The utility model discloses a stand -type self -balancing electric scooter in the wheel outside, rear wheel adopt single motor twin tires double round or wide single wheel, the wherein outside interval of two wheels of back double round or the wide 14-30cm that is of wheel of back single wheel, still include battery, dual controller, two running -boards, bar and leading steamboats, saddle, hand brake external member etc. Wherein the battery is used for driving the electrodynamic balance car, and the controller includes balance car controller and electric vehicle controller, and user's button is as required switched, two running -boards are located the both sides in the outside of back double round or back single wheel respectively, and the armrest part position of bar is located self -balancing electric scooter's front side, and the saddle is installed in the top of rear wheel. Self -balancing electric scooter is under the balance car mode, and it is unsettled to start the leading steamboat in back, under the electric motor car mode, leading steamboat falls to the ground, the saddle can be dismantled or be folding according to the user's needs, the utility model discloses make balance car, electric motor car more multi -functional, satisfy ride instead of walk the demand of car of people's amusement and short distance.


In this paper, a new data reading technique for a bus of lines is proposed for fast operation. The proposed method utilizes multiple reference voltages available within a line's receiving logic and the initial conditions of wires in order to determine early and accurately the transmitted data of the current cycle. The presented technique does not require repeater insertion for reasonably long lines and it can significantly accelerate signal propagation. Experimental results are given in the 65 nm CMOS process for interconnects of various lengths.


Abstract Copper(II) complexes of the types Cu(CR)(ClO4)2-.H2O, [Cu(CR)X](ClO4).nH2O (where X = Cl, Br, I and n = 1; X = NCS, n = 0), [Cu(CRH)](ClO4)2.H2O and [Cu(CRH)X](ClO4) (where X = Cl, Br, I) have been prepared. The ligands CR and CRH are the related four nitrogen-donor macrocycles 2,12-dimethyl-3,7,11,17-tetraazabicyclo [11.3.1]heptadeca-1(17), 2, 11, 13, 15-pentaene and meso-2, 12-dimethyl-3,7,11,17-tetraazabicyclo[11.3.1]heptadeca-1(17), 13,15-triene, respectively. All the compounds have the normal magnetic moments expected for Cu(II) complexes with S = ½. Conductance studies in methanol show that the halo-perchlorate complexes are formally five coordinate. The probable structures of the complexes in both the solid and solution are discussed in terms of their visible, infrared and e.s.r. spectra, as well as on the basis of data obtained from conventional polarography and cyclic voltammetry.


THE PUBLIC HEALTH dentist proceeds to assess the oral health status of his "patient," the State and its people, along much the same lines as does the dentist in private practice (1). First, he listens to his patient's chief complaint, and then he sizes up the patient and questions him. Next, he makes a clinical examination, using all the necessary diagnostic instruments. Finally, he records his findings so that he can analyze them and arrive at a diagnosis. The survey, whether formal or informal, is the method the public health dentist uses to make his assessment. Surveys can serve many specific purposes. They can provide an accurate basis for identifying the real, as opposed to the apparent, oral health problems (i); guide the assignment of priorities in program planning and budgeting (3); provide baseline data for future program evaluation (4-8); supply data needed in anticipation of new pro-


Results: The study subjects were 32 nurses and 37 assistants/nursing technicians. The results showed approximate averages of correct answers in the general context of the knowledge test among nurses (75.60%) and assistants/nursing technicians (76.29%). It was found out that those professionals recognize the importance of preventing the injury, assure to be performed in the units where they work, but mention difficulties.


The rate of blinking, which is the rapid closing and opening of the eyelid was studied in 24 volunteers students of both sexes, male (n=18) and female (n=6) of Delta state university medical school. Five different test modalities were used in this study, which include reading aloud a page of written prose, recounting of all meals and snacks taken in the past 24 hours, serial seven subtraction from one hundred, creation of false identity story and subject being asked about awareness of interruption of vision by blinking. Navigators have been known to use the eye blink method as a shortcut to roughly estimate distance-off. Also children with disabilities have also been known to use eye blink method to manipulate a computer. The aim of this study therefore was to find out if the eyelid can also be used as a polygraph. It was observed that the rate of blinking was lowest when a subject was focused on the paper and reading. This was used as Baseline. There was a large increase in the rate during activities which involve memory, calculation, and creating a story. This therefore can be used to detect a mental fabrication in Progress. Most subjects were not aware of the blinking activity. In conclusion: mental activities which involve memory recall, concentration and calculations and fabrications of stories increase the rate of blinking up to 25 times from the value when reading. This can be used to detect lies in an unsuspecting subject. It is therefore recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these findings be carried out.


A selection transposition algorithm is presented that allows selections that are conjunctions of predicates of the form 'column theta value' to be evaluated ahead of the least fixpoint operator while processing linear recursive queries. It is shown that the algorithm transposes the strongest possible selection.<<ETX>>


The massive consumption of energy promotes rapid economic growth, but it also unavoidably results in a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions, which seriously hinders society's green and low-carbon development. This paper aims to explore the real impact of renewable energy and digitalization on greenhouse gas emissions from an energy-related perspective using advanced panel econometrics methods based on G7 panel data for 1990–2020. Economic growth and energy efficiency are also considered as control variables. Due to the nonlinear properties of panel data, the moment quantile regression approach is utilized in this research. The findings show that slope heterogeneity is widespread, section-dependent, and has a long-term equilibrium relationship. In addition, digitalization, renewable energy, and energy efficiency can reduce energy-related greenhouse gas emissions and ease environmental pressures. Economic expansion, on the other hand, remains an important positive driver for energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. The results of this study are robust and the causal relationships between variables are tested. Based on the conclusion presented above, this study advises the G7 economies to expand investments in renewable energy and digitalization to promote energy system transformation and pave the road for global decarbonization objectives to be met.


Introduction: Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacteria causing urinary tract infection. Accurate identification of urinary isolates is highly desirable and frequently challenging. Our study aims at identifying the "atypical" phenotype of E. coli by conventional, automated, and molecular methods and studying its prevalence among all the urinary isolates of E. coli. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a teaching tertiary care hospital of Central India for 6 months during the year 2014–2015. A total of 592 urine samples were processed. Identification of different urinary isolates was done by conventional and automated methods and by molecular method in special cases. Results: Two hundred and sixty-one uropathogens were isolated during the study. Among these, 110 (42.1%) isolates were E. coli, of which 4 (3.6%) isolates were confirmed as "atypical" E. coli by automated and molecular method. Conclusions: Our study highlights the challenges in the identification of atypical urinary isolates of E. coli. Accurate identification is essential for implicating proper antibiotic treatment.


The exchange of visual information in heterogeneous networks requires image compression algorithms that provide high quality images at several spatial resolutions and bit rates. Scalable coding provides images at several resolutions and bit rates, while perceptual coding incorporates human visual system characteris- tics. This paper presents an image compression algorithm that pro- vides both scalable and perceptual coding to produce an embedded stream suitable for transmission over packet networks. Scalable and perceptual coding are combined through intraband coding of per- ceptually significant image regions. Images are segmented into smooth, edge, and detailed regions, and these regions are then independently intraband coded and included in the stream in de- creasing order of visual importance with respect to both region type and scale. Visual importance is based on the results of two psycho- physical studies analyzing sensitivity to noise in different image re- gions and their roles in recognition. Locally adaptive quantization, based on study results, is also included in the compression algo- rithm. The resulting embedded stream provides spatial scalability and region-selective coding and performs well in the presence of packet loss. © 1998 SPIE and IS&T. (S1017-9909(98)00403-6)


Abstract The anion of t-butyl-N-hydroxycarbamate displaces halogens from (η6-haloarene)(η5-cyclopentadienyliron) salts. The resulting complexes are demetallated by photolysis in sunlight to generate t-butyl-N-(aryloxy)carbamates.


At present, the classification of the hyperspectral image (HSI) based on the deep convolutional network has made great progress. Due to the high dimensionality of spectral features, limited samples of ground truth, and high nonlinearity of hyperspectral data, effective classification of HSI based on deep convolutional neural networks is still difficult. This paper proposes a novel deep convolutional network structure, namely, a hybrid depth-separable residual network, for HSI classification, called HDSRN. The HDSRN model organically combines 3D CNN, 2D CNN, multiresidual network ROR, and depth-separable convolutions to extract deeper abstract features. On the one hand, due to the addition of multiresidual structures and skip connections, this model can alleviate the problem of over fitting, help the backpropagation of gradients, and extract features more fully. On the other hand, the depth-separable convolutions are used to learn the spatial feature, which reduces the computational cost and alleviates the decline in accuracy. Extensive experiments on the popular HSI benchmark datasets show that the performance of the proposed network is better than that of the existing prevalent methods.


In the not too distant future, university students will have trouble recalling a pre-You Tube or prepodcast world. While streaming media in those formats has become ubiquitous in many areas of their lives through ease of use and dissemination, how does it factor into their learning? Should instructors in higher education utilize students' engagement with streaming media as teachable opportunities? Or, in lieu of instructors intentionally choosing to use streaming media, what about the potential for it to be imposed on them for logistical or operational reasons and the effects of that on student learning and teaching? Building upon prior work that has been done on the use of streaming media in higher education (Chang, 2007; Phillips et al., 2007; Shepherd, 2003; Foertsch et al., 2002; Brahler et al., 1999), this chapter will examine it from several instructors' perspectives with a focus on their decision-making processes, implementations, challenges, and opportunities. From their experiences, a set of grounded guidelines for using streaming media in higher education will be developed and offered as starting points for others interested in trying this in their teaching. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60960-800-2.ch008


Use macros that variable in the operation,control functions,the end of the groove width,groove depth groove,end groove path,end groove big size parameters of different variables,through the calculation and control,able to more in line with the actual process of cutting groove end programming requirement.According to the different processing groove end face slot into straight into type and processing take type two kinds,this paper enumerated the two end groove programming template.Programming mind flexibility,accuracy easy to parameter control,used in the practice process.


