As analyzed the estimated values of the daily delivery loads from thirteen major side streams such as Naesung-river, Keumho-river, Hwang-river, Nam-river during five years (from 1999 to 2003), the daily BOD inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 31.1 ton and the daily BOD inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 26.7 ton, 22.5 ton, 21.0 ton, 25.8 ton, respectively. The daily TN in-flow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows also the highest quantity as 64.9 ton and the daily TN inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 55.19 ton, 46.27 ton, 39.5 ton, 53.38 ton, respectively. The daily TP inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 2.70 ton likewise and the daily TP inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 2.17 ton, 1.87 ton, 1.60 ton, 2.10 ton, respectively The rate of BOD loads from each side main stream into the main stream of Nakdong river shows that the BOD loads of Keumho-river are the highest as the values range from 32.8 % (2002) 35.1 % (2003) and the BOD loads of Nam-river, Naesung-river, Hwang-river are high in the order named. The rate of TN loads to the main stream is also similar to the trend of BOD loads. The contribution of the TN loads of Geumho-river to the contamination of the main stream is also the highest having a range from 27.0 % (2002) to 28.8 % (1999) among the main side streams and the TN loads of Naesung-river, Nam-river, and Heachun-river are high in the order named. The rate of TP loads is quite different from the trend of BOD and TN loads. The TP rate of Keumho-river, however, is still the highest as ranging 58.6 % (2002) to 61.7 % (2003) and the river has the biggest portion (over 50%) of the entire pollution to the main stream of Nakdong river.


In this work the Kalman filter and the Particle filter are described and their performance in the Simaltaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) problem in static environments is discussed. Furthermore, this paper presents how derivatives of these filters are applied in order to solve the SLAM problem in dynamic environments. The Particle filter makes less assumptions about the probability distribution than the Kalman filter, and in that sense it is more general. However, the Kalman filter is optimal for linear Gaussian systems and has a smaller computational complexity if the number of states is high. Recent paper which offer a solution for the SLAM problem in the dynamic case often combine multiple methods which individually did not fully solve it. It is possible that in the near future the SLAM problem can fully be solved by integrating a Dynamic Vision Sensor into an existing SLAM algorithm.


Experimental results are presented on the first W-band gyrotron Traveling-Wave Tube (gyro-TWT) developed to exploit the 94 GHz atmospheric window for long-range, high-resolution radar applications. The gyro-TWT is designed to operate in the higher order TE01 mode and is driven by a 100 kV, 5 A electron beam with a pitch angle of v⊥/vz=1 and velocity spread of Δvz/vz=5%. Large-signal simulations predict 140 kW output power at 92 GHz with 28% efficiency, 50 dB saturated gain, and 5% bandwidth. The stability of the amplifier against spurious oscillations has been checked with linear codes. To suppress the potential gyro-BWO interactions involving the TE02, TE11, and TE21 modes, the interaction circuit with a cutoff frequency of 91 GHz has been loaded with loss so that the single-path, cold-circuit attenuation is 90 dB at 93 GHz. A coaxial input coupler with 3% bandwidth is employed with a predicted and measured coupling of 1 dB and 2 dB, respectively. The operating voltage is limited to below 75 kV because o...


The use of machine learning components has posed significant challenges for the verification of cyber-physical systems due to its complexity, nonlinearity, and large space of parameters. In this work, we propose a novel probabilistic verification framework for learning-enabled CPS which can search over the entire (infinite) space of parameters, to figure out the ones that lead to satisfaction or violation of specification that are captured by Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulas. Our technique is based on conformal regression, a technique for constructing prediction intervals with marginal coverage guarantees using finite samples, without making assumptions on the distribution and regression model. Our verification framework, using conformal regression, can predict the quantitative satisfaction values of the system's trajectories over different sets of the parameters and use those values to quantify how well/bad the system with the parameters can satisfy/violate the given STL property. We use three case studies of learning-enabled CPS applications to demonstrate that our technique can be successfully applied to partition the parameter space and provide the needed level of assurance.


The general method of experimental modeling of Cherenkov and diffraction radiations on the periodic structures is presented. The scheme of an experimental setting for millimeter range is realized and results of test measurements are obtained.


