(A) at least 30 weight Fischer-Tropsch weight ratio of carbon atoms 60 or more compounds and 30 carbon atoms or more compounds in the product is at least 0.2, and Fischer-Tropsch compounds in the product percent and step, (b) 1 or more gas oil fractions the product of step (a) to hydrocracking / hydroisomerisation the Fischer-Tropsch product is a compound of more than 30 carbon atoms, group oil precursor fraction, separating into a high boiling fraction, step (c) step the obtained base oil precursor fraction performing pour point reducing treatment in (b), and step (d) (c) by separating the effluent stream into two or more base oil grades, a method of manufacturing a gas oil two or more lubricating base oil grades.


This text utilizes the theories of histology,from the viewpoint of the form and the technique,indicates the advantage and harm of the construction of organize of the traditional layer,at the same time,the text indicates the trend of the modern organization. With the way of comparative to analyze the characteristic and the basic principle of the process organization. Finally the text designs an abstract model of the process organization.


Glucose measuring of broilers concluded that broilers undertaken by cachexia have had a levei glucose inside of normality and contrai broilers have had slight hypoglycemia, which was compared to the high feeding conversion of the contrai group.


Summary Introduction: One of the oldest and useful operations in the armamentarium of surgical techniques for the general surgeon is inguinal hernia repair, with more than 10 different ways de- scribed for its correction. The aim of this study is to report the experience obtained with the employment of Lichtenstein tech- nique in 510 consecutive inguinal hernia repairs at the Hospi- tal General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Mexico City. Material and methods: The outcomes of 510 Lichtenstein inguinal hernias repair 470 patient were prospectively ana- lyzed during a period of time between January 1996 to Jan- uary 2001. The variables analyzed with descriptive statistics were age, gender, type of hernia, morbility, mortality, recur- rence, operative time, hospital stay, and long-term recurrence. Results: We performed inguinal repair in 400 male and seven- ty female patients, average age 47 years, range, 16 to 89 years. Forty patients presented bilateral hernia; thus, we carried out 510 procedures, 440 primary hernias and 70 recurrent. There were 15 seromas (2.9%), four infections (0.7%), and five he- matomas (0.9%), and three recurrences (0.5%). Operating time was 65 min for primary hernias and 80 min for recurrent, with 125 min for bilateral hernias. Hospital stay was 24 h. Discussion: Lichtenstein technique for repairing inguinal her- nia is a safe procedure and easily performed; with a low in- dex of morbidity and recurrence, applicable to any kind of inguinal hernia, and a short hospital stay.


This study focused on the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) effect on microbial activity and fouling potential in submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AMBRs).Three submerged AMBRs were operated at HRT of 14, 16, and 20 days with polypropylene U-shaped hollow fiber microfiltration membranes (nominal pore size = 0.45 μm; effective filtration area = 0.003 m2). Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial production (SMP) production increased as HRT was decreased from 20 to 14 days: from 24.2 to 29.4 mg/g volatile suspended solids (VSS), from 105.2 to 357.1 mg dissolved organic carbon (DOC)/L, respectively. Although high production of EPS and SMP at short HRT caused high cake resistance, it improved soluble COD removal effi ciency by preventing small particles or macromolecules from passing through the membrane. Microbial floc in sludge showed similar resistance values regardless of HRT, while colloids and solutes had higher fouling potential than microbial floc, and this trend w...


The article gathers the hitherto known visual and written sources regarding the baptistery of the Romanesque cathedral in Dubrovnik, along with some new evidence drawn primarily from the documentation of its demolition in the early 1830s. Comparative analysis of the relevant sources contributes to the knowledge of its appearance (notably the articulation of the baptistery interior with a shallow segmented ribbed dome). The author suggests a link not only between the Dubrovnik baptistery and the formal models from the episcopal centres of the Po Plain (Parma), but also with a more general concept of the rite of Easter baptism developed in the communes of medieval Italy. Source comparison helps establish the chronology of the different functions of this building, from the initial belfry, documented baptismal function at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century, to that of a church with the regular liturgy once the baptismal ceremony was transferred to the cathedral itself.


This policy brief is based on a workshop 'Collaborating Towards an Age-Friendly Northern Ireland' which was held in Belfast City Hall on 7 October 2014. Jointly organised by the ARK Ageing Programme and Linking Generations NI, the event brought together practitioners, policy makers and researchers to explore how we can work together to create an age-friendly Northern Ireland. The aim of the event was to assess the usefulness of different approaches to age-friendly work, and of intergenerational practice in particular.


There is increasing interest in the use of biological control agents (BCAs) and plant resistance stimulants to suppress botrytis bunch rot in grapes, caused by Botrytis cinerea. Numerous different filamentous fungi, bacteria and yeasts have been selected as potential BCAs for control of grey mould based upon demonstrated antagonism towards B. cinerea. Biological suppression of the pathogen arises via competition for nutrients and space, the production of inhibitory metabolites and/or parasitism. Preformed and inducible grapevine defence mechanisms also contribute to disease suppression by preventing or delaying pathogenic infection. Furthermore, various biotic and abiotic agents can stimulate grapevine defence mechanisms and so elevate resistance to B. cinerea infection. Biosuppression of B. cinerea in vineyards, using BCAs and resistance stimulants, has been inconsistent when compared with that observed in controlled glasshouse or laboratory conditions. This may be attributable, in part, to the innate variability of the field environment. Research to improve field efficacy has focused on formulation improvement, the use of BCA mixtures and combinational approaches involving BCAs and plant resistance stimulants with complementary modes of action.


Objective To optimize the extracting technics for isolating total alkaloids and dehydrocavidin from Corydalis saxicola Bunting by orthogonal design. Methods Corydalis saxicola Bunting was extracted with ethanol or acid by reflux and percolation,respectively. Then the four factors caused the quantity and concentration of solvents,extracting time and frequency were optimized. Results The ethanol refluxing process was better than other processes for isolating total alkaloids and dehydrocavidin from Corydalis saxicola Bunting. The optimal condition was as follows:extracted the crude drug with 10 times more 75% ethanol for 3 times (120 min/time). Conclusion This optimized extraction process is simple,stable and feasible.


The chopper rectifier system converts AC power to DC power. The system rectifies AC power by utilizing a step-down transformer and unregulated diode rectifier to provide a bulk DC bus. The chopper circuit modulates the current from the bulk DC bus to provide a regulated output. This paper describes how DC-chopper systems have many operational benefits over conventional diode or thyristor rectifiers.


Bioscaffolds have been successfully used to improve the healing of ligaments and tendons. In a rabbit model, the application of porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) to the healing medial collateral ligament (MCL) resulted in improved mechanical properties with the formation of larger collagen fibrils. Thus, the objective of the study was to find out whether the SIS bioscaffold could improve the gene expressions of fibrillogenesis‐related molecules, specifically, collagen types I, III, V, and small leucine‐rich proteoglycans including decorin, biglycan, lumican, and fibromodulin, as well as collagen fibril morphology and organization, in the healing rabbit MCL at an early time point (6 weeks postinjury). Twenty skeletally mature rabbits were equally divided into two groups. In the SIS‐treated group, a 6‐mm gap was surgically created and a layer of SIS was sutured to cover the gap, whereas the gap was left open in the nontreated group. At 6 weeks postinjury, Masson's trichrome staining showed that the SIS‐treated group had more regularly aligned collagen fibers and cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the SIS‐treated group had larger collagen fibrils with a diameter distribution from 24 to 120 nm, whereas the nontreated group had only small collagen fibrils (ranging from 26 to 87 nm, p < 0.05). Finally, the quantitative real‐time PCR showed that the mRNAs of collagen type V, decorin, biglycan, and lumican in the SIS‐treated group were 41, 58, 51, and 43% lower than those in the nontreated group, respectively (p < 0.05). Such significant reduction in the gene expressions are closely related to the improved morphological characteristics, which are known to be coupled with better mechanical properties, as previously reported in longer term studies. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1098–1104, 2008


Over the last two decades, we have seen a dramatic improvement in the efficiency of conflict-driven clause-learning Boolean satisfiability (CDCL SAT) solvers on industrial problems from a variety of domains. The availability of such powerful general-purpose search tools as SAT solvers has led many researchers to propose SAT-based methods for cryptanalysis, including techniques for finding collisions in hash functions and breaking symmetric encryption schemes. Most of the previously proposed SAT-based cryptanalysis approaches are blackbox techniques, in the sense that the cryptanalysis problem is encoded as a SAT instance and then a CDCL SAT solver is invoked to solve the said instance. A weakness of this approach is that the encoding thus generated may be too large for any modern solver to solve efficiently. Perhaps a more important weakness of this approach is that the solver is in no way specialized or tuned to solve the given instance. To address these issues, we propose an approach called CDCL(Crypto) (inspired by the CDCL(T) paradigm in Satisfiability Modulo Theory solvers) to tailor the internal subroutines of the CDCL SAT solver with domain-specific knowledge about cryptographic primitives. Specifically, we extend the propagation and conflict analysis subroutines of CDCL solvers with specialized codes that have knowledge about the cryptographic primitive being analyzed by the solver. We demonstrate the power of this approach in the differential path and algebraic fault analysis of hash functions. Our initial results are very encouraging and reinforce the notion that this approach is a significant improvement over blackbox SAT-based cryptanalysis.


