This article reports on a teacher education program's preparation of bilingual paraeducators during a period of conflicting educational reform of structured English immersion in Massachusetts. Drawing on nexus analysis of discourses (R. Scollon & S. W. Scollon, 2004), we discuss factors faced by Latino educators. These include competing discourses, historical institutional inequities, and boundaries circumscribing the interactions between university and communities. Through the use of a participant's text as a re-semiotized means of representing the new potentials that bilingual paraeducators bring to the field of teacher education, "cultural bumps" emerge and directions for teacher education are presented.


ObjectiveTo search for a more ideal method of indoor air disinfection.Methods With the method of falling down naturally,the total number of germs in indoor air disinfection samples was compared dynamically before and after treatment with 84-aerosol,Chinese herbal medicinal air refreshing agents of radix isatidis,and cooperation of 84-aerosol with garlic-solution and that of air refreshing agents with garlic-solution.ResultsThe indoor air disinfectant effect of cooperation with garlic-solution spray is obviously better than the two methods of single disinfectant,and the cooperation of garlic-solution with the air refreshing agents is superior to that with the 84-aerosol.ConclusionThe cooperation of garlic-solution with the air refreshing agents or 84-aerosol is an effective method of indoor air disinfection,and the effect of the cooperation of garlic-solution with the Chinese herbal medicinal air refreshing agents of radix isatidis is the best method.


We study the electrical properties of pseudo-single-crystalline Ge (PSC-Ge) films grown by a Au-induced layer exchange crystallization method at 250 °C. By inserting the SiNx layer between PSC-Ge and SiO2, we initiatively suppress the influence of the Ge/SiO2 interfacial defective layers, which have been reported in our previous works, on the electrical properties of the PSC-Ge layers. As a result, we can detect the influence of the ionized Au+ donors on the temperature-dependent hole concentration and Hall mobility. To further examine their electrical properties in detail, we also fabricate p-thin-film transistors (TFTs) with the PSC-Ge layer. Although the off-state leakage currents are suppressed by inserting the SiNx layer, the value of on/off ratio remains poor (<102). Even after the post-annealing at 400 °C for the TFTs, the on/off ratio is still poor (∼102) because of the gate-induced drain leakage current although a nominal field effect mobility is enhanced up to ∼25 cm2/V s. Considering these features, we conclude that the Au contaminations into the PSC-Ge layer can affect the electrical properties and device performances despite a low-growth temperature of 250 °C. To achieve further high-performance p-TFTs, we have to suppress the Au contaminations into PSC-Ge during the Au-induced crystallization growth.We study the electrical properties of pseudo-single-crystalline Ge (PSC-Ge) films grown by a Au-induced layer exchange crystallization method at 250 °C. By inserting the SiNx layer between PSC-Ge and SiO2, we initiatively suppress the influence of the Ge/SiO2 interfacial defective layers, which have been reported in our previous works, on the electrical properties of the PSC-Ge layers. As a result, we can detect the influence of the ionized Au+ donors on the temperature-dependent hole concentration and Hall mobility. To further examine their electrical properties in detail, we also fabricate p-thin-film transistors (TFTs) with the PSC-Ge layer. Although the off-state leakage currents are suppressed by inserting the SiNx layer, the value of on/off ratio remains poor (<102). Even after the post-annealing at 400 °C for the TFTs, the on/off ratio is still poor (∼102) because of the gate-induced drain leakage current although a nominal field effect mobility is enhanced up to ∼25 cm2/V s. Considering these feat...


Nanosatellites (NanoSats) are small spacecraft inthe 1-10 kg range, which present a simple, low-costoption for developing quickly-deployable satellites.CubeSats, a special category of NanoSats, areeven being considered for interplanetary missions.However, the small dimensions of CubeSats andthe limited mass of the NanoSat class in generalplace limits of capability on their electrical powersystems (especially where typical power sourcessuch as solar panels are considered) and storedenergy reserves; restricting the power budget andoverall functionality.


AbstrcatThe grassland productive system was seasonal,which resulted in contradiction with supply and demand,that the herbage production could not meet the need of the nutrition to grazing sheep in a year.According to the theory of system coupling provided by Ran Jizhou,the more livestock were transfered from grazing grassland to farming land to fatten or keep them there before the withered season coming.As a result,the resource was utilized sustainably and the productive efficiency was improved due to the coupling system. In order to elucidate the relationship between the liveweight gain of sheep and the feed nutrition, the nutrition levels were measured. It was showed that the CP was the best, ME the second, DM the third and CF the last.


The scant literature relative to the application of relationally based and psycho-dynamic therapies within correctional settings clearly illustrates the contextually driven challenges to employing such approaches (Haley, 2010; Huffman, 2006; Kita, 2011; Stein, 2007, 2009). Stein (2001, 2004, 2007, 2009) in particular has written extensively about the psychotherapeutic needs of the high concentration of severely developmentally traumatised and dissociative individuals in our prisons, who are unlikely to receive psychodynamic therapies due to resource constraints. Such acute treatment needs can be exacerbated by the operational design of correctional settings—which are predicated on the maintenance of safety and security through the exercise of behaviour management and controlled access to personnel and resources.
The over-representation of relationally traumatised individuals within prison populations is confounded by the structural parallels of the controlled environment that inadvertently trigger these inmates. The counterproductive results are not necessarily unexpected given how trauma is routinely re-enacted (Chefetz, 2015; Kupers, 1996; Van der Kolk, 1989, 2014; Van der Kolk & McFarlane, 1996). Nonetheless, this reactive cycle represents an unfortunate re-enactment of relational control both intrapsychically and environmentally. Discussion of the dynamics of control inherent within correctional settings, followed by a case study of an inmate suffering from traumatic exposure to an austerely narcissistic and abusive father, is illustrative of this cycle. The isomorphism of coercive internal object relations and institutional control is striking and will be illustrated.


Child maltreatment continues to be a significant problem across the globe. Despite the many negative outcomes of child maltreatment documented in the literature, there is limited research on how school practitioners are prepared for identifying and reporting cases of maltreatment. This study examined school practitioners' preparedness for reporting and identifying child maltreatment. Participants were a random sample of 141 school practitioners from California and Pennsylvania. Data were collected over a 6-week period via an anonymous internet survey. Overall, results indicate that most school practitioners had mixed perceptions about their ability to identify and report maltreatment. Interpretations of the data are provided with recommendations for collaborative preservice training and in-service training approaches. Implications and recommendations for future research are provided.


Introduction: One of the key elements of the infectious disease surveillance system is microbiological monitoring of contamination of environmental objects and health care personnel hands. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, virology testing of swabs from hospital objects and personal protective equipment of workers of infectious disease hospitals for patients with COVID-19 has acquired special importance. According to the current regulatory documents, however, greater priority in microbiological monitoring is given to determination and identification of bacterial pathogens, thus necessitating the development and implementation of an advanced technique of a simultaneous assessment of viral and bacterial contamination.
Objective: To compare different environmental surface sampling techniques used to assess viral and bacterial contamination.
Materials and methods: Samples for environmental swab testing were collected in accordance with the "Scheme for sampling environmental swabs for simultaneous assessment of viral and bacterial contamination" patented by the authors (Industrial Design Patent No. 132971 of September 5, 2022). We applied bacteriological, molecular genetic, and statistical methods in the study.
 Results: Overall, 343 wipe samples were tested, of which 68 were atypical (two 38-swab portions, 11.1 % each, contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA and opportunistic microorganisms). Among the opportunistic microorganisms, 42 bacterial strains were identified, including 16 strains of Enterococcus faecalis (38.1 %), 9 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.4 %), 7 strains of Escherichia coli (16.7 %), 3 strains of Enterococcus faecium (7.1 %), 3 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (7.1 %), 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.9 %), and 2 strains of Pantoea agglomerans (4.9 %). Eleven variants of viral and bacterial associations were identified. The comparison of environmental swabbing performed by the technique under study with that performed by the standard method, based on test results, indicated a significant 11.1 and 12.3-fold difference in the proportion of non-standard findings for SARS-CoV-2 and opportunistic microorganisms, respectively.
Conclusions: The study results prove that our technique of environmental swabbing meets all modern requirements and facilitates an objective assessment of the level of viral and bacterial contamination of the study objects. This approach can be used for laboratory testing within state and industrial control at institutions of various specialties (healthcare, food industry, childcare facilities, etc.).


CASE AT A GLANCE Alabama imposes a sales and use tax on diesel fuel purchased or consumed by rail carriers; this is a tax that motor and water carriers are essentially exempted from. This case asks the Court to determine whether a rail carrier can challenge Alabama's state and local sales and use tax exemption scheme under 49 U.S.C. § 11501 (b)(4), a provision of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (the 4-R Act) that precludes the states from imposing "another tax" that discriminates against a rail carrier.


Drawing upon work in evolutionary game theory and experimental philosophy, I argue that one of the roles the concept of knowledge plays in our social cognitive ecology is that of enabling us to make adaptively important distinctions between different kinds of blameworthy and blameless behaviors. In particular, I argue that knowledge enables us to distinguish which agents are most worthy of blame for inflicting harms, violating social norms, or cheating in situations of social exchange.