Summary The effect of various dietary sugars on the uptake of 1 mM leucine and 1 mM lysine by intestinal cells isolated from stock-fed and sucrose-fed rats was determined. Leucine uptake was activated by 10 mM fructose and inhibited by 10 mM glucose or 20 mM sucrose on both diets. The major dietary effect noted was a significant increase in the inhibition of leucine by glucose in the sucrose-fed rats. The uptake of lysine was minimally affected by the sugars irrespective of the diet fed. These results demonstrate an important dichotomy in the properties of glucose and fructose transport in the intestine and suggest that dietary fructose may increase the transport of certain amino acids. We wish to thank John Putney for his very valuable technical assistance.


Several ureidopurine derivatives have been tested for cytokinin activity in a soya bean callus assay system. N-(Purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)threonine (Ade-CO-Thr), a naturally occurring component of tRNA, is inactive in the assay. Analogues of Ade-CO-Thr having unmodified hydrocarbon side chains are active; optimal activity is associated with tert-butylureidopurine. In the homologous straight chain series n-butylureidopurine is the most active. Introduction of −COOH and/or −OH groups to analogues with otherwise active alkyl chains negates activity.The phenylureidopurine (PUP) derivative is barely active itself, though ortho-halogenated derivatives (o-chloro-, o-fluoro-PUP) are the most potent ureidopurines known. Biological activity decreases rapidly as the electronegative halide is moved from the ortho to the meta position, and lost entirely in the para position. Replacement of the ortho halide with a non-electronegative group (methyl) greatly reduces activity. Molecular models reveal that Ade-CO-Thr and o-chlor...


The aims of this participatory action research were the development, the implementation and the evaluation of the alcohol control measures in Don Nang Hong Sub-district, That Phanom Distirct, Nakhon Phanom Province. The participation of community network contributed to the implementation of the three groups as the technician, population, social and political following the concept of public policy processes. The periods time of project done in between February 2557 to June 2559. The data collected by self-reporting questionnaires in quantitative method. The in-depth interviews and focus groups were performed in qualitative method. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation. The qualitative data was used content analysis.. The results found that the formation of alcohol beverage control measures in community had 4 steps; 1) the analyzed and established a network of partners operating as a social capital in the area as three sectors including the technicians part, population part, social and political part 2) Analyzed and summarized public health problems of the community as partner's three sectors 3) Set the targets for community achieving which were avoidance of alcohol consumption measures also for improving health and a better society, and 4) community prioritized to define and select appropriate community's context for minimize alcohol beverage accessing and mitigation alcohol consumption behavior. The results lead into adoption into public in the community. 2. Implementing had 4 steps as following 1) the action plan for community participation. 2) Supporting the implementation by the public sectors including of technician sectors, government and politics sectors and supporting resources 3) joint to participation monitoring the implementation measures following the community action plan and 4) the lessons learn extracted to improve the process of achieving the goals that led event into reduction opportunities and access to alcohol. For example intensive law enforcement, detection and warning detectors stores, set the alcohol beverage control in the stores around the school, the enhanced fiscal traditional ceremony to alcohol-free. The mitigation of alcohol consumption behavior included enhancement communication and public campaign, Youth camp, and alcoholics' rehabilitation Camp, also the contest and award for master person who absolutely stop  drink  alcohol. 3. To evaluate alcohol beverage control measures in the community, the activities were integrated by collaborative power of third party network and found alcohol consumption behavior mitigated from 31.1 percent into 28.0 percent after action period also the mitigation trend ofaccidents, drunk driving and controversy in the community decreased. There had idol person who quitting alcohol and community stakeholders were satisfaction for 82 per cent with participation these measures. Recommendations, the relative persons could extend the model to driven alcohol beverage control into tackle for public issues also open the participation opportunity of population in community and the government agencies would be supporting for this interesting of the public . Keywords: development, alcohol control measure.


The main objective of the paper is The growing concern for energy saving has increased the usage of LEDbased Street Lights, Electronic Chokes, Compact Fluorescent Lamps, And Inverter-Fed Drives. Hence, the load profile seen by the electrical grid is undergoing a notable change as these devices have to operate from a dc source. Photovoltaic (PV) being a major energy source, the loads can be connected directly to the dc bus. A grid-connected PV system involves a power source (PV array), a power sink (load), and two power sources/sink (solar and ac grid), and hence, a power flow sharing system is required to balance the power flow among these sources. This method is reduce the burden of input voltage because whenever the solar output reduces then the input voltage share to AC grid so the distribution AC grid and solar panel is takes place


Recently a number of techniques have been developed for bounding and approximating the important quantities in a description of continuum percolation models, such as 〈nc〉/ρ, the mean number of clusters per particle. These techniques include Kirkwood–Salsburg bounds, and approximations from cluster enumeration series of Mayer–Montroll type, and the scaled‐particle theory of percolation. In this paper, we test all of these bounds and approximations numerically by conducting the first systematic simulations of 〈nc〉/ρ for continuum percolation. The rigorous Kirkwood–Salsburg bounds are confirmed numerically in both two and three dimensions. Although this class of bounds seems not to converge rapidly for higher densities, averaging an upper bound with the corresponding lower bound gives an exceptionally good estimate at all densities. The scaled‐particle theory of percolation is shown to give extremely good estimates for the density of clusters in both two and three dimensions at all densities below the perc...


The Consent of the Governed: The Lockean Legacy in Early American Culture. By Gillian Brown. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. Pp. 237. $49.95.) Gillian Brown's brilliant extended essay on the complexities of Locke's doctrine of informed consent and its formative influence on the character and literature of early America rekindles the debate over the intellectual roots of American thought. Locke's prominent influence on the Founders, once a commonplace in American political thought, came under assault with Gordon Wood's emphasis on a more communitarian ideology in The Creation of the American Republic, 1776-1787(1969). Bolstered by J.G.A. Pocock's magisterial work, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (1975), a rash of studies located the American experience more in civic republicanism than in Lockean liberalism. Jay Fliegelman's Prodigals and Pilgrims: The American Revolution Against Patriarchal Authority (1982), however, reasserted Locke's formative influence over late eighteenth-century thought through his sensationalist model of the human mind. He argued that Locke's Some Thoughts Concerning Education (1693) revolutionized the way parents and educators understood the relationships between familial relations, education, and the shaping of moral character. In turn, Locke's influence lay directly behind the developing British colonial rhetoric about proper patriarchy versus tyranny and about educating a citizenry for effective self-government. Gillian Brown, a professor of English at the University of Utah, engages the debate in much the same theoretical way as Fliegelman, and with equal brilliance. She places Locke's theories of learning, as well as his conviction of the potentiality and vulnerability of the child, squarely in the midst of revolutionary rhetoric and elaborates on how it served to provide political safeguards sought by critics of republican values. Reconfiguring the historiographical debate between Lockean liberalism and civic republicanism, Brown suggests numerous ways in which Locke's liberal vision of informed consent enforces and sustains (rather than competes with) an emerging republican synthesis. Her rereading of Locke "clarifies . . . the citizen's continuous labor of crediting and discrediting ideas" (8). She uses the tools of literary criticism to elucidate the ideology and reception of the literature that shaped the cultural face of the new nation: The New England Primer, children's fables, and novels. So effortlessly and articulately does Brown assert Locke's omniscient presence in the literature that she sets a high standard for the interdisciplinary work of cultural studies. The Consent of the Governed is composed of two complementary but separate arguments. The first half of the book explores the Lockean legacy as found in a variety of literatures for children, particularly The New England Primer and oft-told fables like "Tom Thumb." Here she argues that Locke's principle of informed consent determined the shape and character of the didactic literature that made up the reading diet of colonial children. In addition, she effectively shows how children were expected to process and internalize the messages of this literature on their way to becoming good citizens of the new republic. The second part of the book uses early American novels to explore the difficulties and contradictions inherent in a theory of consensual politics: that is, how to deal with the possibilities of poor or destructive choices. Brown argues that John Locke's epistemology-that children's minds selected and ordered information received rather than being born knowing inherent truths-permeated the creation of most eighteenth-century literature for children. As the future citizens who would secure the success of the republican experiment, children had to be inculcated with civic virtues and be able to choose rightly from competing ideas. …


Alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal) belongs to the family Curculionidae, Order Coleoptera and it is one of invasive alien species in Korea. In Korea environment, this species was found in 2000 first time through the Korean quarantine inspections. Although various researches have been studied in the Europe, US, China and Japan, only few research has been performed in Korea. In this study, the life cycle, morphology and the host plants of Alfalfa weevil were investigated in the natural environment. Nine plants of total 28 host plant species known as the host plants were characterized as their wild host plants in Korea (6 and 3 of 9 were naturalized and native plants in Korea, respectively). The geographical distribution was very wide from south (Jeju) to north (Yeoncheon) area of the peninsula and the favorite habitats were park, cultivated and grass land. This species has been found easily anywhere because it takes common leguminous plants such as clover, chinese milk vetch and alfalfa. These results suggest that Alfalfa Weevil can be one of the most-damaging insect pests of leguminous crops when it adapts to Korean climate.