In this paper, we investigate the relationship between financial development and economic growth in the emerging economies. We explore the effects of financial liberalization and the impact of financial development on economic growth in the emerging economies. Financial liberalization creates market-based incentives that promote economic growth, (Davies, 2010). The financial development measures and analyses the factors enabling the growth of financial systems in a number of economies around the globe. It could be intended at providing a comprehensive means to scale their financial systems and establish priorities for improvement. A thoroughly researched the subject in economics is the relationship between financial development and economic growth, (Kohli, 2008). According to these discussions, the nature of casualty between the two was established. On the other hand, there is a very common view that financial development is significant and provides to economic growth popularly known as supply lending activity. Equally, there is an order following the belief which states that economic growth stimulates the progress of the financial sector. In addition, researchers state that a pointer association exists between financial development and economic growth. Due to the argument surrounding the link between the two, a group of researchers has subjected the financial growth link to experimental proof. However, despite their efforts, a gap remains in the literature. These results from the fact that very few studies have given attention to the stage development theory, developed by Patrick in nineteen sixty six, where the direction of casualty between the two variables changes over the course of development. The scarcity of experimental studies on Patrick's theory may be due to limitation of information (Kohli, 2008).


The simplicity and convenience afforded by a single instrument has proven to be an important factor in stereophonic sound reproduction in the home. A new stereophonic projection console has been developed, based upon practical directional properties of loudspeakers. The stereophonic projection console provides satisfactory separation of left and right sounds by reflection from the room boundaries. Measured performance characteristics and subjective evaluation of the system will be presented.


This analysis of four fiction books written for pediatric cancer patients focuses on differing representations of hair loss as a physical marker of gender.  Findings indicate hair loss carries more significant implications for femininity.  The storylines identify hair loss for girls as damaging to their identities, while hair loss for boys provides an opportunity for identity exploration.  Girls are encouraged to measure their self-worth by their appearance, of which hair plays an integral role, and manage their bodies.  Therefore, this literature maintains crippling gender ideology.


Gesture is a form of non-verbal communication and has many applications, such as sign language communication between deaf and dumb people, robot control, human-computer interaction and medical applications. The commonly used acquisition equipment in gesture recognition is the visible light camera, but illumination has a great impact on the accuracy of the collected data classification processing. The whole project designed a complete end-to-end edge computing system design and deployment, the system can achieve from gesture image acquisition to gesture recognition. A dataset of 3600 thermal images was created, and each gesture had 1200 thermal images with only 4*4 resolution. These images were upsampled by bilinear interpolation and fed into a new lightweight deep learning model combining deep residual learning with ShuffleNet V2 for gesture classification. The system achieved 98.63% accuracy on the test data set. Another advantage is that it is based on thermal imaging, so the accuracy is not affected by background lighting conditions.


Analysis of structural connections between brain regions enables us to gain insight into the structural architecture of the human brain and into how connections are a ected by age or pathology. Tractography is the standard tool for automatic delineation of structural connections or tracts. Post-processing of tractography results using expert prior knowledge is often performed to ensure a robust delineation. In this thesis, I present a shortest-path tractography (SPT) framework that can automatically incorporate any prior knowledge about the location of a tract. Furthermore, I show how such a prior can be learned from previous tractography results. A confound common to all SPT methods is their sensitivity to nding many falsepositive connections, since a path between two locations in the brain is always found. To address this issue I present two approaches to measure the statistical signi cance of a connection and demonstrate their application in connectivity-based parcellation. Network models are a common way to represent structural connections of the whole brain. With supervised learning methods, features are extracted from these networks and are associated with a parameter of interest. Dimensionality reduction is often performed as pre-processing, since network analysis typically su ers from highdimensionality low-sample-size problems. Preceding the supervised analysis with unsupervised dimensionality reduction can, however, smooth the discriminative signals, degrading predictive performance. In this thesis I present a novel supervised dimensionality reduction algorithm that clusters network nodes into hubs, which re ect common connectivity structures in the population, and that retains predictive performance of the lower dimensional features.


In today's world, focused as it is on profit and economic growth, it has become more necessary than ever to re-examine our objectives and rationales for growth and to be aware of other priorities. Sustainability is not exclusively or even primarily an environmental issue. Rather it is fundamentally about how we choose to live our lives, with an awareness that everything has consequences. At its heart sustainability is the work of constructing a society that accords highest priority to the dignity of life and to the dignity of all beings both present and future and to the environment that sustains us. In order to achieve such sustainability it is necessary to develop people, communities and societies who benefit others and bring to the fore our most positive and creative aspects. In this paper I will present some ideas and models for the development of people and institutions as a fundamental prerequisite for the achievement of sustainable development. These will include active engagement and education of young people, the development of 'Global citizens' or people who who are genuinely concerned for the peace and prosperity of the world, and an educational framework promoting sustainability which should include a *. Dr., Director, Centre for Applied Buddhism UK. BUDDHIST APPROACH TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP AND SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE SOCIETIES 314 comprehensive awareness raising of learning, reflecting and empowering. I will draw on buddhist theory and practice in order to achieve these outcomes and will show how Buddhism, whilst being an ancient wisdom based teaching, is also a thoroughly modern and contemporary philosophy which contains the potential to transform not only the individual but also societies and environments.


Estimates of long-run marginal cost (LRMC) for electrical generation are an important ingredient in designing economically efficient tariffs. An approach that relies on results from a widely accepted generation planning model for estimation of LRMC has been developed and applied in recent years. The model, the Wien Automatic System Planning Package (WASP-III), is supported and distributed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). For estimation of marginal energy cost and other important planning information, the Model for Investigation of Costs and Reliability for Utility Systems (ICARUS) is used together with the least-cost expansion plan determined by WASP-III. An overview of the methodology and models is provided.


1. Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; 2. Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; 3. Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China The authors contributed equally to this manuscript ✉ Correspondence to: email@example.com https://doi.org/10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.06.007


This article is the author's opinion of the effects of the cytokines produced as a result of epithelial cell macrophage interactions during herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) infection. Cell cultures of murine keratinocytes were examined for SOCS1 production following HSV-1 infection and macrophage cell lines were examined for cytokine production following polarization and modification of cytokine production by peptide mimetics of suppressors of the cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules SOCS1 and SOCS3. It is speculated that the pro inflammatory cytokines produced by M1 polarized cells enhance the inflammatory nature of the lesion produced by HSV-1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokines of the M2 polarized cells promote resolution of the lesion.


Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is a 78-kDa disulfide-linked heterodimer belonging to the plasminogen-related kringle protein family. MSP activates the RON receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, which results in cell migration, shape change, or proliferation. A structure-activity study of MSP was performed using pro-MSP, MSP, MSP α and β chains, and a complex including the first two kringles and IgG Fc (MSP-NK2). Radioiodinated MSP and MSP β chain both bound specifically to RON. The K d of 1.4 nm for MSP β chain is higher than the reportedK d range of 0.6–0.8 nm for MSP. Pro-MSP, MSP α chain, and MSP-NK2 did not bind. Only MSP stimulated RON autophosphorylation. Although the β chain bound to RON and partially inhibited MSP-induced RON phosphorylation in kidney 293 cells, it did not induce RON phosphorylation. Pro-MSP, MSP α chain, or MSP-NK2 failed to activate RON, consistent with their inability to bind to the RON receptor. Functional studies showed that only MSP induced cell migration, and shape change in resident macrophages, and growth of murine keratinocytes. Our data indicate that the primary receptor binding domain is located in a region of the MSP β chain, in contrast to structurally similar hepatocyte growth factor, in which the receptor binding site is in the α chain. However, full activation of RON requires binding of the complete MSP disulfide-linked αβ chain heterodimer.


Over the past 20 years, state mental health agencies have shifted the bulk of funding for community mental health services to the federal-state Medicaid program. Over this same period, states adapted their Medicaid programs to more comprehensively address the service needs of people with mental illness. Adopting the financing mechanism that primarily funds other health care for low-income people moves mental health more toward the mainstream. But it is a policy with risks. Changes to Medicaid are now outside the purview of those most concerned with mental health issues. In 2006, Congress radically altered Medicaid, making fundamental changes to the law. These were soon followed by further proposed shifts in federal administrative policy. This article describes these federal policy changes and assesses their impact on individuals and on state mental health policy. (It should be noted that most administrative changes have since been halted by the Obama Administration).


ABSTRACT As I write my story of training, integration, graduation, terminating my analysis and continuing transformation, I hope to show that becoming an analyst is a non-linear developmental process. If it goes well enough, resistances are tenderized, their tough tendons become malleable, and the mind becomes better able to absorb the marinade. Our pain and mourning with a safe analyst are the tenderizers. If properly listened to, and cared about, we are better able to acknowledge our ongoing conflicts, test our newfound strengths, and hopefully look back at the panorama where we began. We get good enough help so we can offer good enough help. I offer my story as one way to grow into being a psychoanalyst.