Over the years the burning of coal oil and natural gas has released some 270 billion tons of carbon into the air in the form of heat-trapping carbon dioxide. Fortunately more than half this gas emitted by fossil fuel burning is absorbed from the air by the oceans plants and soils. Thus fewer than half the emissions are believed to remain airborne to warm the earth. All of this is part of one of natures complicated global recycling networks. In it carbon is constantly exchanged among the air the terrestrial biosphere the oceans and the solid rock of the earth at varying rates on time scales. In view of this a broad-based effort is under way to manipulate the carbon cycle so that it will remove more of the heat-trapping gases from the air. One approach being investigated involves ways to remove carbon chemically from industrial and automotive emissions before they are released into the atmosphere then to sequester it at some other stage in the natural carbon cycle. Another approach involves increasing the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by what is called the terrestrial biosphere. Under the Kyoto Protocol the rich industrial countries are obligated to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. However it is not allowed for any country to meet all or most of its emission reduction goal by expanding carbon sinks since they are not a secure carbon reservoir. Other ways of expanding terrestrial carbon stocks are allowed nevertheless.


Structural elements such as beam, plate and shell, are widely used in the finite element analysis. However, the geometric characteristics of structural elements may lead calculation errors in some cases. For example, when analyzing composite structures with structural elements, some problems such as stress concentration and improper simplification of the geometric position will induce rather large calculation errors. Taking the slab and girder composite structure in subway station as the analyzing object, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward for the purpose of engineering practicality. By using these measures, reasonable result can be obtained with general-purpose FEM software.


The influences of different modifiers on the acidity of brown red soil in Xuancheng City of Anhui Province were studied. The results showed that white lime power, calcium carbonate power and dolomite power all worked well on improving brown red acidity and increasing cole yield, and the feasible applied amounts of modifiers should be 1125 ~ 1687.5 kg/hm2 of white lime power, 1500 ~ 2250 kg/hm2 of calcium carbonate power and 1500 ~ 3000 kg/hm2 of dolomite powder.


Traditionally, European continental judiciaries have been organised along a bureaucratic, civil service model. Early recruitment was complemented by the strong hierarchical character of the judicial organisation. Therefore, in this type of judiciary guarantees of independence have been problematic because of the influence hierarchical superiors (or in some cases the government itself) had on promotions. Since the Second World War the need for change has been increasingly felt. The main aims have been to increase external independence, especially vis-à-vis the executive, and to protect lower ranking judges from negative influence by the senior judiciary, often considered to be too responsive to governmental wishes.


Flow distribution(FD)of an air allocated module in air ventilated suit was mea-sured and calculated.The results indicate that the medule's FD to head,arms,and legs are 35%,35%,30% respectively under normally used steady air flow(100~160 L/min).There was no stable FD when the flow fluctuated or air supply to the module was insufficient.The method used in this work is simple and reliable and an algorithm for esti-mating the FD by measuring flow resistance was established.The error of calculated FD is less than 2% comparing with the measured FD.


The present paper describes an experimental methodology of identification of dynamic characteristics of a track structure, consisting in determination of a track decay rate (TDR) in the field tests that were conducted by the authors on the railway line section inWarsaw. The proposed methodology of measurements, parameters determination and presentation of the results is based on the measurement methods described in EN 15461 [1], which are aimed at determination of TDR. The values of TDR determined in the impulse tests in one-third octave bands are compared with the limiting values specified in EN ISO 3095 [2] and Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI) [3]. Based on the obtained experimental data, the analysed railway line is classified as a structure that does not generate excessive level of rolling noise from the vibrations induced by the moving rolling stock on structural elements of the track – particularly on rails. The results obtained in this study are promising from the point of view of future development of effective solutions used for protection of people and environment against noise generated by the railway traffic.


Spinal osteosynthesis device comprising a bone anchorage element (2), a vertebral rod (1), a connector (3) interconnecting the rod and the anchorage element and means for clamping the connector to the rod and anchorage element, the anchorage element being capable of being angularly oriented in a polyaxial manner relative to the rod. This device comprises separate means, on one hand, for fixing (16) the position in translation of the connector on the rod, and on the other hand for clamping (4) the connector on the bone anchorage element (2) which comprises a threaded end portion (5) projecting from the connector (3) and cooperating with a clamping nut (4) adapted to bear against the surface (6) of the connector. The latter is in one piece and the means for fixing the connector in translation on the rod (1) comprise an opening (15) provided in the connector and opening onto a bore (13) which receives the rod and extends throughout the connector, and a screw (16) for clamping the rod which is engageable in said opening. This arrangement permits improving certain treatments such as the correction of spondylolisthesis.


Let X be a partially ordered linear space, i.e. a real linear space with a reflexive, transitive relation ≦ such that


Abstract Footprints, tracks, and traces abound on the upper surface of the hard, siliceous layer at the top of the Mowry Shale in the Emigrant Gap area. Characteristics of this top are excellently preserved by the fall of the ash of the Clay Spur bentonite. The marks were made by fauna living at the time of the ash fall; the fauna may have perished during the fall. The marks include footprints which measure .25 foot in diameter, body tracks which zigzag and are as much as .6 foot wide, body impressions that are about 1.5 feet long, and .15 foot-wide discontinuous tail tracks. The multiplicity of markings and the more-or-less parallel orientations of all body and tail traces suggest a presence of many reptilian vertebrates moving in the same general direction. Fossil bones and teeth are, to date, lacking; the markings were probably made by crocodilian or crocodile-like reptiles.


Investigating the neo-Kantian origins of structuralism and culturalism, this article analyses the development of Cassirer's thought by following his intellectual progression from knowledge to culture, and from culture to praxis. The article is in two parts. In the first part, the author presents an analysis of Cassirer's relational conception of knowledge. In the second part, the critique of knowledge is superseded by a critique of culture. The author analyses Cassirer's anthropological philosophy of symbolic forms and critically compares it to Simmel's vitalist theory of culture. The article ends with a plea for a practical sociology inspired by Cassirer's return to Kant's practical philosophy.


The dielectric heating of slabs of homogeneous material, by means of two parallel plate electrodes or taggered rod electrodes, is investigated. The text discusses the application of the finite elements method in a two dimensional system for the calculation of potential and power distribution, and of transient temperature distribution during the dielectric properties. The results are compared with the temperature distribution obtained in real heating. The software is written in FORTRAN 77 and can run on apersonal Computer.


Seed protein quality is an important topic in the production of soybean. The quality of soybean proteins is limited by anti-nutrient proteins and low levels of essential sulfur amino acids. In this study, protein content and solubility of six cultivars were evaluated and seed storage proteins were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and scanning densitometry. The results showed that seed storage protein bands were similar among soybean cultivars. However, concentration of β-conglycinin (7S), glycinin (11S) proteins and related subunits were statistically different among the soybean cultivars. According to the results of this study, 033 and DPX cultivars were characterized by high levels of protein content (42.45 %) and protein solubility (76.58 mg g -1


This article focuses on the issue of taklid and public adherence to a particular mazhab of fiqh, especially the Syafi'i mazhab in Malaysia. In examining the issue, this study uses the method of content analysis by studying the views of usuliyyin (ulama usul fiqah) on the practice of taqlid. Most usuliyyin state that syariah only requires the public to refer to ahl al-zikr (scholars) to get an explanation of the fatwa without being tied to any particular mazhab. The reality in Malaysia shows that most of the jurisprudence laws of the Syafi'i's mazhab have become a common practice in ritual matters, adapted into the curriculum of basic Islamic education in primary and secondary schools including codified in the Islamic administrative acts and enactments of the states. Therefore, this study shows that the Syafi'i mazhab should be the main guide for the consistent practice of Islamic law among the public. For scholars level, this mazhab may serve as a scientific basis for exploring the fatwa of the various mazhab in order to prepare the current fatwa for Muslims' interest. Thus, this study found that the public's adherence to the Shafi'i mazhab in Malaysia is preferred to be more effective approach in promoting unity of Muslim society rather than following the fatwa of various mazhab that are difficult to control. For the sake of freedom of following mazhab, this study does not prohibit Muslim scholars from practicing fatwa other than the Syafi'i mazhab as long as they adhere to the ethics of disagreement in harmony.


: Brain mapping studies have shown that the source reconstruction performs with high accuracy by using high-density EEG montages, however, several EEG devices in the market provide low-density configurations and thus source reconstruction is considered out of the scope of those devices. In this work, our aim is to use a few numbers of electrodes to reconstruct the neural activity using partial brain models, therefore, we presented a pipeline to estimate the brain activity using a low-density EEG on brain regions of interest, the partial brain model formulation and several criteria for channel selection. Two regions have been considered to be studied, the occipital region and motor cortex region. For the presented study synthetic EEG signals were generated simulating the activation of sources with a frequency in the beta range at the occipital region, and mu rhythm range at the motor cortex areas. Novel methods for electrode reduction and models for specific brain areas are presented. We assessed the quality of the reconstructions by measuring the localization error, obtaining a mean localization error below 7 mm and 16 mm with sLORETA and MSP methods respectively, by using a low-density EEG with eight channels and partial brain models.


Caroline Pearce* Research Associate, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. Geoff Wong General Practitioner and Associate Professor, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK Stephen Barclay General Practitioner and University Senior Lecturer, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. *Corresponding author: email@example.com


Tax expense and net income are affected by tax avoidance. Firms that practice high tax avoidance tend to have a high audit risk of being audited and of audit failures because tax laws inherently have ambiguities of application and interpretation. Our main objective in this paper is to examine whethe...


