Bone lesions of the proximal tibia are common findings; depending on the site, age of the patient and symptoms at the time of presentation a carefull differential diagnosis must be carried out. Benign and malignant lesion must be taken into account to perform the correct therapeutic procedure; histological findings are of fundamental importance to complete and clarify radiological findings. We present the case of a 60 years old active patient complaining of atraumatic medial knee pain. X-Rays performed at the time of the first visit to the outpatient clinic revealed an osteolityc lesion of the medial tibial condyle. We performed an MRI that highlighted a lobulated cystic lesion of the medial tibial condyle eroding the cortical bone and expanding to the surrounding soft tissue.The cavity appeared populated of a mixed and various tissue with a low signal intensity on T1 weighted images and a high signal intensity on T2 images. Differential diagnosis can be considered with epiphyseal bone lesions such as giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma or fibrous dysplasia, and also rheumatoid related lesions or ganglion cyst of bone. The tissue obtained from the incisional biopsy macroscopically revealed a clear, yellowish gelatinous and mucinous material. The microscopical histological exam confirmed a cystic area of the lesion; the lumen contained some dense, fibrous material with focal mucoid degeneration. The patient's clinical history, the imaging appearance, the locally aggressive aspect of the lesion and its slow growing together with the pathological confirmation allowed us to diagnose an intraosseous ganglion cyst. According to the age of the patient, his working and recreational habits and the moderate grade of osteoarthritis, we decided to perform an extra articular-sparing procedure: curettage and grafting with bone bank allograft (bone chips). Post operative X-Rays showed a good filing appearance of the lesion without reabsorption or any out flow of the graft. With limitations concerning the short follow up, the patient showed a very high level of satisfaction, especially in terms of pain relief and time to regain his working and recreative activities about two weeks after surgery. An accurate and long follow up must be carried out to verify the integration of the allograft and any articular degenerative progression (www.actabiomedica.it).


A compact beam scanning substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) composite right/left-handed (CRLH) leaky wave antenna (LWA) is presented in this paper. The dispersive behavior of the unit cell is discussed and compared with its equivalent circuit model. A SIW CRLH LWA that composed of 15-unit cells is designed and its transient e-field distribution for the left-handed, right-handed and transition frequencies are demonstrated by performing a full-wave simulation using CST microwave studio. The proposed antenna is designed to operate within the S-band frequency range exhibiting a continuous backfire to endfire beam scanning of 133 degrees from -68 degree at 2.05GHz up to +65 degree at 3.25GHz for the backward and forward wave radiations, respectively. The numerical results show a relatively high gain with a maximum gain of 8.6dBi at 2.55GHz and low cross-polarization for the entire band.


Flammulated Owls were systematically surveyed in the Spring Mountains, southern Nevada, in ponderosa pine forests mixed with pinyon, juniper, mountain mahogany, and Gambel oak at lower elevations; and aspen, limber pine, and white fir at higher elevations. One hundred and fifty survey points were visited from May through July, 2002, on 4,900 ha of potentially suitable Flammulated Owl habitat. Fifteen territorial males were located at considerably lower densities than Flammulated Owls in other parts of their breeding range, but this was more owls than documented in any other mountain range in Nevada. Nesting was confirmed in one territory and we estimated that Flammulated Owls initiated breeding in late May and nestlings fledged in the middle of July in the Spring Mountains.


The strong wind weather in Fujian caused by Typhoon "Dujuan" started earlier, and distributed wider. The paper analyzed the impact of weather-scale circulation condition, compared the data of representative stations, and used MM5 to numerically simulate the pressure field, wind field and flow field of typhoon.At last, the results showed that the inverse terrain trough of Taiwan played an important role in the strong wind weather. Furthermore, was explained the development of the inverse terrain trough of Taiwan.


Based on the authors' field research, the article analyzes preservation and transformation of the faith in the spirits of home space among the Chuvash population of Ulyanovsk region. To establish the current state of the problem under study, in 2020 the authors conducted a survey of residents of different age categories and gender residing the village of Nizhnyaya Yakushka in Novomalyklinsky region. Among the respondents, women of the middle and older age groups were more superstitious. The study also showed preservation of the system of representations and rituals associated with the spirits of the home space, among which faith in the house sprite occupies an important place. To a lesser extent, there continues to be a belief in other mythological creatures (bath house gnome, granary gnome), allegedly living in outbuildings, which, according to the villagers, ensure prosperity and well-being of the household.


Direct-cut grass silage was ensiled without compression in laboratory silos for 0–75 d. On occasions during this period, the silage was subjected to creep compression tests at three pressure levels for a period of 5 h and effluent production was measured. Precision-chopped Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) was ensiled in the first experiment, whereas flail-harvested perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was ensiled in the second. Pressure levels were 11·3, 16·9 and 22·5 kPa for Experiment 1 and 5·7, 11·3 and 16·9 kPa for Experiment 2. Moisture contents of the ensiled herbage were 815 and 856 g kg−1 for Experiments 1 and 2 respectively. The consolidation of the grass silage was described by a Burgers body model. Effluent production was more closely related to strain than to compressibility. Linear regression equations for the relationship between strain and effluent production are presented. There was a significant positive linear relationship between pressure and effluent production at each silo opening time in both experiments. The time course of effluent production was fitted to a negative exponential curve. The time that elapsed before effluent release in each experiment was a function of both pressure and time after ensilage. The results of the experiments were compared with the predictions of two models of effluent production. Reasonable agreement between predicted and actual effluent production could be obtained provided the measured material parameters were used and immediate saturation of the forage was assumed. Using the models highlighted the need for a better understanding of saturation development in the silage.


The Digital Twin (DT), as a real-time and data-connected virtual replica of a physical asset, introduces a new paradigm in the construction industry. To date, the use of DT in the construction phase has not been addressed sufficiently. Hence, this research studies the implementation of DT during the construction phase of projects to support general contractors' decisions and operations. Starting from existing literature, a Construction Digital Twin (CDT) framework has been developed from a general contractor's perspective and a case study was implemented as an application of the proposed CDT to validate the framework and demonstrate its benefits. In the selected project, the simulation of the construction operations in evaluating various "what-if" scenarios for optimum resource allocation and operation management proved the benefits of using a CDT in the construction phase of projects for general contractors. By implementing the proposed CDT framework, several impacts such as reduced costs, improved collaboration and information exchange and data-driven construction management can be anticipated.


A new type of geometry for terahertz traveling-wave photomixers, vertically pumped free-space by two detuned continuous-wave diode lasers, is proposed and experimentally verified for devices based on low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs). It combines the advantages of conventional interdigitated small area structures and traveling-wave devices. An output power of 1 μW at the mixing frequency of 1 THz was measured as a first result, which meets power requirements for superconducting heterodyne mixer devices.


Summary Enzymic systems are responsible for most, if not all, of the body9s metabolic processes, and hormones probably control these processes by affecting specific enzymes. Enzymes control only the velocities of chemical reactions, but this does not imply that the results of enzymic alteration are limited to quantitative changes only. On the contrary, it is shown that changes in the concentrations of enzymes and hormones may lead, as the concentrations pass certain critical levels, to changes sudden and catastrophic. Some therapeutic implications are discussed.


The notion of decisive coalitions of voters with different grades of decisiveness is a part of the mathematical framework for many models in social choice theory. More generally, we study aggregation problems in which a subgroup of decision makers have the right to determine the properties of the aggregate. Then, we introduce property spaces and rights to properties and characterize aggregation operators that are consistent with rights to properties. Moreover, we define congruences in property spaces, and we propose a generalization of the Sugeno integral in our framework.


In 17 years old Golden Delicious apple trees under 'on' and 'off year' conditions, major amount of mineral nutrients was removed by the harvested fruits followed by pruning wood, whereas abscised flowers, fruitlets and senescent leaves contributed little amount to the total uptake. Trees in 'on year' removed 71.6 kg N, 22.7 kg P, 170 kg K, 21.5 kg Ca and kg Mg/ha whereas trees in 'off year' conditions removed 15.9 kg N, 3.2 kg P, 27 kg K, kg Ca and 1.8 kg Mg/hectare. This showed that' 'on year' trees removed more amount of mineral nutrients than the 'off year' trees, indicating that crop load largely determines the nutrient uptake of the trees and should be used as a guide for the fertilization of apple trees.


This study uses publicly available information for European firms and recent machine learning algorithms to predict future revenues in an IFRS context, examining the benefits of predictive analytics for both preparers and users of these financial projections. For this purpose, the study evaluates the prediction quality of the forecasting models applied and compares them with each other and with the prediction quality of sell-side financial analysts' forecasts. Our empirical results, based on 3,000 firm-year observations from 2010 to 2019, demonstrate that machine learning provides comparably accurate or even more accurate revenue forecasts than financial analysts. Therefore, the study highlights the considerable potential of machine learning and predictive analytics for improving the forecasting process in general and, in particular, to increase the accuracy, transparency, and objectivity of the forecasts. Since the latter also reduce information asymmetry between firms and investors, machine learning and predictive analytics contribute to capital market efficiency.


Currently, the interest of the food industry on the use of probiotics in order to provide beneficial effects is increasing. However, one limitation is getting microorganisms to survive in food matrices. In this work, protective effect of exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus NCFB 2772 on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG survival during semi-ripening of cheese, was analyzed. Ripening was carried out at 14 ° C for 28 days in a controlled RH chamber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to determine interactions of probiotic with the exopolysaccharide. During ripening process, the proteolytic activity was determined through TNBS, SDS-PAGE and size exclusion-HPLC techniques. Viability of probiotic was measured by plate count. Cheese inoculated with both strains showed an improvement in probiotic survival. Exopolysaccharide was shown to have an effect on protein aggregation and cheese structural uniformity. Micrographs revealed a direct interaction between probiotic and exopolysaccharide. Proteolytic capacity did not decrease, and the generation and decrease of low molecular weight peptides (less than 3 kDa) was verified throughout the ripening process. Thus, using an exopolysaccharide-producing strain during cheese ripening has a positive effect on probiotic survival when they are used as starter cultures.


