Since the reopening of municipal elections and the reinstatement of the role of local authorities in 1998, the relationship between local governance and service delivery has grown in importance. With the influx of Syrian refugees to Lebanon, policy priorities and humanitarian and crisis response interventions have been increasingly focused on municipalities and unions of municipalities. But the creation of more than 350 new municipalities since 1998 has made municipalities smaller, weaker, and more dependent on the central government and foreign funding to fulfil their duties. It has also made the elected municipal councils more prone to the interference of political parties and the influence of sectarian patrons to receive technical guidance and access funding opportunities.


This paper introduces a novel method for enhancement of fingerprint image by means of eliminating the artificial induced boundaries, precise background omission, avoid oversaturation of the image in homogeneous areas, with no intermediate filtering and computational complexity. In order to eliminate the induced boundaries, CLAHE (contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization) technique is employed. dasiaClip limitpsila is then applied in order to avoid oversaturation of the image in homogeneous areas. Subsequently, the image is disintegrated into an array of distinct blocks and the discrimination of the blocks is obtained by computing the standard deviation of the matrix elements to remove the image background. Once the boundaries for the region of interest is obtained, a new modified thinning method using slide neighborhood processing is applied to clarify the endpoints and the bifurcations in each specific pixel. The purpose of this paper is to develop a simple and accurate method to improve and enhance the fingerprint image through a simulated investigation.


Pteridines unsubstituted in the 4-position have been prepared from pyrazine intermediates by a new, general method that permits synthesis of several pteridines which could not be made from pyrimidine intermediates.


Introduction Whereas there is a loss of sodium and chloride from sweat glands in the skin, there is an increased viscosity of the secretion from mucous glands of the respiratory tract mucosa causing intraduct stagnation and obstruction. Ultimately there is dilatation ofthe tubules and glandular acini. Hyperviscous secretions dry out within the ducts of the glands leading to secondary obstruction and infection. Tlhe hyperviscosity may be due to a change in water or electrolyte content, alteration in glycoprotein secretion, or possibly a defect in sympathetic autonomic innervation. The underlying mucociliary structure and function is normal until it is altered by secondary infection. It is on the basis of these underlying changes that the ENT manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) develop. It is relatively rare for such cases to present initially to ENT departments. Nowadays most have been diagnosed as a consequence of chronic progressive pulmonary disease or gastrointestinal problems affecting the pancreas and biliary tract. Nevertheless, occasionally children with chronic cough presenting to ENT departments are found to have a positive sweat test, confirming previously undiagnosed CF. Such children may be confused with those suffering from asthma; sinusitis with a post nasal drip; chronic bronchitis from other causes; gastro-oesophageal reflux; vascular aberration; and less often, previously undiagnosed subglottic stenosis; tracheo malacia; bronchogenic cysts and foreign bodies'. Most commonly there are signs and symptoms within the nasal passages and sinuses which result from the underlying changes within the mucous glands and ducts. Less frequently, there may be abnormalities in the larynx and salivary glands. It is now accepted that aural changes seen in patients with CF are incidental rather than causally related.


The model parameters for the multimode differential pompom constitutive equation were determined for densely branched, sparsely branched, and linear polyethylene resins. The versatility and robustness of the pompom model is demonstrated through good rheological predictions in both shear and extensional deformations. The model parameters obtained for the sparsely branched materials indicate that the frequency of long-chain branching dominates the degree of strain hardening observed in uniaxial extension. This finding agrees well with the proposed mechanism of long-chain branching using constrained-geometry metallocene catalysts. The model parameters agree qualitatively with the long-chain branch content determined from dilute solution measurements. Furthermore, the values of the number of pompom arms (i.e., the priority) were found to be quite high even for the sparsely branched materials but were only associated with the longest relaxation times. This suggests that branching for the metallocene systems ma...


The universal energy predicament and the exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves necessitate the requirement for green and dependable source of energy. Renewable energies are produced from the natural processes that are replenished such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. Furthermore, transmission of electricity which is tantamount to high cost and energy losses resulted to the integration technology of distributed generator (DG) during the past decade to supplements centralized generation. DGs are sustainable solution to provide electricity to customers at reliable and affordable price. This paper is an overview of renewable energy sources as used in distributed generation by presenting an updated data of the status of renewable energy resources. It also discusses impact of DG in distribution system, benefits of DG and its classification. Renewable DG technologies and factor hindering establishment of Distributed Generation were also highlighted.


A method of measuring and the subsequent analysis of this data has indicated that the "thermal time constant" of silicon diffused transistors decreases with increasing neutron dosage. Emperically, it was noted that thermal time constant degradation constants, Ko, can be assigned to all devices examined. For the silicon planar devices studied, degradation constants varied from 2.6 × 10-13cm2/neut for the radiation resistant devices, to 1.4 × 10-12 cm2/neut for other devices examined. By examining previous data for single diffused transistors the thermal time constant degradation factor was 2 × 10-11 cm2/neut. The conclusion of this report is that the "thermal time constant, which is related to second breakdown, effectively degrades upon exposure to neutron radiation, thereby decreasing the safe operating area of the device. However, the extent of degradation per dose may be predictable by data presented in the text.


The paper conducted an investigation into sports public curriculum and extracurricular sports interest in four universities of china with the use of reference and questionnaire.It showed that sports public courses and extra-curricular sports interest were unreasonable in colleges and that extra-curricular interest of students and extracurricular sports interest courses were different.In response to these problems to be investigated and analyzed,some feasible advices will be put forward.


As a sector invested in staff from overseas, the impact Brexit will have on veterinary practices should not be underestimated. Sandeep Dattani of Harrison Clark Rickerbys Solicitors encourages action.


Rett's syndrome, a pervasive developmental disorder, is a rare, progressive, neurodevelopmental disorder that has been reported only in the girl child. A case of an 8-year-old girl with Rett' syndrome is presented here. This girl had normal development till the age of 3 years. However, gradually over the next few months, she lost her acquired, purposeful hand skills; expressive and receptive language; and reciprocal social interaction; she gradually developed a broad-based gait and typical stereotyped hand movements. EEG and MRI were abnormal. Awareness of this disorder is required for early diagnosis and prompt treatment. All female children with low intelligence and autistic symptoms should be suspected of having Rett's syndrome until proved otherwise (German J Psychiatry 2010; 13 (3): 157–160).


Unsafe injections remain a problem in the United States and throughout the world, according to a recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.


SIStem PELayaran SATelit (SISPELSAT), a National DGPS system was installed in January 2003. SISPELSAT is the primary navigational-aid for vessels navigating within the shore of Peninsular Malaysia, operated and managed by the Marine Department of Peninsular Malaysia. The system consisted of two beacon stations, located at Lumut and Kuantan, which are transmitting GPS differential corrections to area within 250 km radius. One Master
Station set-up at the Marine Department Headquarters at Port Klang, functions as the main monitoring station for the system, while another station at Langkawi acted as the secondary monitoring station. This paper presents results of a study conducted in August 2003 to evaluate on the service availability and coverage of SISPELSAT beacon at Kuantan for the service area around the South China Sea. Results have found that within the intended service coverage area of 250 km, signal strength varies erratically. Initial study has suggested that interferences to the radio wave propagation as the main factor.


We present transport and structural data from epitaxial (100) and (111) Au/Fe superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. From their analysis, we conclude that an electron channeling mechanism, due to strong specular reflection of the minority spin carrier at the Au/Fe interfaces, is responsible for the high conductivity in the (100) superlattices.


Purpose: This retrospective cross-sectional, observational study aims to determine the correlation between demographic variables and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The inclusion criteria were nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and the exclusion criteria were patients who did not have complete records. Results: The sample included 49 patients and mainly women. Patients with more than 4 days in the intensive care unit were related with more complications. Intracranial Hypertension was seen predominantly in patients between 6 and 8 months P=0007. Conclusion: Some variables can modificate complications risk but future studies are needed to further investigate the influence of such variables on craniofacial care.


Objective To provide scientific evidence for the pharmacognostic identification and exploitation and utilization of Actinidia Species. Methods Actinidia Species from two different origins and four locations were Bower Actinidia Root( from Nanning of Guangxi and Jinhua of Zhejiang) and Yangtao Actinidia Root( from Enshi of Hubei and Xinyang of Henan). They were shattered into powder and sifted by 4 sieve. Then microscopic slides of the powder were made through chloral hydrate and distilled water.The microscopic characteristic diagrams were taken under the microscope observation. Ultrasonic processing of four powders was taken after methanol added. And physical and chemical identification was proceeded through thin- layer chromatography after filter and concentration. Results Actinidia Species from two different origin and four locations had raphides,sclereids,starch grains,wood fibers and bordered pit vessel,but had some difference between the quantity and distribution of raphides and red brown mass. In physical and chemical identification,methanol extract showed yellow- green fluorescence in the UV lamp( 365 nm).Conclusion The microscopic identification and physical and chemical identification of Actinidia Species from two different origins and four locations played an important role on the medicinal materials identification and efficacy.