This paper discusses the estimation of choice models on pivot-style stated choice data sets that include a reference alternative that corresponds to a recent trip by a respondent. With the potentially high levels of inertia observed in many such data sets, the questionnaire for the current survey gave respondents a secondary choice between the purely hypothetical alternatives when they gave preference to the reference alternative. The aim of this paper was to investigate appropriate ways to deal with such a dual-response data set at the modeling stage. The analysis shows only small differences in scale and willingness-to-pay estimates between the primary and secondary choices, suggesting that especially in the presence of large amounts of inertia in primary choices, secondary responses may provide analysts with useful information on sensitivities.


Taylor and Francis Ltd GENV_A_124131.sgm 10.1080/002072 0500241488 International Journal of Environmental Studies 0 20-7233 (pri t)/1 29-0400 (online) Original Article 2 07 & Francis 00 The fruit processing industry is expanding alongside other food-processing industries. These industries generate a large amount of waste material. In the processing of citrus fruits an appreciable amount is waste in the form of peel, pulp and seeds is produced. To reduce waste, the waste by-products can be used for the production of some economically valuable products such as candied peel, volatile oils, volatile flavouring compounds, fatty acids, pectin, reformed fruit pieces, enzymes, biogas, ethanol, citric acid, microbial biomass, wine, vinegar, etc. In one effort to use citrus peel for the production of something economically useful, pectin was isolated from steam blanched and sun-dried powdered Kinnow (Citrus nobilis X C. deliciosa) peels by acid extraction using hydrochloric acid (HCl). Kinnows have comparatively thin skin and a higher juice content. The yield is high. They have therefore become popular amongst the fruit growers of Punjab state. Pectins, the glycosidic macromolecules, are the polysaccharides of galacturonic acid or of its methyl ester. The food grade pectin is usually classified according to its degree of esterification. Pectin is used as a jellying agent in jam, jelly, ketchup and ice cream making; as a fat replacement; and as a thickening agent. The modified citrus pectin powder, with sodium and potassium salts, is used as a dietary supplement. Kinnow pectin as extracted is a light yellowish powder. Acid extraction with 0.05 N HCl yielded 14.80% (w/w) pectin at 90°C, with a degree of esterification (DE) at 54.23. At lower temperature DE was higher but the yield was lower. With increase in normality of the extracting acid, there was an increase in the yield but a decrease in the DE.


Induction of ovulation is an every-day practice for all gynecologists working in the area of reproductive endocrinology. Women suffering from anovulatory, tubal, or idiopathic infertility are commonly exposed to induction of ovulation medications that are sometimes administered at high therapeutic doses for extended periods of times. However, in 1992, a pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies has pointed out to a 2.7-fold increased risk of ovarian cancer in infertile women treated with fertility drugs and a 27-fold increased risk if the woman had used fertility drugs and had never been pregnant before1. However, the risk was not increased in infertile women who had not undergone induction of ovulation compared with the general population1. This has thrown clinicians as well as patients in a dilemma that needs to be resolved. Evidence-Based Medicine is defined as the conscientious, judicious, and explicit use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients2. Evidence for harm of therapeutic interventions is commonly sought from observational studies namely cohort and case control studies. But knowing the liability of case-control studies to many types of major bias and knowing the controversy about the methodological quality of the analyzed studies, one should ask "Is there better evidence that confirm or negate this evidence?"


Objective To compare learning effect of the three autonomous learning methods in the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) project,which is autonomous virtual learning,autonomous simulation and autonomous traditional learning,and observe the effect on the ability of autonomic learning.Methods 53 clinical medicine five-year undergraduates of grade 2009 as the research object,was divided into 3 groups at random.The three groups of students used different learning methods to learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) project.Before,immediately after and after a week of teaching activities,theoretical examination was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the autonomous learning.And immediate at the end of the study,applied the Motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (Motivated strategies for learning questionnaire,MSLQ) to determine the students 'ability of autonomous learning,to assess whether the three autonomous learning methods could improve the students' autonomous learning ability.Results Compareed the evaluation and improvement of three groups students at the end of the project:the group of autonomous virtual learning is higher than autonomous traditional learning,the group of autonomous simulation is higher than autonomous virtual learning,but due to the limited number of into the object of study,there was no significant statistics difference (P>0.05).After learning,the autonomous learning ability of students,compared with the traditional autonomous learning method,intrinsic value and self adjusting factor of autonomous virtual learning group is higher than that of the traditional methods,but there was no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05).Conclusions Independent game learning methods could improve the teaching effects in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) project,may improve the students' autonomous learning ability.

Key words:
Autonomous virtual learning;  Autonomous simulation learning;  Autonomous traditional learning;  Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation


This paper introduces the technology of DCOM/COM, analyzes the development strategy of component model of product data management (PDM), provides the logic framework of PDM system, describes the structure configuration and implementation level of software components, and discusses the development method of DCOM/COM.


Nowadays, Data mining is getting used for mining useful information and knowledge from big volume of transactions and it's miles evolving into an essential studies vicinity. Association rule mining (ARM) one of the important issue of records mining discovers relationships many of the big range of Itemsets. Researchers have proposed many efficient and scalable algorithms for mining association guidelines, most of which had been based on objects with binary values. Fuzzy association rule mining have currently been widely applied in many real global packages and numerous fuzzy mastering algorithms for inducing rules from given units of quantitative statistics were designed. A general survey and observe of numerous algorithms for finding fuzzy frequent itemset mining were presented on this paper.


Covid-19 had a profound impact on South Africa, not only in relation to its health system but also in relation to matters such as access to land and adequate housing. This note discusses, amongst other, the case law focusing on evictions and housing reported during 2020. The note also indicates that restitution remains a complex matter that is not going to be resolved soon. The proposed 2020 amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 and the proposed Expropriation Bill are further analysed. The proposed amendment legislation in relation to upgrading of land rights to give effect to Constitutional Court decisions is referred to. This note includes the most important 2020 land reform developments pertaining to section 25 of the Constitution and expropriation, land restitution, land reform legislation, unlawful occupation, housing, deeds, sectional titles land redistribution and rural development.


Objective:To investigate vaginal micro-ecological status in community population.The objective was to provide a new way for prevent and cure lower reproductive tract infections.Methods:313 women of childbearing age(including 74 vaginitis cases) were selected randomly by cluster sub-sampling.The group case control method was used for data analysis.Results:The pH mean value was 4.4 in disorder group of vaginal micro-ecology,which was significant higher than 4.0 in normal group of vaginal micro-ecology(t=6.3581,P0.01).But it did not exceed the normal extent of the vaginal acidity.Moreover pH mean value among the vaginitis groups had more significant increase(all P0.01),which had exceeded the normal extent of the vaginal acidity,as compared to the normal group.The detection rates of lactobacillus and H2O2(+) in vagina among disorder group of vaginal micro-ecology were significantly lower than normal group(all P0.01).And the detection rates of these two indices among vaginitis group had more significant decrease compared with the normal group(all P0.01).The detection rate of vaginal lactobacillus in patients with vaginatis was also significantly lower than women without vaginitis(27.0% vs 74.9%,P0.01).The lower detection rate of vaginal lactobacillus,the higher risk of common vaginitis(all P0.01).Conclusions:The increasing of vaginal pH value could be considered as an early warning signal of abnormal vaginal micro-ecology.The detection rate of lactobacillus in vagina could be used as an index for monitoring vaginal health state and rehabilitation level after RTIs therapy.


With the development of communication technology,as well as its industry,the 3rd mobile communication technology(called 3G for short under) has been widely use in the society.3G means the communication technology which supports high-speed data transmitting can transmit data message and voice message at the same time.That means in the TV broadcasting industry,especially in the live news,it can take the place of satellite broadcasting and becomes primary way in TV live broadcasting.This article states the features of 3G broadcasting technology with examples which we have been working before,and gives some solution to the insufficient part,which has great use to promote the quality of live broadcasting and simplify the actual operation.


Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is one of the proficient technologies among all rapid prototyping (RP) processes due to its capability to build durable end-use parts with reasonable mechanical strength. FDM process has the ability to develop 3D complex geometry accurately with less time and material waste as compared to other RP processes. However, mechanical wear unfavourably affects the durability and lifespan of the FDM build part when used as an end-use part. It has been observed that few important FDM process parameters significantly determine the mechanical strength, wear resistance and surface roughness of build parts. Since wear is an important phenomenon influencing functionality of a part, effect of six FDM build parameters viz. contour number, layer thickness, raster width, part orientation, raster angle and air gap on sliding wear of the specimen is experimentally investigated in this research work. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), effect of each process parameter on wear of the build specimen is analysed. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, wear surfaces and internal structures of the specimens are evaluated. Finally, a model based on least square support vector machine (LSSVM) technique is proposed to predict the wear performance of the FDM build parts.


In present work, abrasive waterjet machining has been used to machine adhesively bonded titanium-carbon fiber-reinforced plastics-titanium hybrid laminate with varying traverse speed, jet pressure, and stand-off distance. The effect of varying abrasive waterjet machining parameters on cut quality has been quantified by material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio (T r ), and surface roughness (Ra). Response surface methodology along with central composite design has been used to analyze the influence of process parameters on output responses. Additionally, analysis of variance was performed to identify the significant parameters on the output responses. For better abrasive waterjet cut quality, the optimal values of process parameters obtained were 200 MPa jet pressure, 237.693 mm/min traverse speed, and 1 mm stand-off distance. The corresponding material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio, and surface roughness are 5.388 mm3/s, 1.41, 1.16, and 3.827 µm, respectively. Furthermore, validation tests have been performed with obtained optimal parameters that deliver satisfactory outcomes with an error of 5.35%, 3.07%, 2.29%, and 0.39% for material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio, and surface roughness, respectively.