Contents: Foreword, George Huxley Introduction History and Antecedents: The Christian and Antique Background: The Old Testament The New Testament Pagan antiquity The early Patristic period The contribution of popular piety to the conception of the warrior saint The Byzantine Warrior Saints: The Major Warrior Saints: The Etat Major: St Theodore Tiron and St Theodore Stratelates St Demetrius St Procopius St Mercurius St George Other Major Warrior Saints: Sts Sergius and Bacchus St Eustathius St Kyrion and the XL Martyr of Sebasteia St Hieron and the Martyrs of Melitene St Menas of Egypt St Artemius St Arethas St Martin of Tours St Phanourios The Minor Warrior Saints: St Christopher St Cornelius the Centurion The Holy Five of Sebasteia with Saints Orestes and Eustratius Saint Joannicius Saints Juventinus and Maximinus Saint Longinus Saints Nestor and Lupus Saint Nicetas (Nikita) Saint Philotheus of Antioch Saint Phoibammon Saints Polyeuctus and Nearchus Saint Sabbas Stratelates Saint Sissinius of Antioch Saint Speusippus and companions Saint Zosimus Appendix Towards a Characterisation of the Warrior Saint: The terrestrial career of Warrior Saints The beginnings of the cult of Warrior Saints The early iconography of Warrior Saints The emergence of an echelon of Warrior Saints The function of Warrior Saints in the lives of terrestrial men The aesthetics of Warrior Saints Epilogue Bibliography Index.


This dissertation discusses settlements from the end of the Late Bronze Age to the Early Middle Ages in eastern Middle Sweden, especially the Malar valley area, with a focus on Uppland. Chronologic ...


The latest development of the pressure leaching technology for low-grade molybdenum ores and molybdenum secondary resources is reviewed.The chemical principles and process features are highlighted of the Ni-Mo ore treatment methods of oxidation water leaching with pressure,oxidation acid leaching with pressure and oxidation alkaline leaching with pressure.Besides,the future research orientation is proposed.


Cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts (Fe–Mn crusts), potential economic resources for cobalt, nickel, platinum, and other rare metals, are distributed on the surface of seamounts, ridges, and plateaus. Distribution of Fe–Mn crust deposits and their geomorphological characteristics are prerequisites to selecting possible mining sites and to predicting the environmental impact of deep-sea mining activity. Here, we map the spatial distribution of Fe–Mn crust deposits on seamount summits and flanks in the Western Pacific using shipboard multibeam echo sounder (MBES) data and seafloor images from a deep-towed camera system (DCS) and evaluate the relationship between acoustic backscatter variations and the occurrence of Fe–Mn crusts. We find a positive correlation between high backscatter intensity, steep seabed slope gradients, and the occurrence of Fe–Mn crusts. However, our analysis was not effective to distinguish the spatial boundary between several seabed types that occur over small areas in mixed seabed zones, particularly where transition zones and discontinuous seabed types are present. Thus, we conclude that MBES data can be a valuable tool for constraining spatial distribution of Fe–Mn crust deposits over a large exploration area.


Nowadays, most of the researchers are of the view that if they easily get the answers to their questions in the questionnaire or if the questions used in their research are taken from some other research, there is little need to pre-test them. However, there are numerous problems in questions, which can be identifi ed only by pretesting the questions. Questionnaire testing is an iterative process, which requires the application of different subsets of testing methods. Only with the choice of different testing methods, it is possible to detect different kinds of problems. An adequate questionnaire evolution process, therefore, usually requires a well-balanced mix of various methods, which have to be applied at different stages of the development process. The result of each method improves specifi c aspects of the questionnaire. The aim of the recommendations presented in this paper is to give an introduction to widely accepted methods, to explain their objectives and specifi c qualities, to discuss their a...


