Abstract
One of the ways of convincing investors, in particular foreign ones, to take part in the implementation of host country economic policies is the development of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) designed to ensure more favourable business environment than those available in other locations. Poland has created and develops the SEZs. They play a positive role in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) or creating new jobs but also may have negative consequences, such as deepening regional disproportions in the country.

This paper aims at examining why certain SEZs in Poland attracted more FDI than other. In our opinion that may result from the location in a particular region (understood as a unit of administrative division of the country at the level of a voivodeship) and from endogenous conditions characteristic of the zone, such as the land it owns, infrastructure and its accessibility and finally high quality performance of the company that manages the zone.

Our calculations have shown statistically significant positive relationships between FDI inflow to SEZ and overall and some partial coefficients that describe investment attractiveness of voivodeships. Test results also suggest that efforts of managing companies with regard to wooing investors (e.g. through promotions, infrastructure development) are important in increasing the inflow of foreign investment.


In this study, we consider a multi-items inventory systems, where the ordering costs consist of a major cost and a minor cost. The joint replenishment is important for saving inventory cost. There are several heuristic algorithms for the joint replenishment inventory problem, but they can not guarantee the optimal solution or whose computational complexities are difficult. This paper proposes a new algorithm based on simulated annealing and Ragelari relaxation method. The algorithm is compared with other algorithm in case studies, and the result indicates that the algorithm can solve the problem more efficiently. Key word: Inventory; joint replenishment problem; simulated annealing algorithm; Ragelari relaxation method; deterministic demand;


This study establishes the controlling factors in the soil development in the ancient coastal plain of the Guadalquivir River along the southern Spanish coast (Huelva) shortly before 100 ka BP. The macro and micromorphological study indicates that a sedimentation hiatus allowed soil formation (extensive clay illuviation) together with the development of widespread redoximorphic features linked to iron oxide depletion and accumulation. Groundwater fluctuations driven by the overall sea-level rise during the onset of the last interglacial period triggered the pervasive occurrence of redox processes, probably acting in the coastal zone from the whole Middle Pleistocene as witnessed in inland outcrops. The resulting redoximorphic pedofeatures show a differential development in the studied zone, which is linked mainly to the activity of the Torre del Loro Fault leading regional differential upwarping of the ancient coastal area as well as local water-escape processes in the fault zone. Petrological, mineralogical and micromorphological data strongly suggest that the occurrence of multiple inheritances of iron-rich pedofeatures from previous Plio-Pleistocene weathering profiles developed under warmer and humid climatic conditions. Several pedofeatures (corroded quartz grains and runiquartz) do not correspond to the temperate oceanic climate prevailing in the zone during soil formation, and are reworked from former stronger weathering conditions. They are included in strongly iron-impregnated opaque domains that can be interpreted as inherited iron-rich nodules or clasts already present in the host sediments. These iron-rich pedofeatures have been subject to subsequent iron mobilization giving place to the iron depletion and accumulation domains observed in the micromorphological scale. Differential iron bleaching is not always linked to the fissure and/or pore-system present in the groundmass, suggesting the occurrence of differential water and sediment vertical fluxes (micro water-escape features) within the soil enhance the redoximorphic features around the fault zone.


A group of 49 strains of Fusarium sp. isolated from different Spanish samples of cereals and mixed feedstuffs were screened for their ability to produce trichothecenes like T‐2 toxin (T‐2), HT‐2 toxin (HT‐2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and deoxynivalenol (DN), as well as other mycotoxin produced by Fusarium named fusarin C. The production of these mycotoxins was analyzed by means of spectro‐photometry, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). Results showed that from 19 Fusarium strains in which cultures trichothe‐cene production was detected, 15 were HT‐2 producers, 9 T‐2 producers, 14 DAS producers and 10 DN producers. On the other hand, from 28 Fusarium strains in which cultures fusarin C production was detected, 22 were low fusarin C producers (ranged from 0.04 to 1 μg/l ICI medium), 5 Fusarium strains were intermediate‐level producers (ranged from 1 to 10 μg/l ICI medium) and one Fusarium strain produced 240 μg/l ICI medium. The identified Fusarium strains that produced trichothecenes and fusarin C were F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum.


This paper eonsiders the origin o f freshwater fauna of the northem North-Atlantie islands, notably, Iceland, the Faroes, Svalbard, Shetland and the Orkney, as well as Greenland. The history and possible migration routes are diseussed, and a fauna! relationship with Seandinavia and Great Britain is evaluated in eonjunetion with elimatie fluctuations and major teetonie events sinee the Tertiary. The Tertiary climate was warm with relatively small latitudinal gradients. During the Palaeoeene (66-57 My ago) and into the Eocene, most ofEarth enjoyed an equable and moist elimate, and a tropieal to subtropieal flora and fauna flourished in Europe, reaehing as far north as Svalbard and Ellesmere Island (DOWNES 1988). Towards the end o f the Eocene (34 My ago), a eooling trend beeame evident, first at high latitudes. The climate warmed again during Mioeene but then progressive cooling set in, eulminating in the onset ofthe lee Age some 2.6 My ago. During the last glaeial maximum (18 Ky ago), iee eovered almost all o f Greenland, the present evidenee indieating that only isolated nunataks and possibly fragments along eoastal shelves remained ice-free (BROCHMANN et al. 2003). The late Weiehselian ice sheet similarly eovered virtually all of Svalbard, Iceland, Seandinavia, Seotland and the Seottish isles, extending as far as southem Ireland and southem England (BROCHMANN et al. 2003, CLIMAP 1976). The NorthAtlantie area was also the seene for major teetonie developments from the Tertiary onwards. Greenland began separating from Northem Ameriea about 80 My ago. Later, 65 My ago, the North Atlantie opened up with a rift between Greenland and Europe. The Norwegian Sea started expanding 47-50 My ago, initiating the isolation of the Faroes and this movement is still aetive today on the Reykjanes Ridge. Ieeland seems to have separated from Greenland some 20-30 My ago and from the Faroes ea. 30-40 My ago. The age and timing of the final disappearanee o f a lan d bridge eonneeting is debated but it is generally agreed that it was at least non-existent at the onset of the Pleistoeene, some 2.6 ma (DOWNES 1988). The Tertiary fauna and flora of the NorthAtlantie islands was very different from that of today. Tree genera sueh as Abies, Sequoia, Betula, Acer, Alnus, Magnolia and Populus were eommon in West-Ieeland (SíMONARSON 1981 ), indieating temperatures in lceland simi1ar to California today. The lateTertiary fauna and flora of the North-Atlantie islands, North Ameriea and Northem Europe showed a close relationship (FRIEDRICH et al. 1972). LINDRarH (1931, 1953, 1965) explained the present distribution o f inseets from 1and bridges between North-westem Europe to Greenland via Faroes and Iceland to Greenland. DoWNES (1988) reviewed the formation of North-Atlantie is1ands and the oeeurrenee and dispersal of inseets on the islands, with special emphasis on Lepidoptera. The eo1dest period was 18 k years ago, when no boreal speeies could have survived, even if iee free areas did exist in Ieeland or on other iee eovered islands in the North-Atlantie. The lee Age ended abruptly 11 k years ago, when the temperature rose from sever eoldness in the North-Atlantie islands to climate warmer than today in a few decades (DANSGAARD 1993).


This brief note presents an algorithm to solve ordinary stochastic differential equations (SDEs). The algorithm is based on the joint solution of a system of two partial differential equations and provides strong solutions for finite-dimensional systems of SDEs driven by standard Wiener processes and with adapted initial data. Several examples illustrate its use.


Diversion is very important for a modern education system it realizes social and personal choice and development and promotes social differentiation and integration.Private higher schools as an important part of education diversion should continue to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness,and cultivate a lot of talents that adapt to the needs of the times and social development to promote the sustainable development of private higher education.


Political institutions in Portugal have never been strong enough to withstand praetorian incursions. When a young officers revolt toppled a Right‐wing civilian regime in 1974, military elements attempted to impose a new brand of authoritarian politics on the country. The Socialist Party was instrumental in foiling this attack on pluralist values and in affirming civilian primacy. However, the prospects for Portugal's infant democracy are extremely uncertain. Social distress and a crisis‐ridden economy threaten stability. In government between 1976 and 1978 the Socialist Party was unable to offer effective rule.


An investigation was made of lasers based on AlGaAs heterostructures and emitting at wavelengths of 730-850 nm, which were varied by altering the AlAs content in a single quantum well of 150 A thickness. These structures were grown by low-temperature liquid phase epitaxy. The lowest values of the threshold current density j th were 380 A/cm 2 for emission at λ l =760 nm and 120 A/cm 2 for λ l =845 nm; these values were obtained for a resonator L=700 μm long


We establish the properties of the cross-spectral density orbital angular momentum (CSD-OAM) matrix of a stationary optical beam-like field and use them to introduce the OAM-resolved polarization properties. It is shown that sufficiently general random fields contain two types of polarization, one relating to a single OAM mode and the other to a pair of modes.


AbstractThis article surveys some of the many international human rights law issues that come up in connection with the Arctic, such as the rights of indigenous peoples and the formulation of these rights in a draft Nordic Sami Convention. The focus, however, is on recent developments concerning the status of Greenland as a result of an agreement concluded in 2008 between the Danish and Greenlandic authorities. This agreement foresees not only a significant increase in self-government but also opens the door for the Greenlandic people to create an independent State through the exercise of the right to external self-determination as a matter of political decolonisation of an overseas colonial territory.