The application of crude glycolipids extract obtained by Pseudomonas sp was tested for the preservation of Tommy Atkins mango posharvest during storage at 23°C. Mangos were immersed in crude glycolipids extract. The quality of no-immersed, immersed, treated hydrothermally no- immersed and treated hydrothermally immersed fruits were evaluated by visible decay, weight loss, microbial infection and color over 14-days storage period. Results showed that the fruits treated with of crude glycolipids extract presented the minor visible decay, loss of weight (p< 0.05) and microbial infection when compared to no-immersed, treated hydrothermally no-immersed and treated hydrothermally immersed fruits.


Producing PVC resin by imported VCM is an important revolution of producing process.It can improve pro duct quality,decrease environmental pollution,reduce costs.The paper expounds cause of formation,existing questions and solving measures of producing PVC by imported VCM.


Databases form a vitally important part of the information society. The traditional approach in the United Kingdom has been to protect their contents as compilations under the law of copyright. This contrasts with the approach adopted in civil law states which have historically required a more significant qualitative element as a condition for the award of copyright than has been the case in the United Kingdom. Databases would not meet this requirement – although many states would offer protection under unfair competition laws. The European Union's database directive strikes something of a compromise between the two approaches. The chapter will consider the extent of the sui generis database right and consider its practical application in the, albeit limited, number of cases in which it has been considered by the courts.


The creative and performing arts have recently entered the university system in many European countries. They bring with them expectations of forms of practice and understandings that are nontraditional. These practices and understandings are manifestations of underlying values held by each community and, in our analysis, we see the difference in values as being the fundamental cause of the ensuing conflict. This article describes the development of a Profiling Culture model used by the authors to investigate this phenomenon. Following a usability trial, questionnaires were completed at TU Delft by 'aspiring members', 'full members' and 'gatekeepers' of the academicized community of professionals in Spatial Planning, in which they identified their 'heroes & icons', habits & behaviour, techniques & skills, language & rhetoric, and place & environment. The analyses of the data from the Profiling Culture model, using comparative analysis of culture as 'variable' and as 'root-metaphor', will yield initial outcomes that are based on a qualitative 'categorical' analysis. Ultimately, the findings will be expressed in terms of the different worldviews in operation in the academicized design field and the professional design field, in terms of a comparison between the academic worldviews and research models on the one hand, and the practitioners' worldviews and expectations on the other. The critical interpretation of the empirical data will enable both diagnosis (in which we will infer underlying values from observed practices) and prognosis (in which we will associate inferred values to significant practices) of the observed conflict. 1 PRELIMINARY COMMENT At the University of Hertfordshire, UK, we have a cluster of projects called 'research into practice' (R2P), which consider the problems related to the emergence of something called 'practice-based research'. There are different names for it but, broadly speaking, what they have in common is that they all refer to what it is to undertake research in an area like painting or musical composition, architecture or design; namely creative and formally vocational areas. The academic model of knowledge in these areas has not been clearly articulated, meaning that often the values held in professional practice run counter to the academic models of knowledge being used and, as a result, there is a problem in accounting for research in areas of creative practice in ways that will be recognized and valued by both communities. Within the R2P cluster, the 3-year AHRC-funded research project 'Non-traditional Knowledge and Communication' (NtKC) contributes to the ongoing debate about the best way of dealing with creative practice values that are, from the academic viewpoint, non-traditional. In connection to this project, we have previously described the development and delivery of a research methods training course in the Department of Spatial Planning and Design at TU Delft, NL [1]. The training course was developed, in turn, to cater to the department's Research by Design course, which attempts to respond both to the creative practice and the academic community by including a practical and theoretical component in its curriculum. The analysis found issues with curriculum-building in an area of epistemological uncertainty which also presented difficulties in finding assessment criteria that both communities could agree upon. The findings were discussed theoretically in terms of community cultures and values, and how the TU Delft case typically manifests the differences between the worldviews of academic research and professional practice, with their differing aims and values. In that first phase of the NtKC study we found challenges to curriculum development in the gap analysis, the curriculum design and assessment and, furthermore, identified the existence of two Proceedings of ICERI2010 Conference. 15th-17th November 2010, Madrid, Spain. ISBN: 978-84-614-2439-9 000378 distinct communities that held two distinct worldviews. In the second phase we are currently exploring the worldviews of the creative practice community as evidenced by the key academic figures at TU Delft and comparing that to the control group represented by the sample of new students who have not yet been enculturated with the TU Delft/Spatial Planning worldview. The present paper describes the second phase, more specifically the theoretical framework that has guided the design of the empirical investigations that are being conducted into the worldview of the design community in the academic context. We describe how the theoretical framework from the first phase has been extended to include contributions from cultural theory and ethnography. 2 CONCEPTS AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Issues arising from the academicization of cultures of creative practice The first phase of the NtKC project has generated a substantial number of outputs. The team position on academic research in areas of creative practice is epitomized by the ontology that is presented in the article: 'Eight Criteria for Practice-based Research in the Creative and Cultural Industries' [2]. In that article, the authors took a logical position and proposed an ontology of academic research which was composed of four 'necessary and sufficient conditions'. These four criteria are: the possession of a question and an answer, the presence of something corresponding to the term 'knowledge', a method that connected the answers in a meaningful way to the questions that were asked, and an audience for whom all this would have significance. The advantage of taking an ontological approach is that it seems to offer a disinterested description of the criteria by which something may function, and therefore to establish the criteria by which something may be judged as 'being that thing'. Conversely, the ontological approach suffers from the disadvantage that there may be no actual cases that meet the conditions found through the logical construction and, thereby, an empty category would have been created. Theories arising from actual cases, from an epistemological approach such as the 'case study method' [3] or 'grounded theory' [4], are attempts to avoid this disadvantage. As a consequence of first taking an ontological position and thinking, 'it must be thus', we then took an epistemological position and looked at how things actually were, identifying four further issues that characterised the epistemology of practice. These four issues were described as: the role of text and image, the relationship of form and content, the function of rhetoric and the manifestation of experience – each of which presented issues for the actual production of academic research as a consequence of the ontological conditions described by our first four criteria. The advantage of taking an epistemological position is that it seems to offer a situated description of what can be found in the field, and the criteria satisfied by instances that are in operation. Conversely, the epistemological position may suffer from circularity since it attempts to define the very cases that it selects resulting in an iterative cycle of cause and consequence. The presence of issues, and in many cases conflicts, in the production of academic research in areas of creative practice indicated to us the existence of dualities in the academic context that were being faced by the actors themselves. This drew our attention to the social organization of the field and the presence of two distinct sub-cultures: that of the academics and that of the creative practitioners. We noted that each sub-culture arose out of a distinct historical and social background in which its characterizing values were coherent within the sub-culture but quite different when compared with the other. The challenge, so far as understanding the academicization of the creative arts was concerned, was to determine whether these sub-cultures represented irreconcilable worldviews or whether their differences were superficial and that some kind of homogenization was possible [5]. In cultural terms, it was important to understand what characterised each community, as distinct from or similar to the other. For this reason, in the second phase of the NtKC project, we turn to the actors themselves and observe how they are enculturated and socialized to the areas of creative practice, and therefore what is the source of their values and how are these reproduced by the community. 2.2 Manifestations of community culture The identification of a culture assumes the existence of likeness and similarity within the culture, and the difference between one group and another that is culturally given and sufficient to differentiate one group from the other. As a result, some authors hold that for the definition of a culture, similarity and universality are of primary importance [6], whilst others focus more on the documentation of distinction [7]. The underlying structure of culture is largely intangible and difficult to model in a precise way. Studies of culture rely in the first place on some sort of expression of intangible shared values in order


As a core part of the remanufactured centrifugal compressor, the remanufactured impeller has characteristics of special structure, high speed and complex load. The three-dimensional characteristic modeling of remanufactured impeller provides a basis or carrier for the subsequent finite element analysis, service loads solving, service safety analysis, remanufacturing process optimization, et al. However, impeller original three-dimensional model often lack or the existing models cannot reflect the impeller's remanufactured characteristics, so it is difficult to directly be applied to the simulation analysis of impeller. Based on the measurement points of the structural characteristics and the NURBS curve and surface theory, a reconstruction method of remanufactured impeller geometric features is presented. In the case application, three-dimensional model of a certain type of remanufactured impeller is established by this method, and the geometric quality is assessed. The results show that the geometric model of remanufactured impeller reconstructed by the above-mentioned method has smaller deviation(1×10–4 mm), higher smoothness. Meanwhile, this model is consistent with the real impeller and meets the impeller remanufacturing process. The model provides basic information for the service loads solving, remanufacturing process residual stress analysis, and service life prediction of the remanufactured impeller of centrifugal compressor during next service.


