The goal of image segmentation is to assign every image pixels into their respective sections that share a common visual characteristic. In this paper, the authors have evaluated the performances of three different clustering algorithms-the classical K-Means, a modified Watershed segmentation as proposed by A. R. Kavitha et al., 2010 and their proposed Improved Clustering method normally used for gray scale image segmentation. The authors have analyzed the performance measure which affects the result of gray scale segmentation by considering three very important quality measures that is-Structural Content SC and Root Mean Square Error RMSE and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR as suggested by Jaskirat et al., 2012. Experimental result shows that, the proposed method gives remarkable consequence for the computed values of SC, RMSE and PSNR as compared to K-Means and modified Watershed segmentation. In addition to this, the end result of segmentation by means of the Proposed technique reduces the computational time as compared to the other two approaches irrespective of any input images.


AbstractThis paper examines the use, function, and maintenance of particular objects with nontangible significance in some Mrican cultures. Deductive observations about these objects allow possible conclusions to be drawn regarding: (1) an African perception of magic, sacred, and power; and (2) an African perception of culturally significant objects in and out of an indigenous context. The suggestion is stressed that it is the responsibility of the conservator to remain informed about an object's nontangible attributes and to treat African objects with cultural dignity.


We demonstrate InGaAs/InP balanced photodiodes on Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> waveguides with record-high 3-dB bandwidth of 30 GHz, 0.72 A/W responsivity, and high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 26 dB at 30 GHz.


In this work, we measure the properties of ensembles of rubidium atoms trapped in solid neon that are relevant for use as quantum sensors of magnetic fields: the spin coherence of the trapped atoms, and the ability to optically control and measure their spin state. We use the rubidium atoms as an AC magnetometer — by employing an appropriate dynamical decoupling sequence — and demonstrate NMR detection of Ne atoms co-trapped in the neon matrix.


Many storage tanks used in industry are inspected manually in order to identify leakage and corrosion. This repetitive task can harm the operator as the operator has to expose themselves to danger inside the tank. The environment of the tank can be harmful because it might contain highly hazardous substances. Additionally, the manual inspection process also requires highly skilled operators for precision. This project proposes the use of an autonomous inspection robot to overcome this problem. The proposed robot is based on the TurtleBot with the Microsoft Kinect camera as a distance sensor. The MinnowBoard MAX board is used as the computing platform running the Robot Operating System (ROS) for tank floor mapping and navigation of the robot. The GMapping Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm is used to do perform the mapping process. Evaluation was performed by comparison against physical measurement of the foyer of the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The results show that the GMapping algorithm is able to generate relatively accurate maps even with the low cost platform and will perform even better with more accurate sensors.


The main purpose of this work is the development of a reproducible experimental technique for supplying new data from cellulose pyrolysis at high heating rates and low residence times. The actual behavior of solid materials under such conditions (fast pyrolysis) is quite difficult to investigate experimentally. Data were collected in an entrained-flow reactor, accurately optimized to operate at low solids/gas ratios. Cellulose powder, mostly Avicell PH102, was conveyed by an inert carrier gas into a catalytically inert quartz tube with different heating sections. Weight loss and composition measurements were collected at temperatures between 400 and 650 °C, residence time between 50 and 140 ms, and nominal heating rates ranging from 6000 to 11 000 K/s. The disturbance effect of aggregative flow was demonstrated and quantified; all of the meaningful data were collected under conditions approaching the single-particle (homogeneous flow), while trying to keep the increasing experimental error bounded. The ro...


Abstract : A Fortran Program to solve generalized algebra type problems has been developed. It is a heuristic program, designed to give rapid solutions for problems which it can solve. The program accepts as input a definition of an algebraic system, then solves problems in the system. The program's operation is described here in general terms and examples of its operation are given.


The compost materials,respectively added to urea and manure,were compared.The compost materials were the sieved and not sieved coniferous bark soil from larch forest bark,with much bark and little soil.By physical and chemical test,the result showed that: 1) the conductivity and ph had no significant changes in the conditions of the same nitrogen and different bark soil.However,the changes were significant when different nitrogen was added to the same bark soil.So it was the added nitrogen that caused the significant changes in conductivity and ph in the fermentation.The organic matter content had no significant differences before and after fermentation.In fragile degree,the bark after fermentation was more easily smashed than before that,so the former should be more absorbed and utilized by plants.2) The test of volatile phenol and total phenol content in the fermented bark proved that: the volatile phenol content rose faster while the coniferous soil was added to the nitrogen.And the lowering rate of the total phenol content of the coniferous bark soil added to manure was better than that of the soil added to urea.So the coniferous soil and manure were the best for the fermentation of the coniferous bark soil.Meanwhile,the volatile phenol content rose as the ph lowering,and the total phenol content lowered as the ph lowering.So the ph in the fermentation signified the results.


The present invention relates to a manufacturing process of the multilayer printed circuit board, and thus the article, in particular IC substrate formed. The process of the present invention by using an inorganic silicate and an organosilane bonding mixture in the individual process steps provides the adhesion between the layers of dielectric material and copper. The process is the moisture resistance of the multilayer printed circuit board and the IC board, as well as to improve the mechanical and thermal stress resistance, thereby improving the adhesion strength.


The aim of the study was to estimate the frequency and timing of hypocalcemia after surgical treatment for primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods. 21 patients were operated for hyperparathyroidism, 15 - for primary (group 1), 6 - for secondary and tertiary (group 2). In I group the median baseline level of total serum calcium was 3.06 mmol/l, phosphorus0.9 mmol/l, and parathyroid hormone360 pmol/l. In II group all patients were on program dialysis for end-stage chronic kidney failure for at least five years. The median baseline serum total calcium level was 2.29 mmol/l, phosphorus2.64 mmol/l, and parathyroid hormone-1822 pmol/l. Results. A day after removal of the parathyroid adenoma (1 group) the level of calcium and phosphorus was normalized, the content of parathyroid hormone (median 21.4 pmol/l) significantly decreased. In one case (6.7%) on the fifth day there were clinical signs of hypocalcemia and the level of calcium decreased to 1.86 mmol/l. All patients of the second group underwent subtotal parathyroidectomy. After a day the level of parathyroid hormone significantly decreased (median227 pmol/l). The phosphorus content has returned to normal. The calcium level in all cases exceeded 2 mmol/l. On day 4-5 the total calcium content decreased and ranged from 1.14 mmol/l to 2.04 mmol/l. Four patients (66,7%) showed clinical signs of hypocalcemia. It was found that the development of hypocalcemia has a positive correlation of average value with the level of parathyroid hormone, phosphorus and negative with the content of calcium before surgery. Conclusion. The decrease in the level of total calcium with the development of clinical symptoms occurs on 4-5 days after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in 6.7% and for secondary or tertiary - in 66.7%. Risk factors for hypocalcemia are the baseline low level of calcium and high of parathyroid hormone, phosphorus.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of plyometric training with additional weight on physical performance and muscle damage findings in faculty of sports sciences athlete-students. Physical performance tests and blood samples of the athlete-students (male 23.41 ± 3.2 years old) were collected both from sample and the control groups at the first week of the study  and at the last training of the twelfth week. During the study, plyometric training programs were applied to the additional weight  group (AWG)  and no additional weight group (AG).  By the end of first and twelfth week, players' BMI and body fat percentage tests were applied together with the physical tests of shuttle, yoyo, vertical jump, horizontal jump, agility and sprint performance tests. Blood samples were also taken to check muscle damage control markers (CK and LDH). Results: According to the results of tests performed at the end of first and twelfth weeks' plyometric trainings on group with additional weight group (AWG), shuttle, yoyo and horizontal jumping were found to be significantly increased, while sprint performance, BMI and body fat performance tests were significantly decreased. The test results of the group without additional weight (AG) was; significant increase in shuttle, yoyo and vertical jump while significant decrease in sprint performance and fat %. By the end of twelve week plyometric trainings, no muscle damage has been observed in (AWG), CK pre-training (229,00 ± 155,25) and post training values (242,33 ± 193,67)  and LDH pre-training (169,75 ± 40,85) and post-training (174,33 ± 39,12) values.  As a result of the study, 12-week plyometric training with additional weight applied to football  athletes-students not only increased their physical performance, but also muscle damage (CK and LDH) was not observed.


The article analyzes the environmental problems of recreational areas caused by the impact of road transport. In modern agglomerations, the load on recreational zones is increasing, which leads to a deterioration of the ecological situation in them. The most important factor affecting the environment is motor vehicles, the number of which is constantly growing. The article presents the main aspects of the recreational impact of vehicles and the factors of human activity that aggravate it. A survey of car owners allows us to draw conclusions about the irresponsible and sometimes predatory attitude towards nature of a large number of vacationers in the popular recreational areas of the Leningrad Region. The results obtained allow us to draw conclusions about the lack of awareness of the respondents and the unsatisfactory state of environmental awareness and education in our society, the lack of the necessary infrastructure for environmentally friendly recreation of the population.