English language institutes (ELIs) are playing an increasingly important role in Iranian society. The proliferation of ELIs provides evidence of the increasing value of the English language in Iran (Sheibani, 2012) and, as argued by, Borjian (2010), "it is hard to imagine the accomplishment of the private sector without considering the enormous interest shown by Iranian youth in attending these institutions" (p. 60). Although the surge in the number of Iranian ELIs is well documented, what has not yet been adequately researched is the role of ELIs in Iran, and their appeal for Iranian students. Therefore, of central interest to our pilot study were the two relevant questions: What is the role of English language institutes in Iran? Why do ELIs appeal to Iranian students? In this brief report, we share our findings from a 2012 pilot study of five ELIs in Shiraz, Iran, whereby we gained greater insight into the role of ELIs in Iran and their appeal for Iranian students. We argue in this short report that ELIs serve not only as language learning institutions, but also as complex social spaces that increase the range of identity options for students, and women in particular.


Acta Anatomica Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae Adolescence American Anthropologist American Antiquity American Indian Culture and Research Journal American Indian Quarterly American Journal of Anatomy American Journal of Archeology American Journal of Diseases of Children American Journal of Human Genetics American Journal of Orthodontics American Journal of Physical Anthropology American Journal of Primatology American Journal of Public Health American Journal of Sociology American Journal of Sports Medicine American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene American Sociological Review Animal Behavior Annales de Genetique Annals of Human Biology Annals of Human Genetics Annals of the American Academy of Politics and Social Science Annals of the American Association of American Geographers Annals of Tourism Research Anthropological Linguistics Anthropological Quarterly Anthropology and Education Quarterly Anthropology and Humanism Quarterly The Antiquaries Journal Antiquity Archaeoastronomy Archaeology Archaeology in Montana Archaeometry Archives of Oral Biology Archivum Histologicum Japonicum Arctic Arctic Anthropology Asian Survey A.I.A.S. Newsletter Australian Journal of Historic Anthropology Behavior Genetics Behavioral Science Research


A qualitative identification of the steps required to assure the incorporation of radiological system safety principles and objectives into all phases of a manned space base program are presented. Specific areas of emphasis include: (1) radiological program management, (2) nuclear system safety plan implementation, (3) impact on program, and (4) summary of the key operation and design guidelines and requirements. The plan clearly indicates the necessity of considering and implementing radiological system safety recommendations as early as possible in the development cycle to assure maximum safety and minimize the impact on design and mission plans.


A possibility of efficient controlling the optoelectronic properties of quasi-two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenides could greatly expand their innovative applications. Titanium diselenide (TiSe2) is a scientifically and industrially important representative of...


The achievement of optimum adhesion between a thermoset and an inorganic material is an important goal for the composites and coatings industries. There is a growing interest in the use of structural surface modifiers, such as nanotubes, nanoparticles, and whiskers, to improve this adhesion. Here, a method for electrostatically depositing poly(ethylene imine)-functionalized silica nanoparticles onto E-glass fibers was developed. The deposition of 26-nm functionalized particles onto glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS)-functionalized E-glass fibers and then their embedding in a resin of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and m-phenylene diamine increased the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) 35% over that of bare fibers and 8% over that of GPS-functionalized fibers. IFSS was highly dependent on the particle size; the 16-nm functionalized particles had little effect on the IFSS. When the particles size was increased to 71 and 100 nm, this led to increasingly poor IFSS values, whereas the 26-nm particles produced the best results. Similar results were seen with the transverse flexural strength of the unidirectional composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41516.


For the processing question of inside wall of spray hole and fuel injection pipe on the engine,a new kind of keyhole extrusion honing device based on fluid magnetic abrasive was designed.Structure composition and working principle of the device were introduced.Through extrusion honing experiment,the device is proved to have ideal results in the honing of hole.


This trip report details a visit by BASICS staff during November 11-19 1996 for conducting a rapid health assessment in Benin. The aim of the visit was to identify key areas for future child survival interventions and to assist USAID/Benin in defining a strategy for expanding the health focus to include maternal and child health family planning and HIV/AIDS prevention. The staff members who were accompanied by USAID/Benin staff throughout the visit visited government offices bilateral and multilateral donors and nongovernmental groups. Health information at the facility level was facilitated by an on-going Futures Group team. The visit included the review of a Demographic and Health Survey draft report a government strategy document the UNICEF mid-term review paper and several World Bank reports. The BASICS team recommended that BASICS not engage in central level capacity building. Support should be directed to one or two departments at the intermediate level. Child survival interventions should focus on better case management and prevention of malaria diarrhea and respiratory infections and on promotion of the best practices of nutrition and breast feeding. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is applicable to improved quality of care in public and private facilities. Physical access to health centers is good but few sick children are brought to health centers. Additional BASICS efforts will be required for developing the nutrition content and counseling approach of the IMCI course. Malnutrition is highly prevalent. Exclusive breast feeding remains low at 14%. USAID should support efforts to inform and persuade decision makers of the importance of reducing malnutrition. Future interventions should be based on a systematic review of lessons learned. Other follow-up action focuses on research and collaboration with nongovernmental groups.


Better integration of psychiatric and primary care can substantially offset costs associated with physician payment reform or other policy recommendations aimed at improving psychiatric care in public programs.


Seasonal variations in the body length of zooplankton were studied in relation to water temperature, nitrate (NO3), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total chlorophyll, Secchi disk depth, pH, conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in a mesotrophic (Ikizcetepeler) and a eutrophic (Caygoren) reservoir from February 2007 to March 2008. During the study, the body lengths of a total of 7590 zooplankton specimens (1110 rotifers, 3270 cladocerans, and 3210 copepods) were measured. The length of the majority of the species was significantly smaller in summer than in winter, fall, and spring, including that of the most dominant species, Asplanchna priodonta, Daphnia galeata, Daphnia longispina, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Bosmina longirostris, Leptodora kindtii, Ceriodaphnia pulchella, Cyclops vicinus, Metacyclops gracilis, and Acanthocyclops robustus (F > 5, p < 0 . 05 ). Correspondence analysis (CA) showed that the body length of the zooplankton studied was inversely related to water temperature, whereas it was positively related to ORP and pH. The results of our study suggest that, although nutrients (NO3 and SRP) apparently have an effect on zooplankton body length only in the mesotrophic reservoir, temperature influences the body length in both the mesotrophic and the eutrophic reservoir.


To provide a scientific basis for reasonable exploitation of bamboo resources,temporal and spatial variation patterns of the microfibril angle(MFA) in Phyllostachys pubescens(moso bamboo) were studied. Buried rhizomes (R) and seedlings (S) aged 30,54,and 78 months were measured and analyzed by X-ray diffraction estimation. Results showed that when the distance ranged from bark to pith for all bamboo,MFA radial variation of secondary cell walls for the three ages decreased or had no pattern. The maximum MFA(R) was 12.05 and MFA(S) was 10.97 with the minimum of 7.67 [MFA (R)] and 8.24 [MFA (S)] for a difference of less than 5. There was a significant difference between age and MFA(P<0.05) but no regular pattern. No pattern for longitudinal variations of MFA with bamboo height were found with bamboo rhizomes having a base of 9.64,a middle of 9.25,and a top of 9.34,significantly(P<0.05) more than bamboo seedlings of 9.73 for the base,9.82 for the middle,and 9.58 for the top. [Ch,4 fig. 3 tab. 22 ref.]


Tumor surface PDL1 canonically engages immune cell PD1 to inhibit anti-tumor immunity. However, PDL1 also mediates tumor-intrinsic pathologic signals, including promoting the DNA damage response (DDR) and suppressing immunogenic STING. Genetic tumor PDL1 depletion (CRISPR/Cas9, shRNA) induces novel treatment vulnerabilities that are not replicated by αPDL1 antibodies, but genetic tumor PDL1 depletion is not clinically feasible. We hypothesized that pharmacologic tumor PDL1 depletion could replicate genetic PDL1 depletion effects as a highly translational strategy to create novel treatment vulnerabilities. We conducted a high-throughput drug screen that identified 15 tumor PDL1 depleting drugs (PDDs) that potently reduce tumor PDL1 and are FDA-approved. Cefepime (β-lactam antibiotic) is a PDD that induced PDL1-dependent Chk2 DDR protein depletion (immunoblots), Chk1 inhibitor sensitivity in vitro (MTT, p<0.0001) and in vivo in wild-type and NSG mice (p=0.03), and immunogenic STING signals (immunoblots, RT-qPCR). The PDD telmisartan (angiotensin II receptor blocker) induced PARP inhibitor sensitivity in vitro (p<0.0001), impaired homologous recombination DDR (DR-GFP reporter, immunoblots), and induced STING signals and immunogenic cell death (flow cytometry). The PDD chlorambucil (alkylating agent) selectively depleted tumor PDL1 in vivo and sensitized αPDL1-resistant tumors to αPDL1 in a tumor PDL1 and NK cell-dependent manner. Thus, PDDs deplete tumor PDL1 to inhibit its pathologic cell-intrinsic signals, induce novel treatment vulnerabilities, improve tumor immunogenicity, and are rapidly translatable.
 Supported by grants from NIH (Graduate Research in Immunology Program training grant T32 AI138944, TL1 TR002647, T32GM113896, CA204965, CA054515) and the Clayton Foundation (no grant number).


The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) introduced as a generalization of the Discrete Fourier Transform over residueclass rings of unity which have many applications in computer arithmetic and which allows the implementation of Digital Signal Processing operations with better efficiency and accuracy than Fast Fourier Transform without round off errors. The incorporation of double modulus entity reduces the computation time and the buffer reduction technique that is tailored for the special moduli required by the NTT. In this work, a multiplication algorithm based on double modulus NTT has been developed and the deployment of double moduli enlarges the permitted NTT sample size and thus improves the transform efficiency over large integer multiplication and an area efficient multiplication using Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) architecture is designed and verified using Xilinx tool and simulation results reveals the better performance of multipliered architecture rather than relaying on the multiplierless architecture and this can be employed in Graphics Processing Unit especially in Nvidia graphic cards which can be used in video filtering and High Definition image display for an area efficient memory operation.