Wheat gluten was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease to obtain high content of glutamine peptide and the technics was optimized by single- factor and orthogonal experiment. The effective content of Gln in peptide was determined by amino acid analyzer. The results indicated that the optimal parameters to hydrolyze wheat gluten were as follow: pH 8. 0,temperature 70 ℃,enzyme concentration 4%,substrate concentration 7%,reaction time 150 min. Under such conditions,the effective content of Gln could reach 17. 65%,account for 77. 31% of the total Glx( Glu + Gln,content 22. 83%),TCA- NSI was 77. 86%, the protein content was 76. 03%,the free amino acid content was 2. 06%. The product had high content of the effective Gln and the peptide.


Introduction: Shift work is associated with increased incidence of obesity and other features of the metabolic syndrome. Health problems in shift workers are caused by several factors, one of these factors is the stress hormone cortisol. Aim of the work: to assess the association between night shift work and the changes in body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, lipid (total cholesterol, HDL, and triglycerides) levels, cortisol hormone secretion, uric acid blood level and salivary cortisol level. Materials & Methods: this study was conducted on 160 male security personnel, their age ranging from 35 to 40 years in Cairo . Regarding the work schedule 80 subjects worked daytime for 8 hours, whereas 80 individuals worked only night shift for 12 hour with one day off, for at least continuous 5 years. Results: the results showed no significant difference between night shift and day workers as regard age and working years. As regard body mass index (BMI) there was highly significant difference (<0.001) between night and day workers. There was no significant difference between night and day shift workers as regard total cholesterol level, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose (P< 0.05) where as there is a significant difference between night and day shift workers as regard HDL –cholesterol (P<0.05) and a highly significant difference between night and day shift workers as regard uric acid blood level (P<0.001).A significant difference was detected in salivary cortisol levels among night shift workers where the salivary cortisol level is higher in the evening than in the morning, also there is a significant difference in salivary cortisol level among day shift workers where the salivary cortisol level is higher in the morning than in the evening (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest an association between long-term shift work and increased body mass index, elevation cortisol level, HDL–cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and uric acid level. Further studies are needed to understand the biological mechanisms involved and the complex behavioral and social adaptations experienced by night-shift workers. Regular screening health programs should be done to maintain the health of shift workers.


Massive bleeding in hepatic resection is one of the major factors for intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality. Surgical cotton gauze is the most popular hemostatic dressing for surgeons to use in surgery and wet gauze is the modality has been widely applied. By comparison of two gauze modalities, moist and dry, we attempt to provide better choice for surgeons as hemostatic dressing. Thus, we investigated the hemostatic efficiency and postoperative adhesion in a liver injury rodent model. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to present experiment, and divided into two main groups with compression pressure of 10 g weight (Control group) and 20 g weight (Experimental group). Each group divided into another two subgroups based on dry and moist gauze treatment, with ten rats in each group. The coagulation time and blood loss were documented as measurement of hemostatic efficacy. At 14th day after operation, animals were euthanized for evaluation of adhesion score. All the results were corrected by dividing the weight of the resected liver during the operation. Rats treated with dry gauze exposed to shorter hemostatic time compared to moist gauze group with pressure of 20 g weight (P < 0.05). However, in evaluation of blood loss and adhesion score, there is no significant difference (P > 0.05). In control groups, there were no remarkable differences in hemostatic time (P=0.548), blood loss (P=0.201) and adhesion score (P=0.501). In conclusion, dry gauze exhibited the better hemostatic efficiency with shorter hemostatic time under pressure of 20 g weight. Our results suggest that dry gauze might be a better option for reducing the blood loss in short amount of time.


Many dynamic microsimulation models have shown their ability to reasonably project detailed population and households using non-data based household formation and dissolution rules. Although, those rules allow modellers to simplify changes in the household construction, they typically fall short in replicating household projections or if applied retrospectively the observed household numbers. Consequently, such models with biased estimation for household size and other household related attributes lose their usefulness in applications that are sensitive to household size, such as in travel demand and housing demand modelling. Nonetheless, these demographic microsimulation models with their associated shortcomings have been commonly used to assess various planning policies which can result in misleading judgements. In this paper, we contribute to the literature of population microsimulation by introducing a fully integrated system of models for different life event where a household alignment method adjusts household size distribution to closely align with any given target distribution. Furthermore, some demographic events that are generally difficult to model, such as incorporating immigrant families into a population, can be included. We illustrated an example of the household alignment method and put it to test in a dynamic microsimulation model that we developed using dymiumCore, a general-purpose microsimulation toolkit in R, to show potential improvements and weaknesses of the method. The implementation of this model has been made publicly available on GitHub.


Methane (CH4) is not only an important greenhouse gas next to carbon dioxide (CO2), but also an important chemically active gas. Under the background of climate warming, the measurement of CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems in China is not only very important for exploring the impact of climate change on the ecological environment, but also of great significance for the in-depth study of ecosystem carbon cycling. In this study, we used the Emission-Factor Approach to estimate CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems in China from 2010–2020 and explored the spatial distribution characteristics of CH4 emissions. The estimated CH4 emission inventory of terrestrial ecosystems with 0.05 spatial resolution on monthly time scale is in good agreement with the results of the latest emission inventory. It is estimated that CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems in China are 19.955 Tg yr−1, including 18.61% (3.713 Tg yr−1) from vegetation, 21.47% (4.285 Tg yr−1) from wetlands and 59.92% (11.957 Tg yr−1) from paddy fields, with the largest contribution from paddy fields. The regions with high CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems in China are mainly located in the central, eastern and southeastern regions of China, and show a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest. The CH4 emission from terrestrial ecosystems in China has obvious seasonal variation characteristics, with the lowest emission in January (0.248 Tg month−1) and the highest emission in August (3.602 Tg month−1). The emissions are high in summer and autumn and low in spring and winter. CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems in China showed an overall upward trend from 2010–2020.


Over the past two decades, the performance requirements for automatic transmission fluids (ATFs) have undergone a significant number of changes in response to mandated legislation by government and regulatory bodies to improve the air quality through reduced emissions while providing energy efficiency and "fill-for-life" capabilities. In order to formulate a high-performance ATF, it is now necessary to complement a strong and well-balanced additive package with a selection of high-quality base oils. This study will investigate the effects of several base oil properties on ATF performance. This will include a comparison of formulations blended from straight-cut base oils with those produced by blending light and heavy viscosity base oils from the same slate but to the same base oil kinematic viscosity. Five commercially available base oils with a kinematic viscosity range of 2 to 8 mm 2 /s at 100°C form the basis for this work that in turn were used to formulate four different ATFs at the Hyundai Diamond SP-3 performance level. The base oils were produced from the iso-dewaxing of a hydrocracker bottoms feed. The finished oil testing included viscometrics, seal compatibility, oxidation stability, and frictional behavior. The benefits and limitations of using dumbbell blending on the properties of base oils and the performance of automatic transmission fluids are described.


BackgroundA number of patients with COVID-19 experience prolonged symptoms, known as 'Long COVID'. Fatigue, dyspnoea and chest wall tightness are common symptoms. These symptoms limit exercise tolerance and cause anxiety. They require thorough and costly investigations that do not always provide a pathway to traditional treatments. We present the impact of thoracic mobilisation, a combination of stretches and general advice on abdominal breathing on long COVID symptoms.MethodsConsecutive adult long COVID patients attending a general respiratory physiotherapy clinic with breathlessness and chest wall tightness were included. All patients were assessed for thoracic expansion using a cloth tape, measuring at T6 level from resting expiration to maximum inspiration. Resting respiratory rate (RR) was also measured as breaths per minute (bpm). All patients were then treated with a single application of thoracic mobilisation techniques (muscle energy techniques and/or rib stacking) and combinations of muscle stretches including serratus anterior, pectoralis minor and diaphragm stretches. General advice regarding abdominal breathing was also demonstrated.ResultsThirty four consecutive long COVID patients were included (mean age 52 y, 16♂). Nine patients (26%) had pre-existing respiratory co-morbidities including asthma, COPD and sleep-disordered breathing and 12 patients (35%) had no past medical history. Prior to intervention mean thoracic expansion was 1.92 cm (±1.15) and mean RR was 17.6 bpm (±5.1). After intervention, thoracic expansion improved to 3.89 cm (±1.32) and RR to 11.2 bpm (±4.6). There were significant improvements in both thoracic expansion and respiratory rate (p<0.0001).ConclusionNormal thoracic expansion is approximately 3.5 – 7 cm. This group of long COVID patients displayed suboptimal thoracic expansion at T6. This appears to have had an effect on resting respiratory rate. Post mobilisation both thoracic expansion and resting respiratory rate improved. This is likely due to improved thoracic compliance with mobilisations and stretches, reducing the work of breathing in these patients. The addition of simple breathing advice, rather than longer breathing re-education sessions helped to further reduce and correct respiratory rate.A single application of thoracic mobilisation techniques combined with stretches and simple advice on breathing can improve thoracic expansion and resting respiratory rate in long COVID.


