The limited observations available on blood sugar levels of Mollusca suggest that they are very low. Values of 2–14 mg % glucose have been reported for Aplysia (see Kisch, 1929; Berthoumeyroux, 1935), and even the higher levels recorded for Octopus and Sepia species by Bierry & Giaja (1909), Berthoumeyroux (1935) and Derrien (1938) range only from 20 to 32 mg % glucose. The majority of these blood sugar analyses were based on the Hagedorn & Jensen (1923) technique. Landgrebe & Munday (1954) have shown that this technique may have an inherent blank error of 5 mg % glucose equivalent, and consequently it is not a suitable method for critical analyses of these low molluscan blood sugar levels.


This research examined the impact of government expenditure on agricultural value chain in Nigeria. It uses annual time series data for the period 1998-2018. Statistical Techniques, survey, simple percentages and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) methods were adopted. The OLS result using Multiple Regression analysis revealed an insignificant positive relationship between government expenditure and Agricultural value chain, proxy by Aggregate importation of rice (AMR). Imports had a negative sign; it is a leakage on the economy. It however, showed that agricultural gross domestic product (ADP) has a positive relationship with government expenditure, at 5 percent level. The pair-wise Granger causality tests showed that government expenditure on agriculture (GEA) granger causes aggregate importation of rice (AMR), this was indicated by their respective F-statistics and probability values which stood at 0.39420(0.6815).. In conclusion, government expenditure, with supportive policies, would have huge impact on agricultural value chain in Nigeria. The agricultural sector is the engine of economic recovery, growth and development, therefore an improvement in government spending to the sector is recommended. This study contributes to the downstream linkages in the agricultural sector.


In contrast to most other marine invertebrates, echinoderms favor the recognition of a syn vivo infestment of parasites and commensals by the specific response of their skeletal tissues. Attachment or embedment structures, but also repair features commonly mirror the anatomical morphology of the trace maker and may therefore be of interpretive value. Among the numerous groups of invertebrates associated with sea urchins, only a few are tightly attached to the external surface of the host, leaving visible damage on the skeleton. Here, we describe etched attachment scars, a few millimeters in size, produced by a circular to subcircular organism on the oral surface of the holasteroid echinoid Echinocorys perconica (von Hagenow, 1840) from the Lower Maastrichtian chalk of northern Germany. We compare the traces with Recent attachment scars produced by benthic foraminifers such as Hyrrokkin sarcophaga and consequently suggest a parasitic foraminifer as the most probable trace maker.


PURPOSE: A clipping device for a device with a touch screen and a method thereof are provided to supply an analog feeling and a clipping scheme capable of natural and intuitive understanding. CONSTITUTION: A touch screen(810) recognizes the touch input of a user. A controller(840) determines the generation of a clipping command by using the touch input. If the clipping command is generated, the controller separates a clipping area from a pulling point. If a separation line indicating a progress trace of the separation reaches a boundary of the clipping area, the controller determines an area surrounded by both the separation line and the boundary as the clipping area. [Reference numerals] (810) Touch screen; (820) Storage unit; (830) Communication unit; (840) Control unit


in the past decade, left-of-center governments critical of neoliberalism have appeared all over Latin America: Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador, Uruguay, Argentina, Nicaragua, and Bolivia. This has given rise to debates about the differences among them and the supposed dangers signaled by the more radical governments. The Bush administration branded the latter, particularly Venezuela, "radical populist," while the U.S. press has been similarly alarmist, variously describing the offending governments as demagogic, anti-American, and even sponsors of terrorism. Meanwhile, in academic and policymaking circles, many follow the lead of the former Mexican foreign minister Jorge Casteñada, who has been an important social-democratic critic of the region's far left. In an influential article in Foreign Affairs ("Latin America's Left Turn," May/June 2006), Casteñada distinguished between two lefts: "one that is modern, open-minded, reformist and internationalist . . . and the other, born of the great tradition in Latin American populism, [that] is nationalist, strident, and close-minded," and disastrous for the region. The "good" left comprises market-friendly social democrats who emerged from orthodox left parties; they include the leaders of Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The populist left, on the other hand, refers to those supposedly in Latin America's strongman tradition—Hugo Chávez of Venezuela, Néstor Kirchner of Argentina (and perhaps his successor and wife, Cristina Fernández), Evo Morales of Bolivia, and Rafael Correa of Ecuador. According to Castañeda's view, these leaders are more interested in amassing power and lambasting the United States than in developing successful economics policies. This penchant for quarantining the irresponsible, "hyperactive" left characterizes much of the mainstream U.S. academic work on the region. In contrast, Nikolas Kozloff's book on the Latin American left turn, Revolution! South America and the Rise of the New Left, avoids this Manichean framework. Far from demonizing the radical left or populist leaders, he is interested in describing the commonalities that all the left-leaning governments share, while also attending to their differences. Kozloff, the author of a book on Chávez and a NACLA senior research associate, bases his work largely on interviews with activists, academics, and government officials, producing a lively and well-documented account for the general reader. Kozloff's sympathies openly lie with the forces for progressive change, yet he approaches his topic with an evenhandedness that is a strength, insofar as he gives both reformist and radical governments, all of which are committed to poverty reduction and social welfare programs at a minimum, the credit they deserve for meeting longsuppressed social needs. And he does not portray radicalism as a foolish or antediluvian fantasy. There are drawbacks to this approach, however. (More on that below.) Organized thematically, the book highlights trends across the region while giving the reader a useful account of developments in each country. The first chapters are devoted to regional energy policy and related sectors. (The author wrote about U.S. energy companies in the Amazon region during the early 1990s.) Chávez, he notes, has led the way to resource integration with several initiatives, among them agreements with Argentina, Bolivia, and Brazil to explore joint ventures. Chávez and Ecuador's Correa have sought greater government control of and access to oil revenue, while Morales has done the same with natural gas. Kozloff also evaluates trade policy, including that of the trade bloc Mercosur, which despite recent advances is still plagued by conflict between participating countries and the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA), an arrangement to increase trade, economic integration, and political solidarity independent of U.S. influence and market constraints. Without neoliberal Brazil's support for a new economic model for the region, however, the prospects for ALBA remain uncertain. The issue of nationalism comes up several times. Overlapping the pervasive desire for national autonomy is the anti-American sentiment characteristic of the more radical governments. Chávez's vitriolic broadsides against the United States are now legendary, but Correa has also weighed in ("to compare Bush to the devil was an offense against the devil"), while Morales referred to the Free Trade Area of the Americas as "an agreement to legalize the colonization of the Americas." Neither Chile under Michelle Bachelet's left-center coalition government nor Brazil under Lula's moderate leadership is interested in confronting Washington or jettisoning free trade. Both nationalism and challenges to the United States and U.S.-style capitalBeyond Latin America's 'Two Lefts'


The author reveals new approaches to the analysis of illegal publishing activity effectiveness expanded by Siberian socialists at the beginning of the XXth century, pays special attention to the specificity of illegal publications content, considers from semiotic position the influence of Socialist Party literature on different Siberian society strata on the eve and during the First Revolution, in inter-revolutionary decade; and makes the conclusion about its greatest efficiency during the maximum rise of social movement during the First and on the eve of the Second Revolutions.


The viscosity of polyacrylamide aqueous solutions decreases as a result of high-speed stirring, due possibly to the degradation of the molecules.


Unless otherwise noted, we consider only n > 0. The parameters in (1.1) are all integers satisfying k, pi and aij > 0. Assume c initial conditions R(1) = ξ1, R(2) = ξ2, . . . , R(c) = ξc, with all ξi > 0. Golomb [6] first solved the simplest example of such a non-homogeneous nested recursion, namely, G(n) = G(n− G(n− 1)) + 1, G(1) = 1; see also [7]. In fact, all of the recursions we find with ceiling function solutions can be rewritten into an equivalent homogeneous form. We use the non-homogeneous form for two reasons; first, we do not a priori know we will find no others, and second, it simplifies the presentation of the material in Section 2.


INTRODUCTION Since 1976, a group of wild chimpanzees has been studied at Bossou, which is located in the southeastern corner of the Republic of Guinea. The core area of the group consists of four small hills that are located about 4 km east from the Nimba Mountains. Due to the small core area and large distance of the Nimba Mountains, the Bossou group is thought to be geographically isolated from others. Secondary forests and abandoned fi elds cover over the border between Guinea and Liberia. Here I report the first observed case in which Bossou chimpanzees actually crossed the national border into the Liberian forest. Locations were recorded by GPS.


The Elastic Optical Networks technology (EON) provides the necessary infrastructure to cope with Multiple Bulk Data Transfer (MBDT), being able to allocate dynamic and flexible optical circuits adapting itself to the demands. This work proposes solutions to circuit allocation in EON that are aware of the idiosyncrasies of MBDTs in a scenario of databases resynchronization in networks which interconnect data centers. The results obtained shows that the application-aware solutions establish up to three times more successful MBDTs calls if compared to conventional solutions.


The effect of Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner addition on solidification microstructure, especially the formation of the binary eutectic (Al)+Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2 was investigated in Al-5Mg-2Si-0.7Mn-1.1Fe (wt.%) alloy. The experimental results showed that the solidification microstructure were consisted of primary α-Al phase, inter dendritic binary eutectic (Al)+Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2, and ternary eutectic (Al+Mg2Si+Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2). The heterogeneous nucleation of the primary (Al) phase in the alloys was greatly enhanced by the Al-5Ti-1B grain refiner, refining the (Al) grains significantly. The subsequent binary eutectic was nucleated on these refined (Al) phase. Consequently, the size of Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2 phase with a Chinese script morphology in the binary eutectic was greatly refined, without much change in the secondary branch spacing.


