane precessions are in the same direction. The same-direction in-plane precessions on opposite surfaces of the spin-torque layer reduce the critical current of the oscillation of the oscillator, leading to high quality recording.


This study aims to examine the empirical evidence related to influence of audit fee, audit tenure and client size towards audit quality. The sampling used in this study are manufacturing companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2015 until 2017. Sampling method that use is purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study are 156 samples. Analysis technique used were the regression analysis by IBM SPSS v19. Based on analysis it was found that positive effect audit fee and client size on audit quality. Audit tenure has negative effect on audit quality.


Abstract.  Adult bone tissue is continuously being remodelled and bone mass is maintained by a balance between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Alteration of osteoblastic cell proliferation may account in part for lack of balance between these two processes in bone loss of osteoporosis. There is calcium (Ca2+) control in numerous cellular functions; however, involvement of capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) in proliferation of bone cells is less well investigated. Objectives: The study described here was aimed to investigate roles of CCE in the proliferation of osteoblast‐like MG‐63 cells. Meterials and Methods: Pharmacological characterizations of CCE were undertaken in parallel, with evaluation of the expression of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels and of cell proliferation. Results: Intracellular Ca2+ store depletion by thapsigargin induced CCE in MG‐63 cells; this was characterized by a rapid transient increase of intracellular Ca2+ followed by significant CCE, induced by conditions that stimulated cell proliferation, namely serum and platelet‐derived growth factor. Inhibitors of store‐operated Ca2+ channels (2‐APB and SKF‐96365) prevented CCE, while voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel blockers had no effect. Expression of various TRPC channels was shown in the cells, some having been shown to be responsible for CCE. Voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channel blockers had no effect on osteoblast proliferation while thapsigargin, 2‐APB and SKF‐96395, inhibited it. Cell cycle analysis showed that 2‐APB and SKF‐96395 lengthen the S and G2/M phases, which would account for the reduction in cell proliferation. Conclusions: Our results indicate that CCE, likely attributed to the activation of TRPCs, might be the main route for Ca2+ influx involved in osteoblast proliferation.


This article contextualizes a narrative of ritual affliction from rural Maharashtra within women's experiences of gendered, clan, and caste oppression. A case study of affliction demonstrates and exemplifies how women are socially and ritually categorized as failures in their marital duty (dharma) of being good mothers and wives across caste, through the worship of a popular village goddess, known as the saṭvāī, an ambiguous figure who presides over childbirth in large parts of Maharashtra. Saṭvāī worship produces two social categories of women: 1) mothers of sons, an identity that places women in an esteemed position within patriarchal hierarchy, and 2) the subaltern position of an impure and "child-eating witch," a social condemnation and ritual diagnosis that childless women come to share. The article seeks to question the postcolonial discourse, which describes native religious rituals as healing and foregrounds women's micro-narratives of affliction that subvert ritual descriptions as restorative, revealing these to be located within dominant caste interests and clan consensus.


This paper explores inclusive research design (IRD) as an integral component in what we term community partnership research in the information management and systems field. It aims to unravel the challenges and complexities of the double hermeneutic spiral associated with designing and doing this type of research in order to identify principles and processes appropriate to the engagement of all partners – in the community that provides the setting for the research and in the academy – in the iterative, ongoing design of the research. The research reported in the paper was undertaken within an interpretivist framework, using literary warrant analysis, autoethnography and a second generation grounded theory approach to data analysis. It involved in-depth analysis of our experiences over the last 10 years in community partnership research relating to smart health information portals, including reflection on our particular roles and interests in the research, as well as our changing needs, values and expectations. The paper concludes by presenting an IRD framework for community partnership research in information management and systems.


The educational Pack contains: a reader, containing the materials for lectures, incl. assignments, director's statement, a list of further readings, topics for research or papers; The documentary Ni Hao Holland on DVD. This documentary is about authenticity that is created by some and experienced by others in the field of tourism; Slides on a USB stick that relate to the content of the chapters.


Aims:  Draft criteria for the optional use of qPCR for recreational water quality monitoring have been published in the United States. One concern is that inhibition of the qPCR assay can lead to false‐negative results and potentially inadequate public health protection. We evaluate the effectiveness of strategies for minimizing the impact of inhibition.


Disclosed is a double-mode solar-energy-tracking device including a horizontally-rotating stepping motor. The output shaft of the horizontally-rotating stepping motor is connected to a solar panel support provided with a vertically-rotating stepping motor and a solar-panel rotation shaft. The solar-panel rotation shaft is provided with a solar panel. A control module is connected with a GPS module, and the four sides of the solar panel are each provided with a photosensitive sensor. Through calculation based on the local latitude and longitude and time information obtained by the GPS module, the double-mode solar-energy-tracking device obtains the local altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the sun at the moment and controls the angle and direction of the solar panel through cooperation of the horizontally-rotating stepping motor and the vertically-rotating stepping motor; and the double-mode solar-energy-tracking device can also precisely control the pitching angle and the azimuth angle of the solar panel through the photosensitive sensors on the solar panel so that the sunlight is tracked in a real-time manner through double modes and power generation efficiency of the solar panel is improved.