To investigate the statement of laboratory curriculums of human movement science in seven teachers' universities.The finding is that the overall statement is not bad.However,it is urgent for Human Movement Science to renew experimental contents,to reform teaching methods,to relieve the inconsistent of quantities among students,teacher and laboratory appliance and to improve the students' abilities of science research.


The mantle of the Torah is likened to Yiddish language. Many sayings and expressions in Yiddish are found in TaNaKH, (Talmud) and Midrash.Rabbi David Cohen actually wrote a book in Hebrew called Hasafah Hakedoshah (Yiddish, the Holy Language) in which he wrote that Jews in Galut (Diaspora) did not want to use the same language as their gentile neighbors and they did not want to use lashon hakodesh (the Hebrew language) for secular matters.Rabbi Joseph Soloveithchik likened the sanctity of Yiddish to that of the Torah mantle and the pouch which contains the Tefillin. He wrote the following in the Yiddish Newspaper Tag ("The Day"), on February 24, 1961, concerning the importance of the survival of the Yiddish language:"I am not a Yiddishist who believes that the language has absolute value. But I am a Gemara-Yid and I know that holiness and absoluteness are not always identical. The halakhah has formulated two magnitudes of kedusha (holiness): 1) entities which are in essence kedusha, and 2) entities which are instruments of kedusha. The halakhah rules that one must rescue from a fire on Shabbat, not only a Sefer Torah, but the mantle in which it is wrapped; not just Tefillin, but the sack which contains them as well. Therefore, Yiddish as a language-notwithstanding that it is not inherently holy-surely stands with those ancillary entities which are also holy and must be saved at all costs.Is there a more beautiful mantle which has clothed the most sacred Sifrei-Torah - and continues to cloak them-than Yiddish? It was in this language that the Rema, the Maharshal, the Vilna Gaon, Reb Chaim Vohloziner, and other Gedolei Yisrael learned Torah with their students. In Yiddish, the Baal ShemTov, the Mehzeritcher Magid, and the Alter Rebbe (of Lubavitch) explained to their disciples the secrets of Creation. It was in simple (Mame-Loshen) that the Jewish masses expressed their simple faith, their love, their loyalty... To this day, great Roshei Yeshevot give their shiurim in Yiddish. Such a mantle is surely holy, notwithstanding that its holiness is not absolute, but an acquired holiness. Akin to that acquired by artifacts used to contain holy objects, great merit lies in upholding that mantle."Various reasons have been proposed for perpetuating the Yiddish language. Yiddish served as a spoken language of a major portion of the Jewish people for more than 1,000 years. It helped Jewish leaders to more easily approach the laity, particularly Hasidic leaders who were able to awaken the imagination and to renew the religious feeling of the people. Another reason for perpetuating the Yiddish language is that at the outbreak of World War II, between ten and twelve million people spoke Yiddish. …


Abstract : This paper presents the result of the SOCRATES (Shuttle Orbiter Contamination Representation Accounting for Transiently Emitted Species) code which has been developed to assess the effects of contamination of measurements aboard spacecraft in low earth orbit. SOCRATES is a Monte Carlo code which includes in its present version scattering, collisions leading to kinetic-to- vibrational energy transfer, and reactive collisions. The application of this code to actual measurements aboard spacecraft in low earth orbit makes it possible to evaluate data obtained on these platforms with a view towards extracting the data of interest from contaminated signals.


To date, the bulk of research on speaker diarization has been conducted on telephone or near-field speech. As the need for technologies capable of handling conversational speech increases, it is necessary to establish the performance of state-of-the-art systems in this domain. In this work we evaluate the performance of an ivector/PLDA-based diarization system on the AMI Meeting Corpus, comparing performance on near-field, far-field, and signal-enhanced conditions.


a hydraulic test bench for a wave energy converter was designed and built. Reciprocating motion generated by incident wave was rectified by a hydraulic circuit, and the rectified flow drives a generator. In this experiment, total efficiency was 40% to 50% using 48-pole generator. Also a Simulink program was made to simulate the hydraulic circuit. Power of the reciprocating motion by the incident wave was rectified by 4-way valve.


This final chapter of States of Fragility 2016 describes a tool for understanding violence better, and makes recommendations addressed at the broader fragility and violence community. The violence lens, a tool first presented by the OECD in 2009, is updated to better understand violence today. The report then highlights some areas where the development community can more effectively address fragility and violence. These are grouped as policy, programming and financing recommendations. The report concludes with a call to alleviate the toll of violence and fragility on those who are most left behind.


Simple Summary The flathead oak borer Coraebus undatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is a major pest of cork oak (Quercus suber) along the Mediterranean Basin that generates significant economic losses in the cork industry. Larvae bore long galleries and feed on the cork generating layer, thus affecting its quality. At present, the semiochemistry of this species is poorly known, and therefore the elucidation of chemicals involved in its intraspecific communication may allow the development of novel control tools. We determined that both sexes release the compound 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, and the biological activity of the compound was addressed by means of electroantennography and behavioral assays. The attractiveness of the compound on both sexes under laboratory conditions contrasts to its performance in field trials, which may be explained by features inherent to the methodological design (e.g., the absence of a contextually related visual stimulus or trap deployment height). This is the first time in which an intraspecific compound has been reported as attractive for the species, and practical implications for the assessment of its activity under natural conditions are also further discussed. Abstract The main aim of this work was to identify semiochemicals from the jewel beetle Coraebus undatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) that may aid in the improvement of current monitoring tools. First, HS-SPME collections revealed that individually sampled adults (>7 days old) of both sexes release the spiroacetal 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane (olean). Electroantennographic recordings from both sexes exposed to increasing amounts of olean followed a dose-dependent pattern, with females being more responsive than males to the highest amount of the compound (100 µg). In double-choice assays, adults older than seven days were significantly attracted to olean, whereas this attraction was not detected in insects aged less than seven days. Indeed, a repellent effect was observed in young females. Subsequent field trials employing sticky purple prism traps revealed that there were no differences among the number of insects caught in control and olean-baited traps at two different release rates (0.75 and 3.75 mg/day). Interestingly, all the trapped specimens were determined as mated females, regardless of the presence of olean. Overall, these findings provide a basis for unraveling the chemical ecology of the species, although further research is still needed to determine the specific role of this compound within the chemical communication of the species.


This is a comparative study between two theologians, M Ricci' s and Choi Byunghun' s(崔炳憲).understanding of Confucianism. M. Ricci was the...


This study reviews the evolving role and state of risk management in Scottish charities between 2009 and 2018, with a specific focus on charities engaging in public service partnerships. It draws on data from questionnaires, interviews and charity documents. It identifies how risk management
 activities are organised in the Scottish charity sector in general. It also identifies how charities deal with risk in partnerships. The findings suggest that most risk management activities are implicit and sporadic, with some Scottish charities engaging in more formal practices, although
 none of the risk management activities extend to partnership working and reporting on risk management practices is also limited.


Gate-All-Around (GAA) nanowire metal–oxide– semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFETs) have become favoured candidates for extending scaling in future CMOS technology generations due to excellent electrostatic integrity and a promise of better transport and improved device performance compared to conventional bulk MOSFETs. Such devices with sub-10-nm channel length and cross section have already been experimentally demonstrated by (Yu et al 2002). It is well-known that scattering due to Si/SiO2 interface roughness or Surface Roughness Scattering (SRS) is important in planar silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and it is expected to be even more important in ultra-thin body silicon-oninsulator (UTBSOI) MOSFETs.


Hieracium radyrense (Pugsley) P. D. Sell & C. West (Asteraceae), Radyr Hawkweed is a very rare endemic species restricted to Radyr, Glamorgan (v.c. 41), Wales. It was first found in 1907, and was described as a variety in 1948 and as a species in 1955, and belongs to Hieracium Section Vulgata. It has been seen only a few times since it was first found. Surveys between 1998 and 2004 indicate that only one population with 20‐ 25 plants survives, and it is extinct in two other sites. Neither the species nor the site has any legal protection, and it is under significant threat of extinction. Seed has been deposited in the Millennium Seed Bank, and it is being grown in cultivation.


The present invention includes a plurality of that in the home network system, and relates to the method, the home network system, the home automation possible for the shortest-path movement of the autonomous mobile robot, by detecting a user located in the cell coverage area, and send the results beacon; Based on the moving route information is provided autonomous mobile robot to perform the traveling movement to approach to the user; And it is configured to detect this on the basis of the information of the user transmitted from the beacon the autonomous mobile robot includes a home server which calculates a path for easy access to the user providing the autonomous mobile robot. Consequently, it is possible than the shortest distance possible to access to the user and reducing the energy wasted accordingly. Home networks, robotics, autonomous, home servers, beacon, travel, moving, approaching


Background: Implementing thrombolytic therapy in a stroke unit (SU) profoundly affects the resources available to all patients admitted for suspected acute stroke. We examined the benefits of an acute stroke service to non-stroke patients in terms of length of hospitalization, and estimated the economic impact in terms of derived costs. Methods: We performed a historical follow-up study of 792 non-stroke patients admitted to our SU for suspected stroke before, during and after implementing thrombolysis as part of our service. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, including imaging data and final diagnoses, and length of stay (LOS) were collected prospectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with LOS. Results: Median LOS for non-stroke patients in the SU decreased from 43.8 h (interquartile range, 19–96) to 23.5 h (16–44) after implementing thrombolytic therapy. Total hospital LOS for non-stroke patients decreased from 52.7 (22–147) to 28.7 (21–124) h during the same period. Initial magnetic resonance imaging was associated with shorter LOS in the SU. The derived cost reductions from shorter LOS reduced the costs of implementing recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Conclusions: Stroke care reorganization following the introduction of thrombolytic treatment was associated with a 50% reduction in LOS for non-stroke patients admitted to the SU. Reduced LOS in the SU for non-stroke patients could further add to the cost-effectiveness of thrombolytic treatment.