The present invention relates to a hand-held backpack power supply device for a tool, comprising a backpack body, said body comprising a rigid frame backpacks, belts and straps, said straps and belts are respectively connected to the rigid frame, the rigid frame comprises a cap frame body and a bottom bracket, the frame body is provided with a quick-locking device, the battery pack is provided on the bottom bracket, the battery pack locking device by flash rigidly connected to the frame, is provided with a breathable mesh fabric on a rigid frame, the advantages of the present invention are: by quick-locking device the battery pack stably and reliably fixed to the rigid frame, the battery pack to prevent bending or slipping wounding other gestures; portion of the rigid body in contact with the back frame using mining mesh breathable fabric, breathable and comfortable not argue hurt the human body; with soft strong straps and belts the battery pack back on the human body, both hands grip without increasing weight, more easy and convenient.


In this, our seventh issue, we adopt a new focus. Four scholars representing a variety of disciplines (law, ethics, archaeology, art history, anthropology and museum management) examine the notion of a licit market in cultural property. Their object is to elucidate and test the proposition that cultural traffic benefits humanity; that those benefits are threatened by absolute, universal prohibitions on removal; and that a vigorous but honourable mercantile interest, far from subverting those benefits, can promote and enhance them.' The subject has suffered from neglect. The UNESCO 1976 Recommendation Concerning the International Exchange of Cultural Property, which exhorted States to explore new ways of encouraging cross-border exchanges, was aspirational and inspired few visible initiatives. Scholarly and governmental neglect of the subject may be understandable, given the more exigent problems of restitution in the event of unlawful removal. But the question itself is not new. As John Merryman observes, in a paper entitled A Licit International Trade in Cultural Objects, international recognition of the value of disseminating cultural property can be traced back, via the UNESCO Convention of 1970, to the Hague Convention of 1954. While neither Convention (in common with the 1976 Recommendation) explicitly espouses the market as the proper vehicle for distribution, John Merryman detects in these instruments an "agreement in principle that the international movement of cultural objects... serves desirable ends and should be encouraged", and casts a sceptical eye upon the verities of "retentive cultural nationalism". There are resonances in this paper of David Murphy's critical examination of the embargo approach to the protection of antiquities in the People's Republic of China, published inour last (sixth) issue. Clemency Coggins, in A Licit International Traffic in Ancient Art: Let There be Light!, rejoins that the Hague Convention had nothing to do with the art market and was concerned with the safety of the common heritage, not its commercial purveyance. She also questions whether the notion of a licit and officially-sanctioned trade, however logical and appealing in principle, would work in practice. Is it, for example, realistic to suppose that even under a more liberal regime a


This study proposes a noninvasive end-to-end blood pressure (BP) classification model based on electrocardiography (ECG), dividing BP into three categories, namely, normotension (N), prehypertension (Pre), and hypertension (H). This study includes three parts: (1) preprocessing ECG signals, including cutting signals into fixed-length segments and denoising; (2) building a proper ResNet model with a 1D convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) to train data; and (3) evaluating the performance of the classification model. The classification algorithm can identify three types of BP, and the accuracy rate of the classification algorithm over the test set is 87.89%.


In this paper,according to the special nature of building products and complexity of the construction,it is analyzed of 5M1E quality factors of construction projects,combined with the actual project quality management,the paper puts forward corresponding improvement measures,aimed at strengthening construction project in the whole process of dynamic quality control from quality planning,process,so as to improve the quality of construction enterprises management efficiency.It is value in our accounting practice.


State Rail Training has introduced computer-assisted learning (CAL) in a successful new work-based program for its freight rail drivers. This article, written by the manager of State Rail Training, discusses the reasons for using CAL and explains why the program is proving successful.


Resumen en: Presented during the spanish colony as the best exemple of the ?christians indians?, faithfull servants of the missionners, the Jebero natives have suffe...


Low Back Pain (LBP) is a problem of civilizations, with epidemiological data clearly indicating the growth of the population affected by the condition. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics of low back pain in outpatients. This is a prospective study. A total of 274 patients with lumbago were followed up at University Hospital Centre in Tirana, Albania during the years 2010-2015.The records of patients whose chief complaint was first time LBP were reviewed in detail, including their medical histories, examinations, imaging, and consultations with other specialists. Demographic data, such as age and gender, were reviewed. According to anatomical location predominates pain in the lower back alone (44.2%) followed by lower back and spine (34.3%), lower back and hip (7.2%), lower back and SIJ (4.5%). Low back pain is one of the most common reasons that patients seek care from a primary care physician.


With the rapid development of the electricity market and the smart grid, the variation of the price of electricity will influence user's power consumption pattern, which will challenge the existing load forecasting methods that are applied to a fixed-price environment. In regard to the influence of real-time price on load, this paper introduces the real-time price as an influencing factor when building the load forecasting model. Meanwhile, it verifies the chaotic characteristics of the load and electricity price time series by extracting the fractal dimension and Lyapunov exponent, and then combining the phase space reconstruction theory of chaotic time series and the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) to establish a load forecasting model. Also, the adaptive particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is used to optimize the model parameters, and a real-time power load forecasting method is obtained. Finally, the real data of PJM power system are taken as an example for simulation studies, and the prediction results are compared with those obtained by the radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN). The results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and stability.


Recently, many numerical methods based on potential flow theory have been used to analyze the hydrodynamic effect of a floating body, particularly floating offshore wind turbine. However, conventional potential based methods can not directly and accurately consider the complex viscous interference effects for the motion of multi-structure platform geometry. To accurately account for this effect, it essentially requires additional numerical modification process based on experimental data. This paper deals with unsteady computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of a semi-submersible platform for a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) with dynamic motion based on overset grid approach. In this study, a coupled flow and multi-body dynamic analysis has been applied based on the volume of fraction (VOF) approach to investigate the hydrodynamic responses of a typical semi-submersible floater. A mooring system is also considered. It is practically shown that the present results show good correlations with experimental data as it is without any further modification unlike other potential based method.


Aim To investigate the application of anticoagulation therapy after heartmechanical valve replacements,and to explore the monitoring index and complication.Methods Clinical data of 356 cases of the application of anticoagulation therapy after heart mechanical valve replacements from July 2001 to July 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Follow-up has been from 6 months to 6 years,average 2 years and 9 months.INR is(1.96±0.48),and MD of warfarin is(3.02±0.66).11 patients were found haemorrhage,1 patient dead because of brain haemorrhage,8 patients found thromboembolia during application of anticoagulation therapy after operation.Conclusion Correct application of anticoagulation therapy after heart mechanical valve replacements,To control INR in the range of 1.8~2.5,can reduce complication of anticoagulation therapy,obtain a satisfactory result of preventing embolism or haemorrhage,improve standards of enhance life after heart mechanical valve replacement.


The ability for a bio-operator to utilise a haptic device to manipulate a microrobot for intracellular injection offers immense benefits. One significant benefit is for the bio-operator to receive haptic guidance while performing the injection process. In order to address this, this paper investigates the use of haptic virtual fixtures for cell injection and proposes a novel force field virtual fixture. The guidance force felt by the bio-operator is determined by force field analysis within the virtual fixture. The proposed force field virtual fixture assists the bio-operator when performing intracellular injection by limiting the micropipette tip's motion to a conical volume as well as recommending the desired path for optimal injection. A virtual fixture plane is also introduced to prevent the bio-operator from moving the micropipette tip beyond the deposition target inside the cell. Simulation results demonstrate the operation of the guidance system.


THE YEAR 1942 has seen notable additions to Quaker hagiography— full-length biographies of three men who have had a profound influence upon Quaker life and thought. The three lives were so spaced that their stories covered the years 1638 to 1855 in an almost continuous span—Woolman was born four years after Keith's death, and died the year before Grellet was born. But though the span is almost continuous, the individual stories are strikingly individual, and the styles of narration interestingly different. George Keith is a detailed factual presentation ; John Woolman is a spiritual portrait ; Stephen Grellet is a scholarly, spirited narrative, based partly on sources not heretofore utilized, which achieves portraiture by showing its subject in action.


The electrical properties of poly-Si thin film transistors (TFTs) using rapid thermal annealing with various gate oxide thicknesses were studied in this work. It was found that Poly-Si TFT electrical characteristics with the thinnest gate oxide thickness after RTA treatment exhibits the largest performance improvement compared to TFT with thick oxide as a result of the increased incorporated amounts of the nitrogen and oxygen. Thus, the combined effects can maintain the advantages and avoid the disadvantages of scaled-down oxide, which is suitable for small-to-medium display mass production.


EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):

Early in 1993, Cyclone Kina struck the Fiji Islands, causing more than $100 million in property damage and damaging the coral environment as well. A few days after the cyclone, the most damaged reef was studied. The same reef had been studied 6 months before. This reef crest is dominated by Acropora. Comparison showed that 80-90% of the Acropora was torn from the outer reef and deposited in the inner lagoon. ... It is estimated that it will take a few years to 30 years for the reef to recover to pre-Kina conditions.