In order to meet the challenge of Big Data, enhance the intelligent level of distribution grid, the better for the power user service. Starting from the characteristics of 4 V of Big Data, the 6 links to the power supply system of industrial chain (i.e., planning, design, construction, operation, management & regulation of distribution grids, and equipment design and manufacturing) is relatively mature degree angle; the needs of Big Data's application in distribution network have been analysed. B y using the method o f SWOT, analysed the double-edged sword effect Big Data for the distribution gird, provides both opportunities and challenges. The benefits and opportunities is that, Big Data bringing data view, changing thinking methods and tools, expanding the application scene, providing better service to the society, enhancing the value of the opportunity. At the same time, Big Data will lead to the challenges in distribution grid, for example, because of security challenges of Big Data itself, Big Data more concentrated, cause safety challenges in distribution grid is more serious; the energy consumption challenges of Big Data; Big Data privacy threat distribution grid and user. The demand for Big Data's application in distribution grids in industrial chain is that, from strong to weak, management & regulation of distribution grids, operation, equipment design and manufacturing, construction, design, planning. Big Data's source of power supply enterprise's internal operation, including 3 parts, physical grid operation, marketing services and grid enterprise operation. Power system technology innovation by three wheel drive (experimental science, theoretical science, computational science) increased to four wheel drive (experimental science, theoretical science, computational science, data intensive science/data exploration science) paradigm. Big data is still "explosion", control the fourth paradigm - data intensive science also need to redouble our efforts. Non structure data in distribution grid will be rapid growth, 50% more than the amount of data in the next five years.


An analytical intervention study has been done with the aim to evaluate the therapy cost-effectiveness among the hypertensive ambulatory patients at four hospitals in Yogyakarta city. The study was done with the scatter-plot method; x-axis and y-axis were for the difference of blood pressure and therapy cost between groups respectively. Blood pressure feedback intervention was delivered monthly for four times to the specialists in the intervention group since the informed-consent approval. The control specialists preceded the natural practice. The included patients were the specialist's subjects with the following criteria: >18 years, "Askes"-insured, ≥4 visits, and ≥1 visit with systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140mmHg. The medication profile, BP level, and therapy cost profile were collected prospectively for eight months since the first intervention from medical record and the hospital claim to Askes. All hypertensive and cardiovascular therapy cost with the hospital perspective were included in the analysis. Hypothesis: the patient proportion in the right quadrants of the graph reached ≥90%. The right quadrants of graph indicated lower mean SBP of intervention group. The result showed that the intervention (n=379) and control (n=266) groups were similar for age, gender, BP, and items of antihypertensive medicine. The intervention group had only improved diastolic BP and higher antihypertensive medicine cost (p<0.05), but similar for cardiovascular medicine and the total therapy cost (p>0.05). Patients in the right quadrant were 56.2%. Sub-group analysis for female only, without 80–90 years, final SBP ≤160mmHg, and mean ≤150mmHg, and 1–3 antihypertensive items resulted 66.9% of right-quadrant patients but it was lower than 90%. Feedback intervention improved the proportion of patients in the right-quadrants of the graph though it was lower than the expected proportion.


The content analysis of key concepts of STEM is conducted. The essence of the new approach in education is established. The relevance of STEM education is related to the requirements of the world labor market. The content of the most demanded in the labor market of the XXI century, competencies and skills are presented in the article. The purpose, task, structure, content and expected results of the introduction and development of STEM-education in Ukraine are determined. Accordance of STEM-education with the conceptual foundations for the development of the "New Ukrainian School" is defined. The main definitions of STEM-education are offered. It was noted that a special place in the formation of its content is transdisciplinary approach, cognitive technologies in the organization of cognitive activity. Possible ways of further development of STEM-learning in Ukrainian education are considered.


Effective use of self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies may be particularly important for students participating in online education (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1998). The objective of this study was to investigate how different motivational components of social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1986) relate to students' use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies in online courses. University students (n = 96) completed a survey that assessed their task value and self-efficacy, as well as outcome variables that included their use of three SRL strategies. Pearson correlations indicate that task value and self-efficacy were significantly related to students' use of elaboration, critical thinking, and metacognitive learning strategies. Additionally, results from regression analyses reveal that task value and self-efficacy were significant positive predictors of students' use of various learning strategies. These findings support and extend prior research in traditional classrooms indicating that students' motivational beliefs about a learning task are related to their use of SRL strategies. Educational implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. DRAFT Motivation and Self-Regulation in Online Learning 3 Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Students' Use of Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Online Courses Interest in academic self-regulation has increased considerably in recent years as investigators and practitioners attempt to understand how students become masters of their own learning processes (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1998). Self-regulated learning (SRL) has been defined as, "an active, constructive process whereby learners set goals for their learning and then attempt to monitor, regulate, and control their cognition, motivation, and behavior, guided and constrained by their goals and the contextual features of the environment" (Pintrich, 2000, p. 453). Self-regulated learners are generally characterized as active participants who efficiently control their own learning experiences in many different ways, including organizing and rehearsing information to be learned, and holding positive beliefs about their capabilities, the value of learning, and the factors that influence learning (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1994, 1998). Recently, several scholars have suggested that SRL skills may be particularly important for students participating in online education (Bandura, 1997; Dillon & Greene, 2003; Hartley & Bendixen, 2001; Hill & Hannafin, 1997). For example, in their edited volume regarding the instructional implications of academic self-regulation, Schunk and Zimmerman (1998) concluded that effective SRL strategies may be critical in distance learning situations due to the high degree of student autonomy resulting from the instructor's physical absence. The authors recommended that future research on self-regulation investigate the specific strategies that allow for effective and efficient distance learning. The present study is the first in a line of research designed to address the recommendations made by Schunk and Zimmerman (1998). Specifically, this study explores the linkages between students' motivation and self-regulation in online learning courses, seeking to DRAFT Motivation and Self-Regulation in Online Learning 4 determine if the pattern of relationships are consistent with those that have been found in traditional academic settings. In short, the present investigation marks a critical first step in extending the robust literature on SRL in classroom settings to online learning environments. Review of the Literature Self-regulated learning refers to "learning that occurs largely from the influence of student's self-generated thoughts, feelings, strategies, and behaviors, which are oriented toward the attainment of goals" (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1998, p. viii). Academic self-regulation has been studied in traditional classrooms as a means of understanding how successful students adapt their cognition, motivation, and behavior to improve learning. In general, investigators have consistently found moderate to strong positive relations between students use of SRL strategies and academic achievement (Pintrich, 1999; Pintrich & De Groot, 1990; Pintrich & Garcia, 1991). For example, in a study of 173 seventh graders, Pintrich and De Groot (1990) found that higher levels of self-regulation were correlated with higher levels of achievement, as measured by final course grades, essays and reports, and in-class seatwork. Although there are various conceptualizations of academic self-regulation (for a review, see Boekaerts, Pintrich, & Zeidner, 2000), several researchers have found social cognitive models of SRL to be particularly useful in analyzing student success in online education (Lynch, 2003; Miltiadou & Savenye, 2003; Niemi, Nevgi, & Virtanen, 2003; Whipp & Chiarelli, 2004). This may be so because social cognitive models highlight important motivational factors and learning strategies that appear to benefit students in these highly autonomous learning situations. Furthermore, a number of investigators have recently emphasized the importance of social and environmental factors on student success in online education (Gunawardena & Zittle, 1997; Richardson & Swan, 2003). Thus, a social cognitive perspective on self-regulation, which DRAFT Motivation and Self-Regulation in Online Learning 5 addresses the interrelationship between the learner, the learners' behavior, and the social environment (Bandura, 1997), lends itself well to an understanding of how successful learners function in online situations. While most SRL theorists acknowledge the influence of motivation on self-regulation, Pintrich's (2000, 2003) model of SRL stresses the importance of motivation in all phases of selfregulation. Pintrich and his colleagues have demonstrated that effective and less effective selfregulated learners differ in several motivational processes. For example, their research suggests that learners' task value (i.e., the extent to which they find a task interesting, important, and/or valuable) relates positively to their use of SRL strategies. Similarly, Schunk (2005) concluded, "Students with greater personal interest in a topic and those who view the activity as important or useful are more likely to use adaptive self-regulatory strategies" (p. 87). Existing research (Pintrich & De Groot, 1990; Schunk, 2005) has also suggested positive relations between students' academic self-efficacy and their use of SRL strategies. In an early study of middle school students, Pintrich and De Groot (1990) found that students' self-efficacy beliefs were positively related to their cognitive engagement and academic performance. In part, their results indicated that students who believed they were capable of learning were more likely to report use of SRL strategies and to persist longer at difficult academic tasks. More recently, in a review of past research, Schunk (2005) indicated that highly self-regulated learners tend to report higher levels of academic self-efficacy than do students with poorer self-regulatory skills. Taken together, much of the research on SRL supports the hypothesized linkages between motivation, self-regulation, and academic success. The objective of the present study was to determine if the relations between motivation and self-regulation that have consistently been found in traditional academic settings extend to online learning environments. Specifically, DRAFT Motivation and Self-Regulation in Online Learning 6 the following research question was addressed: Are students' perceived task value and selfefficacy associated with their self-reported use of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies in online courses? Consistent with findings in traditional classrooms, it was hypothesized that both students' perceived task value and self-efficacy would be positively related with their selfreported use of critical thinking, elaboration, and metacognitive self-regulation in online courses.


