DURING the summer of I 882 I was struck by the coincidence .that in several of our fruits and vegetables a white or light colored flesh is accompanied by a milder and more delicate flavor than exists in other varieties of the same fruit or vegetables having a dark colored flesh. Thus the white varieties of onion are milder in flavor than the red ones; the white currants possess less acidity than the red ones, and these in turn have less pungency than the black varieties; the white and yellow tomatoes are sweeter than the red ones; the white and yellow raspberries are more delicate in flavor than the red ones, and these in turn have a less strongly marked flavor than the black varieties. The familiar custom of blanching celery, endive, sea-kale, the cos lettuce and other plants to give them a more delicate flavor, was called to mind, and the fact that the inner leaves of the cabbage head which are white and decidedly more delicate in flavor than the outer green leaves; also that potato tubers "sun burned" through exposure to the light have a very strong and bitter taste. These and other instances came to mind, until I was led to ask whether there may not be a law of relation between the color and flavor in fruits and vegetables. Every fruit and vegetable has a standard of quality peculiar to itself. This is based upon the natural qualities that make the fruit or vegetable desirable to man. Thus in most fruits quality is based upon delicacy and richness of flavor, with a certain de-gree of tenderness in the flesh. In many salads it is based upon crispness, tenderness and mildness in flavor; in a few, as the cress, it is based upon pungency. In some vegetables, as the potato and squash, quality depends upon the dryness and fari-naceous properties of the flesh, combined with a delicate, characteristic flavor. In the amelioration of fruits and vegetables, it is the constant aim of the horticulturist to intensify, so far as possible, the desirable qualities and to eliminate the undesirable ones. It is evident, therefore, that if it can be shown that the color of the flesh has a direct relation to its flavor and tenderness, we have a valuable index in the work of selection. If by whitening the flesh


Focusing on live line test of electric energy metering device, this essay developed a new smart electric meter junction device which is a combination of scientific design of structure, material and industrial art. And the new type device realizes "One Installation, Life-time Working " on field error test, replacement of electric meter and voltage drop test of secondary circuit. Achievements on the research are applied in the domain of live line test of electrical energy meter, without change the terminal blocks or wires, realizing intrinsic safety by special structure. In the application of the device statistics and analysis shows that reliability is confirmed, labour intensity and safety risk is sharply reduced,working efficiency is significantly promoted.


Electric vehicle charging process of nonlinear load caused by harmonic components affects the accuracy of energy metering. The energy metering algorithm of electric vehicle is constructed by combining Fast Fourier Transformation algorithm (FFT) with the wavelet time scale transform method, then FFT can analyze steady-state harmonic and wavelet algorithm can deal with the singular signals effectively. According to the approximation parameters and local characteristic parameters of wavelet analysis, a high resolution harmonic analysis model is established. Then, the wavelet decomposition number of the signal and reconstruction are determined by fundamental signal frequency and sampling frequency, steady-state and non-steady-state harmonics are identified and separated, and the harmonic energy metering is achieved. Simulation demonstrates that FFT and wavelet transform of the electric vehicle energy measurement method can effectively extract the order of the harmonic signal, track and observe the band within the harmonic changes, and improve the measurement accuracy of the electric vehicle charging electric power.


International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net ©Copyright protected. Unauthorised republication, reproduction, distribution, dissemination and copying of this document in whole or in part is strictly prohibited. Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net 114 Kavitha G Singh*, Andeep Kour, Aparna Mohanty Department of Biochemistry, Mount Carmel College, Autonomous, Bengaluru, India. *Corresponding author's E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


This book discusses the issue of the functioning of the self-publishing websites and the state of self-publishing phenomenon in the digital sphere. Key research questions are related to the work of electronic publishing status, self-publishing differences, parallel terms and research methodology appropriate to the research of service websites. The objective of the study is to identify a leader among the selected self- publishing sites. This was achieved through a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of self-publishing websites, the results of which form the basis for websites comparison. It was possible to embed an electronic self-publishing problem in the research field of information science and bibliology by analysis of terminology. It was created an electronic self-publishing model, which complements the gap between the theory and the practice as the functioning of self-publishing websites. To confirm the theoretical considerations on the self-publishing phenomenon has been conducted empirical research on the quality of self-publishing websites. For this purpose, the methodology has been developed, which collect past scientists achievements in the techniques and methods of websites research. As a result of the approach modification to the study of websites, it was created an original form of Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Internet Websites


Lead is one of the most toxic heavy metals in water systems which poses critical effects on human health. To meet the 10 ppb limit in drinking water recommended by the World Health Organization, a ...


Since different type of attacks aimed at different computers make different damage, the authors propose the conception of cost-sensitive in alert correlation and judge the alert cost based on Bayesian network, which is inserted into the correlation process. This can speed up the correlation and response rapidly. Empirical experiments show that this method can separate the important alerts correctly.


Abstract : The pursuit of future urban warfighting capabilities has expanded to phenomenon-sized proportions in the last decade. The emphasis on meeting urban environmental challenges has achieved momentum in all services. As the Army transforms, it seeks to increase its strategic responsiveness as part of the joint team, being capable of more rapid and decisive support to the joint fight. At the intersection of these two important organizational azimuths lies the opportunity for new solutions to the joint urban operations. The challenge today lies in projecting the role future Army capabilities into the context of a joint urban operation.


Public services are one of the most dynamically developing areas of the state's functioning, which is confirmed by the systematically increasing number of e-services and their users in individual countries. For more than 25 years, Poland has been gradually employing ICT in public administration services. The first honest public discussion on e-government started in 1994 after democratic transformation and accession to the European Union. However, the actual development of e-government in Poland began in 2005–2006. In Poland, the most significant number of people using e-government services was recorded in 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic. Due to epidemic restrictions, citizens could deal with more official matters via the Internet. The main research problem in this article is related to Poles' declarations, opinions on the accessibility and use of public e-services offered, and their attitudes towards the availability and greater offer of e-services. The authors aimed to verify the hypothesis, assuming that Poles' declarations and opinions on electronic public services correlate with their time spent on the Internet each week. The issue has been presented in the form of an analysis of empirical data regarding Poles' experience and opinions on electronic administration tools (in the context of Internet usage) and statistical data regarding e-government development in Poland.


【The present observation was focussed mainly on the histopathological and immunohistochemical finding of the tumor developing from the outside of rat uterus wall. In gross finding, this tumor were a oval form mass and 0.75cm and 1cm in greatest demension. The sectioned surface showed uniform, solid, gray-white. In histopathological finding, the tumor showed the form of lymphoid nodule-like structure and was composed of the cells with karryorrhexis, karyolysis and necrosis in the central zone, mature cells in the paracentral zone, and concentric layers of compressed, flattened and atrophied smooth muscle fibers by the proliferating of the cells closely resembling endometrial stromal ells in the peripheral zone and a few smaller nodule-like structure in certain areas of the peripheral zone. In immunohistochemical observations, the proliferating cells presents only among the concentric layers of the smooth muscle fibers in the peripheral zone. Labeling index of proliferating cells in the peripheral zone was $4.34{\pm}1.28%$ . These tumor cells did not metastasized in another orgns and labeling index was low, So it was concluded that this tumor was benign stomal sarcoma.】


Abstract This paper reports the findings of an action‐research project aimed at assessing the health‐protective effects and social consequences arising from the creation of social support groups among new parents. The study was designed and implemented in collaboration with two family physicians and adopted an experimental design whereby new parents from each physician's files were randomly assigned to a "treatment"; (social support) group and a "control"; (written educational materials only) group. The 24 couples comprising the sample completed questionnaires inquiring about their use of informal social support, their levels of stress and well‐being and their perceptions of their own parenting role before attending the group sessions and five weeks after the final session. Analysis ofcovariance revealed that the intervention prompted couples to increase their use of informal resources in their own social networks, while it did not alter levels of stress or well‐being. The discussion centers on methodolog...


The paper considers some stable comparative constructions with the colour component "white" in the Western Romance phraseology (Spanish, French, Italian) based on the material of the lexicographical sources. The meaning of phraseological unites (PU), which contain the colour component "white", in three languages allows to distinguish the importance of the ambivalent semantic of the white colour, which confi rms the phenomenon of the different representation of the symbol of white colour in different languages of the world. The ambivalence can result in wide semantic combination of this colour component in the PU, both positives and negatives, in three considered romance languages.


INTRODUCTION 1-10 Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq.Syn. Anthocephalus chinensis (Lamk) (Rubiaceae) is widely distributed throughout the greater part of India, especially at low levels in wet places. In traditional system of medicine warm aqueous extract  of Anthocephalus cadamba leaves have been used to alleviate the pain, swelling and for cleansing and better wound healing. Recently, Anthocephalus cadamba has been reported to possess wound healing, antioxidant, antimalarial and hepatoprotective activity. Herbal medicine is the earliest scientific tradition in medical practice, and it ABSTRACT The present work deals with Pharmacognostic evaluat ion and phytochemical screening for hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of medicinal plant Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.)Miq. The scientific parameter is necessary to identify the exact plant material and to find it s quality and purity. The present study deals with various, physical, chemical evaluation and preliminary phyto chemical screening of the alkaloidal content of ste m bark of the title plant has been determined. These studi es indicated the possible information for correct identification and standardization of this plant ma terial for its Antifungal action.