The present invention provides a method and apparatus for reading English spoken automatic scoring. The method comprises: preprocessing of the input speech, the pretreatment process comprising framing; extracting speech features from the voice pretreated; linear network grammar and acoustic models built read text, speech feature vector sequences are forced alignment to give each phoneme dividing point information; divided for each of the phonemes point information, calculating posterior probability of each phoneme; phoneme posterior probability based on a multidimensional score feature extraction; the manual scoring information and feature score, training the support vector regression non-linear regression model to take advantage of the non-linear regression model for spoken English reading score. Experts scoring data using a scoring model training, to ensure that the statistical results from the scoring machine will not deviate manual scoring, so as to achieve a high degree computer simulation of the expert score.


* The Psychological Context of the Clinton Presidency: A Framework for Analysis Stanley A. Renshon. Presidential PsychologyThe 1992 Campaign: What Did We Learn? * How George Bush Lost the Presidential Election of 1992 Betty Glad. * The Political Psychology of the Ross Perot Phenomenon Jerrold M. Post. * Character, Judgment, and Political Leadership: Promise, Problems, and Prospects of the Clinton Presidency S. A. Renshon. Public PsychologyLeadership Styles * The Cueless Public: Bill Clinton Meets the New American Voter in Campaign 92 W. Lance Bennett. * Presidential Psychology and Governing Styles: A Comparative Psychological Analysis of the 1992 Presidential Candidates David G. Winter. The Process Of Presidential Leadership * Political Style and Political Leadership: The Case of Bill Clinton Fred I. Greenstein. * Advice and Advisers in the Clinton Presidency: The Impact of Leadership Style Margaret G. Hermann. Public Psychology And President Clinton * President Clinton Meets the Media: Communication Shaped by Predictable Patterns Martha Joynt Kumar. * Public Opinion in President Clintons First Year: Leadership and Responsiveness Lawrence R. Jacobs and Robert Y. Shapiro. The Clinton Presidency And The Psychology Of Public Policy: Dilemmas And Opportunities * President Clinton as a Cognitive Manager Peter Suedfeld and Michael D. Wallace. * Psychological Dimensions of PostCold War Foreign Policy Richard Ned Lebow.


This paper studies the selection,test standards and application of waterborne coatings on rail vehicles based on the research of international waterborne coatings property standards.This paper also analyzes the problems and solutions in coating process of waterborne coatings.


Summary In this paper, a runtime diagnosis infrastructure is presented for embedded systems. Different from existing methods of tracing system logs offline, our research focuses on analyzing system kernel data structures from runtime memory against predefined constraints periodically. The prototype system is developed based on a system virtualization layer, above on which the guest operating system and diagnosis services run simultaneously. The infrastructure requires few modifications to the source code of operating system kernel, thus it can be easily adopted into existing embedded systems for quick implementation. It is also fully software-based without introducing any specific hardware; therefore it is cost-efficient. The experiment results indicate that it can correctly detect several real world kernel-level security attacks with acceptable penalty to system performance.


The development of a generic and effective force model for semi-automatic or manual virtual assembly with haptic support is not a trivial task, esp. when the assembly constraints involve complex features of arbitrary shape. The primary challenge lies in a proper formulation of the guidance forces that effectively assist the user in his/her exploration of the virtual environment, from repulsing collisions to attracting proper contact. The secondary difficulty is that of efficient implementation that maintains the standard 1 kHz haptic refresh rate. We propose a purely geometric model for an artificial energy field that favors spatial relations leading to proper assembly, differentiated to obtain forces and torques in a 6 DOF motion. The energy function is expressed in terms of a convolution of shape-dependent affinity fields, precomputed offline separately for each object. We test the effectiveness of the method using familiar peg-in-hole examples. We show that the proposed technique unifies collision detection and precision assembly modes into a single interaction, and provides a generic and automatic constraint model for the so-called virtual fixtures, with no restrictive assumptions on the types of the involved assembly features.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Herbal based medicines are used for the treatment o f many diseases from ancient times while pharmaceutical chemistry is recently developed. Us ually Herbal medicines have been delivered orally in both animals and human. Targeted drug-de livery systems currently more common for the treatment of most life threatening diseases suc h as cancers. In addition to drug eluting devices many nano based devices delivering active p harmaceutical ingredients or herbal based extracts or particles are growing in demand and the y have been approved by FDA and other regulatory bodies. This mini review intends to over vi w role of nanofibers for the delivery of herbal ingredients and natural plant based extract for the biomedical applications. INTRODUCTION Natural products have been used for the treatment of both human and animals diseases since ancient time in India, ancient China, Egypt, Africa and America. Pharmaceutical chemistry and chemical analysis developed in the early 19 century and they started the extraction and modification of herbal ingredients including plant based natural extracts [1-2]. Today herbal medicines in their novel formulations such as nanoparticles, microemulsions, matrix systems, solid dispersions, liposomes and SLNs, nanomicellar system, nanotubes, and colloidal nanogels have been developed to be used alone as well as in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents [1,3-4]. In addition, the current focus of pharmaceutical researchers is towards design, characterization and development of targeted drug delivery systems for herbal medicines to enhance their effect, response and deliver require quantity of drug to targeted diseased area [5-11]. The challenges with herbal drugs delivery such as smashing of some constitutes of herbal drugs in the highly acidic pH of the stomach and metabolization of some constituents by liver prevent the optimum quantity of the herbal drugs to reach the blood [1,12]. Nano Carriers promote their candidature for herbal remedies to deliver required amount of herbal drugs to targeted diseased area overcoming all the obstacles related to deliver their optimum quantity due to their small size and increased surface area. Sharma et al reported [1] that novel nano drug delivery systems for herbal remedies offer (i) reduction in bulk doses; (ii) delivery at the targeted diseased area for major life threatening diseases;(iii) ease and comfort to patients over the traditional available formulation such as large doses but less effective; (iv)ability to deliver high concentrations of drugs to disease sites due to their unique size and high loading capacities and persist at the sites for the longer periods; (v)


Under the authority of the Dutch minister of transport and public works measures are being drawn up, as part of the so-called "randstad accessibility plan", for the optimisation and extension of the road network in this congested conurbation in the western part of the country. The aim of this is to protect commercial traffic between the economical centres of the country against delay. A solution to this problem in the road engineering field can be obtained by rapid execution of so-called "knit-on" constructions (road enlargements). Initial research yielded four geotechnical and three constructional possibilities. Although research into the feasibility of these alternatives has yet to be begun, it is still useful, considering the very short time allowed for the completion of the accessibility plan, to discuss these possibilities on road engineering study days. (TRRL)


A comparative study of the laws of magnetic attitude control is presented for a spin-stabilized satellite having a control coil of axis parallel to the spin axis. Different possibilities are investigated for the d.c. pulses in the coil which are activated from the ground on routine orders. In order to bring the spin axis to any desired direction in inertial space, (rate of controlled drift considered slow compared to orbital mean motion) one type of order (consisting of switching on a step pulse of given polarity and inverting it after a quarter of the orbital period) is very flexible and especially suitable for near-polar orbits. The effects of orbital eccentricity and of nonpolarity of the earth's magnetic dipole also are included. Physical representations are given which directly permit the drawing of practical conclusions. It is found that it is possible to drift to any desired orientation; indeed, should a degenerative situation occur, resort still can be made to the appropriate type of signal or, advantage may be taken of the orbital eccentricity, at suitable times within the day.


This study is aimed to examine the prospective teachers' opinions about the level of using the knowledge and skills they have learned within the scope of professional knowledge and field education. The research process was designed in accordance with the cross-sectional survey model. This basic research question was sought: How are the prospective teachers' opinions (feelings and thoughts) about the level of using and synthesizing the knowledge and skills they learned in scope of professional knowledge and field education? A questionnaire developed by the researcher was applied to 148 prospective teachers in the education faculty of a state university. The collected quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 20 program. The findings were evaluated according to the collected data. According to the findings, it was determined that the prospective teachers could not use all lessons in professional knowledge and in field education. It was also determined that they could not use the knowledge and skills in the scope of field education within the scope of professional knowledge. Finally, it was determined that the prospective teachers' opinions (feelings and thoughts) about the level of using the knowledge and skills they received in the scope of professional knowledge in the field education differ according to the departments. Depending on the results, it was determined that professional knowledge and field education should be designed as a synthesized discipline rather than different departments in teacher education. Article visualizations:


I am grateful for the invitation to address the Association for Social Anthropology in Oceania (ASAO) as its Distinguished Lecturerespecially since my relation to Pacific scholarship has always been rather unprofessional, or at least spotty. I like to think of myself as an amateurin a sense that comes through best in the French amateur, one who loves. Someone who cultivates a study or art from taste or attraction rather than professionally. (I pass over another meaning, more prominent in the English language dictionaries: 'a person who does something more or less unskillfully.') So I address you as a non-specialist, amateur of the Pacifica fellow-traveler perhaps, in that vast space. But while I may not have much new to say, for this audience, about Island Pacific societies or histories, I may be able to suggest ways that the region and some of its distinctive problems and theorists have been generative for thinking about broad issues: the nature and diversity of indigeneity today, scale-making in various globalizing socio-cultural processes, the inventive dynamism of tradition, and the question of what might be called differential historicities. By that I mean ways of telling large scale stories about where wealways a contested pronounhave come from and are going, separately and together. Preparing this talk has made me realize how much of what I find most useful for thinking through our current utopic/dystopic moment has come from the Pacificfrom a uniquely rich scholarly fusion of ethnography with history, and from inspirational scholars, writers, activists and studentssome, but not all of whom, I'll be able to mention tonight. So I offer this address in a spirit of gratitude. But also, I confess, with a certain irritation. When I was contacted about doing the lecture, I thought: 'Ah ASAO. An exotic locale. Preferably in Hawaii, or at least Southern Californiasomewhere near a beach with warm water.' Well, I hope foggy Santa Cruz seems exotic enough to you at least. Lacking my usual excusethat a trip away from home would be too disruptive in the midst of a hectic academic termI yielded to my election. But I said that I couldn't, for lack of time, come up with something really appropriate to the Pacific, so I would need to speak from my current research on indigenous heritage politics in Alaska. No doubt the general issues would resonate.


h e fi rst English printer was William Caxton , who learnt the fl edgling art of creating books through movable type on the Continent and set up a printing press in Westminster in 1476. More than 100 years later, Christopher Marlowe's writings began to appear in print, the fi rst of these an edition of the two parts of Tamburlaine in 1590. We cannot be sure that this printing was, in fact, Marlowe's earliest: editions of individual plays were typically issued in cheap, unbound paper format and were sometimes read to death as they were passed from one consumer to another, so that copies failed to survive into the present. But we can be sure that the printed Tamburlaine was popular: it was reprinted in 1592, 1597, 1605–6, and after. During the late sixteenth century, printed playbooks were usually issued only after a play had been successful on stage; they were designed to extend the play's afterlife to an audience of readers who could peruse the printed version and recapture some of the é lan of watching it in the theatre. However, printing plays that had recently been acted was a new enough practice that many would-be readers found it disconcerting. Contemporaries complained that the playbooks were drab and still, lacking the 'soule of lively action' that animated plays in performance. 1 One of the things that made Marlowe popular on stage was his ability to ravish and amaze audiences by dramatising fascinatingly horrifi c spectacles like mass murder or the conjuring of demons, spectacles that 'balanced on the nervous razor edge between transcendent heroism and dangerous blasphemy', creating what I have elsewhere termed the 'Marlowe eff ect'. 2 h is chapter will contend that early printers of Marlowe sought devices beyond the mere reproduction of the language of the plays to keep the 'Marlowe eff ect' alive in their editions , specifi cally in the early printed editions of Tamburlaine and Doctor Faustus . Printing on paper is to us now an increasingly outmoded and vanishing technology. But when it was new in the late fi fteenth century it aroused strong emotions of fear and wonder: how was it possible, in an chapter two


This paper describes fiqh mu'āmalah content in Friday sermons at the Great Mosque of Kauman Semarang to understand the dialectics between the mosque as a ritual space and the market as an economic space. This paper's data are in the form of 51 sermons delivered in 2015 from January 1 to December 31, 2015, and interviews with the foundation, ta'mīr , and the preachers. This paper shows that Friday sermons' characteristics at the mosque are reflected in their preachers' diversity, both in terms of educational background, scientific fields, organizational affiliations, and professions. This paper finds that fiqh mu'āmalah's content has not become the point of attention of the preachers. This finding is proven by the absence of a sermon theme on fiqh mu'āmalah ( mu'āmalah madiyah ). The topic that appeared in Friday's sermon was related to Islamic economics's ethical principles and business-related to mu'āmalah adabiyah . The minimal content of fiqh mu'āmalah or economic fiqh in the Friday sermon of the mosque reflects the low intensity of the mosque's dialectics as a ritual space with the market as an economic space. The Friday sermon at this mosque still does not pay more attention to the jamā'ah of Johar market seller as the essential segment.


If this is your first introduction to Art History, here are some resources to help you successfully navigate your first survey course!


We demonstrate the Monte Carlo calculation of multidimensional tunnel splittings in the water trimer without the use of explicit nodal approximations. The calculations are made for the three-dimensional torsional model of the nonbonded hydrogen atom motions. We employ the projection operator imaginary time spectral evolution (POITSE) method, which requires specification of a set of projector operators. The permutation symmetry leading to exchange tunneling is incorporated into these projectors directly. We analyze the optimal choice of the real space vibrational coordinates with a comparative study of local vs nonlocal symmetry-adapted nuclear coordinates. Extraction of the lowest four sets of tunneling states yields good agreement with available discrete variable representation calculations.


Single‐dose pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and multiple‐dose PK modeling were compared for long‐acting octreotide (20 or 60 mg) and prolonged‐release lanreotide (90 or 120 mg) over 91 days; steady‐state profiles were simulated. All treatments were well tolerated. Octreotide 20‐mg profile showed increased concentration on day 1, lag from days 2 to 6, then prolonged plateau phase (days 11–41); 60‐mg PK was dose proportional. Lanreotide 90‐mg profile showed Cmax on day 1 then elimination (apparent t1/2 25.5 days); 120‐mg profile was underproportional. Steady‐state PK of octreotide 20 mg/28 d suggested a Cmean of 1216 pg/mL (range, 1065–1585) with low fluctuation index (43%). Steady‐state PK of lanreotide 90 mg/28 d suggested a Cmean of 4455 ρg/mL (range, 2499–9279) with high fluctuation index (152%). Long‐acting octreotide had more predictable PK than prolonged‐release lanreotide. Simulated steady‐state profiles suggest long‐acting octreotide could be optimized to meet individual patient needs. In contrast, prolonged‐release lanreotide requires exposure constantly above the therapeutic target to enable monthly longterm therapy.


Google app market captures the school of thought of users via ratings and text reviews. The critique's viewpoint regarding an app is proportional to their satisfaction level. Consequently, this helps other users to gain insights before downloading or purchasing the apps. The potential information from the reviews can't be extracted manually, due to its exponential growth. Sentiment analysis, by machine learning algorithms employing NLP, is used to explicitly uncover and interpret the emotions. This study aims to perform the sentiment classification of the app reviews and identify the university students' behavior towards the app market. We applied machine learning algorithms using TF-IDF text representation scheme and the performance was evaluated on ensemble learning method. Our model was trained on Google reviews and tested on students' reviews. SVM recorded the maximum accuracy(93.37%), Fscore(0.88) on trigram+TF-IDF scheme. Bagging enhanced the performance of LR and NB with accuracy of 87.80% and 85.5% respectively.


Even though fourteen improved varieties of small cardamom have been released in India so far, many of the farmers in the traditional cardamom tracts still use farmer selected landraces as planting material and hence the importance of landraces is not questionable. Four new landraces of small cardamom identified from Idukki district of Kerala State of India namely Pulari, Pappalu, Kalarikkal Bold and Arjun were evaluated along with Njallani Green Gold (popular landrace) and ICRI-2 (improved variety released by Indian Cardamom Research Institute) for growth, yield and quality characters. Eight growth characters, eight yield characters and eleven quality characters were analyzed for the purpose and all of them except two yield characters showed statistically significant variation indicating the occurrence of significant genotypic difference between these landraces. A comparative analysis of overall performance of the four landraces was also carried out and the results showed that Pappalu, Kalarikkal Bold and Pulari performed significantly superior to Njallani Green Gold and ICRI-2, the controls. Pappalu showed 132.22 per cent increase in yield over Njallani Green Gold and 158.02 per cent over ICRI-2. The cumulative performance indices of all the new landraces were worked out and the landrace Pappalu had the highest performance index of 30.06 followed by Kalarikkal Bold (27.45), Arjun (25.57) and Pulari (24.14). All the four new landraces have been found to be superior to ICRI-2 while Pappalu, Kalarikkal Bold and Pulari showed superiority over Njallani Green Gold, under preliminary evaluation.


Brake lining of a disk brake of a rail vehicle, with a) several friction elements (1) fixed to a support plate (2), b) having, in each case, a support metal reinforcement (4 ) and a metallic friction lining (3) fixed thereto, c) with an expected damping element between each friction element (1) and the support plate (2) for reducing the transmission of acoustic vibrations, characterized in that d) the damping element consists of a buffer layer (6) reducing vibration, high temperature resistant and transmitting transverse forces, e) made up of individual layers of different materials.