Ab initio UHF calculations on the cyanide radical have been extended to reduce the excessive amount of spin contamination which is sometimes characteristic in the UHF method. The "spin constrained UHF method" minimizes the function αEUHF+(1–α)〈S2〉UHF for values of α between 0 and 1, to produce UHF-type wave functions. The coefficients of the contaminating spin states are determined for selected values of α. By an extrapolation procedure the hyperfine coupling constants arising from the doublet-state component of the UHF wave function (α= 1) are estimated to be a(13C)= 238 G and a(14N)=–4.2 G.


The geometry of railway track must be maintained within certain standards in order to provide a highly available network, as well as good ride comfort and safety for all rail users. Modelling is well utilised as part of asset management tools in exploring the effectiveness of different rail geometry maintenance strategies. By considering the rail route as an entire system – in contrast to a track section in isolation – a more effective maintenance strategy can be developed, including the deployment of opportunistic maintenance practice. This study presents a Coloured Petri Net model of railway track degradation, inspection, and maintenance planning and delivery, for an entire route of track sections. Opportunistic maintenance is introduced through a novel search transition function, which groups interventions based on local adjacency. Testing explores the availability and maintenance demands expected when following a series of different management strategies. This is extended to testing under heatwave conditions, a known disrupter to track geometry maintenance delivery. Simulation results show that in following an opportunistic strategy, greater availability can be achieved on the modelled rail line. Further, resilience to the heatwave disruptions can be achieved by selecting the correct maintenance strategy parameters. This asset management tool can provide guidance on management strategies for a full route of track sections as a combined system.


This research is dedicated to examination of the dominant factors of well-being expressed by the Russians, as well as determination of regional specificity with regards to components responsible for satisfaction with life of population of a corresponding region. Well-being is a growing area of research, however the question of its identification remains unresolved. Currently, more and more scholars lean towards the opinion that the countries should compete not in the level of power or wealth, but happiness and content of their citizens. A crucial task for the government consists in ensuring stable well-being to their citizens, when people have sufficient psychological, social and physical resources. The relevance of this article lies in the need for integration of scientific knowledge on well-being of the population, special sociological analysis of its nature, essence, content, factors, social indicators and regulators in formation of sociological model of well-being, which would allow to adequately assess and optimize government strategy aimed at provision of well-being to social subjects. The empirical base contains four waves of surveying that involved 897 person from Tyumen Region, Yamalo-Nenents Autonomous District, and Saint Petersburg. Using the software SPSS 23.0 for statistical data processing, the author conducted factor analysis of 65 signs that affect people's well-being. The dominant factors became the economic, ecological, felicitological, medical-technological, social-valeological. It is also determined that the religious factors is not as important for Saint Petersburg, as it is for two other regions. The article describes the factors of well-being essential for men and women. Emphasis is made on clarification of the content of such factors as state-protectionist, investment-strategic, sanological, psychological, etc. A conclusion is made that well-being of the population simultaneously depends on the subjective components (family relations, friends, health condition), and objective components (living conditions, ecological situation in the region, income, state of healthcare system, public order and legal protection). The acquired results are valuable for the scholars, representatives of government structures and government authorities responsible for preparation and implementation of projects aimed at ensuring well-being of the population.


Hand‐written fabrication techniques offer new ways of developing customizable, biodegradable, and low‐cost electronic systems. In this work, a new level of complexity is demonstrated for hand‐written electronics by fabricating passive components, circuits, and a sensor system on paper. The system comprises a pencil‐written graphite force‐sensitive resistor, a pencil‐drawn RC filter, a pen‐written half‐wave rectifier, and a commercial front‐end voltage amplifier. The sensor system exhibits a linear response for pressures up to 1.2 kPa, and a sensitivity of 51 mV kPa−1. Furthermore, the electrical and mechanical performance of the single components and circuits is studied. Diodes fabricated through pen‐written deposition of silver and nickel contacts on amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide coated paper show rectification ratios up to 1:8. Tensile and compressive bending measurements applied to all pencil‐written components for radii down to 0.1 mm indicate minor influence of strain. Similar results are obtained for circuits created from these individual components. Diodes and half‐wave rectifiers show a stable behavior when bent to a radius of 5 mm. The presented techniques can enable the development of flexible and eco‐friendly wearables and sensors for consumer and healthcare applications, and are an effective way for school pupils to explore the world of electronics.


Warurejo village that located in Pasuruan district is the center of pia cake business expecially green beans pia. Pia cake is a cake that can't durable cause by microorganism that come from the less clear and wraping in production. It makes contamination of mycotoxins from spesies of the fungus is Aspergillus flavus . Aspergillus flavus can produce a toxin metabolite compund that is aflatoxin. If aflatoxin is continuous consumtion will cause liver cancer. This research aim to determine presence of Aspergillus flavus on pia cake that produce by center of pia cake business in Warurejo village. It will be research with storage time of 0, 5 and 10 days. This study is descriptive, the number of sample taken randomly as many as 30 samples from 33 stores. Research this is obtained by macroscopically and microscopically. In macroscopically colonis that, look yellowish greeen and on the bottom is yellow to brown while microscopically rounded vesicles and conidi are round. 73% of Aspergillus flavus has positive contaminated fungus in 0 days and 5 days. 97% positive was Aspergillus flavus with 10 days storage time. In day 10 found more Aspergillus flavus fungus that on days 0 and 5 days.


Author(s): Chang, Amy | Advisor(s): Marshall, Wallace F | Abstract: The phenotypic behavior of a cell is driven by its molecular microstate, which emerges as a function of its epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic states. Variability in these states can arise due to stochastic processes, leading to extensive microstate and functional variability in genetically clonal populations. It is of fundamental interest in cell biology to understand the number of states a cell can occupy, as well as the laws governing state transitions and the functional correlates of state variability. In this work, we develop an ensemble of molecular biology, computational, and statistical tools to measure and quantify morphological heterogeneity in both fixed and live populations of isogenic wild-type (WT) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We discover that WT MEFs occupy a continuum of states in morphology space, with increased density in specific subspaces and that this increased occupancy is due to a non-uniform energy landscape underlying WT MEF morphology space. Finally, we show that drug induction can induce topological changes to the energy landscape and that these changes correspond directly to functional divergence at the cellular level. This work produces new insight into the topological and dynamical properties of morphological heterogeneity and provides a body of evidence suggesting that variability in these parameters correlate directly to functional heterogeneity within an isogenic population. Furthermore, this work positions morphological heterogeneity as an important and consequential form of non-genetic heterogeneity, setting the groundwork for future studies of the relationships between microstate, morphological, and functional variability.


The ballistic performances of three different kinds of sandwich plates with pyramidal lattice cores are numerically evaluated with the method of finite elements,including empty lattice-cored sandwich without any insertion,ceramic filled sandwich,and ceramic and epoxy resin filled sandwich.As the complexity of the sandwich structure and material composition increase,the energy absorption performance of the sub-structures and the sandwich plate as a whole is quantified.Both the incidence and exit velocities of the projectile are considered to establish the ballistic limit as well as the ballistic performance of the sandwich plates.Obtained results reveal that ceramic insertions lead to enhanced penetration resistance of the sandwich due to their high-strength and high-hardness characteristics,whereas the use of epoxy resin improves the integrity of the sandwich so that more energy of the projectile can be absorbed.Therefore,the third type of sandwich(ceramic and epoxy resin filled) achieves the highest ballistic limit velocity and the best ballistic performance mainly due to its structural integrity.


The problem of two-dimensional scattering of elastic waves by an elastic inclusion can be formulated in terms of a domain integral equation, in which the grad-div operator acts on a vector potential. The vector potential is the spatial convolution of a Green's function with the product of the density and the displacement over the domain of interest. A weak form of the integral equation for the unknown displacement is obtained by testing it with rooftop functions. This method shows excellent numerical performance.


The article checked a large quantity of date and tally up the influnce of the world weather to our country's agriculture.The direct influnce of weather change is that it will have effect on wet farm crop yield and decrease the paddy rice yield.The increase of CO2,on one hand well promote the growth of crops,on the other hand will reposes other factors that help.The increase of Ultraviolet Ray will cut down the yield as well as the percentage of protein and fat.Warming weather will effect our country's agriculture weather and plant term,layout of the crops,yield fertilizing.Also,the change of the climate will change the amount of water in rivers and lakes,change the water resourses,effect the frequncy of flood and drought as well as water quality.And all that have effects on agriculture.


We describe the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of copper damascene structures using an IC1400 pad and four different types of slurries. Two alumina-based slurries and two silica-based slurries were evaluated. After successful removal of the excess Cu, we examined the topography of the planarized structures using scanning electron microscopy. The effects of the CMP process on spacer erosion, Cu line recess, corrosion of submicrometer Cu lines, liner removal selectivity, and contamination of the patterned structures are presented. It was found that minimizing the etch rate (∼10 nm/min) of the slurry is required to achieve reproducible removal rates and unrecessed (etched) damascene structures. No dishing was observed with the utilized pad. We also show that corrosion is prone to occur in low Cu pattern density areas and that the removal of the liner material (tantalum) remains problematic because of its chemical inertness.