A kind of natural, sustainable, and abundant biomass, chitin, is used as support to load palladium nanoparticles catalyst (Pd–chitin) for the transfer hydrogenation of phenolic compounds to ketones...


Combining terminology from (Schae er,1966) and (Cadoz,1988), we maydi erentiate three di erent action-sound types, as presented in (God˝y,2006): impulsive, sustained and iterative. As shown in Figure1, each ofthe action-sound types may be identi ed from the energy pro les of boththe action and the sound.


Significance The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are critical regulators of development. Mutation or dysregulation of RUNX genes have been associated with diverse cancer types. Phosphorylation of the strictly conserved threonine 173 (T173) residue within the Runt domain of RUNX3 disrupts DNA binding activity, which facilitates the recruitment of RUNX proteins to mitotic structures. Moreover, RUNX3 deficiency is associated with delayed mitotic entry. The tight conservation of T173 and its flanking residues from unicellular organism to human, and the fact that mitosis is indispensable to all metazoans, strongly indicate that T173 phosphorylation is fundamental to the role of RUNX in these divergent organisms. Cancer-associated mutation T173I further corroborates the critical role of RUNX phosphorylation in mitosis. The Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) are master regulators of development and major players in tumorigenesis. Interestingly, unlike most transcription factors, RUNX proteins are detected on the mitotic chromatin and apparatus, suggesting that they are functionally active in mitosis. Here, we identify key sites of RUNX phosphorylation in mitosis. We show that the phosphorylation of threonine 173 (T173) residue within the Runt domain of RUNX3 disrupts RUNX DNA binding activity during mitotic entry to facilitate the recruitment of RUNX proteins to mitotic structures. Moreover, knockdown of RUNX3 delays mitotic entry. RUNX3 phosphorylation is therefore a regulatory mechanism for mitotic entry. Cancer-associated mutations of RUNX3 T173 and its equivalent in RUNX1 further corroborate the role of RUNX phosphorylation in regulating proper mitotic progression and genomic integrity.


By means of instruments now in use, the student of Experimental Phonetics can study and record the movements of the following organs of speech : the glottis; the soft-palate; the lower jaw; the lips; the base of the tongue taken externally under the chin; the tongue as its action is indicated by the conduct of its upper surface with the hard-palate.1 * * * * * * The movements of the tongue, properly speaking, cannot as yet be recorded, the nearest approach being the method described by Professor Grandgent in the Pub. of the Mod. Lang. Assoc, of America, sup. to vol. V, 2.8 This method, although extremely slow and requiring the utmost patience and discretion, is none the less capable of great accuracy for single sounds. It may be doubted whether there has yet appeared in Experimental Phonetics any work more accurate than the above-mentioned researches of Professor Grandgent. It is also possible to record by means of instruments the action of the diaphragm, which determines the action of the lungs; the variations and vibrations in the air which comes from the nose; the variations and vibrations in the column of air which comes from the mouth; the varying pressure and vibrations of the air taken within the mouth.®


This article discusses the use of analogy to index and organize large databases of information We describe the design and implementation of an analogical database supporting tens to hundreds of thousands of cases The contents of the database are parsed news articles represented as networks of grammatical relations with references into WordNet for word meaning information The virtue of this approach is its domain independent handling of content analysis Efficient algorithms for indexing and matching in this database are described and briefly discussed and examples of their performance are discussed.


A method of reducing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine by selective catalytic reduction (SCR) comprises contacting the exhaust gas also containing ammonia and oxygen with a catalytic converter comprising a catalyst (2) comprising at least one crystalline small-pore molecular sieve catalytically active component (ZM,I)having a maximum ring opening of eight tetrahedral basic building blocks, which crystalline small-pore molecular sieve catalytically active component (ZM,I) comprising mesopores.


This contribution reports on recent advances in the utilization of vacuum glass in contemporary window construction. Generally speaking, vacuum glazing consists of two glass panes with an evacuated interstitial space. To maintain the functionality of the glazing, a vacuum-tight edge seal and a grid of distance-holding pillars are required. Vacuum glazing features a first-rate thermal performance as it significantly reduces conductive and convective heat transport rates. In comparison to multi-pane insulation glasses of comparable thermal performance, vacuum glass products feature a reduced weight and construction depth. However, the application of vacuum glass in windows requires a critical rethinking of the current practice of window construction, especially with regard to thermal bridges and the related surface condensation risk at the glass/frame-construction joints. Specifically, the glass edge seal, which can be considered to be the weak spot of vacuum glass in terms of heat transfer, requires an insulating cover that is not provided in typical insulation glass frame configurations. Further relevant aspects to be considered include the structural stability of window constructions with vacuum glass, the acoustical performance, and issues regarding usability. In this context, the present contribution highlights the methodology and findings of two recent research projects (MOTIVE, FIVA) that addressed window construction requirements with regard to vacuum glazing deployment.


This article investigated how age and cancer are associated with goal commitment in recently diagnosed cancer patients and healthy controls. One hundred and thirty-two cancer patients and 132 healthy control group members generated a list of present goals and assessed perceived difficulty of goals, effort for goal attainment, influence of health on goal attainment, and anticipated time of goal attainment. In regression analyses, main effects of cancer status on life goals were found, indicating among cancer patients a lower total number of goals; a focus on social, transcendental, and health-related rather than achievement-related goals; higher perceived difficulty of goals; lower effort to attain one's goals; stronger perceived negative health effects on goal attainment; and a stronger focus on short-term rather than long-term goals. In addition, main effects of age indicated an age-associated reduction in the number of goals and a shift away from achievement-related goals toward easier and short-term goals and higher effort for goal attainment. Further, age differences in goal variables were stronger in healthy controls than in cancer patients.


The problem of information and psychological warfare as the main type of geopolitical expansion with Postmodernism is discussed. Definitions of categories of ideological boundaries, ideological space and ideological power are given. The main factors contributing to the creation, preservation and enhancement of ideological boundaries are determined.
ideological boundary; ideological space; new spaces; geopolitical actor; expansion; public opinion; value priorities; mental resources; ideological power; Modernism; Postmodernism


It is important to have a valid measure of parenting stress in the Lithuanian language as parenting can be a problematic field of family life in Lithuania. According to the results of an international study dealing with 24 countries, Lithuania is the second country (and has the leading position in Europe) where parents have evaluated their children as having the most behavioral and emotional problems (Rescorla, Achenbach et al., 2011). The reliability, factor structure, concurrent and discriminant validity of the Parenting Stress Index (PSI, Abidin, 1995) was examined for 1228 mothers of children aged between 2.5 and 6 years. Methods: Parenting Stress Index, Child Behavior Checklist 1.5−5 (CBCL 1.5–5, Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000), Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ short form, Robinson et al., 2001). An exploratory factor analysis of the 13 PSI scales indicated that the original two−factor solution (Child and Parent characteristics domains) fits the data best. Concurrent and discriminant validity was supported. The Lithuanian version of the Parenting Stress Index is a valid and reliable measure for assessment of distress related to parenthood.


This paper examines considerations in matching multimedia corporate communications with enterprise communication objectives and emerging broadband information infrastructure capabilities. Applications are for corporate communications, distance learning, just-in-time information and interactive communications.


A process for preparing a porous metal organic framework comprising at least one organic at least bidentate compound coordinated to at least one metal ion, wherein the at least one metal ion is based on an aluminum ion and at least one compound at least bidentate organic is based fumaric acid, comprising the step of reacting at least one aluminum compound with at least fumaric acid in an aqueous alkaline medium, optionally in the presence of at least one base, at a temperature in the range 20 to 100 ° C at a pressure not exceeding 200 kPa for 0.2 to 4 hours, wherein the base is a hydroxide of an alkali metal or a mixture of a plurality of different alkali metal hydroxides.


No changes During pregnancy most "liver function tests" Serum transaminases show some deviations from the normal, particularly Serum 5'-nueleotidaset during the later weeks. In most cases the abnormalities are of minor degree and rapidly resolve after delivery.' Table 1 summarizes these changes in relation to the stage of gestation. The most valuable tests to assess liver function are those that remain normal in uncomplicated pregnancy. These are serum transaminases, prothrombin time, and, with some limitations, y-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (see later). Among the serum enzymes, the changes in alkaline phosphatase are most often noted. For all uncomplicated pregnancies, mean values rise slowly during the first half of pregnancy, then sharply during the seventh month, and reach twice the upper limit of normal at term. From heat stability studies, it is evident that the rise in alkaline phosphatase level is due to placental alkaline phosphatase (thermostable fraction) and not to liver, biliary, or bone alkaline phosphatase (relatively thermolabile fraction). Serum leucine aminopeptidase behaves similarly to alkaline phosphatase. For serum 5'-nucleotidase, both no change2 and an increase in activity394 have been found in the last trimester. It is not clear whether these discrepancies are due to differences in methodology. Serum G G T activity does not change in pregnancy.5 However, estrogen and/or progestational compounds affect the liver so that less G G T is released into blood with acute hepatocellular injury. In addition, hyperbilirubinemia is associated with depressed G G T activity, and bilirubin added to serum in vitro interferes with the measurement of enzyme a ~ t i v i t y . ~


The invention discloses a steaming-boiling bag capable of pre-storing a food for a microwave oven. The steaming-boiling bag is that two rows of male strips and female grooves which engage with each other are arranged at inner opposite positions of a bag body and respectively connected to the bag body through two films; at least one exhaust hole is formed between the male strips or female grooves at one side of the bag body or the film between the male strips and the female grooves; a tearing layer or single-layer film material is arranged at the outer layer of the exhaust hole; when filling materials, materials cannot leak from the exhaust hole, and that impurities or air bacteria permeate through the hole when moving the bag or after long-term positioning can be avoided, so that the quality guarantee period of the food can be prolonged; the tail end of the tearing strip is reinforced and thermally sealed, so that the tearing strip can be fixed well on the bag body; when the tail end firmly remains on the bag body during tearing, people cannot throw the torn tearing strip at random, and therefore, the convenience is increased for the user, and the environment cannot be polluted.