PURPOSE: To simplify X-ray shading against a light-sensitive sensor by containing an inlet surface cut obliquely in fibers to decrease an image area projected to the inlet surface and an outlet surface of a fiberous optical device bonded optically to the inlet surface. CONSTITUTION: An X ray beam 4 produced at an X ray origin 1 equipped with an anode 2 is narrowed by a diaphram 6 for irradiating a subject. Shadow image of the subject is projected on a luminescent layer 10 for converting an X-ray amount into an amount of light. Then, luminescent light produced within the luminescent layer 10 is projected to fibers in such a way that an optical image agreed with a projected X-ray image is transmitted to a light-sensitive sensor 14 arranged on a front surface of an output surface 15 in a fibrous optical device. The luminescent layer 10 is laminated directly on an inlet surface 12 of the fibrous optical device. The light-sensitive sensor 14 is bonded directly to the output surface 15 of the fibrous optical device. And, a cut angle a is set in such a way that a length L of the X-ray image projected on a luminescent layer 10 is decreased to an optical image 1 projected on the sensor 14 by fibers 24. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Chloride-induced corrosion is one of the major deterioration phenomena of Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures worldwide, especially in marine atmosphere. When chloride ions ingress into RC structures by diffusion process, they severely damage the structures in the form of cracking, spalling or delamination which reduce the life span of existing RC structures and warrant untimely expensive repair as well. In coastal areas, RC structures deteriorate seriously only due to chloride attack. In recent years, study in purpose to control penetration of chloride inside concrete structures got emphasis and researchers are approaching with innovative ideas but radical results from construction material side not appeared yet. Thus, this study focused on using ion exchange resin in concrete structures which has wonderful ability to absorb and bind chloride ions. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of Ion Exchange Resin (IER) for chloride absorption and binding when used in concrete structures exposed to marine atmosphere. Now a day, there are some commercially available anion exchange resins which have excellent ion exchange and binding capacity. This paper will examine, how ion exchange resin combining with cement mortar , could be a potentially effective option to bind chloride and reduce chloride induced corrosion in RC structures. A number of immersion tests were conducted using mortar specimens of different types of cement. The mortar specimens of 10cmX10cmX8cm size were prepared which contained different percentage of resin by volume. The prepared specimens were immersed into 10% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for one day and then exposed in drying condition for 6 days. This cycle was repeated for a specific time regime. Then chloride contents at different depths in all specimens were measured for each time regime. The test results signify the potential enhancement of chloride absorption and binding into the concrete by the resin admixture. This potential uses of resin into cement matrix could be a good option for real RC structures for mitigating the chloride induced corrosion


The description of the manipulations is full and intelligible. He gives the physiological effects as produced by each manipulation, and by massage as a whole. He affirms that tactile sensation is improved, that the sensibility of the skin to electrical currents is greatly increased, that the general body temperature is temporarily raised, respiration increased in depth and frequency, and that in general we have an addition to the body weight. He states that the red blood corpuscles are increased in number, but he believes that this may be due to the excessive elimination of fluid by the kidney, producing a denser condition of the blood. The


The effect of biofertilizer on the assimilation of mineral nutrition and yield of replanted strawberry cultivars 'Darselect' were studied in this paper.The results showed that applying biofertilizer could increase content of availble N,P and K of soil significantly,promote replanted strawberry to assimilate mineral nutrition,and improve the yield of strawberry(P0.05).The yeild of strawberry was most applying 37.5 kg/hm2 biofertilizer in all treatments.


1 2 Development of an improved selective and differential medium 3 for the isolation of Salmonella spp. 4 5 Sang-Hyun Park, Sangryeol Ryu, and Dong-Hyun Kang 6 7 Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 8 Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, 9 Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea 10 11


The authors discuss the shortcomings of the state cadastral valuation. Describe the problems caused by inaccurate results of the assessment of the position of the legislator, show what is the public interest. They offer guidance on determining the fair value of inventory of land and capital construction projects, the formation of a new methodology for assessing the facilities and the examination of reports on inventory valuation.


Irrational use of drugs is still found in Puskesmas which is the First Level Health Facilities. The use of irrational drugs based on appropriate drugs and precise indications. In the use of various types of drugs there may be an irrationality of treatment, one of which is hypertension.This study aims to determine the antihypertensive drugs used in Pelambuan Puskesmas Banjarmasin and to determine the percentage of rationality of hypertension treatment at Pelambuan Puskesmas Banjarmasin. evaluating the rationale for the use of antihypertensive drugs that include the accuracy of indication, drug, dose, patient, mode of administration, and duration of administration in hypertensive patients at Puskesmas Pelambuan Banjarmasin during 2017. This type of research was descriptive non-experimental research with retrospective data retrieval based on medical records of hypertensive patients in 2017. The population in this study amounted to 333 medical records and the number of samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria as much as 37 medical records. The tools / instruments in this study were observation sheets and interview sheets. The results of the research on antihypertensive drugs used in Pelambuan Banjarmasin Health Center were amlodipine, nifedipine, captopril, lisinopril. The results of the evaluation of the rationality of the use of antihypertensive drugs were seen based on the exact indication criteria as many as 18 patients (48,65%), right medication as many as 18 patients (48,65%), right dose of 17 patients (45,95%), right patients as many as 33 patients (89,19%), the exact method of administration was 31 patients (83,79%), and the exact duration of administration was 22 patients (59,46%).


In this paper, a gene regulatory network mediated by small noncoding RNA involving two time delays and diffusion under the Neumann boundary conditions is studied. Choosing the sum of delays as the bifurcation parameter, the stability of the positive equilibrium and the existence of spatially homogeneous and spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions are investigated by analyzing the corresponding characteristic equation. It is shown that the sum of delays can induce Hopf bifurcation and the diffusion incorporated into the system can effect the amplitude of periodic solutions. Furthermore, the spatially homogeneous periodic solution always exists and the spatially inhomogeneous periodic solution will arise when the diffusion coefficients of protein and mRNA are suitably small. Particularly, the small RNA diffusion coefficient is more robust and its effect on model is much less than protein and mRNA. Finally, the explicit formulae for determining the direction of Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bi...


A nanometer-resolution displacement measurement instrument based on tunable cavity frequency-splitting method is presented. One beam is split into two orthogonally polarized beams when anisotropic element inserted in the cavity. The two beams with fixed frequency difference are modulated by the movement of the reflection mirror. The changing law of the power tuning curves between the total output and the two orthogonally polarized beams is researched, and a method splitting one tuning cycle to four equal parts is proposed based on the changing law, each part corresponds to one-eighth wavelength of displacement. A laser feedback interferometer (LFI) and piezoelectric ceramic are series connected to the sensor head to calibrate the displacement that less than one-eighth wavelength. The displacement sensor achieves to afford measurement range of 20mm with resolution of 6.93nm.


People with some disability have worse health prognosis due to biological complications, inadequate access to health ser-vices, higher economic expenses, and difficulties in the communication of sensations and perceptions. Therefore, therapeutic strategies and the knowledge generated through scientific research are useful to improve their quality of life. This review addresses the most relevant issues for professionals who are interested in this field, offering the most accepted definition with its implications up to the description of the conditions that should be considered when giving a treatment, conducting research, raising public policies, modifying the health schemes, and availability of supports, among others. For this, the different domains of intellectual capacity, as well as the affected biological systems, are presented to carry out practical actions and generate objective knowledge that enhances the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities.


The system described in Part I of this article ("Remote control gets closer", Spring 2006 issue of Electronics Education) is suitable when we only need to switch one thing on or off remotely, but if we need to control several output devices or to respond to several input signals, then a more sophisticated approach is needed.


The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in consumers' and restaurant owners' perceptions of delivery apps before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to provide useful information on government institutions' policymaking or restaurant owners and prospective entrepreneurs preparing to start a restaurant. To this end, big data was collected and analyzed from Blogs and Cafes provided by Naver, Google, and Daum under the keyword of "Baemin", a representative delivery platform. The collection period was five years and seven months before and after the pandemic, and the analysis was conducted on 13,130 cases excluding duplicate or unavailable data. TEXTOM 5.0 and UCINET 6 were used for analysis, and Word Cloud analysis, network analysis, CONCOR analysis, and centrality analysis were used for analysis techniques. According to Word Cloud analysis, after the pandemic, traditional delivery food "chicken" was not included in the top keywords of frequency, but "menu", "order", and "review" appeared at the top, indicating that consumers are interested in various "menus" through "reviews". According to the network analysis results, keywords showing a strong connection with the keyword "Baemin" were "Service", "Payment", "App", "Possible", "Card", "Fee", and "Food" while new keywords were "Hyundai Card", "Cashwork", "Gift Certificate", "Coupangeats", and "Platform". This means that demand for delivery food is increasing, and competition in the delivery food market is intensifying with the advent of the new delivery platform Coupangeats, and consumers' demands for delivery food are diversifying. CONCOR analysis shows that, unlike before the pandemic, four main clusters and one subcluster were clearly formed after the pandemic. This is seen as a result of reflecting consumers' increased expectations for delivery apps. According to the results of the centrality analysis, keywords such as "service", "review", "menu", "commission", and "platform" appeared at the top after the pandemic. This is seen as a result of reflecting the increasing demand for "menu" selection through "review" search and high-end "service" delivery, not just food delivery. The implications of this study are of academic significance in that it has identified changes in the perception of delivery apps more comprehensively and objectively through SNS big data, not through a survey method. Based on the results of the study, delivery app operators and restaurant owners (founders) will need to cultivate a management mind for co-prosperity and establish a system that actively responds to the needs of changed consumers. In addition, the government should make more efforts to prevent the monopolization of feared delivery app operators and establish a system that can coexist with restaurant owners.


Non-reacting experiments and numerical simulations were performed to investigate the mixing characteristics of gaseous fuel injection located upstream of a flameholding cavity in supersonic vitiated air flow with stream Mach number 1.7.Using helium as simulated fuel,the acetone vapor is adulterated into the fuel jet.The fuel distribution in spanwise and streamwise direction is imaged by the planar laser-induced fluorescence(PLIF) measurement.According to the similarity of experimental observations with different cavities,a typical L/D=7 cavity with aft wall angle 45° is chosen and the flowfield with the injection is calculated by Large Eddy Simulation.Experimental and numerical results have shown that most of the fuel flows away upon the open cavity with the lifting counter-rotating vortex structures induced by the transverse jet.Only a small portion of the fuel is convected into the cavity shear layer by the vortex interaction of the jet with cavity shear layer,and then transported into the cavity interior due to the cavity shear layer motion.