This paper focuses on the perception gaps among Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, and Philippine in technology transfer and academic-industrial collaboration from the view point of technology management. The authors could find the differences among these countries based on the questionnaire survey. The business activities have been rapidly expanding across country borders with economic globalization. In order to strengthen relationships and fruitfully live together in Asian countries, we need to promote technology transfer and academic-industrial collaboration to grow the local industries. Especially, Thailand Vietnam and Philippine are rapidly developing, and come to play important roles in Asian economy. The authors have conducted research on the real needs and obstacles in this field from the view point of technology management. In order to understand the Asia region comprehensively, it is required to understand cultural background behind such needs and obstacles. To find difference among these countries in technology transfer and academic-industrial collaboration, we have conducted questionnaire survey on these countries. We could collect questionnaires from administrations, universities, companies, etc. As a result, we could extract factors regarding technology transfer and academic-industrial collaboration by factor analysis, and analysis of variance was used to compare means among four countries.


I initiates a branch unit and, by employing a lithium secondary battery. The present invention is a positive electrode plate, the separator, being arranged in the anode plate in order jelly-cell section wound into a roll; and, each electrode lead drawn from the cell section; and, surrounding the outermost side of the cell section, from which the deformation of the cell section the finishing tape to the adhesive layer of a low tack, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is coated polymer film layer to allow release; and a cell addition provides parts that are receiving space, thus the space portion edge having a sealing surface that is heat-sealed case; including as, finishing tape is separated from that by having a material made of an adhesive property, temporarily cell section when deformation of the cell section during the charge-discharge step for. Accordingly, the deformation of the cell section freely doeyeoseo, is the distortion of the cell section does not occur.


When an aerial robot carries a bulky and heavy payload, it suffers from a wavering effect because of the large inertia of the heavy mass of a payload, which can cause a serious crash or fall to the ground.We propose the path-planning algorithm for an aerial robot to pass a narrow space while transporting a bulky payload to resolve the issue. Unlike the existing conventional path-planning method that treats the payload as a point-mass, this paper generates the trajectory considering the shape of a payload and passage size of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). First, we design a map-generation algorithm with the Voronoi diagram by exploiting the fact that the UAV has an ellipsoidal shape in transport operation with a bulky object. The modified map data can be exploited for the global path generation such as A* path-planner. For the rotational motion of the UAV, the heading angle was determined by considering the lengths of the major and minor axes of the ellipse. The global path was optimized based on the elastic band optimization algorithm to solve the jerky motion on the trajectory. Through the simulations and experiments, we validate the efficiency of our algorithm in the environment with the narrow space. Experimental results showed that the proposed path-planning algorithm could be used for safe aerial transportation in realistic environments.


Image thinning methods can be divided into two categories based on the type of image they are designed to thin: binary image thinning and grayscale image thinning. Typically, grayscale images are threshold to allow binary image thinning methods to be applied. However, thresholding grayscale images may introduce uneven object contours that are a difficulty for binary methods. The scale-space approach to image thinning includes scale as an additional dimension where images at scale t are derived from the original image at scale zero by applying the Gaussian filter. As scale increase finer image structure is suppressed. By treating the image as a 3D surface with intensity as the third dimension, the most prominent ridge- line (MPRL) is the union of topographical features: peak, ridge, and saddle point, such that each has greatest contrast with its surroundings. The MPRL is computed by minimizing its second spatial derivative over scale. The result forms a trajectory in scale-space. The thinned image is the projection of the MPRL on the base level. The MPRL has been implemented using the image pyramid data structure, and has been applied to binary and grayscale images of printed characters. Experimental results show that the method is less sensitive to contour unevenness. It also offers the option of choosing different levels of fine structure to include.


Since busbar protection is the cornerstone of smart grid stability, a wireless sensor network (WSN) of distribution busbar protection is presented, and architecture of the WSN and busbar protection principles are proposed in this paper. The fault detection, analysis and judgment of WSN protection owns a unique feature but still has common characteristics with traditional protection scheme. Based on the traveling-wave generated in power system, when a fault occurs, a novel time synchronization scheme is employed to improve the protection performance and accuracy. Simulation results indicate that the scheme can acquire synchronization time and reduce the possibility of mis-operation of WSN based protection.


Title Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system based on recombinant leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL32 expressed by Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris for Leptospira infection in rodents Author(s) 塩川, 愛絵 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(医学) 甲第11933号 Issue Date 2015-06-30 DOI 10.14943/doctoral.k11933 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/62368 Type theses (doctoral) Note 配架番号:2180 File Information Kanae_Shiokawa.pdf


Modern financial markets have experienced fragmentation in lit (displayed) order books as well as an increase in the use of dark (non-displayed) liquidity. Recent dark pool proliferation has raised regulatory and academic concerns about market quality implication. We empirically study the liquidity commonalities in lit and dark venues. We find that compared with lit venues, dark venues proportionally contribute more liquidity to the aggregate market. This is because dark pools facilitate trades that otherwise might not easily have occurred in lit venues when the spread widens and the limit order queue builds up. We also find that informed and algorithmic trading hinder liquidity creation in lit and dark venues. Evidence also suggests that stocks exhibiting low levels of informed trading across the aggregate market drive dark venues' liquidity contribution to the market. JEL classification: G10, G14, G15