Purpose - This study aims to (1) identify the agricultural competitiveness of ASEAN countries in the global markets; (2) analyze the dynamics of these indicators for the period 1997–2015; and (3) test the consistency between trade indices. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses RCA, RTA, and NRCA for the first objective; OLS method and Markov matrix for the second objective; and statistic tool for the final purpose. Findings - The results show that: (1) ASEAN countries achieve the strongest competitiveness in rice, rubber, spices, vegetable fat and oils, wood, fuel wood, fish, and crustacean. Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia are the strongest competitive whilst Brunei, Singapore, and Cambodia are the weakest competitive; (2) They have convergent patterns in agricultural competitiveness; (3) They successfully maintain rankings of the strong competitive sectors; and (4) ASEAN countries obtain benefits from the regional integration and the specialization in competitive products. Research limitations/implications - ASEAN countries with strong competitiveness should specialize in and maintain their rankings to enhance competitiveness and maximize social welfare while the countries with weak agricultural competitiveness should specialize in the processed products and services based on their advantages of economic resources. Originality/value - Comprehensive results of the static and dynamic agricultural competitiveness of ASEAN countries as a whole are provided. The findings and policy recommendations can be used by policymakers and enterprises to improve competitiveness and benefit. The discussions and findings should be a significant reference for economists.


ABSTRACT The rates of hydrogen production by B10 and the genetically modified IR3 varieties of the bacterial strain R. capsulatus employing DL-sodium lactate as a carbon source and parts of the visible spectrum light as energy source were compared. The influence of parameters such as: light spectrum (blue, green, red, white light), light luminance (from 2500 to 17000 lux), reactor geometry (flat and cylindrical), was studied to maximize the bacterial hydrogen production. Maximal results were achieved in aflat reactor at 700 nm (red light) and 2500 lux light luminance by both varieties, but the hydrogen production obtained by the genetically modified variety IR3 exceeded the B10 production up to 64% in spite of the superior biomass quantity of the latter.


Sedimentary facies of the Tsagayan Formation is distributed in the eastern Zeya-Bureya Basin has been analyzed. The formation is of the Maastrichtian to Danian in age and characterized by the cyclicity of the fining-upwards successions. Analysis of environmental changes during the K/T boundary is the focus of this study. Five facies have been identified: Facies A, thick and laterally extensive coarse-grained to medium-grained sandstone units, interpreted as channelfill deposits; Facies B, parallel-laminated to massive mudstone units interpreted as interchannel lakes and flood plain deposits; Facies C, sheet-like medium-grained to fine-grained sandstones interpreted as crevasse splay deposits;Facies D, coal to coaly mudstone beds interpreted as deposits ofpeatlands; Facies E, very poorly sorted sandy mudstone beds interpreted as debris flow deposits. Fluvial environments with the low-relief flat topography was inferred. A channel transported large volumes of clasts, and a flood basin with interchannel lakes and peatlands was deciphered. Any distinct change of sedimentary environments has not been identified throughout the Tsagayan Formation (including the K/T boundary). However, two beds of debris flow deposits were identified. The one occurs at the uppermost part of the lower Tsagayan Subformation and contains dinosaur fossils. The other is intercalated in the upper Tsagayan Subformation.


The analysis focuses on the trajectory of Azerbaijan over the last two decades. Azerbaijan not only provides a good empirical summary of the depressing trend in a large set of countries, from the Balkans to the Caucasus and Central Asia--political contestation leading to ethnic conflict, state breakdown, and an apparent return to Third World backwardness. It also happens that the Azerbaijan revolution, intertwined with an ethnic uprising in Nagorno Karabagh, an autonomous Armenian province inside the Azerbaijan SSR, signalled the final crisis of Soviet power. The manifest powerlessness of Gorbachev's administration in face of the escalating violence in the Caucasus started a chain reaction of national uprisings which in 1991 resulted in the disintegration of the USSR. But if we focus on Azerbaijan alone, we may succumb to the usual pitfall of attributing Soviet disintegration to nationalism alone. Therefore let us first undertake a compressed analytical description which should allow us to see more clearly something central to all the uprisings that precipitated the Soviet collapse--the position of national intelligentsias under state socialism.


Protein kinase CKII (CKII) is a protein Ser/Thr kinase that is ubiquitously distributed in eukaryotic cells. Although it has been suggested that CKII plays an critical role in cell growth and proliferation, its functional significance and regulation in the cells remain poorly understood. To investigate the exact biological function of CKII, we have identified proteins that interact with the subunits of CKII using the twohybrid system. In this report, we have identified cathepsin L, a lysosomal protease, as a cellular protein capable of interacting with the subunit of CKII. Cathepsin L does not interact with the subunit of CKII, supporting the idea that the subunit can mediate the interaction of CKII with target proteins. We have found that cathepsin L has several putative CKII phosphorylation sites including Thr-84, Ser-160, Ser-270, Thr-288, and Ser-301. These data suggest that CKII is a possible protein kinase for cathepsin L phosphorylation


In understanding the cognitive processing of language, figurative language holds an interesting position. Due to their inherent ambiguity, non-literal expressions such as metaphors are very susceptible to personal differences in the attribution of meaning to what has been said. The amount of contact we have with a language can drastically influence the way we perceive these messages, especially in people who have a different history with the language such as non-native speakers. This explorative norming study attempts to produce a usable set of Novel Metaphors, along with their triplets, for further use in linguistic metaphor research. Also under observation are the differences presented between native (L1) speakers and non-native (L2) speakers. Several items were identified as reliable measures of meaningful metaphors. There were several differences observed between the attribution of meaning between L1 and L2, among which some points of interest on metaphoric competence in L2, as mentioned in the discussion.


Water temperature is the most important factor in fish farming as changes in water temperature cause physiological stress in fish. There have been few studies on physiological responses to high temperatures, which vary with aging. This study investigated the responses of juvenile and adult Platichthys stellatus to heat stress. Plasma cortisol, glucose, lactate, and lysozyme levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and expression of heat shock proteins 70 and 90 (HSP70 and HSP90) of P . stellatus were determined at water temperatures of 16, 20, 24, 28, and 30°C. As a result, it was confirmed that several plasma parameters of adult were significantly higher than that of juvenile under heat stress. Plasma cortisol and glucose levels of adult were increased than juvenile at 24 and 28°C. Plasma lactate level of adult were higher than that of juvenile at 28°C. Comparisons of survival and physiological changes showed that juveniles have better thermal tolerance, resulting in a higher cumulative survival rate. Moreover, the relationship between thermal tolerance and HSP gene expression revealed that expression of HSP70 and HSP90 was significantly upregulated at 28°C in both juvenile and adult fish, and HSP70 expression was significantly higher in juvenile fish than in adult fish. It is judged that the adult's HSP70 activity was lower than juvenile, so the demand for plasma parameters for heat response was relatively high, whereas juvenile's HSP70 activity increased at 24 and 28°C, indicating a relatively stable value of plasma parameters. These results indicate that the thermal tolerance of juvenile fish is greater than that of adult fish, based on the differences in plasma parameters and HSP expression. These findings improve our understanding of age-related changes in P . stellatus during thermal stress and may help guide the management of fish farms.


The invention provides a spatial clustering mining PSE (Problem Solving Environments) system, which comprises a data layer, a functional layer and a user layer, wherein the data layer comprises at least one spatial database for providing basic spatial data; the functional layer is used for packaging a spatial clustering mining module and providing a uniform interface to realize the issuance, the discovery and the call of spatial clustering module service, and is used for visually displaying and returning a spatial clustering analysis result; and the user layer is used for providing the interface for a user to input parameters and select the module service. According to the invention, the spatial clustering mining module is constructed, and an OGC WPS (Web Processing Service) standard is utilized to package the mining module service, so that service sharing is realized on any system and application platform; and a portal architecture is applied, so that the expandability is good, effective support is provided for the discovery and the extraction of data useful in a decision-making process from massive data related to positions, and the application hierarchy and quality of the spatial data mining module is greatly improved and broadened.


The growing attention paid to the adverse health effects of exposure of the Israeli public to asbestos fibres has resulted in a comprehensive programme of sampling and analysis. Monitoring covered many regions, especially areas where relatively high concentrations of fibres were expected. Modern electron microscopy techniques give an accurate picture of the situation in the general environment. In addition, specific regulations dealing with the asbestos problem were issued by the Ministries of Health and Labor, including occupational and emission standards. For the general environment a guideline (but not a standard) value of 1,600 f/m⊃3 was adopted.


In the preceding part, the author reported that the alimentary canal was the most favorable and the most certain site for the establishment of infection as compared with others. In the present part, the author studied the course of infection from the administration of virus to its fixation in the liver, paying special attention to that in the stomach and intestine. Mice were used as the test animal. The results were as follows: 1) Some of the virus injected into the stomach were inactivated as the time elapsed, but the rest, not inactivated in the stomach, descended to the intestine. It was possible to recover the injected virus from the stomach. The further the environmental pH went to the acid side, the severer the virus was inactivated. 2) In about 3 to 15 hours after the injection, the virus was clearly proved in the wall of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, through which the invasion of the virus seemed to be carried out.