Determine the rate of positive extremity ultrasound exams for DVT in patients with COVID‐19 and assess for differences in laboratory values in patients with and without DVT, which could be used as a surrogate to decide the need for further evaluation with ultrasound.


The present invention discloses a high-power light compound solar module comprising a glass plate stacked from top to bottom, translucent EVA layer, an array of silicon cells, EVA barrier layer and the back sheet, the glass sheet toward the light source side the organic solar cell module encapsulation is provided, the transparency of the organic solar cell module is greater than 96%. In the present invention the glass plate facing the light source side has nearly transparent packaged organic solar cell module can be based on the original crystalline silicon module power on, additional power emitted by the organic solar cell module, high power reaches the target; the ITO conductive very close to the ratio of the film and a transparent organic glass plate surface attached to the solar cell, the incident light enters the surface of the crystal silicon cells still above 96%.


Objective - The high tax administration loss rate sparked various speculations in Society. This study aims to determine the factors that led to the defeat of the tax administration in the Indonesian Tax Court.
Methodology/Technique – Simple random sampling is used to obtain 1,000 samples of decisions on appeal disputes which is three times the minimum sample size. The logit model is used to find out whether the independent variable affects the dependent variable. The linear probability model is also used to test whether the Logit Model is robust.
Findings - The estimation of results shows that the interaction between the tax dispute resolution period and the type of tax, as well as the number of representatives of the tax authorities, had a positive and significant impact on the loss of the tax administration in the prosecution.
Novelty - No economic study has comprehensively analyzed the determinants of administrative defeat in the Indonesian Tax Court. This study uses data that have not been used in previous studies. The information includes evidence at audits/objections and appeals, types of taxes, tax dispute resolution periods, interactions between dispute resolution periods and evidence at audits/objections and requests, interactions between dispute resolution periods and types of taxes, interactions between periods dispute resolution, types of taxes and evidence at examination/objection and appeal, initial value, gender of judges, representatives of taxpayers and representatives of tax authorities in court.
Type of Paper: Empirical
JEL Classification: G18, K41
Keywords: Tax dispute; appeal decision; influencing factors; Tax Authorities defeat; Tax Court
Reference to this paper should be referred to as follows: Sari, M.N; Qibthiyyah, R.M. (2022). Examining the Factors That Affect the Loss of Tax Disputes in the Tax Court, Acc. Fin. Review, 7(2), 97 – 112. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2022.7.2(3)


Objective To observe the change of general physiological indexes such as weight,ingestion,organ coefficient of rats in the sub- chronic moxa smoke inhalation test,and to give primary safety evaluation. Methods 160 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups( moxa smoke groups: high moxa smoke HMS group,moderate moxa smoke MMS group,little moxa smoke LMS group; normal control NC group). Moxa smoke groups were exposed in moxa smoke for 3 months in different moxa smoke dose( 6h/d,5d/wk),normal control group was with no inhalation. Immediately after the smoke inhalation and after 1 month recovery, half of the rats in different groups were dissected and the corresponding indicators were measured. During the inhalation,general physiological indexes such as weight,ingestion and organ coefficient were observed and analyzed. Results There was an increasing tendency in the weight of both male and female rats,the average weight of rats was lower in HMS group than in the NC group; but there was not significant difference between different groups except individual period( P 0. 05). There was not an increasing tendency of the ingestion of both male and female rats,and there was not significant difference in ingestion between different groups except individual period( P 0. 05). There was not significant difference of the organ coefficient of both male and female rats between different groups immediately after the smoke inhalation and after 1 month recovery( respectively P 0. 05). It suggested that rats had no obvious viscera edema and viscera atrophy during moxa inhalation. Conclusion Moxa smoke has no obvious impact to rats.


The power set of a finite set is used as the alphabet of a string interpreting a sentence of Monadic Second-Order Logic so that the string can be reduced (in a straightforward way) to the symbols occurring in the sentence. Simple extensions to regular expressions are described matching the succinctness of Monadic Second-Order Logic. A link to Goguen and Burstall's notion of an institution is forged, and applied to conceptions within natural language semantics of time based on change.


In this work, which is intended to be a Work in Progress Paper in the Research Category, a pilot study of a directed self-placement exam and a workshop designed to lower the DFW rate (% of students who earn a D, F, or W) is presented. Linear regression models that included the directed self-placement exam score, differential equations grade, introduction to circuit analysis grade, and prior GPA were created, and the four-factor model, best three-factor model, best two-factor model, and the individual factor models are presented. The most cost-effective model in terms of significance (less than 0.001) and R2 (0.48) values was a two-factor model that included the introduction to circuit analysis grade, and prior GPA. This suggests that the directed self-placement exam is not needed to predict student success in the author's circuits and systems course.


[Objective] Preadipocyte 3T3-L1 was used to evaluate the effect of Rhodiola rosea L. herb extract( RRLHE) on preadipocyte3T3-L1 proliferation and differention. [Method] Oil red O staining method was used for evaluation of effect of Rhodiola rosea L. herb extract( RRLHE) on preadipocyte 3T3-L1 proliferation and differention. Adipocyte differentiation related genes expression,peroxisome proliferation activator receptor γ( PPARγ) and CAAT / enhancer binding protein α( C / EBPα) mRNA,were examined by using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction( Real time QPCR). [Result] RRLHE could significantly inhibit preadipocyte 3T3-L1 proliferation and differention toward mature adipocytes. In addition,RRLHE could significantly increase 3H glucose uptake rate in preadipocyte 3T3-L1. RRLHE could significantly inhibit PPARγ and C / EBPα mRNA expression compared to control group. [Conclusion]RRLHE can inhibit preadipocyte 3T3-L1 proliferation and differention toward mature adipocytes,enhance 3H glucose uptake rate in preadipocyte 3T3-L1. The inhibitory effect has a relationship to deactivation of PPARγ and C / EBP-α mRNA genes expression.


Hydro-physical and chemical characteristics of soils under five dominant landuses viz. agriculture, forest, grass, scrub and barren lands in Shiwalik hills of district Solan of Himachal Pradesh were computed and compared. Shiwalik hill soils are coarse textured, slightly acidic to neutral in reaction, high in organic carbon, low in CEC and available N supplies and moderate to high in P and K status. Hydraulic characteristics and available water (AW) varied widely under landuses and were found to be highest in forest lands closely followed by grass lands and lowest under scrub/barren lands. On the basis of AW, different landuses could be arranged in the order: forest lands > grass lands > agricultural lands > barren lands > scrub lands. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and steady state infiltration revealed a reverse trend as both were highest in barren lands and lowest in grass lands. Considering hydro-physical and chemical characteristics, these soils seem to have narrow possibilities for cereal and shallow rooted annual crops.


Ongoing and planned research work in the absorption field at Chalmers University of Technology can be divided into four areas:
- System studies and optimization;
A computer program has been developed with which a heat transformer can be simulated and its parts can be technically and/or economically optimized. Technical optimizations include optimal area distribution between the five heat exchangers to achieve a certain COP or a certain temperature lift and minimum total area needed for a certain heat output. Economic optimizations include optimal size of the heat transformer and its components at various conditions.
- Desorption heat transfer;
An experimental plant for studies of heat transfer coefficients of LiBr-H20 in a falling-film type desorber has been constructed. No results are yet available.
-An activity-coefficient model for electrolyte systems;
An activity-coefficient has been proposed to represent the properties over a wide electrolyte concentration range, i.e. high dilution to the solubility limit. It is well suited both for single-electrolyte and multi-electrolyte solutions.
-Transport properties for electrolyte systems;
The aim with this project is to develop methods and equations for correlation and prediction of transport properties, mainly viscosity, for single- and multicomponent electrolyte systems. An equation for correlation of viscosity data has been proposed and an equation for prediction of the viscosity based on activity coefficients is under development.


Paul's explication of the relationship between the Spirit and Law in Romans 8 has been the subject of protracted scholarly debate. In Romans 7:6 Spirit and Law are set in opposition to each other. However, in Romans 8:4 they appear conjoined, operating in a more harmonious manner. With the use of cognitive dissonance theory, this book proposes that Paul perceived a state of dissonance between covenantal nomism and his post-Damascus cognitions on the Spirit. As a result, he attempts to reduce the qualitative distinction between these two clusters of cognitions by establishing cognitive overlap between them and by striving to achieve social validation for his cognitions within his own fictive family of Roman believers with whom he shared the experience of the Spirit.


Abstract Recent research has uncovered a variety of compounds of palladium or platinum in formal oxidation states I and III. These are generally dimeric with some form of metal-metal interaction and many of them show unique chemical behavior.