Specialist staff, loyal, adaptive with organization's goals and values and involved to the job is the main and necessary need for every organization. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and job involvement among the employees of selected industrial corporations in Khorasan Razavi Province (Iran). The method was descriptive-correlational and the sample included 150 randomly selected employees of the corporations. The scales of the study consisted of the short form (60-questions) of NEO-FFI personality questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and job involvement questionnaire (Kanungo, 1982) and reliability of those were 0.74 and 0.83 respectively. The results showed that, among the five personality characteristics with job involvement, there was a significant relationship. Step-wise regression analyses showed that the neuroticism and agreeableness negatively, openness to experience positively were able to predict job involvement. On the basis of the obtained relationship between job involvement and personality characteristics, employment screening tests regarding personality characteristics is recommended to be considered. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n4S1p118


A 65-year-old male patient who was known to have type 2 diabetes mellitus and was receiving treatment for the same for the last 20 years presented with pain and stiffness of neck with limited mobility of cervical spine, and progressive dysphagia of 1 month duration. His glycaemic control was good and he did not have evidence of diabetic nephropathy. Radiograph of the cervical spine showed florid, anterior flowing of bridging osteophytes from C3-C6 vertebra (Figures 1A and 1B) impinging on the oesophagus with preservation of disc spaces. There was no evidence of apophyseal joint degeneration or sacroiliac inflammatory changes. The patient was diagnosed to have diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) as per the classification criteria defined by Resnick and Niwayama.1,2


Glucuronidation and sulfation are the two major phase II metabolic pathways for flavones, natural compounds that hold great potential for improving human health. We investigated the positional preference for sulfation and glucuronidation of seven structurally similar flavones in vitro and in situ. An FVB mouse intestinal perfusion model was used in addition to three small intestine S9 fractions catalyzing sulfation only (Sult enzymes), glucuronidation only (Ugt enzymes) or both (Sult and Ugt enzymes). In both the single and co‐reaction S9 systems, flavones containing 7‐OH groups were conjugated only at 7‐OH despite the presence of other hydroxyl groups, and 7‐OH glucuronidation was faster than sulfation (P < 0.05). The sulfation rate was enhanced in the Sult‐Ugt co‐reaction system, while glucuronidation was usually unchanged by the presence of Sult. In the intestinal perfusate, sulfation patterns were the same in the small intestine and colon, and the excretion rate of 7‐O‐sulfate was the fastest or second fastest. The excretion of 7‐O‐glucuronidates was faster in small intestine (P < 0.05) than in colon. The S9‐mediated sulfation rates of the different flavones were significantly correlated with the excretion rates of the same flavones from perfused intestine. In conclusion, flavone glucuronidation and sulfation rates were sensitive to minor changes in molecular structure. In intestinal S9 fractions, both Ugts and Sults preferentially catalyzed reactions at 7‐OH. The sulfation rate was significantly enhanced by simultaneous glucuronidation, but glucuronidation was unaltered by sulfation. Sulfation rates in mouse S9 fractions correlated with sulfation rates in perfused intestine. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Shale swelling is a complicated matter and some detailed descriptions confuse many engineers in practice. A simplified shale swelling model is introduced which the mechanical and chemical equilibrium equation is set up based on the relationship between platelet water and pore water. This new model reveals that the activity of platelet water changes along with the environmental stress, and the water activity of shale cores measured under normal pressure in laboratory is not true in real stress condition.


Tiivistelmä-Referat-Abstract This thesis studies the state of the childhood of the street boys in an urban Bangladeshi setting. The aim of the study is to examine the issues those concerns the perception of these children's childhood and the way they construct their identity within the context of the street. This thesis addresses that the childhood is a contested domain even within a particular people. The setting of this ethnographic study is the Kamlapur Railway Station of the city of Dhaka. The core of the data consists of six months long participant observations with 15 street boys. The boys are chosen randomly and the age ranges between 8 years to 16 years. This study shows that there are many discourses of childhood prevalent even in a homogenous society like Bangladesh. Here the major discourses of Bangladeshi childhood create a background for understanding the context of the childhood of the street. One of the major features of this study is the heavy use of lengthy personal narratives and conversations. These materials secure the marginal child's voice without any distortion and dehumanisation. The concern of this study is about locating the Kamlapur boys' inside the childhood discourses. One of the main conclusions of this study is the way the context of the street is internalised by the children close to it, which resembles the overall state of their childhood.


The present work is devoted to the 2D simulation of a point-to-plane Atmospheric Corona Discharge Reactor (ACDR) powered by a DC high voltage supply. The corona reactor is periodically crossed by thin mono filamentary streamers with a natural repetition frequency of some tens of kHz. The study compares the results obtained in dry air and in air mixed with a small amount of water vapour (humid air). The simulation involves the electro-dynamics, chemical kinetics and neutral gas hydrodynamics phenomena that influence the kinetics of the chemical species transformation. Each discharge lasts about one hundred of a nanosecond while the post-discharge occurring between two successive discharges lasts one hundred of a microsecond. The ACDR is crossed by a lateral dry or humid air flow initially polluted with 400 ppm of NO. After 5 ms, the time corresponding to the occurrence of 50 successive discharge/post-discharge phases, a higher NO removal rate and a lower ozone production rate are found in humid air. This change is due to the presence of the HO2 species formed from the H primary radical in the discharge zone.


Performance improvement methods for the operation of 2.5 Gbps rated low-cost DML sources at 10 Gbps over record distances are studied by means of chirp characteristics, offset receiver filtering and DFE equalization.


The thesis of this article is that influenced by pre-accession European Union (EU) conditionality, Bulgaria and Romania are allowing a considerable number of EU-related issues in their domestic political agendas. Ideally, this will translate into increasing awareness and harmonization with EU policy-making mechanisms in the two countries, which, in turn, will make the prospect of EU membership more achievable. From the point of view of Europeanization literature, this article makes a case that, domestically, potential membership in the EU can function as an incentive for the modernisation of the political, economic and social systems of candidate countries. The article outlines how through the mechanism of conditionality the burden of Europeanization falls on domestic elites who are pressured to speed up reforms in order to meet EU accession criteria. Identified are several levels on which Europeanization has proceeded in Bulgaria and Romania such as the economic, the ideational, and the institutional.


Abstract Chicone et al [CMP (1995)] have shown that, kinematic fast dynamos in diffusive me-dia, could exist only on a closed, 2D Riemannian manifold of constant negative curvature.This report, shows that their result cannot be extended to oscillatory α 2 -dynamos, whenthere are resonance modes, between toroidal and poloidal frequencies of twisted magneticflux tubes. Thus, dynamo action can be supported in regions, where Riemannian curva-ture is positive. For turbulent dynamos, this seems physically reasonable, since recently,[Shukurov et al PRE (2008)] have obtained a Moebius flow strip in sodium liquid, torusPerm dynamo where curvature is also connected to the magnetic fields via diffusion. Thiscould be done, by adjusting the corresponding frequencies till they achieved resonance.Actually 2D torus, is a manifold of zero mean curvature, where regions of positive andnegative curvatures exist. It is shown that, Riemannian solitonic surface, endowed witha steady α 2 -dynamo from magnetic filamentary structures [Wilkin et al,PRL (2007)].


Trigonometric transcendental functions such as the sine and cosine functions are shown to be effective as transfer functions in a backpropagation network. Unlike the logistic function, the cosine and sine transfer functions are capable of solving the XOR problem with one processing node. Experiments using the sine and cosine instead of the logistic function show that these function may converge more quickly for certain classes of problems, especially when polynomial correlations are found in training data. Taylor series expansion shows why, for some problems, these functions may give faster convergence than the logistic function.<<ETX>>


Abstract Substantial numbers of the nautilid Cenoceras occur in a stratigraphically limited horizon within the upper part of the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian Stage) Blue Lias Formation at Watchet on the West Somerset Coast (United Kingdom). Individual nautilid conchs are associated with clusters of encrusting organisms (sclerobionts) forming 'islands' that may have been raised slightly above the surrounding substrate. Despite the relatively large numbers of nautilid conchs involved, detailed investigation of their preservation suggests that their accumulation reflects a reduction in sedimentation rates rather than an influx of empty conches or moribund animals. Throughout those horizons in which nautilids are present in relative abundance, the remains of ammonites are subordinate or rare. The reason for this unclear, and preferential dissolution of ammonite conchs during their burial does seem to provide a satisfactory solution to the problem.


Range of laboratory analysis of full-size core and rock samples depend on aim of research. Investigation of geological structure and geophysical rock properties, EOR solution need the different core analysis. But there is a wide range of necessary analysis for all tasks. In this paper stages of core investigation and corresponding core analysis is discussed. Application of up-to-date analysis results of carbonate rocks is shown on the case examples.


Current conflicts in the international arena are wars of insurgent action. As this action has proven necessary in the building of nations historically, the increased utilization of tactics to include guerilla war and terrorism has become commonplace. The proper identification of conditions, which promote violence, as well as exacerbate the utilization of promotion of political violence (terrorism) increases counterinsurgency and counterterrorism tools available for proper combat against such actions. Proper utilization of governmental reforms to include economic, social, and communicative, has the effects to minimize the need for insurgent action, allowing marginalized groups self-determination in a functioning state.


The invention discloses an integrated automation communication system of a transformer substation, which comprises a communication backbone network, at least a monitoring center which includes an inside network of the monitoring center that is connected with the communication backbone network by a gateway of the monitoring center, at least a transformer substation which comprises an inside network of the transformer substation that is connected with the communication backbone network by a gateway of the transformer substation. In the system of the invention, various data are classified and then different priority processing algorithms are adopted for different data so as to ensure that the corresponding data can obtain the corresponding transmission priority. Therefore, the real-time performance and reliability of system data can be improved.