Part 1: Diabetes mellitus: A definition The syndrome Aetiology Natural history The Management of diabetes mellitus Emergencies A screening programme for diabetic eye disease Further reading Questions on chapter 1-7 Part 2: Extraocular and ocular effects of diabetes mellitus: Extraocular aspects Various ocular effects: cornea, iris, ciliary body, vitreous, choroid Lenticular effects Retinal and optic nerve conditions Questions on chapters 10-13 Part 3: Diabetes and the optometrist: The examination Fundus examination Acuity related tests Field of vision tests Colour vision assessment Other optometric tests Prescribing and referral decisions Questions on chapters 15-21 References Index


Despite the tremendous successes of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various applications, many fundamental aspects of deep learning remain incompletely understood, including DNN trainability. In a trainability study, one aims to discern what makes one DNN model easier to train than another under comparable conditions. In particular, our study focuses on multi-layer perceptron (MLP) models equipped with the same number of parameters. We introduce a new notion called variability to help explain the benefits of deep learning and the difficulties in training very deep MLPs. Simply put, variability of a neural network represents the richness of landscape patterns in the data space with respect to well-scaled random weights. We empirically show that variability is positively correlated to the number of activations and negatively correlated to a phenomenon called"Collapse to Constant", which is related but not identical to the well-known vanishing gradient phenomenon. Experiments on a small stylized model problem confirm that variability can indeed accurately predict MLP trainability. In addition, we demonstrate that, as an activation function in MLP models, the absolute value function can offer better variability than the popular ReLU function can.


Abstract: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health issue. Digital interventions are emerging as a promise to overcome known-barriers to accessing usual IPV services, which have been supporting and treating IPV victims or their survivors, offering safer, more interactive, and real time access to help. Hence, a systematic review was carried out to identify and characterize current digital interventions to respond to IPV, including associated mental health conditions, and related outcomes among victims and survivors. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched in three databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science. Last search was performed in December 2022. Of the 1,816 electronic articles retrieved, and six added after a manual search, 16 studies were selected. Published between 2010 and 2021, the studies were experimental or quasi-experimental, with quantitative methodologies. Publication data, objectives, sample, design, instruments, intervention characteristics, results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Regarding results, safety decision aid or a variant was the most reported digital intervention. Significant improvements were identified for IPV exposure, related outcomes such as decisional conflict and safety strategies, and mental health conditions. In short, digital interventions hold promise, however there is a clear need for research focused on hard-to-reach victims or women who have left the abuser. Digital interventions have to be adapted to their needs, and security and privacy issues must be better ensured. The risk of publication bias and the exclusion of some specific keywords in the search were limitations of the study.


MR. M. G. WOODS: I had an opportunity of meeting Mr. Ferguson prior to this lecture, and he mentioned that he did not think he subject was a particularly controversial one, but I think he has given us so much food for thought, and points for controversy that it is difficult to know where to start. In opening his lecture, he dealt with the question of Machines versus Labour. During the past fifteen to twenty years, this country has definitely had to face the fact that many industries have had to specialise.


The Hetao Irrigation District is a typical salinized irrigation district in China, and soil salinization restricts agricultural development. To explore the spatial and temporal variability of soil water and salt and the coupling relationship in the Hetao Irrigation District, a field experiment was carried out at the scale of the Yichang Irrigation District branch canal in the downstream of the Hetao Irrigation District. Fifty-three soil sampling points were established to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of soil water content and total salt content and the coupling relationship using geostatistics and the coupling degree model. The results showed that soil water content in the study area belonged to medium variability and weak variability, and soil total salt content belonged to strong variability and medium variability. The theoretical models of soil water content and total salt content semi-variance function in the study area following the Gaussian model, with the block-base ratio less than 25%, with strong spatial autocorrelation, and the spatial correlation gradually increased with the increase of soil depth. The total salt content of the soil in the study area was interpolated with higher accuracy using radial basis functions as compared to ordinary kriging interpolation. In terms of temporal changes in salinity, the average salt accumulation rate of the 0–100 cm soil layer in the study area was 20.17% when salinity increased from May to June; the average desalination rate was 16.37% when salinity decreased from June to August. The main factors affecting soil salinity in cultivated land during the growing period were irrigation, precipitation, and planting crops, and the main factors affecting soil salinity in wasteland were precipitation and topography. The average coupling degree of soil water and salt in wasteland in the study area was lower than that of cultivated land, ranging from 65.15% to 86.59% of that of cultivated land. The level of coordination is marginal coordination for cultivated land and marginal disorder for wasteland. The study provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of soil salinization in arid areas.


The main goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between qualities of services (SERVQUAL method) with pool customers' satisfaction of Ardebil. Methodology was descriptive-solidarity from the application and approach points of view. The population was formed from total pool customers of Ardebil in 2013. From 10000 populations, 420 people which 220 people were men and 200 people were women were selected as random-cluster. The research tool was included SERVQUAL services quality questionnaire (Parasoraman and Zitamel, 1988) and the researcher's questionnaire which was distributed and gathered after verifying the reliability and validity through the research sample was made from customers' satisfaction. The results showed that there was significant and meaningful relationship among quality of services' five-dimension (sensible factors, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, empathy) with pool customers' satisfaction of Ardebil (P<0.05). in base of prioritizing the quality of services' factors from customers' points of view, the most mean was determined for assurance (4.20) and the less mean was determined for empathy (2.30).


Knee osteoarthritis is a disease caused by age related muscle weakness, obesity, or sport injury, and it has been estimated that approximately every second person may experience it by the age of 85. Most cases of knee-OA lead to gait problems due to the pain during walking, consequently knee-OA is a significant cause of reduced personal quality of life (QOL). One of the characteristics of knee-OA is rotation dyskinesia of the knee joint due to the degeneration of the system around the knee. In the present study, we focused on the rotation of the tibia relative to the movement of the ankle joint during walking, and we developed a mechanical orthosis as the new type of ankle-foot orthosis (AFO), which induces rotation of the lower thigh in conjunction with the movement of the ankle joint. We verified the effectiveness of the developed orthosis by measuring the angle of rotation and the bone behavior on three subjects, who performed walking motion while wearing medial wedge for imitating OA patient.


The Solitude of Poe's "The Raven" Michelle Hensley On July 2, 1844 Edgar Allan Poe wrote a letter to James R. Lowell. In this letter, he states, "You speak of 'an estimate of my life'—, from what I have already said, you will see that I have none to give. I have been too deeply conscious of the mutability and evanescence of temporal things. . .My life has been whim—impulse—passion—a longing for solitude—a scorn of all things present, in an earnest desire for the future" (Poe 1: 257). Here, Poe states that he has been too conscious of the uncertainty of this life and the tendency of secular things to vanish, and therefore, he longs for a life of impulse, passion, and more importantly, solitude. By reading Poe's "The Raven," however, one can find that if one lives in solitude, he or she will become solitude, as seen in the progression of the speaker's imagination becoming reality. Edward H. Davidson says in "Poe: A Critical Study" that the "The subject of 'The Raven' was a difficult one, namely, the mind's loss of any hold on reality or the steps toward imaginative madness" (93). The mind's loss of reality can be attributed to the solitude in which the speaker has put himself. The opening lines of the poem reflect the dreariness of his situation, and for the first few stanzas of the poem, the speaker does know imagination from reality. The speaker states, "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, / Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore" (1-2). The reader knows that the speaker is alone and is "weak and weary," brooding over books of lore. The "lore" is not explicitly stated, but the reader assumes from the tone of the speaker thus far that these books are of myths, tales, or superstitions. The speaker is "nearly napping," possibly in a dream-like state, when "there came a tapping, / As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door" (3-4). The speaker, completely alone and miserable, believes that he hears someone knocking at his chamber door,


A type of single-conversion self-injection-locked (SCSIL) radar for sensing underground pipeline leakage through moist soil is proposed. In the implemented prototype, a 5.8-GHz output signal from a self-injection-locked (SIL) oscillator (SILO) is down-converted to a 0.433-GHz transmit signal, and the echo signal is up-converted to the injection signal for the SILO. With experiments, the SCSIL radar, the conventional 5.8-GHz SIL radar, and the conventional 0.433-GHz SIL radar were compared under the same conditions, which included a 25-cm-thick soil barrier. The system sensitivity and penetration could both be improved by increasing the SILO's locking range and decreasing the wireless propagation loss. To understand the behavior of the negative pressure wave (NPW) caused by pipeline leakage, simulations were conducted using MATLAB, and the detection principles were evaluated. In noncontact underground pipeline leakage detection, the standard deviation (STD) of demodulated signals can be used to estimate a leak's location. Leakage detection and localization were successfully achieved by making measurements at different measurement points; furthermore, variables such as the leak size and diameter of the pipeline were investigated.


There is broad consensus in the literature that despite dramatic gains in the knowledge-base regarding best practice in teaching, teacher education, and related pockets of effective programming in the schools, the majority of physical education programs are in disarray. In a recent article, Kretchmar (2006) referred to this dilemma as life on "Easy Street" with most physical education programs being characterized by short instructional units that afford students little chance to develop the knowledge, skills, fitness, or positive dispositions needed to maintain a physically active lifestyle. At best this approach entertains students and informs them about the health benefits associated with regular physical activity while providing limited opportunities to experience these benefits and achieve significant learning or personal growth. In the present article we propose that the problem is a complex one and as such requires a multidimensional approach to making substantive and meaningful change in school physical education. The metaphor of relocating physical education from "Easy Street" is used to delineate strategies that can be employed by teachers, teacher educators, and professional organizations to make this change possible.