THE POWER OF THE MACHINE IN LITERATURE lies in its ability to focus attention on one of our deeply-rooted beliefs. The machine is a universal symbol of our culture's blind devotion to logical method, and has remained constant in this symbology through two-and-one-half centuries of literature. Even though the complexity of the machines that have inspired our metaphors have grown—from blocks of wood inscribed with letters and turned by cranks in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels to the hyper-evolved computer of John Barth's Giles Goat-Boy—the tenor, the argument of these metaphors has remained the same. The machine is an invitation and a warning. It is simultaneously fas cinating and threatening. It is somehow both superior to and inferior to the punier humans who build, operate and sometimes are subjugated by it. Machines are tangible proof of the success of our scientific tech niques; as William Barrett suggests, they are " embodied decision pro cedures." At the same time, they testify to what is sadly diminished and insufficient in our blind faith that our techniques of discovery, our calculus and physics and biochemistry and cybernetics, will tell the whole story. While we may be ennobled by our grandiose fiction that the universe is a clockwork mechanism, there is also something inherently depressing about the vision of our spirits acting as mere cogs in that mechanism. To some behaviorists, logical positivists, artificial intelligence theo rists and sheer rationalists, the ghost in the machine is a delusion we've conjured to comfort ourselves with a superiority that cannot be proven. In their view, the human mind is just a brain, and its processes, though extraordinarily complex, will eventually be elucidated as surely as the atomic weights of different elements in the periodic table. But to others —some quantum physicists, artists, writers and phenomenologists, especially—there is room for doubt. The periodic table is a convenient model, but not a description, of the elusive mechanics of the atom, which has been subdivided into quarks and a host of even more intangible par-


In a conventional bistatic LIDAR system, a laser pulse is generated and is reflected by the target. The round trip time determines the position of this target. In a greatly scattered medium, like water, the returned target signal is hidden by the random backscatter due to the existence of the suspended particules within the ocean mass. The improvement of the target detection sensitivity is possible in this backscatter clutter by modulating an optical pulse laser. We propose a theoretical study of the behavior of a modulated pulse in the underwater medium. We show that the randomly distributed backscatter does not maintain coherency of the modulation envelope whereas the target signal keeps this information. Due to this, the detection of the modulation envelope tends to suppress the incoherent backscatter clutter thereby improving the target contrast. We present a bistatic scheme detection in underwater medium, simulate it and compare results with a laboratory experiment. Simulation of the laser pulse propagation takes into account the single scattering approximation. Numerical integrals are calculated with an original technical based on the division into cubes of the definition domain. Detection of the modulated envelope is based on a fast frequency filter. The optical source used in the experiment is a 1500 nm laser diode controlled by a modulated current (500 Mhz). The ocean mass is simulated with a plastic fiber. A short pulse (10 ns) is transmitted into fiber. The returning pulse is collected by photodiode and analyzed with signal processing method. Experimental results show the efficiency of the modulated signal by a gain of the SNR ratio.


Large amount of feather waste is generated every year by poultry processing plant. A small portion of feather waste is steamed, incinerated or chemically treated. Keratin from feathers can be biodegraded by some keratinolytic bacteria which serves as an alternate method. In this study keratin degrading bacteria were isolated from mangrove soil near Thane creek, Mumbai, (India). The production of feather hydrolysate was investigated for its protein content, Nitrogen content, antioxidant activity, invitro digestibility and phosphorus content. Isolate was identified to be Bacillus cereus CC-1 which degraded 90% of feather in 4 days. The crude enzyme showed good protease activity (50 μg/ml/min). Bacillus cereus CC-1 showed ability to degrade raw feather under optimal temperature of 37oC and pH 8. Also, Feather hydrolysate showed high protein content (1.9mg/ml), phosphorus content (5.5μg/ml) and good invitro digestibility. The antioxidant activity of feather hydrolysate was found to be 0.45mg/ml. Finally, the hydrolysate was checked as a biofertilizer and significant results were achieved.


With the microwave digestion technique and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry method, the trace cadmium in water treatment reagent is measured. The linear range is 0~20μg/L, the detection limit is 0.13μg/L, the relative standard deviation is 2.6%, and the recovery is 98.0%. The proposed method is proved to be accurate, rapid and convenient. It has been used in the determination of water treatment reagent.


This Bachelor thesis is assigned to interpret and visualize the degree of contamination and degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAH) in relationship with groundwater chemistry and signals from geophysical surveys. The relationships between pollutant, chemistry data and geophysical surveys were tested through linear regression. By using the Swedish National Food Agency limits for drinking water quality will give a perspective to the degree and extension of the contamination.
As the results show the reducing groundwater conditions contribute in high extent to the degradation of PCE. In some areas of Fargaren 3 the total contamination concentration reaches 338180 µg/l. Nearby industrial activities and water source have great influence on the areas hydrogeological properties and the complex geology is affecting the sorption and transport of pollutants. Correlations have been made between geoelectrical signals, contaminants and chemical properties of the groundwater. But no strong relationships could be proven. The results also contain a discussion of the benefits of remediation in aspect of its environmental impact.
The groundwater analysis data used in this thesis has been collected from the Transparent Underground Structure (TRUST) research group and are mainly results from the investigations made by contract environmental consultants. Data was summarized in an excel-based database along with well information based on well logs. For visualization I have found much use of the Voxler 3 software and ArcGIS-suite for visualization and evaluation of contaminant spread and degradation.


A remotely controllable power control system wherein the power supplied to a load may be varied locally via an actuator, positionable through a continuous range, on a wall control or from a remote location using a remote control device not electrically wired to the wall control. The load control system includes a transmitter (20) and a wall control/receiver (60), each having a control actuator for adjusting the power supplied to the load. Control can be obtained by either the transmitter or the wall control/receiver immediately upon manipulation of either control actuator, with the adjustment in power level occuring substantially instantaneously. Communication between the transmitter and the wall control/receiver is by e.g. digitally encoded infrared signal.


Rhizobia are a widely distributed and abundant soil bacteria belonging to the alpha subclass of the Proteobacteria. The aim of this study was the estimation of rhizobial diversity in different genera using several molecular markers for genomic fingerprinting and the detection of certain symbiotic properties of rhizobia. Phage typing was done in order to detect different susceptibilities to attack by specific bacteriophages. In Serbia rhizobia showed a high level of diversity in genomic fingerprints generated with RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR) or rep-PCR (repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR), with primers binding to interspersed repetitive sequences (REP, ERIC and BOX). Together, RAPD and rep-PCR data provide an estimation of a large range of diversity, from intrageneric to strain levels, concerning different rhizobial genera nodulating legumes in Serbia. Two molecular markers were used for detection of symbiotic features of rhizobia: nodulation (nod) genes and genes encoding dinitrogenase reductase enzymes (nifH). Phage typing relies on the presence or absence of particular receptors on the bacterial surface, which are used by the virus to bind to the bacterial wall. Rhizobia phage typing revealed high specificity at the strain level and different patterns of resistance/susceptibility to bacteriophages were obtained.


Our presentation deals with how the needs of both students and teachers drive Dalarna University's development of blended learning and how the implementation of campus-based as well as online educa ...


Background Diagnostic trajectories for neurogenetic disorders frequently require the use of considerable time and resources, exposing patients and families to so-called "diagnostic odysseys". Previous studies have provided strong evidence for increased diagnostic and clinical utility of whole-exome sequencing in medical genetics. However, specific reports assessing its utility in a setting such as ours- a neurogeneticist led academic group serving in a low-income country—are rare. Objectives To assess the diagnostic yield of WES in patients suspected of having a neurogenetic condition and explore the cost-effectiveness of its implementation in a research group located in an Argentinean public hospital. Methods This is a prospective study of the clinical utility of WES in a series of 40 consecutive patients selected from a Neurogenetic Clinic of a tertiary Hospital in Argentina. We evaluated patients retrospectively for previous diagnostic trajectories. Diagnostic yield, clinical impact on management and economic diagnostic burden were evaluated. Results We demonstrated the clinical utility of Whole Exome Sequencing in our patient cohort, obtaining a diagnostic yield of 40% (95% CI, 24.8%-55.2%) among a diverse group of neurological disorders. The average age at the time of WES was 23 (range 3–70). The mean time elapsed from symptom onset to WES was 11 years (range 3–42). The mean cost of the diagnostic workup prior to WES was USD 1646 (USD 1439 to 1853), which is 60% higher than WES cost in our center. Conclusions WES for neurogenetics proved to be an effective, cost- and time-saving approach for the molecular diagnosis of this heterogeneous and complex group of patients.


Injection production ratio is an important basis which is used for studying injection production balance condition and adjusting correlation between injection and production.It also is an index which serves as weighing the degree of artificial supplementary energy and underground deficit during some period. An injection production ratio predication model is constructed basing on the theory of water flooding and the principle of injection production balance. According to the veryfying results of reservoir numerical simulation, tiis mathematical model has a high precision; the pilot prediction results indicate that it can be used for predicting injection production ratio in all kinds of water cut period over every fracture degree oil field. A good injection production project need to be stipulated for so that the economic benefit of water flooding can increase.Therefore, the rational injection production ratio and injection water allocation must be predicted depending on the rational injection production pressure gradient, production rate and adjusting value of water cut..


In this article we introduce "global mindset" as an individual-level variable to help explain the effectiveness of managers leading change in international contexts. We describe and analyze an organization change effort at Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products Brazil with a focus on the degree to which the change leader possessed the intellectual, psychological, and social capitals that compose a global mindset. This is an exploratory analysis intended to help map out the key characteristics of managers associated with effectively leading change in cross-culturally complex situations.


Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart MGG-Online. Herausgegeben von Laurenz Lutteken [Kassel; Stuttgart: Barenreiter. New York: RILM, [2016-], www.mgg-online.com (accessed 30 June 2017). [Requires a Web browser and Internet connection. Annual subscriptions are currently only available to institutions: libraries, research institutes, schools, and other organisations.] The launching of MGG-Online in November 2016 marked the triumphant end of a development process that had begun back in 2000 with the decision to create a digital platform for what is regarded by many scholars as the most important and ambitious musical encyclopedias ever created. The team that undertook this work faced a range of complex challenges. The extraordinary flexibility afforded by the latest digital technology allowed a radical reimagining of the entire information architecture of MGG and yet it was crucial to maintain a tangible connection, both visually and structurally, with the most recent printed edition of the work. Two fundamental areas needed to be addressed: one, at the authorial or editorial level, that enabled a constant process of revision to be undertaken with minimal disruption to the site; and the second, the interface for the user and in particular, the search mechanism. While the editorial flexibility of MGG-Online is not apparent to external users, the excellence of the user interface and flexibility of the search parameters suggest that it is likely to be equally good. There is one other outstanding feature that deserves mention in this context: searches may be made in German or English since the RILM equivalencies sit in the background while an in-built translation link enables the user to navigate the site and read articles in a raft of languages ranging from Afrikaans to Vietnamese. The machine translations, like all of their kind, are highly variable in style and accuracy but provide the non-German speaking reader with a reasonable sense of an article's contents and the German reader, so inclined, with a potentially rich source of amusement. Arriving on the home page, the reader is struck by the clarity of the design and the clever way in which the strengths of the database are immediately yet unobtrusively displayed. A simple search text box can be found to the right of the screen beneath which is a brief description of MGG: Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (MGG) is a general encyclopedia of music. MGG is encyclopedic in the true sense of that term: it offers in-depth articles on every aspect of music as well as many related areas such as literature, philosophy, and visual arts. MGG Online contains the second print edition of MGG, published from 1994 to 2008, as well as current, continuous online updates and additions. Four standing items occupy the remainder of the home page: Recently Updated Articles [these are described variously as major updates or minor revisions and are dated], Article of the Day, This Day in History, and Featured Article. In the listed articles, a hyperlink takes the reader directly to the selected article. These four sections serve not only to engage the interest of the visitor to the site and demonstrate the breadth of scholarship that is to be found in MGG-Online, but more importantly, they illustrate the fundamental principle that underpins the venture: that MGG is in a state of constant evolution as it updates, revises, replaces, and commissions new articles as new scholarship emerges. At the foot of the home page, the user is invited to watch the launch of MGG-Online at the American Musicological Society (AMS) Conference in Vancouver in November 2016. Video clips of presentations by Laurenz Lutteken, Editor-in-Chief of MGG-Online, and Jonathan Greenberg, Product Development Coordinator, are particularly interesting since they discuss both the evolution of the digital project and give a brief demonstration of some of the features of MGG-Online. …


A product model, in which {x(t)}
, is the product of a slowly varying random window, {w(t)}, and a stationary random process, {g(t)}, is defined. A single realization of the process will be defined as x(t). This is slightly different from the usual definition of the product model where the window is typically defined as deterministic. An estimate of the energy (the zero order temporal moment, only in special cases is this physical energy) of the random process, {x(t)}, is defined as m0=∫∞∞|x(t)|2dt=∫−∞∞|w(t)g(t)|2dt Relationships for the mean and variance of the energy estimates, m0, are then developed. It is shown that for many cases the uncertainty (4π times the product of rms duration, Dt, and rms bandwidth, Df) is approximately the inverse of the normalized variance of the energy. The uncertainty is a quantitative measure of the expected error in the energy estimate. If a transient has a significant random component, a small uncertainty parameter implies large error in the energy estimate. Attempts to resolve a time/frequency spectrum near the uncertainty limits of a transient with a significant random component will result in large errors in the spectral estimates.


We have observed that under certain circumstances, in addition to the predictable Josephson voltage, variable anomalous voltages can be induced across a ''Nb‐oxide‐Pb'' type tunnel junction having Cu voltage and current leads fixed by In solder onto the junction's thin‐film electrodes. The analysis of the experimental results shows that the microwave‐induced anomalous voltages are due to the combined effect of a contact onto the Nb film and of a contact onto the Pb film which behave quite differently. The induced anomalous voltage may be large or small or even remain undetectable, according to the temperature‐dependent quality of the individual contacts. Appearance of anomalous voltages can efficiently be prevented by means of Au contact lands. Precautions should be taken, however, for the preparation of the Au lands, as it is illustrated by an example.


This essay examines two late nineteenth-century works of fiction that thematize love and desire between men. The first of these is Emerich von Stadion's short story "Leonor." This tale of a young man being hoodwinked by a cross-dressing woman inspired Leopold von Sacher-Masoch's Die Liebe des Plato. Although the two works are similar, there is a key difference between the two texts with regard to how they portray male-male love.


This article provides a social contract explanation of and justification for the political question doctrine's application in war powers disputes. Natural legal principles demonstrate that even if the doctrine stands on unsure footing in some respects, it properly renders non-justiciable any supposed conflict between Congress and the President. As a detailed look into John Locke's work reveals, the intervening of a judiciary power into war decisions robs a government of the touchstone of its legitimacy.


My vision of evaluation in 2010 is a worldwide activity, involving people from many countries and also from many different backgrounds, disciplines, professions, and organizations. In my vision of the future, we also understand that we each have something to contribute to the world of evaluation—and much to learn. I dream that by 2010 the "world" of evaluation recognizes and celebrates national and regional differences and contributions, as well as the contributions from different disciplines and from different professions. It will also include the contributions that come from evaluation practice—from the experiences and insights of external evaluators and academics, as with much of the evaluation literature, but also from evaluation managers and commissioners, internal evaluation units, self-evaluating managers and staff, and consumers who conduct or use evaluation. I dream that in 2010, all these players are contributing to a lively process of developing better evaluation theory and practice that addresses financial, economic, institutional, social, and environmental evaluation of programs, projects, policies, and products. The map of evaluation has often been drawn in such a way that it looks very much like a map of social science research methods. But, just as the Europeans' maps of the Pacific gradually filled in more land as they discovered it was there, we will gradually discover and incorporate the vital contributions from other disciplines and other professions to answer evaluation questions and manage evaluations and evaluation systems. To answer causal questions, we will draw on the frameworks and techniques from history, forensic medicine,


T HE BACTERIOLOGY OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF) PULMONARY infections has been the focus of attention for decades (1). Nevertheless, many controversies still exist concerning the rates and clinical implications of colonization with organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia. To assess appropriately the impact of colonization with these organisms, the microbiological techniques used in processing the respiratory specimen from patients with CF must be capable of detecting all of the common organisms associated with CF such as Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus injluenzae, P aeruginosa, P cepacia, and other Pseudomonas species as well as related organisms such as xanthomonas. Establishment of a minimum protocol for assessment of sputum and throat swabs from CF patients all across Canada would allow for comparison of colonization rates between centres and regions and increase the sample size for validation of clinical associations, thus providing the foundation for epidemiological studies. These guidelines were therefore developed by the Clinic Subcommittee of the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis Foundation based upon recommendations from the Canadian Association of Medical Microbiologists (2). LABORATORY ACCREDITATION AND PROFICIENCY TESTING All laboratories in Canada which perform work for CF clinics need to be fully accredited and subscribe to proficiency testing programs which allow laboratories to track their capability of reliably identifying the presence of organisms such as P cepacia in sputa (3). Furthermore, on a regular basis, proficiency test specimens should include in their panels the commonly found organisms seen in patients with CF (eg, S aureus, H injluenzae, P aeruginosa, P cepacia).


Abstract. We give some characterizations of real hypersurfaces of type (A) in complex two plane Grassmannians , that is, a tube over a totally geodesic in with the commuting condition for the shape operator A, the structure tensors and , together with additional geometric conditions.


EFFECT OF SOLUBLE DILUENTS WITH DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZE ON DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF TRIMETAZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE FROM MATRIX TABLETS V. V. Mohylyuk, L. L. Davtian ShupykNationalMedicalAcademyof Postgraduate Education, Kyiv Summary: The effect of soluble diluent lactose monohydrate and sorbitol with average particle size 11, 17, 251 and 110, 299, 531 µm, respectively, on dissolution profile of trimetazidine dihydrochloride model substance from matrix tablets with insoluble and unswellable Ethocel 10, insoluble and swellable Kollidon SR, soluble and swellable Methocel K4M as matrix formers was investigated. The effect of soluble diluents particle size on drug release from matrix tablets with different matrix formers was established and explained. Key words: matrix tablet, Ethocel, Kollidon SR, Methocel K, sorbitol, lactose. Introduction. Oral matrix tablets are the modern dosage forms using which could be achieved desirable in vitro release kinetics of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and correspondent in vivo concentration level. That's why the study of factors that affect in vitro dissolution release of API is an actual task and the effect of diluents particle size is one of these factors. There are two main types of matrix systems with different mechanism of soluble components release: with soluble matrix former that is forming the gel layer on the surface of matrix and with insoluble matrix former. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of diluent's particle size on dissolution profile of trimetazidine dihydrochloride from matrix tablets with insoluble and unswellable Ethocel 10, insoluble and swellable Kollidon SR, soluble and swellable Methocel K4M as matrix formers. Methods. Particle size distribution measurement by the laser scattering method, tablet manufacturing using direct compression method for more predictable tablet structure, dissolution test and matrix tablets structure evaluation by optical microscopy were used for experiment. Results and discussion. On a more detailed level tablet components form clusters. These clusters have a specific structure that is depending on the number, size, shape, volume ratio of the components and the method of tablets manufacture. Soluble sorbitol and less soluble lactose monohydrate were used for experiment. The drug release from Ethocel 10 matrix was decreased with diluents particle size increasing. The drug release from Kollidon SR matrix was decreased with soluble diluents particle size increasing from 17 to 110 µm and follow particle size increasing from 110 to 513 µm almost hadn't affect. Diluents particle size almost hadn't effect on drag release from Methocel K4M matrix tablets too. The effect of diluents particle size increasing on release from insoluble unswellable Ethocel 10 and insoluble swellable Kollidon SR matrices could be explained from position of percolation theory by more isolated clusters formation and porosity decreasing. The almost absence of diluents particle size effect on drug release from soluble swellable Methocel K4M matrix could be explained by diffusion mechanism predominance. The release of trimetazidine dihydrochloride (340 g/ml) from Ethocel 10, Kollidon SR and Methocel K4M matrix tablets was faster when used sorbitol (>4000 g/ml) than lactose monohydrate (210 g/ml). This result is consistent with the higher solubility of sorbitol in comparison with lactose monohydrate. Conclusions. Decreasing of trimetazidine dihydrochloride dissolution kinetics from Ethocel 10 matrix tablets with lactose and sorbitol particle size increasing was established. The dissolution kinetics from Kollidon SR matrix tablets was decreased with soluble diluent particle size increasing from 17 to 110 µm, but sorbitol particle size increasing from 110 to 513 µm had no effect on dissolution profile. Particle size of soluble diluents had no significant effect on dissolution kinetics from Methocel K4M matrix tablets. The dissolution kinetics from tablets with Ethocel 10, Kollidon SR and Methocel K4 as matrix formers was decreased with diluent solubility decreasing.