This paper presents an analysis of Danish free relative constructions. Fol- lowing Bresnan and
Grimshaw (1978) we will adopt a wh-head (in Danish hv-head) analysis where the hv-phrase is the head
of an NP. Also following Bresnan and Grimshaw (1978) we will propose an analysis which does not
involve a filler-gap dependency between the hv-phrase and the gap in the sis- ter clause. Instead we
will propose that the gap in the sister clause is bound off by a constructional constraint. In this
way the analysis will be shown to differ from previous HPSG wh-head analyses of free relatives.


Photograph of an unidentified woman smiling for the photo, taken at UNT's New College Campus in Frisco, TX. She was captured writing on a document at the new facility. The television in the background has UNT's logo.


The forms and requirements of the foldable plastic cases are introduced. Optimized designs of the foldable plastic case structures and the injection mould structures are discussed, which can serve as a guide for the development and application of this new type of packing cases.


Watershed degradation has resulted in high risk of erosion followed by risk of flooding in the lowlands and has become the most livelihoods' threatening factor in Ethiopia in general and in the fragile watersheds of Hawassa Zuria District in particular. The objectives of this study were: (a) to assess farmers' practices of land, water and biomass management in order to improve their livelihoods; (b) to assess the existing risks and interventions and the condition of the watershed; (c) to assess the socio‐economic patterns of the farmers in the watershed. A group discussion with different stakeholders, key informant interviews and observational survey through transect walks have been used as methods of data collection. The study result has shown that the most threatening factor of degradation is gully erosion due to vegetation removal from the watershed. About 94% of the farmers used and agreed that they stabilised gullies by physical and biological measures; 60% and 88% of the respondents, respectively have indicated diversion of run‐off above the gully and improvement of gully catchments as a means of gully erosion measures and reduce flooding risks in the lowlands. Community awareness creation on natural resource conservation and management as well as resolving tenure disagreements can also play role in gully control and land rehabilitation.


Human gait is performed by the locomotion of the lower limbs. The basic spatial parameters of gait cycle were measured in laboratory for the young healthy subjects including 13 females and one male in two conditions i.e. barefoot (assuming healthy gait) and wearing only one shoe (assuming unhealthy or compensated gait). The comparison between the two conditions was studied for the average values of step length, stride length, base of support and step width. Also, the standard deviation and coefficient of variance were calculated individually for each parameter of healthy subjects. The average values of the initial three parameters were greater for the healthy subjects while the fourth parameter calculated was greater for the unhealthy


Tree water use (Ec) can be simulated from environmental variables. Such Ec 17 models can be categorized as firstly the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation where canopy 18 conductance (gc) is simulated from the Jarvis-Stewart (JS) approach, secondly the models 19 modified from the JS approach that link Ec directly with environmental variables (MJS), 20 avoiding the calculation of gc, and thirdly process-based models that incorporate plant 21 physiological functions. Tree water use and canopy conductance are constrained by the 22 root-zone soil water supply and atmospheric demand (e.g., radiation, temperature, 23 humidity and wind speed). This study aims to determine which type of Ec models 24 performs better at the daily and hourly scales, and which influencing factors are more 25 critical for Ec modeling at each time scale. We also examined the transferability of 26 parameter values across temporal scales as this is a common issue that modelers need to 27 deal with. The results show that the MJS and a simplified process-based model (BTA) 28 models gave generally better simulations than the PM models at the hourly scale, and the 29 best PM model gave comparable results to the best MJS model at the daily scale. BTA 30 failed at the daily scale on the tree under water stress likely due to its incorporation of 31 soil water availability into an integrated parameter. Soil water content function is more 32 important for daily Ec modeling than hourly in all models. For MJS models, soil water 33 content function has a stronger influence than air temperature on hourly Ec modeling, 34 while no significant difference was observed in the PM models. Parameter values were 35 not transferrable across temporal scales; and calibrating parameters in each season rather 36 than in the first a number of days of all seasons helped improve the total Ec simulations. 37


The invention relates to a power window apparatus for a vehicle, especially for a motor vehicle or utility vehicle, the power window device, an at least one guide web exhibiting guide member for guiding a vehicle window pane by the guide rail and having a with the vehicle window pane coupled and guided by the guide member driving part, wherein the driver part two has with respect to the driver part immovable guide portions which are guided by the same guide path of the guide part.


Received April 04, 2012; Accepted April 25, 2012 Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to compare opening method of the exploitation fronts in deep horizons of Trepca Stanterg lead and zinc mine and to evaluate on a conceptual basis if a shaft or a ramp is most suited for underground access requirements from horizon XI to XII which are located on above sea level 15.20m to -45.20m. Even the existing shaft is built until horizon XI there is high water in-flow on the depth, which would prevent continuation of the shaft construction. Underground access can be provided by a shaft, ramp, adit, or slope for either exploration and/or actual production operations. This paper was focused on the construction cost and schedule differences between shaft deepening and ramp excavation which are currently the most typical access alternatives used currently. According to the literature there is no clear answer to state that one method is better because it depend on the ground situation and circumstances. Several different conditions will be assessed in order to find the degree of sensitivity of methods, in particular comparison of the construction cost and schedule or sinking a shaft to excavating a ramp given different ground and hydrological conditions. This practice could be experienced in other similar mines as well.


Real time ship manoeuvring simulations are a valuable source of information in the detailed design phase of nautical studies. The feedback of pilots, which is not available for fast time simulations that are carried out by a computerized autopilot, is an important asset in the evaluation of the feasibility of ship manoeuvres. However, real time simulations are significantly more expensive in that realistic 3D visuals are needed so that the pilot can immerse himself in a sailing environment. Modelling and generating such 3D views is time consuming and requires expensive hardware and special skills. Real time simulations that offer only a 2D bird's eye view for the execution of manoeuvres by pilots, can sometimes be used as a cheaper and faster alternative. This paper presents a case study that evaluates the nautical access to two harbours and discusses some of the advantages and disadvantages of a real time bird's eye view setup.


The thermal conductivity, the electrical resistivity, and the thermoelectric power of Inconel 702, a material recently proposed as a thermal conductivity standard, have been measured in the temperature range of 0° to 1100 °C. It was found that these properties are complex functions of both the temperature and the heat treatment of the alloy; some of the observed variations can be correlated qualitatively with the interactions of the known phase-structures in Inconel 702, and with the formation of the "K state". It is the opinion of the authors that the observed dependence of the properties on the thermal history of the specimen renders Inconel 702 unsuitable as a thermal conductivity standard.


The aim of this paper is to review postconstruction evaluation procedures, including audits for public-works projects in Japan and post-construction evaluations conducted by development aid agencies. By so doing, this paper advocates the need for new postconstruction evaluation systems and procedures. When civil engineering projects fail due to obvious technical errors or by natural disasters, the normal response is to investigate the causes of the failure in depth and to formalize methods to prevent such errors from repeating themselves. However, efforts are seldom made to identify the causes of a failure in cases where problems are likely attributable to changes in social and economic circumstances under which civil works were planned and implemented. As a result, it is not uncommon for similar mistakes to be repeated. Irrespective of the success or failure of a project, the information and knowledge gained from postconstruction evaluations can be a valuable resource for planning future projects, if the postconstruction evaluation of procedures were well organized and properly conducted.


Abstract New theory of higher order for functionally graded (FG) shells, which is based on the expansion of the three-dimensional (3D) equations of elasticity for functionally graded materials (FGMs) into Legendre's polynomials series is developed here. The stress and strain tensors, the displacement, traction and body force vectors of the 3D equations of elasticity, are expanded into Legendre's polynomials series in terms of in the thickness coordinate. The mechanical parameters that describe the functionally graded material properties are also represented in the form of Legendre's polynomials series expansion. As result the equations of the 3D elasticity are turned into the infinite number of two-dimensional (2D) equations for the Legendre's polynomials series expansion coefficients. Considering finite number of the Legendre's polynomials series coefficients and substituting kinematic relations into generalized Hooke's law and the obtained result into the equations of motion the differential equations of motion the equations of motion in form of displacements have been obtained. The first order equations for the FG axisymmetric cylindrical plate and spherical shell are considered in more details. Corresponding boundary-value problems are solved using the finite element method (FEM) implemented in the MATEMATICA software. The numerical results are presented and discussed.


PURPOSE. To study the opinion of ophthalmologists about the usefulness of training programs presented on the continuing medical education (CME) web portal, their significance and impact on the process of obtaining knowledge in modern conditions, when the scene is dominated by hybrid forms of education.MATERIAL AND METHODS. This study was multicenter scientific and analytical selective cross-sectional observational in design and was conducted in the period from June to September 2021; it was based on the data obtained by an online survey among Russian ophthalmologists with varying records and/or work experience, employed at institutions of different forms of ownership. The prepared questionnaire included two groups of questions: general statistical data and special questions related to the topic "glaucoma".RESULTS. The study involved 1113 clinically practicing ophthalmologists (88%), with an average medical experience of 18 (0; 50) years, without medical category (35%), and have a polyclinic as their main place of work (77%). According to the survey results, 46% of respondents give a high assessment of the content of educational programs, 35% — negative. When choosing therapeutic and diagnostic tactics, doctors prefer their own clinical experience (36.4%), while the main source of knowledge today is the CME training courses (30.8%). According to respondents, the target level of intraocular pressure is achieved in clinical practice in around 71% of cases, which is facilitated by the comprehensive approach to treatment (47%). At the same time, according to the majority of specialists (71%), only 25% of patients achieve target intraocular pressure.CONCLUSION. Representativeness of the sample is beyond doubt. Registration on the CME web portal, in general, does not depend on work experience, attitude to educational organizations, or place of work. With increase in work experience, there is an increase in the number of positive responses characterizing the information completeness of the CME training courses (from 39.7% to 61.8%). CME programs in the field of glaucoma and comorbid ophthalmic pathologies require adaptation taking into account personal skill levels of ophthalmologists.