Persistent and new challenges The five key planning challenges, thrown down by Klaus Kunz mann 20 years ago, still persist. In fact, they are more acute than ever. His primary challenge for a more sustainable approach to development now seems an even more unattainable dream, with ever increasingly disparities in wealth and living standards and the crossing of the threshold into seemingly permanent global warning; urban sprawl grows, whilst urban densities decrease and our ecosystems are under ever-greater threat. The question is: Why are we facing such adverse trajectories when we already have the understanding and tools to make the necessary changes? The European Charter on Planning, published in 2003 and updated in 2013, is just one of the many efforts to make the case for better planning. There are notable comparable exemplars of the power of planning from cities such as Barcelona, Bordeaux, Eindhoven, Freiburg, Lisbon, Glasgow, Helsinki, Manchester and Warsaw. However, these exemplars of progressive practice still remain exceptions. The explanation lies in the inadequate response of policymakers and practitioners to Klaus Kunz mann's other four challenges, namely that (1) urban governance is still fragmented, especially within the metropolitan regions of Europe; (2) post-industrial planning has been based on the belief that the 'market' knows best; (3) multi-cultural policies have at times undermined, rather than supported community cohesion; and (4) our cultural heritage and ecosystems continue to be eroded. In addition to the endemic challenges that Klaus Kunz mann raised, our capacity to tackle the issues is becoming threatened by aspects of the wider culture within which planning has to operate, including (1) a growing lack of trust in representative democracy, with a shift in power to participatory processes and activism at a local and national level; (2) neo-liberal economic perspectives which generally view planning as a constraint on the free market and therefore promote deregulation; (3) the role of the internet and social media in accessing both wide knowledge, but also in promulgating emotive false rationality; and (4) a growing vacuum in leadership arising from complexity and fragmentation in decision-making, in terms of the areas we plan or sectoral interests. New economic challenges The 21st century faces enormous global challenges to delivering sustainable economic growth. Some pressure for change is being driven by forces well beyond the realm and conventional instruments of land-use planning. Cities can therefore no longer be planned in narrow isolation. Cities and their regions need to cooperate in order to maintain and increase their effective and competitive advantages. However, some policy responses have become even more short-term and opportunistic, embracing the deregulation of planning, despite the evidence that unplanned markets can have significant adverse spatial implications and trigger market failure. The outcome of such market failure is a blight on the lives of local communities and the creation of long-term burdens on national budgets through overloaded infrastructure and overheated housing markets. We need to challenge the conception that there is always an inherent conflict between economic growth and the desire to promote good planning outcomes. Critics who label planning processes as barriers to and a cost upon economic growth are not supported by the evidence. Economic markets are inherently imperfect. This has been demonstrated in the last decade by the unsustainable speculation in inflationary land values. Market failure is a burden paid for by all, but especially the poorest in society. Therefore, a central thrust of the renewed 2014 Charter of European Planning has been the crucial link between planning and sustainable economic development. The principles set out in the Charter make it clear that the planning of sustainable economic development must go well beyond the zoning of sufficient land for business, commerce and industry or the provision of vital infrastructure. It should include planning for mobility, skills and affordable housing. If we are to meet these challenges, we must recognise that our current approach to planning is too small in scale and too limited in its actions in terms of the areas for which we plan, the timeframe horizons we use and the issues we tackle.


According to the monitoring data of six flight times from June to September in 2007 and June to October in 2008,the variation characteristics of water quality in Hongsha aquaculture area were discussed.PO4-P,SiO3-Si,DIN,pH value,salinity,DO,COD and chlorophyll a were analyzed.At the same time,eutrophication assessment and organic pollution evaluation about this sea area also were performed.The results showed that the nutrient changed monthly.Compared with the to redfield value in trophic structure,it accorded with P limiting condition.According to eutrophication assessment,nutrient index in summer were higher than in autumn,it belonged to eutrophication,and the organic pollution evaluation showed this area belonged to beginning suffer pollution types.


Pyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 3 was prepared by reaction of chlorocarbonyl isocyanate 1 with enaminonitrile 2.

Compound 3 reacted with nitrogen nucleophiles 4a-f to afford 2-substituted pyrido[4,3d]pyrimidine 5–8, pyrimido[i]1,5a-diaza-9-oxafluorene 9 and pyrimido[i]5a-aza-9-thiafluorene 10 derivatives. Also, compound 3 reacted with active methylene compounds 4j to yield pyrimidine derivatives 14–16 which on reaction with EtONa 4k afforded 1,5,7-triaza-10-oxaphenanthrene derivatives 17–19.


The realism theory believes that every country faces its secure problems under the international anarchical conditions. It also believes the balance of power can solve the international conflict effectively. But some scholars believe that the international security can also be achieved by the great power not by the balance of power. The idealism theory believes that the international security only can be achieved by the common interest, value and criterion among different countries in the international relationship. The two theories can not answer and solve all the problems of the international security but they have promoted the development of the theory of the international security and the construction of the mechanism of the international security.


PURPOSE: A touch panel using microwave and location detecting method are provided to increase signal to noise ratio and to increase resolution while reducing the thickness of a touch panel. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of location sensors(802,804,806) is formed on a substrate(800). A first location sensor radiates a first RF signal. The first location sensor receives a reflected or scattered first RF signal. The first location sensor senses the variation of the first RF signal. A second location sensor radiates a second RF signal.


The problem of quality of service in regulated indu stries has been the subject of an extensive and developing literature as surveyed by Sappington (2005). Service quality has also been an issue for postal operators (POs) under monopoly, wi th increasing attention paid in recent years to its measurement. It will become even more impor tant under competitive entry, as it contributes to both the definition and cost of the USO as well as to product and marketing strategies for business products that will be the f ocus of competition. Indeed, with full market opening (FMO) approved to take effect in the Europe an Union (EU) in 2011 and 2013, service quality along with maintaining the Universal Servic e Obligation (USO) will take on new dimensions. For example, the quality of competitive products may be affected by the quality levels determined by regulators for USO products. S imilarly, the technological innovations spurred by the Internet will impact service quality and its regulation. The topic is complicated and too broad to be covered in one paper. The focus f this paper will be on integrating pricecap regulation with service quality in the postal s ector under entry. While service quality under entry has an extensive literature for regulated ind ustries, it is relatively new ground in the postal sector, because, until only recently, entry was not a major issue. With 2011 looming in Europe and postal reform taking root around the world, thi s is changing fast and quality is beginning to get the attention of postal economists, for example , Correia da Silva, Mautino, Dudley, and Payling (2008).


This article theorizes how students know when to activate knowledge acquired in FYC courses. Addressing knowledge activation as motivated by pursuing activity-specific objectives, the author calls for situating students' encounter with and acquisition of rhetorical knowledge and practices of writing as knowledge of how to perform activities other than writing.


This book provides a comparison of the laws and other regulatory instruments of approaching one hundred churches worldwide across ten different ecclesiastical traditions. It explains how the study of these contributes to a theological understanding of Christian identity, reveals how regardless of denominational affiliation Christians are engaged in the performance of shared norms of action, and it proposes that from the profound similarities between the laws emerge contemporary principles of law common to Christian churches - and it articulates these.


This study aims to analyze the effect of work discipline and organizational communication on employee performance with motivation as an intervening variable. Data collection was carried out in July 2020. Respondents in this study were Civil Servants (PNS) who were at the Yogyakarta Youth and Sports Center. Work discipline is one of the factors that determine employee motivation and performance. Given that work discipline is an attitude that must be possessed by every employee that causes behavior that leads to certain goals. Supported by good organizational communication, the results will be more competent. The results obtained: (1) Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. (2) Work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with motivation as an intervening variable. (3) Organizational communication has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. (4) Organizational communication has a positive and significant effect on employee performance with motivation as an intervening variable. The implications for the findings in this study are work discipline, organizational communication, motivation as an intervention has an influence on employee performance. The end result is that the leadership continues to provide encouragement so that employees work more actively, and in making organizational policies are always communicated with subordinates, providing facilities and opportunities for subordinates to convey ideas or ideas that are useful to the organization.


There exist different methods for spatial grid division in urban management based on grid. This paper extends and puts forward adopting spatial base grid to build urban public administration architecture. It analyzes meanings and characteristics of spatial base grid, and then describes several key issues, technical approaches and geographic encoding strategy for spatial base grid division. Finally a typical application of spatial base grid is given.


The amount of biomedical literature is growing rapidly, having nearly doubled the last decade. As the literature grows, it is becoming increasingly difficult for curators to keep up, as manual curation is a time-consuming process. Past research has indicated that computer-assisted curation can speed up this process considerably. Our project aims to create a data mining approach using the ClinicalTrials.gov database as our source of data. Using external dictionaries and resources, new data will be added to the published trials by expanding on the pre-existing data tags and applying various text mining tools. As end product, we will develop a web-based curating tool that allow users to post more advanced queries for clinical trials than the currently existing interface at clinicaltrials.gov, as well as curate and add/edit manual annotations was developed. The system is available at http://invitro.titan.uio.no/clinicaltrials


This research aims to find out; history teacher's professionalism in SMA Negeri of Gorontalo City, and the performance of history teachinglearning and the relevancy of teacher professionalism to teaching task, history subject. This research is conducted at SMA Negeri, Gorontalo City. It is a descriptive qualitative research, technique of collecting the data using interview technique, observation and data. Quotation technique in this research is completely purposive sampling. This research results: (1) The professionalism of history teacher at SMA Negeri at Gorontalo City, commonly, does not fulfill the expected standard, because there are still many teachers, who are irrelevant to fields of study in teaching task. (2) The performance of history teaching-learning is not performed optimum yet. Some of teachers, they can be seen, less mastery teaching-learning material and method.