This paper expounds the features of the development of independent college's library,lists up some problems existing in the construction of independent college's library,and in the light of these problems,puts forward some development strategies for independent college's library.


A concurrent extension of the recent COP language MLCoDa is presented. We formalise its operational semantics and we propose a run time verification mechanism that enforces a notion of non-interference among concurrent threads. More precisely, this mechanism prevents an application from modifying the context so as to dispose some resources or to contradict assumptions upon which other applications rely.


The mutation induction technique associated with hybridization has provided the development of new genotypes with desirable agronomic traits. Seeds of eighteen F2 wheat lines being ten originated by plant selections of the Kauz "S" x IAC-24 hybrid, were irradiated (I) with gamma rays and eight non irradiated (NI) plus the check cultivars IAC-24 and IAC-289 were evaluated for grain yield, agronomic characteristics and disease resistance in six trials carried out at different locations, under sprinkler irrigation (limed soils) and dryland (limed and acid soils) conditions, during 1997-99. In laboratory conditions, the genotypes were evaluated for their toxicity tolerance in nutrient solutions using as controls the cultivars BH-1146 (tolerant) and Anahuac (sensitive). The line L18-I was superior for grain yield under limed soil and sprinkler irrigation conditions. Under dryland and acid soil, the line L20-I, tolerant to Al3+toxicity in nutrient solutions, presented good grain yield differing only from IAC-289, the most sensitive to Al3+ toxicity. IAC-289 and line L9-NI had good performance under limed soil and dryland conditions. L11-I exhibited the shortest plants in all trials, to lodging resistance and tolerance to Al3+ toxicity. All genotypes were susceptible to leaf spot. L9-NI had good potential as source of resistance to leaf rust. Except to Anahuac, IAC-289 and line L3-NI, all genotypes were tolerant to the presence of 10 mg L-1 of Al3+, in nutrient solutions.


The article reveals the essence of the green economy. It is proposed to define it as a trend in economic science, implying the simultaneous preservation and development of the biosphere and civilization, and as a way of doing business, which is aimed at improving the well-being of people without risks to the biosphere. The postulates of the theory of a "green" economy are examined, the key of which is the impossibility of satisfying infinitely growing needs in conditions of limited resources. The directions of the green economy system are considered: 1) introduction of renewable energy sources; 2) improvement of the waste management system; 3) improving the water management system; 4) the development of "clean" transport; 5) organic farming in agriculture; 6) energy efficiency in the housing sector; 7) conservation and effective management of ecosystems. The principles of a green economy known today are highlighted: justice; respect; precautions; participation; management; economic, social and environmental sustainability; efficiency (stable production and consumption); intergenerational relations (investment in the future). An understanding of the nature and description of the goals of "green" technologies is proposed, which involves working not with the consequences, but with the causes of environmental problems. The characteristic features of the green economy are highlighted: the efficient use of natural resources, the conservation and increase of natural capital, the reduction of pollution, low carbon emissions, the prevention of biodiversity loss, the growth of income and employment, and in general the reduction of the anthropogenic pressure on the environment. The EaP GREEN program was considered, the role and prospects of Ukraine's participation in it were determined.


Abstract Assessment of the quality of governance has so far relied on socioeconomic statistics and expert opinions, while largely neglecting citizens' perceptions. Using AsiaBarometer 2008 data, this paper examines the factors affecting citizens' satisfaction with their government in six Asian-Pacific countries: America, Australia, China, India, Japan, and Russia. I found citizen satisfaction with the public services they receive, such as education, healthcare, and public safety, matters most in their assessment of government performance. Individual satisfaction with income, job, and housing also matters. The respondent will disapprove government performance if he or she thinks corruption is serious in government, or elected officials stop caring about citizens once voting is finished. In terms of macro variables, economic condition of a country seems to matters significantly. Especially, if a country's economy is growing fast, citizens are much more likely to be satisfied with government performance. Large within-country variations exist in countries such as China and India, where citizens of different cities or regions may give rather different assessments of government, suggesting many contextual variables not captured by this study. Lastly, citizens' satisfaction with government performance seems to be highly divergent from international organizations' evaluation of governance quality, such as the World Bank Governance Index. This raises both methodological and normative issues regarding the proper approaches to measuring good governance.


A recent report in BMC Biology on the discovery and analysis of biosynthetic genes for ribosomal peptide natural products confirms that these pathways are much more common and diverse than previously suspected, contributing substantially to the chemical arsenal employed by bacteria.


We report molecular dynamics computer simulations of low temperature-high load plastic deformation of Ni nanophase samples with several mean grain sizes in the range of 3–5 nm. The samples are polycrystals nucleated from different seeds, with random location and orientation. Among the mechanisms responsible for the deformation, grain boundary sliding and motion, as well as grain rotation are identified. No dislocation activity is detected, in contrast to the behavior of coarse grain metals. Interpreting the results in terms of grain boundary viscosity, a linear dependence of strain rate with the inverse of the grain size is obtained.


The modeling of the software test process using a state variable approach and the use of control theory concepts to regulate the process and calibrate the model has proven to be a valuable alternative for software process control. A description of the current status of the technique along with recent model improvements is presented. The architecture of a Web-based tool to hide the complexity of the model and algorithms and increase the applicability of the technique is also presented. Finally, the directions of future research toward improvement in the accuracy of the model and in the calibration algorithm are described.


Although several studies have linked influence tactics with organizational outcomes, few have examined how different types of influence strategies adopted by superiors get interpreted differently by their subordinates. Using data collected from a sample of Chinese working adults in a manufacturing company, the present study seeks to contribute to literature by integrating a comprehensive attribution model, exploring the effects of the targets' contributions to assertive, persuasive and relational strategies with five organizational outcomes--felt obligation, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job performance and citizenship behavior. While most previous studies indicated negative relationships between assertive influence tactics and outcomes, our results show that assertive influence behaviors can also lead to productive outcomes as perceived by subordinates. Finally, implications of the theory for practitioners are discussed.


Haemochromatosis, with Diabetes Mellitus, Hepatic Cirrhosis and Chronic Ascites.-F. PARKES WEBER, M.D. The patient (A. P.), aged 54, an English picture-frame-maker, was admitted to hospital on November 4, 1930, in a somewhat drowsy state. The skin of his whole body was rather dry, and showed slight "slaty" pigmentation. There was moderate ascites and the liver and spleen both reached down to umbilical level. His urine was of specific gravity 1035; acid; free from albumin; it contained 4*6 per cent. sugar, much acetone and diacetic acid, but was free from indican and excess of urobilinogen. Brachial blood-pressure: 115/70 mm. Hg. The blood-serum showed no lipoid turbidity; contained 150 mgm. per cent. cholesterol (within normal limits); and gave a very slightly positive indirect (negative direct) Hijmans van den Bergh reaction and negative Wassermann and Meinicke reactions. Blood-sugar (November 11): 0a230 per cent. Nothing abnormal by ophthalmoscopic examination. The blood sedimentation rate is slightly accelerated as compared to the normal average. The blood-picture (November 21) shows nothing special, excepting that in the differential count the lymphocytes are 31 per cent. and there are 7 per cent. eosinophils. The treatment is by insulin and tapping the ascites when required. It seems that the present illness was first noticed about four months before admission, when the patient commenced to pass more urine than he was wont to, and some darkness of his skin was observed. He had been under insulin treatment before admission, but nevertheless for two months he had been troubled with thirst. Previously he seems to have enjoyed good health, but had malaria 12 years ago, and pneumonia once when younger. Has apparently been a moderate beer-drinker. Dr. Weber thinks that visceral without cutaneous haemochromatosis may be present in some cases of hepatic cirrhosis with diabetes mellitus, even when there is no cutaneous pigmentation.


Brains make minds because mental representations and processes are performed by neural mechanisms. Mental representations work by patterns of firing in neural groups. More complicated representations that go beyond sensory experience can be formed by binding representations together, combining patterns of firing into new ones. In particular, binding can produce semantic pointers that coalesce and compress different kinds of information, including sensory, motor, emotional and verbal information. Semantic pointers retain connections to sensory and motor experience while also acquiring the autonomy that is usually attributed to symbols. Eliasmith's semantic pointer hypothesis shows how neural cells can interact to produce high-level thinking. Different representations compete with each other to provide accounts of what is going on in the world through a parallel process of satisfaction of multiple constraints. Neural networks can learn by changing the synaptic connections between neurons.