Lentil is an important rainfed legume grown in the winter season. Low productivity due to its narrow genetic base is the cause for concern. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity in sixty cultivated lentil genotypes based on yield and other agronomic traits. The studied genotypes were grouped in three clusters. Hundred seed weight, plant height and number of secondary branches contributed 26.98%, 17.88% and 15.95% respectively towards the genetic diversity. Intercluster distance revealed narrow genetic base of cultivated lentil. The 60 cultivated genotypes alongwith 23 wild types were also characterized using molecular markers. Dendrogram based on Jaccard similarity coefficient and UPGMA analysis revealed two major clusters and one minor cluster. Twenty-one wild accessions of L. orientalis and 1 L . e rvoides subspecies grouped separately into cluster 1. Nineteen Indian varieties grouped together in subcluster IIA indicating their narrow genetic base. Subcluster IIB consisted of 41 genotypes including 5 exotic and 36 advanced breeding lines due to use of exotic lines into recent breeding programmes. Therefore it is implied from this study that prebreeding of lentil is very essential using wild spp and exotic collection in hybridization programme, which is required for broadening of the genetic base and introgression of useful traits.


A spherical microsatellite, aimed at technology verification of upper atmospheric density detection and precision orbit determination in low Earth orbit (LEO), has been developed by Tsinghua University and is scheduled to launch in the second half of 2019. In order to reduce the influence of other nonconservative forces, the area-to-mass ratio of the satellite was designed to ensure that the aerodynamic drag of the satellite is more than one to two orders of magnitude greater than the solar pressure perturbation. The influence of the components of the antenna, separation support, and solar cell arrays (SCAs) on the spherical structure for the area-to-mass ratio is reduced by reasonable design of the satellite flight attitude. In addition, a novel method has been developed to estimate and correct the parameters for atmospheric density (correlated to the drag) calculation, using precise orbit data (POD) obtained from an onboard dual-frequency global position system (GPS) receiver. The method is used to obtain the partial derivative of the total acceleration of the satellite to the initial state (position, velocity) and Harris-Priester (HP) density model parameters (antapex and apex density). Further, the least squares estimation method is used to solve the overdetermined linear equations and obtain the change of initial state of the satellite and the HP density model parameters relative to change of the satellite state. The validity of this method has been verified through numerical simulations with the parametric setup of the satellite. The estimated density precision was found to be higher than two to three orders of the initial HP density model with continuous iteration.


In the process of humankind psychological development, the existence of innumerable variables that link their continuity and evolution in the planet takes place, inevitably one of these variable is the environment, which grants an immediate contribution to well-being, harmony and their definitive permanency in the world; this article is aimed at thinking about the state of the art of environmental psychology by investigating its origins and evolution in the area of the discipline. As well as being aware of the concept of urban spaces appropriation from Korosec-Serfaty, 1976; Pol, 2002a; Vidal, Pol, Guardia and Pero, 2004 standpoints, who consider the link between people an public or private daily places, relating it to people's behavior, that will allow us to think about ecological behavior and modernity.


The feedback control system with network-connected components is vulnerable to cyberattacks. We study a problem of attack detection in supervisory control of discrete-event systems. The scenario of a system subjected to actuator enablement attacks is considered in this article. We also consider that some unsafe places that should be protected from an attacker exist in the system, and some controllable events that are disabled by a supervisor might be re-enabled by an attacker. This article proposes a defense strategy to detect actuator enablement attacks and disable all controllable events after detecting an attack. We design algorithmic procedures to determine whether the system can be protected against damage caused by actuator enablement attacks, where the damage is predefined as a set of "unsafe" places. In this way, the system property is called "AE-safe controllability". The safe controllability can be verified by using a basis diagnoser or a basis verifier. Finally, we explain the approach with a cargo system example.


K. R., A WOMAN, aged 41, has the following history: Eighteen months ago she noticed that her left hand was becoming weak and the muscles wasting; there was no pain in the hand or arm. She was admitted into the National Hospital under the care of Dr. Risien Russell. Examination showed wasting of all the intrinsic left-hand muscles except the abductor and flexor brevis pollicis. There was also weakness and some wasting in the flexor profundus digitorum; reaction of degeneration in wasted muscles. There was slight, ill-defined sensory loss to cotton-wool and pin-prick in the hand and ulnar side of forearm. There was definite vasomotor disturbance in left hand. X-rays showed bilateral cervical ribs. Mr. Sargent operated, and removed the left rib, which was noticed to be in direct contact with the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. Result of operation: (1) Much increase in power of hand, with marked diminution in wasting of the affected muscles; (2) the sensory disturbances have quite gone; (3) still some slight vasomotor disturbance, but this is not nearly so severe as it was.


The increased popularity of Behavior Trees (BTs) in different fields of robotics requires efficient methods for learning BTs from data instead of tediously handcrafting them. Recent research in learning from demonstration reported encouraging results that this letter extends, improves and generalizes to arbitrary planning domains. We propose BT-Factor as a new method for learning expert knowledge by representing it in a BT. Execution traces of previously manually designed plans are used to generate a BT employing a combination of decision tree learning and logic factorization techniques originating from circuit design. We test BT-Factor in an industrially-relevant simulation environment from a mining scenario and compare it against a state-of-the-art BT learning method. The results show that our method generates compact BTs easy to interpret, and capable to capture accurately the relations that are implicit in the training data.


The riveting with blind rivets is extensively used in railway structures, which are mainly composed of aluminium. The lack of knowledge in this process makes the railway constructors to over‐proportion the number of rivets used in the structures and to perform a lot of tests in order to validate them. To better understand the different phenomena occurring during this process, a numerical model has been made, based on experimental tests. Considering the diversity of assemblies found in a railway structure (various diameter values of rivet, thickness and multiple materials of sheet metal assemblies, etc.), we propose a methodology based on the simulation of their behaviour. The numerical model allows to avoid high characterisation costs based only on experience.


Supervised learning is used to build a control policy for robust, stable, dynamic walking of an underactuated bipedal robot. The training and testing sets consist of controllers based on a full dynamic model, virtual constraints, and parameter optimization to meet torque limits, friction cone, and environmental conditions. The controllers are designed to induce locally exponentially stable periodic walking gaits at various speeds, both forward and backward, and for various constant ground slopes. They are also designed to induce aperiodic gaits that transition among a subset of the periodic gaits in a fixed number of steps. In experiments, the learned policy allows a 3D bipedal robot to recover from a significant kick. It also enables the robot to walk down a 22 degree slope and walk on sinusoidally varying terrain, all without using a camera. During the development of these results, it is demonstrated that supervised learning of locally exponentially stable controllers can result in a loss of stability and a means to avoid this is suggested.


PCI Express architecture is a widely used communication bus designed for industrial application. Additionally, according to PICMG 3.4 specification it is a part of ATCA architecture. One of the features offered by PCI Express standard is possibility of replacing the system components without shutting down entire system. In this paper, authors present general overview of Hot-Plug implementation in Linux operating system used in ATCA carrier board.


A 12 years old female presented with class II division I malocclusion with skeletal disorder (ANB 6°), deep bite, posterior crossbite 26, protrusive of anterior maxillary teeth, maxillary constriction, retrognatic of mandible and mild crowding of upper and lower jaws. The treatment of choice was twin block appliance for modifying the jaw development, and then followed by fixed orthodontics. After eight months, the progression of treatment was a better facial profile.


Objective: To discuss the operation of old calcaneal fracture.Method:16 patients with calcaneal old fractures(Bhler angle5 0 calcaneal width increase≥3mm)were treated by cutting the calcaneal lateral spur and decompression of peroneus long and brevi muscle tendons and calcaneal wedge osteotomy and subtalar joint's fusion.After operation plaster immobilization was used.Result:According to the Tianjin hospital's rating scale,the preoperative scale were 35~63 points and the average scale were 48.5 points.Followed up 9 to 32 months the scale were 67~91 points and the average scale were 79.3 points.The rate of excellent and good clinical results were 92 percent.Conclusion:Orthotherapy is an effective and simple treatment of old calcaneal fractures.


Zn-Cu alloys with hyperperitectic, hypoperitectic and near peritectic point compositions were unidirectionally solidified under temperature gradient of 45 K/mm and with growth rate range from 2 μm/s to 6400 μm/s. It is found that the typical structure for Zn-2%Cu is composed by single phase η under low solidification velocity and 77 cellular with intercellular e phase under higher solidification velocity, and the typical structure for samples with higher Cu composition is aligned e dendritic in matrix of 77 under lower solidification velocity and η cellular with e equiaxied dendritic under higher solidification velocity. Phase selection of the solidified samples was calculated based on the criterion of the highest interface growth temperature with the assumption of abundant nucle-ation conditions, and the reasonable accordance between the calculated and experimental results was achieved.