Cyclic oscillations in the level of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in phagosomes, regulated by two phosphoinositide kinases and one phosphatase, are critical for phagosome maturation and degradation of apoptotic cells.


A membrane reactor is a reaction system that provides higher productivity and lower separation cost in chemical reaction processes. In this paper, packed bed catalytic membrane reactor with palladium membrane for methane steam reforming was analyzed both experimentally and numerically. The numerical model consists of a full set of partial differential equations derived from conservation of mass, momentum, heat and chemical species, respectively, with chemical kinetics and appropriate boundary conditions for the problem. The solution of this system was obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To perform CFD calculations, a commercial solver FLUENT has been used and the selective permeation through the membrane has been modeled by user defined functions. The CFD simulation resulted to exhibit the flow distribution in the reactor by inserting a membrane protection tube, in addition to the temperature and concentration distribution in the axial and radial directions in the reactor, as reported as membrane reactor numerical simulation. On the basis of the simulation results, effects of the flow distribution, concentration polarization and mass transfer in the packed bed will be shown in the presentation to design a membrane reactor system.


In 2014, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed to submit the Intended Nationality Determined Contributions (INDCs) at the conference of parties held in Lima, Peru. Then, the South Korean government submitted the INDCs including GHGs reduction target and reduction potential on July, 2015. The goal of this study is to predict GHGs emission and to analyze reduction potential in agricultural sector of Korea. Activity data to estimate GHGs emission was forecast by Korea Agricultural Simulation Model (KASMO) of Korea Rural Economic Institute and estimate methodology was taken by the IPCC and guideline for MRV (Measurement, Reporting and Verification) of national greenhouse gases statistics of Korea. The predicted GHGs emission of agricultural sectors from 2021 to 2030 tended to decrease due to decline in crop production and its gap was less after 2025. Increasing livestock numbers such as sheep, horses, swine, and ducks did not show signigicant impact the total GHGs emission. On a analysis of the reduction potential, GHGs emission was expected to reduce 253 Gg CO₂ -eq . by 2030 with increase of mid-season water drainage area up to 95% of total rice cultivation area. The GHGs reduction potential with intermittent drainage technology applied to 10% of the tatal paddy field area, mid-drainage and no organic matter would be 92 Gg CO₂ -eq . by 2030.


The consolidation of the zone as an industrial area of strategic national importance had as one of its principle spatial consequences the construction of an ...


In this article, we investigate the origins and dynamics of cyclical behaviour in the IT sector. Our lead--lag analysis shows the historical cyclical patterns involved in the global semiconductor industry, the computer industry, and the flat panel display industry. Based on the Granger causality tests derived from a vector autoregressive (VAR) model, we find that in the global semiconductor industry, changes in capacity utilization precede changes in sales, which in turn leads to changes in semiconductor price. Copyright 2011 The Author 2011. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Associazione ICC. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.


Hickman catheters are tunneled central venous catheters used for long-term venous access in children with malignancies. The appropriate management for various kinds of catheter related complications has become a major issue. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, demographic, and surgical charact...


Palaemonetes varians has been recorded at 11 localities in southern Norway and one locality in Bohuslän, Sweden. Its habitat is brackish water lakes and shallow, coastal lagoons of variable salinity (0.9–25.3). In Oslofjord, lagoons are rare, and P. varians was only found at one locality, Stokke in the county of Vestfold, on the western side of the fjord. No specimens were recorded along the coast north of Strömstad, Bohuslän, which is far north of previous records in Sweden. The occurrence of P. varians in southern Norway seems to be quite isolated from its main distribution in Europe. In high and medium saline (salinity > 5) biotopes, P. varians often occurred with Palaemon elegans and/or P. adspersus, which are common in more open and turbulent biotopes along the coast. In shared localities, P. varians seemed to be competitively displaced by the larger Palaemon species into large stands of telmatophytic vegetation, and few were found in open water. At low salinities (< 5), as the only caridean present, P. varians occurred in great numbers everywhere in large, brackish water lakes and lagoons. Crangon crangon was found at similarly low salinities, but not in lagoons.


AIM:To study the chemical constituents of Alternanthera philoxeroides. METHODS:Chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Sixteen compounds,ursolic acid (1),indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2),indole-3-carboxylic acid (3),p-coumaric acid (4),azelaic acid (5),N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (6),blumenol A (7),2-hydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (8),rubiadin 1-methyl ether (9),rubiadin (10),quercetin (11),luteolin (12),chrysoeriol 6-C-β-boivinopyranosyl-7-O-β-glucopyranoside (13),alternanthin (14),stigmasta-5,22-dien-3β-ol (15),and α-spinasterol (16) were obtained from the EtOAc extract of Alternanthera philoxeroides. CONCLUSION: Compounds 1~13 have been isolated from the plant for the first time.


Churchman's framework for inquiring systems has been used by authors interested in taking more than just a positivistic approach to information systems development. This framework is used by Churchman to explore the nature of the design process and the philosophical implications arising. Inquiring systems are supported by a set of conditions, which define three generic roles, played in the design and implementation of inquiring systems. These roles are compared with the generic roles of information systems development identified by Hirschheim and Klein. Churchman develops his ideas using the cause-effect model of physical science, which supports the software engineering approach to information systems development. However, this framework does not completely support interpretative approaches to information systems development, such as Checkland's Soft Systems Methodology. The problems found are shown to relate to the measure of performance and how it is implemented. The significance of this analysis comes from the range of environments that information systems development takes place in from safety critical systems to computer-supported co-operative working, not all of which follow the cause-effect paradigm.


OBJECTIVE To establish a compound model of allergic rhinitis caused by spleen-qi deficiency and to explore the internal relation between spleen-qi deficient constitution and allergic rhinitis so as to provide experimental evidence for applying the method of warming yang and invigorate qi into clinic.METHODS The allergic rhinitis models caused by spleen-qi deficiency was set up though purgative therapy of Dahuang,improper diet,overtiredness as well as ovalbumin and then the method of warming yang and invigorating qi was used to treat the condition.RESULTS The model animals appeared of nasal symptoms(nasal itching,sneezing,and nasal mucus),nasal secretions and blood acidophilus granulocyte(EOS),the passive-cutaneous-anaphylaxis(PCA) test showed obvious positive,and rat serum IL-5,eosinophilic cells cationic protein(ECP) content increased(P0.01),After herbal treatment,the symptoms of the model group were reduced,and the content of IL-5 and ECP in rats' serum lowered.CONCLUSION Animals with spleen-qi deficiency are more likely to have allergic rhinitis compared with normal ones under the same condition of sensitization,so warming yang and invigorating qi Fang has certain efficacy in treating allergic rhinitis caused by spleen-qi deficiency.


Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has become an important clinical tool, serving as a quantitative indicator of the chemical composition of tissue, whether sampled in vitro or in vivo. In particular, 1H-MRS provides detailed biochemical information of tissues of interest and is increasingly used in tumors diagnosis and grading, where a number of automated decision support have shown promising results. Statistical pattern recognition (PR) techniques have an important role in the allocation of spectra to diagnostic classes because they utilise the multivariate nature of spectraHowever, the very large number of spectral components combined with significant noise effects, especially when acquired in vivo, pose substantial difficulties for their statistical analysis, and severely limit to generalise to future data the conclusion from studies using limited number of samples. Linear statistical models commonly be applied after the dimensionality of the spectrum has been reduced to a fraction of the number of samples available, and the reproducibility of the results obtained is strongly dependent on how this parsimony is achieved. Previous studies have passed on clinically identified variables of interest, typically area ratios or attempted to identify the most predictive frequency components. We propose a systematic variable selection methodology based on a well established statistical technique know as the bootstrap to select subset of variable for linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to classify different tissue types to class. This is complemented by the further use of the bootstrap to provide robust estimates of the accuracy of the discriminant models when they are applied to future data.The multivariate structure of MRS also makes it very difficult to visualise the separation between different tissues types. A 2-dimensional map of the class membership of the spectra also has considerable potential as a graphical aid for interactive decision support for differential diagnosis by clinicians. Therefore, we propose the application of a planar representation of the spectra, which preserves their relationship to the multivariate class means and variances. In this way, the discriminatory power for different selections of frequency components can be visually demonstrated. Finally, a reject option is introduced into the graphical display with the aim of minimising the risks of misclassification by the explicit visualisation of the overlap between spectra from tumor.