Raymond W. Barber is Guidance Counselor at Centereach-Seldon Junior-Senior High School, Centereach, Long Island, New York. are living in a transitional period in a bi-polar world with suburbs in outer space. Conflicting political, economic, social, and religious philosophies make up the community and world in the twentieth century. There seem to be more active forces affecting education today than at any previous time in American education history. There is


This paper presents a review of recent literature related to the static mechanical testing of thermoset-based carbon fiber reinforced composites and introduces a material qualification methodology to generate statistically-based allowable design values for aerospace application. Although most test methods have been found to be effective in determining the specific material properties by incorporating them into the material qualification and quality control provisions, a full validation to clarify the behavior of thermoset-based laminated composite materials is currently lacking, particularly with regard to the characterization of compressive, in-plane, interlaminar shear, and damage tolerance properties. The present study obtains information on the different types of test method that can be employed within the same material properties, and makes an in-depth experimental comparison based on the past literatures. A discussion on the scope of theoretical analysis involves a description of how the proposed test method can be adequate for obtaining more accurate material properties. This discussion is directly applicable to the assessment of material nonlinearity and the geometrical effect of specimens. Finally, the resulting failure modes and the effect of each material property are studied to aid the understanding of the load distribution and behavior of laminated composite materials.


Analytical, experimental and modelling work has identified the mineral phases and processes responsible for the retention and release of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from high-lime chromite ore processing residue (COPR) under prevailing field conditions in Glasgow, Scotland. Key processes are precipitation/dissolution of Cr-containing minerals, inter-layer anion-exchange, sorption and co-precipitation of Cr(VI), and organic complexation in pore waters. A mineral implicated in Cr(VI) dynamics is a hydrocalumite-type phase, which has anion-exchange properties, exchanging chromate (CrO 4 2– ) for sulfate (SO 4 2– ) in laboratory experiments. Such phases, however, are often transitory to the more stable hydrogarnet, which has now been identified as a major COPR phase capable of hosting Cr(VI). Both the nature of mineral phase retention and the high pH of the COPR militate against direct remediative treatment of the source material, for example by the application of generic methods such as ferrous sulfate to reduce Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Nevertheless, calcium polysulfide (CaS x ) has recently been successfully applied to the remediation of high-lime COPR and Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater in a series of laboratory experiments, leading to ongoing field trials.


It is particularly challenging to design an efficient routing protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks due to the vehicle movement, limited wireless resources, and lossy feature of the wireless channel. We propose a protocol which uses common backbone vehicles for different traffic flows, as well as employs interflow network coding to encode packets at the backbone vehicles. A reliably connected backbone is selected by taking into account vehicle movement dynamics and link quality between vehicles. By using interflow network coding at the backbone vehicles, the protocol is able to reduce the number of generated packets by 25% in most cases compared with the conventional routing approach. As a result, the proposed protocol can provide a high packet delivery ratio, low overhead, and low delay. We show the effectiveness of the protocol using theoretical analysis and computer simulations.


ABSTRACT Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (WLWH) are more likely to be infected with the oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). We assessed the prevalence of high-risk (HR) (16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/68/73/82), probable high-risk (pHR) (26/53/66), and low-risk (LR) (6/11/40/42/43/44/54/61/70) HPV types and their associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study of WLWH aged 18-64 years included one laboratory and eight HIV-specialty healthcare facilities in the pilot network. Descriptive statistics were used to assess sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Adjusted analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors associated with HR and/or pHR HPV infection in WLWH. Results: From May/2021 to May/2022, 1,914 (92.5%) WLWH participated in the pilot study and had valid HPV-DNA results of self-collected vaginal samples. The median age of the participants was 45 years, 60.1% had ≥ 9 years of schooling, 80.5% were ≤ 18 years at first sexual intercourse, and 51.7% had > 4 sexual partners throughout life. The prevalence of any HPV type, HR HPV, pHR HPV, and LR HPV was 65.8%, 49.6%, 16.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Age was inversely associated with pHR and/or HR-HPV (p < 0.001), and education level was inversely associated with HR-HPV (p = 0.003) types. Any HR or pHR was associated with being single (p = 0.029) and exchanging sex for drugs (p = 0.037). Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV, among WLWH is high in Brazil, highlighting the need for HPV screening in this population. Self-collection of vaginal samples is an important strategy for increasing testing access.


Vinland, which is most comprehensively recorded in Eiriks sa?fa rauda and Gr&nlendinga saga. The discovery also seemed to confirm earlier conclusions by scholars that Vinland was to be sought in the area around Pistolet Bay, only a few kilometers west of L'Anse aux Meadows (Tanner, "Helluland, Markland och Vinland" 54). The efforts to interpret the sagas and identify the different places described seemed to decrease after the discovery, and Newfoundland was identified by many scholars and in popular literature as Vinland (e.g. McGhee 6). The traditions about a mild climate, grape vines, self-sown wheat, etc. pointing to a more southern location were interpreted as free inventions, misunderstandings, or exaggerations (e.g. Ingstad 299-322). The confirmation of the saga's general statements about Vinland have, thus, led to a rejection of the details. In recent years, however, some scholars have argued against the conclusion that L'Anse aux Meadows represents the final solution to the Vinland question. Wahlgren is of the opinion that the details in the sagas make it necessary to search further to the south ( 1 39-67). He and other contemporary philologists suggest that vin in the Norse name, contrary to the position taken by Ingstad and some other scholars, must refer to grapes, not grass. Also Birgitta Linderoth Wallace, responsible for recent excavations in L'Anse aux Meadows, concludes that Vinland must have been located more to the south, probably in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. This area could easily be accessed and controlled from L'Anse aux Meadows, located at the entrance to the Strait of Belle Isle. Linderoth Wallace bases her conclusion on the fact that butternuts have


The paper is focused on the mortar finite element method for solving linear elliptic problems in 2D. The mortar finite element method is a nonconforming domain decomposition technique tailored to handle problems posed on domains that are partitioned into independently triangulated subdomains. In the contribution we explained the principle and properties of the method. A significant part of the paper is dedicated to the implementation of the mortar method in the Matlab system. The numerical results are showing both the principle and the possibility of practical use of the method.


For preoperative planning and intraoperative support, segmentation of soft tissue structures from the cervical region is a prerequisite. Main activities have been started in the past to segment vertebrae from CT images. But soft tissue structures have been neglected. There is only little research work about segmentation of the spinal chord and the trachea, however as far as we know there is no work about segmentation of intervertebral discs. In this paper a new segmentation method is presented for cervical discs, trachea and the spinal chord. The approach implements a continuous process, which uses neighboring information and medical knowledge to accomplish automatic segmentation. Even seed points are not needed since localization of the discs is done using a generalized Hough transform and a cluster analysis. Additionally, for a complete view of the cervical region a rule based analyzer algorithm is briefly presented, which uses anatomical knowledge to find out attachment points on the surface of the cervical vertebrae.


In a recent number of this journal1Dr. D. R. Lucas has published certain statements in regard to the action of benzoate of soda which are so much at variance with facts as to call for criticism and correction. The circumstance that these statements have emerged from the laboratory of a leading university is liable to secure for them a hearing which would scarcely be accorded otherwise. I have no intention of entering here on a detailed examination of the claims set forth in the paper to which I refer; but there are a few points on which I deem it my duty to make at least some comment, despite the fact that this task is highly distasteful to me. I At the beginning of the paper there is presented a table showing the influence of various drugs on the action of ferments. This table is based on data given many years ago by T. Lauder Brunton and is designed to show that benzoic acid exerts a relatively strong inhibiting action on emulsin, pepsin, etc. The generalization is then made that from these data it is evident


In order to solve real-world vehicle routing problems, the standard Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) model usually needs to be extended. Here we consider the case when customers can call in orders during the daily operations, i.e. both customer locations and demand may be unknown in advance. Our heuristic approach attempts to minimize the expected number of vehicles and their travel distance in the final execution, under the condition that the unknown parameters have a known (approximated) distribution.


The Cambridge Crystallography Subroutine Library (CCSL) is a versatile set of subroutines which will have many different applications for non-standard crystallography. At present it is used extensively at the Institut Laue–Langevin for interpreting all polarized neutron measurements, proceeding from the raw flipping-ratio measurements to the final production of spin-density maps. It is also used to analyse simple magnetic and more complicated nuclear structures, and for more general crystallographic applications such as arranging lists of reflections into groups of symmetry equivalents. It finds applications in the analysis of neutron powder diffraction patterns, as well as in more recent developments for the analysis of X-ray powder diffraction photographs.