Goal. To determine the species and quantitative composition of weeds, the influence of individual precursors on the rate of development of agrophytocenoses in winter wheat crops, taking into account the influence of modern agrotechnological methods on the degree of weediness of production crops.
Methods. During 2017—2019 studied agrophytocenoses under production conditions for winter wheat, depending on predecessors and agrotechnological techniques. Weeds were counted and calculated in accordance with generally accepted methods for assessing the number and distribution of segetal vegetation, taking into account morphological features and their clear classification.
Results. The most numerous were cereal millet weeds, represented mainly by two species — common blackberry and green bristle. Among the dicotyledonous spring weeds, the most numerous were the medicinal smoky and the highlander bindweed, among the wintering weeds — the field violet and field cocci. In recent years, sunflower has taken a significant place in the structure of cultivated areas of the region. Therefore, the sunflower scavenger has become a very serious polluter of winter fields, which in its harmfulness exceeds most weeds.
Conclusion. Analysis of agrophytocenoses in winter wheat crops in the context of individual predecessors showed that the number of weeds in the fields of steam wheat is almost 2—2.5 times less than after corn or sunflower.


We use geometric concepts originally proposed by Anandan and Aharonov [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1697 (1990)] to show that the Farhi-Gutmann time-optimal analog quantum search evolution between two orthogonal quantum states is characterized by unit efficiency dynamical trajectories traced on a projective Hilbert space. In particular, we prove that these optimal dynamical trajectories are the shortest geodesic paths joining the initial and the final states of the quantum evolution. In addition, we verify they describe minimum uncertainty evolutions specified by an uncertainty inequality that is tighter than the ordinary time-energy uncertainty relation. We also study the effects of deviations from the time-optimality condition from our proposed Riemannian geometric perspective. Furthermore, after pointing out some physically intuitive aspects offered by our geometric approach to quantum searching, we mention some practically relevant physical insights that could emerge from the application of our geometric analysis to more realistic time-dependent quantum search evolutions. Finally, we briefly discuss possible extensions of our paper to the geometric analysis of the efficiency of thermal trajectories of relevance in quantum computing tasks.


By questionnaire,literature reviews,statistics and observation on spot,this article takes commercial fitness clubs in Shenyang as object and uses marketing theory,carrying on the empirical investigation and the research on the Shenyang commercial fitness club service product condition.It analyzes the existing question and the reason,and proposes the corresponding countermeasure.The aim is to promote the club to offer standardized service product and improvecustomer satisfaction.


In various applications data is shared and reused through a common framework like Semantic Web. In essence, in the ever-expanding sphere of the web, huge quantities of web content is created and made available for men and machines for their interpretation and application. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to develop a "scutter", other wisely known as semantic crawler that essentially collects and stores information in a centrally-located database by crawling through the semantic content. The projected "scutter" is based on Jena 3.0 Framework, which is a freely downloadable language software available on https://jena.apache.org/download/. In this process, a RDF file is taken as the seed input file after which the "scutter" accesses other RDF documents by crawling through "rdfs:seeAlso" property, thereby designated as an automatic extraction of semantic information emanating from various websites. Also, certain privacy related issues, especially in FOAF metadata is discussed in this paper.


People's living situation is the basis of public opinion.The problems people met in life are the mediate social matters,and people's feelings of their social life is the important component of public opinion.Resolving the problem of the residents is the main way of public opinion persuasion of the neighborhood committee.


1lymphocyte counts were !50 cells/mL and their mean virus load was 4.9 log10 HIV RNA copies/mL. All patients had extensive prior treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors but had not previously received protease inhibitors. Sustained virological and immunologic responses, defined as decreases in plasma virus load by 11.0 log10 and increases in CD4 1 cell counts of 150 cells/mL, were observed in 29 patients (group I). Thirty-two other patients had only an immunologic response (group II), and 10 patients had neither immunologic nor virological responses (group III). Six patients were lost to follow-up.


This article focuses on the key relationship marketing tools of customer service, loyalty/rewards programs, brand/store community, personalization and customization, and their relationship with customer retention. The relationship between customer service, loyalty/rewards programs, customization, personalization, brand/store community and customer retention were examined via an empirical investigation of 450 loyalty/reward program members of three retail stores in Malaysia. The administration of the survey was personally administered but self-completed. Four of the five relationship marketing tools, namely, customer service, loyalty/rewards programs, brand/store community and personalization, had a significant positive relationship with customer retention. The findings provided valuable insights into the loyalty program management practices of retail stores in a developing country context.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The paper discusses the approximation of the potential of small celestial bodies with irregular mass distribution among four mass points. Examples of Geographos asteroid (1620) and Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet (67P) are used to illustrate the calculation of such potential approximations limitations values on the surface of those celestial bodies. Distribution of the values is depicted on six projections of the bodies onto three mutually perpendicular planes. Also points of surfaces in which approximated values of potential reach absolute minimum and maximum are shown.


An electronic dance floor system (10) that consists of a dance floor (12) having at least two dancing sections (14) with each section further having at least four composite pad assemblies (16). Each of the assemblies (16) is connected through a musical instrument digital interface (MIDI) converter (100) to a MIDI equipped sound source (102). When a dancer, during his or her dance routine, steps on selected assemblies (16), an electrical switch module (34) embedded in each assembly triggers the MIDI converter which, in turn, energizes the sound source. Thus, by stepping on selected assemblies (16) a dancer can produce sounds that compliment the dancer's stepping routine. The system (10) can also be designed to include a pair of tapping shoes (110). The shoes independently allow a sound(s) to be produced that enhances the sound(s) produced by the dance floor (12).


We propose a simple geophysical case,which can illustrate the geophysical implications of the iteration method for downward continuation of potential field.The iteration method for downward continuation can be carried out by computing regional anomaly continued downward step by step.This case also shows the convergence and noise effect in downward continuation with iteration method.


The authors speculate upon possible new approaches to the alteration of the vascular supply of the liver in cirrhosis of that organ.


The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of girdling in summer and fall on fruit quality of `Pera' sweet orange. The experiment was a 4 x 2 total randomized design and was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Plants utilized in the experiment were chosen from a grove of `Pera' sweet orange budded on Rangpur lime, planted in a spacing of 8 x 4 m. Four girdling methods were studied: simple, double, pararell and no girdling; as well as two girdling times: summer and fall. Ten fruit parameters were evaluated: length, width, fresh weight, volume, rind, thickness, percentage of juice, total acidity, total soluble solids and ratio. Girdling in summer had a significant effect on fruit quality, while the best girdling method was the simple.


This research investigates the impact of lot splitting in unbalanced production systems, under a variety of experimental conditions. Scheduling policies specifically designed for use in the presence of a long-term bottleneck, a condition frequently encountered in practice, are developed and tested. Results indicate that when steps are taken at nonbottleneck work centers to capitalize on capacity imbalances through increasing the number of setups and, hence, the variety of products produced, shop effectiveness is improved. The results also indicate that scheduling policies that tend to increase the size of the average process batch retard the overlapping of operations, which is critical to the success of the lot-splitting methodology in reducing flow time. Finally, it is shown that increasing capacity at nonbottleneck work centers along with implementation of effectiveness-oriented scheduling polices leads to improved shop performance.


ABSTRACT Turkish migrants are one of the largest minority groups within Europe, the majority of which is Muslim. Radical right politicians stress the threat of Islam for what they consider European culture. Yet we know that migrant communities can adapt to the destination society culturally, albeit not always and in complex ways. This study aims advance our understand of this complex matter, as it analyses how such attitudinal developments take place and in what way religion plays a role. Through acculturation processes, where Muslim migrants become more secular and consequently more open to gender equal norms, and/or through decoupling, where migration leads to weaker connections between religious identity and patriarchal gender norms. With the use of the 2000Families data on Turkish Muslim European-migrants and Turkish-Muslim stayers, we find that the connection between religiosity and gender equality attitudes is gender-dependent. Across the board findings indicate limited support for both mechanisms. However, we do cautiously conclude that we find both acculturation and decoupling processes among migrant men with regard to individual religiosity, while we find decoupling between communal religiosity and gender-equality attitudes in migrant women. This suggests migrants undergo a range of acculturation processes simultaneously, but that the linkages for men and women differ between these dimensions.


The research of drag reduction technique have the advantages of saving energy and improving utilization rate, which behaves a tremendous value in economy and military, hence it is a hot issue for researchers all the time. Merging together with the method of bionic drag reduction, drag reduction mechanisms with flexible surface have realized its function by imitating the elastic characteristics of dolphin skin and using the interaction between flexible materials and boundary layer fluid. Development status of drag reduction technique with flexible surface was analysed, and its mechanisms were reviewed from two aspects of delayed transition and disturbance on boundary layer. In addition, drag reduction mechanisms with flexible surface were explored in terms of changing the structure in the boundary layer, moreover, its development tendency was prospected.


Transaction classification and QoS parameter Constraints are first researched. Then distributed QoS routing algorithm Fallback++ based on transaction and multiobjective programming is designed. Finally the time complexity and space complexity of the algorithm are analyzed. Simulation results show that Fallback++ is more efficient than Fallback and Fallback+.


Numerous open and minimally invasive techniques have been developed but all of these approaches experience the same shortcomings related to biomechanics or inherent iatrogenic destabilization [16]. In an attempt to alleviate many of the limitations of previous lumbar fusion techniques, a pre-sacral approach to the lumbosacral junction has been investigated. The axial lumbar interbody fusion (AxiaLIF) system (TranS1, Inc., Wilmington, NC) combines a minimally invasive technique with a novel corridor approach. A total of three patients were evaluated I this study. Results were compared preoperatively and following the surgery at 3 and 6 months. There was a significant improvement in the pain scores. The Axial lumbar interbody fusion is a feasible procedure which will require long term studies before it can be validated as a standard technique for lumbar fusion.