The financial and sovereign debt crises have highlighted the need for structural reform. Unemployment rates have risen to dramatic heights in many countries and the duration and depth of the crisis weigh on long-term growth prospects. Low growth could also hamper debt sustainability and have forced more consolidation measures in vulnerable Member States, which have further reduced growth. All this has provided an impetus to carry out reforms to boost growth A± country-specific recommendations in the European Semester aim to increase competition and reduce labour market rigidities in Member States. This article presents a quantitative model-based assessment of the potential impact of structural reforms in selected core and vulnerable periphery Member States. Using structural indicators of labour and product markets, scenarios in which part of the gap vis-â€i-vis best performance is closed show large potential gains in output and employment, raising GDP by 1.5 % to 6 % after five years and in the case of Greece by up to 15 % after ten years. Crucially, while competitiveness gains are smaller under simultaneous reforms, higher demand effects help to support growth in trading partners. GDP spillovers are positive, with growth effects in Member States mutually bolstering each other.


Mineral zone of Jajarm alumina is located in anticline of Zou mount in northern part of Jajarm desert and southern margin of tectonic zone of Kopeh-Dagh and eastern end of eastern Alborz. Mubarak formation with carboniferous age, Elika formation with Triassic age and Shemshak formation with Jurassic age have been outcropped. The heights of this zone have been extended from north east to south west, which are correspondent with tectonic structure of eastern Alborz. This mineral zone has cut by extending faults of various slips. The function of such discontinuities in this zone led to formation of more than 12 longwalls for extracting mineral materials. Regarding this issue that understudied zone is located in eastern part of Alborz, on anticline of Zou mount, it can be inferred that the main stress direction is north west-south west. This issue can be confirmed by strike-slip faults, the extension of Zou anticline and identified direction of stratified slope. Several quoins and blocks are formed by intersection of aforementioned faults in various longwalls, and if they haven't been identified, they may fall or slip. Present study considers the reason of falling in Zou 2 mine, the main reason is intersection of strike-slip faults and function of reversed fault in pivot of quoin. *Corresponding Author: Zahra Hossein Mirzaee  email@example.com


Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the medicinal plants used to treatment of oral diseases by elderly patients assisted in Dental School University of Cuiaba, MT. Methodology: 54 patients of the clinic were interviewed through qualitative approach using technique of semi-structured interviews. Results: They were cited 23 species belonging to 19 families, used in oral health found in backyards and Cerrado biome. The most cited species were: sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), pomegranete (Punica granatum L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.) and "malva" (Malva sylvestris L.). The therapeutic indications in oral health were varied, such as, tooth and mouth inflammations, gingivitis, canker sores and stomatitis and others. The leaf was the most used part of the plant and the infusion tea was the most common method of preparation. Conclusion: The elderly interviewed use medicinal plants as a common therapeutic practice for oral health. The most mentioned species; sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.); pomegranate (Punica granatum L.); "malva" (Malva sylvestris L.) and mint (Mentha piperita L.). From these ones, mint received greater therapeutic indication.


Nearly half of financial services workers feel that technology is putting their jobs at risk, according to a survey by Emolument.com. The salary-benchmarking site asked 900 professionals across the world and professional spectrum if they considered their job to be threatened by technological improvements.


Dose response curves to various supplements were established in two pen-feeding experiments (Exp1 and Exp2) with Bos indicus crossbred steers of two age groups (Young, 10–12 months; Old, 33–36 months) fed low-quality tropical grass hays ad libitum. Diets included supplements based on (Exp1) cottonseed meal (CSM; intake (as fed) 0–10 g/kg liveweight (W).day) and a barley mix (Bar; 0–20 g/kg W.day) and (Exp2) a molasses mix (MUP) and a Bar mix, both fed at 0–20 g/kg W.day. Urea was provided with the Bar mixes and urea/copra meal with the MUP mix. Growth rates of Young steers increased linearly with Bar and MUP supplements but asymptotically with CSM whereas those of Old steers increased asymptotically with all supplement types. With supplement intake expressed on a liveweight basis (g/kg W.day), responses were greater for both steer age groups with CSM compared with Bar (Young, P < 0.001; Old, P < 0.01) and Bar compared with MUP treatments (Young, P < 0.01; Old, P < 0.05). Furthermore, Old steers outperformed their Young counterparts with both CSM (P < 0.05) and Bar (P < 0.001) supplements fed in Exp1 and with Bar and MUP supplements (P < 0.01) fed in Exp2. When supplement intake was expressed in absolute terms (kg/day), growth responses were not different between age groups for different supplements except that Old steers had a higher daily W gain on Bar than their Young counterparts (P < 0.05). Intake of hay (W-corrected) was higher for Young compared with Old steers without supplement but was variably reduced for both steer groups with increasing supplement intake. The results of these experiments have implications for supplement formulation for steers at different stages of maturity grazing low-quality forages.


The special package of commuting data from the 1980 census available for 277 metropolitan areas makes it possible to obtain, at a reasonable cost, information on home-to-work trips. Each metropolitan area (or state) must decide whether to purchase the package and how to incorporate it into the local transportation planning process. A survey of the 6 states and 44 metropolitan areas who have ordered the package was conducted to provide guidance on current and planned activities. Supplemental data collected during the census period are summarized as well as plans for updating the information and the type of geographical areas used.


Old mice express an early resistance to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) which is associated with CD8 T cells and IFN‐γ production. CD8 T cells from old mice are also capable of secreting IFN‐γ in an antigen independent manner in response to TH1 cytokines. In this study we sought to determine whether CD8 T cells from old mice were more responsive to IL‐12. Using flow cytometric analysis of phosphorylated STAT4 we found that old mice possessed more CD8 T cells that could respond directly to IL‐12 than young mice. Furthermore, on an individual cell basis, CD8 T cells from old mice could phosphorylate more STAT4 than similar cells from young mice. This increased phosphorylation was independent of STAT4, as STAT4 levels in CD8 T cells were equivalent between young and old mice. These data indicate that CD8 T cells from old mice have enhanced IL‐12 signaling, which ultimately leads to the secretion of more IFN‐γ. The presence of increased levels of IL‐12 and IFN‐γ within the lungs of old mice early after infection with M.tb provides additional evidence that CD8 T cells contribute to the expression of early resistance to infection. This work was supported by R01‐AG21097.


A sort of two axes auto- tracking solar photovoltaic system based on Mitsubishi FA productions to solve the problem of low conversion efficiency in existing systems. It is discussed that how to design frames of input、control、execution 、functions and control strategies. The method of timing light intensity comparison is proposed to achieve automatic tracking of solar cells. This system can regulate automatically the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the battery board by controlling circuits of sensors, plc, transducer and amplifier. Sound results are shown by tracking maximum conversion efficiency of this system.


This paper presents an estimating method of logarithmic decrement for the actually shaped blade of compressor or turbine by using vibration test data of simply shaped blade by rotating test apparatus. In this method, logarithmic decrement of actual blade can be obtained as ratio of damping energy which is calculated using specific damping corresponding to vibration and centrifugal stress, to twice of vibration energy which is calculated by vibration stress. The comparison between the estimated logarithmic decrement value and the measured one of the compressor blade of a gas turbine is discussed. As a result, it is clarified that present method is available to estimate the logarithmic decrement of actual blades.


The Authors have examined again at the electron microscope the ovocites of the $Sphaerechinus$ $granularis$, $Arbacia$ $lixula$ and $Paracentrotus$ $lividus$. They have therefore confirmed that the formation of proteinaceous yolk globules take place in consequence of the aggregation of granulations of medium diameter of A 300.


Addresses the questions, "What job openings exist for chemists? Which openings should graduates look into? How should a graduate go about pursuing a particular opening?"


Navigation of the planetary rover in the unforeseen planetary environment is an uphill task. In this paper, we presented a visual assisted inertial navigation system. System performance is evaluated by using real world KITTI data set. This work encompasses feature detection, feature matching, outlier rejection and motion estimation of the roving vehicle. This method is effective for the GPS-denied planetary environment. A tightly-coupled sensor blending method, for monocular camera image features and inertial measurement unit is presented for rover's trajectory estimation. RANSAC is employed, for outlier rejection.


Leukotrienes are highly active proinflammatory mediators derived predominantly from arachid0nate.l-7 Together with the prostaglandins and thromboxane, they are part of the eicosanoid family of lipid mediators. The leukotrienes comprise the chemotactic leukotriene B, (LTB,) and the cysteinyl leukotrienes originating from the glutathione conjugate leukotriene C, (LTC,). The cysteinyl leukotrienes, LTC,, LTD,, and LTE,, account for the biologic activity previously known as slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis. These cysteine-containing arachidonate derivatives are potent smooth muscle constricting mediators involved in anaphylactic reac-t i o n ~ , ' , ~ , ~ , ~ hock,^-'^ inflammati~n,'-~.~.~ and extravasation of plasma.


Rats were subjected to a form of stress which involved a sense of urgency and apprehension by periodically and alternately charging half of the floor of a specially constructed cage, forcing migrat...