How can acquisition of intercultural competence be implemented into courses across the high school curriculum? The aim of this paper is to showcase the approaches enhancing intercultural learning as promoted by the EU founding documents and implemented within the PERMIT project . To this end, the paper is organised in four sections. The first section intro duces the main tenets promoted by the project. The second section examines the the oretical framework for activities within the PERMIT project, introducing t he basic concepts and strategies proposed by the cross-cultural approach and the intercultural approach, so as to prove the relevance of these theories in a chieving the main goals of the project. A special, third section briefly presents the tools developed for the purpose of the project, along with the facets of in tercultural education that they were meant to enhance, but is mainly devoted to com menting on the data gathered from Italian, Slovene and Turkish secondar y students with questionnaires, which consequently informed various activities within teacher training workshops. The final section outlines the main outcomes of the project, namely, a set of cross-curricular teaching material s intended for the development of intercultural awareness and gives an overall ass essment of PERMIT project's achievements. An Investigation into Intercultural Communication Is sues in High School Curricula in Italy, Slovenia and Turkey 150 An Investigation into Intercultural Communication I ssues in High School Curricula in Italy, Slovenia and Turkey One of the main tenets of the EU integration proces s is the respect for cultural and linguistic diversity of the Member Sta tes. As the Preamble to the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU states, " he Union contributes to the preservation and to the development of these common values while respecting the diversity of the cultures and tradit ions of the peoples of Europe as well as the national identities of the Me mb r States and the organisation of their public authorities at nationa l, regional and local levels." Article 151 elaborates on this integration principle by asserting that "the Community shall contribute to the floweri ng of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting their national and regional diversity and at the same time bringing the common cultural herit age to the fore." Moreover, the White Paper on Intercultural Learning focuses on the important role that intercultural dialogue must pla y in this regard, since "[i]t allows us to prevent ethnic, religious, lingu istic and cultural divides. It enables us to move forward together, to deal with o ur different identities constructively and democratically on the basis of s hared universal values." These principles were at the forefront of our atte ntion in designing the activities and planning their outcomes within t he PERMIT project (Promote Education and Reciprocal Understanding thr ough Multicultural Integrated Teaching), which was sponsored by the EU initiative Promotion of the Civil Society Dialogue Between the European Union and Turkey . Drawing on the cultural, linguistic, religious and humanist inheritance of Italy, Slovenia, and Turkey, we decided to contribu te to the development of quality intercultural education by encouraging t eachers of various subjects in high schools to develop teaching materi als through cooperation with practitioners from the other two countries. Th us, we hoped to contribute to the preservation and to the developme nt of common values while respecting the diversity of the cultures and traditions of the three countries by implementing the aforementioned EU fou nding principles in Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Li ngu stics 151 the classroom practices of a number of teachers and , co sequently, reach a considerable number of their students. The importance of intercultural dialogue among thos e forming or aspiring to join the European Union underpinned all the activities of the PERMIT project. On the one hand, the aim of the pro ject was to promote the best practices in raising intercultural awarene ss that had been developed in the participating tertiary institution s. On the other hand, the goal was to give an opportunity to teachers and stu ents in secondary education from the three participating countries to establish new international ties that would prompt mutual interes t into respective cultures and facilitate gaining firsthand experience, knowle dg , and understanding of these diverse cultural environments. A brief examination of the goals specified in the p roject proposal yields a clear set of core objectives that are gear ed towards developing intercultural communicative competence and encourag ing citizenship education of all participants. The main goals were: • strengthening contacts and exchanging intercultural insights on cultural values between partner institutions to influence te aching practices in partner countries; • developing knowledge and understanding among second ary school teachers about the EU and Turkish cultural identiti es, about historical periods of mutual engagement, and past interactions between the three cultures; • promoting innovative teaching practices based on a mutual exchange of professional views and values, as well as foster ing espect for partners' cultural identity. These principles were to be spread throughout the student population involved in the p roject and multiplied in teachers' working environments. Furthermore, the PERMIT project proposed to strengt hen the dialogue within civil society by bringing elements of citize nship education into the An Investigation into Intercultural Communication Is sues in High School Curricula in Italy, Slovenia and Turkey 152 classroom, such as human rights, ethical behaviour, personal responsibility, and critical thinking, so as to eng age in a discussion of these matters at the grass-roots level. In order to achieve its objectives, the project env isaged expanding intercultural and citizenship considerations to cur ri lar subjects that would traditionally shun such issues, thus proposin g a radical rethinking of established teaching practices, based on the convic tion that in a closely knit multicultural society intercultural sensitivit y must permeate subjects across the curriculum. To bring about a change of attitudes and teaching p ractices envisaged by the PERMIT project, a number of activities took pla ce both on national and international level, such as workshops, seminar s, and exchanges on the Internet in which teachers, researchers and student s could exchange views and learn from each other. However, in order to ini tiate these activities, a preliminary investigation was needed to research th e underlying views, attitudes, and values on intercultural issues withi n e PERMIT project's intended scope. In order to achieve the aims of the PERMIT project, the core partners University of Primorska, Faculty of Humani ties (UP FHS) in Slovenia; University Ca' Foscari in Italy; and Yild iz University in Turkey, engaged secondary schools in all three countries an d reached a considerable number of teachers and students. We also considered it important to assess the over all stance towards intercultural and citizenship topics of tea chers and students prior to launching the revision of teaching materials and of classroom activities. The students' questionnaire in particular was meant to provide researchers and teachers with a simple tool for assessing stude n s' progress in this area. The present paper, therefore, first examines the t heory underlying the approaches adopted in promoting intercultural a wareness and Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Applied Li ngu stics 153 sensitivity, continues by addressing a few focal po ints in assessing intercultural communicative competence in students, and comments on the salient issues that transpired from the analysis of the questionnaires. In conclusion, a few brief observations are made on te aching materials produced by Slovene, Turkish, and Italian teachers within the PERMIT project, especially those considered to successfull y implement the intercultural approach and education to democratic citizenship. Cross-Cultural Versus Intercultural Approach Intercultural awareness and competence is at the ce ntre of many aspects of life in a globalized world. Amidst const ant technological advancement, daily contacts, real or virtual, with culturally and linguistically diverse groups have become a normal occurrence for pupils from an early age. It is therefore important for te achers and promoters of intercultural communicative competence to ask the q u stion: How do pupils read and interpret the information and signs transmitted in these contacts with other cultures? , What do they notice and why?, What assumptions are triggered and why? and, How does the multicultural environment influence pupils' attitudes and values, their worldview in general? Furthermore, we must consider which teaching approa ch can best help them to cope with the challenges presented by multicultural environments and how to integrate it into our teach ing practices. A brief examination of theoretical trends dealing with the d velopment of intercultural sensitivity and intercultural communi cative competence that underpin approaches used within the PERMIT project will help us grapple with these aspects of education. In the field of research communication between peop le from different cultural backgrounds, two quite distinct approaches have been adopted to raise awareness and sensitivity of other ness, namely, the crosscultural approach and the intercultural approach. T hey both share common An Investigation into Intercultural Communication Is sues in High School Curricula in Italy, Slovenia and Turkey 154 tenets and principles. Indeed, they even intersect in many aspects, although they tackle the common field of research from diffe r


Abstract Ultra-fine calcium carbonate is widely used in construction, manufacturing and other fields. Ultra-fine grinding is the central preparation technology of calcium carbonate powder in recent years. A new ultra-fine grinding kinetics model has been developed for the wet stirred mill by using population balance equation, and the non-first-order breakage kinetics has been demonstrated. The transition from the dominant mechanism of particle breakage to the balanced state of breakage, that is, aggregation and disaggregation, is investigated, which can be treated as the optimal operating conditions for the whole process. Moreover, compared with the measured size distribution of the products, the simulated values by the new kinetics equation are more accurate to predict the products. The optimal grinding time of calcium carbonate by the laboratory wet stirred mill is about 2 h. This investigation is valuable to the simulation and optimisation of the industrial ultra-fine grinding processes of calcium carbonate materials.


Threshold cryptography provides a way in which the secret key can be shared secretly. Threshold signature is a part of the threshold cryptography. This paper has proposed a threshold signature scheme, which is a combination of digital signature scheme and secret sharing scheme over finite abelian group, based on Rabin cryptosystem. Also the efficiency and security of the scheme are discussed.


Air transport agreement between the government of the sultanate of oman and the government of the republic of tunisia. Muscat, 16 november 1985


The usual reasoning is that: (a) we seek the sound field, therefore the ideal data are sound fields at a specific range, or (b) we seek the Green's function, therefore the ideal data are delta functions centered on the source. Both of the above arguments are irrelevant if we demand that the solution of the parabolic equation should correspond at long ranges to the solution of the Helmboltz equation—at least when the environment does not change with range. Comparisons using different types of initial data will be presented. We recommend that a mode sum ∑ φn(z)φn(zs)be used for initial data. Three criteria are used to eliminate unnecessary terms from the above sum. First, it is particularly important to eliminate the "non‐propagating" modes. These modes are a serious source of error in the solution of the parabolic equation because their relative effects do not decrease with range. Second, it is helpful to eliminate those modes that do not contribute at the depths of interest. Third, why include those modes...


In his article, Science and the Mountain Peak, Professor Isaac Asimov wrote: "There has been at least one occasion in history, when Greek secular and rational thought bowed to the mystical aspect of Christianity, and what followed was a Dark Age. We can't afford another!" I don't think I am exaggerating when I say that, when it comes to Modern Physics (also known as New Physics), we have indeed been in some sort of intellectual dark age, whether we can afford it or not. In fact, we have been in it since the end of the 19 th


High-speed networking technology and standards have progressed dramatically in the past few years and much attention is now focused on deployment efforts, such as the North Carolina Information Highway (NCIH) [7], and applications. With this shift in emphasis, concerns have been raised about information security. Examples of abuse of the Internet abound and unfortunately ATM networks are subject to many of these same abuses. This is of subtanstial concern when thinking about extending the reach of public data networking to broad segments of society.


This paper identifies the relative importance of key enabling factors for implementing industry 4.0 from a technological readiness perspective. The research involves the identification of enabling factors, their categorization into technological readiness dimensions, followed by the determination of the relative importance of both technological readiness dimensions and key objective measures. The results show a strong relationship between technological readiness and design principles of Industry 4.0. The findings suggest that process-related objectives are more important than economic-related and environmental-related objectives when implementing industry 4.0. The results also show that "the knowledge of humans in technology and how to leverage it" and "improving the ability of machines and devices in connecting to the internet" are the most important factors for achieving all objective measures. Practitioners can use the apparent relationship between process related objectives and key technological dimensions for setting appropriate strategies and policies when moving towards Industry 4.0.