Key Points The PLAG1 transcription factor promotes human HSC self-renewal and dormancy. PLAG1 enforces stemness by dampening expression of translation machinery activated in HSC-stimulatory conditions.


Branching morphogenesis of epithelia involves division of cells into leader (tip) and follower (stalk) cells. Published work on cell lines in culture has suggested that symmetry‐breaking takes place via a secreted autocrine inhibitor of motility, the inhibitor accumulating more in concave regions of the culture boundary, slowing advance of cells there, and less in convex areas, allowing advance and a further exaggeration of the concave/convex difference. Here we test this hypothesis using a two‐dimensional culture system that includes strong flow conditions to remove accumulating diffusible secretions. We find that, while motility does indeed follow boundary curvature in this system, flow makes no difference: this challenges the hypothesis of control by a diffusible secreted autocrine inhibitor.


Whereas the territory of Western Samoa has been administered in accordance with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and pursuant to a mandate conferred upon His Britannic Majesty to be exercised on his behalf by the Governmen of New Zealand; And Whereas the Charter of the United Nations signed at San Francisco on 26 June 1945, provides for the establishment of an international trusteeship system for the administration and supervision of such territories as may be the subject of trusteeship agreements;


Of 1042 elderly people randomly sampled from the community in a longitudinal study of ageing, 512 had died in the period 1985–1994, with 44 of these deaths occurring among respondents who, at clinical interview, met DSM‐III‐R criteria for dementia. The presence of dementia, however, was recorded on only 15 (34%) of the 44 death certificates from this group. This low level of recording was not significantly related to the patient's gender, age or place of death. The likelihood of dementia being recorded was also unrelated to date of death, with earlier (1985–1990) and later (1990–1994) certificates showing similar levels of non‐recording. Analyses of all 512 certificates showed that cases of dementia were 2.5 times more likely than the non‐demented to have bronchopneumonia recorded as a principal cause of death. These results confirm earlier links between dementia and death from respiratory disease but suggest that, when assessed in random community samples, the extent to which dementia is under reported on British death certificates is greater than previously estimated.


Food diseases and allergies are one of the important causes having major impact on health of the world population. Being one of the basic needs of nutrition, milk and milk products are important types of packed foods which are consumed by the modern world population. Milk sources get contaminated due to different sources like pesticide residues, heavy metals, and aflatoxin during the process of cattle feeding, pre-processing, and improper handling during post processing period. Therefore, there is a need of the society to have a more accurate, fast in response, durable and stable analytical device to detect different milk contaminants in packed milk and milk products. Current development in biosensors provides new hope to achieve the goal of milk contaminants detection more precisely and accurately. Hence the basic inclination behind this paper is to study the recent developments in different types of biosensors used in dairy industry and find out future prospective in biosensor development for milk contaminants. In this survey paper we have studied 26 research articles on Biosensor detection techniques used to detect milk contaminants like Urea, Antibiotics, and Metal ions with their different design parameters and implementation strategy. The detection limit analysis of different methods is recorded in the view of deciding the future research path in each of the methods. In future, combination of nanotechnology with electrochemical biosensors and optical biosensors with some modifications can provide highly sensitive, rapid, potable and low-cost biosensors for detection of milk contaminant.


Throughout the world there are minority peoples who lead their lives independently of the nation state. Over generations they have watched national boundaries harden around and through their territories until they have become outcasts in their own lands. The economic activities of national societies have further undermined these people by encroaching on their land base and transforming the environments on which they depend for their survival.


Evaluation is a central feature of educational psychologists' (EPs) work. Different evaluation tools have been used in the published literature but a consistent approach is yet to emerge. Informed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, this research asks what information EPs find meaningful when they evaluate their work. Six EPs working in a local authority educational psychology service were interviewed about their experiences of their work and how they knew they had made an impact. A diverse range of information drawn upon as evidence that there had been change was described. It is thus proposed that a tool which enables EPs to collate different types of information from a number of sources may be useful when evaluating their practice.


The paper presents an algorithm for a directional relay to be used for a detection of the broken phase conductor in the radial networks. The algorithm would use synchronized voltages, measured at the beginning and at the end of the line, as input signals. During the process, the measured voltages would be phase-compared. On the basis of the normalized energy, the direction of the phase conductor, with a broken point, would be detected. Software tool Matlab/Simulink package has developed a radial network model which simulates the broken phase conductor. The simulations generated required input signals by which the algorithm was tested. Development of the algorithm along with the formation of the simulation model and the test results of the proposed algorithm are presented in this paper.


Seeking a flow-measuring method that could exploit the usual farm delivery pipe placed under the canal roads common to irrigation canal systems, tolerate trash and weeds, and offer low maintenance and operating costs, we quickly discarded high-tech, high-cost meters in favor of modifying a reverse propeller-meter system that had previously fouled in its original presentation. The modifications successfully handled weed and moss fouling while preserving the basic accuracy of the original meter system. The modified system uses specially configured trash-resistant appurtenances enabling operation in heavy moss and weed environments and flow-profile conditioning accessories that are also trash resistant to condition flow jets from an upstream control gate and preserve meter accuracy. The system has operated in an active farm installation through several irrigation events since September 2011. It provides electronic output for data recording, transmission, or mechanized irrigation control. The system functioned successfully in adverse weed and moss conditions while maintaining its basic accuracy of +/-2% to 3%.


APA Citation Farahat, Z. (2011).Women's expectations and experiences of childbirth in an Egyptian public hospital [Master's thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1126 MLA Citation Farahat, Zeinab Ahmed Mohamed. Women's expectations and experiences of childbirth in an Egyptian public hospital. 2011. American University in Cairo, Master's thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/1126


The impact of urbanisation is known to be almost wholly negative on water quality and receiving watercourses. Recognition of this prompted in the UK and elsewhere, the development of a series of research programmes to investigate measures to improve the environment of urban centres. Some of these have resulted in directly relevant outputs to this planning application, notably the poorer performance than expected of sediment mitigation structures in SUDs.


Transfer payment is an important part of financial expenditure.To regulate and supervise transfer payment signifies a great deal to the realization of China's social justice and construction of a harmonious society.Unfortunately,at present,no uniform,comprehensive and authoritative legislation exists in China for financial transfer payments and people have to resort to some departmental rules and regulations.In these authors' opinion,the systematic and statutory defects in China's transfer payment should be cured by way of enacting complete legislation.


Background Congenital vertical talus (CVT), also known as congenital convex pes valgus, is a rigid flatfoot deformity characterized by fixed hindfoot equinus and an irreducible talonavicular dislocation. This deformity can either be idiopathic and isolated or can occur with other conditions such as neural tube defects (myelomeningocele and spina bifida occulta), neuromuscular disorders like cerebral palsy and anterior horn cell disease, and in chromosomal aberrations like Down's syndrome. The use of serial manipulation and plaster cast treatment followed by minimal surgical interventions has provided good early results in the treatment of idiopathic CVT. The method of cast correction of a vertical talus is based on a specific way of manipulating the foot so as to gradually reduce the talonavicular joint. The principles are similar to those used in the Ponseti method of clubfoot correction. Aim of the study To evaluate the management and the outcome of patients with CVT managed with reverse Ponseti technique, and minimal surgical intervention. Patients and methods This prospective study included 25 feet in 17 patients with CVT, comprising eight patients with bilateral and nine with unilateral involvement. The study was done at the new Children Hospital Cairo University between January 2013 and December 2015. The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 14 months, with an average period of 11.6 months. Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed to have idiopathic CVT and no age limit, and exclusion criteria were previous operative release and cases associated with neuromuscular disorders or syndromes. Results Three (12%) cases were classified as excellent, 12 (48%) cases were classified as good, eight (32%) cases were classified as fair, and two (8%) cases were classified as poor. Conclusion Favorable results were obtained using the reverse Ponseti method of closed manipulation and then limited open reduction and fixation with a pin in the talonavicular joint and percutaneous Achilles tenotomy. There were also fewer complications compared with extensive operative treatments, by avoiding more extensive surgery.


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This talk considers optimal design of frame structures for vibration suppression. The H-infinity norm of the transfer function from disturbance sources to the displacement outputs, which we want to suppress, is adopted as the objective function to represent the magnitude of vibration transfer. The design parameters are the cross-sectional areas of frame members. For minimization of the H1 norm under a constraint of the total weight, the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method is employed. At each iteration, it takes very much time to compute the H1 norm of the transfer function if we use the full order model of the structure. Therefore, we employ a reduced order model, which is obtained by eliminating insignificant modes in the input-output relation. Examples are presented with experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. His research interests include theory for large scale systems, nonlinear feedback systems, time-varying systems, time-delay systems, two-degrees-of-freedom control systems, and descriptor systems. He is also interested in control applications such as vibration isolation systems, large space structures, dynamic measurement of moving vehicles, structural design for vibration suppression, and pneumatic actuators. Abstract Precision stages using piezoelectric actuators and flexure mechanism are able to perform motions with a nano metric resolution. However, the existence of nonlinearities such as hysteresis and creep in piezoelectric actuated systems imposes difficulties to control the positions at nano-metric level. In this talk a stage which is able to perform nanometer level positioning is presented. To achieve the required motion resolution, a piezoelectric actuator and flexure-based displacement mechanism are used. Extensive experiments on hysteresis and creep phenomena of the piezoelectric actuator are conducted. Position measurement for feedback control is performed by fiber optical laser interferometer encoders. A simple and effective experiment-model-based recursive control method is used. Experiment results show that by using the proposed simple control method, the motion stage is able to achieve a position tracking accuracy up to the limit of the resolution of the measurement device.