Abstract The Australian home is a crucial site for both normalising and contesting acceptable modes of sexual identity, desire and behaviour. Social norms and government policies have imbricated the detached suburban dwelling with the heterosexual nuclear family form, consequently heterosexualising the ideal Australian home. But this discourse is simultaneously challenged by the domestic practices of gay men and lesbians, who use their homes to consolidate gay/lesbian identities, relationships and communities. As such, they unsettle the normative heterosexuality underpinning dominant, ideal conceptions of home. In this paper I present four vignettes which illustrate how some gay men and lesbians queer the ideal Australian home, generating domestic spaces which affirm sexual difference. In doing so, I highlight two key ways in which this process of 'queering home' works. First, through certain uses of home—activities taking place within domestic space. Second, through changes to the materiality of domestic space itself wrought by some homemaking practices, effectively embedding gay/lesbian identities and relationships within the physical environment of the home.


is an important regulator of many cardiac functions. However, regulation of intracellular activity in the heart is not well characterized. To assess the effect of histamine -receptor stimulation on intracellular regulation, changes in extracellular concentration were examined under a variety of conditions in perfused guinea pig hearts. in the cardiac perfusate was measured by atomic absorbance spectrophotometry. The histamine ( M) inuced a marked efflux from the heart. The -receptor antagonists, cimetidine ( M), ranitidined ( M), but not a H1-receptor antagonist, diphenhydramine ( M), completely blocked the histamine-induced efflux. The efflux could also be induced by forskolin ( M), 8-Cl-cAMP ( M), permeable cAMP analogue, or dimaprit, ( M). However, the carbachol ( M) considerably decreased the efflux of . In the presence of papaverine ( M), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, dimaprit-induced efflux was potentiated. These results suggest that a significant efflux from perfused guinea pig heart by histamine can be induced by the histamine -receptor stimulation and it is suggested that cytosolic cAMP may be linked.


It has been demonstrated that almost 20% of the Mexican population has the presence ABCA1 R230C polymorphism that is associated with obesity and low HDL concentration. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the presence of the R230C polymorphism in the ABCA1 gene and the biochemical parameters in subjects with metabolic syndrome. We studied 700 Mexican subjects (139 men, 561 women). The number of participants with MS was 270, from this 60 subjects (22%) had the R230 C polymorphism. Interestingly, subjects with MS and the R230C showed lower serum HDL‐C concentration than tthose with the R230R (p>0.0001). Thus, the presence of this polymorphism increase the susceptibility to have low HDL cholesterol, one of the components of the metabolic syndrome.


A centering device includes a pivoting part configured to pivot around a first axis that extends along an axial direction of a hole formed in the pivoting part; a roller attached to a first end of the pivoting part and configured to rotate; a rod attached to a second end of the pivoting part and configured to move along a second axis; a spring mechanism enclosing a part of the rod and configured to apply a biasing force to the pivoting part; and a rod housing configured to receive an end of the rod and to allow the rod to freely move through the rod housing.


Precipitation trends in China with special emphasis on the Yangtze catchment area have been analysed. Significant positive and negative trends for the second half of last century have been detected for different regions on a monthly scale. The interpolation of the trends lead to characteristic spatial trend patterns in China. The analysis of long-term precipitation records in the Yangtze catchment area revealed a concentration of summer precipitation within a shorter period of time on the monthly scale and a distinct cyclicity for some stations on the annual scale.


The problem of external markets for industrial products is even more deeply rooted in capitalist commodity production. According to Kautsky, capitalism is constantly in need of new markets to swallow the increasing amount of commodities produced by the industrially developed countries. Capitalismhas a permanent tendency towards overproduction. Overproduction – or rather underconsumption – is the basis of the relation between the industrial and the agrarian countries, which is an essential part of Kautsky's thinking on modern capitalism and his theory of imperialism and ultra-imperialism. The reasons behind the conception of general overproduction are not altogether clear: why cannot all industrial commodities be absorbed by the consumers of the industrial countries? In this sense, Kautsky seemed to be sharing a conception widely accepted by the Marxists of the Second International. On the most abstract level, the problem of overproduction seems to be a result of the very nature of capitalism as the production of surplus value. In her Accumulation of Capital of 1913, Rosa Luxemburg1 formulated the problem facing the accumulation of capital in a most pronounced manner: the accumulation of capital faces the principle difficulty of realising its surplus product. According to Luxemburg, the continuous accumulation of capital would require a continuous and increasing demand for commodities. And this demand cannot be satisfied within a capitalist economy. As the starting point of her analysis of the conditions of the accumulation of capital, Luxemburg takes the relation between the two departments of production in capitalism as formulated in the reproduction schemes of the second volume of Marx's Capital.Maintaining the right proportion between the twodepartments of production –Department i producing themeans of production andDepartment ii producing the provisions or consumer goods – is as such a permanent problem in capitalism, because there is no predetermined plan formaintaining the right proportion. In principle, it is still possible for accumulation to continue as long as the right proportion is maintained, and no necessary economic collapse can be deduced from the relative development of these two departments of production; still, there is a permanent problem of effective demand in capitalism:


The term globalisation has come to depict the recent global economic, political and social restructuring, and modes by which we now interpret our world (Featherstone, 1996). Jameson (1998 p.56) is one of many theorists who group the various characterisations of globalisation into the "twin, and not altogether commensurate, faces" of hegemonic and universalising economic-political globalism, and the fragmented, diverse and opening cultural form (also Beck, 2000). Within the former, the processes of universalised homogenisation are embodied in widespread neoliberal reform. Everyone, suggests Santos (2001), is integrated into globalism either as included privileged elites, or by the specific ways in which they remain outside the global economy yet provide sweatshop labour, resources and markets. Sociocultural theorisations on the other hand, emphasise the divergence in local adaptations of larger global forces. These adaptations continually challenge dominant values and knowledge, ensuring diversity, fragmentation, and plurality have become the leitmotifs of the global age. Local, regional and transnational movements have enabled the development of innovative social life and radicalised communities (Santos, 2001). Globalisation thus, can be thought of as a complex dialectic of both political-economic and sociocultural transformations, as likely to enhance the particular or the local, as it is the universal or global.


Customer loyalty is an important issue in the field of services marketing.Services marketing has its own special characteristics being different from traditional product marketing,the methods of which can not solve the problems of services marketing concerning customer loyalty.The essay,in view of the specialty of services marketing,analyses such influential factors to customer loyalty as customer trust,customer satisfaction,brand effect,cost transfer and substitute's attraction,and proposes such sales strategies as understanding customer's expectation,designing proper service project and standards,providing service to the standards and ensuring dialogues between customer and services marketing provider,so as to fill the gap between the customer expectation for and experience of service and thus raise customer loyalty in services marketing.


A method and apparatus for optimizing registration and paging in a group communication system uses a mobility of not only the area of the paging of the mobile stations the mobile stations (104, 106) to minimize the frequency of registrations performed by the mobile station. When mobile stations have a low moving state, the base station 110 by reducing the area of paging the mobile station, the paging channel load is reduced.


Cu is in the spotlight as it represents the only metal capable of catalyzing CO2 reduction to multicarbon products. However, its catalytic performance is determined collectively by a number of para...


Objective: To investigate the status quo and the development of the departments of the anesthesiology (DA) in the military hospitals in the past five years. Method: 154 military hospitals were involved in this questionnaire survey and comparative analysis was made with the similar survey in 1997.Results: Compared with the survey in 1997, the working spectrum of DA was expanded, and the educational levels of the anesthesiologists were improved. But as a whole, most of these hospitals were severely lack of the anesthesiologists and engineering technicians. Conclusions: As considering the working spectrum of the DA in the military hospitals, obvious progresses have been made, but we still have a long way to go. As the ratio of the highly educated anesthesiologists is still comparatively low, the systemic incumbency education has become an exigent task for us.


The purpose of the work was to develop a typical shape of water surface profi le above trapezoidal gabion sill with the sharpcrested weir on the upstream slope. Reduced co-ordinates of the water surface profile above trapezoidal gabion sill with a sharp-crested weir on the upstream slope were developed. The ordinate points of the contour were reduced in relation to the height of the upstream water level above the sharp-crested weir. The cut off points of the contour were reduced according to the length of the zone influencing the stream to the inside of the stone sill. In the analyzes, the results of laboratory tests were used, according to which the shape of the free surface profile reduced coordinates was developed. The analyzed sill consisted of the permeable part filled natural aggregates and the solid part in the form of an inclined sharp-crested weir. The sill had a symetrical trapezoidal shape with the slopes of 1 : 1. The shape of the stream flowing over the analyzed sill depends on the head of the upstream water level above the crest of the slope weir. As a result of the conducted analyzes, a uniform stream shape was obtained for both the free and wave flow of the disturbance zone. The profiles obtained have strong correlation dependence. The obtained results can be taken into account during design similar hydraulic structures.


Different solutions are offered today for modelling multilingual terminological data. In this article, we focus on the description of two approaches: on the one hand, the model proposed in the context of ISO TC 37/SC 3, based on the adoption of the Terminological Markup Framework/TermBase eXchange standards; on the other hand, the 'Lemon' model and, more generally, the Ontology Web Language adopted in the framework of the Semantic Web. The aim of this study is to propose a contrastive multilevel analysis between these two paradigms, with the ultimate goal of highlighting their divergences and convergences. The terminological case study chosen to test the two approaches is represented by the pathology known as 'body dysmorphic disorder', which poses challenges in terms of conceptual and linguistic representation. Starting from the phenomena of reconceptualization and denominative variation of this disorder, we will show that the two models are based on diverging but complementary theoretical and methodological perspectives.