The present invention relates to non-ionic X-ray radiographic contrast agent iopamidol impurities D, F, G and J of the synthetic methods, the new compounds of formula (Ⅳ) as a starting material, Eligible for the quality control of iopamidol reference , formula (Ⅳ) as follows:


It seems obvious that CLT is playing an increasing significant role in improving communicative competence. However, there are still many teachers and students find it difficult to understand and follow in language teaching practice. Therefore, CLT will be analyzed and discussed in the following parts: Firstly, CLT will be compared with another method called the audio-lingual method in terms of different origins, aims, features and the way and content of teaching. Secondly, CLT is not a perfect approach, thus the next part aims to analyse some possible reasons why teaching CLT is difficult from the perspectives of teachers, students, different education policies and teaching materials. Based on these limitations, the final part will provide some implementations to complement CLT in language teaching. Although CLT seems to be considered as a useful approach in language teaching, it may be more effective if combining different approaches together in language teaching classes, depending on different aims, situations, as well as learners' needs and preferences.


【Objective】 Wheat seeds of pure lines were used for spaceflight treatment.Mutants were chosen to provide new resource of germ plasm.【Method】 This study analyzed the photosynthetic rate,the content of chlorophyll and main agronomic characters of wheat Shaan 253 and Xinong 1043 in the second generation under spaceflight treatment.【Result】 Twelve mutations were obtained.The short plant mutations were SP2-253-38,SP2-253-54,SP2-1043-1,SP2-1043-15,SP2-1043-16,SP2-1043-19,SP2-1043-40,SP2-1043-41,high plant mutations SP2-253-27,SP2-1043-37;earlier ripe mutation is SP2-253-51,short plant and bigger spike SP2-1043-14.【Conclusion】 Spaceflight can induce high variance frequency,and it offers evidence for the breeding of winter wheat.


Nanocomposite fibers made from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were fabricated by electrospinning. The 10–25 nm CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were made by a simple hydrothermal process. Characterization by X-ray diffraction confirmed that the CNTs and the CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into the PAN matrix. Scanning electron microscopy showed nanocomposite fibers with regular morphologies. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the internal distribution of the CNTs and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. The nanocomposite fibers exhibited effective electromagnetic interference shielding attenuation of about 3.9 dB. Magnetic measurement using a vibrating sample magnetometer showed saturation magnetization of 4.7 emu g−1, thus this property can be accurately tailored by adjusting the loading of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers


[Objective] The research aimed to uncover the mechanism of moisture effects on soil spectral reflectance,and provide theoretical information for other soil properties spectral analysis and remote sensing monitoring.[Method]The spectrum of delta oasis of Wigan and Kuqia rivers located in the north of Tarim basin were taken as study object.Continuum removal and statistical method were used to analyze soil moisture spectral characteristics.[Result] The wavelength of 740,1768,1962,1450 and 2 216 nm were soil moisture absorption bands.[Conclusion] Soil spectral reflectance ratio changes mainly depended on the soil moisture status and wavelength.At shorter wavelengths,soil reflectance changed with soil moisture rapidly,but for the long wavelength part,moisture absorption played a significant role,and reflectance changed slowly.


Insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle is associated with a commensurate increase in muscle perfusion. The link between insulin action and vasodilation may be mediated by endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO). The evidence suggests that insulin causes an increase in the production of EDNO in insulin-sensitive but not insulin-resistant subjects. This defect in insulinmediated vasodilation may contribute to 1) enhanced presser sensitivity and 2) reduced rates of insulin-mediated glucose uptake. We propose that the endothelium is an insulin target tissue that exhibits an increase in the release of EDNO in response to insulin. We postulate that the insulin-resistant state of obesity is associated with insulin resistance at the level of the endothelium, reduced EDNO release, and impaired vasodilation. Thus EDNO may act as the mediator coupling glucose metabolism to vasodilation. The interaction between insulin and the endothelium to enhance EDNO release describes a novel insulin action that deserves further exploration.


—Graphs are often used to model interconnected topological objects with different connection properties. Path finding in a weighted graph belongs to the classical problems of graph theory. Whereas the addition of the edges' weights as an aggregation and the interpretation of a smaller resulting sum as the preferable path works very well in applications like path computations, e.g., for road maps, it is not always applicable to those connections in computer networks that need to fulfill multiple independent Quality of Service (QoS) criteria in parallel. Until now, usually a special – and often manual – solution has been implemented for each new service with dif- ferent QoS parameters. As the development of novel customer-faced network services often relies on different connection properties and their combinations, a generic treatment of QoS parameters becomes a critical factor for rapid development and network service rollout. In this paper, we present our proposal for treating multiple independent QoS parameters in a similarly fashioned way. Our work is aimed to foster routing algorithms that are considering multiple connection properties and corresponding constraints at the same time.


In this work, we study deep levels in Be-doped p-InAlAs grown by MBE by using the conventional deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) method. Based on how the deep levels are affected by growth conditions, optimal MBE growth conditions to obtain a high quality InAlAs layer are determined.


An X-ray study of 2,4-hexadiyne-l,6-di(p—n-hexyloxy)benzoate was carried out (R = 0.060 for 3223 reflections). The molecule has a skew conformation with the pseudotorsion angle relative to the linear diacetylene moiety equal to —110.0(9)°. The non-ability to polymerization in solid state of the studied diacetylene is explained on the basis of crystal chemistry criteria. Cell parameters of two nearest homologues of the studied compound are determined (for one of them on a polymeric state). Introduction The solid state polymerization of diacetylenes (DA) is rather extensively studied in several reviews (Wegner, 1979; Yee and Chance, 1978) and in particular from the structural viewpoints (Shklover et al., 1977). However, investigations in this direction remain urgent mainly because of the rapid development in the field of conducting organic systems. * Present address: Dr. V. E. Shklover, Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Vavilov Str. 28, Moscow B-334, USSR 26 V. E. Shklover et al. The present paper presents the results of an X-ray study of a new type of DA, 2,4-hexadiyne-l,6-di(p —n-alkoxy)benzoates of the general formula where η = 5 (DAB-5), 6 (DAB-6) and 7 (DAB-7). The data on the synthesis and physico-chemical propeties of DAB-n are deposited. The DA studied are close homologues, therefore the difference of their "absolute" reactivity should be low and the effective solid state reactivity should be governed only by the structural "coherence" of the initial monomer crystal and forming polymer chains. Experimental From transparent dark-cherry crystalline samples of pDAB-5 we could not select monocrystals good enough for a complete X-ray study but succeeded to determine approximate values of the unit-cell parameters. Crystals of pDAB-5 are monoclinic, a = 20.6, b = 14.7, c = 4.9 Â, y = 114°, V = 1440 Â. On prolonged exposition to X-rays samples of pDAB-5 acquire black colour and metallic luster and loose monocrystallinity. Colourless crystals of DAB-6 are monoclinic, a = 19.753(2), b = 7.7531(4), c = 19.794(2)Â, β = 100.09(1)°, V = 2984.5(8)Â, dcalc = 1.15 g-cm~ ,Z = 4, C32H3806, space group P2\¡c. Crystals do not change their colour on prolonged X-ray exposition (over 72 h, A Cu or Mo). Unit cell parameters and intensities of 3919 independent reflections were measured with an automatic Hilger and Watts diffractometer (λ Cu Ka, θ/2 θ scan, 2 θ^ = 132°). 3223 reflections with / > 2σ were used in subsequent calculations. The structure was solved by a direct method using the MULTAN program and refined by full-matrix least-squares with anisotropic thermal parameters for nonhydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms located in a difference map were refined isotropically. We used the atomic scattering factors in the International Tables for X-ray Crystallography. No absorption and secondary extinction corrections were applied. Final reliability factors are R = 0.060 (Rw = 0.063). Atomic coordinates are given in Table 1. The coefficients of the anisotropic temperature factors and the structure factors tables are deposited. 1 Additional material to this paper can be ordered to the no. CSD 51536, name(s) of the authors) and citation of the paper at the Fachinformationszentrum Energie-PhysikMathematik, D-7514 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 2, FRG O C C = C C H 2 0 C ( ( 3 )


Letter from John G. Sinclair, Edward H. Schwab, and Jarrett E. Williams to all NYA Supervisors. The letter outlines the process for reporting the work of all NYA employees to an academic dean. It lists all items to be contained in the report and how to submit the reports.


Twenty-five years of research has shown fundamental weaknesses in what U.S. students understand about spatial measurement without providing any compelling explanation for why this content proves so challenging for students. This paper reports the work of one project to assess how much weaknesses in the content of written mathematics curricula (K-8) contribute to the problem. Central to this work is a scheme for evaluating the capacity of representative elementary and middle school curricula to support students' learning. Specifically, the purpose of this scheme is to support the identification of each instance where a curriculum provides students some opportunity to learn some bit of knowledge about spatial measurement. The paper will also relate this work to recent reconceptualizations of the conceptual-procedural knowledge distinction in mathematics education.