A novel numerical scheme is developed by coupling the level set method with the adaptive mesh refinement in order to analyse moving interfaces economically and accurately. The finite element method (FEM) is used to discretize the governing equations with the generalized simplified marker and cell (GSMAC) scheme, and the cubic interpolated pseudo‐particle (CIP) method is applied to the reinitialization of the level set function. The present adaptive mesh refinement is implemented in the quadrangular grid systems and easily embedded in the FEM‐based algorithm. For the judgement on renewal of mesh, the level set function is adopted as an indicator, and the threshold is set at the boundary of the smoothing band. With this criterion, the variation of physical properties and the jump quantity on the free surface can be calculated accurately enough, while the computation cost is largely reduced as a whole. In order to prove the validity of the present scheme, two‐dimensional numerical simulation is carried out in collapse of a water column, oscillation and movement of a drop under zero gravity. As a result, its effectiveness and usefulness are clearly shown qualitatively and quantitatively. Among them, the movement of a drop due to the Marangoni effect is first simulated efficiently with the present scheme. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


High specific surface areas mesoporous carbon materials were prepared by a combined method of carbonization and activation processes, in which Chinese herb residue was used as carbon source, and KOH was used as activator, respectively. N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms were employed to determine by the specific surface areas and pore analyzer. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was used for analyzing morphology structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used for analyzing the crystal forms of the materials. The surface functional groups were tested by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the optimum KOH/carbon ration and activation temperature is 4:1 and 750°C for the mesoporous carbon materials prepared with traditional Chinese medicine residue. The structure of the materials were of non- graphitized carbonaceous materials, which possess the best surface morphology and porous performance.The porous structure of the surface is a regular shape, and the specific surface is as were as high as 2079 m2/g. After activation, the amount of microporous of the materials was decreased, and the proportion of mesoporous is increased, which result in the mesoporous ratio and average pore size increased to 79.10% and 6.78nm, respectively.


Introduction: One in five cases of tuberculosis present as extrapulmonary TB (EPTB), pose major diagnostic, management challenges. Before HIV epidemic, 15% new TB cases had EPTB, 30% urogenital tract TB. Genital TB in women is not uncommon, remains undiagnosed/diagnosed late, notorious for evading diagnosis.


Abstract : Various laws of return are developed in a dynamic production context for both maximal output rate and period of production in the case of exhaustible resources. (Author)


This thesis centers on the study of two di erent problems of partial
di erential equations arising from geophysics and
uid mechanics: the
surface quasi-geostrophic equation and the so called, Incompressible
Slice Model.
The surface quasi-geostrophic equation is a two dimensional nonlo-
cal partial di erential equation of geophysical importance, describing
the evolution of a surface buoyancy in a rapidly rotating, strati ed
potential vorticity
uid. In the rst part of the talk, we will present
some global regularity results for its dissipative analogue in the critical
regime for the two dimensional sphere.
After that, we will introduce the Incompressible Slice Model deal-
ing with oceanic and atmospheric
uid motions taking place in a ver-
tical slice domain R2, with smooth boundary. The ISM can
be understood as a toy model for the full 3D Euler-Boussinesq equa-
tions. We will study the solution properties of the Incompressible Slice
Model: characterizing a class of equilibrium solutions, establishing the
local existence of solutions and providing a blow-up criterion.


A bio-based green solvent, lactic acid, is found to be an efficient reaction medium for the catalyst free oxidation of arylboronic acids into phenols with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. Various substituted arylboronic acids have undergone ipso-hydroxylation smoothly at room temperature to provide corresponding phenols in excellent yields. Remarkably, the oxidation susceptible functional groups such as sulphide, ketone, aldehyde and olefin are tolerated under the reaction conditions. Over all, lactic acid showed higher efficiency as a solvent medium when compared with conventional acetic acid.


In this study laser scanner canopy height metrics data from the laser scanner Toposys-1 were investigated to derive forest attributes such as timber volume, tree height, and crown area coverage for the use in forest invent ories. lnvestigations were mainly based on the processing of a correct DTM and on the derivation of single tree information from crown segmentation. Forest inventory parameters are classified on the base of single trees or small groups of trees using digital image processing methods such as segmentation and data filtering. First results for DTM-processing and single tree heights are very promising.


Bulk (Bi,Pb)(Sr,Ba):2223 samples were prepared by the solid state reaction method. The intergranular dissipation processes of these samples were studied by complex susceptibilities measurements as a function of temperature and AC field amplitude. The partial substitution of Ca by x=0.01 Er induces an increase in the intergranular pinning force density and the intergranular critical current density Jcj. The JcJ(T) dependence near Tc agrees with assumptions about SNS intergrain junctions.


. It is showed by experiments that the use of compact specimens for determination of fracture work of steel that undertook cyclic deformations enables to identify metal with a number of cumulative fatigue damages. The yield limit determined in the first series of experiments was used for cycling parameters determination: 0.9 from the yield limit was set for damage accumulation in the elastoplastic stress range. At the same time an average cycle load was 8.9 kN, and an amplitude was 8.6 kN. It is demonstrated that specific fracture work increases upon the increase of compact specimens' thickness. The tendency of specific fracture work decrease is observed upon fatigue damage accumulation. Thin specimens are particularly sensitive to damage accumulation. The results of the experiments indirectly support the hypothesis of fractional-dimensional surface layer existence.


Data from the United States General Land Office Surveys are frequently used to reconstruct the vegetation existing at the time of European settlement as a basis for biotic models. The vegetation recorded in those surveys had been influenced not only by climatic conditions considerably colder and more moist than the present, but by frequent, widespread burning as well. The effect of such burning on the distribution and composition of forest vegetation was as great as the climatic effects and must be taken into account when building prehistoric vegetational models in the Midwest.


Abstract : This thesis examines the role of US mass persuasion during modern war and the effects of propaganda, strategic narrative, military strategy, and policy on morale and public opinion. Through historical analysis of several phases of US war propaganda, from the world wars to the Global War on Terror, this study aims to understand the political essence and the cultural and functional nuance of propaganda in a wartime democracy. Prevailing wisdom holds that the United States managed a coherent, focused, and intelligently wielded campaign of mass persuasion in Europe, 1941 1989. Yet, American strategic mass persuasion efforts since 2001 have consistently failed to persuade friend and foe of the strategic efficacy of American and allied campaigns. This thesis finds that wartime propaganda has little effect if it is not derived from a concrete overall strategy, policy, and narrative. The most impactful uses of mass persuasion rely on a perpetual rebalancing of military theorist Carl von Clausewitz s paradoxical trinity violence, chance, and policy, anchored in democratic statecraft and the virtues of pluralism. Therefore, to better facilitate balancing, an independent governmental agency charged with information management during war may better serve the public, policy makers and the military, producing the desired political ends.


This paper is devoted to reasoning about fuzzy logic which is based on various personal observations of the author. Our goal is to think of the state of the art in mathematical fuzzy logic (MFL) and to outline some of the tasks on which, in the author's opinion, MFL should focus in the future. In our discussion, we will mention not only the basic theory, but also its extension called fuzzy logic in broader sense (FLb). The paradigm of the latter is to be the logic of natural human reasoning, whose most essential characteristic is the use of natural language. Besides brief description of FLb, we will also mention some of its applications. On the basis of that, we will ponder on other possible directions for research, namely the possibility of using FLn as a metatheory of fuzzy mathematics, as a proper tool for modeling of the main manifestations of the phenomenon of vagueness, and as a reasonable tool for developing models of linguistic semantics.


Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is a multi-purpose, underutilized legume crop mostly grown in dry tropical areas. It is one of the most important food legume crops, exhibits considerable morphological variability in its wild as well as cultivated forms. The present investigation was carried out in F 1 , F 2 and F 3 generations of four inter sub-specific crosses (RC101×Vyjayanthi, RC101× Vellayani jyothica, ACM 05-02×Ettumanoor local and ACM 05-07× Vyjayanthi) of cowpea to study the inheritance pattern of flower pod colour in F 2 and F 3 generations. Inheritance of flower colour and pod colour in cowpea has followed a qualitative pattern. Purple flower colour is dominant over white colour flower whereas, purple colour pod is partially dominant over green pod colour. A segregation ratio of 3 purple: 1 white flower colour in F2 generation of two crosses indicated that white flower colour is controlled by single recessive. Whereas segregation ratio of F2 1 green; 2 Light purple: 1 purple colour pod indicated that purple colour pod is partially dominant over green pod colour and it's governed by single gene.


This evaluation found that living in a Sure Start Local Programme (SSLP) area was associated with positive impacts on 5 of the 14 outcomes investigated. The analysis of the most recent data shows beneficial effects for almost all children and families living in SSLP areas and provides almost no evidence of adverse effects on population sub-groups such as workless or lone-parent families. These results are in marked contrast to the findings of the initial study published in 2005. Although methodological variations may account for differences in findings across the two phases of the evaluation, the researchers argue that it is eminently possible that the differing results accurately reflect the contrasting experiences of SSLP children and families in the two phases. They argue that the three-year-olds in the latest study have benefited from exposure to more mature and developed local programmes throughout their young lives.


In your typical optics lab, most of us, as scientists or engineers, are familiar with geometrical optics, which assumes that the wavelength of the light approaches zero. When constructing a formalism for light propagation and optical analysis, this assumption allows us to ignore any effects resulting from diffraction and greatly simplifies most calculations. This approximation – that the wavelength is very small compared to the system dimensions – is a very good one for optical wavelengths. In general, though it is dependent on the system dimensions, this assumption holds well for all wavelengths shorter than the mid-IR (~25 microns). However, when one goes past this point, the assumption begins to break down. Optical design in submillimeter astronomy has as much to do with radio optics as it does with traditional optics. At these wavelengths (~1 mm), the system dimensions no longer dominate and diffraction begins to play a large role. In this paper I will discuss and illustrate through real examples, how this change of regime affects optical designs and what considerations that can bring to our optomechanical designs.


Valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries are used in telecommunications networks for standby power systems. An advantage of VRLA batteries is that they are maintenance-free. On the other hand, these batteries are completely sealed, which makes it extremely difficult to determine deterioration levels. A useful battery test system for estimating the battery deterioration was developed in NTT and NTT Power and Building Facilities Inc. It can measure the battery's capacity in less than 1 ms without affecting telecommunications equipment or power equipment, and it is accurate to within 10%, and is compact, light, and easy to handle. However, as this method measures minute levels of resistance, precise measurements are difficult under high noise environment such as UPS systems. This paper describes the types of noises applied to VRLA batteries in telecommunications power supply systems. It also introduces a method whereby measurements are conducted while high noise exists.


Global energy demand is expected to double by 2050, necessitating an estimated investment of 2.5 trillion USD per year in new energy installations and energy conservation initiatives over the next twenty years. Furthermore, rising energy demand and climate change efforts necessitate a significant increase in low-carbon electricity generation. However, there is concern that rapid investment in some novel technologies may result in a new set of environmental problems. When compared to coal, electricity generated by hydro, wind, solar, and geothermal power can reduce emissions of not only greenhouse gases (by more than 90%), but also pollutants hazardous to human health and ecosystems (by 60-90%). CO2 collection and storage from fossil fuel power plants will cut greenhouse gas emissions by 70% while increasing pollutants affecting human health and ecosystems by 5-80%. On the other side, there is a risk that the widespread adoption of low-carbon energy technology, while beneficial in lowering GHG emissions, will result in new environmental and societal consequences. India's installed power capacity is approximately 408.72 GW. India has achieved 166GW of renewable energy capacity. India has met its NDC target of 159.95 GW of non-fossil-based installed energy capacity, accounting for 41.4% of total installed electrical capacity. The major goal of adopting renewable and low-carbon green energy technology in India is to drive economic growth, improve energy security, increase energy access, and reduce climate change. This paper discusses the benefits, risks and trade-offs in renewable and low-carbon technologies for green energy electricity production in India. This study has adopted secondary research methods such as articles, journals, government reports, etc on renewable and low carbon energy. This study presents various investment benefits, employment opportunities and challenges in renewable and low carbon energy in India. Moreover, this study provides recommendations to foster the expansion of renewable and low-carbon technologies for green energy electricity production in India.


Citation: Melnyk, M. V., and Nikitin, Yu. O. Possibilities of Creation and Implementation of Open Innova tions at R&D Organizations of the NAS of Ukraine. Sci. in nov. 2021. V. 17, no. 3. P. 96—103. https://doi.org/ 10.15407/sci ne17.03.096 Introduction. The ability of R&D organizations of the NAS of Ukraine to quickly create and implement R&D innovations is crucial for accelerated economic development and is an important factor for raising the competi tiveness of Ukraine. Problem Statement. R&D innovation may be created and implemented with the use of closed or open inno vation approaches. Recently, the negative impact of several factors on the application of the closed innovation approach to the activities of R&D organizations of the NAS of Ukraine has increased. Purpose. The purpose is to develop and to test improved theoretical and methodological framework for tech nological audit of R&D works, assessment of organizational maturity and readiness of R&D organizations of the NAS of Ukraine to use open innovations. Materials and Methods. A set of approaches to theoretical generalization, economic analysis and synthesis; mathematical statistics; expert and poll surveys have been used. Results. It has been established that a significant share of R&D products of R&D organizations of the NAS of Ukraine has a low readiness for independent and joint commercialization, which means the use of the closed innovation approach. Only a part of R&D organizations of Ukraine has an average level of organizational ma turity, while the vast majority have a low and very low level of organizational maturity and readiness to apply open innovations. The application of this concept may contribute to the accelerated innovative development of R&D organizations of the NAS of Ukraine. The theoretical and methodological framework for technological audit of R&D works and assessment of organizational maturity and readiness of R&D organizations of the NAS of Ukraine to the use of open innovation approach has been developed. Conclusions. The proposed method allows R&D organizations of the NAS of Ukraine to accelerate the crea tion and commercialization of R&D innovations.


Calorimetric measurements show that significant amounts of heat are generated when a multifilamentary composite conductor is stressed in tension to levels expected to occur in large, high-field magnet systems. When the stress on the conductor is repetitively cycled between zero and some maximum value, the amount of heat produced per cycle is constant after the first few cycles. Comparison is made between calorimetric determinations of heat injections and the work done on the specimen as indicated by stress-strain curves. Stress-strain curves for a number of commercial conductors indicate that the most important determinant of the magnitude of this effect is the choice of matrix material.


The goal of this paper is not to make some statistics regarding web sites in local authorities, but to examine the more innovative portals. In other words, the goal is to analyze the types of site organization and the metaphors on which the sites are constructed by presenting virtual cities. This quick analysis shows the diversity of approaches (verbal menus, visual menus, virtual cities, hypermaps, etc.) in order to foster a dialog between citizens and local authorities staff and officers, in a perspective of e-democracy. This article gives some research tracks non only to assess the requirements for the design of web sites in Local Authorities, but also about city governance for which web sites are major tools. 1. IMPORTANCE OF WEB SITES Nowadays, all big cities have a web site. The objective of this paper is not to make a detailed study about their contents, but to examine their organization and underlying assumptions: indeed those choices illustrate very clearly the priorities in terms of governance. The metaphors are becoming a structuring element for software design and applications. For instance, the screen of the first MacIntoshes were designed with the desktop metaphor. Then, nowadays, practically all existing operating systems are not only visual, but also based on this metaphor. Those metaphors used in Local Authorities portals reveal the type of relationships with the public, and are a track to follow for egovernment and e-democracy. When designing a web site, it is interesting to pose the following questions: • What is the mission of the organization, and what kinds of services to provide? • What are the potential users, what are they profiles, and what are they looking for? • What image to confer, what information to give? In additions to those considerations, we have to take levels of development and cultural aspects into account. In this paper, we will analyze only portal contents and organization. Including an item into the portal is assuming that it is important, and that it will act as a major entry point. For instance, if a city include "sports" in the portal, it means that this activity is very important for the responsible. Of course, the design of web sites is sometimes sub-contracted to specialized companies which re-use or impose their know-how to local councilors at the detriment of the image they want to confer. In addition, some politicians underestimate the importance of web sites letting the designing and updating to technicians, whereas a web site must be a key-item in a consistent communication policy for governance. This rapid analysis was made from a selection of big European and North American cities without completeness. We will give more emphasis to novel aspects, that is to say revealing uncommon and promising visions. We will not analyze graphic quality of portals in which city logos and emblems are often given, together with the picture of the more famous monument, and a location map in the country. We will successively analyze the category of users, and the more promising metaphors.


This paper reports on three town centres with distinct individual characteristics where specific proposals were developed to enhance the environment for all users. These centres are the Strand/Trafalgar Square, Wandsworth Town Centre, London and Aldershot, Hampshire. A multi-disciplinary team of transport planners, traffic engineers and landscape planners tackled the problems in each town centre and prepared a package of proposals encompassing: (1) improved pedestrian crossing facilities; (2) widened footpaths and removal of unnecessary carriageway areas; (3) improved public transport facilities; (4) closure of side road entries; (5) improved cyclist facilities; (6) removal of street clutter and improved signing; (7) improved street furniture; (8) improved facilities for people with mobility handicaps; and (9) improved service access. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 898010.


The frequency equations and normal modes are obtained for the flexural oscillations of a light beam carrying equal and equally-spaced concentrated masses. The mass distribution in the "lumped mass" approximation to a continuous beam is discussed.


This study examines the impact of inflation on the usefulness of income considering market response. It's proven that market responseon the usefulness of income information were affected income persistence, beta, corporate structure, income quality, growth opportunities, and informativeness of price, but there is no empirical evidence from inflation. Inflation is one factor that affects to decision making bias. MSCI global islamic indices was used as sample of green investment with range observation 2007 to 2014. The results of this study indicate that inflation has not affected on the usefulness of income in green investment corporation. Accordingly, market still considering nominal profit and managerial performance than economics aspect. Keywords : inflation, green investment, income information


Examined the role of industry and business associations in the system of export support and suggest measures to improve their performance


The poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy-p-phenylene-vinylene)] (MEH-PPV) thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by using spin-coating technique at room temperature. The effect of spin-coating speed on the electrical and morphological properties of MEH-PPV film was studied. The surface roughness would be controlled by varied spin-coating speeds. I-V characteristics of ITO/MEH-PPV/Al structure have measured by solar simulator at the optimum condition.