While the discussion on the topic of technology diffusion in teacher education primarily centers on course design, program development, and faculty technology training, this article explores technology diffusion from the perspective of organizational change. Technology diffusion in teacher education is a multi-faceted task and, therefore, requires multi-dimensional approaches. Systemic technology diffusion involves a paradigm shift in thinking about organizational change. The balance of this article applies this paradigm shift to analyze some seemingly puzzling phenomena that has occurred in the technology diffusion process and, thus, to help leaders of IT change initiatives to increase the chances of successful implementation.


Water modeling of three - strand caster tundish shows that the tundish without flow control can not meet the technical requirements for inclusion floatation, temperature homogenization and consistency of flow characteristics of three strands. In present study, an optimal proposal is presented through an optimizing study by water modeling. In addition, a method for evaluating the flow characteristics in multi -strand casting tundish, which can be applied to the similar water modeling study, is introduced in this paper.


From September 26 to October 12, 2000, 41 hydrographic stations (CTDO) were set along 27° S between the coast of Chile and 80° W, along 80° W down to 33° S, and from the end of this transect towards the coast (on board of AGOR "Vidal Gormaz" de la Armada de Chile, CIMAR 6 Cruise). Also, during 2-14 October 2000, a complementary cruise with 13 stations was conducted, along 20° S between the Chilean coast and 85° W (on board of R/V "Melville", Cook-2 Cruise). The objective of these cruises was to investigate the Humboldt current system and its water masses off central and northern Chile, between the 20° S-33° S. In the northern sector of the study area, Subtropical Surface Water (STSW) was observed, associated to high salinities, decreasing towards the coast and the south. Under the STSW, Eastern South Pacific Intermediate Water (ESPIW) was found, characterized by a shallow salinity minimum. ESPIW deepened towards the north and west and disappeared beyond 20° S. Under the ESPIW, Equatorial Subsurface Water (ESSW) was observed, characterized by a relative maximum of salinity and a minimum of oxygen. Below this water Antartic Intermediate Water (AAIW) with a relative salinity minimum was been found. At greater depths, the Pacific Deep Water (PDW) was located, with increasing salinity. Geostrophic currents, calculated relative to 2.500 db, showed maximum values close to the surface and declined toward 1.500 m, with alternate northward and southward flows. Below 1.500 m the geostrophic flow was generally southward, with minimum velocities. The meridional geostrophic and zonal transport of volume, heat and salt, was calculated at latitudes 27o S, 33° S and longitude 80° W. Within this box a deficit in transport of volume of 0.44 Sv was found, because the zone of the continental shelf was not considered. In the same way, the observed transport of heat and salt showed, an excess of 0.04 PW and 0.35 108 kg m–1 respectively.


The present study deals with the translation of a text about tourism and gastronomy. The analysis focuses on the translation of cultural words and terminology. The aim of the study was to analyse t ...


Radical forms of direct action and protest have undertaken a new cycle in the past three years. Climate camp protests re-emerged at Drax (2006), and against the third runway at Heathrow Airport (2007-present); juxtaposed with resurgence in anti-capitalist/global justice protests from the late 1990s and early noughties and the recent G20 Meltdown (2009) in central London.

Drawing on the work of Halloran, Murdock and Elliott's (1971) use of Lang and Lang's (1958) notion of an inferential structure – where news reports often frame protest stories as violent or potentially violent - this study will argue that journalist continual use of this structure, through set linguistic patterns, influences how the mainstream media construct our cultural understanding of protest movements. Historically journalist reports on (UK based) protest events by following an established news agenda, and this work will show how journalists covering these events follow an established news agenda. The G20 protest were no exception, the usual formulaic build-up in coverage focus on the threat of, or potential for violence. The Sunday Mirror newspaper headline two days prior to the event proclaimed 'Anarchy in the UK; Exclusive the London summit 2009 countdown as world leaders head for G20 summit rioters come out of retirement secret plans to 'take over' city (29/04/09:9); and The Guardian newspaper revels 'Police tactics queried as Met says G20 protests will be 'very violent' (28/04/09:1).

At the Heathrow Climate camp (August 2007), news reports repeat the language of earlier protests. Echoing Halloran, Elliott and Murdock's findings protestors identities are framed with a context of what Hall would argue (1968, 1971) as 'scoundrels', 'deviants' and 'violent' ( Halloran et al, 1971). In 1968 The Times newspaper carried the headline, 'Militant Plot Feared in London' (1968); whereas the Evening Standard coverage of the Heathrow climate camp ran with Extremist to Hijack Climate Camp Demo' 'Militants in Plot to Paralyse Heathrow' (2007)

However, the emergence of citizen journalism, Web 2.0 and new technologies, this paper will show, it is becoming increasingly difficult for journalists to repeat the patterns that shape the identity of protesters. G20 Meltdown and Heathrow Climate camp protest flagged up important shifts in the relationship between mainstream media organisations and protest groups. At both events protesters engaged with new technologies to produce their own news reports. To counter this approach, journalists increasingly are 'embedded' with protest movements. These two factors, citizen journalism and embedded journalism have, I would argue, led to an opening up of relationship between protest movements and journalist. Journalist will now struggle to follow the inferential structure in light of clear evidence of state and protest violence. Moreover, it shifts the cultural perception of protest groups and the wider field of new social movements.

This paper will argue that such use of new technologies and forms of communication raises questions around traditional forms of reporting. The new forms of communication initially offer a balance between protesters and gatekeepers in the style of reporting; but does dispensing with the journalist rely too heavily on the protester for footage? In other words how does, or does, web 2.0 mean changes the pattern of protest reporting?


The orient is a RoboCup MSL team organized by Toyo University, Japan. The name is literal translation of the name of the university. We have been participating in RoboCup competition since the first competition in Nagoya in 1997. We were one group in UTTORI United from 1997 to 2002, and we are now independent team as The Orient from 2003 using the legacy of UTTORI United. We are the first team who used omnidirectional mobile mechanism with omnidirectional vision. This paper describes current science and technology that is used in our team.


Among the other periodontal diseases, periodontitis is one of the most commonly found chronic inflammatory diseases. Probiotics have become of interest to researchers in recent times. The development of resistance to a range of antibiotics by some important pathogens has raised an alarming question regarding the treatment of periodontal diseases. A plethora of bacterial pathogens have been associated with the periodontal disease and to overcome the consequences of periodontal diseases, probiotic technology is vastly used. Probiotic technology represents a step forward towards the maintenance of oral health by the use of natural beneficial bacteria found in healthy mouths that provide a natural defense against harmful bacteria. The present review emphases to introduce the concepts of probiotics in periodontics diseases.


We report calculations of the electronic structure and optical properties of orthorhombic SrI2. These were done using the Engel–Vosko generalized gradient approximation. We find that the dielectric function and refractive indices are almost isotropic in this noncubic material. This suggests that low cost nonconventional routes for producing SrI2-based scintillators may be practical and, in particular, that ceramic processing may be used.


On the basis of analyzing the theory of signed directed graph(SDG) technology,practical application of SDG qualitative model in computer aided HAZOP(Hazard and Operability Study) and fault diagnosis are discussed.The propylene polyreaction(solution slurry polymerization) SDG is modeled,and HAZOP and fault diagnosis analysis based on SDG model are presented.Experimental result shows that HAZOP and fault diagnosis technology based on SDG have many advantages such as good maturity,saving time,effort and money.


The real article is further continuation of works on consideration of state government bases by the use of national resources, as it applies to the sphere of development of small and middle enterprise of Russian Federation. From system positions a role and place of external state audit (control) are considered in state administration and offered general and concrete classifi cation structures. The levels of state support are certain and going near the estimation of effi ciency of measures of state support of small and middle enterprise is considered at the level of the Central bank of Russian Federation.


A double blind randomized study was done to study the effect of intraoperative music and positive therapeutic suggestions on post-operative analgesic requirements and postoperative nausea and vomiting. We found that rescue analgesic given in twenty four hour was significantly less in music group as compared to control group. However the study didn't confirm the effect of music and therapeutic suggestion on postoperative antiemetic outcome.


Software product lines (SPL) are recently an emerging software reuse paradigm, which helps organizations develop their products from reusable core assets rather than from scratch. For developing these assets, understanding commonality and variability (C&V) is essential. A feature-oriented approach has been used extensively for C&V analysis in the SPL. However, this contains no proposal to systematically identify features and provide the rationale for the features. Further, the approach does not directly show how the results of C&V analysis will satisfy an organization's high-level business goals and provide the rationale for the C&V. Therefore, this paper presents a domain analysis method for the SPL based on goals, scenarios, and features in order to overcome some of the deficiencies and limitations of the feature-oriented approach. In particular, the paper proposes a domain requirements model (DRM) and a domain requirements modeling method based on the DRM. This method has been applied to the home integration system (HIS) domain to demonstrate its feasibility with a supporting tool, namely IDEAS. Our approach makes it possible to systematically identify the features and provide the rationale for both the features and the C&V.