In recent years, much work has been performed to summarize meeting recordings, sport videos, movies, pictorial storylines and social multimedia. Automatic text summarization is an essential natural language processing (NLP) application that goals to summarize a given textual content into a shorter model. The fast growth in multimedia information transmission over the Internet demands multi-modal summarization (MMS) from asynchronous combination of text, image, audio and video. This paper represents an MMS framework that utilizes the techniques of NLP, speech processing and OCR watermarking technique to examine the elaborative information contained in multimodal statistics and to enhance the aspects of multimedia news summarization. The basic concept is to bridge the semantic gaps among multi-modal content. For audio scheme, convert the audio signals into textual format. For visual scheme, extracts text from images using OCR technique. After, the generated summary for important visual information through content-picture matching or multi-modal topic modeling. Finally, all the multi-modal factors are considered to generate a textual summary by maximizing the importance, non-redundancy, credibility and scope through the allocated accumulation of submodular features. The contribution work is to identify theme of visual scheme. The experimental result shows that Multi-Modal Summarization framework outperforms other competitive techniques.


We propose a pilot-data transmission overlay scheme for multipair massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relaying systems employing either half-duplex or full-duplex (FD) communications at the relay station (RS). In the proposed scheme, pilots are transmitted in partial overlap with data to decrease the channel estimation overhead. The RS can detect the source data with minimal destination pilot interference by exploiting the asymptotic orthogonality of massive MIMO channels. Then pilot-data interference can be effectively suppressed with the assistance of the detected source data in the destination channel estimation. Due to the transmission overlay, the effective data period is extended, hence improving system throughput. Both theoretical and simulation results confirm that the proposed pilot-data overlay scheme outperforms the conventional separate pilot-data design in the limited coherence interval scenario. Moreover, at asymptotically high and low SNR regions, the proposed scheme is superior regardless of the coherence interval length. Because of simultaneous transmission, the proper power allocation of source data transmission and relay data forwarding can further improve the system performance. Hence a power allocation problem is formulated and a successive convex approximation approach is proposed to solve the non-convex optimization problem with the FD pilot-data transmission overlay.


Books reviewed: Joseph E. Stiglitz and Shahid Yusuf (eds) Rethinking the East Asian Miracle Hal Hill and Jo-o M. Saldanha, East Timor: Development Challenges for the World's Newest Nation Nat J. Colletta, Teck Ghee Lim and Anita Kelles-Viitanen (eds), Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention in Asia S. Sugiyama and Linda Grove (eds), Commercial Networks in Modern Asia Marcel Timmer, The Dynamics of Asian Manufacturing: A Comparative Perspective in the Late Twentieth Century Jagdish Bhagwati, The Wind of the Hundred Days: How Washington Mismanaged Globalization Asian Development Bank, The Role of Central Banks in Microfinance in Asia and the Pacific, Volumes 1 and 2 Prema-Chandra Athukorala and Chris Manning, Structural Change and International Migration in East Asia Prema-Chandra Athukorala, Crisis and Recovery in Malaysia: The Role of Capital Controls Ruth McVey (ed.), Money and Power in Provincial Thailand David Gruen and John Simon (eds), Future Directions for Monetary Policy in East Asia Geoffrey B. Hainsworth (ed.), Globalization and the Asian Economic Crisis: Indigenous Responses, Coping Strategies and Governance Reform in Southeast Asia Brij V. Lal (ed.), Fiji Before the Storm: Elections and the Politics of Development Pradeep Agarwal, Subir V. Gokarn, Veena Mishra, Kirit S. Parikh and Kunal Sen, Policy Regimes and Industrial Competitiveness Iyanatul Islam and Anis Chowdhury, The Political Economy of East Asia: Post-crisis Debates


The Estonian Competition Authority fined AS Eesti Postin expedite proceedings for an abuse of dominant position (unequal treatment, fidelity rebates). Eesti Post appealed the decision. On October…


The fabrication of 3D structures with a large complete photonic bandgap (PBG) has been an important goal, since the concept was introduced two decades ago. Many proposed structures exhibit PBGs with theoretical relative widths below 5%, often too narrow for practical applications, since structural inhomogeneties may reduce the size, or even close, PBGs by introducing unwanted modes into the band structure. In this letter, we report the simulation, assembly, and optical properties of the first Ge inverse woodpile structure with a 25% wide PBG. This structure is created by direct-write assembly of a polymeric template followed by sequential deposition of a sacrificial oxide bilayer and Ge. The photonic response is maximized by tuning the Ge filling fraction in accordance with theoretical predictions. Upon removal of the template and sacrificial layers, the reflectance spectrum acquired from the resulting Ge inverse woodpile structure shows a large reflectance peak in the mid-IR indicative of a PBG. 3D periodic structures with a diamond symmetry offer a promising approach for creating PBG materials. Among the diamond or diamondlike lattices that have been fabricated to date, the woodpile structure introduced by Ho et al. remains the most popular. This structure is composed of dielectric rods stacked in a periodic array such that their contact points form a diamondlike lattice. A great advantage of the woodpile architecture over other structures is that it can be readily fabricated by standard lithographic techniques. However, the production of high quality, three-dimensional lattices is expensive. Hence, the study of these crystals has been rather limited. Alternate strategies, such as direct laser and ink writing, have been introduced to create inexpensive polymeric woodpile templates, and very recently, in two simultaneous publications, we and Ozin et al. demonstrated their conversion to high-refractive-index, photonic crystals. Until our recent efforts, all woodpile structures have been composed of solid dielectric rods in an air matrix, even though it is known that inverse symmetries consisting of air rods in a high-refractive-index matrix offer significant advantages. Not only are their PBGs wider, but lower dielectric filling fractions are required to maximize the gap width. Such low filling fractions are advantageous, since the PBG occurs at higher frequencies for a given lattice parameter. In this Communication, we report the first realization and characterization of a Ge inverse woodpile structure with a theoretical PBG width as large as 25%. As proposed in the literature, the woodpile structure with the largest PBG consists of interpenetrating air rods in a high-refractive-index material. In the case of Ge (n= 4.1), a 31% wide PBG can be obtained at the optimal filling fraction. However, this structure cannot be realized experimentally via templating routes, since conformal growth of high-refractive-index material leads to the formation of isolated pores that limit the Ge filling fraction. For cylindrical rods, this threshold value occurs when the outer radius equals 0.306 a, where a is the lattice parameter. Yet, even in the presence of these isolated pores, the inverse woodpile structure can display a large (25% wide) PBG. Figure 1a shows the band structure and density of states of an inverse Ge photonic crystal made of interpenetrated hollow cylinders with internal and external radii of ri = 0.25 a and re = 0.306 a, respectively. These values, corresponding to a Ge filling fraction of 0.16, yield a gap centered at a/k=0.565, where k is the wavelength. Figure 1b shows how the internal radius of the rods and, therefore, the filling fraction, can be C O M M U N IC A IO N


[252554-72-6] C20H25OP (MW 312.39)

InChI = 1S/C20H25OP/c1-16-12-13-17(2)22(16)20-11-7-6-10-19(20)15-21-14-18-8-4-3-5-9-18/h3-11,16-17H,12-15H2,1-2H3/t16-,17-/m1/s1

InChIKey = AYFCPCPUCFNQDN-IAGOWNOFSA-N

(monophosphine ligand for asymmetric catalysis;1 nickel(II) complexes are effective catalyst precursors for enantioselective hydrovinylation with non-coordinating counterions)

Solubility: soluble in THF, diethyl ether, hydrocarbons, and chlorinated solvents.

Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, and GLC analysis.

Preparative Methods: prepared by the reaction of potassium dianion of 2′-(benzyloxymethyl)phenylphosphane1 and (2S,5S)-hexane-2,5-diol cyclic sulfate. The preparation of the latter reagent is described in the literature.2

(1)

Purification: by column chromatography under an inert atmosphere.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: readily oxidizes to the phospholane oxide upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen. The corresponding (allyl)Ni(BARF) complex is stable upon storage at room temperature for several days under a nitrogen atmosphere.


Porous α-Fe2O3 nanodisks with diameter of 150~200 nm and thickness of 40~80 nm were synthesized via a hydrothermal and subsequent high temperature treatment route.The synthesized porous nanodisks were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) ,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) ,transmission electron microscopy(TEM) ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) ,nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM) .The synthesis mechanism was suggested by the special adsorption of phosphate on the(001) plane of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles.The synthesized porous nanodisks showed a BET surface area of 27 m2·g-1 and a pore distribution from 2 nm to 100 nm.The magnetic hysteresis loop showed a higher coercivity than many reported α-Fe2O3 nanostructure materials.


Rather than being a handbook of practical physiotherapy, this book delves into the science behind its application in animals. It is directed towards "physiotherapists and interested others;" it is not written for the veterinarian in general practice. The first chapter reviews the role of the physiotherapist — working on referral from the veterinary surgeon.

The next 2 chapters review behavior and nutrition, primarily of horses and dogs. Veterinarians will find this information correct, but simplistic. Practitioners interested in biomechanics — movement of the spine and joints — will find the next chapter valuable. This is followed by a detailed description of exercise physiology combined with specific examples of training programs for different sports.

There is an exhaustive review on how to diagnose lameness, emphasizing the physical examination. The physiotherapy assessment that follows is, in effect, a detailed lameness examination. The information could help veterinarians who want to expand their skills in detecting sources of lameness.

The authors then move into a chapter to explain manual (manipulative) therapy — a series of passive and active movement techniques. They go on to describe electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, as well as acupuncture and trigger point treatments.