Inverse Optimal Control Model of Driving Behavior in Depressed Individuals He Crane Huang (email@example.com) Department of Cognitive Science, UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Katia M. Harl´e (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Martin Paulus (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Javier Movellan (firstname.lastname@example.com) Machine Perception Lab, UC San Diego, Emotient La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Abstract Poor performance in goal-oriented sensory motor tasks is a common symptom among depressed individuals. However, it is unclear what the underlying causes of these deficits are. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms is an important first step to develop more targeted behavioral interventions. Here, using simple motor-control tasks, we propose an inverse op- timal control approach to analyze and factorize performance deficits into two components of subjects' behaviors: 1) sen- sory motor speed, 2) reward-processing. In Task 1, subjects with Beck Depression Inventory score ranging from 0 to 36 were instructed to push a joystick as quickly as possible once they observe motion onset of a virtual car. In Task 2, they were instructed to drive a virtual car as quickly as possible and stop it as close as possible to a stop sign. Based on the continuous joystick actions for each individual subject, we estimated per- ceptual motor efficiency parameters and recovered the under- lying reward function that best explained the subject's behav- ior. Initial results suggest, that relative to healthy controls, de- pressed individuals: 1) have deficits in sensory-motor process- ing speed, 2) have different goals but not significantly different accuracy/effort ratio. The results suggest that inverse optimal control may be a viable computational approach to quantify and factorize the underlying causes of sensory motor deficits in individuals with depression. Keywords: depression; motor-control; computational model; inverse optimal control; inverse reinforcement learning; reward-processing. Introduction Depression can affect many facets of daily life. It accounts for 8.2% of global years lived with a disability (YLDs) in 2010, and has became a worldwide health priority (World Healthy Organization, 2012). In particular, growing evi- dences show depression increases the odds ratio for a car ac- cident (Chapman & Perry, 2008), and reduces driving per- formance in a driving simulator (Wingen et al. 2006). For instance, Selzer etl al. (1968) reported for fatal driving ac- cidents, 21% of drivers were clinically depressed, compared with 7% in healthy controls. Hilton et al. (2009) reported severe and very severe depression was associated with an in- creased odds ratio for being involved in an accident or near miss in the past 28 days. In a driving simulator, Bulmash et al. (2006) found depressed individuals exhibited slower reac- tion times and increased number of crashes when compared to controls. Despite compelling evidence of the severe con- sequences from poor motor-control in depressed individuals, the influence of depressive mood on driving actions remains largely unknown. However, so far, there are few studies (clin- ical or basic) have emphasized this issue. Driving task is a closed-loop feedback control process (Lenard Evans, 2004). Drivers assess current driving environment from sensory feedback, and make control commands based on the goal. The decisions a driver makes given a task are in a hierarchical system (Janssen 1979) that comprises 1) a strategic level that is associated with one's goal in driving (motivation) and 2) a control level that is associated with one's sensorimotor skills (perceiving sensory feedback and executing motor commands). Thus depressive symptoms that influence those two levels can lead to different driving behavior. Motivation deficits in depression It has been shown that depressed individuals have greater sensitivity to risk and pun- ishment (Trew 2011), while risk is the most common of all the motivations considered by driving researchers. Risk homeo- statis theory (Taylor, 1964) postulated that drivers adjust their speed in accordance with the perceived risk. However, risk perception differs greatly among individuals. It is affected not only by the objective danger in the situation (weather, road condition), but also by the driver's own assessment of his or her actions (e.g., driving faster than legal speed limit). Thus for a driving task that is considered almost as risk-less to an experienced F1 driver, it may be perceived as highly risky to depressed individuals. Recently, Wilde (2002) proposed that we drive not to min- imize risk (or maximize safety), but to reduce or increase it to a desired risk level with which we feel comfortable. The target level of risk varies among drivers. For young drivers


According to the present fix assets management in universities with multi-branch campus,the thesis indicates that the fix assets could be efficiently utilized only by means of strengthening its management,building a scientific and reasonable management mode,making the innovative management the main force,in which the innovation management should work as the main force,optimizing resource arrangement,alleviating the current disparities between resource allocation and resource utilization,making resource allocation more reasonable and keeping no way to fix assets losses.


In this paper, construction microwaves induced plasma jet(MIPJ) system. This system was used to produce a non-thermal plasma jet at atmospheric pressure, at standard frequency of 2.45 GHz and microwave power of 800 W. The working gas Argon (Ar) was supplied to flow through the torch with adjustable flow rate by using flow meter, to diagnose microwave plasma optical emission spectroscopy(OES) was used to measure the important plasma parameters such as electron temperature (Te), residence time (Rt), plasma frequency (?pe), collisional skin depth (?), plasma conductivity (?dc), Debye length(?D). Also, the density of the plasma electron is calculated with the use of Stark broadened profiles


The global university rankings can be seen as analogous to the Olympics. This article compares aspects of the Olympics to how global university rankings work, comparing medal counts to academic rankings.


We have developed core-shell-corona-type polymeric micelles that can integrate multiple functions in one system, including the capability of accommodating hydrophobic dyes into core and hydrophilic drug into the shell, as well as pH-triggered drug-release. The neutral and hydrophilic corona sterically stabilizes the multifunctional polymeric micelles in aqueous solution. The mineralization of calcium phosphate (CaP) on the PAA domain not only enhances the diagnostic efficacy of organic dyes, but also works as a diffusion barrier for the controlled release.


One of the recent increasing demands from wireless communications to IC designers is to design extremely flexible receivers that can support multiple standards. This paper addresses the design issues of front-end architectures for multi-standard wireless transceivers. It also presents two sampling front-ends known as direct subsampling and IF subsampling for multi-standard radios. These front-ends are well suited for software radios due to the limited dynamic range of ADC in today's technology. They differ from conventional types by providing low power and high integration, and eliminating some existing problems such as DC offset, DC voltage drifts, and 1/f noise.


Earlier mobile client cache invalidation-replacement policies used in the location-based information system are not appropriate if the path for the client movement is changing rapidly. Further, pre...


The basic principle of stress wave-based non-destructive inspection and the research progress in the use of this method for living standing tree quality are introduced and the trend of stress wave being used for living standing tree quality research is stated.