Of casts there are several different forms, which are to -some extent cbaracteristic of the morbid changes taking place in the structure of the kidney. At the same time, we must not express ourselves confidently, if only one or two casts of a particular kind are found. Thus we may meet with in the deposit of the urine from acute cases, which completely and perhaps rapidly recover, one or two cefls containing oil, and one or two casts containing a few oil-globules; but we musit not, from the presence of these, be led into the error of conicluding that the case is necessarily one of fatty degeneration of the kidney. If, however, there were numerous cells and casts containing oil, such an inference would undoubtedly be correct. We must not expect to find in one case epithelial casts alone, in another granular casts alone, in a third fatty casts alone, in a fourth none but large waxy casts, and so on; but we must be prepared to meet with several varieties in one case, and must ground our opinion in great measure upon the relative number of any par. ticular kind of cast, and upon the circumstance of other deposits being associated with the casts. For instance, the presenee of uric acid crystals and blood-corpuscles would render it very probable that the ease was acute, and of short duration. The absence of these deposits, and the presence of a number of granular or perfectly transparent casts, which can only be seen when the greater part of the liglht is cut off from the field of the microscope, or the existence of a number of oil. casts, render it certain that the case is chronic. The former would indicate that the kidney was beconming small and con. tracted, while the latter variety of casts occur when it is often of large size and fatty. Such examples might be multiplied. When we consider how very numerous the secreting tubes of the kidney are, we cannot feel surprised that a different condition should exist in certain cases, in different tubes, at the same time; and, from careful post mortem examinations, we know that very different morbid appearances are often seen in different parts of the cortical portion of one kidney. It is not difficult, therefore, to account for the fact of the presence of casts differing much in their diameter and characters in the same specimexn of urine. As has been shown, the cast varies in diameter with that of the canal of the uriniferous tube; but probably, after its formation, it contracts slightly, and in consequence it readily passes from the tube, and escapes into'the urine. If the epithelial layer on the basement membrane of the tube be of its ordinary thickness, we shall harve a cast of medium size. If the cells be enlarged, and adhere firmly to the basement membrane, the cast will be fine and narrow; while, on the other hand, if the tubes be entirely stripped of epithelium, the basement membrane alone remaining, the diameter of the cast will be considerable. In describing tihe different varieties of casts, it will be convenient to divide them into three classes, according to their diameter. You will find numerous figures of the various forms of casts in the illustrations of the Uriie, Uriinary Deposits, atnd Calculi, Plates xiv, xv, xvi, xvii, and xviii. These figures have been traced, from the ob5jects under examination, upon the atone from which the plates have been printed. The first class of casts, which is by far the largest, will in. elude casts of miedium size; the second, those of considerable diameter; and the thiird will comprehend the smallest casts that are miet with. A. Casts of mediunm diamnctr, about the 1.700th of an inch. 1. Epithelial casts. 2. Pale and slightly granular casts, with or without a little epithelium, or epithelial debris. 3. Granular casts, consisting entirely of disintegrated epithelium. 4. Casts containing pus or blood. 5. Casts containing oil. B. Casts the diameter of which is about the 1.500th of an inlch. 1. Large transparent" wnasx casts". 2. Large and darkly granular casts. C. Casts the diameter of which is about 1-1000th of an inch. Small waxy casts.


An on-line partial discharge monitoring system based on UHF technique for high voltage switchboard is introduced,and four typical discharge models are designed.Then the on-line partial discharge UHF monitoring system is used to conduct PD test on a high voltage seichboard to obtain plenty of discharge patterns and pulse waves,and the phase characteristics of PD are analyzed.The experimental results indicate that the system has the advantages of better anti-interference capability and operating stability to meet the needs of on-line PD monitoring for high voltage switchboard.


Ocean optical data has been remotely collected using the Advanced Solidstate Array Spectroradiometer (ASAS). ASAS is a multispectral pushbroom scanner with 32 channels extending from 400 to 850 nm. It is built around a 32 by 512 element charge injection device (CID) array with enhanced sensitivity in the blue. Twelve-bit digital output with variable gain and offset in the pre-amp and low system noise give this scanner the ability to pick up low level subsurface upwelling light from the ocean. The scanner was built by General Electric and the NASA Johnson Space Center with optics from TRW under a Naval Ocean Systems Center program for ocean remote sensing. It was first flown with the detector uncooled in September of 1983 at the Naval Coastal Systems Center in Panama City, Florida. Preliminary analysis of the data indicates a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 200 to 1. Subsequent image processing and refinements in the scanner hardware promise to improve this figure significantly. Details of the scanner design, calibration, and noise reduction will be presented. The scan-ner's potential for use in shallow water bottom mapping and chlorophyll determination will be discussed. Fi-nally, projected improvements in the scanner and its performance will be described.


Abstract : This report presents CTD observations of temperature and salinity as a function of hydrostatic pressure in the Kuroshio Extension in May 1981. Lowerings were made from the surface to the bottom along 152 E about every 30 nautical miles between 29 N and 41 N. Identical sections were made in July 1980 and May 1981. The scientific objectives of these CTD surveys are to document the water masses presently in this area, and to compile the ralative geostrophic currents from the surface to the bottom. (Author)


This paper explores on the wake of globalization and liberalization along with heightened competition, continuing deregulation and technological advancements. This paper analyses about banks and different classes of customers. Paper describing the corporate customers, segments, their volume and value of dealings with the banks. This paper also focuses on the factors the software sector would consider while selecting their banks and their perceptions regarding quality of services offered by their bankers.


This is an electronic version of an article published as: Beese, W.J. (1983). "White malaxis, Malaxis monophyllos var. diphyllos, an addition to the orchids of Canada from the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia". The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 97(2), 215-216.
The Canadian Field-Naturalist is available online at: http://canadianfieldnaturalist.ca/


The Scamseek project, as commissioned by the Australian Securities & Investment Commission (ASIC), had the principal objective of building an industrially viable system that retrieves scam candidate texts from the Internet and classifies them as to their potential risk of containing an illegal investment proposal or advice. The value of the system is the gain of significant time and efficiency savings for the human analyst. On the other hand the classificatory precision of discovering classes consisting of less than 1% of the corpus was considered unachievable by conventional word based text classification methods, hence a hitherto unexplored semantic model of language was adopted for expressing the feature space of the documents. The project thus was defined in terms of research objectives, particularly accurate detection of minute classes and representation of text classification as modelled through a strong linguistic theory. At the same time the project was obliged to produce an industrial quality system with adherence to concomitant performance criteria.


Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) are widely used to perform high quality measurements such as spectrum acquisition at high rate, ballistic missile defense, gas detection, and hyperspectral imaging. For these applications, the fixed pattern noise represents one of the major limiting factors of the array performance. This sensor imperfection refers to the nonuniformity between pixels, and is partially caused by disparities of the cut-off wavenumbers. In this work, we focus particularly on mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe), which is the most important material of IR cooled detector applications. Among the many advantages of this ternary alloy is the tunability of the bandgap energy with Cadmium composition, as well as the high quantum efficiency. In order to predict and understand spectral inhomogeneities of HgCdTe-based IRFPA, we propose a modeling approach based on the description of optical phenomena inside the pixels. The model considers the p-n junctions as a unique absorbent bulk layer, and derives the sensitivity of the global structure to both Cadmium composition and HgCdTe layer thickness. For this purpose, HgCdTe optical and material properties were necessary to be known at low temperature (80K), in our operating conditions. We therefore achieved the calculation of the real part of the refractive index using subtracti


Objective:To explore the effect of recombinant human prolactin (rhPRL) on endometriosis (EM).Methods:50 rat models with EM were established firstly and were randomly divided into study group 1 (10 cases, with 50μg·kg -1 ·d -1 of rhPRL ), group 2 (10 cases, with 100 μg·kg -1 ·d -1 of rhPRL), group 3 (10 cases, with 200μg·kg -1 ·d -1 of rhPRL), Danazol control group (10 cases, with 80 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 of Danazol), saline control group (6 cases) and blank control group (4 cases).Diameter and conglutination of nidus were measured and observed, CD3, CD4 CD8 T lymphocyte was determined by flowcytometry, serum IL-2 and IL-4 were determined by ELISA.Results:CD4/CD8 in group 1 and group 2 were significantly higher than those in saline group and blank controls ( P 0.05).IL-4 levels decreased but IL-2 significantly increased in group 1 and 2 comparing to that in saline group and blank controls ( P 0.05).EM niduser shrinked and conglutination was inhibited in study groups comparing to Danazol controls ( P 0.05) and saline group and blank controls ( P 0.05).Conclusion:The right dosage of rhPRL could play inhibition or treatment role in growth and conglutination of rat EM model by participating in immune regulation.


To investigate and compare the cytotoxicity of indocyanine green (ICG), brilliant blue G (BBG) and trypan blue (TB) using ARPE‐19 cells that have been pre‐treated/post‐treated with balanced salt solution (BSS) or foetal bovine serum (FBS).


Modern physical therapy could be conducted in many ways. Some of them are based on methods using the biophysical stimulation with a time-varying magnetic field. Although there are many devices functioning on this principle, the effect of the magnetic field remains arguable. Nowadays, the trend is to use low-frequency electromagnetic fields which allow an induced electric current to form in the exposed tissue. However, the use of such magnetic fields is associated with certain risks. It is questionable whether the application of such magnetic fields in certain locations might affect physiological electrical activity concerning the fact that the electrical current is generated in the tissue. For this reason, this paper aimed to monitor the effect of high-induction magnetic stimulation in an area where the electrical conduction system of the heart could be affected. Although no pathological signs in the ECG record were observed by the supervising physician, the results show that after the application of high-induction magnetic stimulation, the variability of the heart rhythm is affected since statistically significant differences were observed in the values of parameters describing the variability, i.e. SDNN (p = 0.040) and std HR (p = 0.004), pre and post the HIMS application.


Our novel method of determining heats of transport by comparing the biasing effect of a temperature gradient with that of an electric field has enabled us to determine the cation heat of transport in potassium chloride.