The last 2 chapters summarize and give case examples of canine and equine treatment and rehabilitation. Prevention and treatment of soft tissue injuries and treatment of osteoarthritis, post-surgical healing, as well as athletic injuries are analyzed. There is also a brief section on respiratory physiology and cardiac rehabilitation.

This book is written in a logical format explaining the science behind applying physiotherapy to animals. Though not for the average veterinary practitioner, if there is a keen interest in physiotherapy combined with post-graduate training in the field, or if the reader is a physiotherapist, this book would be an excellent reference source.


Vehicular Ad hoc Network is a technology having the art of integrating ad hoc network, wireless LAN and cellul ar technology to achieve intelligent Inter-Vehicle Communications also known as Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications and Roadside-to-Vehicle Communications. There are chances of a number of possible attacks in VANET due to open nature of wir eless medium. Safety is the primary concern to many road users. The safety requirements can be powerfully supported by many safety applications, such as traffic report an d accident notification. There are chances of a number of poss ible attacks in VANET due to open nature of wireless medium. Safety is the primary concern to many road users. T he safety requirements can be powerfully supported by many safety applications, such as traffic report and acc ident notification. In this research we can identify atta cks and understand attackers by using the classes of attack . If we control attackers and their attacks then it would h elp in saving human life. Also, an effective solution is p roposed for Black hole attack which uses the redundancy elimination mechanism consists of rate decreasing algorithm and state transition mechanism as its components.


VOCl3 reacts with pyrazolylpyridines in the presence of tBuOH to give new six-coordinate vanadium oxoalkoxo complexes. Changing from tBuOH to tBuOOH does not lead to the corresponding tbutylperoxo complexes but to oxidation of Cl-, which finally results in chlorination of the pyrazole fragment of the chelate ligand. These new V(V) complexes catalyze the epoxidation of allylic alcohols and unfunctionalized olefins in the presence of tBuOOH.


Objective To investigate the curative effect and mechanism of anterior route cervical discectomy and internal fixation in the treatment of cervical vertigo. Methods Thirty two patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and internal fixation for cervical vertigo were reviewed retrospectively. Observe and compare the lateral views in flexion and extension of the pre and postoperative cervical roentgenograms. The curative effect was evaluated according to the satisfactory extent of patients and evaluation Scale for cervical vertigo. Results Cervical instability or intervertebral disk hernia was found in all patients. Cervical instability at one level in 10 patients,two levels in 13 patients,and three levels in 7 patients. Intervertebral disk hernia at one level in 10 patients,two levels in 15 patients,and three levels in 7 patients. All the patients underwent anterior routecervical discectomy and internal fixation and followed up 10 to 48 months(average 26 months). The effective rate was 87.5%,and the score of evaluation scale for cervical vertigo has improved obviously (from 13.89 to 23.98). Conculsion The curative effect of anterior route cervical discectomy and internal fixation is significant in cervical vertigo.


The study presents educational and practical possibilities for the development of the intercultural communication of health care team members. In the first part of the study overview a new course "Interdisciplinary collaboration" for students of medicine, nursing, occupational therapy and physical therapy which was started based on 2004-2017 the longitudinal research investigating educational possibilities for the development of the intercultural communication of health care team was performed at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and Vytautas Magnus University [1] results. In the second part of the study presents students' attitude to the new course in 2 perspectives: baseline understanding and altered understanding. The result of this study revealed that their knowledge changed without the students' full understanding of the fact – i.e. subconscious knowledge emerged.


In view of the growing demand of resources in China, it has started looking towards the faraway land to fulfil its needs. The presence of hundreds of skyscrapers in large cities of China show the clear picture of the increased demand for resources, especially the energy resources, in the country. The Central Asian region has become a desired destination for the source of energy in the recent times for China. The proximity to these countries, ethnic connection of Xinjiang region of China to Central Asia, presence of large energy resources and regional stability are some of the reasons behind it. The link between these two regions are there from the times of the presence of ancient Silk Road. The revival of this route in recent years is one of the way to increase the economic benefits of both the regions. So the objective of this paper is to highlight the recent demands of resources in China because of the pressure mounted by inner peripheral regions and the increased need of the country for the new sources of energy security. The policy adopted by the country to deal with the Central Asian nations and the development of new routes will be discussed. The bilateral trade pattern will also be discussed to show the effect of the development of close transport links between China and Central Asian region.


High hardness armor steel (HHA) is developed for construction of military vehicle. HHA steel is complicated to weld as a result of its higher carbon content. Temporary researches give us insufficient recommendation how to optimize welding technology to get weld joint without cracks and flaws. The favorable mechanical properties and compromise between toughness and hardness can be obtained with optimal technology, appropriate heat input and the cooling rate in the temperature range from 600° C to 200° C. Present research through the automation process, carefully selection consumable and controlling cooling rate in the temperature range from 600° C to 200° C gave the welded joint without cracks and pores. Welded joint without flaws has also encouraged tensile strength value. The width of the HAZ was within the range of accepted in the standard MIL-STAN-1185 (max. 15.9 mm from the centerline of the joint). The micro-hardness throw the base metal is between 378 and 521 HV.


The numerous published claims concerning the depiction in Australian rock art of megafaunal species or their tracks are examined. Such proposals have appeared for a century now and they have involved both petroglyphs and pictograms. Patterns in the consideration of the evidence presented in their support are analysed and compared with patterns of similar contentions in other parts of the world. The rationales underpinning these various claims are examined and an attempt is presented to explain their apparent causes.


For huge complex structures,it is difficult to obtain enough information which is required necessarily in their global monitoring.Aiming at this problem,a Substructure Isolation Method(SIM) is proposed for local damage identification.An isolated substructure is a virtual and independent structure,which is separated from a global structure by adding virtual supports on the substructure boundary to zero the substructure boundary responses.Correspondingly the interior responses of the isolated substructure are constructed and used to identify the local substructure damage equivalently.In order to reveal the essence of the Substructure Isolation Method and unify its basic concept,the way of arranging sub-time series is improved according to the SIM method based on impulse response,that is,sub-time series are extracted section by section,and then are arrayed into a Toeplitz matrix.In this way,it not only unifies the expression of SIM based on local time series and that based on impulse response,but also integrates the basic concept of SIM.An experiment of a cantilever beam is used to validate the efficiency and the practical application of this method.Both the substructure isolation and damage identification are performed successfully using local measured responses.


Using an atomic force microscope, the adsorption of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and pyridine, in aqueous solution, onto trisodium citrate equilibrated gold has been monitored by the decrease in the electrostatic potential of the gold surface with time. Pronounced changes in the force−separation curves as a function of time were observed, with determined potential decreases in the range of 20−30 mV. The time dependent diffuse layer potentials changes have been attributed to the displacement of citrate ions on the gold surface by the more strongly adsorbing aromatic amines.


Delirium is commonly encountered in the elderly. It is important to recognize and subsequently treat delirium early to prevent morbidity and mortality. The primary objective of this article review is to gather specific information about each clinical manifestation of delirium in elderly. Sieving through numerous literature and studies regarding the topic of Delirium in the elderly. Majority of the article source were from Medline and PubMed as subscribed by the institution where there are more than 27 million citations in the field of biomedical articles. The articles include articles that was published in Malaysia and also international article due to the limitation in Malaysia itself. The articles were retrieved from publications in the year 1992 up to the current year 2017. Clinical manifestation of delirium that had been reviewed include disordered thinking, euphoric, language impairment, illusion, reversal of sleep wake cycle, inattention, disoriented and memory deficit. Most of the information is about prevalence, clinical diagnosis, and pathophysiology of each of the clinical manifestation. Delirium in elderly is very complex and complicated which involve physical, emotion feelings not only for the patient but also for people in their surroundings. Many articles reviewed explain about each of the symptoms in further details in term on how they act and how they interact with people surrounding.


In this paper, a novel model for a high-leakage multiwinding transformer is presented. This model is termed the extended T model. The model is developed by relating physical spaces within the multiwinding transformer to the leakage inductances and the mutual couplings of the transformer. The model is currently being investigated for the following areas: leakage and cross-coupling effects in resonant and hard-switched converters, modelling of EMI parasitics and AC resistance components, and modelling of poly-phase transformers, coupled inductors, and machines. In this paper, the basic model is presented and validated. A high-power high-leakage three-winding transformer is first characterized on the bench using open-circuit and series-coupling tests. This test data set yields the transformer inductance matrix composed of self and mutual inductances. The elements of the matrix are then broken down into the leakage and mutual inductances between the three windings. The physical structure of the transformer is then examined, and the new transformer model is created based on this visual examination and the knowledge of leakage and mutual inductances. The inductance matrix is also used to generate two other models: the conventional T model, and the extended cantilever model. Excellent correlation is demonstrated between all three models, PSPICE simulations, and the experimental load tests using an inductive load.


Smartphones have revolutionized the way people live their daily lives, the way they communicate with each other and the way they access information on-line. A decade ago, desktop computers and laptops were the primary source to use internet and access on-line information. But with all the technological advancements, smartphones and tablets have taken over. An important factor that aided to the popularity of smartphones is different applications available on smartphones. Whether a user wants to play games, watch videos, read books, access on-line information or check his/her email, there are applications for each and every one of them. These applications have greatly enhanced the user experience on smartphones. According to an old saying, everything comes at a price. The same is the case with these smartphone applications. In addition to enhancing user experience and providing easy accessibility, they affect the smartphone battery consumption. They utilize the hardware resources and in turn consume the battery's energy. In comparison to the advancements in hardware and software industry, the development in battery technology is significantly slow. Even the battery energy density has little effect on the battery life with inefficient applications. Therefore there is a need: (a) for applications that efficiently utilize the smartphone battery, (b) to investigate the energy issues (energy bugs) in smartphones. For applications to be energy efficient; we need to have some testing methodologies so that the developers are aware of the energy consumption of their applications and can take appropriate measures while the applications are still in the development phase. Bugs are usually defined as an error in the system and energy bugs in smartphones are responsible for the unexpected and substantial battery drain. In order to research the energy bugs in smartphones, we need to have a comprehensive definition in context of software testing so that the developers can use it as a reference while testing their applications and improve the functionality of their applications. With the above objectives in mind, in this thesis we have proposed and implemented a methodology to efficiently reduce the configuration parameters of smartphone applications that will help in reduction of test cases and will efficiently reduce the testing time. We also validated our methodology by measurements and experiments on four different smartphones. We have investigated the energy issues in smartphones and have defined energy bug. We also validated our definition with measurements and experiments.