The article presents data on the invasions of the hawk owl (Surnia ulula) into the forest-steppe of Western Siberia on the territory of the Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions, Altai Krai and Krasnoyarsk Krai territories.


ABSTRACT Toward the practical use of the bias factor method for actual light water reactor core analyses, the bias factor method using the random sampling technique is newly proposed. The bias factor method is one of the correction methods using information of E/C values in existing measurable systems, to reduce biases and uncertainties of predicted core characteristics parameters. By the aid of the random sampling technique, our proposed bias factor method can be carried out using only forward calculations without any adjoint calculations, and can easily take into account burnup and thermal-hydraulic feedback effects, which are difficult points in the practical application to actual core analyses. Although the statistical error due to the random sampling technique is inevitable in the proposed method, the statistical error can be simply quantified by the resampling technique such as the bootstrap method. As one of the feasibility studies, effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a numerical experiment which virtually simulates a typical equilibrium pressurized water reactor core. In this verification problem, it is clarified that E/C values of control rod worth at the beginning of cycle under the hot zero power condition are useful information to reduce biases and uncertainties of predicted assembly-wise power distributions during operation of hot full power.


Abstract This article shows how language materiality is conceptualized through an ethnolinguistic analysis of the representation of the owl as an indication of human-bird relationships. This approach enables addressing the multiple relations between birds and speakers and their perception of the environment as these are reflected in language, folklore and rituals. This research is related to such discourses as "language", "materiality" and "environment" and is based on a case study of the Mari, a Finno-Ugric people who live in central Russia and still adhere to their folk religion. First, it sets out the Mari names which are used for birds of the owl family, then it shows how the terminology has changed due to the emotional side of humanity, and how terms express things in metaphorical way. Next, the article focuses on how the bird (owl) can be a source of positive or negative information with regard to auguring the future and how the symbolic use of birds in rituals and magical actions contributes to co-creating landscapes between human and non-human agencies. This study is based on extensive linguistic, folklore and ethnographic material, including my own field material.


Maximization of Mutual Information routines proved to be suitable for registration of multimodal images. Here a method is proposed to select, in a set of candidates, the image which has a closer resemblance with a given external one. Such algorithm is intended to serve within a wider scope procedure for the automatic texturing of 3D models, where the initial 2D-3D registration problem is shifted to a 2D-2D registration challenge. In order to improve its performance a number of variations in the way the Mutual Information is computed are introduced and a method to judge its reliability is proposed.


The paper establishes conditions under which there are exact linear representations of nonlinear partial differential equations (Cauchy problems). By introducing a certain linear operator $A$, it is shown that under these conditions there are three equivalent equations (one linear and two nonlinear), while the formal operator solution is common for all of them and is the expansion of the desired function $v(t,x)$ into a formal Taylor series. Using the Borel-Whitney lemma, which states that any smooth function $v(t,x)$ in a neighborhood of a point is defined by its formal Taylor series, we obtain the following statement. If all parameters of the operator $A$ are smooth functions, then there exists a smooth function $\tilde{v}(t,x)$, which for $t=0$ has the same power expansion as $v(t,x) $ and this function solves all equivalent equations. The Navier-Stokes and Euler equations are considered as a non-trivial examples of this approach.


(Problem) and to increase the head of the cooling efficiency and can suppress the pressure rise in the pillow, and also provide a possible head cooling pillow for improving the sense head mounted portion of the pillow. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS head cooling pillow (2) is provided with an interior formed as well as a bag-shaped pillow body 11 to the refrigerant passage, the pillow body 11 to form a passage 13 for the refrigerant passage and a partition member (12b) disposed therein, and a support member (12c) for supporting the user's head. In the head cooling pillow (2), the head portion is cooled by the refrigerant passing through the flow path (13).


A popular run-time attack technique is to compromise the control-flow integrity of a program by modifying function return addresses on the stack. So far, shadow stacks have proven to be essential for comprehensively preventing return address manipulation. Shadow stacks record return addresses in integrity-protected memory secured with hardware-assistance or software access control. Software shadow stacks incur high overheads or trade off security for efficiency. Hardwareassisted shadow stacks are efficient and secure, but require the deployment of special-purpose hardware.
We present authenticated call stack (ACS), an approach that uses chained message authentication codes (MACs). Our prototype, PACStack , uses the ARMv8.3-A general purpose hardware mechanism for pointer authentication (PA) to implement ACS. Via a rigorous security analysis, we show that PACStack achieves security comparable to hardware-assisted shadow stacks without requiring dedicated hardware. We demonstrate that PACStack's performance overhead is small (~3%).


The formidable economic growth of China in the past few decades led to outstanding improvements in virtually all objective indicators of standards of life. However, these objective records are in striking contrast with subjective ones. Between 1990 and 2007, Chinese average subjective well-being substantially declined. Using data from the World Values Survey, this paper identifies the predictors of the trend of life satisfaction in China between 1990 and 2007. Our findings suggest that subjective data capture something that objective data miss and that can explain the decrease in well-being: the increase in the importance of social comparisons and the decline of social capital. Moreover, economic growth resulted in higher well-being inequality: those in the lowest three income deciles and the middle-class experienced a significant reduction in well-being, whereas the latter increased among richer people. Differences in the erosion of social capital and in the impact of social comparisons seem to be the key to well-being differences among classes.


A new active vegetation index measurement technique has been developed and demonstrated using low power laser diodes to make horizontal-path lidar measurements of nearby deciduous foliage. The two wavelength laser transmitter operates within and adjacent to the 680 nm absorption feature exhibited by all chlorophyll containing vegetation. Measurements from early October through late November 2003 are presented and the results are discussed


A phthalamide derivative represented by general formula (I): wherein R1 represents an alkyl group C1-C6, C1-C6 haloalkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C2-C6 haloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group C2-C6 or a C2-C6 haloalkynyl group; R2 and R3 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl, a C1-C6 haloalkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C2-C6 haloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group C2- C6 haloalkynyl group or C2-C6; R4 and R5 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl, a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C2-C6 alkynyl group, an alkyl group (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl, a group halo (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl, a (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group or (C1-C6) haloalkoxy carbonyl group; A represents a tetrazolyl group represented by A-1: wherein Z represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group C1-C6, C1-C10 haloalkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C2-C6 haloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group C2-C6 haloalkynyl a C2-C6 group, a C3- C6 cycloalkyl group, a halocycloalkyl group C3-C6; or A-2: wherein Z is the same as before; X represents a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a C1-C6 alkyl, a haloalkyl group C1-C6, a C1-C6 haloalkoxy group C1-C6, C1-C6 alkylthio group, a C1-C6 haloalkylthio group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl group, a C1-C6 haloalkylsulfinyl group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl group or a C1-C6 haloalkylsulfonyl group, m represents an integer of 0 to 4; Y represents a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group C1-C6 haloalkyl group, C1-C6, a C1-C6 haloalkoxy group C1-C6, C1-C6 alkylthio group, one haloalkylthio C1-C6 alkoxy group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfinyl group, a C1-C6 haloalkylsulfinyl group, a C1-C6 alkylsulfonyl group or a C1-C6 haloalkylsulfonyl group, p represents an integer of 0 to 4; n represents an integer of 0 to 2; or a salt thereof.


The present research work had evaluated the anthelmintic activity of Ficus benghalensis L. (Moraceae) (Banyan tree) an important Indian plant having sacred value and associated with longevity. In present investigation Acetone: Water (70:30) extract of aerial roots of Ficus benghalensis was prepared and subjected for anthelmintic activity using Indian earthworm. The extract concentrations used for activity are 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml. The results of the study revealed that the 100 mg/ml concentration is having best anthelmintic activity. The phytochemical investigation was also performed on the extract and had shown the presence of phenolics, tannins, saponins; mucilage and alkaloid compounds existence and anyone from above may be responsible for anthelmintic activity. Darshankumar D. Jain*, Shrikant B. Lande, Sandip K. Jadhav, Hamid S. Hasni, Sunil P. Pawar 1. P.S.G.V.P.M'S College of Pharmacy, Shahada, Maharashtra, India Submission: 22 December 2019 Accepted: 28 December 2019 Published: 30 January 2020 www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Darshankumar D. Jain et al. Ijppr.Human, 2020; Vol. 17 (2): 95-102. 96 INTRODUCTION Helminthiasis also is known as worm infection, is any macroparasitic disease of humans and other animals in which a part of the body is infected with parasitic worms, known as helminths. The common helminths are tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms. The disease is very common in the tropical part of the world accounting the huge number of patients especially children and results in a poor birth outcome, poor cognitive development, poor school and work performance, poor socioeconomic development, and poverty. In present condition, this disease is considered as neglected tropical diseases which had kept research in this area at minimum level, but it is need of hour to bring back focus even world's leading pharmaceutical companies and non-governmental organizations through a project launched in 2012 called the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases, which aims to control or eradicate certain neglected tropical diseases by 2020. Ficus benghalensis (Moraceae) is a sacred, large and evergreen plant of India having many aerial roots. The plant is reported to possess several traditional medicinal claims such as according to Ayurveda it astringent to bowels; useful in the treatment of biliousness, ulcers, erysipelas, vomiting, vaginal complains, fever, inflammations, leprosy. According to Unani it is aphrodisiac, tonic, vulnerary, maturant, lessens inflammations; useful in piles, nosediseases, gonorrhoea, etc. The plant is also investigated scientifically and traditional claims are authenticated few important are established claims are astringent [4-5]. The plant is also loaded with many important constituents and few important are carbohydrates, flavonoids, amino acids/proteins, steroids, saponins, leucopelargonidin-3-O-X-L rhamnoside, leucocyanidin,3-O-X-D galactosyl cellobioside, glucoside-β-glucoside, 20-tetratria conthene2-one, 6-hepatatria contene-10-one, pentatricentan -5-one, β-sitosterolα –Dglucose, mesoinositol and tannins. The present study was undertaken to establish one of the traditional claims of the plant i.e. anthelmintic potential. The traditional claim is that aerial roots are having anthelmintic potential. www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Citation: Darshankumar D. Jain et al. Ijppr.Human, 2020; Vol. 17 (2): 95-102. 97 MATERIALS AND METHODS