Objective To study clinical features, diagnosis and treatment for pericranial sinus in
children. Methods From July 1997 to Aug. 2002, 7 cases (male 5, female 2) with pericranial sinus were
admitted. Their age ranged from 3 months to 16 years with an average of 4. 5 years. The lesions located in
the temporal in 3 cases, the frontal in 2 cases, parietal one and occipital one. The diagnosis was confirmed
by CT and/or MRI (n = 6), and three-dimensional CT (n = 1). The sinus was removed completely with
the diploic blood channels of skull obliterated by bone wax and fibrin sealant. Results The follow-up out-
come from 6 months to 5 years showed no relapse or any complications. Conclusions CT, MRI and 3-D
CT are helpful in the diagnosis of pericranial sinus. Application of sinus removal with bone wax and fibrin
sealant to closure diploic blood channels is suited for medium size of pericranial sinus but without vascular
abnormal communications with the cerebral veins.


The oxidation of alcohols and ethers by O2 with the enzyme laccase, mediated by the stable N-oxyl radical TEMPO, affords carbonylic products. An ionic mechanism is proposed, where a nucleophilic attack of the oxygen lone-pair of the alcohol (or ether) onto the oxoammonium form of TEMPO (generated by laccase on oxidation) takes place leading to a transient adduct. Subsequent deprotonation of this adduct α


1. GREGORY, G.A., KITTERMAN, J.A., PHIBBS, R.H., TOOLEY, W.H. & HAMILTON, W.K. (1971) Treatment of the idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome with continuous positive airway pressure. New England Journal of Medicine, 284, 1333. 2. STEWART, S. EDMUNDS, L.H., KIRKLIN, J.W. & ALLARDE, R.R. (1973) Spontaneous breathing with continuous positive airway pressure after open intra cardiac operations in infants. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 65, 37. 3. PFITZNER, J., BRANTHWAITE, M.A., ENGLISH, I.C.W. & SHINEBOURNE, E.A. (1974) Continuous positive airway pressure: A new system. Anaesthesia, 29, 326,


Hijaiyah letter is the letter of constituent words in the Qur'an. Hijaiyah letter consists of 28 letters, with the letters symbolize consonant to vowel sounds while denoted by harokat / punctuation. Hijaiyah letter is part of the Arabic language that has characteristics both in writing and speech. Speech recognition system or voice recognition system is a system used to process voice signals into data that can be recognized by the computer [1]. To be able to do the voice recognition feature extraction methods are needed (feature extraction) and classifier. Sound signal that has been extracted character then generate information that can be analyzed for each variation existing voice signal. Of the characteristics that exist in each phoneme try to recognize it and convert it into text [2]. Methods of extraction of the characteristics used in this final project is Linear Predicitive Coding (LPC), then the feature generated from LPC quantized of each vector using the K-Means Clustering and for the classifier used when training and testing is the method of Hidden Markov Model (HMM). After several test scenarios obtained the best accuracy for testing is 58.93% and training is 99.60% with data 28 class.


Proxy cache located at base station is helpful for improving performance of wireless multimedia streaming. In this paper we propose a cooperative proxy cache architecture, MobileCache, for cell-based wireless environment. The proxies cooperate to provide seamless streaming for wireless client even when the client crosses the cell boundary. In order to improve the efficiency for MobileCache, we develop a cache cooperation management scheme, including cache replacement, cache migration and cache replication, which maximize the revenue for MobileCache. Simulation results confirm that, by employing the cache cooperation management, MobileCache achieves higher performance than other cache management schemes.


Rotman lenses are attractive candidates for use in beam forming networks (BFNs) for satellitebased direct radiating arrays. This paper will review the basic design equations for a Rotman lens and will describe Rotman lens synthesis and analysis software developed by the author. The synthesis tool, named RLDESIGN, is written in MATLAB to automatically and rapidly solve the Rotman lens equations and interactively display the resulting lens geometry and performance parameters. It features a full graphical user interface customized to easily design, tune, and optimize a Rotman lens for a given application. The more rigorous analysis tool, named NARL (Numerical Analysis of Rotman Lens), is written in MATLAB and Fortran 95 and is based on a boundary integral/surface integral hybrid formulation. NARL uses a unique wide-band expansion of the parallel plate Green's function to enable rapid analysis of the lens for a large number of frequencies. To demonstrate the accuracy of the codes, comparisons are presented of the predictions of both RLDESIGN and NARL to measurements on a prototype Rotman lens.


This chapter disputes the widespread belief that technological developments have made us "all journalists now". While accepting that blogging and independent online news sites challenge both established perceptions of journalism and supposedly authoritative journalistic accounts of the world, we argue that they have clear differences from established journalistic norms, most notably in their commitment to the 'truth'. We agree that blogs are a valuable addition to the public sphere and potentially offer the opportunity of a more bottom-up and participatory democracy. However, the rise of blogs on established news sites and the increasing use of user-generated content on those sites suggest a colonisation of the blogosphere by mainstream journalism. To a large extent, the professionals have maintained their gatekeeping role in the new environment and have become the arbiters, ethical guides and role models for the many amateurs using the new technology. While we conclude that anyone who commits to the professional norms we outline has the right to call themselves a 'journalist', regardless of their organisational status or the platform on which they deliver authoritative content, the crude generalisation that all bloggers are 'journalists' cannot (and should not) be supported. Journalism is too important to cheapen in this way.