NEW DRUGS BASED essential fatty acids, CHARACTERIZED IN COMPRISING A PROPORTION SUBSTANTIAL docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) CLASS OF FATTY esterified at sn-2 OF FOSFATIDICOLINAS (PDCHAS) acetylated sn-1 O LISOFOSFATIDICOLINAS (SMOOTH -PCDHA) or triglycerides-DHA esterified at sn-1 and sn-3. These drugs are used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including atheromatous disease, AND LACK OF OR FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS, PARTICULARLY CEREBRAL.


Summary form only given, as follows. Main duties of an azimuthally varying field-type MC-50 cyclotron installed at Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH) were neutron therapy and medical radioactive isotope production. Since mid 1990's, many attempts have been made to conduct basic nuclear experiments such as in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy, neutron detection, and charged particle spectroscopy. Recently, an additional target room was established and a new beam line was added to purposely conduct these nuclear experiments. The new beam line from the main switching magnet to the new target room is deviated 52 degrees from the zero-degree line of the current neutron therapy line. It consists of one switching magnet, one steering magnet and quadrupole magnets. We designed the new beam line based on a beam optical calculation with the TRANSPORT code for optimal determination of a transfer matrix of the beam line.


Summary The Loch Awe Syncline (Bailey, 1913), affecting the Middle and Upper Iltay Dalradian Successions of Argyllshire, is recognised as an F1 structure. The present work shows that the west limb is arched over a pre-O.R.S., late Caledonian monoform responsible for the fan of first cleavage over the area investigated. Reflecting the style of the earlier Ben Lui-Tarbert Monoform (Roberts & Treagus, 1964), the newly described Kilmelford–Turnalt Monoform adds to the symmetry of the Iltay Nappe Complex. "Mushroom" Structure (Rast, 1963).


The vast majority of COTS software components are not developed for high reliability applications. Using them directly in embedded systems with high reliability requirements could be hazardous, as shown in the incidents of Navy ships Yorktown, Vicksburg and USS Hue City.Challenges to Fault Avoidance Approach: Ensuring the reliability of COTS software at the users' site is not an easy task. COTS software components are not subject to customers' high assurance development processes. Customers can buy source code and then subject them to a high-assurance process and make any modifications that are needed. However, this is a high cost solution. Furthermore, once a COTS software component has been modified, it is unlikely compatible with vendors' future releases. As a result, most of the benefits of using COTS are lost. Therefore this approach - making proprietary modifications to COTS components - is inconsistent with the original motivation for their use.Challenges to Fault Tolerance Approach: There are basically two fault tolerance approaches: fault masking and forward recovery. Fault masking tries to prevent incorrect outputs from being used. For example, Recovery Block attempts to check if an output is correct before using it.Unfortunately, it is often difficult to determine the correctness of a computation without knowing what the correct answer is. Forward fault recovery attempts to recover after incorrect outputs are used and it is not suitable for all the applications. Nor is there a general domain independent approach to forward fault recovery.


One of the most common models used to define the OK neighborhood, a search ellipsoid, has some shortcoming. For instance, it can determine values of the resulting estimates but itself is strongly dependent on the user's knowledge to some extent. This paper presents a smart search ellipsoid (SSE) model to improve the reliability of OK estimates. By constructing an evaluation criteria mainly consisted of the kriging variance and interpolation variance, a participant sample set within the common search ellipsoid (CSE) model can be refined intelligently by a genetic algorithm process. In theory, the output from SSE can guarantee the least estimation uncertainty measured by both kriging variance and interpolation variance. Cross-validation was employed to investigate the interpolation performance of the proposed method. It can result in that OK estimates with the improved model have more global and local accuracy than before. What is noteworthy is that the proposed SSE model does not change the traditional procedure in modeling with OK but only improve the reliability of the estimates intelligently. So this method is valuable, especially for the practitioners in geo-statistics who will mostly be confused by the CSE parameters.


The use of appropriate taxonomic units to describe herbaceous vegetation is an issue of increasing importance due to developing interest in the effects of grazing and other management on plant diversity in pastures. We use data for the genus Aristida as an example to examine patterns of ecological response to grazing, pasture sowing and landscape position in different taxonomic units. Responses of Aristida at the level of genus, section and species were compared over the gradients. There was strong evidence of differential responses to these factors, both between sections within genus, and between species within sections. The planning and execution of botanical field descriptions involve striking a balance between taxonomic accuracy and precision that will best address the objectives of a particular project. The species of the genus Aristida have a range of ecological responses, the variety of which can not be captured in data sets which record Aristida as a single entity. As a result, management recommendations for the genus in its entirety are likely to be inaccurate. Although data collection might ideally record individual species, this is not always practicable. In any case, there may be many rare species in the data set, with occurrences too low to detect ecological pattern. Delineation of rare species may only be important if diversity issues are being examined. In other circumstances the use of an intermediate unit (e.g. section or species groups) may be appropriate. The latter approach may be required if there are practical limitations to the collection of data at specific level for all groups, or if the research objectives do not require a high level of precision.


Abundance and diversity of zooplankton with relation to physicochemical parameters in three ponds at Chittagong University campus was conducted for two years period from January 2017 to December 2018. A total of 72 samples were collected from the three ponds, whereby 33 zooplankton species belonging to five classes were identified. Among the 5 classes, Rotifera was the most dominant and abundant group which contributed 54.17%-72.73% of the total zooplankton population. The overall contribution of Rotifera was 72.73%, 54.17% and 61.90% in ponds 1, 2 and 3 respectively and among Rotifera, Brachionus was the most dominant and abundant genus. Copepoda (8.3314.29%) and Cladocera (9.09-25.0%) were moderately abundant and Nematoda (4.17-4.76%) and Protozoa (4.558.33%) were the least abundant groups in all the three ponds. Significant direct or inverse relationships of zooplankton were observed with some physicochemical parameters. Zooplankton in Pond 1 showed positive significant relationship with air temperature (r = 0.61, P<0.05), water temperature (r = 0.57, P<0.1), BOD (r = 0.69, P<0.05) and freeCO2 (r = 0.66, P<0.05). In Pond 2, Zooplankton showed positive significant relationship with air temperature (r = 0.55, P<0.1), water temperature (r = 0.67, P<0.05) and transparency (r = 0.52, P<0.1) and Zooplankton in Pond 3 showed inverse relationship with alkalinity (r = -0.52, P<0.1).


1138 Background: To assess tolerability and activity of liposomal pegylated doxorubicin (PLD) in women older than 70 years with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer within a multicenter prospective trial. Methods: All pts underwent Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment (MGA) and frail pts (dependence in Activities of Daily Living; three or more severe comorbidities, geriatric syndromes) were excluded. Normal cardiac function was required at baseline. Bi-weekly schedule of 20 mg/m2 was adopted. More than 12 doses were prescribed only to responsive pts. Results: From Feb 2006 to Sep 2009, 28 pts were enrolled, median age 77 yrs (range 70-93), 10.7% had locally advanced disease, 10.7% only bone metastases, 78.6% visceral involvement; 28.6% of pts had been pre-treated with one or more lines of chemotherapy for advanced disease. After MGA, 35.7% were deemed fit and 64.3% vulnerable. A mean of 7.2 doses were delivered (range 1 to 20), with an actual dose intensity of 8.9 mg/m2/week (range 5.2-10). Worst...


Лопатина Ксения Александровна – канд. мед. наук, научный сотруд‐ ник лаборатории онкофармакологии НИИФиРМ им. Е.Д. Гольдберга; тел.: +7 (3822) 41‐77‐47, e‐mail: firstname.lastname@example.com MUtAgENIC ChARACtERIstICs REsEARCh OF α(1,2)-l-ramnoα(1,4)-d-galactopiranoziluronan Acorus calamus L. О.V. Neupokoeva1, K.А. Lopatina1, 2, О.L. Voronova1, Е.А. Safonova1, Е.P. Zueva1, А.А. Churin1 1 Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine named E.D. Goldberg (3 Lenina Ave. Tomsk 634028 Russian Federation), 2 National Research Tomsk State University (36 Lenina Ave. Tomsk 634050 Russian Federation) background. Toxic testing of new pharmacological substances is an obligatory part of preclinical drug development. Nowadays RIPRM named E.D. Goldberg study a medicine based α(1,2)‐L‐рамно‐ α(1,4)‐D‐галактопиранозилуронана from rhizomes Acorus calamus L. Methods. Somatic mosaicism were tested in Drosophila melano‐ gaster. Mutant bristles of heterozygous female of first generation phenotype singed were counted as well spots and bristles on the bodies of phenotype yellow after breeding them in the environment with adding of the studied medicine, concentration 4 and 6.25 %. Results. Authentic differences were not detected in experimental groups in females compared with control groups. Conclusions. A(1,2)‐L‐ramno‐α(1,4)‐D‐galactopiranoziluronan Aco rus calamus L. does not display mutagenic characteristics.