In the decade that Matilda McQuaid, Exhibitions Curator and Head of the Textiles Department at the Cooper-Hewitt, has been researching high performance textiles countless new innovations and products have been realized. This exhibition adopts, for the most part, a pragmatic approach to the field with the inclusion of remarkable textiles that are in use right now, rather than future possibilities. Divided into the industry categories used to assess high performance textiles (stronger, faster, lighter, safer and smarter) it quickly becomes apparent that flexibility and lightness are what make the textile desirable in so many diverse applications. McQuaid concludes that extreme textiles offer us "some of the most innovative and purest examples of design today." Ironically, many of these examples go unnoticed – not through our lack of perception – but because they are structures and materials embedded in our landscape, architecture, vehicles and even our own bodies.


A monetary policy reaction function was developed from a theoretical model of Federal Reserve policy adoption. This reaction function was then estimated as a linear probability model and as a probit probability model over various subperiods from February 1953 to May 1985. The objectives of monetary policy were specified as forecasts of growth in output, price stability, unemployment, and international balance. These forecasts were generated from a vector autoregression model;The data were divided into subperiods according to three schemes in order to test three hypotheses. First, the data were divided into subperiods corresponding to the chairmenships of the Board of Governors to test the hypothesis that the chairman of the Fed significantly influences the objectives and priorities of monetary policy. Second, the data were divided into two subperiods: the pre- and postelection biennia, to test the hypothesis that the Fed's preelection reaction function differs from its postelection reaction function. Finally, the data were divided into two subperiods: 1974(1)-1979(9) and 1979(10)-1984(5) to test the hypothesis that the objectives and priorities of monetary policy changed when the Fed announced its new operating procedures;The results suggest that the chairman of the Fed may significantly influence the objectives and priorities of monetary policy. Furthermore, the Fed's preelection reaction function differs from its postelection reaction function which suggests that the "political business cycle" may, in part, be created by monetary policy. Finally, the results suggest that the objectives and priorities of monetary policy changed after the Fed announced a change in operating procedures.


Abstract Tail autotomy serves as an aid to escape predators in many lizards, but potential costs include loss of fat stores, impaired locomotion, loss of social status, and reduced growth and reproductive output. Two potential costs of tail loss were examined in juvenile skinks, Eumeces fasciatus, through manipulation in a laboratory study. Changes in growth and sprint speed were compared among full autotomy, partial autotomy, and control groups of lizards after these treatments at three weeks of age and up to four weeks later. Full tail autotomy was associated with increased growth in mass during the two weeks posttreatment and increased growth of the tail between two and four weeks posttreatment. No other measures of growth were affected by partial or full tail loss. Immediately following treatments, fully autotomized lizards became significantly slower, with respect to maximum sprint speed, relative to both other groups. However, this effect was gone by four weeks after tail loss.


A novel broadband design of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed T-shape slot antenna is proposed and experimentally studied. The size of the proposed antenna is reduced by over 26% compared to the reported wide slot antenna. The obtained results show that the impedance bandwidth, determined by 10-dB return loss, of the proposed slot antenna can be as large as 5690 MHz or about 121% centered at about 4.695 GHz. The design considerations for achieving broadband operation of the proposed slot antenna are described, and experimental results are presented.


In the third world, (the case here is Nepal) where biomedical practice doesn't sufficiently meet the demand of people for health services, the next alternative for people is to consult the traditional healers. It is not known how many types of health problems are solved by these healers, however, it has been found that a significant number of people visit them when they have health problems. In an overview, visiting traditional healers is related to a power hierarchy of the society where religion is dominating.

Observing faith in these traditional healers and at the same time visiting biomedical institutions, Nepali society has a dialectic phenomenon in the health care system. The genuine fact the patients expressed is that they usually consult the traditional healers when biomedical practitioners fail to treat or are unable to diagnose the illness. In this dichotomy of dual practices, it is necessary to network between two different types of therapists. This study is a part of an ethnographic studies of traditional healers with an objective of more understanding of their world. The study was done in a particular suburban center, Pokhara, where a community of diverse traditional healers live. The study discusses why traditional healers and medicine still survive.