Sinusitis and rhinitis are common diseases for which patients seek medical attention. Alternative therapies constitute a multibillion‐dollar industry despite poorly established efficacy and safety profiles. This study was designed to identify and grade the evidence for alternative therapies purported to treat sinusitis and rhinitis.


The current-driven, ion-acoustic instability was investigated by means of an experiment performed in a collisionless plasma produced in a single-ended Q-machine. Reflections at the ends of the plasma column gave rise to a standing wave. Parameters of the instability were investigated, and it was demonstrated that the fluctuations in the plasma column behave as a classical Van der Pol oscillator. Accurate measurements of the growth rate of the instability can be performed by making explicit use of the particular properties of such a system.


*Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com 1Present address: Main Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad 580 005 Species of Trichoderma, in particular T. harzianum and T. viride, are known to control a wide variety of plant pathogens (1). Despite considerable studies on the general growth of Trichoderma spp. on solid substrates and in liquid fermentation, there are still some researchable areas like the types of propagules produced in different conditions, including media constituents, and information on shelf-life of conidia, desiccation tolerance and biocontrol efficacy of the fungi produced under various conditions. Mass production technology for these fungi is still being fine-tuned as emphasis is now being given to solve the problems of desiccation tolerance, shelf-life, field performance and the like during the production phase itself.


The opening of the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in April 2015 marked the culmination of a long and turbulent journey for Singapore's natural history collection. Once the pride of the Raffles Museum and the core of a regional research hub, the collection was almost dismantled during the early years of Singapore's independence, remaining intact thanks only to the commitment of a handful of individuals. It is this intriguing tale that Kevin Y.L. Tan sets out to narrate in Of Whales and Dinosaurs, the publication of which coincided with the new museum's launch. While other scholars — such as Gretchen Liu, in her wellknown One Hundred Years of the National Museum (1987) — have investigated the history of the Raffles Museum and its successor institutions, this book is the most in-depth treatment of the natural history collection to date. Through ten chronological chapters, Tan follows the display and research collections from their beginnings in the mid-nineteenth century to the present, structuring the narrative around individuals who made significant contributions to their development. We therefore learn a great deal about the lives and achievements of the curators, directors and scientists whose careers intersected with the natural history collections — from Thomas Stamford Raffles to current museum head Peter Ng — and their efforts to build or preserve what Tan describes as "the closest thing Singapore has to a national treasure" (p. xix). Tan condenses his account of the vicissitudes of the Raffles Museum's existence into the first half of the book, and devotes the second to the post-independence years. These latter chapters are particularly illuminating. Tan's meticulous research, comprising interviews and unprecedented access to archival material, reveals the full extent of the threats to the collection after its expulsion from the National Museum, and the toll taken by repeated moves among


Atmospheric aerosols have several adverse effects on human health and also affect the global radiative balance. These impacts depend mainly on particle size and chemical composition. The size and composition of particles depends on the multiplicity of emission sources, both natural and anthropogenic, the physical and chemical processes that lead to their formation, and the atmospheric transport and dispersion conditions. Since all these factors vary substantially with time and space, the complex scientific knowledge behind all these processes still contains many gaps. Regional background stations provide the opportunity to study aerosol formation and transformation processes in the lower troposphere without the interference of local anthropogenic emissions. Additionally, when these stations are located at high elevations, they are especially suitable for identifying natural and anthropogenic aerosols transported over long distances. A sampling campaign was carried out between March 2014 and September 2015 at a high altitude site located at Mt. Aitana in southeastern Spain (38°39 ́ N; 0°16 ́ W; 1558 m a.s.l.). More than 150 daily samples were collected using a high-volume sampler (Digitel, 820 m/day) and analysed by ion chromatography, EDXRF and a thermal-optical method for the determination of major ions, elements and carbonaceous species (organic and elemental carbon), respectively. Back trajectories of air masses arriving at Mt. Aitana were calculated using the HYSPLIT model developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (Draxler and Rolph, 2003). Table 1 summarises the mean concentrations of chemical PM10 components for north Atlantic, African and regional episodes observed during the studied period.


Introduced the characteristics of drawing isoline by Surfer software,described the methods of adding Surfer application,implement of analysis on isoline(iso-surface) of weather data from regional automatic weather station,graphic display and network sharing.With operational system of analytical application on isoline(iso-surface) of rainfall in Qin river valley as the example,the drawing method of isoline on weather data based on B/S structure was introduced.


This paper introduces the flight dynamics operations of KOMPSAT-2, and summarizes the long-term orbital evolution and maintenance throughout the 5 years. In case of KOMPSAT-2, orbit determination, orbit prediction, and fuel estimation is carried out on a daily basis. And, most routine tasks are fully automated in order to reduce the human error, and to maximize the operational efficiency. With the operational results from daily activities, the orbital characteristics is examined and compared with theoretical orbit variation. In this paper, the orbital overlapping solution has been examined in order to check the accuracy level of the precise orbit determination. Using the 20 IGS station data and broadcasting GPS ephemeris as well as GPS pseudo-range and carrier phase data from KOMPSAT-2 flight data, the POD accuracy satisfies approximately 2-3 meter RSS in one sigma. This paper also describes the recent orbit maneuver activities, which includes maneuver planning, execution, and its evaluation. The objective of orbit maneuver was to change the LTAN (local time of ascending node) indirectly with inclination offset from ideal sun-synchronous orbit. The total 17 times thruster firings were successfully executed, and the results of orbit maneuver were almost same as initially planned and expected.


The following paper discusses the development of the work-flow that can be used in practice for the urban environmentally-efficient attraction points design and restoration. We developed the work-flow on the basis of the example of the design of canal district restoration in the heart of the city of Bangkok. The reference concept was developed in the scope of the International Workshop of Ur-ban and Architectural Design X edition, organized by Politecnico di Milano and Chulalongkorn University. The design ideas developed in this project are present in the study. In this article we discuss the importance of water districts restoration from environmental, social and economic points of view. The introduction of the work-flow of the canal district design that has its aim to meet the existing urban context and all the important requirements is important for designers and urban planners, since it can help to resolve a number of questions that have to be properly studied. The importance of introduction of GIS and digital twin technologies to the landscape restoration projects is as well discussed.


Pancreatic islets from adult donors were transplanted intraportally into 32 inbred, adult AGUS rats with streptozotocin diabetes. The islets were isolated with collagenase and counted individually. A relationship between the number of islets transplanted and the metabolic response could be demonstrated. Transplantation of less than 200 islets did not change the diabetic state. Rats receiving 200-220 improved, while recipients of 240-800 islets all exhibited normal values of blood glucose, plasma insulin, urine volume and urine glucose. The glucose tolerance, however, remained abnormal in all animals.


OBSERVATIONS TOGETHER WITH LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION MODELING. M. N. Hughes, R. E. Arvidson, J. A. Grant, S. A. Wilson, and A. D. Howard, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (firstname.lastname@example.com), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA


Traditionally, quality issues and productivity problems have been addressed individually. This is inefficient because all the issues are interdependent and should be integrated for quality improvement and productivity maximization. A decision support system framework integrating all major aspects of manufacturing decisions for continuous quality and productivity has been developed. The principal focus of this research is to develop a methodology to reduce factory defects by minimizing the variability of quality attributes around a target. The ideas presented in this research are based on the author's experience with a local manufacturing company.
A ranking method involving preference (based on employee experience) to cost ratio has been developed for planning sequential experimentation. The sequential experimentation is interfaced with Evolutionary Management Information System (EMIS) for storing data related to significant factors. The flexible database which is part of the EMIS can be used to support analytical methods related to control action implementation. A strategy describing the use of simulation to aid in cost benefit analysis for continuous improvement has been discussed.


In recent years, novel view synthesis methods has been proposed and combined with many models in different computer vision tasks. Previous works solve the problem by using additional 3D information. In this paper, a novel view synthesis method is proposed based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), named PTGAN. PTGAN generates new views by specifying keypoints of vehicles from other views. This makes the pose transformation of vehicle practical when 3D information is unavailable. The proposed PTGAN first extracts identity-related and pose-unrelated feature representations from input images and then concatenates the representation with the pose information to generate the fake image with the assigned pose to deal with the pose variation problem. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves very competitive results to the existing view synthesis methods.


Semitic epigraphy has to deal with documents comparatively few of which are of great intrinsic interest. Such finds as the Mesha stone, the record of the making of the Siloam tunnel, or the Zenglrli inscriptions are unfortunately as yRt es:ceptional. The sameness of the Semitic inscriptions, however, rendered them all the more capable of being dealt with satisfactorily in a handbook, while it emphasized the need of such a manual. The construction of a handbook could not be undertaksen hopefully till the labors of many skilled workers had prepared the way. It was the great work of Boeckh that made it possible for Franz2 to provide students with a manual which, whatever its imperfections, was for many years indispensable to the student of Greek epigraphy, until its place was taken by the manuals of Reinach,3 Hinrichs, and Larfeld.4 Even in English we now have PartI of E. S. Roberts's Introductionto(9reekEpxgraphy (1887), and, for Latin, J. C. Egbert's useful Introduction to the £;tudy of Latin Inscriptions (1896) . When so much attention had been given to Semitic inscriptions,, it may seem strange that we had to wait so long for a


Pastoralism Vol. 1 No. 2 Dr Simone Rettberg (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) is currently senior lecturer and research associate at the Department of Geography, Free University Berlin, Germany © Practical Action Publishing, 2010, www.practicalactionpublishing.org doi: 10.3362/2041-7136.2010.014, ISSN: 2041-7128 (print) ISSN 2041-7136 (online) Contested narratives of pastoral vulnerability and risk in Ethiopia's Afar region SIMONE RETTBERG


Abstract : Air-bearing-based spacecraft simulators are widely used to develop and verify spacecraft control techniques required by modern spacecraft applications. To create a spacelike environment with ground spacecraft simulators, the effects of gravity should be minimized. For a spherical air-bearing system with 3 rotational degrees of freedom, the center of rotation of the spacecraft simulator should be exactly aligned with the center of gravity. This paper presents the automatic mass balancing method, which compensates for the center of gravity offset from the center of rotation by actuating three proof masses on linear motion stages. Adaptive control of the automatic mass balancing system is used while the balancing masses are actuated in real time. The proposed techniques are implemented on the ground-based three-axis spacecraft simulator for the bifocal relay mirror spacecraft.