Stereotypes about which demographic groups are more or less likely to sentence a defendant to death operate as implicit starting hypotheses in capital cases, informing how attorneys examine jurors during voir dire. This hypotheses-influenced information reinforces the starting stereotypes and potentially exacerbates the influence of the stereotypes themselves on strike decisions. Evidence also suggests that both prosecutors and defense counsel use race as a proxy for bias despite the constitutional prohibition. In these instances, voir dire may serve as a tool to develop race-neutral justifications for the anticipated race-based strikes. In either instance, the voir dire process itself might contribute to the improper influence of race.
This study of jury selection for 600 potential jurors across twelve randomly selected North Carolina capital cases uses conversation analysis to look behind the race effects observed in the exercise of peremptory strikes for evidence of ways race influences the process that produces those decisions. We adapted the Roter Interaction Analysis System, a widely used framework for understanding the dynamics of patient–clinician communication during clinical encounters and a framework with well-established reliability and predictive validity, to the legal setting for the first time.
Under this rigorous and exacting method of conversation analysis, we assigned one of 46 mutually exclusive codes to every complete thought any speaker expressed. In the analysis presented here, we grouped these codes into mutually exclusive categories of speech based on content and affect. This created a "conversation profile" with four distinct components: education/orientation speech, data gathering speech, relationship building speech, and conflict speech.
The findings presented here focus on prosecutors' conversations with 179 black and white jurors eligible to be dismissed by a state peremptory strike. These findings begin to suggest ways in which the evaluation of fitness for jury service itself is skewed and contributes to racial disparities in jury selection. Prosecutors not only struck potential black jurors at a higher rate, they spoke differently to the black potential jurors they struck, and showed more conflict with black potential jurors overall. Moreover, the racial diversity of the panel of jurors affected the discourse: when the proportion of black potential jurors was bigger, prosecutors engaged in less education and orientation and more data gathering with the black potential jurors.
While these findings echo or perhaps restate the overwhelming evidence of racial bias shown by disparate strikes, they provide new insight into ways in which prosecutors may be approaching the decision-making process differently for black and white potential jurors. The results presented here provide an important foundation for future research.


79 Figure 1 Cancer group vs benign group differences Disclosures Our study exhibits a sensitive method to differentiate between a benign and malignant paraffin block preparation. With further research, this technique could become an alternative to conventional histopathology. #107 SARCOMAS OF THE BREAST: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OVER 25 YEARS FROM A SINGLE INSTITUTION Fadoua Bouguerra*, Hayfa Haj Abdallah, Wael Kaabia, Mohamed Souissi, Sabrine Tbessi, Bouzid Nadia, Samia Belajouza, Sameh Tebra. Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia 10.1136/ijgc-2023-ESGO.236 Introduction/Background Breast sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms that account for less than 1% of all breast cancers. Although surgery is considered the gold standard treatment, the management of adjuvant therapy remains controversial and uncertain. The objective of our work is to evaluate the therapeutic modalities of breast sarcomas by analyzing local experience. Methodology We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of 14 cases of breast sarcoma treated at the Farhat Hached Hospital oncological radiotherapy department in Sousse, Tunisia, between 1995 and 2020. We analyzed patient characteristics, surgical procedures, and adjuvant therapy modalities. Abstracts A114 Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023;33(Suppl 3):A1–A453 on O cber 3, 2023 by gest. P rocted by coright. http/ijgc.bm jcom / nt J G ynecol C acer: frst pulished as 10.11ijgc-2023-E S G O .36 on 27 S etem er 223. D ow nladed fom Results We identified 14 cases of non-metastatic breast sarcomas, including 10 cases of phyllodes sarcomas and 4 cases of non-phyllodes sarcomas. The median age was 41.4 years, and 8 patients were premenopausal. Benign breast pathologies were observed in 7 patients, while 5 patients had inflammatory skin signs. The median tumor size was 10.25 cm. All patients underwent mastectomy, with 7 also undergoing lymph node resection. Adjuvant therapy included radiotherapy for all patients and chemotherapy for 7 patients, except for one case already irradiated. The median radiation dose was 50 Gy in 25 fractions, with additional dose in 4 patients. A local recurrence was observed in one patient, while 5 patients developed metastases. The time to onset of metastases varied between 2 months and 5 years. However, 6 patients achieved complete remission with follow-up ranging from 4 to 20 years. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and the patient with radiation-induced sarcoma died shortly after surgery. Conclusion Breast sarcomas are rare and aggressive tumors with poorly codified therapeutic management. A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for decision-making. Disclosures There are no financial conflicts of interest to disclose #116 EXTRAMEDULLARY MYELOID SARCOMA OF THE BREAST Fadoua Bouguerra*, Fatma Dhouib, Fatma Ajengui, Tahya Boudawara, Afef Khanfir, Nejla Fourati, Jamel Daoud. Radiotherapy department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Anatomopathology department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia; Medical Oncology department, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia 10.1136/ijgc-2023-ESGO.237 Introduction/Background Breast extramedullary myeloid or granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare tumor. It is considered as a form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical and radiographic features of the breast GS are not specific, and therefore the diagnosis can be very challenging. Methodology We report a case of extramedullary myeloid sarcoma involving the breast treated at the Radiotherapy Oncology department of Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Sfax. Results A 25-year-old pregnant patient, with AML diagnosed by a bone marrow biopsy. Chemotherapy (CT) was indicated but refused by the patient. She consulted again 3 months after she gave birth with a spinal cord compression. In addition, the patient presented mastodynia. Physical examination revealed painful and tight breasts with no inflammatory signs neither palpable nodules on axillary lymph nodes. Breast ultrasound revealed irregular hypoechoic areas of both breasts suggestive of granulomatous mastitis. The ultrasound examination was graded ACR 4 bilaterally. A complementary breast biopsy concluded to a bilateral GS. The patient was treated according to the adult AML protocol for favorable group. She received 6 cycles of Cytarabine-Idarubicin CT with clinical improvement and complete disappearance of echogenic areas on breast ultrasound. The myelogram showed a complete remission with only 3% of blasts. For the spinal cord compression, the patient underwent palliative radiotherapy at total dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions and did not report any clinical improvement, she kept a complete paraplegia but with no sign of spinal cord compression. Conclusion GS of the breast tissue is an extremely rare entity. Providing a correct diagnosis can be challenging for the breast pathology team, since there is not enough data and large prospective studies in the literature. Besides being rare, this tumor closely mimes other neoplasm; it's therefore important to report local experiences in order to better assist clinicians in their therapeutic management. Disclosures There are no financial conflicts of interest to disclose. #198 ULTRASOUND AMBULATORY TRANSVAGINAL BIOPSY AND PUNCTURE IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PELVIC LESIONS. A MULTICENTER STUDY Irene Pelayo-Delgado*, Javier Sancho-Sauco, Virginia Corraliza-Galan, Belen Perez-Mies, Leopoldo Abarca-Martinez, Elena Cabezas-López, Jesus Lázaro-Delafuente, Amparo Torroba-Caron, Juan Ramon Pérez-Vidal, Inmaculada Penades-Sanz, Elvira Garcia-Re, Ma Carmen Llanos-Llanos. Universitary Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; Universitary Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', Madrid, Spain 10.1136/ijgc-2023-ESGO.238 Introduction/Background The use of transvaginal ultrasound guided biopsy and puncture of pelvic lesions has many advantages compared to other techniques. The main aim of the work is to describe a standardized ambulatory technique and to determine its usefulness. Methodology Prospective study of ultrasound transvaginal punctures (tru-cut biopsies and cytologies) and drainages of pelvic lesions performed on an outpatient basis during the last two years. The punctures were made with local anesthesia, under transvaginal ultrasound guidance with an automatic 18G biopsy needle with a length of 20–25 cm and a penetration depth of 12 or 22 mm. The material obtained was sent to anatomopathological, cytological and/or microbiological study if necessary. Results In a total of 55 women, we performed 44 biopsies, 10 punctures and drain of pelvic mases and one diagnostic puncture of ascites. In 7 cases the punction and drain provided clinical. Seventeen biopsies were vaginal (previously hysterectomized) finding 10 carcinomas; 12 were ovarian tumours in advanced stages or peritoneal carcinomatosis obtaining the appropriate histology in each case; 12 were suspicious cervical biopsies finding carcinomas in 7 of them and one shwannoma; 3 were myometrial biopsies including one breast carcinoma metastasis in the miometrium and a benign placental nodule; a periurethral biopsy was performed on a woman with previous endometrial cancer confirming recurrence. The pathological diagnosis was satisfactory in all cases. The tolerance was excellent and no complications were detected. Abstract #198 Table 1 Results of transvaginal ultrasound biopsies/punctures/drainages ordered according to the location of the puncture Abstracts198 Table 1 Results of transvaginal ultrasound biopsies/punctures/drainages ordered according to the location of the puncture Abstracts Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023;33(Suppl 3):A1–A453 A115 on O cber 3, 2023 by gest. P rocted by coright. http/ijgc.bm jcom / nt J G ynecol C acer: frst pulished as 10.11ijgc-2023-E S G O .36 on 27 S etem er 223. D ow nladed fom


The unusual GRB 110709B triggered Swift/BAT twice, with a time difference of $\sim 11$ minutes. Its light curve presented three noticeable peaks but only two were originally identified. In this work, we describe each peak as due to a different central-engine phase: the first one is the millisecond-protomagnetar stage, the second one is the BH-formation collapse phase and the last one is the Collapsar scenario with a Blandford-Znajek engine. Additionally, we analyze and explain the afterglow phase evoking the standard fireball model. Our model can successfully describe the timescales, fluxes and spectral indices observed for GRB 110709B.


, Abstract Analyses of Neandertal genomes have revealed that Neandertals have contributed genetic variants to modern humans 1–2 . The antiquity of Neandertal gene flow into modern humans means that regions that derive from Neandertals in any one human today are usually less than a hundred kilobases in size. However, Neandertal haplotypes are also distinctive enough that several studies have been able to detect Neandertal ancestry at specific loci 1,3–8 . Here, we have systematically inferred Neandertal haplotypes in the genomes of 1,004 present-day humans 12 . Regions that harbor a high frequency of Neandertal alleles in modern humans are enriched for genes affecting keratin filaments suggesting that Neandertal alleles may have helped modern humans adapt to non-African environments. Neandertal alleles also continue to shape human biology, as we identify multiple Neandertal-derived alleles that confer risk for disease. We also identify regions of millions of base pairs that are nearly devoid of Neandertal ancestry and enriched in genes, implying selection to remove genetic material derived from Neandertals. Neandertal ancestry is significantly reduced in genes specifically expressed in testis, and there is an approximately 5-fold reduction of Neandertal ancestry on chromosome X, which is known to harbor a disproportionate fraction of male hybrid sterility genes 20–22 . These results suggest that part of the reduction in Neandertal ancestry near genes is due to Neandertal alleles that reduced fertility in males when moved to a modern human genetic background.