Summary The pattern of congenital transmission of a leukemia virus was studied in several inbred strains of mice varying in their susceptibilities to virus. Transmission of virus occurred through the maternal line in 3 C3H sublines, 2 low-leukemic and one high-leukemic. RFM mothers failed to transmit infection. There was no indication that parenterally-infected males, of any of the strains studied, transmitted virus to their offspring. Reciprocal foster-nursings of litters born to infected and non-infected mothers revealed that transfer through the mother's milk was the most effective route of transfer. Results of transmission during the prenatal period were equivocal. Leukemic lines were established in C3Hf/Lw and C3Hf/Fg strains through inoculation of virus into prospective parents in the neonatal period. The frequencies and ages at death from lymphocytic leukemia through 4 generations of C3Hf/Gs mice revealed no loss of virulence of virus. Apparently, low-leukemic and high-leukemic lines may be established simply through foster-nursing of litters. There was no evidence to support the concept for transmission of virus through germinal cells. The results reported here concerning the pattern for congenital transmission of Moloney virus stand in sharp contrast to the patterns for transfer of potentialities to develop leukemia in the high-leukemic strains of mice, AKR, C58, F and C3Hf/Fg.


We extend previous modelling approaches to identify domestic price effects of export controls. We allow for smooth transition between free-trade price transmission regimes and those under export restricting regimes, using a smooth transition cointegration (STC) approach, rather than the more common assumption that regime changes are abrupt. Our approach has the advantage that the switch in the price transmission regime may be induced not only by an actual but also by an expected policy change. Results confirm the gradual nature of the transition between the regimes, which reflect trader heterogeneity and wheat storage decisions. We find that the STC approach outperforms alternative model approaches in terms of both regime classification and goodness of fit, when explaining Ukrainian domestic wheat prices under export controls. In particular, application of the Markov-switching error correction model (MSECM) to the same data generates results which do not reflect any identifiable economic reality (in contrast to Gotz et al., 2013).


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the root causes of disaster vulnerability in Jakarta, to highlight the strategies and implications of official policies, and to consider alternatives for vulnerability mitigation. The February 2007 floods which struck Jakarta emphasized the extreme vulnerability of informal poor communities and the inefficiency of the disaster management policy set up by the Indonesian government.Design/methodology/approach – Detailed field investigations were undertaken before, during and after the February 2007 flood event in several informal districts of Jakarta to collect secondary data and conduct interviews with the population and some stakeholders of the disaster management scene.Findings – Human factors are dominant in explaining the magnitude of the 2007 flooding episode. Urbanization is partially responsible for the extent of the flooding by waterproofing the soils. Yet floods do not strike the inhabitants of formal and informal settlements in the same way. Peopl...


Erosion and weathering have always been considered as key factors regulating landscape morphodynamics. In this study, we implemented a numerical model that incorporates the effect of abrasion by saltation as well as the effect of slaking by wet‐dry weathering. Our numerical results indicate abrasion and weathering acting together on bedrock beds, that is, abrasion leads to a deep inner channel, and weathering leads to flat benches on the channel margins. We also inquired how changes in the water discharge, alluvial cover, bedrock strength and weathering depth define the abrasion and weathering rates. We found that changes in water discharge can control the weathering rate and depth and thereby the channel shape. Alluvial cover acts as tools or cover to determine the abrasion rates. Our results show that bedrock strength minimally changes the channel cross‐section while weathering depth controls the valley depth. Since weathering and abrasion occur at different heights in the channel cross‐section, there is little opportunity for weathered bedrock to be abraded. However, weathering and abrasion interact indirectly through changes in channel morphology. The internal channel incision lowers the elevation of wet‐dry weathering zone, and the formation of the bedrock bench reduces the bedload transport rate, which drives saltation‐abrasion.


One of the non-destructive techniques which have been developed to estimate fruit quality is time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy (TRS). TRS measures the absorption (μa) and scattering (μs') of pulses of laser light passing through the fruit. The absorption coefficient at 670 nm coincides with the absorption peak of chlorophyll, and has been used to estimate maturity of nectarines at harvest and to predict their softening rate during shelf life. A relatively low μa at 670 nm indicates that the fruit is more mature and that it will soften earlier, whereas a relatively high μa at 670 nm indicates that the fruit is less mature and that it will soften later. The aim of this research was to study the relationships between maturity of nectarines at harvest time as measured by TRS and its sugar and organic acid composition during shelf life. Nectarines of the cultivar 'Ambra' were harvested on the second commercial picking date (July 5, 2004). The fruit were sorted by size and were measured for their absorption coefficient (μa) using TRS at 670 nm. Fruit of each maturity class were randomized among the different samplings, so that the fruit from whole range of μa was represented in each sample. Total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), sugars and organic acids were measured at harvest time and at various times during


Of the present invention, the polycarbosilane is to and having a main chain formed consecutively with silicon atoms and carbon atoms are alternately, and to below, the structural unit represented by the following general formula (1) Formula structural unit represented by the second structural unit represented by the formula (3) and a structural unit represented by the following general formula (4). Polycarbosilane, a silicon atom, a carbon atom, a silica-based coating composition, a silica-containing film, the raw material polymer