Decode-and-forward (D-F) and compress-and-forward (C-F) are two fundamentally different relay strategies proposed by (Cover and El Gamal, 1979). Individually, either of them has been successfully generalized to multi-relay channels. In this paper, to allow each relay node the freedom of choosing either of the two strategies, we propose a unified framework, where both the D-F and C-F strategies can be employed simultaneously in the network. It turns out that, to fully incorporate the advantages of both the best known D-F and C-F strategies into a unified framework, the major challenge arises as follows: For the D-F relay nodes to fully utilize the help of the C-F relay nodes, decoding at the D-F relay nodes should not be conducted until all the blocks have been finished; However, in the multi-level D-F strategy, the upstream nodes have to decode prior to the downstream nodes in order to help, which makes simultaneous decoding at all the D-F relay nodes after all the blocks have been finished inapplicable. To tackle this problem, nested blocks combined with backward decoding are used in our framework, so that the D-F relay nodes at different levels can perform backward decoding at different frequencies. As such, the upstream D-F relay nodes can decode before the downstream D-F relay nodes, and the use of backward decoding at each D-F relay node ensures the full exploitation of the help of both the other D-F relay nodes and the C-F relay nodes. The achievable rates under our unified relay framework are found to combine both the best known D-F and C-F achievable rates and include them as special cases.


The subject of the research was the description and explanation of the role, significance and course of logistics processes in organizing a mass sports event on the example of the XII Shotokan FSKA Karate World Championships, which took place in Poland in Kowary and Karpacz on September 23-26, 2010. The purposeful selection of the sample was dictated by the subject of the study, which includes activities related to the preparation, organization and settlement of a mass sports event. A feedback model was adopted to describe and explain the functions of the organization of a mass sports event and the processes occurring in it. The analysis carried out was based on the identification of logistics processes divided into basic, supporting and management. Then a logical design of the consequences of individual activities was formulated and maps of relations between individual areas of logistics activities were designed. Networks of actions implemented were built and the earliest and latest dates of events were established. Time gaps as well as critical and strategic processes were identified. Events that initiated processes and were critical to the organization of the 12th Shotokan FSKA Karate World Championships were identified.


After numerous delays, the European Commission's second Raw Materials Communication has now been published. Initially foreseen for November 2010 under the guidance of Enterprise and Industry Commissioner Tajani, the document finally saw the light of day in February 2011, after having been more or less appropriated by the cabinet of President Barroso.

The Communication did not turn out to be quite what everyone was expecting, however. Instead of being a practical follow-up to the EU's 2008 Communication on the Raw Materials Initiative (RMI), half of the document, initially planned to be released as a separate paper, now deals exclusively with the interdependence between financial and commodity markets. This is due in no small part to a late intervention from France, who wanted to bolster its G20 priority of combating speculative behaviour on commodity markets.


Accurately estimate the initial temperature of the drive force distributing device during initial start-up for the four-wheel drive vehicle to a temperature estimation method and system of the four-wheel driving force distribution apparatus which can improve reliability of the estimation result of the running real-time temperature is disclosed. Soak time estimation step for calculating the temperature estimation method of the four-wheel driving force distribution device, and the engine temperature and outside air temperature after the vehicle ignition on, immediately before the pre-stored estimate soak time on the basis of the engine temperature at the time of ignition-off; To determine the suitability of the input soak time received from the external controller estimates soak time and soak time determination step of determining one of the input time to the final soak soak time for application to the initial temperature estimate of the four-wheel driving force distribution device; And an initial temperature estimation step of estimating, based on the temperature of the four-wheel driving force distribution device at the time of the final soak time and a pre-stored ignition-off just before calculating the initial estimated temperature of the four-wheel driving force distribution device.


Mathematical model of three dimensional steady heat transferring was established to evaluate the effects of air velocity on heat lamination height and vertical temperature distribution. Results showed that the change of air velocity has greater effect on multi-polluting heat source displacement ventilation.


Based on 24 year rotation and fertilizer experiments,the effects of rotation and fertilization on the growth,yield and water consumption of spring maize were studied. Results showed that at the same fertilization level,leaf area,yield,and biomass of continuous cropping maize were higher than rotation treatment. Under the same rotation conditions,RT—NPM had the highest leaf area,yield,and biomass,RT—NPM was the second,and RT—NP was the lowest. Yield and biomass of the three treatments were significantly different. The averaged soil water content in 0—300 cm layer decreased firstly and then increased in different development stages and eventually fell to the lowest level in the silking stage. The order of treatments,by water consumption of spring maize,was CT—NPMRT—NPMRT—NPKRT—P. The rotation maize had the highest water use efficiency,continuous cropping maize was in the second level,and RT—NP and RT—NPK were in the lowest level.


This paper presents the design of a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) system using the Optimal Control Modification (OCM) adaptation method for a general aviation aircraft. The implementation was for control of all six degrees of freedom, commanding the three aircraft angular rates and forward velocity of a Beech Bonanza, a General Aviation (GA) aircraft. The design balances the requirements of good tracking and robustness by selecting linear controller and adaptive gains that minimize the tracking error and maximizing the time delay margin. The time delay margin is critical for the GA application as the elevator actuator in the flight test aircraft has a very large (0.2 sec) delay. The designed system is shown to perform well in the nominal case and in the case of degraded control surfaces and modeling errors.


The aim was to assess symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction in women following pelvic trauma. A retrospective questionnaire survey of 24 consecutive women was performed in a tertiary referral orthopaedic centre and urogynaecology unit. Sixteen women had a type B and eight a type C pelvic fracture (Association Osteosynthesis manual classification). The median age was 24 years (11–92). Twenty‐one women were nulliparous. Sixteen women reported de novo pelvic floor dysfunction. Bladder symptoms occurred in 12, bowel problems in 11 and sexual dysfunction in 7 of 17 sexually active women. Pelvic fracture seems to be a risk factor for pelvic floor dysfunction.


This study presents the design, dynamic model, and dynamics research of a new cyclic pitch control strategy in motor-driven rotorcraft. In this strategy, the control response and flapping feature of conventional rotor systems can be obtained by imposing (1) a lag-pitch coupling on rotor blade and (2) an additional sinusoidal rotational speed of rotor shaft without any actuators or swashplate. This study establishes a refined nonlinear dynamic model including the effects of pitch motion, and figures out the fundamental dynamic characteristics of this novel configuration. Analyses of its mechanical stability, dynamic responses and stability in hover are also conducted. The model in this research, compared with the previous linear model, improves the predicting accuracies of dynamic responses remarkably. A preliminary understanding of this novel rotor's dynamic mechanisms is gained by this study.


Objective To investigate the complications of great saphenous vein varicose after intracavitary laser irradiation.Methods Totally 316 cases of great saphenous veins varicose were analyzed,who received the treatment of intracavitary laser irradiation for three years in our hospital.ResultsThe complications were as follows:the subcutaneous bleeding was in 114 case-times,the severe pain and the local funicular callous nodes along the stem of great saphenous vein in 17 case-times,the saphenous nerves damage in 89 case-times,the skin ambustion in 29 case-times,the ulcer accompanying infection in one case and the pelvic limb deep-vein thrombogenesis in one case.ConclusionThe superior advantage of intracavitary laser irradiation is the minor trauma and higher safety,though there are some complications which must be treated.


A simple and rapid analytical method for detecting interaction between loigosaccharides of glycoproteins and different lectins was studies by surface plasmon resonance using a biosensor (BIA coreTM). The interactions of three lectins, Smambucus Sieboldiana agglutinin (SSA), Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA I) and Concanavalin A (Con A) for fetuni and digested fetuins wiht glycosidases, asialo‐, agalacto‐, and aglucosamino‐fetuin, were investigated as a model system. These fetuins were immobilized to the matrix of the sensor chip and the lectins were injected into the sensor chip cartridge. The association and dissociation reactions could be monitored as resonance signals in real time. The interactions with lectins significantly changed as the oligosaccharides of fetuins were trimmed. The interactions between fetuin and SSA, asialofetuin and RCAI, and aglucosaminofetuin and Con A show the highest affinity properties, respectively. The association constants of these lectins were estimated to be 1.4 × 107, 1.9 × 108 and 5.3 × 107 (M−1), respectively. These results suggested that the interactions between lectins and glycoproteins could be well defined in real time and kinetically, and that the partial structure of oligosaccharides of glycoproteins can be estimated by determination of the interactions with various lectins after glycosidase digestions using the biosensor.


Aiming at the issue in current accounting management and the development direction of accounting management in the future, provides a integrated scheme of accounting management system based on campus network environment and mainly illustrates its design principle and implement method.This scheme presents a better solution to combine server management,user management and network accounting in campus network management.