The combination of the chemical composition and a specific heat treatment consisting of austenitising close to solidus temperature and subsequent triple tempering leads to the excellent properties of high speed steels. Usually when high speed steels are heated up to austenitising temperature, intermediate holding stages and specific heating rates are applied. This specific heat treatment affects the microstructure, especially the grain size distribution. In some cases, abnormal grain growth can occur. This study describes the influence of the variation of the parameters, such as intermediate holding temperature and heating rate on the microstructural development. All investigations were carried out on the high speed steel HS 6-5-2-5 using both laboratory tests and vacuum heat treating.


Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute clinical hepatitis worldwide and is emerging as a disease in Argentina. It is primarily transmitted through contaminated water and food, following the fecal-oral route. Furthermore, is a zoonotic disease with swine as the primary reservoir. Prevalence of HEV infection in humans in several regions of Argentina remains unknown. Objectives (i) Determine the seroprevalence of HEV among the human population in Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (ii) Evaluate its association with demographic, socioeconomic and other risk exposures variables, and (iii) Describe and analyze spatial patterns related to HEV infection. Methods From August 2020 to July 2021, serum samples were collected from 969 individuals aged 1–80 years. Seroprevalence and 95% Confidence Interval was determined. To assess the factors associated with the presence of anti-HEV antibodies, associations between the variables and seropositivity were evaluated through bivariate and multivariate analysis. Spatial scanning for clusters of positivity was carried out. Factors associated with these clusters were also assessed. Results Anti-HEV antibodies were detected in 4.64% (IC 95% 3.27–6.02) of samples. Dark urine was associated with seropositivity (p = 0.02). Seropositivity was linked with the presence of natural water courses near their households (p = 0.02); the age (p = 0.04); and previous travel to Europe (p = 0.04). A spatial cluster of low rates of HEV seropositivity was detected, with greater distance of the households to water courses associated to the cluster, and male sex inversely associated to it. Discussion and conclusion This study is the first study to investigate the prevalence of HEV in the population from Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Considering HEV infection in the differential diagnosis in individuals presenting acute hepatitis is highlighted. The incorporation of HEV testing into blood screening policies should be mandatory. Factors related to the infection and spatial patterns of high and low risk were determined, and should be considered when implementing specific preventive measures.


Background: Adolescents have particular health and developmental needs that suggest they should neither be treated as older children nor younger adults. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to report the protocol for a mixed methods study that set out to investigate the health concerns of Iranian adolescents and their sources of health information with the goal of identifying suitable strategies to address their health concerns. Materials and Methods: This mixed methods study consists of an explanatory sequential design to be conducted in two phases. The first phase was a population-based cross-sectional survey of 915, 14-18 year old adolescents who were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from the 22 main municipal sectors of Tehran, Iran. They completed a series of self-administered questionnaires which were analyzed using quantitative approaches. The second phase was a qualitative study in which adolescents were selected using purposeful sampling for individual in-depth semi-structured interviews on the basis of the quantitative findings from the first phase. These data, together with a literature review and data obtained through nominal group technique, would then be used to in the development of strategies to reduce adolescents' health concerns. Results: The findings of this mixed methods sequential explanatory study are expected to provide unique information about the health concerns of Iranian adolescents and their sources of information, which to date have received little attention. Conclusions: These data will provide a rich source of information that can be used by intervention programs, health professionals and policy makers in addressing the health concerns of adolescents, with the goal of facilitating a successful passage to adult life.


Contrary to other Argentinean cities, Rosario does not posses an act of foundation. Its formation was spontaneous, since land concessions were granted by the Council of Sante Fe at Romero de Pinedo, in 1689. The sub-divisions of this property, the gradual establishment of colonists, and the creation of the Parish of Los Arroyos in 1730, favoured the formation of the village of "Capilla del Rosario", which would become the "Illustrious and Faithfull Villa" in 1823, and declared a city in 1852. Since 1802, Rosario intellectuals benefitted from all elements, real or imagined, that were useful in writing a local history and configuring a distinct identity. The list is as long as it is suggestive: the presence of the first Spanish conquistadors in the area, the building of the Sancti Spiritu and Corpus Christi forts, the "foundation" of 1725, the miracles of the eponymous Virgen, the bounty of a temperate climate and an extremely fertile land, the immensity of the Parana river, the creation of an Argentinean flag by General Belgrano in 1812, the contribution of soldiers and the courage in the Wars of Independence and with Paraguay, the rejection of the stereotype of the "Phoenician" city, and the pride of being a "selfconstructed" city.


North-going tropical cyclone is an important weather system impacting north China and northeast China.It could bring the gale and rainstorm and result in wind disaster and flood disaster in north China.Climatic characteristics of north-going tropical cyclone were analyzed with meteorological data from 1949 to 2004.The results indicated that there were 3 north-going tropical cyclones every year on average.The first one occurred in the last ten-day of May,the last one was in the middle ten-day of November,and most were in July and August.The landing season of north-going tropical cyclone was from June to September.85% of north-going tropical cyclones landed in July and August.The tropical cyclones which could reach north China were relatively strong,and their intensities were weakened obviously after entering the defined area of north-going tropical cyclone.But they were still able to reach the intensities of typhoon when they entered Huang Sea and Bo Sea.The intensity of landing north-going tropical cyclone was stronger than that of north-going tropical cyclone.The intensities of tropical cyclones landing at Liaoning province and north China were stronger than that of landing at Shandong Peninsula in terms of statistical analysis.The landing north-going tropical cyclone,north-turning tropical cyclone and middle-turning tropical cyclone were commonly able to bring about rainstorm and gale.


DNA microarray data is non-linear,therefore it will bring bias or errors when processing DNA microarray data using linear data analysis methods.Isomap is a novel non-linear dimension reducing technique.In this research,we gave a comprehensive analysis to the features of Isomap and pointed out what should be noted when applying Isomap to DNA microarray data analysis.


The backpressure of the direct air-cooling steam turbine is easily affected by the change of the weather and varies in a larger range. For study the behavior of the low pressure(LP) turbine in the direct air-cooling steam turbine,the flow field and wet steam were measured in the different backpressure in a 300 MW direct air-cooling LP turbine with a newly developed combined pneumatic/optical probe. The measured profiles of wetness,droplet size and distribution in different pressure and these parameters along the height of the blade are presented. The measurement shows that not only the wetness is lower comparing to the water-cooling turbine,but also the diameter of fine droplet is smaller. No coarse water was found in the turbine. The relative inner-efficiencies of LP turbine in different operation conditions measured by the probe and the thermal performance tests agree well.


Objective:To investigate the effects of cyclic strain on the morphology and growth of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs). Methods: A pulsatile membrane cyclic strain system was used to perform cyclic strain on VSMCs from adult SD rats. Microscopy and computer image capture system were used to investigate morphological change in VSMCs. The growth of VSMCs and their DNA synthesis were indicated by 3HTdR method. Results: Under 14% cyclic strain, VSMCs re-aligned gradually and were finally vertical to the direction of stress; the shape index decreased. However, the spreading area, perimeter and long axis of stretched VSMCs increased within 6 h, then decreased to a relatively stable level from 12 to 24 h. The growth and 3H thymidine incorporation of VSMCs under 8% cyclic strain were arrested, but accelerated under 14% cyclic strain.The 3H thymidine incorporation had a significant difference in 12 h and increased by 1.4-fold and 1.8-fold in 24 and 48 h respectively compared with control group. Conclusion: The cyclic strain not only affects the morphology of VSMCs, but leads to rearrangement of VSMCs. It can inhibit cell growth under physiological condition but promote cell growth beyond physiological condition in cultured VSMCs.