In September of 2009,watermelons stored in low temperature conditions for 7 days were rotted and caused above 90% losses in Kaifeng.The fungus was isolated from diseased tissues and the morphological characteristics,pathogenicity and DNA sequence of 5.8S rDNA-ITS were studied.The fungus was identified as Colletotrichum orbiculare based on the morphological characteristics.DNA sequence of 5.8S rDNA-ITS of the isolate was 100% homologous with the other 5.8S rDNA-ITS sequences of C.orbiculare in GenBank.Inoculated watermelon with this isolate could produce the same symptoms as naturally infected plants.Reisolation of the fungus from lesions on inoculated fruit confirmed that the causal agent was C.orbiculare which caused watermelon rot during the storage period.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the inducibility of tachycardia by transesophageal electrophysiologic study (TEEPS) in patients with documented supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) on electrocardiography and to investigate the accuracy of TEEPS records by comparing with intracardiac electrophysiologic study (IEPS).


The research undertaken in this article uses the Google Trends tool to study the degree of interest in prayer and general spirituality during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and Europe. The authors assumed that for people interested in prayer during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Internet served as a virtual prayer book. The main research questions addressed the frequency of typed queries, referring not only to the word "prayer" but also to specific types of prayer. In addition, interest in prayer was compared with interest in the word "prophecy" to explore the relationship between religiosity and interest in the supernatural sphere in its broadest sense. The analysis shows that there is distinct recurrence regarding the terms searched, with some of them noticeably intensifying with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also show that keywords related to prophecies were searched more frequently at significant moments in Polish history (2005—the death of John Paul II, 2010—the plane crash in which the President of Poland died) than in the months of 2020 when the pandemic struck and escalated. At that time, searches related to religion were more frequent. It can also be concluded that the outbreak of the pandemic contributed to an increase in the religious activity of Poles. The article is interdisciplinary in nature, referring primarily to Religion Studies and Mass Media and Communication Studies.


A CD-ROM developed by the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI), will help teach the meaning of road signage to beginning drivers. The CD-ROM is part of the "Know Your Vital Signs" public outreach and educational campaign. Based on the "Texas Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices," the program is divided into four major sections: signs, lane markings, signals, and experiences. After each of the first three sections, a quiz is presented in a game-show format. Instructors can view the results to track student progress. A safety issues section, called Hubcap Heaven, features a junkyard filled with wrecked cars and a junkyard dog that guides users. For each wrecked car, there is a story of what happened and, more than likely, an unhappy ending. Several schools in Texas will serve as preliminary test sites in the fall of 1998. Based on student and instructor feedback, the CD-ROM will be fine-tuned and released to a wider audience.


An experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of nerium accessions and their categorization based on colour and uses. Field experiment was conducted at the "Botanical garden, Department of Floriculture and Landscaping, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore". Thirteen nerium accessions were collected and coded named as ACC-1 to ACC-13. Significant variations in vegetative and flowering related traits were observed among the accessions. Out of the thirteen accessions, ACC-6 recorded the maximum number of primary branches (6.17), leaf area (29.67cm), number of flowers per plant (16) and yield per plant per year (245.89 g), whereas, plant height (176.11cm) and shelf life (3.73 days) was maximum in ACC10. From among the thirteen accessions, the desired one could be identified easily for aspecific purpose, since Nerium is vegetatively propagated and selected for defined traits vegetati-ve, flowering and flower qualities (flower form, colour).


The spectral characteristics of 2-(4′-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)pyrido[3,4-d]imidazole (DMAPPI) were studied in sodium docecyl sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Triton X-100 (TX-100)
 micelles at various acid concentrations. Of the three kinds of monocations (MC1, MC2 and MC3) in DMAPPI, MC1 and MC3 are present in the S0 state but MC2 and MC3 are present in the S1 state in SDS. MC2
 in SDS, similarly to that in aqueous medium, is formed by biprotonic phototautomerism. In CTAB and
 TX-100, whereas MC1 and MC2 are present in the aqueous and micellar phase, respectively, MC3 is distributed between both the micellar and aqueous phase in the S0 state, but only MC2 and MC3 are present in both phases in the S1
 state. MC3 induces micellization of SDS whereas none of the monocation induces micellization of CTAB or TX-100.


The sum-rate capacity of downlink channel can be significantly improved via optimal multi-user scheduling. However, in the time-varying channel, the optimal scheduling is difficult to be implemented when the dedicated feedback link existing delay. In this paper, the performance of multi-user scheduling over time-varying channel is investigated, and an analytical expression of sum-rate capacity is derived. In order to overcome the negative effect of feedback delay on system performance, an improved user scheduling is proposed based on the predicted best channel quality. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the proposed user scheduling can effectively improve the system performance, even the predictor order is 2.


A green solvent extraction process for recycling indium from waste LCD has been developed employing ionic liquids. Methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride [A336][Cl] was identified as the most suitable extraction agent due to synergistic effect. The effects of various parameters such as extraction time, acidity and O/A phase ratio on the extraction process were explored. Experiments results showed that the optimal conditions for extraction of In from the waste LCD leaching solution were O/A phase ratio of 1:5, the HCl concentration of 4 M, and reaction time of 3 min, thus the distribution ratio reached 400. The extracted oil phase is stripped by oxalic acid (3mol/L), the Fe and Sn would transfer into the liquid phase, while InCln keeps bonding with Aliquat336. While scrubbing with aqua pura, the one-time stripping efficiency of In reaches 92.63%, and the ionic liquid can be purified and recycled through the stripping and scrubbing.


We demonstrate that level crossings at the Fermi energy serve as robust indicators for higher-order topology in two-dimensional superconductors of symmetry class D. These crossings occur when the boundary condition in one direction is continuously varied from periodic to open, revealing the topological distinction between opposite edges. The associated Majorana numbers acquire nontrivial values whenever the system supports two Majorana zero modes distributed at its corners. Owing to their immunity to perturbations that break crystalline symmetries, Fermi level crossings are able to characterize a wide range of higher-order topological superconductors. By directly identifying the level-crossing points from the bulk Hamiltonian, we establish the correspondence between gapped bulk and Majorana corner states in higher-order phases. In the end, we illustrate this correspondence using two toy models. Our findings suggest that Fermi level crossings offer a possible avenue for characterizing higher-order topological superconductors in a unifying framework.


During the past decade the use of three dimensional(3-D) finite element(FE) method for analysing stresses in rigid pavement have grown significantly. The finite element method enables researchers to better understand the critical behaviour of pavement which cannot be captured with conventional analytical methods such as slabbase shear transfer, load transfer efficiency of dowel and tie bar and response of pavement due to dynamic loading.


The purpose of this paper is to study a new method of de-noising images corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise. Based on the Chen-Mobius transform, the idea of modulation and demodulation in Chen-Mobius communication system is applied in the image de-noising. The evaluation results of the Chen-Mobius transform of some often-used waveforms are applied in the anti-noise of image. For image de-noising, the data is modulated on a modulation wave for some period and recorded by a certain means, then the data can be carried everywhere. To make such a processing, the Chen-Mobius inverse transformed functions act as the "modulation" waveforms and the receiving end is coherently "demodulated" by the often-used digital waveforms. Simulation results are discussed in some detail. It shows that the new application has excellent performances that the digital image signals can be restored from intense Gaussian noise. Here, to prove the performance of the proposed method, the results are compared with other existent methods or algorithms such as hard and soft threshold based on wavelet. The simulation results on several testing images indicate that the proposed method outperforms the other methods in peak signal to noise ratio and keeps better visual in edges information reservation as well. The results also suggest that Chen-Mobius transform can achieve a better performance than the wavelet transform in image de-noising.


Summary Vitis vinifera 'Beidaneh Ghermez' is one of the most popular seedless table-grape cultivars grown in the Middle East, but it usually has a poor berry colour. The impact of abscisic acid (ABA) or ethephon, applied at four rates (0, 100, 200, or 300 µl l−1) at 20 – 30% of verasion, on berry quality in 'Beidaneh Ghermez' was studied over two seasons (2007 – 2008). Application of ethephon or ABA did not significantly affect berry yield compared to untreated controls, but berry size increased as the rate of ethephon increased. Neither treatment affected soluble solids concentrations (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), or juice pH. The highest SSC and TA values were recorded in the untreated controls. Total anthocyanin contents of berry skin increased with each incremental increase in ABA or ethephon. The relationship between anthocyanin content and berry skin colour was linear. Berries that received ABA were firmer than the untreated controls, or those treated with ethephon. Ethephon reduced berry firmness compared to control and ABA-treated grapes. All ABA-treated grapes had better overall berry quality than those which received no treatment or ethephon.


AbstractThe long-term evolution of initially Gaussian eddies is studied in a reduced-gravity shallow-water model using both linear and nonlinear quasigeostrophic theory in an attempt to understand westward-propagating mesoscale eddies observed and tracked by satellite altimetry. By examining both isolated eddies and a large basin seeded with eddies with statistical characteristics consistent with those of observed eddies, it is shown that long-term eddy coherence and the zonal wavenumber–frequency power spectral density are best matched by the nonlinear model. Individual characteristics of the eddies including amplitude decay, horizontal length scale decay, and zonal and meridional propagation speed of a previously unrecognized quasi-stable state are examined. The results show that the meridional deflections from purely westward flow (poleward for cyclones and equatorward for anticyclones) are consistent with satellite observations. Examination of the fluid transport properties of the eddies shows that an...


Despite growing concerns about biodiversity loss and the scarcity of fossil fuels, alternative energy sources are expected to take the lead in the world's energy landscape in the future. CHP systems (combined heat and power) combine electricity and heat energy into a single unit, increasing overall efficiency and lowering carbon emissions. CHPED (combined heat and power economic dispatch) problems are regarded as a difficult and nonlinear power system engineering challenge. Many solutions to this difficult problem have been proposed in recent years. In this article, the author proposes a new optimization algorithm. The Rao-I algorithm, which is metaphor-free and algorithm-specific, is used to solve the CHPED problem. The algorithm is tested on two different systems, and the results are compared to those of other well-known techniques to demonstrate that it is superior at dealing with real-time problems.