This paper presents an approximate solution of 3D convection diffusion equation (CDE) using DQM based on modified cubic trigonometric B-spline (CTB) basis functions. The DQM based on CTB basis functions is used to integrate the derivatives of space variables which transformed the CDE into the system of first order ODEs. The resultant system of ODEs is solved using SSPRK (5,4) method. The solutions are approximated numerically and also presented graphically. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are validated by comparing the solutions with existing numerical solutions. The stability analysis of the method is also carried out.


All interpretations of theoretical systems of systems science abroad can be classified into three categories: the first one is complement theory which emphasizes on mutual complementation between systems science and classical science,with Klir,Flood and Checkland as representative figures; the second one is set theory which integrates related theories or fields with systems science,with Troncale,M'pherson and Warfield as representative figures; the third one is Mathematic methodology theory which considers system science as some mathematic methodology theory,with Bertalanffy as the representative figure.


Although overall environmental concern is rising in Kurdistan, not all environmental threats are drawing public attention. Some environmental issues have attracted public attention for a long time, while others still fail to receive much if not any attention. The main purpose of this study is to explore the ways that the Kurdistan media tries to construct environmental problems as issues through its representative national and local newspapers, namely Evro, Rudaw and War. By examining the frequencies, article impact factors, article lengths and geographic variations in these newspapers" coverage of environmental issues over a four month period, it is found that all three newspapers" coverage of environmental problems and issues have increased substantially, barring a few drawbacks such as short environmental articles and lack of in depth reports in terms of balanced coverage and consistency.


The efficient catalysis of water electrolysis using Earth-abundant materials is considered to underpin the large-scale implementation of several clean energy technologies. Here, we report the synthesis of molybdenum rich Co–Mo nanoparticles, which function as highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline aqueous solutions. The Co–Mo nanoparticles have an average diameter of approx. 3 nm, a Co:Mo ratio of approx. 1:9, and are poorly crystalline. The Co–Mo nanoparticles deposited onto Ti foil substrates at a loading of approx. 1 mg cm−2 required an overpotential of only −75 mV to produce an operationally relevant current density of −10 mA cm−2, placing them among the most highly active Earth-abundant HER catalysts in alkaline media.


Twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a major arthropod pest in greenhouses. Greenhouse producers typically use miticides to control twospotted spider mite (TSM) populations. This study, which involved two replicated experiments, was designed to assess the persistence or longevity and efficacy of translaminar miticides with the active ingredient (a.i.) etoxazole, chlorfenapyr, abamectin, and spiromesifen by applying these miticides to either butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii) or marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants, depending on the experiment, and then artificially infesting the plants with TSM. Based on percent mortality and number of live and dead TSM, several miticides provided adequate control of TSM even after having been applied to the test plants 14 days before being artificially infested with TSM. This suggests that these miticides have extended residual activity. The etoxazole 10 to 12 mm and etoxazole water-dispersible formulations provided control (greater than 85% mortality) of TSM over the course of Expt. 1 with four or less live TSM recovered from treated plants across the three evaluation times (21, 28, and 42 days). Spiromesifen, in Expt. 2, was significantly more effective against both the nymph (89% to 99.2%) and adult (37.3% to 87.9%) stages of the TSM than the other miticides and killed more nymphs (165 to 227) than the other treatments. In general, none of the miticides provided consistent or adequate control of TSM adults across all three evaluation times (49, 56, and 70 days).


Morphological aspects of the fruits, seeds and seedlings of Croton floribundus Spreng. and Croton urucurana Baill. (Euphorbiaceae) were described and illustrated, emphasizing these seedlings development.


Since domestic tourism development in Ethiopia is a missed opportunity, the main objective of this study focused on identifying and explaining reasons of domestic tourism development in the nation and its key actors. To achieve these objectives, qualitative approach with explanatory design and expert purposive sampling techniques were employed for focus group discussion and interview data gathering instruments. The qualitative data was collected from twenty private and governmental tourism experts and twenty eight domestic tourists in the form of interview and six focus group discussions with nine discussants each were analyzed. The interpretation of qualitative data was a content descriptive approach. The main result revealed that domestic tourism development in the nation has a benefit of promoting ethnic and religious tolerance, contributes to the quality of life through educational travel, retain the hard currency and brings development to rural areas. The key stakeholders of domestic tourism development in Ethiopia also include the Ministry of culture and tourism, tourism Ethiopia, Ethiopian airlines, event organizers, tourism and hospitality related associations, religious leaders, media, schools, tour operators and travel agents, universities & research institutions, consultants and hotels. Finally, based on the results of the study involvement of religious and cultural institutions and their leaders, strengthen the national tourism media forum, establishment of national domestic tourism stakeholder platform and supporting and strengthening the establishment of tourism related associations were some of the recommended points to the sustainable development of domestic tourism in the nation.


Biodiesel is adopted by many countries as a substitute to diesel and is used in blended form in a diesel engine. It has very similar properties to diesel. However, owing to slightly higher viscosity, density and nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions on burning, it still is not the best choice. Octanol, have similar properties to diesel. Octanol has added oxygen and also reduces the NOX emissions due to the quenching effect in the cylinder. However, its lower calorific value shall reduce engine performance. In the current study, waste cooking oil biodiesel is produced by a single step transesterification process and several blends of diesel, biodiesel and octanol were prepared. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and oxidation stability tests of the produced biodiesel were performed. FTIR test confirmed the presence of biodiesel. Oxidation stability test of biodiesel was also passed as the induction time in over 6 hours. Blends of diesel and octanol were prepared in proportion of diesel (95%, 90%, 85% and 80%) and octanol (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). These blends were added to 3%, 5% and 10% biodiesel. Several physico-chemical properties namely density, viscosity, calorific value, flash point and cold filter plugging point (CFPP) were determined as per ASTM standards. It is concluded that the 10% octanol, 90% diesel when mixed with 10% biodiesel showed very similar properties to diesel and shall be a viable alternative to petroleum diesel.


Abstract Changes in pasture composition over 24 years are reported for two grazed multiple‐species mixture trials on a high‐country soil. Quantified response equations (34) between different plant species ranking, vegetation types, time, fertiliser and grazing input treatments for 19 years are reported depending on whether estimation is of "species from environment" (species response from treatment variables) or "environment from species" (treatment variables from species composition). Species abundance and vegetation type were primarily determined by S and P fertiliser levels, duration of development, and only secondarily by relative stocking rate or grazing method. Species dominance and vegetation continued to change over time. Lupinus polyphyllus was dominant over most of the period at low fertiliser input levels, while Trifolium ambiguum increased steadily to dominate in the higher fertiliser input levels during the second decade, with both as sustainable pasture species options.


In addition, a campaign of documentation and research in the archives of the Superintendency was launched. Starting in 2008 attention was directed at an area that remained miraculously untouched by the systematic and extensive clearance excavations of the 1930s and 1940s carried out as part of the so-called "Operation E42" (Esposizione Universale di Roma 1942). As is well-known, the earthmoving operations associated with E42 were designed to highlight the phases of Ostia's existence that reflect its greatest splendor (the Trajanic and Hadrianic periods AD 98-138), but in practice they resulted merely in the destruction of the deposits pertaining to the last phases of the city's life (Late Antiquity).


Increasing amounts of research outputs on tuberculosis exist in print as well as in digital form;
collecting and preserving those materials serves multiple purposes; particularly the research papers
on specific disease should reach at least the researchers those working on the same area to explore
further; developing an Institutional Repository will remove the access barrier in future. This paper
reveals the experience faced while developing an Institutional archives at the Tuberculosis Research
Centre.


Abstract The low cycle fatigue response of EUROFER 97 has been investigated at different total plastic strain ranges and temperatures between 20—450°C. The cyclic behaviour has been analyzed through the decomposition of the flow stress in back stress and friction stress, and different microstructural mechanisms associated with cyclic softening were proposed to explain the differences observed in those stress components. At 20°C, the cyclic softening could be attributed to a progressively unpinning of dislocations from carbon atoms. At higher temperatures, the mechanical softening effects agree with the evolution from initially very fine martensitic laths to a coarser equiaxial cells structure. A decrease of dislocation density inside the micrograins is observed for all the temperatures, to a higher degree for higher temperatures.


Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in automotive industry due to their high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, high temperature capability and low density. In this study, the microstructural changes of Ti-10at%Mo-10at%Cr alloy on sintering process was observed to clarify alloying behavior. The sample was fabricated using powder metallurgy process with two main operations on sintering process, ie sintering in a vacuum condition at temperatures of 1573K and furnace cooling with. Microstructures were observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distribution of elements in the sample was analyzed using SEM - energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Micrograph of the samples after sintering process shows the microstructure of bright-circle structures, equiaxed structures, plate-like structures and pores. Composition of microstructures changed with the prolonging of sintering time. The microstructural change was due to diffusion of composing elements on sintering. The bright-circle and the equiaxed structure significantly decreased, while the plate-like structure increased, as sintering time increased. Moreover, the volume fraction of the pores slightly increased. On the other hand, mechanical properties of the sample, namely hardness was increased. This observations revealed that the sintering, which promotes the diffusion of alloying elements, have a significant influence on the microstructural changes.


The composition,characteristics and control mode of the automatic control system of mine drainage are introduced.The system is enabled to automatically detect and control the operation of drainage equipment,and reach the energy-saving goal.