For-profit hospitals in California contract out services much more intensely than either public hospitals or private nonprofit hospitals. To explain why, we build a model in which the outsourcing decision is a trade-off between net revenues and some nonmonetary benefit to the manager, which we call "bias" in the manner of production. Since nonprofit firms must consume profits indirectly, they trade off differently than for-profit firms. This difference is exaggerated in services where nonmonetary benefits are particularly important but minimized when the firm is hit with a fixed-cost shock. We test these predictions in a panel of California hospitals, finding evidence for each. These results suggest that a model of public or nonprofit make-or-buy decisions should be more than a simple relabeling of a model derived in the for-profit context.


Enhanced fast reroute mechanism provides a fault coverage was increased to multicast communication network. Network node detects a fault, the network node when determining that it can not reroute the multicast data, transmits the downstream fast notification packet (DFNP) in the network. The DFNP is downstream merge node, to switch the reception of the multicast data to the secondary path. Thereafter, the network node receives the upstream high-speed notification packet (UFNP) from the merge node. The network node in response to reception of the UFNP, a downstream UFNP via the down stream is received from the downstream, so that the multicast data is received by the network node, the transfer to modify the information. The DFNP and the UFNP are in the multicast data, reversing the flow direction between said network node and said merge node. .FIELD 3B


IW And was discovered as a unique blue variable, which spends 72% of time in "inactive" state, and was only occasionally observed in bright or faint states. Although the past spectroscopy confirmed that the object is a cataclysmic variable (CV), the object has been regarded as significantly different from the known subclasses of CVs. We observed IW And on 55 nights between 2001 December 6 and 2002 March 25. These observations clearly indicate that the object is a Z Cam-type dwarf nova. The duty cycle of standstill in IW And is exceptionally high among Z Cam stars. IW And is apparently the first object to fill the gap between classical Z Cam stars and novalike (NL) stars.


The level of fee remissions offered by private schools bears upon the scope for relying on private schools to provide public benefit. Analyses of education voucher systems have generally ignored the possibility that they will partially crowd out school-financed fee remissions. Moreover, variation in fee remissions between private schools may be directed more strongly by either market pressures or by a school's sense of charitable mission. These possibilities are addressed in this study using data gathered from audited school accounts and websites of private schools in England.


The Covid-19 pandemic is a virus that is dangerous to humans. All segments of human life are disrupted, without exception education. Many countries have decided to close schools, colleges and universities, including Indonesia. The incidence of Covid 19 is increasing every day, the latest data from the Riau Provincial Health Office  as of May 29, 2021, namely Pekanbaru 26,442 cases, Kampar 4054 cases, Palelawan 1776 cases, Indragiri Hulu 2675 cases, Indragiri Hilir 1492 cases, Dumai 5612 cases, Kap Meranti 826 cases, Bengkalis 3801 cases, Siak 4400 cases, Kuansing Singingi 2097 cases, Rokan Hilir, Rokan Hulu 1971 cases. This study aims to determine the effect of strengthening knowledge in the Pandemic era on community behavior on campus, which was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by using the Chi Square test. ). Most of the respondents' behavior about COVID-19 was in the good category, namely 56 respondents (52.8%). Chi Square test on the knowledge and behavior of respondents showed the value of p value = 0.020 (p <0.05). From these results it can be concluded that there is a relationship between respondents' knowledge and COVID-19 prevention behavior in the community. Knowledge plays an important role in determining complete behavior because knowledge will form beliefs which then in perceiving reality, providing a basis for decision making and determining behavior towards specific object
Keywords: Strengthening Knowldege, Community Behaviour, Pandemic Era


The classification of open source used at domestic and abroad is divided into hardware and software. This classification is simply limited to the physical and local distinction, people know that it cannot be operated or utilized independently. In the past, there have been many open source activities against commercial software, however, in recent years, activities in the field that commercial software cannot cover become active rather than developing software corresponding to commercial software. Accordingly, there has been the opinion that as the number of users has dramatically increased, open source software would be more practical than commercial software, and thus open source software took the lead in the application of new technology. Currently, various commercial software developers introduce open source concepts to develop softwares that are easy for many users to access, there are many presentations aligned with new advanced technology, and the government supports much for open source development and introduction. However, in introducing open source software with new technology by groups or organizations, various considerations such as technological, financial, periodical, and environmental factors should be taken, and those factors have not been studied, thus research is necessary at this time.