The utility model discloses an on -vehicle charger of intelligence, including casing and the main circuit board of setting in casing inside, the bottom of casing is equipped with anodal elasticity plug, the both sides of casing are equipped with negative pole elasticity bayonet catch, anodal elasticity plug and negative pole elasticity bayonet catch electricity are connected in main circuit board, the upper end of casing is equipped with the USB interface that charges, the inside of casing is provided with the intelligent recognition IC chip that charges, main circuit board, intelligent recognition charge IC chip and USB charge the interface in proper order the electricity connect, main circuit board includes step -down control circuit, the overload protection circuit that charges, short -circuit protection circuit and control by temperature change protection circuit charge. The during operation with this on -vehicle charger of intelligence and the power supply of cigarette lighter plug normal connection, when this on -vehicle charger of intelligence can realize intelligent quick charge, still possesses multiple protections such as overcharge protection, short -circuit protection, control by temperature change protection, and the digital equipment of the ability various removals of automatic identification provides ultra -low power consumption current output, is applicable to all kinds of big cars.


In the socio-political context of a strategic transformation of public diplomacy in China, non-governmental discourses such as intellectual discourses have been showing increasing visibility both online and offline, at home and abroad. Through a digital ethnographic approach, this study investigates the meaning-making of the political discourse that uses edutainment as a genre by foregrounding the media activities of a commercial media company branded by Guan Media and the media discourse of an involved intellectual. Social media are changing the normality of knowledge production and distribution and the traditional media communication logic. Whether it is market-based filter bubble and echo chamber, politically controlled censorship, or spontaneous grassroots engagement, what is important is why and how mainstream discourses are constructed because of these factors through social media as a new form of political communication. To show the complexity of media communication of political messages in China, micro-level close observation on highly visible forms of news production and distribution by non-government actors is necessary.  There are two levels of analysis in this study: self-branding of researchers in the knowledge economy, and edutainment as a genre of political discourse. Multimodal discourse analysis is adopted to discover the specific discursive and media strategies through the theoretical lenses of knowledge-power structure and semiotics. The cooperation of commercial media companies and intellectuals from higher education is found to be promoting a new form of political communication, in which edutainment works as a genre for better media presentation. In the context of the knowledge economy, edutainment content adjusts to the ideological dynamics of the socio-political reality in China in the tide of globalization and digitalization. This study contributes to understanding the participation of non-governmental actors in political communication and public sentiment on politics when political communication has become more dynamic and better organized by adjusting to the new media age.


The Space Shuttle, in combination with the Interim Upper Stage, will provide an economical means of placing payloads in geostationary orbit in the 1980s. This paper summarizes a recent study of multidiscipline applications payloads for Shuttle-IUS launch. Various concepts for modular 'bus' spacecraft structures and payload groupings based on equipment commonality are considered. Several bus and payload configurations, ranging from 160 to 1600 kg, are developed. A typical payload is described in some detail. The payload consists of equipment at 400 MHz for search and rescue and data collection, at 1.5 and 15 GHz for aeronautical, maritime, and land mobile communications, at 40 and 90 GHz for millimeter wave communications, and at other bands for meteorological radiometry, electromagnetic environment measurements, and interferometry.


This paper presents a methodology to sense ambient wind conditions to assist in localizing the source of a released agent using small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS). The technology and methods to detect, localize, and model release and dispersion of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) agents have been enhanced by integrating cross-disciplinary solutions using advances from sensor design, intelligent signal processing, control systems, vehicle design, chemical modeling, and atmospheric modeling. The miniaturization of sensors and sUAS has enabled the application of sUAS with a chemical sensor payload to detect and localize the source of CBRN agents. In many instances, this chemotaxis operation can be performed faster and more accurately with the addition of atmospheric information, such as ambient wind condition. The paper provides an overview of chemical source localization and current challenges which motivated this work, including operation in complex settings and turbulence. Analysis of these challenges from an atmospheric science perspective is summarized along with strategies to obtain accurate and useful wind estimates that assist in localizing the source quickly and efficiently. A description of the wind estimation approach, based on Bayesian estimation, is provided along with results from simulation studies utilizing realistic vehicle dynamics, wind, turbulence, and chemical plume models.


brief chapter on the evangelists as interpreters of Jesus and the parables in the Gospel of Thomas. Among the three appendices he has one dealing with the purpose of parables according to the evangelists. In dealing with each of the parables he first treats the various forms of the parable as it appears in all of the Synoptics, Gnostic gospels, and Jewish literature, and then focuses on each particular Gospel's use of that parable. As a result the reader is given both a general overview and a sense of how each evangelist made specific use of the parable. Overall the work is carefully constructed with many footnotes, indicating that the author is well informed of the bibliography in the field. In following the author's references one quickly discovers that he cites major commentaries but also is repeatedly in dialogue with the somewhat speculative views of scholars such as J. D. Crosson, J. R. Donahue, R. W. Funk and B. B. Scott, as well as the earlier stalwarts like J. Jeremias, A. [ulicher and T. W. Mason. While he cites C. Blomberg's significant work a few times, Hultgren really has not dialogued with Blomberg's organizing principles nor has he come close to his historical review of parable studies. This latter comment perhaps points to one basic concern with this work. The introduction is far too short for the uninformed student in terms of historical research, methods of interpretation and gospel settings. The book can, however, serve as a good inductive study of parables for Book Reviews Review and Expositor, 98, Summer 2001


Gas-discharge closing switches are the key component of a pulsed power supply. Repetitive gas-discharge closing switches are still the preferred scheme for high-power repetitive pulse power generators in many applications, but their repetition performance depends on the recovery time of the gas insulation medium. This article reviews the existing repetitive gas-discharge closing switches. The basic structure and working principle of each switch are briefly introduced. This article focuses on advances in the study of the factors that impact the recovery characteristics of gaseous insulation in switches. It also presents a survey of methods to improve the performance of gas switches' repetition rate.


THE INFORMAL CONTROLS of gossip and censure of the Mexican folk community have been replaced to some degree in Detroit's colony of 6,000 Mexicans by the restraints exercised on members by formal clubs and societies. The primary function of these societies from the point of view of their individual members is that of social expression. Another function of membership in a society, of course, is that of subjecting the individual to group control. In the case of such societies, however, control over members has been loosely exercised, largely because of the acquisition by Mexicans of meanings and accompanying sanctions which lie outside the realm of these agencies. Though once numerous, the number and effectiveness of societies has declined in recent years. The societies, theoretically, could be a means of cultural expression for the whole colony, and provide an area for total group participation. Actually, each society attracts but a small segment of the total group.


The magnetic compass has been a valuable human navigation tool for hundreds of years. Yet animals are known to align themselves with the earth's magnetic field without using ferrimagnets.


Measurements made with 2 field mills, 100 m apart, along the direction of the surface wind, have been used to obtain information about the charges responsible for variations in the potential gradient over periods of the order of minutes. In general these variations are caused by the horizontal motion of wind-home space charge contained within the first few hundred metres of atmosphere. In fair weather, there are effects probably caused by locomotive steam, and others perhaps to be associated with convection cells. In overcast weather there is evidence for concentrations of negative charge in the base of the thicker portions of the cloud. In showers, the main result is that the pattern of the potential gradient is very much affected by space charges from point discharge.


Biotechnology has been advancing beyond therapeutic and agricultural agents, and it has now moved into an entirely new branch of materials engineering. At this latest frontier, workers are exploring and exploiting principles of protein chemistry to design and make functional materials. Indeed, this new-wave biotechnology already has its first commercial product in AdheraCell from Genex Corp., Gaithersburg, Md. The substance is related to the superstick protein adhesive that mussels use to cling to rocks and pilings. Researchers use AdheraCell to glue mammalian cells to walls of tissue culture vessels. Many mammalian tissue cell types need to be anchored to a surface to grow successfully. Genex is developing it further for use as a dental and surgical adhesive. Whereas biotechnologically produced enzymes, hormones, and pesticides have variegated sequences of all 20 common amino acids, the new biomaterials tend to be based on highly repetitive sequences of only a few. This means that the deoxyribonucleic ac...


There is a famous saying "With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility" and speaking of this in terms of a country's financial position Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) can be considered as a power and CSR as a share of responsibility. Generally the unfurling of CSR is a riveted and intrigued corner of developing country like India. Every business entity is willing to take up more responsibility as it is given lot of respect from various international agencies in the form of FDI and most of the organizations are realizing that more business heights will imply sustained development for social progress. Social innovation is the output derived when FDI and CSR come together leading to development of a nation in various facets. The purpose of the study is to articulate the impact of FDI on CSR activities in Indian context and to analyze the importance of how both FDI and CSR are interdependent and complement each other in various facets, not forgetting the fact that it's high time for Indian economy to boost up its CSR activities keeping in view the subsequent flow of investments.


This paper analyses the school-running features of local colleges universities and points out the realistic problems in the development of libraries in local colleges universities and then puts forward some thoughts and a specific program of constructing the joint IC-library.


Within elastic solids subjected to illumination from uncorrelated sources, as those that arise from multiple scattering, it has been established that the displacement field has intensities that are similar to diffusion‐like field. It is found that in this case, the average correlation of motions in the frequency domain, between two points, is proportional to the imaginary part of Green's function for those two receivers. For a single station, the average auto‐correlation equals the average power spectrum, and this gives the imaginary part of Green's function at the source. To gain insight on the properties of Green's functions, particularly regarding their connection with diffuse fields, we study some of their characteristics for simplified cases. Specifically, we deal with 2D and 3D acoustic layers with various boundary conditions. In practice, we assume these Green's functions are related with a diffuse field, and we explore the analytical consequences. The aim of this study is to gather insight to understand patterns found when studying real data or to have a guide to interpret their trends. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.