THE properties of polymyxin in relation to ocular therapeutics have recently been discussed at some length ; the penetration of this antibiotic into the eye of the rabbit after subconjunctival injection was estimated and the results obtained in the treatment of corneal infection experimentally produced with Ps. pyocyanea have been reported (Ainslie and Smith, 1951). It is well known that this type of ocular infection runs an unusually serious course in man. In view of its resistance to the methods of treatment -including the usual antibiotics-hitherto employed clinically, in contrast to the satisfactory results obtained during investigations on animals, it was decided to proceed with clinical trials. The treatment with Polymyxin E of six proved cases of corneal infection due to Ps. pyocyanea and of two further cases showing the clinical features of such infection but without cultural confirmation are reported below.


History learning is a field of science that aims to build student awareness about the importance of time and place of a process from the past, present, and future. Student awareness of history shows that they are a part of Indonesia who has a sense of pride and love of the homeland that can be implemented in various national and international lives. This article aims to discuss history learning based on digital catalog media that is useful for the teaching and learning process to help students to understand learning to increase their historical awareness. The research is classroom action research. The findings suggest that history learning is essential for students, the use of catalog media in history learning is very helpful to facilitate the teaching and learning process and help students to know, understand, and apply the attitude of historical awareness in everyday life.


The objective of this study was to determine the effect of heat shock treatments on the phytochemicals including antioxidants and anticancer materials in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) sprouts. In study I, kale sprouts grown under the growing system for four days were soaked at 40, 50, or 60℃ distilled water for 10, 30, or 60 seconds, and in study II, kale sprouts were soaked at 50℃ distilled water for 10, 20, 30, 45, or 60 seconds. After the heat shock treatments, the sprouts were transferred into normal growing conditions and recovered there for two days. Fresh and dry weights, electrolyte leakage, total phenolic concentration, antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid concentration, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, and glucosinolates content of the sprouts were measured before and after the heat shock treatments. As a result, there was a significant decrease in the fresh and dry weight of kale sprouts treated with heat shock compared with control at harvest in study I. Especially, heat shock at 60℃ lead to more pronounced growth inhibition compared with heat treatments at 40 and 50℃. Electrolyte leakage by cell collapse was the highest in the sprouts exposed to 60℃ distilled water, which agreed with the growth results. Heat shock at 50℃ significantly induced the accumulation of phenolic compounds. In study II, fresh weight of kale sprouts at 50℃ heat shock showed a significant decrease compared with the control at one and two days after the treatment. However, the decrease was minimal and dry weight of kale sprouts was not significantly different from that in control. In contrast, the heat shock-treated kale sprouts had higher level of total phenolic concentration than control at harvest. Heat shock treatments at 50℃ for 20 seconds or more showed at least 1.5 and 1.2 times higher total phenolic concentration and antioxidants capacity than control, respectively. The change of the total flavonoid concentration was similar with that of antioxidants. PAL activity after 24 hours of heat shock was higher in all the heat shock-treated sprouts than that in control suggesting heat shock may stimulate secondary metabolic pathway in kale sprouts. Seven glucosinolates were identified in kale sprouts and soaking the sprouts with 50℃ water for 20 seconds had a pronounced impact on the accumulation of total glucosinolates as well as two major glucosinolates, progoitrin and sinigrin, at harvest. In conclusion, this study suggests that heat shock using hot water would be a potential strategy to improve nutritional quality of kale sprouts by inducing the accumulation of phytochemicals with antioxidant and anticancer properties.


In this paper, we examine the determinants of domestic sovereign debt bank holdings with a panel dataset of 295 banks in 35 countries between 2002 and 2013. The findings indicate that the structure of bank ownership (domestic, foreign, or government ownership), the quality of governance, and the level of financial development of the countries in which banks operate all determine the level of home bias. Specifically, we find that domestic banks tend to hold more domestic sovereign debt relative to their foreign counterparts. We also provide evidence that home bias is even stronger when the domestic bank is controlled by its government. Moreover, home bias increases when government bonds are more risky, home governments are less effective, and when banking systems are less financially developed. Overall, we find that banks' home bias in holding sovereign debt is an international phenomenon that is determined by both bank- and country-specific factors.


It has been averred that there is an international market in housing (inter alia, Adams Z and Füss R (2010) Macroeconomic determinants of international housing markets. Journal of Housing Economics 19(1): 38–50; Helbling T and Terrones M (2003) When Bubbles Burst – Chapter II, World Economic Outlook. April. Washington, DC: IMF; Pomogajko K and Voigtländer M (2012) Co-movement of house price cycles – A factor analysis. International Journal of Housing Markets & Analysis 5(4): 414–427). Although some authors examine the business cycle range, the mechanism by which this comes about is more likely to reflect financial market integration and evidence for this should be found in the medium-term cycle range. As a case study, there is an analysis of three associated 'regional' housing markets and their price movements. Northern Ireland's economy is distinct but should be linked to the rest of the UK by common policy shocks, and to Eire through a mutual border. Using a Friedman test, it is found that even this small cluster is not integrated. It is asserted that a housing cycle has both a financial and a business component. As Drehmann et al. (Drehmann M, Borio C and Tstasaronis K (2012) Characterising the financial cycle: Don't lose sight of the medium term! BIS Working Papers, No. 380, Bank for International Settlements, June) argue, cycles in the medium-term range are significant in housing. A dual component approach highlights the relevance of cyclical interaction for both revealing integration and the need to intervene to moderate cyclical reinforcement for crisis-avoidance. After 1995, Dublin and London are found to be more integrated than before, which is consistent with the international city integration thesis of Holly et al. (Holly S, Pesaran H and Yamagata T (2011) The spatio-temporal diffusion of house prices in the UK. Journal of Urban Economics 69(1): 2–23). Lastly, a simple test for cyclical asymmetry indicates that there is highness (the obverse of deepness, where the troughs are deeper than peaks) in the UK financial cycle.


www.zkg.de They can be solid, liquid or pasty with different densities, different viscosities, different dry material contents, and different particle sizes, etc. After quality assessment the pretreatment and homogenization units from the SID Group enable the cement manufacturer to use many preselected and eligible types of waste in different consistencies together in one installation. In order to create a suitable menu for co-processing, i.e. calorific value, ash and heavy metal content or consistence, an appropriate and constant quality of slurry can be achieved. The special pumping technology used in the SMP system allows the cement manufacturer to pump slurries through a high density pipe to the injection lance delivering the slurries into the precalciner as easily as liquids. The high density pipe can easily be routed to any configuration and integrated into an existing plant.


In the past decades, the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has been gradually increasing, owing to
the widespread use of ultrasound scanning devices. However, the key mRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNA-miRNA network in
papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has not been fully understood.

 In this study, multiple bioinformatics methods were employed, including differential expression
analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and miRNA-mRNA interaction network construction.

 First, we investigated the key miRNAs that regulated significantly more differentially expressed genes based on
GSEA method. Second, we searched for the key miRNAs based on the mRNA-miRNA interaction subnetwork involved
in PTC. We identified hsa-mir-1275, hsa-mir-1291, hsa-mir-206 and hsa-mir-375 as the key miRNAs involved in PTC
pathogenesis.

The integrated analysis of the gene and miRNA expression data not only identified key mRNAs, miRNAs,
and mRNA-miRNA network involved in papillary thyroid carcinoma, but also improved our understanding of the
pathogenesis of PTC.


In this article, wear performance of patterned and non-patterned tetrahedral carbon thin film (ta-C) is compared in the presence of various lubricants. For this purpose, wear tests were conducted at temperatures (40 °C–125 °C) which are normally found during automotive engine operation. Wear test were conducted at 100 N load and 120 min. The results showed that bio-based lubricant show better wear performance at 40 and 80 °C compared to PAO lubricant for both laser patterned and non-patterned ta-C thin film. However, at the temperature of 125 °C, PAO showed better wear performance than palm based TMP ester. This can be because of unstable film formation at higher temperatures in case of bio-based lubricant. It was also found that patterned ta-C thin films shows higher wear resistance than non-patterned thin film. This can be because of micro pores which can provide lubricant, capture micro and nano wear particle and behave as micro hydrodynamic bearings.


Technology transfer is often perceived to be transfer of intellectual property (IP). Very few realize that there are other means of transferring technology. Most common means of technology transfer is the transfer of the IP alone. While this is interesting in itself, it is not the best means of transferring technology in all cases. IP such as patents, trademark and copyrighted material can easily be transferred in this manner. However, that is the lowest level of technology transfer possible. The next level of technology transfer is the ability to handover technology from the originating team to the recipient team. This involves having the creator(s) of technology innovation working with a team from the recipient side handing over technology and know-how. Transfer of software works best in this manner. This level is followed by the next higher form wherein the person or team creating the intellectual property is transferred over to the recipient company. This would certainly be of immense value in situations where a trade secret is being transferred. Excellent examples of level three technology transfer are leading and bleeding edge technologies in domains such as space and military. The best form of technology transfer is when the team/the entire organization and the culture are transferred over. This is where the most challenges are met in merger and acquisition situations. The paper will illustrate some examples from experience working in a publicly funded research lab