In this paper, we define a scalar complex potential $\mathcal{S}$ for an arbitrary electromagnetic field. This potential is a modification of the two scalar potential functions introduced by E. T. Whittaker. By use of a complexified Minkowski space $M$, we decompose the usual Lorentz group representation on $M$ into a product of two commuting new representations. These representations are based on the complex Faraday tensor. For a moving charge and for any observer, we obtain a complex dimensionless scalar which is invariant under one of our new representations. The scalar complex potential is the logarithm of this dimensionless scalar times the charge value. We define a conjugation on $M$ which is invariant under our representation. We show that the Faraday tensor is the derivative of the conjugate of the gradient of the complex potential. The real part of the Faraday tensor coincides with the usual electromagnetic tensor of the field.
The potential $\mathcal{S}$, as a complex-valued function on space-time, is described as an integral over the distribution of the charges generating the electromagnetic field. This potential is like a wave function description of the field. If we chose the Bondi tetrad (called also Newman-Penrose basis) as a basis on $M$, the components of the Faraday vector at each point may be derived from $\mathcal{S}$ by $ F_j=E_j+iB_j={\partial}^\nu (\alpha_j)_\nu^\lambda{\partial}_\lambda \mathcal{S}$, where $(\alpha_j)$ are the known $\alpha$-matrices of Dirac. This fact indicates that our potential may build a "bridge" between classical and quantum physics.


A qualified personnel in future has to meet the need of economic globali -zation and cultural diversity along with the entry of our nation into WTO and the incre -asing frequency of international exchanges. The requirement for the future, for the globalization, for the modernizations calls for teachers in primary schools to empower them with suitable abilities. This paper attempts to give a report on the significance, possibilities and ways of foundation of the complex Blingual Cross-subject Major (CBCM) based on the reality of primary school education in western areas of our country.


To address the fluctuation regime above the critical temperature of the charge-density-wave phase of 1 T - TiSe 2 , we perform calculations using the Bethe-Salpeter equation for treating strong electron-hole correlations. Calculated photoemission intensity maps are in good agreement with the measured ones and provide a deeper understanding of the phase transition in terms of an electronic instability. We find that no real nesting of the Fermi surface is necessary, but crossing points between different Fermi surface sheets produce an instability with a wave vector corresponding to the commensurate charge distribution observed below the critical temperature. Finally, we also consider the effect of the electron-phonon interaction on the calculated spectra to discriminate what mechanism is responsible for the instability and conclude that the electron-hole fluctuation scenario is more likely to occur.


In recent years,shortwave infrared spectroscopy measurement in the application of alteration minerals identified had progressive development and was increasingly mature.It can be used to geological mapping,prospecting target delineation and the identification of drilling locations,etc.,And it's very helpful.However,the shortwave infrared spectral measurement technology in the identification of alteration minerals also exist many deficiencies.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss the merits and drawbacks of different phase change energy storage materials and investigate its application in buildings. The classification and integration of phase change energy storage materials into buildings were reviewed. Through years of research and development, these materials have found application in gypsum board, concrete and mortar. The problems in practical application and development direction of the future were put forward.


The use of a data monitoring plan in clinical research protects participant safety, ensures data quality, and protects data integrity. Creating a data monitoring plan, however, is a significant investment of time and includes formalising staff roles and responsibilities, defining monitoring purpose, a communication plan, site contacts, types of visits (including the procedure, frequency and amount), essential documents (i.e. Master file), an overview of source documents, adequate training, qualifications and resources, and reporting needs (The International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guideline E6 (R2), Section 5.18.7). Producing such a plan can be a significant burden on small research teams, and it is therefore unsurprising that a survey of 547 clinical researchers listed on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry found that most trials that did not meet the ICH guidelines for data monitoring were run by teams of 1–4 researchers (81%) and administered by universities (47%) or hospitals (28%). Although clinical trial sites that did not meet the ICH guidelines were implementing ad hoc procedures to ensure data quality, these were generally not best practice. In particular, small single-site academic studies were applying traditional source data verification procedures for monitoring their data while the updated GCP E6 guideline recommends a risk-based approach to monitoring. Australian researchers have identified major barriers to the use of a best-practice data monitoring plan as excessive monitoring set by regulatory agencies, a lack of funding, and inadequate IT infrastructure. Here, we aim to help small research teams by providing a list of free and easy to use resources for the development and implementation of a data monitoring plan for clinical trials in Australia (Table 1). Collating these resources is the first step towards a tool similar to the UK's route map of clinical documentation (cttoolkit.ac.uk/routemap/), an interactive, 'one-stopshop' which includes resources such as templates for data monitoring plans (hra-decisiontools.org.uk/consent/examples.html). In addition to examples taken from guidelines and published papers, we have included resources developed by Australian research groups. While many research groups may be unwilling to share their data quality procedures due to a perceived need for confidentiality, we have included examples from research groups that make their resources publicly available. All tools and resources selected meet the National Statement series of guidelines for clinical trials management and should be considered to augment these guidelines, never to replace them. The tools were selected on the basis that they cover all aspects of data monitoring, provide templates and examples, and are freely available and easy to find. We would like to emphasise that this is not a comprehensive list of the resources available, but rather a selection of examples which we have found useful in practice. These resources are listed at https://www.ihmri.org.au/clinical-trialresearch-resources/ and will be updated periodically.