One of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is deposits of amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) in neuritic plaques and cerebral vessels. Immunization of AD mouse models with Aβ reduces Aβ deposits and improves memory and learning deficits. Because recent clinical trials of immunization with Aβ were halted due to brain inflammation that was presumably induced by a T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune response, vaccination modalities that elicit predominantly humoral immune responses are currently being developed.


clinical presentation Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is an acute, highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis.4 The incubation period of pertussis generally is 7 to 10 days, and the infection is divided into three phases: catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. Pertussis is most readily transmitted during the catarrhal stage and the first 2 weeks after cough onset. The catarrhal stage is characterized by nonspecific symptoms such as mild cough, low-grade fever, and coryza and lasts around 1 to 2 weeks.4–6 The cough gradually worsens as the patient progresses to the paroxysmal stage, which typically lasts from 1 to 6 weeks but may persist up to 10 weeks.4 The paroxysmal stage is characterized by numerous spasmodic coughs during a single expiration, followed by a labored inspiration that may result in the classic high-pitched "whoop," especially in children.4–6 Posttussive emesis and exhaustion also are common. As the patient progresses from the paroxysmal to convalescent stage, the cough gradually decreases in frequency and severity during 2 to 3 weeks. The convalescent stage can last weeks to months. Infants are at highest risk of serious pertussisrelated complications, such as seizures, encephalopathy, and bacterial pneumonia, which is the most common cause of pertussis-related death.4 Other complications include otitis media, anorexia, dehydration, pneumothorax, epistaxis, hernias, and rectal prolapse. Difficulty sleeping, urinary incontinence, pneumonia, and rib fracture are pertussis-related complications that may be experienced by adolescents and adults.


Group sequential study designs have been proposed as an approach to conserve resources in biomarker validation studies. Typically, group sequential study designs allow both 'early termination to reject the null hypothesis' and 'early termination for futility' if there is evidence against the alternative hypothesis. In contrast, several researchers have advocated for using group sequential study designs that allow only early termination for futility in biomarker validation studies because of the desire to obtain a precise estimate of marker performance at study completion. This suggests a loss function that heavily weights the precision of the estimate that is obtained at study completion at the expense of an increased sample size when there is strong evidence against the null hypothesis. We propose a formal approach to comparing designs that allow early termination for futility, superiority or both by developing a loss function that incorporates the expected sample size under the null and alternative hypotheses, as well as the mean‐squared error of the estimate that is obtained at study completion. We then use our loss function to compare several candidate designs and derive optimal two‐stage designs for a recently reported validation study of a novel prostate cancer biomarker.


The paper reveals analysis of the artistic and creative process, presented historical and cultural aspects of the game dramatization as a form of art and learning. Revealed duality of a game, its relationship to culture, art, general and vocational education. The paper analyzes the features of the game simulation of artistic and creative process reveals its stages, varieties, forms of organization. Author substantiated ways to use simulation on a content level and at the level of mastery learning activities, highlights the important role of game simulation as a means of integrative (theatrical) music lessons. As a result, conclusions about role of theatrical play (dramatization) as a phenomenon culture and pedagogy of art, which contributes to students' cultural, spiritual, moral and artistic development.


This qualitative descriptive research has two types of data resources, namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data were the result of the interview from the data resources which determined through the purposive sampling technique.  The primary data were obtained from the headmaster, teachers, administrative staff, school committees, and students. While the secondary data includes textbooks,   school documents, journals, theses, dissertations, internet sites, which related to the implementation of the principal's management functions in improving the quality of education. Data were collected through in-depth interview techniques with informants, observation, and documentation. In analyzing the data, the researcher applied the qualitative descriptive techniques based on Miles and Huberman theory namely data reduction, data exposure, and data verification. There are two objectives of the research, they are 1) to describe the implementation of planning function and 2) to describe the implementation of the actuating function of the principal in improving the quality of education at Hedam Inpres State Elementary School in Abepura, Jayapura. The study revealed that 1) the principal of Hedam Inpres State Elementary School in Abepura, Jayapura has implemented the planning function properly and 2) The actuating function of the school principal had not been implemented yet. Keywords: Principal Management Functions, Planning, Actuating, Quality of Education


People are likely to overlook in teaching the essential factor that the domain of definition of function concept is just the nonempty set of number. This thesis puts forward the idea with examples that the domain of the definition should be paid much attention to in your research of function.


Abstract: The quality of scene classification is particularly crucial because it is a key step in both video summarization and video analysis. This article proposes a strategy to accomplish high-quality scene classification and focuses on several practical implementation gaps over the previous methodologies. We identify five scene types, including batting, bowling, boundary, crowd, and close-up, using cricket as a case study. For scene categorization, we use the ResNet152 model which is pre-trained on imagenet. The proposed method employs new, fully connected layers in an encoder fashion. We also prepared a dataset of cricket video and manually labelled them into five classes which was later used to train the model. The model achieved mean accuracy of 99.15 upon training on the dataset.


This dissertation presents an investigation on the effects of large scale roughness on the properties of giant magnetoresistive multilayers. The large scale roughness (orms > 5 nm) is introduced into giant magnetoresistive thin films through the substrate. Currentin-plane (CIP) and current-perpendicular-to-the-plane (CPP) thin films were deposited by dc magnetron and triode sputtering. All films were characterized for roughness, magnetic and electronic behavior. Our research on both pseudo spin valves and exchange-biased spin valves shows that long length scale roughness does not have a significant detrimental effect on GMR thin films. For the CIP films, we find that a decrease in GMR correlates to an increase in minimum film resistivity. As the minimum resistivity increased, the maximum resistivity increased linearly with a slope ~1. This suggests that the decrease in GMR may primarily be an effect of increased spin-independent scattering resulting from the increased film roughness. The CPP films showed a similar relationship between minimum and maximum resistance. Studying the effect of such large scale substrate roughness is important for applications in which GMR multilayers are deposited on non standard substrates and buffer layers including flexible media.


Riverland retailers are divided over whether a proposal by the Productivity Commission to reduce penalty rates on Sundays would increase trade.


........................................................................................................................................ ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................. iv Chapter 1. "Needs, Breakdowns, and Calls: Why More Research is Needed" .......................... 1 Need for Collaboration ................................................................................................... 2 Breakdowns in Communication ...................................................................................... 4 Calls for Scholarship ........................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 2. "A Starting Point: Where Librarians and Compositionists Agree" ....................... 10 How Technology Affects Librarians ............................................................................ 11 How Technology Affects Compositionists .................................................................... 15 Chapter 3. "Potential Places for Conflict: Where Librarians and Compositionists Disagree" 23 Past Library Science Scholarship ................................................................................. 24 Past Composition Scholarship ...................................................................................... 29 Present Library Science Scholarship ............................................................................ 36 Present Composition Scholarship ................................................................................. 38 Chapter 4. "What Happens Next: Future Implications for Research and Pedagogy" ............. 42 Implications for Research ............................................................................................... 44 Implications for Pedagogy .............................................................................................. 45 Works Cited .............................................................................................................................. 47


Purpose The COVID-19 outbreak has caused governments to put pandemic-related guidelines requiring compliance and understanding by healthcare professionals to mitigate its spread uncontrollably. We studied pharmacists' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the COVD-19 outbreak compared with other healthcare workers during the pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Methods We surveyed pharmacists' socio-demographics (n=50) compared with other healthcare professionals (n=378) during lockdown starting in June 2020. We measured respondents' level of knowledge (n=10 questions, maximum score of 10), attitude (n=17 questions, maximum score of 80), and their practices (n=16 questions, maximum score of 80) towards COVID-19 infection. Results Median knowledge score was 8 (25th–75th percentiles: 7–9), attitude score 76 (70–80) and practice score 74 (68–78). Good knowledge predictors were >20 years working experience [OR: 2.05 (95% CI: 1.03–4.06); P=0.04] and >50% working in clinical practice [OR: 1.72 (95% CI: 1.12–2.66); P=0.01], in inverse relationship with paramedical professions [OR: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.45 (0.28–0.72)); P=0.001] and working in a university hospital [OR: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.33. 0.81); P=0.004]. Availability of pharmaceutical information and treatment options was associated with good attitude [OR: 2.19 (95% CI: 1.04–4.59); P=0.039] and acquaintance as primary information sources negatively associated with good attitude [OR: 0.34 (95% CI: 0.15–0.8); P=0.013]. Good practice predictors were female gender [OR: 3.84 (95% CI: 2.37–6.24); P<0.001], military hospital employment [OR: 2.32 (95% CI: 1.25–4.31); P=0.008], USA [OR: 3.41 (95% CI: 1.03–11.22); P=0.044] or UK [OR: 8.86 (95% CI: 1.91–41.07); P=0.005] qualifications, and information on supportive measures [OR: 2.2 (95% CI: 1.36–3.56); P=0.001]. Conclusion Health workers displayed good knowledge about COVID-19, while profession and working experience predicted adequate knowledge, positive attitude, or practice towards disease management.


The article deals with the system of image and symbols in modern Korean children's poetry of the 20th century. In the work were ana- lyzed poems for children. And also modern literary criticism, there are few empirical studies devoted to children's Korean literature. This is the foundation for further research into the development of the children's literature in Korea Peninsula of the XX century. The urgency of the topic of study is due to increased interest in the problem of children's literature. Korean literature for children has always evolved along with an adult, covering similar topics, stories, problems and ideas. In Korea, thanks to the Taoist ideas, a universal system of symbols was created that in fl uenced the character of the images and the construction of space in the work. The aim of this research was to investigate the system of images and symbols in the Korean childten's poetry of the XX century. The purpose of the article is to analyze the system of images of contemporary Korean children's poetry of the twentieth century. Due to this research we can see how was the system of images and symbols changed during the 20 th century in Korean children's literature. The article is intended for a wide range of readers and those who are interested in literature, especially in children's Korean literature of the 20 th century. This is the foundation for further research into the development of the Korean children's poetry in the 20 th century. words:


OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of pulmonary fungal infections in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and put forward corresponding countermeasures so as to reduce the infection rate.METHODS A total of 67cases of elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated with pulmonary fungal infections were selected as the observation group,while 61cases without pulmonary infections were set as the control group,then the clinical treatment and the basic data were statistically analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS The antibiotic use time of the observation group(17.15±7.22)d was significantly longer than that of the control group(8.39±3.04)d,the blood albumin level of the observation group was(28.28±4.60)(g/L),significantly lower than(35.63±3.57)(g/L)of the control group,which was significantly higher in the patients with the use of glucocorticoids more than 2weeks,the patients complicated with diabetes,the patients with respiratory failure,or the patients who underwent the mechanical ventilation of the observation group than in those of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Although the cases with renal dysfunction were more in the observation group than in the control group,the difference was not statistically significant.Multivariate regression analysis showed that the long-term use of antibiotics or corticosteroids,complication of hypoalbuminemia,diabetes,respiratory failure,and use of mechanical ventilation were the high-risk independent factors of the pulmonary fungal infections(P0.05).Of totally 67 cases of patients complicated with pulmonary infections,there were 50(74.63%)cases with Candida infections,among which 29(43.28%)cases were with Candida albican infections,and 13(19.40%)cases with Candida tropicalis infections.CONCLUSION Although the incidence of pulmonary fungal infections in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to the treatment,the prevention is even more importance.For the elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,it is necessary to reasonably use antibiotics or corticosteroids,reduce the invasive operation,actively treat the complications,and improve the immunity of the patients.