When a water-diluted droplet of American whiskey evaporates, it can leave behind a self-assembled web pattern not found in Scotch or brandy.


ously hospitalized patients with fungal meningitis have been discharged and are continuing treatment at home with oral voriconazole. Some, such as those who require liposomal amphotericin in addition to voriconazole, may receive intravenous medication at home, according to Jernigan. It is unclear how long they will require such treatment, but Malani estimated that most will require months of treatment, and some may exceed a year. "We've never seen this before, so we don't know the natural progression of this disease," Malani said. Jernigansaid thatbasedonclinical experiencegarnered fromtreatingpatients with fungalmeningitis thatwasnotassociated with the outbreak, treatment will likelylastformonths."Wedon'tknowthe optimal duration of therapy," he said. Both voriconazole and liposomal amphotericinarepotentiallytoxic.Common adverseeffectsincludehallucinationsand liverdamageforvoriconazoleandkidney damageforamphotericin,buttheseeffects aremostlyreversibleaftertreatmentisdiscontinued, Jernigan noted. However, whilepatientsarereceivingtheseantifungal treatments, evenonanoutpatientbasis, closemonitoring isneeded toensure they maintain optimal levels of the drug andtowatch forpotential adverseeffects onelectrolyte levelsandonliverandkidney function, Malani noted. St Joseph's has created a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic devoted to the ongoing care of patients affected by the outbreak.Initially,theclinicwasopenonly part-time,butHalasyamanisaid itshours wereexpandedtofull-timetobettermatch clinical resources with the needs of the patients. "The challenge for us is that we are not sure when the subacute phase is going to end, and we continue to see patients admitted," she said.


This paper develops a structural demand model for US retail banking services in which consumers have preference over the geographical convenience of their banks' networks. The model accounts for the fact that (i) consumers spend time in both home and workplace and may need to access their bank's services at any time of the day, and (ii) consumers do not consider services provided by different bank networks as perfect substitutes, therefore prefer to use branches of their own banks. I estimate the model using a detailed nationwide worker flow dataset that tracks consumers by residence and workplace. My results confirm that consumers value bank networks for their proximity to multiple locations. I conduct a counterfactual experiment to quantify the effect of this demand motive on bank deposits. After breaking the compatibility of services among branches within the same network, choosing a multi-branch bank no longer necessarily reduces consumers' expected travel distance, which takes away the potential gain from larger networks. For the average city and bank in the sample, each additional branch implies an increase of 0.1 percentage points in the extra market share generated from the network effect, which amounts to roughly one million dollars in deposits. These results on firm performance, along with the corresponding consumer welfare analysis, provide valuable insights to anti-trust regulators in evaluating within-market horizontal mergers in the presence of spatial network competition.


At an early stage of designing persuasive technolog ies there is the challenge of selecting a target behavior and examin ing variables that prevent it. Within our research we are forming sustainability related persuasive technologies in the context of d omestic energy consumption. In this paper we present different typ es of barriers preventing people from the desired energy efficient behavior. In an explorative field study 48 participants received the task to selfmonitor their energy consumption behavior over one week. A qualitative analysis of daily statements revealed e ight underlying categories of behavioral barriers. The most common observed barriers relate to Lack of Attention followed by Co mfort. On the basis of these results, we formulated four guidelin es for sustainability related persuasive technologies.


In this research, decolourization and neutralization of the local dyeing effluent by various parts of non-aquatic plants (Dumbcane and Pawpaw)at different contact times and adsorbents dose were investigated. Powdered stem and leaves of the plants were employed to determine the adsorbent with maximum adsorption capacity. The decolourisation and neutralization efficiency were found to increase with an increase in contact time and adsorbent dose. The maximum percentage decolourization was achieved with the Dumbcane Stem DCS (83%) at 5 g dosage for 18 h contact time. However, 7.5 g of Dumbcane Stem DCS showed the highest neutralization 46 % at 12 h. The study showed that, the non-aquatic plants used are good adsorbents for decolourisation as well as neutralization particularly when applied to local dye bath effluent.


In this thesis, the numerical solution of time-dependent partial differential equations (PDE) is studied. In particular high-order finite difference methods on Summation-by-parts (SBP) form are ana ...


We study the dynamics of fronts arising in the KPP-Fisher' $\mathrm{s}$ equation, proposed by Fisher in 1936 to model the propagation of amutant gene and subsequently studied rigorously in the seminal work of Kolmogorov, Petro vskii, and Piskunov. The approach is via acomparison theorem, where the comparison functions satisfy equations which are linearizable to the heat equation. In some sense, we have obtained a"linearization" of the KPP-Fisher'$\mathrm{s}$ equation.


Andersen, H. T. The reflex nature of the physiological adjustments to diving and their afferent pathway. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 58. 263–273. — The elicitation of the submersion apnoea and bradycardia has been investigated in intact and decerebrated ducks, with and without various trigeminal lesions, in order to study the reflex nature of the diving characteristics, and to explore their afferent pathway. It has been found that the circulatory as well as the respiratory adjustments to water immersion of the head are medullary reflexes entirely independent of higher levels of the central nervous system, although the basic reflex, of course, may be influenced by activity in higher centers when the latters are intact. The trigeminal nerve is the afferent pathway of the reflex arc by which the reactions to diving are induced upon submersion. The ophthalmic division appears to be the most important branch of the V. nerve in this respect, but also the mandibular portion seems to be an element in the afferent limb of the reflex arc. The maxillary nerve, however, could not be shown to serve such a function.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the development of xenografted primitive human germ cells by using fetal testicular tissues as donor tissues and an immunodeficient mouse as the recipient.

METHODS
Testicular tissue fragments of a 26-week fetus were grafted under the back skin of a castrated immunodeficient mouse. Grafts were taken out after 135 days and processed for morphological and histological analyses.

RESULTS
The mass of grafts grew from about 1 mm in diameter and 5 mg in wet weight to about 3 mm and more than 20 mg 135 days after grafting. Histological observations showed a significant expansion of seminiferous tubules after grafting (80 +/- 25 microm in diameter) in comparison with seminiferous cords at the time of grafting (60 +/- 15 microm in diameter). The seminiferous cords developed into seminiferous tubules with the epithelial border and lumen. After 135 days of grafting, most of the dispersedly distributed primitive Sertoli cells and germ cells migrated to the basal part of seminiferous epithelium, located on the basement membrane and few of germ cells differentiated into spermatogonia.

CONCLUSION
Human fetal testicular tissues could survive and continuously develop after being xenograft into castrated immunodeficient mice.


Automatic speech recognition on a humanoid robot is exposed to numerous known noises produced by the robot's own motion system and background noises such as fans. Those noises interfere with target speech by an unknown transfer function at high distortion levels, since some noise sources might be closer to the robot's microphones than the target speech sources. In this paper we show how to remedy those distortions by a speech feature enhancement technique based on the recently proposed particle filters. A significant increase of recognition accuracy could be reached at different distances for both engine and background noises.


Tualatin, Oregon: Past and Present Table I Research Procedures Table II Table III Land Use Changes Analyzing the Role of Land Developers Conclusion Footnotes Bibliography Key to Exhibits A & B Exhibits A & B 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 12 21 25 26 28 back cover '1 THE ROLE OF THE LAND DEVELOPER IN CONVERTING AGRICULTURAL LAND TO URBAN USE: SUBDIVISIONS IN TUALATIN, OREGON ABSTRACT: The study of the interactions between man and his environment is the eminent domain of the geographer. An excellent example of this kind of study is the urbanization of a formerly rural town on the urban-rural fringe. The area in this instance is Tualatin, Oregon, with the focus on the role of the land developer. This paper concentrates on the attitudes of the developer and how he defines his role in converting agricultural land to urban use. The growing dominance of subdivisions in providing new homes and the promise of Planned Unit Development are explored. The impact of tougher building regulations and zoning ordinances are examined and a cursory look is taken at regional planning as one solution to controlling urban growth. The study of the interactions between man and his environment is the eminent domain of the geographer. An excellent example of this kind of study is the urbanization of a formerly rural town on the urban-rural fringe. The area in this instance is Tualatin, Oregon, with the focus on the role of the land developer. This paper concentrates on the attitudes of the developer and how he defines his role in converting agricultural land to urban use. The growing dominance of subdivisions in providing new homes and the promise of Planned Unit Development are explored. The impact of tougher building regulations and zoning ordinances are examined and a cursory look is taken at regional planning as one solution to controlling urban growth. In recent years the attention of the public in general and public officials in particular has been focused on the activities of large land developers and community builders. It would appear that a majority of new homes are being constructed in large subdivisions by fewer builders than was the case ten to twenty years ago. These land developers and builders have the financial resources and the technical expertise to achieve economies of scale not available to


Thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is an anaphylatoxin‐inactivating enzyme generated by proteolytic cleavage of its zymogen, and is the same enzyme as that first designated by our group as procarboxypeptidase R (proCPR). TAFI in plasma is presumed to influence vascular disease in its role as a fibrinolysis inhibitor. The activity of TAFI is strongly influenced by genetic polymorphism, especially at amino acids Thr/Ala‐147 and Thr/Ile‐325. In this study, we analyzed 202 healthy controls who were not on any medication, had no unusual medical history and whose blood data were normal. In a previous report, we established an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for non‐activated TAFI (proCPR), and investigated levels of unactivated TAFI as an estimate of anti‐fibrinolytic capacity. In this study, we determined normal Japanese TAFI levels for each age, sex, and genetic polymorphism of Thr/Ala‐147 and Thr/Ile‐325, and also showed that the TAFI level in young adult women is lower than in aged women.