INTRODUCTION.................................................................. 406 NUTRITION OF PATHOGENIC YEASTS............................................ 407 Candida...................................................................... 407 Vitamin requirements....................................................... 407 Amino acid requirements.................................................... 407 Factors influencing dimorphism ............................................. 407 Agents demonstrating beneficial or deleterious effects on growth ................ 408 Assimilation patterns....................................................... 408 Cryptococcus ..................................................... 408 Vitamin and amino acid requirements ....................................... 408 Agents demonstrating beneficial or deleterious effects on growth ................ 408 Assimilation patterns ..................................................... 409 NUTRITION OF DIMORPHIC FUNGI ............................................... 409 Blastomyces ..................................................... 409 Vitamin requirements ..................................................... 409 Amino acid requirements.................................................... 409 Factors influencing dimorphism............................................. 409 Physical requirements ..................................................... 410 Agents demonstrating beneficial or deleterious effects on growth ................ 410 Assimilation patterns ..................................................... 410 Similarity of the species .................................................... 410 Coccidioides..................................................... 411 Vitamin and amino acid requirements ....................................... 411 In vitro cultivation of parasitic form......................................... 411 Agents demonstrating beneficial or deleterious effects on growth ................ 412 Vaccine preparation ..................................................... 412 Metabolic properties of spherules ............................................ 412 Assimilation patterns....................................................... 412 Histoplasma..................................................... 413 Vitamin requirements....................................................... 413 Amino acid requirements.................................................... 413 Physical requirements ..................................................... 413 Factors influencing dimorphism ............................................. 413 Agents demonstrating beneficial or deleterious effects on growth ................ 413 Assimilation patterns .................................................. 414 Sporotrichum..................................................... 414 Vitamin requirements....................................................... 414 Amino acid requirements.................................................... 414 Factors influencing dimorphism ............................................. 414 Agents demonstrating beneficial or deleterious effects on growth ................ 414 Assimilation patterns ..................................................... 415 NUTRITION OF DEMATIACEOUS FUNGI ........................................... 415 NUTRITION OF ALLESCHERIA (MONOSPORIUM) .................................... 416 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................... 416 LITERATURE CITED............. 421


Abstract : With the goal of protecting computer and networked systems from various attacks, the following intrusion detection techniques were developed and tested using the 1998 and 2000 MIT Lincoln Lab Evaluation Data: Exponentially Weighted Moving Average techniques for autocorrelated and uncorrelated data to detect anomalous changes in the audit event intensity; a learning and inference algorithm based on a first-order Markov chain model of a normal profile for anomaly detection; two multivariate statistical process control techniques based on chi-square and Canberra distance metrics for anomaly intrusion detection; the technique of probabilistic networks with undirected links to represent the symmetric relations of audit event types during normal activities, build a long-term profile of normal activities, and then perform anomaly detection; and Decision tree techniques to automatically learn intrusion signatures, and to classify information system activities into normal or intrusive for producing useful intrusion warning information. Finally, this report presents a research prototype of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) integrating the intrusion detection techniques and a process model of a computer and network system.


Objective To study the mechanism of NiSO 4,K 2CrO 7,CoCl 2 and the mixture to damage liver of mice in order to provide theoretical evidence for preventing and curing joint toxicity of the mixture.Methods Several groups of mice were exposed respectively to NiSO 4,K 2Cr 2O 7,CoCl 2 at dose of 2.5,0.14,0.41 mg/kg and a mixture of them at 0 09,0.17 mg/kg according to the ores percentage of average content(Ni∶Cr∶Co=0 26∶0 30∶0 02) in the Jinchuan area through intraperitoneal injection for 10 days.Liver cell spare slurry and cell membrane were prepared to assess the activity of Ca 2+ -ATP ase ,CaM,MDA and SOD with enzyme and biochemical assay.Results The enzyme activity of Ca 2+ -ATP ase and SOD were inhabited and the content of CaM decreased and meanwhile MDA was increased by NiSO 4,K 2Cr 2O 7,CoCl 2 and the mixture.In addition,the mixture toxicity were stronger than that of NiSO 4,K 2Cr 2O 7,CoCl 2 lonely.Conclusion The mixture could cause joint toxicity in the body of mice and inhabit the activity of Ca 2+ -ATP ase and decrease the content of CaM and increase the peroxidation function of liver cell membrane so as to damage the liver.However,the mechanism of joint toxicity on the mixture should be studied further.


This paper presents an intensive research on a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) motor and a new mechanism for power conversion based on continuous developments pursued since 2000. In fact, various structures have been proposed to operate more than two DOFs from one point of action, and their control methods have been thoroughly studied. As a result, the interpretations of both multiple DOFs to drive the motor and the operating characteristics have been considerably improved, but few applications of the motor have been developed. Practically and widely studied applications for this type of motor can include unmanned aerial vehicles, such as multi-copters and drones, whose operation can be enhanced by using multi-DOF motors. This paper details the investigation of the generic technology underlying these motors and a novel hybrid multi-DOF motor with improved tilting torque, practicality, and control for applications requiring actuation on more than two DOFs. Specifically, we present the electromagnetic separation of the rotation and tilt drives to simplify manufacturability and control. In addition, we describe the characteristics of various tilt actuators to increase the tilt torque. We designed, fabricated, and tested the proposed hybrid multi-DOF motor to verify its performance, and projected its application in a multi-copter.