The invention discloses a method for preparing nanoliposome antivenom active enzyme A2 (comprising lipoprotein phospholipase A2 and phospholipase A2) and enteropathogen specific composite IgY and antivenom active enzyme A2 (comprising lipoprotein phospholipase A2 and phospholipase A2) specific composite IgY. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) reconstructing the lipoprotein phospholipase A2 and the phospholipase A2 expression protein by using genetic engineering technology; (2) preparing domestic aquatic animal main enteropathogen composite antigen; (3) preparing the antivenom active enzyme A2 and enteropathogen specific composite IgY and the antivenom active enzyme A2 specific IgY; (4) preparing a rough product of lipoprotein phospholipase A2 and domestic aquatic animal enteropathogen specific composite IgY; and (5) nanorizing and performing liposome processing on the antivenom active enzyme A2 and enteropathogen specific composite IgY and the antivenom active enzyme A2 specific IgY. A feed or feed additive for domestic aquatic animals prepared by the specific composite IgY or IgY can enhance the health of the animal intestines, suppress special phospholipase which can affect the nutrient absorption and improve the conversion efficiency of the feed.


In this article, a simulation model and concept of two switch bi-directional isolated DC/DC converter is presented. Converter is based on flyback converter type. Also control method for voltage regulation with bi-directional power transfer is presented. Target application of the proposed converter was selected to be a hybrid AC/DC distribution system concept of which was briefly described. The requirement of galvanic isolation in the hybrid AC/DC concept comes from use of shared neutral wire; DC current runs with unbalanced part of AC current in neutral wire. Without galvanic isolation grounded neutral would cause short circuit if DC/DC converter is connected to three phase rectifier or inverter. Simulation was carried out with PSCAD electromagnetic transient simulator. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v3i4.4606


THE HISTORICAL USE BY COUNTY HIGHWAY ENGINEERS OF COMPUTERS AS AN AID TO HIGHWAY DESIGN IS EXAMINED. IT DEALS WITH THE GROWTH OF THIS USE AND THE DESIRE OF AUTHORITIES AND THE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT TO INTEGRATE THE WORK WHICH HAS BEEN DONE AND PRODUCE A HIGHWAY DESIGN SYSTEM WHICH COULD BE AVAILABLE TO ALL HIGHWAY ENGINEERS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. A JOINT THREE MONTHS' PROJECT OF THE COUNTIES AND THE MINISTRY IS DESCRIBED AND DETAILS AND METHODS OF USE OF THE SYSTEM DEVELOPED ARE EXPLAINED. THE INTEGRATED PROGRAM SYSTEM IS BASED UPON THE USE OF COORDINATES TO DEFINE THE POSITION OF ANY POINT EITHER ON THE GROUND OR THE HIGHWAY AND IT INCLUDES A DIGITAL GROUND MODEL. THE PROGRAMS DEAL WITH ALL ASPECTS OF DESIGN FROM HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT TO THE CALCULATION OF EARTHWORKS' QUANTITIES. /AUTHOR/


It is expected that the engineering constructions should carry the vertical and horizontal loads during the service within the determined safety margin. Basic principal of having strong column weak beam preference is essential for earthquake resistant structures for all construction types including concrete, steel, wood and prefabricated. The major criteria for having earthquake resistant structure is to ensure that the columns are stronger and carry the most load than the beam in the nodes. This criterion has been widely adopted in earthquake codes in Europe, USA, Japan and India. It is possible to absorb and consume the earthquake energy via beam plastic joint hinges if the columns are constructed to be more durable than the beams. For this, it is foreseen that the ratio of the ultimate strength of the upper and lower columns to the right and left beams (β) should be greater than one (β = 1.2) in the beam-column joints as stated in the Turkish Earthquake Code. This coefficient is usually greater than 1.2 in the earthquake codes adopted in the world. It was observed that many structures were damaged or collapsed due to not meeting the coefficient criteria stated above. This criterion is the most effective one among many to prevent the damage in the structure under seismic action. In this study, the effect of the change in the coefficient on the column and beam moments is investigated under the Turkish Earthquake Code. Different numerical examples are presents for the coefficient of 10. The results of the investigation highlighted that irregularity in the strong column weak beam composition may negatively affect the other irregularities in the structure.


English is a language that unites humans in communicating with others. The existence of language differences can make it difficult for people to understand each other in dialogue. Therefore, the role of English is very useful to unite human communication. In this case, researchers make research to predict the level of understanding of students in English. Predicting the level of understanding of students in English is needed to determine the level of ability or understanding of students in English so that students can further enhance student abilities. English is very necessary for students to support a bright future. In this study implements the Artificial Neural Network in conducting research and applying the bacpropagation method in it. To complete this study, researchers used several criteria, namely: Reading References, Hearing from the Environment, Practicing, Utilizing Technology. Of the four criteria using the backpropagation method is useful for training in predicting the level of understanding of students in English. The results of this research test get that the level of understanding of students in English is with the level of accuracy and architecture Keyword : Artificial Neural Network; Prediction; English; Level of Understanding; Backpropagation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Corresponding Author: Septri Wanti Siahaan, Department of Informatics Engineering STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar Jl. Jend. Sudirman, Blok. A, No. 1, 2, dan 3, Pematangsiantar, 21143, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Email : firstname.lastname@example.com Article history: Received Aug 21, 2020 Revised Aug 27, 2020 Accepted Sep 01, 2020


This paper reports an IoT-based home automation and weather monitoring system developed for remote control of household appliances and weather monitoring. The proposed system comprises a Wi-Fi enabled ESP32 microcontroller as the network gateway, a relay module, and a DHT11 sensor for monitoring temperature and humidity. The status of the household devices and the weather data are continuously collected and stored in a MySQL database, which is set up on the IoT platform. A user interface was created using two different protocols – HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). The IoT-based home automation and weather monitoring system is designed to be low cost, user-friendly and can remotely control home appliances and monitor weather data over the internet.


Abstract Peacock ink, known as Murakkabi ṭāvūsī, was created and used by Persian master calligraphers especially from the 14th century onwards. It is a sub-category of Persian ink which contains four main ingredients: lamp black, gum Arabic, green vitriol (ferrous sulphate) and gall nut extract (tannic acid). It is differentiated from other inks in that it contains many additional secondary ingredients which will be covered in this paper. Peacock ink derives its name from the range of different coloured materials added to the ink as well as the blue-green undertone this predominantly black ink is said to have. It is reputed to be a high-quality product, rumoured to stay on paper for centuries and is not affected by water, abrasion or other detrimental factors. It was the aim of this investigation to identify and describe in detail ingredients used to make this ink by finding and translating 17 recipes contained in 11 Persian treatises (15th–16th ce). Of the 31 ingredients found, 16 are plant based, 13 minerals, and 2 animal (protein) based, and in all cases water was used as the vehicle.


We conduct an experiment to study how beliefs about behavioral responses to taxation and preferences over equality–e iciency trade-o s relate to the political disagreement on redistribution. We use a novel method to elicit incentivized beliefs from a sample of 13,900 Americans about how taxes a ect people's e ort choices, and we elicit incentivized equality–e iciency preferences. We find that Democrats and Republicans have virtually identical beliefs about behavioral responses to taxation. Furthermore, we find that beliefs about behavioral responses to taxation fail to predict people's support for equalization of incomes in society. Equality– e iciency preferences, by contrast, strongly predict both people's political a iliation and their support for equalization of incomes in society. We also explore the role of motivated beliefs and identity politics by priming respondents about the political disagreement on redistribution. The treatments increase political polarization in preferences, but do not polarize beliefs. Our findings suggest that the political divide on redistribution relates more to people's preferences than to their beliefs about the behavioral responses to taxation. (JEL C91, D83, H20) ∗A iliation of all authors: Department of Economics, NHH Norwegian School of Economics. E-mails: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, and email@example.com. We would like to thank Alberto Alesina, Roland Bénabou, Edward Glaeser, Olof Johansson-Stenman, David Laibson, Ma hew Rabin, Christopher Roth, Rupert Sausgruber, Andrei Schleifer, Klaus Schmidt, Daniel Schunk, Stefanie Stantcheva, Ma hias Su er, Guido Tabellini, Jean-Robert Tyran, Jonas Tungodden, and numerous seminar and conference participants for their helpful comments and discussions. This work was partially supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence Scheme, FAIR project No 262675. The experiment is registered in the AEA RCT Registry as trial 2186. The usual disclaimer applies.