The ideology of "unity of heaven and humanity" represents our ancestors' cosmology,also is the fundamental essence of Chinese traditional philosophy.It explores the universe and all kinds of relations in an integrated and dialectical way,advocating the harmony between man and nature,emphasizing the fate care of both human existence and living status.These ideas have been granted full-bodied ecological consciousness and humane spirit,and all these ideas have far-reaching impacts on traditional Chinese paintings and aesthetics,particularly on Chinese landscape painting.These impacts represent as life consciousness,humanistic consciousness and realm pursuit.


Some publications, professional and other, devote much space to criticisms of the American Medical Association, as though the Association were an enemy of the profession or of the people. In the professional arena, conservative voices especially denounce AMA's sponsorship of the Medicredit proposal. Yet of all legislative proposals of this kind, Medicredit would be most supportive to private practice— the very thing conservative physicians hold most dear. It is understandable that some physicians would dislike the prospect of even so much federal intervention as would inevitably be caused by Medicredit. Nevertheless, among many purposes served, merely having this proposal before the Congress has given the AMA a ticket of admission to the whole three-ring circus of legislative shenanigans. When the AMA had no solid base on which to stand, as was the case in Medicare days, the Association, after the Johnson landslide of 1964, received scant hearings and almost no


Abstract Background Many diabetic dogs and cats require small doses of insulin that must be administered accurately. Objectives To compare the accuracy and precision of insulin syringes and pen‐injectors. Animals None. Methods To determine how accurately and precisely insulin doses are delivered, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 U doses were dispensed 25 times from 5 SoloSTARs, 5 FlexPens, 5 KwikPens, 5 JuniorSTARs, 5 VetPens 0.5‐8 U, 5 VetPens 1‐16 U, and by 5 veterinarians using 30 U/0.3 mL and 40 U/mL insulin syringes. Each dose was weighed, using a precision balance, and the intended and delivered doses were compared. Results All pen‐injectors delivered less insulin than the intended dose, underdosage being inversely proportional to insulin dose. The differences between the intended and the delivered dose were not significant using JuniorSTAR and VetPen 0.5‐8 U at insulin doses of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 U, using the 30 U/0.3 mL insulin syringe at the 4 U dose and using the 40 U/mL insulin syringe at the 4, 8, and 16 U doses. With all the devices, precision increased with increasing doses of insulin. The coefficient of variation was <8% for all 6 pen‐injectors. Conversely, using 30 U/0.3 mL and 40 U/mL syringes at an insulin dosage of 0.5 U the coefficients of variation were 12.08% and 9.39%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance JuniorSTAR and VetPen 0.5‐8 U were more accurate than the other devices when delivering ≤2 U doses, while the delivery of 8 and 16 U doses was more accurate using 40 U/mL syringes.


The current paper reports the findings of a study that sought to identify Israeli prospective teachers' perspectives about educational leadership in relation to "masculine" and "feminine" leadership orientations. The first purpose of the study was to expose prospective elementary teachers' conceptions about the "ideal" principal. The second was to examine their constructions on the desired relationships between them and their school principal. Based on qualitative investigation, the study indicates that prospective teachers hold conceptualizations of educational leadership and a range of ideas and beliefs about the ways that the principal should behave during their induction stage which are consistent with "androgynous" leadership style. Thus, congruent with a "feminine" leadership orientation, the principal is ideally constructed as open-minded, attentive, responsive, trustworthy, emotional and supportive person. In terms of a "masculine" orientation the principals is perceived as a strong person who maintains discipline in school. The practical implications of the study are discussed.


After 1945, one group stood alone in the international film and cinema mediation process: the Federation internationale des associations de producteurs de cinema (International Federation of Film Producers


Atmospheric concentrations of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are projected to increase considerably in the coming decades. Chemistry climate model simulations forced by current projections show that HFCs will impact the global atmosphere increasingly through 2050. As strong radiative forcers, HFCs increase tropospheric and stratospheric temperatures, thereby enhancing ozone‐destroying catalytic cycles and modifying the atmospheric circulation. These changes lead to a weak depletion of stratospheric ozone. Simulations with the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 2‐D model show that HFC‐125 is the most important contributor to HFC‐related atmospheric change in 2050; its effects are comparable to the combined impacts of HFC‐23, HFC‐32, HFC‐134a, and HFC‐143a. Incorporating the interactions between chemistry, radiation, and dynamics, ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) for HFCs range from 0.39 × 10−3 to 30.0 × 10−3, approximately 100 times larger than previous ODP estimates which were based solely on chemical effects.


Introduction: Positive health promotion is a public health issue that must be considered through an early transdisciplinary approach. Integrated in a largest project about educational healthy lifestyles among school-aged children, this study aims to analyse the correlation of hours of sleep with food consumption, some physical condition parameters, such as body mass index (BMI), sedentary behaviour, and school performance. Materials and methods: Third and fourth grade students from several Portuguese primary schools were included. Data were collected during a class through a form focusing on socio-demographic and anthropometric variables, hours of sleep, sedentary behaviour (self-filled by the student); and school performance (assessed by the teacher). Child's food consumption was registered through a one-day questionnaire and by the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). The project was approved by an Ethics Committee. An informed consent was signed by the child's legal representative. Data were analysed using the SPSS®-version 24.0. Results: Participants included 480 children (48.5% females and 51.5% males), with a mean age of 9.1 ± 0.37 years old. A preliminary analysis highlighted that hours of sleep (number of hours slept during the night prior to the assessment) appear not no correlate with the total score of KIDMED, as well as with the abdominal perimeter, percentage of fat mass, BMI, and Z-score (p > 0.05). Similarly, results showed no correlation between sleep and school performance. Interestingly, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.01) but low anti-correlation (R=−0.17) between hours of sleep and the sedentary behaviour (number of hours sitting during hobbies, per day). Discussion and conclusions: The hours of sleep may be affected by daily sedentary time and sedentary behaviours, a finding that deserves further analysis. Conversely to what expected, it seems there is not a statistical correlation between hours of sleep and food consumption, as well as with physical condition parameters and school performance. However, more than the number of hours slept, further studies should focus on the quality of those hours, since sleep quality as well sleep disturbances can increase the levels of tiredness and, consequently, can lead to more sedentary lifestyles.


Abstract The present article deals with constraints on transcategorial processes such as nominalization. In particular, it addresses the issue whether one can predict the order in which verbal categories are lost and nominal categories are acquired in nominalization. It is argued that the disruption/acquisition of categories in transcategorial processes is determined by functionally based hierarchies of nominal and verbal categories, as suggested in the functional-typological literature. The hierarchy constraints in turn are shown to arise from the interaction of FuncFaith constraints forcing decategorization/recategorization and LexFaith hedging these processes. Structural factors such as morpheme order and category cumulation can also interfere with the hierarchy constraints. These structural factors can be derived from conditions on output-output correspondences (OOCs) between the morphological structure of nominalizations with that of finite verbs, on the one hand, and nonderived nouns, on the other. Thus the outcome of nominalization processes is determined by an interaction of the function-based hierarchy constraints and OOC-related structural constraints.


Our long-term objective is to produce an experiment based methodology for comparing visualisations in challenging settings. We investigated observers' eye gaze fixations and saccades during their search for answers from two graph visualisations (radial and hierarchical) of public data. The data is a snapshot of the kinds of data used in compliance checking of the degree of compliance with corporate governance best practice. We asked six questions from 24 observers for each visualisation and found that observers were 80.6% and 81.3% correct for the radial and hierarchical visualisations respectively. This is the kind of challenging setting we aim to work in, where we expect no significant difference between the visualisations in the observers' correct response rates. The results show that the number of fixations can highly significantly differentiate between radial and hierarchical visualisations where observers' correct response rates cannot.


BISMARCK-NASR, EM. EXCESSIVE BODY WEIGHT DURING ADOLESCENCE ACCORDING TO CRITICAL PERIODS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY IN INFANCY. [Thesis]. São Paulo (BR): Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo; 2012. Introduction: Considering that obesity is a major risk for many diseases as well as the difficulties and elevated costs for its treatment, its prevention and the identification of early avoidable health risks, such as nutritional status in critical periods of life, represent important aspects for scientific investigation. Objective: Verify the relationship between excessive body weight during adolescence according to birth nutrition status and excessive body weight during the first year of life and at the period of adiposity rebound. Method: This study was conducted with schoolchildren of both sexes, enrolled in Public Schools in São José dos Campos SP (SJC-SP). The data was collected in 3 phases, the first consisted of collecting anthropometric information during adolescence, considering body mass index (BMI), arm and abdominal circumferences and the sum of skin fold thickness (triceps and sub scapular). Information about mother ́s education, breastfeeding and birth nutritional status was collected in the second phase through a survey which the parents answered. The children were classified according to birth weight for gestational age, ponderal index and birth weight. In the last phase, information about nutritional status during infancy was obtained from medical registers of primary health units in the city. Logistical regression analyses were made to investigate the association between excessive body weight at 10 years of age, considered as dependent variable and, as independent variables, the nutritional status at time of birth, the first year of age and during the period of adiposity rebound (between 5 and 7 years of age). The analyses were adjusted by other variables. Results: The students presented a mean of 131.3 months of age (10.99). An elevated correlation was observed between parents' information about birth weight and length and the information registered at the medical documents of primary health units in the city (Correlation coefficient: 0.95 and 0.98, for weight and for length, respectively). An association between elevated birth weight and birth weight small for gestational age and excessive body weight during adolescence was observed. A weak association between excessive body weight during the first year of life and at 10 years of age was identified. It was also verified association in relation to adiposity during the period of adiposity rebound and excessive weight at 10 years of age. Conclusion: These results show consistency in the hypothesis that the critical period for growth development could predispose to future obesity, identified in the present study during early adolescence.