Weakness in the governance component within a flood management system will jeopardize the works of the system as a whole. Specific to flood management, poor governance reflects weakness in tracking and monitoring of flood activities and systems, poor mitigation of flood risk, and non-optimal use of given (as well as investment) resources. This study proposes a governance framework to govern the flood disaster in Malaysia. The Control Objective for Information and Related Technologies, Hyogo Framework for Action, and Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction principles were used as guiding principles for the development of the proposed framework. A qualitative field study was deployed for the identification of baseline practices in governing the flood in Malaysia. As a result, Governance for Flood Disaster framework which consist of ten (10) building blocks components were constructed. It is hoped that further studies can be undertaken to develop and establish each of the components within the framework and that the framework itself can be further tested and improved over time.


To keep the proper orientation of the satellite is an essential issue for most space missions. However, tumbling motion of a satellite after separation from the launcher is inevitable and thus the de-tumbling is the first task of the attitude control system of a satellite. Cubesats, one of the nano-class satellites, are defined by Calpoly with masses less than 10kg. A team in National Formosa University is developing a 2-U Cubesat, named as NUTSat, to promote the aviation safety. The cubesat will carry a ADS-B receiver as the main payload to collect the flight information of civil aircraft beneath the orbit. An attitude control system of the cubesat is designed to perform the detumbling and attitude control and keep the ADS-B antenna towards to the earth. The cubesat has two magnetic torquers and one coil to interact with the earth's magnetic field to generate proper torques to change the attitude. A three-axis magnetic sensor is used to estimate the satellite's orientation. At this phase, the de-tumbling has been validated by simulation. Further attitude pointing controller design is undergoing.


The increased frequency and use of sphincter sparing operations after low anterior resections have been greatly facilitated with the use of the circular anastomosing stapler. The introduction of the premium CEEA TM circular stapling device with a detachable anvil and stem, as well as a removable trocar, now makes it possible to eliminate the ramaining purse-string suture, and quite easily fashion a triple stapled Baker-type anastomosis after a low anterior resection


There are many Out-Of-Vocabulary words in Uyghur-Chinese machine translation,a large part of them are loan words(including person names,place names,et.al).This paper presents a novel method that recognition the Chinese loan words in Uyghur according to the feature that one loan word pronounce similar with its original word.This method training the existing corpus first,and getting the Uyghur Latin rules that use to recognize Chinese loan word in Uyghur;this paper Latin the Uyghur words according to the rules,Romanization of Chinese words,these transform the sounds similarity to strings similarity which is easy to quantification;proposed three models:Positionrelated Minimum Edit Distance model,Weighted Common Subsequence model and the fusion model that fused above two with parameters.The experimental results show that the fusion model considering strings' global similarity and local similarity,so it gets the best recognition results.


The fiber optic Sagnac interferometer is well established as a sensor for detection of physical perturbations such as acoustic and vibration. In this paper acoustic signals generated in the cylindrical cavity submerged in transformer oil were measured by the fiber optic sensor array in one Sagnac loop. Two different external sound frequencies, and , were applied to the sensor array simultaneously by using piezoelectric with frequency range from 5 kHz to 90 kHz. Based on the experimental results, fiber optic sensor detected harmonic series of applied sound frequency such as , , , , , . Suggested fiber optic sensor array can be applied to monitor physical quantities such as internal sound pressure and vibration due to partial discharge in the real electric transformer system.


Introduction: Several special staining methods are available for H. pylori (Hp) identification in histological sections of chronic gastritis (CG), including the routine hematoxylin-eosin (HE) method. Some reports suggest that ancillary stains are not always needed to establish the diagnosis of Hp infection. In addition, the benefit of using them, when biopsies show minimal inflammation, is not clear. Objective: We performed a retrospective study to compare the usefulness of HE with Giemsa method for the histopathological diagnosis of Hp in tissue sections. Methods: Histological sections from 390 consecutive patients were reviewed. The patients were registered in the histopathology laboratory of Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brasil. They were divided in 4 groups according to the gastric inflammatory changes as follows: Group I, gastric mucosa with normal morphology or minimal inflammatory changes (n = 146); Group II, chronic gastritis (CG) with mild inflammatory activity (n = 101); Group III, CG with patent inflammatory activity (n = 123); Group IV, patients with atrophic body gastritis (n = 20). All histological sections were carefully evaluated by 2 examiners at the oil immersion objective (1000×). Results: The identification of Hp was positive by Giemsa and HE, respectively at: Group III, 111 (90.2%) and 93 (75.6%) patients (p < 0.01); Group II, 43 (42.6%) and 29 (28.7%) patients (p < 0.05). Hp was negative in Groups I and IV. Conclusion: The results show that Giemsa stain is superior to HE for histological identification of Hp in CG. Although Hp could be identified by HE stain in the majority of CG cases, a significant number of infected patients may be neglected, regardless the intensity of the inflammatory response.