The influence of different kinds and contents of nano-fillers such as nano-montmorillonite (nanoMMT) , nano-fumed silica (nano-SiO2) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the rheological characteristics of nano-fillers/ Bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether epoxy resin (DGEBA) systems have been studied. First, the rheological characteristics of these systems are analyzed, and we find that Casson model is the best model to describe them. Then the flow models and the viscosity models based on Casson Model are established. By comparing and analyzing parameters in the flow models, the effect of nanofillers on the rheological characteristics of these systems is concluded in quality and quantity. The results of the research can improve preparing technologies of nanometerials by supplying theory directions in future.


Abstract This policy brief proposes a tax credit with related qualifying conditions that address the serious deficiencies related to abuse and neglect found in the current for-profit long-term care space. It also seeks to address the lack of government accountability for huge outlays of taxpayer dollars in the form of Medicare and Medicaid payments to these facilities, much of which results in maximizing profits for wealthy investors at the expense of vulnerable individuals with limited voice. Our proposed policy arrangement alters the organizational DNA of the for-profit organization, including the moderation of profit, to circumvent the existing financial incentives that are driving the mistreatment and malpractice so evident in the system. It aims to achieve this through four policy components including social financing, a sliding dividend cap, employee-ownership, and limits on complex corporate structures which are tied to a tax credit. This multi-faceted policy idea is intended to start the discussion around a possible path forward.


This research aims to analyse the factors of divorce in members of a police force, the impacts, and alternatives offered by the court judge to overcome divorce problems from a positive law perspective, the juridical-sociological method. The study took place in the coverage area of Court in Gorontalo, Suwawa, and Limboto. Further, the present work applied a case approach and statute approach. The data from primary and secondary sources were collected from the literature study and field research. The results showed that the factors of divorce comprise: prolonged quarrelling, cheating, economic problems, and domestic violence. The divorce cases lead to several problems that impact the married couple, their children, and their shared wealth. Referring to the Islamic Law perspective, the court Judge provides several alternatives to optimise mediation as dispute settlement before divorce as a last resort. Moreover, the Judge provides post-divorce alternatives to ensure that the ex-husband gives the iddah and mut'ah allowances to his ex-wife and that the ex-husband still supports the children's development.


The introduction of new human resources management policies is a key catalyst for the organizational development of school institutions and for achieving sustainability in quality management systems. The article analyzes the problems of human resources management in the context of ensuring the quality of education. The causes of the problems and alternatives for influencing them in the context of human resource management in the modern school are outlined. We are looking for solutions for the management of pedagogical specialists, as part of the human resources in the school, aimed at the new requirements and responsibilities to the autonomous institutions to achieve high quality educational services, which include continuous improvement of teachers' competencies, life skills development, 21st century students, participation in the management of the institution. Possible management strategies are presented, leading to the improvement of human resources management and solving the problems with the quality of education in Bulgaria.


Steady innovations in traditional computing hardware have had a profound effect on other consumer electronic devices in use today; as processing becomes cheaper and storage capacities become larger, users are producing data at an unprecedented rate. To cope with these new storage demands, distributed and cloud-based systems are increasingly popular due to their scalable, parallel nature. In this paper, we investigate the use of cloud computing technology to provide storage and processing capabilities for extremely large image-based datasets and photographic editing workflows, and demonstrate the performance gains provided by such a system.


Carotenoids are reported to have immunological effects independent of vitamin A activity. Although antioxidant activity has been suggested as a basis of action, the ability of carotenoids to autoxidize to numerous non-vitamin A products with immunological activity is an alternative yet to be fully explored. We have undertaken a systematic study of -carotene autoxi- dation and tested the product mixture for immunological activity. Autoxidation proceeds predominantly by oxygen copolymer- ization, leading to a defined, reproducible product corresponding to net uptake of almost 8 molar equivalents of oxygen. The product, termed OxC-beta, empirical formula C40H60O15 versus C40H56 for -carotene, contains more than 30% oxygen (w/w) and 85% -carotene oxygen copolymers (w/w) as well as minor amounts of many C8−C18 norisoprenoid compounds. No vitamin A or higher molecular weight norisoprenoids are present. The predominance of polymeric products has not been reported previ- ously. The polymer appears to be a less polymerized form of sporopollenin, a biopolymer found in exines of spores and pollen. Autoxidations of lycopene and canthaxanthin show a similar predominance of polymeric products. OxC-beta exhibits immu- nological activity in a PCR gene expression array, indicating that carotenoid oxidation produces non-vitamin A products with immunomodulatory potential.


The first indirect radiative forcing and climatic effect of sulfate are investigated by using a Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System(RIEMS).The RIEMS can generally represent cloud and radiation processes by comparison with the MODIS data and the results from other models.The first indirect radiative forcing of sulfate over East Asia is negative and varies seasonally,with seasonal means being -0.88 W/m2 in winter,-2.27 W/m2 in spring,-2.41 W/m2 in summer,-1.47 W/m2 in autumn,and annual mean being -1.75 W/m2.The spatial distributions of simulated cloud droplet effective radius are similar to the MODIS data,showing larger effective radius over the sea(6-15 μm) than that over land(4-10 μm),and the decreasing trend from Southeast China to Northwest China,but the model results are systemically smaller than the MODIS data.The indirect radiative effect of sulfate generally leads to a decrease in the ground temperature,with maximum surface cooling reaching 1.5℃ in Chongqing and its vicinity in spring and autumn.The vapor decreases in winter and spring due to the ground temperature decreasing,but its changes seem much more complex in summer and fall,not only decreasing but also increasing,because the vapor transport is more complex.The changes in precipitation are consistent with those in water vapor,and show a general decrease trend over eastern China.The precipitation decreases in spring and winter over most areas of eastern China(0-60 mm),but the situation is complex in summer and autumn.In summer,the precipitation increases in the Sichuan Basin,the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and large areas south of the Yangtze River(0-150 mm),whereas in most areas of Northeast China and the North China Plain,the precipitation decreases(0-90 mm).The spatial averages of these changes over specific regions of China show that the ground temperature decreases in all regions and all seasons except Northeast China in summer where the ground temperature increases(0.2℃),the maximum decrease in the ground temperature appears in the region of Central China(as large as 0.5℃) in autumn.The changes in precipitation in these regions are smallest in winter(-0.1-0 cm),largest in summer.In summer,the decrease in regional mean accumulated precipitation can reach 1.7 cm in Northeast China,whereas the precipitation increases by about 0.2 cm in the region of Central China.


The paper presents a novel approach to locate an impact load in a thick plate. The approach is based on the analysis of the acoustic waveforms estimated at three different points on the plate surface. For accurate estimation of the location of the impact source, the time differences in the arrival times of the waves at the three points and their propagation velocities are determined. The dispersion curves for multi modes of Lamb wave are calculated by using exact plate theory. It is difficult to eatimate directly the group velocity for Lamb mode of acoustic waveform in the thick plate because they are dispersive wave. However, most of the energy in the wave is carried by the flexural waves (A0 mode), the group velocity of this mode is extracted using the CHOTF (combined higher order time frequency) technique for estimating the impact source location. The estimates are shown to be in excellent agreement with the actual locations and it is applied to the damage analysis due to the loose part in a nuclear power plant.


Background: Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains threaten tuberculosis (TB) control. We compared data on drug resistance obtained at clinics in seven high TB burden countries during routine care with whole-genome sequencing (WGS) carried out centrally. Methods: We collected pulmonary Mtb isolates and clinical data from adult TB patients in Africa, Latin America, and Asia, stratified by HIV status and drug resistance, from 2013 to 2016. Participating sites performed drug susceptibility testing (DST) locally, using routinely available methods. WGS was done using Illumina HiSeq 2500 at laboratories in the USA and Switzerland. We used TBprofiler to analyse the genomes. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, HIV-status, history of TB, sputum positivity, and Mtb-lineage to analyse mortality. Findings: We included 582 TB patients. The median age was 32 years (interquartile range: 27-43 years), 225 (39%) were female, and 247 (42%) were HIV-positive. Based on WGS, 339 (58%) isolates were pan-susceptible, 35 (6%) monoresistant, 146 (25%) multidrug-resistant, and 24 (4%) pre-/ extensively drug-resistant (pre-XDR/XDR-TB). The local DST results were discordant compared to WGS results in 130/582 (22%) of patients. All testing methods identified isoniazid and rifampicin resistance with relatively high agreement (kappa 0.69 for isoniazid and 0.88 rifampicin). Resistance to ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and second-line drugs was rarely tested locally. Of 576 patients with known treatment, 86 (15%) patients received inadequate treatment according to WGS results and the World Health Organization treatment guidelines. The analysis of mortality was based on 530 patients; 63 patients (12%) died and 77 patients (15%) received inadequate treatment. Mortality ranged from 6% in patients with pan-susceptible Mtb (18/310) to 39% in patients with pre-XDR/XDR-TB (9/23). The adjusted odds ratio for mortality was 4.82 (95% CI 2.43-9.44) for under-treatment and 0.52 (95% CI 0.03-2.73) for over-treatment. Interpretation: In seven high-burden TB countries, we observed discrepancies between drug resistance patterns from local DST and WGS, which resulted in inadequate treatment and higher mortality. WGS can provide accurate and detailed drug resistance information, which is required to improve the outcomes of drug-resistant TB in high burden settings. Our results support the WHO's call for point-of-care tests based on WGS.