As a favourite descriptor, the size effect of Cu-based catalysts has been regularly utilized for activity and selectivity regulation toward CO 2 /CO electroreduction reactions (CO 2 /CORR). However, little progress has been made in regulating the size of Cu nanoclusters at the atomic level. Here, the size-gradient Cu catalysts from single atoms (SAs) to subnanometric clusters (SCs, 0.5-1 nm) to nanoclusters (NCs, 1-1.5 nm) on graphdiyne matrix are readily prepared via a creative acetylenic-bond-directed site-trapping approach. Electrocatalytic measurements show a significant size effect in both the activity and selectivity toward CO 2 /CORR. Increasing the size of Cu nanoclusters will improve catalytic activity and selectivity toward C 2+ productions in CORR. A high C 2+ conversion rate of 312 mA cm -2 with the Faradaic efficiency of 91.2% are achieved at -1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) over Cu NCs. The presented activity/selectivity-size relations provide a clear understanding of mechanisms in the CO 2 /CORR at the atomic level .


DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200005 The XV Latin-American Symposium on Chronobiology (LASC 2019) (www.lasc2019. org) was held in Uruguay, for the first time, from October 7 to 11, 2019, at the Convention Center of the Hotel Mirador in Colonia del Sacramento. It was coordinated by an Organizing Committee with members selected from a group of Uruguayan researchers related to the disciplines of Sleep and Chronobiology, and chaired by Dr. Ana Silva and Dr. Pablo Torterolo. The Organizing Committee was supported by a Scientific Advisory Group composed of prestigious researchers from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and USA. LASC 2019 was a big success that brought together 198 participants from five Latin American countries, as well as from USA, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, and Israel, with an excellent relationship between senior researchers and students (1-1.4). The scientific program, available in LASC 2019 website, included four plenary conferences by leading researchers, on topics of disciplines of high impact and importance. Roberto Amici (Bologna University, Italy) presented: "Torpor and sleep: what's the link"; Horacio de la Iglesia (University of Washington-USA): "Sleep: lost and not found"; Gina Poe (University of CaliforniaLos Angeles, USA): "Sleep features that optimize adaptive memory reorganization", and Noga Kronfeld-Schor (Tel Aviv University, Israel): "Chronobiology of interspecific interactions in a changing world". LASC 2019 also included eight symposia, five workshops, two poster sessions, and an opening session dedicated to the presentation of works by Latin-American young researchers. There were 63 speakers and 103 posters presented in two sessions. LASC 2019 closed with an outreach final session dedicated to the communication and transfer of chronobiological knowledge to the society (Title of the Round Table: "El reloj en la Sociedad"). Four speakers chaired by Dr. Diego Golombek (Universidad de Quilmes, Argentina) from Argentina (Andrea Pattini, Universidad de Mendoza, and Juliana Leone, Universidad de Quilmes), Brazil (Claudia Moreno, Universidade de Sao Paulo), and Chile (John Ewer, Universidad de Valparaíso) presented examples of the endorsement of social policies based on chronobiological evidence in Latin America. Before and in parallel with the LASC 2019, the first Latin American School of Chronobiology and Sleep was organized by Dr. Adriana Migliaro, Dr. Alicia Costa and Dr. Luciana Benedetto from the Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay. This School, conceived as a satellite event to LASC 2019, was an initiative aimed to promote future Latin American chronobiologists to interact among them, and with US and European consolidated scientists. It consisted of two main modules. The first one was held in Montevideo and consisted of foreign and local faculty lectures as well as hands-on training. The second one took place in Colonia del Sacramento, in simultaneous to LASC 2019; it included a data analysis workshop, data blitz sessions and the "meet the experts" dinner. The School was kindly supported by the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO). Organizing LASC 2019, and the associated School of Chronobiology and Sleep was an enormous challenge for the Uruguayan chronobiology community that had an enormous impact in the consolidation of regional and international collaborations. Ana Silva 1* Pablo Torterolo 2*


The emergence of five independent states, carved out of what used to be Soviet Central Asia, has changed the strategic balance in southwest Asia. What this will mean for global security in the long run is still far from clear. However, it is already possible to draw some conclusions about the immediate and short-term implications. A few things are already perfectly obvious. The new states of Central Asia are not pseudo-nations. At the same time, they have not yet managed to fully break away from Moscow's influence. The Central Asian states have to varying degrees managed to institutionalize their independence. Their degrees of success in this regard have been influenced by a number of factors, including geographic location, the quality of leadership, the level of political stability at the time of independence, and the capacity for independent economic development. Moscow can no longer dictate developments in this part of the world. At the same time, Russia is unwilling, and some might say unable, to withdraw fully from the region. Russian leaders believe that they must continue to defend Central Asia's borders to keep Russia itself safe. In part, this is because approximately ten million ethnic Russians still live in the region, and the Russian government is not willing to abandon those people to whatever fate may have in store. Russia is also increasingly aware of its own Muslim population and has a desire to remain on good terms with the Central Asian states to appease the Muslim, and not only the Russian, political constituency. Nor is Russia willing to withdraw economically from Central Asia. Policymakers in Moscow continue to assert their right to profit from Soviet-era investments made in the region, and the Russian energy industry has been especially eager to get a piece of the action in foreign development plans for the region's plentiful oil and gas deposits. Central Asia's vast wealth has attracted strong Western interest in the region. However, from Russia's point of view, what is most distressing is the potential of a growing American presence. Claims that the Caspian Sea will be the "Persian Gulf of the twenty-first century" foster Russian nationalist suspicions that the collapse of the USSR was little more than a Western plot to profit economically from the vast wealth of the Soviet republics. While U.S. policymakers forcefully claim that America's interests lie solely in helping these states secure their unexpected independence, Russians see such "safeguards" as designed to limit Russian involvement. Political leaders in Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey also look to events in Central Asia with keen interest. On the one hand, Central Asia is a new market of fifty million people, and goods from most of those nations are already beginning to saturate that market. On the other hand, Central Asia is directly affected by what goes on in neighboring countries. Nowhere is this clearer than in Afghanistan, whose civil war has become interwoven with events in war-tom Tajikistan. Finally, there is the question of how the Central Asian states understand their own independence. Central Asia's leaders complain to Western interlocutors of unfair pressure from Russia, while simultaneously they are willing to take aid and assistance from Moscow. This is especially true for security relations. While the leaders of all of these states want the profits of independence, none wants full responsibility for the liabilities, and as yet none of them can fully protect itself from either external or internal threats. A Bird's Eye View of Central Asia The five states of Central Asia are quite distinct. At the same time, all five still share interconnected transport, energy, and water resource networks. They also are quite similar culturally and linguistically, although what seem to outsiders to be small distinctions often appear much greater to those within those societies. …


This bachelor thesis deals with non-state non-profit organizations which secure post-penitentiary care. In the first chapter we will focus on definition of concept post-penitentiary care like a tertiary prevention, providing services and subjects, which provide this care. Se-cond chapter is dedicate to re-integration for the persons after custodial sentence. In the last chapter we will dedicate to non-state non-profit organizations and their activities in post-penitenciary care. The research will be fouced on finding out student's of Social pedagogy in University of Tomas Bata in Zlin informations about providing postpenitenciary care and types of helping activities and connection of providing postpenitenciary care from the way non-state non-profit organizations.


In this paper, it mainly talks about the technology background of the alarm mainframe webfying, the design thought and advantages of Monitoring and Controlling System based on Global Eyes, the hardware framework and interface normative design of the network alarm mainframe based on the Global Eyes platform, as well as its application.


A three-dimensional packaging structure comprises the following structures: a first substrate provided with a first pad; a first bonding layer arranged on the first pad; a protection wall formed around the first bonding layer, and a top surface of the protection wall is higher than a surface of the first bonding layer; a second substrate arranged on the first substrate in an inverted manner and provided with a second pad, wherein a surface of the second pad is provided with a second bonding layer, the second bonding layer on the second substrate and the first bonding layer on the first substrate are bonded, and the protection wall encloses the first and second bonding layers. The three-dimensional packaging structure is provided with the protection wall so as to prevent first or second bonding layer materials from overflowing on two sides of a bonding surface when the first and second bonding layers are bonded.


The purpose of the paper is to identify the main prerequisites and ways of the medical reform in Ukraine under decentralization, and the emergency of fee-for-service medicine in particular. Methodology. The survey is based on the study of legally enforceable enactments which regulate medical sphere and the process of decentralization of power. Results. The article outlines the main prerequisites and ways to solve the issue of the implementation of medical reform in Ukraine under decentralization, including the emergence of fee-for-service-medicine. The problem related to health care reform in general in order to improve the availability and quality of health care have been identified. Statistical data on the main healthcare indicators in Ukraine have been presented. National healthcare accounts of Ukraine have been presented and healthcare expenditures per capita in other countries of the world has been demonstrated. Practical implications. The main steps that are necessary to undertake for implementing changes in the medical field have been determined in the article. They are the following: involvement of communities, development of social infrastructure, transportation of patients and women in labor to hospitals, involvement of social workers, support of medical institutions, and assistance by the communities in public control. It is determined that the biggest challenge for the medical sector is the reorientation to a new level of medical services. The main directions in medicine under decentralization on the implementation of material, organizational and financial conditions to provide local authorities with own and delegated powers have been emphasized. Value/originality. An approach to implementing medical reform that meets the needs of the community is developed and its essence has been explained. The complex of actions on introduction of medical reform under decentralization of the power, which has been explained as an increase in powers and financial possibilities of territorial communities has been generalized.