The aim of this work was a neural identification of selected apple tree orchard pests in Poland. The classification was conducted on the basis of graphical information coded in the form of selected geometric characteristics of agrofags, presented on digital images. A neural classification model is presented in this paper, optimized using learning files acquired on the basis of information contained in digital photographs of pests. There has been identified 6 selected apple pests, the most commonly encountered in Polish orchards, has been addressed. In order to classify the chosen agrofags, neural networks type SOFM (Self-Organizing Feature Map) methods supported LVQ (Learning Vector Quantization) algorithms were utilized, supported by digital analysis of image techniques.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of time of day on visuospatial attention in trained subjects. We used the line-bisecting task. The protocol involved 30 healthy volunteer female soccer players (age: 21.1 ± 2.1 years, level of experience: 8.1 ± 3.2 years, height: 1.7 ± 0.03 cm, weight: 59.2 ± 3.49 kg). They performed two-test sessions at different times of day, 8:00 am and 8:00 pm. The results showed a significant time-of-day effect on line-bisecting performance, with a better precision in the evening than in the morning. The rightward error observed in the morning was reversed in the evening. An interaction between time of day x length was also observed, indicating that the difference in performance between the morning and the evening increased with the length of the line. We conclude that activities that require better visuospatial performance should be programed to take place in the evening.


A regional envelope curve (REC) summarizes the current bound on our experience of extreme floods in a region. Although RECs are available for many regions of the world, their traditional deterministic interpretation limits the use of the curves for design purposes, as magnitude, but not frequency of extreme flood events, can be quantified. A probabilistic interpretation of a REC is introduced via an estimate of its exceedance probability. The effect of intersite correlation on the exceedance probability is discussed. Monte Carlo experiments are performed to assess the performance of the estimate of the REC's exceedance probability. Generalized curves are presented for assessing the impact of regional intersite cross correlation on the likelihood of exceeding an observed REC. We also discuss how future developments in the theory of records may improve our ability to quantify the information content of a REC.


From Nov. 1977 to Oct. 1979, meniscus lesions were diagnosed in 61 knees by means of clinical symptoms and signs. In all cases both arthrographic and arthroscopic examinations were performed, and in some cases explorative arthrotomies were done. Meniscectomies were done in 50 knees. Retrospective observation of arthrograms revealed some abnormal findings that had been overlooked before.


This article describes the goals and activities for the first field season of The Herculaneum Graffiti Project. Our project fo-cuses on documenting and digitizing to make more broadly accessible the first-century handwritten wall-inscriptions, also called graffiti, in Herculaneum. Following an overview of the presence of ancient graffiti in Herculaneum, this report details the methodology we used to locate and document the inscriptions and the preservation status of ancient graffiti in each insula, or city-block, of the excavations. We further describe the preliminary results of the project's documentation efforts. We are currently studying, processing, and digitizing these inscriptions and contributing them for inclusion in the Epigraphic Database Roma and EAGLE, the Europeana network of Ancient Greek and Latin Epigraphy. We conclude with a brief mention of development of The Ancient Graffiti Project, the digital resource and search engine devoted to ancient handwritten inscriptions.


Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) are two typical kinds of neural networks. While CNN models have achieved great success on image recognition due to their strong abilities in abstracting spatial information from multiple levels, RNN models have not achieved significant progress in video analyzing tasks (e.g. action recognition), although RNN can inherently model temporal dependencies from videos. In this work, we propose a Sequential Convolutional Neural Network, denoted as SCNN, to extract effective spatial-temporal features from videos, thus incorporating the strengths of both convolutional operation and recurrent operation. Our SCNN model extends RNN to directly process feature maps, rather than vectors flattened from feature maps, to keep spatial structures of the inputs. It replaces the full connections of RNN with convolutional connections to decrease parameter numbers, computational cost, and over-fitting risk. Moreover, we introduce asymmetric convolutional layers into SCNN to reduce parameter numbers and computational cost further. Our final SCNN deep architecture used for action recognition achieves very good performances on two challenging benchmarks, UCF-101 and HMDB-51, outperforming many state-of-the-art methods.


This is a topic guide that will be useful to anyone doing research related to juvenile delinquency and was created for Dr. Jenkins Keenan's CJUS 4533 course.


A new complex system of underwater positioning and communication has been developed for control of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). It consists of a semi-submersible autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), a hovering type AUV, and three surface buoys. The operational concepts for control of multiple AUVs are discussed.


Spoken language technologies, such as automatic speech recognition, must often deal with speech from many speakers and in a wide variety of situations. Variation in speech usually creates serious difficulties for such systems; this chapter looks at the many sources of variation in speech, within a single speaker, across speakers and languages, and in external factors.


A new methodology for modeling and implementation of RF power amplifiers is shown. Starting from pulsed measurements, we demonstrated that we can predict small and large signal performances considering frequency dispersion effects, for different semiconductor technologies.


The re-establishment of the autocephality of the Serbian Church in 1557 instigated a considerable degree of activity in the field of cultural restoration. The see of the Patriarchate was revived in its former location – in the monastery Pec. Restoration of the structures of the church organization was accompanied by reparation of the old (abandoned or neglected) churches and monasteries, as well as by building of new objects. A number of new churches and monasteries arouse in the regions of the Balkans which were colonized by Serbs intensively and systematically. The new churches required liturgical books necessary for non-hindered performance of the rite. The result was that old scriptoria were restoring and intensifing their activity, but at the same time new scriptoria started to fill the libraries of numerous churches and monasteries. The short supply of liturgical books towards the end of the 15th century motivated Djurdje Crnoevic to establish the first printing shop in the South Slavonic lands at Cetinje. During the first half of the 16th century there were several printing shops at Goražde, in the monastery of Rujan and in the monasteries Gracanica and Mileseva. An analysis of the production of all those printing shops show that exclusively books necessary for normal performance of the rite were printed.


The invention discloses a hyperspectrum-based seed germination rate online-detection method. The method comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out hyperspectral image acquisition of seed training samples, and extracting the characteristic parameters of the hyperspectral images of the seed training samples under a characteristic wave band; 2, testing the seed training samples by utilizing a traditional process to obtain a germination result of the seed training samples; 3, establishing a hyperspectrum-based seed germination rate predication model with the characteristic parameters and spectral reflection values of the hyperspectral images of the seed training samples under the characteristic wave band as input and the seed germination result as output; and 4, carrying out hyperspectral image acquisition of seeds for detection, and utilizing the seed germination rate predication model to detect in order to obtain the germination rate of the seeds for detection. The invention also discloses a hyperspectrum-based seed germination rate online-detection apparatus. The simple, rapid, lossless and real time detection of the germination rate of seeds is realized in the invention.


T HE DUTCH of seventeenth-century New Netherland seems only in the last dozen years or so to have become finally a matter of the past. After the forty-odd years of Dutch sovereignty came to an end in 1664 the Dutchspeaking settlements flourished and spread, but they were for all practical purposes cut off from the mother country. The language, which from now on lived and developed independently of the Dutch of the Netherlands, survived a remarkably long time, but by the end of the nineteenth century it was in active use only around Albany, New York, and in the northernmost part of New Jersey. The latter settlements seem to have preserved best their identity as speech islands, and even the tide of Dutch immigration in the 184os appears to have done little or no mingling with this isolated group no longer felt by the Dutch to be compatriots. By the beginning of the twentieth century 'Jersey Dutch' and 'Albany Dutch' were plainly becoming extinct and began attracting attention as collectors' items. In 19o8 William H. Carpenter prefaced a discussion of some seventy-six Dutch words which have entered the lexicon of American English and the sound changes involved with some rather detailed remarks on the history and fate of the original New Netherland Dutch.2 In 1910 J. Dyneley Prince, professor at Columbia and Vice Governor of New Jersey, published a detailed though somewhat fanciful description of the sounds of Jersey Dutch (hereafter JD) in terms of their deviation from Standard Dutch, and included some remarks on the grammar, where again the theme is predominantly the 'decay' of Standard Dutch.3 Nevertheless, his work is by far the most complete body of material on this late stage of the language, and we will have occasion to refer again both to his remarks on the sounds and to his glossary of about seven hundred words of JD. In the same year Prince gratified the curiosity and interest he had aroused in the Netherlands by publishing a short annotated text in JD in a Dutch journal.4 Then in 1938 L. G. Van Loon, a doctor in Reading, Pennsylvania, wrote a booklet outlining some characteristics of the sounds, grammar, and vocabulary of


The development of pulmonary arterial hypertension can lead to right ventricular(RV) dysfunction.The evaluation of RV function is clinically important for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension because of prognostic implications.As the development of echocardiography,new echocardiographic techniques can reflect RV function sensitively and accurately.So we review the role of echocardiography in the procedure of evaluating RV function in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.


ABSTRACT "The Gatekeepers" describes the reaction of a handful of well established Israel Studies scholars to a special issue of the journal Israel Studies called "Word Crimes: Reclaining the Language of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict". These professors preferred to denounce rather than engage with the arguments and analyses presented in the special issue deploying their authority to try to silence this challenge to the conventional discourse on the Middle East Conflict.


The afforest tree is an important supporter in environmental improvement and whose foliage is an absorber of atmospheric pollutants,26 afforestation trees were chosen indifferent seasons and functional areas in the year of 2011 in Xinxiang,and the foliage chlorine contents ofdifferent trees was mensurated.The results indicated that the chlorine contents of the afforest trees' leaves increased according to seasonal variation of spring,summer and autumn.In comparison with clean areas,the chlorine contents of all the trees were relatively high in severely polluted industial areas.The foliage chlorine contents ofdifferent afforestation trees could be classified by K-Means Cluster,Buxus megistophylla,Syringa oblate,Euonymus alatus,Populus canadensis,Ligustrun lucidum,were classified as the first category and their chlorine contents were relatively high.The second category included Ailanthus altissima,Ulmus pumila,Acer elegantulum Fanget,Amygdalus triloba,Koelreuteria paniculata,Buxus sinica,Ginkgo biloba and Papermulberry,their chlorine contents were in the medium.The third category included Forsythia suspense,Paulownia,Populus tomentosa,Cercis chinensis,Sophora japonica Linn,Photiniadavidsoniae,Eriobotrya japonica,Magnoliadenudate,Photinia serrulata,Yucca gloriosa,Salix babylonica,Prunus cerasifera and Fraxinus chinensis,their foliage chlorine contents were relatively low.