Objective.It was suggested that coronary stent design and coating may affect stent performance and hence induce varying degrees of thrombogenesis and neointimal hyperplasia.The purpose of this study is to compare the 6-month follow-up results between old and nwe Multilink stents with the method of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)imaging.Methods.We have performed old(n=40)and new(n=35)Multilink stent implantations on 75 patients with coronary artery disease.Coronary angiography was performed before,immediately after,and 6 months after the in-stent procedure respectively.Six-month follow-up IVUS imaging was performed and analyzed off-line.Results.Minimal lumen coross sectional area(CSA) of new Multilink stents was significantly larger than that of old Multilink stents(P=0.0053).Mean stent lumen area of new Multilink stents was significantly larger than that of old Multilink stents (P=0.040).Similarly,minimal lumen diameter(MLD) of nwe Multilink stents was larger than that of old Multilink stents(P=0.011).Old Multilink stents had a higher percentage of plaque area than new Multilink stents.Conclusion.The new Multilink stent is obviously superior to old Multilink stents,in particular ,in the stent MLD and lumen CSA-major determinants of the restenosis.


The paper presents the results of examination of the thickness of the zone of iron nitrides, γ' and the nitrided layer, α, and γ'+α of the 38HMJ steel used for highly loaded machine parts, as well as of the WCL steel used for tools for hot metal forming after gas nitriding. The device used ion the examination was Wirotest 302 with 1 MHz frequency sensor and Wirotest 03 with 3.4 kHz frequency sensor. The nitrided layer thickness has been assessed basing on the microhardness profiles. The steels have been nitrided in two stages. It has been determined that the assessment of the γ' phase thickness is sufficiently accurate at the frequency of 1 MHz. In order to improve the accuracy, the frequency of the magnetizing current should be increased, particularly when the zone of γ' nitrides is smaller than 3 μm. The relationship of the indications of the eddy current devices is described by a quadratic polynomial function. Słowa kluczowe: azotowanie gazowe , warstwa azotowana, strefa azotków Ŝelaza, prądy wirowe


Since gaining independence, African governments have spent a substantial portion of their national budgets to develop the education sector. Investments of this magnitude were justified at the time as a means to produce rapidly the skilled manpower required for economic and social development. African education officials reiterated the important role of the university in Africa as an expression of national pride and sovereignty. Higher education in Africa as it is currently financed does not provide incentives to invest resources in fields that promote development, nor to invest in the amounts of education that most benefit society. Most countries in the region spend more money than they can afford on student subsidies and academic and administrative staff salaries and benefits, and not enough on laboratory equipment, books and journals for libraries, or research and technical training for development. The quality of the education provided has suffered as a result. The meetings explored ways of reducing costs and increasing quality and efficiency. Even though the meetings did not seek a consensus on any specific policy recommendation, common viewpoints emerged on the following: (1) the unlikelihood of additional public resources becoming available to expand or improve higher education in the region; (2) the possibility of generating additional resources to expand or improve higher education by using existing resources more efficiently; (3) the substantial public sacrifice required to implement adjustment strategies; (4) the need to increase the private costs of higher education, student subsidies and non-academic expenditures were cited as areas where public expenditure could be reduced despite the political difficulties; (5) the need to rationalize curricula and course offerings and to promote regional collaboration through supra-national institutions; and finally (6) the need for higher education to receive the continued financial and technical support of development assistance agencies. Education officials have recognized the gravity of the situation of higher education finance. Several have already attempted some technical solutions with varying degrees of success and failure. Notwithstanding, most were uncomfortable with proposals to shift cost savings from higher education to secondary or primary education. It was thought that such savings from politically risky changes to make higher education more efficient might best be reinvested in the sector to improve the quality of African universities.