S U M M A R Y Background and Aims: Thickening of basement membrane in capillaries and small vessels is a well-known finding and important in the progression of diabetic microangiopathy. Patients with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are at higher risk of vascular disease. Material and methods: To monitor the metabolism of the basement membrane protein collagen type IV (CIV) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), serum levels of antibodies to CIV (ACIV) IgG, IgM and IgA were measured using an ELISA method in 93 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension (AH) (mean age 61,4±11,3 years, diabetes duration 9,88±3,12 years; hypertension duration 9,28±4,98). These values were compared to serum antibodies to CIV in 42 age and sex matched controls. Diabetics were divided in two groups according to presenceGroup 1 (n=67) or absenceGroup 2 (n=26) of microangiopathy. Results: Patients with T2DM and AH showed statistically significant higher levels of ACIV IgG in comparison to healthy controls (0.30±0.12 vs. 0.21±0.08) (p=0.0001). Group 1 showed significantly hihger levels of ACIV IgG than Group 2 (0.32±0.13vs. 0.24±0.08) (p=0.009) and healthy controls (0.32±0.13vs. 0.21±0.08) (p=0.0001). ACIV IgG are statistically significant higher in diabetics with retinopathy than this without (0.33±0.10 vs. 0.26±0.13) (ð=0.04). ACIV IgG correlates with diabetes duration (r=0.49); (p=0.0004), retinopathy (r=0.20); (p=0.05) and BMI (r=-0.24); (p=0.05). Serum ACIV IgM and IgA levels in patients with T2DM and AH were lower than these in controls, but the differences are not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study showed a relationship between elevation of serum levels of ACIV IgG in diabetics and development of microangiopathy.


Calotropis gigantea is a common wasteland weed and known for various medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to screen leaves of Calotropis gigantea for the antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of bacteria. The aqueous extract of the C. gigantea was studied for its antagonistic activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus luteus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by well diffusion method in MH agar. The extract showed significant effect on the tested organisms. The extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against E. coli (17.6±1.15), whereas, lowest against K. pneumoniae (12.6±1.52). Crude extract showed maximum relative percentage inhibition against B. cereus (188.52 %) and lowest relative percentage inhibition against M. luteus (24.92 %). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was measured by modified agar well diffusion method. Extract showed 50, 25, 6.25, 3.1, 1.5 and 12.5 mg/ml MIC values for S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, M. luteus and E. coli, respectively.


Objective: Personal hygiene plays an important role in the control of the many infection diseases. The aim of the this study was to investigate hygiene attitudes of students who have had education at 5th and 8th classes in two different primary schools in the rural and urban areas.
Method: The study was performed between October 15 and November 10 in 2001. Students were given questionnaire form including questions about hand-washing, tooth-brushing, foot-cleaning and whole body hygiene attitudes. To determine the personal hygiene status of the students, hygiene score was created.
Results: Totally 156 students from two schools were surveyed. The frequency of the students living in rural area who have hand-washing habit after getting up and before using toilet was more than the students living in urban area (p=0.026, p=0.000). The frequency of the students living in urban area, cutting fingernail weekly, using toilet paper, and changing underclothes, was more than students in rural area (p=0.001, p=0.002, p=0.019, p=0.006, p=0.002). The factors effecting personal hygiene were examined by stepwise regression analyses. The education level of the mother, structure of the family and toilet in home were found significantly effective on personal hygiene.
Conclusion: The results of show that the education of the mother should be considered to promote the personal hygiene habits.


Porous biocompatible structures suitable for use as a medical implant and a method for fabricating such a structure is disclosed. Structure disclosed may be fabricated using a rapid manufacturing technique. The porous structure disclosed has a plurality of struts and nodes, wherein two or less struts intersect each other to form a single node. Further, node, linear, it can be a curved, curved and / or linear and is part. Struts and nodes can form a cell, this cell, by being fused or sintered to at least one other cell, while improving the strength by forming a continuous network structure, it is possible to provide a porosity necessary for tissue and cell ingrowth.


Title: Influence of mental disorders and personality problems processes in the abandonment of homeless people. Abstract: Homeless people have a high rate of dropouts in establishing therapeutic processes. The reason for abandonment is not always known, this research addresses whether is mediated by mental disorders or person- ality disorders are those that carry more weight. The results show homeless people with mild cognitive impairment and personality disorders group in- terpersonal problems and ambivalent as the leading candidates to abandon psychosocial cutting processes. This implies the need to take into account in treating these disorders and development of specific programs of inter- vention.


For a class of two order systems with single input and non-minimum phase, this paper uses backstepping design method to design the controller and studies the Euler programming problem. But unlike the traditional backstepping design, this paper did not use the method of hinge compensation, but there is an inversion of the differential calculation and the use of computer program approximate calculation method. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed method is effective. Introduction Backstepping control method is also called inverse method and reverse recursion method. The main idea is to decompose the high dimensional nonlinear system into several subsystems. Each subsystem is designed to select a hypothetical control to achieve local control objectives. It is starting from the system furthest and introduces the reverse control input until the launch of the whole system, so as to design a real controller. The design advantages of the system can be structured and systematic to solve the problem, which is convenient to deal with the uncertainty and unknown parameters of the system. What's more, it is also a kind of recursive design method of nonlinear system. The design method of backstepping control, due to its unique structural design process and the ability to deal with the non-matching uncertainties, can be well used in the control system design of the missile, the high speed aircraft and so on. Model Description In the condition of unknown input, the backstepping control method reverses derivation step by step forward from the final result through the expected control results. Finally, the control variables are derived to make the system gradually stable until the method of complete control system design is completed. This section is mainly about the derivation of the formula of the inversion method and the modification of the program. Two order inversion control model is as follows: 1 1 2 5 x x x = +  (1) 2 1 2 7 8 x x x u = + +  (2) Through the design of u to achieve the purpose of changing the control law. Inversion of control law: ( ) 2 1 2 2 10 7 8 d u e x x x = − − + −  (3) According to the control principle and the assumption of a two order control model, this section designs the angle of attack tracking inversion controller. 1 1 2 5 x x x = +  (4) 2 1 2 7 8 x x x u = + +  (5) Through the design of u, make 1 1 d x x → . Deduced: 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Network and Computer Engineering (ICENCE 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 495 1 1 1 d e x x = − (6) So 1 1 1 1 2 5 d e x x x x = − = +    (7) Finally deduced: 1 1 2 5 e x x = +  (8) Assuming 1 1 10 e e = −  , get 2 1 1 1 10 0 e e e = − ≤  , then there is 1 0 e → make 2 2 d x x → ,introduce 2 2 2 d e x x = − , 2 1 1 5 10 d x x e = − − ,so 2 2 2 1 2 2 7 8 d d e x x x x u x = − = + + −     (9) Deduced: 2 2 2 1 2 2 7 8 d d e x x x x u x = − = + + −     (10) Because 2 2 10 e e = − 


In recent years, collaborative learning in university courses has been emphasized in order to improve collective intelligence. Based on literature reviews, individual creativity was used as a variable of personal characteristic, team trust and collective efficacy were used as variables of teams to see the relationship with collective intelligence as a variable of learning outcome. Data were collected from 770 students from A University in Gyeonggi-do, H University in the Daejeon, and K University in Chungcheong-do, and analyzed by using structural equations modeling. As results, individual creativity had significant influence on collective efficacy and collective intelligence. Team trust also had significant influence on collective efficacy and collective intelligence. In addition, collective efficacy had a positive effect on collective intelligence. This study will be able to utilize basic data for establishing instructional design and strategies of collaborative learning in the universities.


In this article, adaptive control is investigated for a class of discrete-time multi-input-multi-output nonlinear systems in block-triangular form with uncertain couplings of delayed states among subsystems. Future states prediction is carried out to facilitate adaptive control design and auxiliary outputs are introduced to develop a novel compensation mechanism for the uncertain nonlinear couplings. By using Lyapunov method and ordering signals growth rate, it is rigorously proved that all the signals in the whole closed-loop systems are globally bounded and the output tracking errors asymptotically converge to zeros. The effectiveness of the proposed control is demonstrated in the simulation study.


Remotely operated underwater vehicles are used for
different tasks (survey, exploration, salvage etc.).
However, these vehicles are liable to faults or
failures during missions. Thrusters are one of the
most common and most important sources of faults. In
all but the most trivial cases the existence of a
fault may lead to cancelling the mission. The
implication of small faults can be very expensive
(ship time is very costly) and time consuming. A
large number of underwater vehicles represent
overactuated control systems, i.e. they have four or
more horizontal thrusters for the motion in the
horizontal plane in three DOF (surge, sway and yaw).
For this class of vehicle this book introduces a
novel thruster Fault Diagnosis and Accommodation
System (FDAS), with the ability of automatic thruster
fault detection and accommodation. It shows you how,
in the case of a partial or total fault in a
thruster, to reconfigure the control system in an
optimal manner, in order to maintain a high level of
manoeuvrability of the faulty vehicle and complete
the mission. With this book you get all you need to
enhance your existing ROV control system with
thruster fault-tolerant capabilities.


The objective of this work has been to study offshore natural gas liquefaction processes with emphasis on utilization of the high reservoir pressure. A natural gas liquefaction process specially de ...


In this paper, a fast time-delay (FTD) algorithm is proposed in Through Wall Radar (TWR) penetrating scenario with any N layers medium. A 4-variable quartic equations relating to lateral distances in N layers based on electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation characteristic through the medium is constructed to improve the solving speed. Then the overall distance of EM wave propagation and time-delay can be obtained easily. The effectiveness of proposed scheme with respect to traditional method is verified by a 4 layers medium (N=4) physical model of EM wave propagation in TWR application. The results of simulation experiments indicate that proposed algorithm can not only accelerate the calculation speed of time-delay but also guarantee the relative error within 10-3. Besides, the superiority of proposed algorithm will be deeply exhibited with the increase of the number of layers.