Although recycling of waste plastic is one of the controlling measures of plasticwastes, some plastics like wrappers of food items cannot be recycled. These wastes finally lead to accumulation in landfills causing environmental problems. So alternate way to reduce this environmental pollution is converting them to some value added material such as activated carbon which not only reduces waste generation but is also worth economical. Among various technologies, adsorptive removal of these toxins by the usage of activated carbon as the adsorbent is more promising and economical, as it is known for its high adsorption capacity. The preparation of activated carbon from waste food packaging polymers which amount about 35% of the total plastic wastes accumulated would not only reduce the large quantities of plastics but also help in water treatment. A relatively new technique, Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) was used for the carbonization of the raw material in addition to the traditional carbonization process. Initially the waste plastic wrapper was cut in small pieces and processed to produce char which was further processed to prepare activated carbon. The samples were characterized before and after the process. The obtained char is activated with 1N KOH solution at optimized activation time of 23hrs and impregnation ratio (KOH : char) of 6:1. The obtained activated carbon is named as dry pyrolysed activated carbon (DPAC) and it was characterized by several means such as EDX, XRD, FTIR, Iodine value, Methylene blue adsorption and FESEM analysis which confirmed the production of activated carbon from plastics.


Atomic reaction measurements and calculations are surveyed. Electron elastic scattering by H atoms, slow heavy-particle reactions, fast reactions, excitation transfer, and threshold behavior are discussed. Fairly suc cessful calculations exist for most processes; most data include some deviations from theory. Other conflicts exist because of the necessary approximations in calculations. (L.N.N.)


Our aim in this paper is to obtain sufficient conditions under which certain difference equations have a "large" number of non-oscillatory solutions. Using the characteristic equation of a "majorant" delay difference equation with oscillating coefficients and Schauder's fixed point theorem, we obtain conditions under which the difference equation in question has a non-oscillatory solution.


Export of engineering products is one of major income of the nation. This research article focused on the export problems of Indian Electrical Equipment at power distribution sector. This study has analyzed the different dimensions of export problems perceived by the exporters at power distribution sector of Electri cal Equipment industry. The exporter category namely contractors, retailers, traders are selected and their perspectives are obtained. The members of Indian Electrical & Electronics Manufacturing Association (IEEMA) were considered as population and the primary data were collected from 500 organization's executives in an exhibition conducted by IEEMA and a well-designed pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the primary data regarding their export problems. The different dimensions of export problems were categorized into procedural problems, informational problems, international marketing problems, export oriented production problems, financial problems, environmental problems, HR problems. The result of the study shows that financial and environmental problems are the major issues in the export of Indian electrical equipments. This research study suggests that exporters should frequently visit foreign countries to have contact with buyer which will improve the performance of export with respect to product quality, technology, brand image, packaging and transportation, adequate attention and resource commitment. And also recommends to export promotion body should open branch offices or tie-up with marketing agencies of different countries to collect the latest information relating to business practices, competitive environment, cultural and social environment, political, economic and other market related information. The present study pointed out the scope for further research like, managerial characteristics and its influence on exports may be studied, conducting further studies in the similar area, pricing, inflation, currency exchange problems to be concentrated and study of marketing behavior from view of importers or buyers to understand their needs and expectations


In this paper I explore the opportunities that women from Islamic countries have of participating in the Olympic Games and the barriers which they face when taking part in elite sport. Here, it must be taken into account that women's personal situations vary greatly according to - among many other things - the country they live in, their place of residence, their social background and their religious orientation. After giving an overview of participation rates of women and of athletes from Islamic countries at the Olympic Games, I will undertake a more in-depth analysis of the Muslim women taking part in the Beijing Olympics. In addition, trends and participation patterns will be discussed and influential female athletes will be presented. In the second part of the article I will focus on the reasons for the small number of female athletes in Islamic countries, focusing on conditions of life as well as on culture and religion.


We aim to develop a brain-machine interface (BMI) system that estimates user's gaze or attention on an object to pick it up in the real world. In Experiment 1 and 2 we measured steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) using luminance and/or contrast modulated flickers of photographic scenes presented on a head-mounted display (HMD). We applied multiclass SVM to estimate gaze locations for every 2s time-window data, and obtained significantly good classifications of gaze locations with the leave-one-session-out cross validation. In Experiment 3 we measured SSVEP using luminance and contrast modulated flickers of real scenes that were online captured by a USB camera and presented on the HMD. We put AR markers on real objects and made their locations flickering on HMD. We obtained the best performance of gaze classification with highest luminance and contrast modulation (73-91% accuracy at chance level 33%), and significantly good classification with low (25% of the highest) luminance and contrast modulation (42-50% accuracy). These results suggest that the luminance-modulated flickers of real scenes through USB camera can be applied to BMI by using augmented reality technology.


In this article, a scheme to realize the circularly polarized (CP) periodic leaky-wave antennas (p-LWAs) is prosed. A single-row model and a dual-row model are presented based on the series-fed periodically arranged rotated right-angle triangular (RAT) microstrip patches. For either of the two models, the antenna unit of one period occupies four RAT microstrip patches and the units are arranged repetitively on one side or on both sides of a transmission line. The open-stopband (OSB) is eliminated by adjusting the distances between the patches in each unit. The single-row model with 12 units on one side of a transmission line achieves a main beam sweeping angle range of 96° (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-{\mathrm {56}}^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- {\mathrm {40}}^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The model realizes the left-hand (LH) circular polarization as the main beam is scanning continually from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-{\mathrm {19}}^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 22°. The dual-row model includes 20 units of a different form of the rotated RAT microstrip patches arranged on both sides of a transmission line. The main beam is able to scan from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-{\mathrm {40}}^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 35° while the antenna is radiating. The model realizes the LH circular polarization while the main beam is scanning from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-{\mathrm {18}}^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to 13°. The proposed two models can both realize circular polarization and continual beam scanning across the broadside.


Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic (1) highly effective in the treatment of Gram-positive infections, (2) and easily administered in patients with renal failure, has become established as a valuable therapeutic modality in the chronic dialysis patient. Vancomycin is eliminated almost exclusively by the kidney via glomerular filtration (2). The pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with various degrees of renal impairment have been examined by several authors and dosing nomograms have been formulated (3-5). From these data the marked prolongation in the half-life of the drug in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) became well known. Studies evaluating the effect of dialysis on vancomycin clearance showed only a clinically insignificant change in serum vancomycin levels with treatment (6). Therefore, no postdialysis supplementation of vancomycin was needed and therapeutic vancomycin levels could be maintained with a 1-g IV dose every 7 to 10 days. These studies were, however, performed using cuprophane membranes which are relatively impermeable to larger molecular weight substances including vancomycin, which has a molecular weight of 1450 daltons. Recently, additional dialysis membranes have been introduced and are enjoying increasingly widespread use. These include cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile, and polysulfone. To date very little is known about the clearance of vancomycin across these dialyzers. Dissemination of recently available data, therefore, will help ensure adequate vancomycin therapy for patients undergoing hemodialysis with one of these more permeable membranes. To accomplish this goal we have summarized the data of Bastani et al. (7), who studied the cellulose acetate and polyacrylonitrile membranes, and also our own recent experience with the polysulfone dialyzers (8). Direct comparisons between the studies are not possible because the methods of analysis differ. In our study every patient was evaluated using each dialysis membrane and, therefore, each patient served as his own control. Simultaneous arterial and venous plasma levels obtained during dialysis were used to calculate drug clearance. The dialyzers studied were the Travenol 12 1 1 (Cuprophane) and the Fresenius F-40, F-60, and F-80 (polysulfone). All dialysis prescriptions were held constant with respect


Salvadora oleoides Decne (Salvadoraceae family), an endangered economic plant (Regional vulnerable) commonly known in India as meetha jal is an oil-yielding medicinal and multipurpose tree. The aqueous and organic solvent extracts of different plant parts ofS. oleoides (Salvadoraceae) were screened for antimicrobial activity by the agar well diffusion method and microtitre plate method. Different extracts obtained by Soxhlet extraction method were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential against eight bacterial strains: Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 441), Bacillus cereus (MTCC 430) Staphylococcus aureus(MTCC 96), Staphylococcus epidermidis (MTCC 435), Escherichia coli (MTCC 433),Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 426), Proteus mirabilis (MTCC 425), Klebsiella pneumoniae(MTCC 3384) and three fungal strains: Aspergillus fumigatus (MTCC 343), Candida albicans (MTCC 227) and  Aspergillus niger (MTCC 282) by agar well diffusion and micro broth dilution method. Benzene extracts of both root and stem possesses highest antibacterial activity with MIC of 6.25 to 12.5 mg/ml and MIC of 6.25 to 25 mg/ml respectively. The leaf extract was inactive against all the tested pathogenic microbial strains. Antimicrobial activity of the root and stem benzene extracts were highly significant (p<0.05) when compared with standard drug streptomycin (10 µg) by Graph pad prism version 5 (Deunett multiple range test). The results of this study suggest that S. oleoidesroot and stem extracts possess antimicrobial activity against some of the tested microorganisms.