Corpus has great potentials as a kind of advanced teaching. In China, corpus-aided translation teaching bears less fruit and there are few empirical studies of Chinese-English translation based on corpus. This paper tries to introduce the significance of self-compiled on-line corpus, the data processing, the structure of the self-compiled corpus system and its content and size to enable student translators to reduce the word stuffing, choose appropriate equivalents and appropriate collocations in the target language, and help them reduce the time spending on


This paper establishes the emulational model of SS8 electric locomotives main converter at first,presents and adopts the features extraction method based on wavelet package for the rectifying apparatus,and constructs the character vectors.At last,the SS8 electric locomotives main converter fault-diagnosis system based wavelet is established.The result shows it is very effective in the fault diagnosis.


Technology is a things that can not be separated from human life today. Technology is present as a medium of information and communication for human. Living in a digital world where technology is developing so rapidly gave a new technologies that make human activity more easy and faster. New media technologies created in society are inseparable from social constructions in societies where the technology is formed from human needs for new things that can help their daily activities. Traveloka as a form of social construction in cyberworld would like to illustrate that the presence of Traveloka application as a new media technology has answered the human need for easy information about travel services. Traveloka application with all advances in technology provides a transportation information, hotels, entertainment, and information about tourist destinations. Traveloka was born as a new media in cyberworld which make use of technological sophistication as responses of human needs. Keywords: Technology, New Media, Social Construction, Cyberworld, Traveloka


Theoretically, the development of financial sector plays a significant role in promoting economic growth due to the improved quality and quantity of financial services. However, the empirical studies found inclusive conclusions about the growth effect of financial intermediation. Unlike previous studies, this paper reinvestigates the finance-growth nexus by factoring in the threshold effect through different financial development measure, macro stability, and economic development. The panel data spans from 1980 to 2014 and covers five ASEAN countries, which includes Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. By employing the panel Granger causality test and the panel threshold regression (PTR), we found several interesting findings. First, only one measure of financial development, which is stock market capitalization, Granger causes economic growth. Meanwhile, economic growth Granger causes all measures of financial development except for stock market capitalization. The results on balance provide strong evidence of growth-led-finance view and indicate the less robustness of the finance-led-growth view. Second, financial intermediation has larger effects on economic growth at its earlier stages of development whereas financial markets exert greater effects on economic growth at the latter stages. Finally, macro stability and economic development lead to an improvement in the growth effects of financial development.


Physical model based non rigid registration algorithm describes image deformation procedures by mimicking the physical deformation properties of different substances. In this article, the diffusion model based Demons algorithm is interpreted in PDE framework as elastic and fluid model did, and is discussed on the differences and similarities between these methods. Moreover, on the basis of the established unified framework, we analyze why the deformation field is not topology preserved without additional adjustment procedure and the experimental results verify the conclusion.


A method for the simultaneous determination of Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Cu by
adsorptive voltammetry was developed using
1-phenylpropane-1-pentylsulfonylhydrazone-2- oxime as a selective
complexing agent. All five metals gave peaks that were distinctly
separated by 120–220 mV, allowing their determination over a wide
range of concentrations. The influence of pH, nature of the supporting
electrolytes, preconcentration time and applied potential were
investigated. The detection limits vary in the range 0.06–1.20 ppb,
and the RSD at a concentration level of 7.81 ppb, varies in the range
2.7–5.2%. The method was applied to natural water samples.


One of the most successful applications of digital radiography systems thusfar has been the imaging of vasculature opacified by intravenously administered contrast agents using temporal subtraction. Because the contrast in the arterial structures of interest is small as a consequence of the dilution due to the intravenous injection, it is essential that such imaging systems have high contrast sensitivity. This paper discusses means to assess the contrast sensitivity of imaging systems using iodinated phantoms and temporal subtraction. A difference image is shown demonstrating a 1 mm vessel containing 0.5 mg/cm2 of iodine, i.e. less than 1% radiographic contrast. Initial CDD results are presented. Dependence of CDD analysis on video signal level is demonstrated. The effects of x-ray scatter and image intensifier veiling glare are predicted and measured experimentally. Contrast levels in two digital fluorographic clinical procedures are estimated.


This article examines the issue of romantic relationships in the cultural production of politically-motivated prisoners during the recent Northern Irish conflict, with reference to two songs on the subject written by such prisoners: Sad Song for Susan, by republican Bobby Sands, and It's All Over, by an anonymous UDA detainee. I argue that, while most songs produced in this environment dealt with overtly political themes, the few that addressed romantic relationships also inculcated political and cultural norms, both for the prisoners and their partners. Moreover, these pieces shed light on broader ideological aspects of the respective paramilitary movement, the significance of prisoners within it and the mobilisation of broader community support around them, all of which heavily influenced cultural production. The article will contextualise how music was used to cope with and resist the demands of paramilitary imprisonment in Northern Ireland, as well as reinforce the imperatives of endurance and loyalty. I will then demonstrate that these norms were expressed in songs regarding romantic relationships, contributing to a cultural pressure upon prisoners' partners to mirror these values in the domestic sphere.


The Asian CHI symposium is an annual event organized by researchers and practitioners in Asia. The symposium aims to bring together both early-career and senior HCI academia and UX practitioners from industries in Asia and bring about cross-exchange of information and transfer of knowledge in a multidisciplinary environment and multi-socio-economic aspects of HCI research and also foster social ties and collaboration in the field of HCI. Beyond showcasing the latest Asian-inspired HCI work and those focusing on incorporating Asian sociocultural factors in their design, implementation, evaluation, and improvement, the Asian CHI Symposium 2023 is a sandbox for academically rigorous discourse platform for both HCI academic and UX practitioners to present their latest research findings and solutions that reflect the expansion of HCI theory and applications towards culturally inclusive design for diverse audiences in Asia. In addition to circulating ideas and envisioning future research in HCI, this symposium aims to foster social networks among academics (researchers and students) and practitioners and grow a research community from Asia.


Abstract It is often hypothesized that prior knowledge strongly predicts learning performance. It can affect learning positively mediated through some processes and negatively mediated through others. We examined the relation between prior knowledge and learning in a meta-analysis of 8776 effect sizes. The stability of individual differences, that is, the correlation between pretest and posttest knowledge, was high (r P + = .534). The predictive power of prior knowledge for learning, i.e., the correlation between pretest knowledge and normalized knowledge gains, was low (r NG + = −.059), almost normally distributed, and had a large 95% prediction interval [–.688, .621]. This strong variability falsifies general statements such as "knowledge is power" as well as "the effect of prior knowledge is negligible." It calls for systematic research on the conditions under which prior knowledge has positive, negative, or negligible effects on learning. This requires more experiments on the processes mediating the effects of prior knowledge and thresholds for useful levels of prior knowledge.


Pediococcus pentosaceus is a probiotic-bacterium able to confer a health benefit on the host because this bacterium can prevent the pathogen adhesion to intestinal cells as well as could tolerate bile salts, gastric and intestinal conditions. In particular, there are evidence that P. pentosaceus attenuates the severity of colitis and improve the intestinal permeability. By this reason is important stablishing the adequate conditions for the growth of probioticbacterium P. pentosaceus. The aim of the present study was evaluated the effect of temperature in shaken flasks, as well as the effect of pH and stirring speed on the growth and cell viability of P. pentosaceus using a 22 factorial design. We found that in the range of 34 to 40°C, the temperature affected the specific growth rate, biomass production and cell viability of probiotic-bacterium P. pentosaceus, being 37°C the optimum temperature condition for the culture of the bacterium. In bioreactor cultures, we observed that the stirring speed and pH not affected the biomass production and cell viability. The specific growth rate only was affected by the pH and we obtained the equation: μ = 0.95 + 0.064 pH with an R-squared value of 0.964. These findings allow establishing the conditions of suitable cultures to advantage the growth of probiotic-bacterium P. pentosaceus increasing biomass production and their cell viability.


Electro-oxidation of urazoles has been investigated in the presence of homocysteine (HCys) to provide insight into the competition of oxidative ring cleavage (ORC) of urazoles and electrocatalytic activity of unstable triazolinediones (TADs), the oxidized form of urazoles. The results reveal TADs promote HCys oxidation despite its high instability due to fast chemical kinetics of ORC. The electrocatalytic behavior of 4-phenylurazole in the presence of HCys and the ORC in the absence of HCys have been conducted over the entire range of pHs. The homogeneous oxidation reaction of HCy with TADs proceeds dramatically in the solution with pH value of 7.0 despite intensive instability of TADs in the natural pH. In addition, electrochemistry of 4-phenylurazole (4-PU) has been evaluated in presence of glutathione (GSH). The redox chemistry of 4-PU is not influenced by presence of glutathione. The voltammetric response of urazoles in HCys and GSH mixture can be utilized for the selective electrochemical detection of HCys. Further, turnover frequency (TOF) has been estimated for some urazoles. The catalytic behavior is affected by the presence of functional groups with electron-withdrawing/donating properties. The oxidative potential of urazoles and ring opening kinetic of TADs have been recognized as two main parameters affected on TOF.


Despite the modern fascination with Marlowe--particularly with his Dr. Faustus--there has been no edition of his works in the original spelling, with full textual apparatus and a detailed commentary. The Oxford English Texts Complete Works of Christopher Marlowe fills the need for a fully annotated scholarly treatment of the works. Volume I contains all his translations from classical poetry, comparing the English verse with the Latin and Greek originals. The editor discusses Marlowe's skill as a translator and his art as a poet, and provides clear explanations of all difficult expressions and obscure allusions.