ABSTRACT Public Information Openness is one of the commitments of bureaucratic reform, which is one of the point is to change the paradigm of bureaucratic closed toward open, and gave the waiter to the wider community. Public information openness is also a form of bureaucratic accountability to the program, achievements and performance targets to stakeholders, and obligations as a public institution. While the information is a service of rights owned by the community. There is a change in the pattern, both in terms of the applicant's information and public institutions as ruler of information, namely the use of information technology so that information requests can be served without limited space and time. Keywords: Public Information Openness and Bureaucratic Reform Commitment


For more than four decades, parenteral nutrition has provided life-sustaining macronutrient and micronutrient nutritional therapy for patients unable to tolerate enteral nutrition. Despite its critical importance and widespread use, the optimal dosing of various parenteral nutrition additives is unknown, posing a threat to human health. This knowledge gap is particularly acute for the trace element manganese (Mn), which is routinely added to parenteral nutrition solutions used for children and adults. Mn is an essential metal required for normal growth and development. However, excessive parenteral dietary Mn can be neurotoxic, causing a constellation of psychological and neurological symptoms known as manganism. Mn neurotoxicity is a well-described entity in adults receiving prolonged parenteral nutrition. Infants and children requiring parenteral nutrition represent an understudied and particularly vulnerable population whose susceptibility to the toxic effects of excess Mn is complicated by their developmental stage. This chapter will review the risk factors for the potential adverse effects of parenteral Mn when provided in excessive amounts, or when normal metabolism or excretion is altered by an underlying medical condition or by developmental immaturity. The need for the establishment of safe guidelines is emphasized and areas for potential research are highlighted.


This experimental study investigates the differential effects of three conditions (nonnegotiated premodified input, negotiation without "pushed output" [Swain, 1985], and negotiation plus pushed output) on L2 learners' vocabulary comprehension and acquisition (receptive and productive). Analyses of variance performed on the data indicated that: (a) negotiated interaction had a positive effect on the comprehension of L2 words; (b) only negotiated interaction that incorporated pushed output appeared to have promoted both receptive and productive acquisition of words as well as an increase in productive word retention; and (c) negotiated interaction plus output did not promote receptive acquisition more than negotiation without output, but it was more effective in promoting productive acquisition. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence for the important role of negotiation in facilitating the comprehension and acquisition of L2 vocabulary, which suggests that output plays a key role within the negotiation process for productive lexical acquisition.


In Prorhinotermes simplex, tergal glands are present on the last three tergites (from the 8th to the 10th) in imagoes of both sexes. In addition, males possess posterior sternal glands of the same structure on sternites 8 and 9. The tergal and the posterior sternal glands consist of four cell types: class 1 and class 2 secretory cells, and class 3 cells with corresponding canal cells. The cyto- plasm of class 1 cells contains smooth endoplasmic reticulum, elongated mitochondria and numerous microtubules. Apical parts of these cells are formed by dense and long microvilli with a central ductule. Class 2 cells contain predominantly lucent vacuoles (in females) or lipid droplets (in males). The structure of class 3 cells does not differ from class 3 cells found in other body par ts.


Geometric properties of the quasi-hyperbolic Szekeres models are discussed and related to the quasi-spherical Szekeres models. Typical examples of shapes of various classes of 2-dimensional coordinate surfaces are shown in graphs; for the hyperbolically symmetric subcase and for the general quasi-hyperbolic case. An analysis of the mass function $M(z)$ is carried out in parallel to an analogous analysis for the quasi-spherical models. This leads to the conclusion that $M(z)$ determines the density of rest mass averaged over the whole space of constant time.


(54) SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR SPEECH 5,745,873 A * 4/1998 Braida et al. ................ TO4/222 RECOGNITION USING FREQUENCY 5,774.559 A * 6/1998 Feng ........................... 381.56 DOMAN LINEAR PREDICTION 5,787,387 A 7/1998 Aguilar POLYNOMALS TO FORMITEMPORAL AND 5,848,384 A * 12/1998 Hollier et al. ............... TO4,231 SPECTRAL ENVELOPES FROM 6,073,093 A 6/2000 Zinser, Jr. FREQUENCY DOMAIN REPRESENTATIONS 6,091,773 A * 7/2000 Sydorenko ............. 375,240.03 OF SIGNALS 6,115,684. A 9/2000 Kawahara et al. 6,183,030 B1 2/2001 Stender et al. (75) Inventors: Marios Athineos, New York, NY (US); 6,311,153 B1 10/2001 Nakatoh et al. Hynek Hermansky, Martigny (CH): 6.424,939 B1 7/2002 Herre et al. Daniel P. W. Ellis, New York, NY (US) 6,502,069 B1* 12/2002 Grill et al. .................. TO4,219


In response to the rapidly growing demand for information about longleaf pine ecosystems, the U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station, has established a new research work unit, Restoring and Managing Longleaf Pine Ecosystems (SRS-4158). The unit has seven scientists with expertise in plant physiology, ecology, silviculture, and biometrics. Two experimental forests, the Palustris and the Escambia, provide a land base for practical experiments in and demonstrations of longleaf pine establishment, development, and management. Headquartered in Auburn, AL, scientists in the unit are also stationed at Clemson, SC and Pineville, LA, providing broader customer access and research opportunities in a variety of longleaf pine ecosystems.


Conventional thought once held that horizontal piping systems were not effective in landfill gas collection. Experience at a major landfill near Seattle indicates otherwise. Seven years of experience collecting gas at a major landfill in the Pacific Northwest shows that moisture has not caused blockages in the system and than an alternative to the conventional drilling of vertical wells is worth exploring with unusual or atypical landfill configurations. The use of horizontal collectors is site and condition-specific, requiring a knowledgeable professional engineer. This article summarizes a case history in the Northwest.


On 14 July 2015, the National Assembly of Lao People's Democratic Republic ("Laos") passed the Law on Business Competition (No. 60/NA) ("Competition Law"), which states that it will come into force on…


Plantago major L. is a popular medicinal herb, which has been being used for treatment of various diseases in traditional health systems. The aim of present study was to examine the antibacterial and anti-phage activity of P. major ethanol extract. P. major fresh raw material extract was possessed of moderate antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli VKPM-M17, Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and Staphilococcus aureus MDC 5233 bacterial strains. Anti-phage activity was evaluated by double overlay plaque assay against T4 phage of E. coli C-T4. Fresh, dried and frozen raw materials showed moderate antiviral activity: 1 mg/mL concentration of fresh row material ethanol extract caused 0.927Log10 reduction of phage units, while the frozen and dried plant ethanol extracts caused 0.875 Log10 and 0.821 Log10 reductions, respectively. Fresh raw material contains the highest concentration of vitamin C.


The most common IMS experienced by adolescent girls is chlamydia, with 3,306.8 cases per 100,000 women. The disease can arise due to poor genital hygiene. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge and actions of external genitalia hygiene in early adolescents in the working area of UPTD Puskesmas Kuningan, Kuningan Regency. This type of research uses descriptive. The population in this study were all early adolescents aged 10-14 years as many as 1,730 respondents and the sampling technique using simple random sampling obtained 325 respondents. The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire sheet and data analysis using univariate analysis. The results of this study showed that the characteristics of respondents showed that 37.5% of respondents were 13 years old, 53.8% of respondents were junior high school education level, and 37.5% of respondents were at the age of menarche at the age of 12 years. Knowledge of early adolescents as much as 10.2% have less knowledge about external genitalia hygiene, as well as with external genital hygiene measures there are 10.2% of respondents who have less action. The results of this study are for midwives to carry out more integrated education and develop health promotion.


Subsequent chapters are entitled 'Providing the necessities of life', 'Fuel and power for industry', 'Metals in the service of man', 'Clothing the people', 'Building and servicing the community', 'Moving around', and 'The industrial landscape: past, present and future'. Each is a broad verbal description of a series of themes. For instance, 'Building and servicing the community' begins by stating that 'more land than ever before vanished beneath a blanket of building', which is attributed to 'the unprecedented growth of population; and 'its redistribution to meet the needs of industry' (p. 119). Both processes are taken for granted and a series of headings follow: 'Stone and the slate' (the slate?); 'Limestone and lime-burning'; 'Bricks and tiles'; 'Pottery and glass', etc. There


I have already reported in this Review the position of the central and median points of population of Kagawa Prefecture. In this paper, I discussed the rate of population increase of 174 villages and cities in the same area, between 1919 and 1931, dividing these three years into the three periods, 1919-1923, 1923-1927, 1927-1931. The increase in rates were computed using Fehre's equation, that is p=_??_ where p: rates of an increase of population in each period. e1: population at the beginning of each period. e2: population at the end of each period. m: years in each period. As the result I found certain characteristics in the changes in rates in these three periods, and certain topographical and geographical relations with them. There is moreover a pronounced tendency for villages and cities having increasing population rates of similar signs and numbers to get to lie nearer one another.


Optimum growth and development in a child is directly with a child's health and nutrition. Therefore, in pediatric care, growth assessment is of utmost importance. Adequate growth suggests good health and nutrition. In contrast, short stature can indicate some underlying issues or pathology related to the child's physiological functions and genetics or nutritional status. A number of factors can be traced for short stature, namely, prenatal and postnatal conditions, genetics, endocrine disorders, extrinsic factors like environment, etc. The etiology can be relatively significant in different populations. The diagnosis of short stature requires biochemical and radiological investigations, including nutritional and hormonal assessment and estimation of bone age.