The developed economy of the future can be predicted with enough accuracy as a global economy. A democratic and efficient policy is without any doubt regional and local. Taking into account the fact that the economic growth in EU does not exceed the average of 2,4% (calculated from the real GDP) under normal economic circumstances and taking into account that the United States reached the current average level of GDP/capita in EU from 1985 we can say that in this moment EU needs a distinct competitive pattern in order to "overcome the stages". In order to achieve this, Europe needs to adapt to the tactical growth factors nowadays – to the technological innovation and the cost reduction of the main competitors, to the achievement of the desideratum of the Union, which are growing and developing according to a completely new paradigm, with a regional horizon, thus representing an innovative approach. On the other hand, the contemporary development entered in the last years under the auspices of sustainability. Even since the adoption of the United Nations Brundtland Report from 1987, the coordinates of the economic activity were shed in a new light. The constraints of the economic growth in harmony with a renewable environment, turned this problem into a "countervailing" one that is between prosperity and sustainability. Nowadays, this vision is no longer acceptable for at least three reasons. Globalization, climate changes and the reduction of the development disparities, respectively the living standard for a significant part of the planet lead inevitably to new clustered development paradigms.


Over the years, the socio-environmental concept has grown through programs, conferences and several activities that have been held in Brazil and worldwide. Sustainability and social responsibility are now an integral part of everyday life of organizations The Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), which is the focus of this research, is committed to the improvement of Brazilian quality of life. Based on IPEN ́s mission, and due to the lack of tools for assessing socio-environmental actions, this research aims to propose an assessment tool for social responsibility, which may also be a methodological resource committed to the improvement of the Institute. Through indicators and dimensions, a methodology to assess social responsibility and identify both strengths and weaknesses was designed. The methodology was administered to IPEN, and the results demonstrated positive aspects regarding actions towards the internal publics and negative aspects towards the external publics that require improvement. The results obtained were satisfactory. Nevertheless, as the subject of this study is a broad theme, further studies are suggested. IPEN ́s board may use the results of this research as a tool to help them identify feasible socio-environmental actions to be implemented in the institute. 2 IPEN is a State of São Paulo autarchy, associated to the University of São Paulo – USP for educational purposes and supported and operated technically and administratively by the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN), a federal agency of the Ministry of Science and Technology. CNEN is a federal agency created in October 10, 1956 and under the Ministry of Science and Technology. As top planning agency, guidance, supervision and inspection, standards and regulations on radiation protection and licenses, supervises and controls the nuclear activity in Brazil. CNEN also conducts research on the use of nuclear techniques for the benefit of society (CNEN ATIVIDADES, 2012).


Periodontitis is a plaque induced host inflammatory response characterized by tissue destruction and alveolar bone loss.The extent of the alveolar bone loss depends on the host response stimulated by bacterial infection. Alveolar bone loss is a hallmark of periodontitis progression and its prevention is a key clinical challenge in periodontal disease treatment. Bone destruction is mediated by the host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge. Bisphosphonates are widely utilized in the management of systemic metabolic bone disease due to their ability to inhibit bone resorption.Their affinity to bone and their ability to increase osteoblastic differentiation and inhibit osteoclast activity, leads to the possible use of bisphosphonates in the management and regulation of periodontal diseases. The aim of this review is to assess the potential applications of Bisphosphonates in the management of periodontal disease.


Sumoylation is an important post‐translational modification that provides a rapid and reversible means for controlling the activity, subcellular localization, and stability of target proteins. We have examined the covalent attachment of the small ubiqutin‐like modifier (SUMO) proteins to a consensus sequence ([psi]KXE) on the soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2; sEH) enzyme. This enzyme has epoxide hydrolase activity on the C‐terminal domain and a phosphatase activity on the N‐terminus. Polymorphism in EPHX2 have been recently discovered (K55R) that is associated with risk of incident of coronary heart disease events. Interestingly, features of the sEH N‐terminal catalytic site showing a consensus site for SUMOylation (VKEP) with lysine residue at position 160. This and another human‐specific site of SUMOylation (MKGE with lysine residue at position 55), suggest a post‐translational modification and regulatory mechanism of sEH by SUMOylation. Our primary aim of this study was to determine whether sEH can be in vitro SUMOylated and defines its regulatory role of SUMOylation in its both C and N‐terminus activity. Indeed, SUMOylated process catalyzes the formation of polymeric chains of SUMO‐2 and SUMO‐3 on sEH in vitro, and was detected in vivo. We also identified the SUMOylated site on the sEH sequence and revealed its regulatory mechanism. Supported by NIEHS Grant R37 ES02710, NIEHS SBRP Grant P42 ES04699.