 Key words: Salvadora oleoides, antimicrobial activity, agar well diffusion method, MIC.


AIMS We report 15 cases of abdominal-surgical multiple organ failure(MOF)treated successfully by a new combined therapy four high doses in volume and one support"FHDOS"short period high doses in large volume anJsodaminum;short period high doses in large volume dexamethasonum;high doses in large volume of dis- infectant antibiotics;high doses in large volume of abdominal cav- ity washing liquor and support of nutrition metabolism.The mortal- ity rate and cost of MOF were decreased.It is simple,practical and effective. METHODS The study group consisted of 15 patients(10 wom- en,5 men;average age,42.7)who were hospitalized in our hospital.All patients were given"FHDOS":short period high in large volume Anisodaminum:intravenous injection 40 mg once; another 40rag may be added 30 minutes later according to condition.The total amount may reach 120-240 mg a day,or,in- travenous injection 40 mg every 15 minutes until condition being under control.Short period high doses in large volume Dexamethasonum:intravenous injection 100-200 mg once;this remedy may be continued for 1-3 days;the amount also may de- crease according to condition.High doses in large volume of dis- infectant Antibiotics:select and use antibiotics according to clini- cal condition,inference of Gram's stain;it is necessary to re- peatedly culture bacteria in many parts,and then,to make ad- justment according to culture result and drug-resistance,and to prevent carefully the dual infections from occurring.High doses in large volume of abdominal cavity washing liquor:generally adopt- ing physiological saline 6000o8000ml in washing abdominal cavity. "One support"means full support of nutrition metabolism. RESULTS All the patients in this group survive well after the rescue without any complication. CONCLUSIONS MOF should be prevented,if possible,by stopping or controlling the injury,removing as much necrotic tis- sue as possible,improving blood flow and oxygen consumption, supporting metabolism,and preventing infection or treating it ear- ly and adequately."FHDOS"is a combined therapy and plays a key role in treating MOF.


A current-mode DC–DC buck converter with a fully integrated power module is presented in this article. The converter is implemented using BiCMOS technology in amplifier and power MOSFET in a current sensor. The current sensor is realised by the power lateral double-diffused MOSFET with the aspect ratio much larger than that of a matched p-MOSFET. In addition, BiCMOS technology is applied in the error amplifier for an accurate current sensing and a fast transient response. The DC–DC converter is fabricated with 0.35 µm BiCMOS process. Experimental results show that the fully integrated converter operates at 1.3 MHz switching frequency with a supply voltage of 5 V. The output DC voltage is obtained as expected and the output ripple is controlled to be within 2% with a 30 µH off-chip inductor and 100 µF off-chip capacitor.


AC/DC hybrid distribution network is an important development direction of future distribution system, and DC interpole short circuit fault is the most serious fault type in DC distribution network. Usually, the blocking converter is used to isolate the fault current. Under this protection, the effective value of fault information is less, and the fault location is difficult to be identified by the protection device. To solve this problem, a new fault control strategy is proposed. By switching the control strategy of PET (Power Electronic Transformer), the input stage adopts current limiting control and changes the switching frequency of the output stage. A high frequency signal is injected into the fault point to make the protection device quickly identify the fault. Firstly, the short-circuit fault characteristics of DC distribution network are analyzed. Secondly, the generation mechanism and selection principle of characteristic signal are given from the perspective of feasibility. Then, the control strategy of injecting characteristic signal into fault lines is discussed. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by simulation.


We report a case of IgG4‐related prostatitis successfully treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR‐P). A 47‐year‐old man with a history of autoimmune pancreatitis and sclerosing cholangitis presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. Because ultrasonography revealed a mildly enlarged prostate and uroflowmetry showed a severely diminished flow curve, benign prostatic hyperplasia was diagnosed. Despite the administration of α1‐blockers, the patient's condition did not improve, and TUR‐P was performed in accordance with his wish.


In recent times Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) which is a type of artificial neural network, is being extensively used in real-time applications such as voice recognition, handwriting recognition, detection of human action, etc. In this paper,an implementation of the LSTM Accelerator on FPGA is presented where a fast approximate matrix multiplication technique is employed to reduce the delay encountered in calculations of the 4 layers of the LSTM network. The structure is implemented as a 5-stage pipeline to provide overlapped execution. The results presented highlight that the architecture proposed achieves higher performance through overlapped execution of different stages in an LSTM network, as compared to the non-pipelined design using DSP multipliers. The proposed architecture is implemented using Verilog HDL and Artix-7 xc7al00t3cgs324 is used as a target FPGAin Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.7.


Purpose – One of the consequences of globalisation is the proliferation of interactions between professionals of organisations from different cultural backgrounds. This is certainly true for construction project managers working in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, and the aim here is to provide foundation evidence regarding first, the existence of a distinct organisational culture and, second, the perceived culture type. Design/methodology/approach – Data collected through questionnaire-based interviews with 96 construction project managers in the GCC countries was analysed by applying the Organisational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI, Cameron and Quinn, 2006) and empirical statistics. Findings – The OCAI was found to be a useful tool to determine a profession's culture, and, confirming what has so far been anecdotal evidence, the findings indicate that both the group and hierarchy cultures are dominant culture types among construction project managers in the GCC countries. Practical imp...


From January 1964 to January 1968, 737 patients with breast cancer were randomized at the Cancer Institute in Milan to undergo either Halsted mastectomy or Halsted mastectomy with internal mammary node dissection; 716 were considered evaluable. The series was part of an international cooperative study. The two groups of patients were comparable in age, menopausal status, quadrant distribution, and frequency of axillary metastases. No patients received postoperative radiotherapy or adjuvant treatments. At ten years, no difference was found in either in the length of disease‐free or overall survival in the two series. The overall survival was 60.7% in patients treated with Halsted mastectomy and 57.0% in patients treated with Halsted mastectomy plus internal mammary dissection. In no subgroups was a statistically significant difference found.


Linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) is important to the Ethiopian farmers in terms of its various home uses generating potential in both domestic and foreign markets. One of the major linseed production constraints in the country is the lack of high yielding and high oil content varieties. This experiment was conducted at Hossaina, Kokate, Dida-Midore and Holeta to assess the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) among the varieties for yield and oil content. The experiment was carried out using nine released out and three pipeline varieties with a local cultivar. The analysis of variance of AMMI exhibited a very highly significant (P ≤ 0.001) variation due to varieties and locations for grain yield, oil content and oil yield, but GEI was significant for oil content and oil yield and not for grain yield indicating that the stability of the genotypes over the range of locations tested. The genotypes CI-1652, Tolle, Kassa-2, CI-1525, Jeldu, and Kulumsa-1 for oil content and the genotypes Kassa-2, Jeldu and CI-1525 for oil yield formed the first adaptive group with high mean and IPCA1 closer to zero IPCA1 indicating that they were the most stable and had wider adaptability across the studied environments. The AMMI selections for oil content and yield per environment included Kassa-2 in all the four locations; Jeldu in Holeta and Kokate; Kulumsa-1 in Dida-Midore, Hossaina and Kokate; CI-1525 in Holeta and Hossaina; Dibannee in Hossaina for both oil content and oil yield but in Kokate only for oil yield.


Using 2D nonlinear simulations, we study the gener- ation and nonlinear evolution of spiral structure in a star-forming multi-component gravitating disk. We confirm in agreement with previous studies the destabilizing role of a cold gaseous component and extend this conclusion for multi-component star-forming disks exchanging mass and momentum between its components. We show that the spiral structure growing on a non-stationary multi-phase background reaches its saturation in a similar manner like the one-component disks. The spiral structure survives even if most of the gas is transformed into stellar remnants of larger velocity dispersion. he found, that under some conditions the mass exchange be- tween stars and gas can excite density waves. We extend this study by following the dynamics of the nonlinear hydrodynam- ical equations for three interacting components: the massive stars, the low mass stars (or stellar remnants) and the gas. We perform a series of 2D multi-phase hydrodynamical simulations of the dynamics of unstable multi-component disks, and com- pare our results with the morphological properties of spirals, growing in one-component self-gravitating disks. As a particu- lar realization of the mass transformations in star-forming sys- tems we choose the description of K¨


In this paper, we give a simple proof that the density at infinity of fibers of a definable function is locally Lipschitz outside the set of asymptotic critical values.


The invention discloses an inner sleeve component of a bushing, which comprises an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve, a rubber body and an assembling sleeve, wherein the rubber body is arranged between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve; the inner sleeve is arranged on the assembling sleeve in a sleeving manner; and the rubber body is bonded with the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve in a vulcanization manner. The inner sleeve component is simple in structure and convenient to use; the original single inner sleeve of the bushing is changed into the inner sleeve component formed by assembling the inner sleeve and the assembling sleeve, the assembling sleeve is not vulcanized, and the inner sleeve, the outer sleeve and the rubber body are vulcanized, so that no half block design is required by a product; the product can be ejected directly during demoulding of vulcanization production; the quality of the product and the operability are improved greatly; the cost is lowered; the production efficiency is improved; and the market competitiveness is improved.