The invention belongs to the field of oil gas drilling technology, and relates to a carbon dioxide gas drilling apparatus and method. A gas tank and a booster pump form an original power system of the whole apparatus, the original power system is connected with an underground device through a drilling rod and a high-pressure inlet, and the bottom of a nozzle is connected with a drill. An underground piston is connected with a hydraulic scavenging valve in a power mode through hydraulic oil in a hydraulic control chamber. An upper pressure chamber of the piston and a lower pressure chamber of the piston are arranged in the piston. A first grade pressurizing chamber and a second grade pressurizing chamber are respectively arranged in the upper and lower portions of the piston, and connected in series with the high-pressure inlet and the nozzle through a non-return valve and a fluid pipe. A low-pressure outlet is arranged in the bottom of a well and connected with an annulus. The carbon dioxide gas drilling apparatus is simple in structure, reliable in principle, low in economic cost, easy to implement and environmental friendly.


The technique and technology for fabricating both LED chips and packaged LEDs based on InGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on novel SiC/Si substrates synthesized by the method of matched atomic substitution have been described. The current-voltage characteristics, luminescence spectra, and the current dependences of output power and external quantum efficiency have been studied. It is shown that the presence of pores naturally formed in the SiC/Si substrate during its growth leads to a substantial increase in the quantum efficiency of LEDs in comparison with that of LEDs fabricated on silicon without a SiC sublayer.


Core–periphery relations have always played an important role within nation-states, across regions and at the global level. Given the significance of core–periphery dynamics to state building, we would expect patterns of economic convergence and divergence to matter in the process of European integration. This chapter traces how the EU addressed its treaty commitment to 'harmonious development' as it deepened and widened following the original aim of the Treaty of Rome. We identify a series of significant phases in the EU's response to core–periphery relations. A key argument is that every major development in the EU, with the exception of the euro, was accompanied by policy provisions designed to alleviate divergence.


This research begins with the results of interviews and observations which show that the value of students' mathematical critical thinking skills in class VII SMP Negeri 1 Sungai Lala is still low and there are differences between female students and male students in the process of solving the exercises given by the teacher. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between critical thinking skills based on gender differences. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The subjects in this study were four students consisting of two female students and two male students, in which the four students were selected based on their critical thinking ability scores. The research instruments were questionnaire sheets and test questions. The data obtained will be analyzed by means of data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Based on the results of the study showed that the results of the questionnaire percentage of critical thinking skills for female students were higher than for male students. The percentage results obtained were 50.77% for female students and 49.23% for male students. The completion of critical thinking ability test questions between female students and male students has differences. Female students have been able to master the five indicators of critical thinking skills in solving test questions, while for male students there are two indicators of critical thinking abilities that they have not yet mastered. In terms of conclusion, that female students have excellent critical thinking skills while male students have good critical thinking skills.


Evaluation of machine translation output is an important but difficult task. Over the last years, a variety of automatic evaluation measures have been studied, some of them like Word Error Rate (WER), Position Independent Word Error Rate (PER) and BLEU and NIST scores have become widely used tools for comparing different systems as well as for evaluating improvements within one system. However, these measures do not give any details about the nature of translation errors. Therefore some analysis of the generated output is needed in order to identify the main problems and to focus the research efforts. On the other hand, human evaluation is a time consuming and expensive task. In this paper, we investigate methods for using of morpho-syntactic information for automatic evaluation: standard error measures WER and PER are calculated on distinct word classes and forms in order to get a better idea about the nature of translation errors and possibilities for improvements.


Italian researchers describe what they conclude to be a distinctive inflammatory dermatosis: annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth (ALDY). The authors evaluated the cases of 23 young patients (age range, 5-22 years; median, 10) who presented with annular lesions that were initially suspected to be annular erythema, inflammatory morphea, or patch- or plaque-stage mycosis …


Two thousand male, day-old Hubbard chicks were housed in 20 pens (13.5 m2) to evaluate the effects on performance and leg abnormalities of feeding 0, 200, 400, and 600 g/ton dietary sorbic acid during the starter, grower, and finisher periods. These levels of dietary sorbic acid had no significant effect on live body weight, feed conversion, mortality, or the incidence of leg abnormalities of these chicken broilers reared to roaster weight.


We studied the charge ordering transition of LiMn2O4 by means of anelastic spectroscopy, measuring the Young's modulus, E′, and the elastic energy loss function, Q−1. Our measurements confirm the occurrence of a phase transition at 296 K on cooling, showing a large hysteresis on heating. The anelastic spectroscopy results also indicate that the transformation is characterized by the coexistence of two phases. The shape of the real part of the Young's modulus seems to indicate that the elastic constant which is more strongly affected by the transition is c44, like in the case of Fe3O4. The time evolution of E′ in the coexistence region was measured. The characteristic time, τ, of this evolution rapidly decreases from 296 to 290 K and then increases on further cooling. This behaviour of τ can possibly be related to the temperature dependence of E′. The absolute value of the Young's modulus of LiMn2O4 obtained considering the effect of the porosity of the sample was estimated to be of the order of 10 GPa. Finally a new thermally activated peak, centred around 100 K at a measurement frequency of ∼1 kHz, has been observed, which cannot be described by the Debye or Fuoss–Kirkwood model. This relaxation may be ascribed to the stress-induced jumps of charges from Mn3+ to Mn4+ sites, similarly to an analogous process found in Fe3O4, or to possible small movements of the octahedra and tetrahedra composing the crystal structure.


Over the last several decades, numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of irradiation on various soft tissues. Both gamma and e-beam sources have been used with doses ranging from 17 to 80 kGy. A variety of animal models have been employed including dogs, pigs, goats and sheep and several studies have been carried out with human tissue as well. The primary tissue studied has been tendon with bone-tendon-bone as the principle tissue of interest. Various biomechanical and biochemical measurements have been employed comparing irradiated and control tissues. Measurements have included: physicochemical properties, histological changes, collagen structure and cross linking, cyclic stretching, tensile strength, maximum force and strain energy to maximum force, maximum stress, maximum strain and strain energy density to maximum stress, and Young's modulus testing. In general, increasing damage occurs with increasing doses of irradiation. At lower doses (17-20 kGy), there is some disagreement as to significant changes however decreases in strength (20-30%), and modulus (50-60%) have been reported. At doses of 25 kGy and above, biochemical, biophysical and mechanical and material properties were more significantly altered. Limited studies have also been published on irradiation effects on meniscal grafts, cartilage, heart valves, dura mater, skin, fascia, sclera and amnion. Only irradiated tissues such as cartilage and amnion have been considered acceptable since they do not require load-bearing forces and have been used in wound coverage, craniofacial repairs or other non-weight-bearing reconstruction.


Stimuli‐responsive materials offer new opportunities to resolve long‐standing material challenges and are rapidly gaining pivotal roles in diverse applications. For example, smart protective garments that rapidly transport water vapor and autonomously block chemical threats are expected to enable an effective new paradigm of adaptive personal protection. However, the incorporation of these seemingly incompatible properties into a single responsive system remains elusive. Herein, a bistable membrane that can rapidly, selectively, and reversibly transition from a highly breathable state in a safe environment to a chemically protective state when exposed to organophosphate threats such as sarin is demonstrated. Dynamic response to chemical stimuli is achieved through the physical collapse of an ultrathin copolymer layer on the membrane surface, which efficiently gates transport through membrane pores composed of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The adoption of nanometer‐wide SWNTs for ultrafast moisture conduction enables a simultaneous boost in size‐sieving selectivity and water‐vapor permeability by decreasing nanotube diameter, thereby overcoming the breathability/protection trade‐off that limits conventional membrane materials. Adaptive multifunctional membranes based on this platform greatly extend the active use of a protective garment and present exciting opportunities in many other areas including separation processes, sensing, and smart delivery.


The monograph reveals the theoretical, methodological, methodological and applied aspects of the problem of effective anti-crisis management of domestic engineering enterprises in adverse conditions of economic activity. It has been proved that the formation of effective anti-crisis management of enterprises requires not only a systematic study of sustainable development factors, but also the creation of methods for diagnosing the stage and stage of the life cycle of an enterprise, a methodology for the formation of a flexible system of evaluation indicators. The results of approbation of these methods are presented.
For scientists and managers of industrial enterprises and public services, teachers, graduate students and students.


Plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory condition of the plantar fascia inserted into the medial calcaneal tubercle that occurs as a result of plantar fascial overstressing, the result of which usually causes discomfort or pain in the soles of the feet. The main causes of plantar fasciitis are believed to be multifactoral including abnormal biomechanics of the foot, or even pain management in the leg that is late treated. Pain in plantar fasciitis usually occurs suddenly, it will be felt after waking up in the morning or after sitting too long and will disappear after being moved. Graston technique and active stretching are given to reduce plantar fasciitis pain in SPG. The dose of graston technique for 5 minutes, and active stretching for 10 seconds of exercise, 3 seconds pause, with 10 repetitions, this study was conducted for 2 weeks with 3 meetings. Selection of respondents based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and questionnaires given to employees. Methods with two groups of each sample group consisting of 10 people randomly determined. Obtained the results of the graston technique with active stretching more significantly influence the decrease in pain in plantar fasciitis.


Classification tree shows promising application in credit risk analysis as a statistic\|based pattern recognition computer\|technique. The paper presents the necessity to extend the study of classification tree in credit risk analysis after comparing it with methods of discriminant analysis. Studies are empirically carried out, and prefer classification tree to statistical methods in classification accuracy and variable selection.