1. The principal mediators of vascular tone are neural, endothelial and ph ysical stimuli that result in the initiation of dilator and constrictor responses to f acilitate the control of blood pressure. Tw o primary vasodilatory stimuli produced by the endothelium are nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins. An additional endothelium dependent vasodilatory mechanism is characterized as the hyperpolarization mediated relaxation that remains after the inhibition of the synthesis of NO and prostaglandins. This mechanism is due to the action of a so-called endotheliumderived hyperpolarizing f actor (EDHF) and is dependent on either the release of dif fusible factor(s) and/or to a direct contact-mediated mechanism. 2. Most evidence supports the concept that 'EDHF' activity is dependent on contact-mediated mechanisms. This involves the transfer of an endothelium-deri v d electrical current, as an endothelium-deri v d hyperpolarization (EDH), through direct heterocellular coupling of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs). However, there is a lack of consensus with re gard to the nature and mechanism of action of EDHF/EDH (EDH(F)), which has been shown to v ary within and between v ascular beds, as well as among species, strains, se x and during development, ageing and disease. 3. In addition to actual heterogeneity in EDH(F), further heterogeneity has resulted from the less than optimal design, analysis and interpretation of data in some key papers in the EDHF literature; with such views being perpetuated in the subsequent literature. 4. The focus of this brief re view is to examine what factors are proposed as EDH(F), and highlight the correlati ve structural and functional studies from our laboratory that demonstrate an integral role for MEGJs in the conduction of EDH which account for the heterogeneity in EDH(F); whilst incorporating the reported dif fusible mechanisms in the regulation of this acti vity. Furthermore, in addition to the reported heterogeneity in the nature and mechanism of action of EDH(F), the contribution of experimental design and technique to this heterogeneity will be examined. What is EDH(F)?


The survival rate of breast cancer patients has increased due to the advancements in the treatment of the disease. These include the use of newer and more effective drugs. There are various types of breast cancer, which can be treated through different methods. Currently, there are numerous studies that are focused on developing a better understanding of this disease. In order to improve the classification of breast cancer, a new machine learning algorithm is proposed. This method uses support vector machine learning to enhance the performance of existing models. The proposed model can rectify the inconsistencies in the existing breast cancer dataset and improve its performance. It can also create a high-quality Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) data set. The proposed model can then predict the likelihood of a patient developing breast cancer. It can also diagnose the patient based on the data collected. The researchers were able to test the proposed model against several machine learning models. They were able to achieve high accuracy levels.


Surface propensity of atmospherically relevant carboxylates and alkyl ammonium ions studied by XPS : towards a building-block model of surface propensity based on Langmuir adsorption


Use three point bending test to measure the bending strength of WC-Co cemented carbide,and observe its metallographic structure at the same time.Moreover this paper come to a conduction about how the average grain size affect it's bending strength by three point bending test and metallographic test,and make linear regression analysis by SPSS 16.0.Formulate a function relation between bending strength and metallographic structure of cemented carbide.Find a nondestructure testing method on bending strength of WC-Co cemented carbide.


Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) simulations are presented for co-rotating vortices with distributed vorticity at different values of the separation distance b0. The ratio between the vortices' radius a0 and b0 is smaller than the critical value a0∕b0≈0.30 for merging in inviscid conditions of blobs of constant vorticity. The dependence of merging on Reynolds number and on a0∕b0 has been investigated in 2D simulations. In 2D the resolution can be increased to perform simulations at Re=30000 when very long filaments are generated. These simulations confirm the findings of Brandt and Nomura [L. K. Brandt and K. K. Nomura, Phys. Fluids 18, 51701 (2006)] that the filaments play a minor role in merging. It has been found that a large increase of ∣P∣max (P is the pressure) indicates merging. Time evolving 3D simulations at Re=3000, are similar to the laboratory experiments by Meunier and Leweke [P. Meunier and T. Leweke, J. Fluid Mech. 533, 125 (2005)]. At the same values of a0∕b0 as used in 2D, ...


1Assistant Professor, Dept. of civil Engineering, UIT-RGPV Bhopal, MP, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract — Use of super-fine or ultra fine fly ash in mortar and concrete is recent trend. Recently IS allows up to 30% replacement of cement. Ultra-fine fly ash can be used for higher replacement of cement and depending upon the strength properties the structural suitable application can also be further decided. Therefore it can be said that there is a need of research and investigation in this particular area to understand the most beneficial and economical features of the UFFA modified mortar. This study investigates the use of ultrafine fly ash for high volume (30-50%) replacement of cement to assess the compressive strength of 1:3 and 1:4.5 mortar. Result showed that significant reduction in Ordinary Portland cement can be achieved using UFFA for cement replacement in mortar with higher and same level performance. Maximum increase in compressive strength at the age of 28 days for 1:3 mortar and 1:4.5 mortars was found 40 % and 30 % respectively. After that there is decrease in compressive strength but it is equal to the compressive strength of mortar with 0 % UFFA.


In recent years,with rapid demand for high-speed data transmission,optical transmission network,as a core of backbone transmission network,develops by leaps and bounds and SDH transmission equipment has been widely used in optical transmission network.Huawei,as the second largest communication equipment manufacturer in the world,owns relatively large market share,application of Metro 1000 of Huawei SDH transmission equipment to optical fiber communication courses and experiments not only consolidates the theoretical knowledge learned in classroom but also promotes practical manual ability and design ability of the students,and relatively better experiment effect is obtained.


In order to realize the intellectualization and visualization of disaster emergency, the research on intelligent reasoning of emergency preparedness relate to the spatial information has become a hotspot at present. A geographical case reasoning (GCR) model of integrating case-based reasoning(CBR) and rule-based reasoning(RBR) based on geography information system(GIS) was designed in this paper, and geographic index method, similarity method, case index and match method were established. Finally, the model was applied in the disasters emergency intelligent system of a pipeline company, and the case study showed that GCR model was feasible.