In the marine; fisheries sector of India, the emphasis until recently was on development and increased exploitation which lead to intense fishing activity in the 0-50 m depth zone resulting in near optimal exploitation of most stocks inhabiting this region. "Die data cii fisheiy and biology ccdlected over a number of years on a large number of exploited species from the exploited grounds of 0-50 m depth zone show that there is no scope for increasing production from this region and that the emphasis should be given to effectively manage the resources to ensure sustained returns. In the unexploited grounds beyond 50 m depth the potential yield is of considerable magnitude (1.7 million tonnes) and, therefore, the future oi marine fisheries depends largely on continuing the present level of exploitation in the inshore waters, exploitation of resources from the relatively deep seas, and researches aimed at stock assessment, particularly assessment of mixed or multispecies fisheries, which will help in formulation (d policies for resource management in the entire exclusive economic zone oi India.


This paper aims to improve H.264 bit-rate control. The proposed algorithm is based on a new and efficient Rate-Quantization (R-Q) model for the intra frame. For the inter frame, we propose to replace the current use of MAD by a new MAD-based human Contrast Sensitivity (MAD-CS) which is a more accurate complexity measure. R-Q model for the intra frame results from extensive experiments. The optimal initial quantization parameter QP is based on both target bit-rate and complexity of I-frame. The I-frame target bit-rate is derived from the global target bit-rate by using a new non linear model. MAD-CS includes the contrast sensitivity of the human visual system and weights the absolute differences by the probability of their occurrence. Extensive simulation results show that the use of MAD-CS and the proposed R-Q model achieves better rate control for intra frames, reduces the bit-rates when compared to the H.264 rate control adopted in JM reference software, minimizes the peak to signal ratio variations among encoded pictures and increases significantly as well subjective visual quality (measured by psycho visual experiments) as objective one.


We report on low-energy electronic structure and electronic correlations of K$_{0.65}$RhO$_2$, studied using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) technique and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We observe a highly correlated hole pocket on the Fermi surface. We further notice that the correlations are momentum dependent. Most importantly, two $kinks$ at binding energies of 75 meV and 195 meV have been observed from the band dispersion in the vicinity of the Fermi level. While the low energy $kink$ at 75 meV can be understood as a result of the electron-phonon interaction, the presence of high energy $kink$ at 195 meV is totally a new discovery of this system leading to an anomalous band renormalization. Based on systematic analysis of our experimental data, we propose high frequency bosonic excitations as a plausible origin of the high energy anomaly. Further, we notice that the high energy anomaly has important implications in obtaining the colossal thermoelectric power of K$_{0.65}$RhO$_2$.


The attainment of organization goals require careful planning by a way of proper allocation of available time among competing resources in an optimal manner. This can be successfully achieved by making forecast of future activities and taking the appropriate action stemming from these forecasts. This study presents an exquisite decomposition analysis of a set of 132 months electricity generation time series data (1996-2006) from Sapele Power Station in Ogorode, Delta State, Nigeria. The multiplicative version of the decomposition model was employed to characterize the data obtained into its various components such as Noise, Trends, Cyclical Component, and Seasonal Index. Our results showed a negative trend, with high seasonality, noise and cyclical activities. The implication is that generation is constantly decreasing over the years. This paper however, presents a veritable tool that will add as guide and adjudged intriguing and intuitively appealing for the maintenance managers in order to come up with better maintenance and operation policies that can cub the up and down nature of the present operation and maintenance (O & M). Keywords—Trend; Seasonality; Decomposition; Noise; Cyclical Activity.


School teachers suffer frequently from voice problems due to the high vocal load that they experience and the not-always-ideal conditions under which they have to teach. Traditionally, the purpose of the acoustic design of classrooms has been to optimize speech intelligibility. New guidelines are suggested in order to optimize the vocal comfort and the vocal load experienced by speakers. Theoretical prediction models of room-averaged speaker-oriented parameters like voice support or reverberation time derived from an oral-binaural impulse response are combined with empirical models of actual voice and noise level measurements in classrooms. Requirements of optimum vocal comfort, average A-weighted speech levels across the audience higher than 50 dB, and a physical volume higher than 6 m/student are combined to extract optimum acoustic conditions, which depend on the number of students. These conditions, which are independent on the position of the speaker, cannot be optimum for more than 50 students. For classrooms with 10 students, the reverberation time in occupied conditions shall be between 0.5 and 0.65 s, and the volume between 60 and 170 m. For classrooms with 40 students, the reverberation times shall be between 0.7 and 0.75 s and the volume between 240 and 280 m.


The longitudinal wake is calculated for a bunch of ultrarelativistic electrons that is deflected by a magnet that is much shorter than the formation length of its coherent synchrotron radiation. Using this wake and the Coulomb field of an image bunch, we obtain formulas for the wake of coherent transition radiation. By modeling the coherent diffraction radiation of an iris as the coherent transition radiation from a hollow bunch, we calculate the on-axis longitudinal wake of coherent diffraction radiation for an arbitrary target shape. We also calculate the influence of an upstream magnet's edge radiation upon the wake.


By intersecting the human rights and urban politics literatures this thesis provides a first review of the outcome of human rights policies enacted by local governments. The research identifies two main models of these policies: the "antidiscrimination agency" and the "governance process". Two most different cases are compared New York and Barcelona – where the policy is implemented by two "human rights departments" and their two anti-discrimination agencies: the Human Rights Commission in New York and the Office for Non Discrimination in Barcelona. The Commission is a "law enforcement" body implementing the local civil rights statute, while the Office provides "law support" through mediation and legal advice within a broader legal framework. The human rights department of Barcelona also established the Inter-religious Centre of Barcelona, which deals with the city's religious communities. In an inter-disciplinary perspective, both the political and legal dimensions of the work of the two city departments are taken into consideration, considering different proactive/mediator/defensive styles of implementation. With respect to the political dimension, in New York, the human rights policy has overall declined after the 1970s against the background of increasing mayoral support to the local development agenda. Parallel to that, the policy has changed its focus from race (1950s-1970s) to sexuality (from the 1980s on). With respect to issues of lesbian, gay and transgender rights, the thesis analyses three "cases" where the Commission was or could be involved, showing a clear shift from a proactive towards a more defensive approach. In Barcelona, the department has raised human rights issues with either different proactive or mediator strategies in different arenas, according to the ideological profile of the leadership of the human rights department and its priorities. The thesis focuses on the conflict between human rights and the emerging security agenda of mayors, within which the department framed and negotiated the rights of the prostitutes. With respect to the legal dimension of the human rights policies, the comparison between the Commission of New York and the Office for Non Discrimination shows a convergence of focus towards racial and ethnic discrimination against immigrants and different outcomes with respect to the capacity and will to provide effective remedies. On the one hand, the Commission is better equipped to tackle systemic discrimination, although the use of law enforcement has been limited by case backlogs. Besides, the agenda of conservative mayors has pushed the Commission towards mediator and defensive approaches also in the field of law enforcement. On the other, the Office for Non Discrimination offers a weaker but wider protection as it is not constrained by any jurisdiction. Issues of group-related rights emerge in both cities, with the Inter-religious Centre of Barcelona operating with the ambiguous perspective of both supporting the rights of religious minorities and controlling these minorities for security purposes.


As long-distance human space travel becomes more realistic, the need for long-term storage of cryogenic propellants becomes a forefront issue. Effective cryo-fluid system management becomes a neces...


[Objective] The objective of the research was to develop low-tar cigarette and study on low tar of material tobacco leaves.[Method] 757 tobacco leaf samples with 3 grades of B2F,C3F and X2F were collected from tobacco producing areas in Hunan province to determine tar content of the unblended cigarettes and compare the difference of tar content in the leaves of flue-cured tobacco from Hunan province among different grades,varieties,years,areas and ecological regions.[Result] Tar contents of the unblended cigarettes with 3 grades were B2FC3FX2F and there was an extremely significant difference between different grades.Tar content of single cigarette for mainly cultivated variety Yunyan 85 was higher,which had a significant difference with Yunyan 87 and K326.While significant difference didn't exist between Yunyan 87 and K326.Tar content between different years had an extremely significant difference and tar content of single cigarette had a decreasing trend year by year.Tar content had a significant difference between different areas.Tar contents in different ecological regions were Northwest tobacco regions of Hunan provinceSouth tobacco regions of Hunan province Middle tobacco regions of Hunan province.There was a significant difference between different ecological regions.[Conclusion] The research had important reference values for selecting materials by cigarette enterprise and regulating cultivation technologies in producing area.


Intermittency of photoluminescence (PL) intensity is a common feature of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Here, we show for ZnS capped CdSe QDs that the intermittency (blinking) is closely correlated to the intermittency of PL decay times. Furthermore, we find that fluctuations of PL emission energies are also correlated with intensity and decay time blinking. The origin of energy fluctuations is a combination of switching either between energies of electronic states intrinsic to differently charged QDs or correspondingly Stark shifted states caused by slow fluctuations of the QD interface. By the method of change point analysis we assign the distribution of PL intensities intermediate between on/off intensities to distinct intermittent PL decay times and PL energies. Intermittency occurs on slow time scales between sub‐ms and minutes and depends strongly on the embedding matrix. Highly specific experiments allow for identification of a distribution of charged and non‐charged states near to the excitonic band edge. Most of the blinking phenomena are observed on the depopulation pathways of the band edge states. However, also population pathways are intermittent, but on a much shorter time scale. We assign this mechanism to creation of hot electrons followed by charge trapping and release at the QD interface.