Simple Summary Buffaloes are reared for different purposes, primarily for milk and dairy products. Meat is often a secondary product and mainly derives from old animals at the end of their productive or working life. However, in recent years buffalo meat has gained increased popularity due to its nutritional properties. Therefore, a huge economic potential might arise from the development of the meat sector in buffalo breeding. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the knowledge on river buffalo meat, with a special focus on quality traits, and offers insights for future research aimed at improving the meat sector in this species. Abstract The estimated world population of water buffalo counts around 204 million head, mostly reared for milk production. However, buffaloes also largely contribute to the meat sector, with around 4.3 million tonnes produced in 2019, mainly derived from old animals at the end of their productive or working life and only to a small extent from young animals. Therefore, buffalo meat production has been generally considered unsatisfactory for both quantity and quality. In fact, the dressing percentage is generally lower than 50% and the meat is considered of poor quality mainly due to its dark colour and reduced tenderness. However, in recent years, the healthy properties highlighted by some studies have led to a renewed interest in buffalo meat, with a parallel increase in research. Therefore, this review aims at providing an updated picture on carcass and meat quality traits in river buffalo, with special attention to the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to their variability. The research done so far has demonstrated that river buffaloes can efficiently contribute to the quanti-qualitative production of meat, provided that the meat supply chain is specifically organised for this purpose. The analysis of the available data also showed that further research is needed on the factors affecting meat production in order to gain greater knowledge essential for planning more targeted interventions.


The enhanced fracture toughness of whisker reinforced ceramics makes them attractive candidates for sliding components of advanced hear engines. Examples include piston rings and valve stems for Stirling engines and other low heat rejection devices. However, the tribological behavior of whisker reinforced ceramics is largely unknown. This is especially true for the applications described where use temperatures can vary from below ambient to well over 1000 C. An experimental research program to identify the dominant wear mechanism(s) for a silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina composite, SiCw-Al2O3 is described. In addition, a wear mechanism model is developed to explain and corroborate the experimental results and to provide insight for material improvement.


At present, male contraceptive methods are only vasectomy and condoms, so it is necessary to research on male contraceptive techniques. The aim of this study is to observe the effects of scrotal heating (SH) on semen parameters, seminal l‐carnitine (LC), epidermal growth factor (EGF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), reproductive hormones and sperm chromosome numbers of adult healthy men, and to provide the experimental data for male contraception. The scrotums of 30 healthy male volunteers were exposed to the condition of 40 to 43°C SH belt warming 40 minutes each day for successive 2 days per week. The course of SH was continuous for 3 months. Computer‐assisted semen analysis and hypo‐osmotic swelling test, sperm DNA integrity, l‐carnitine, MIF and EGF, and sperm fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed before, during, and after SH. The serum level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T) were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. The mean parameters of sperm concentration, vitality, and normal morphological sperm were significantly decreased in groups with sperms being collected during 1, 2, and 3 months of SH when compared with those in groups of pre‐SH (P < 0.01). Statistically significant differences of sperm DNA fragmentation, normal sperm membrane functionality, levels of LC and MIF in semen, and LH, FSH, and T in serum were observed between the groups of before SH and after SH 3 months and the groups of during SH 1, 2, and 3 months (P < 0.001). The total rate of chromosome number for 13, 18, 21, X, and Y in the 3 months of SH was 13.7‐fold greater (13.72%/1.69%) than before SH (P < 0.001). The constant SH can impact the semen quality, sperm DNA integrity, sperm chromosome, LC and MIF, and LH, FSH, and T in serum. Transient SH may be a new method for male contraception.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to find out how the influence of good corporate governance proxied managerial ownership on firm value with financial performance as an intervening variable. This research is a type of quantitative research. The population in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2015-1017 period. Samples were selected using non-purposive sampling. The results of the study show that good corporate governance has a significant positive effect on firm value. Good corporate governance has a significant positive effect on financial performance. Financial performance has a significant influence on company value. While good corporate governance has a significant indirect effect on firm value by using financial performance as an intervening variable. Keywords: Good Corporate Governance, Company Value, and Financial Performance.


Methods to enhance the validity of urban design were researched through analyzing the issues exited in the implementation of urban design.Three elements of urban design,i.e.,conception,field of specialty and operational tactics,and their correlation will determine the validity of the science of urban design in China.The core of the urban design conception is focused on enhancing the environmental quality of public realm.Development and controlling are two basic professional tools in practice.In order to offset the lack of urban design institution,it is a realistic way to conceive an urban design controlling policy which possesses the characteristics of "integrated content,full-scale pervasion,flexible extrusion,project checkup,public participation" and so on.


Pharmacokinetic in cow milk was evaluated to study the distribution of cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusionin in mammary region after administration. 8 healthy black- white cows and two mammary regions of each cow were randomly selected. A single intramammary infusion of 8 g cefquinome sulfate intramammary infusion was given on each mammary region. Concentration of cefquinome was detected by the method of high performent liquid chromatography and mass spectrometer( UPLC- MS / MS). The mean concentration of cefquinome was 1. 51 ~ 2. 76 μg / m L in mammary region 24 ~ 30 h after administration; while lower drug concentrations of( 0. 05 ± 0. 01) μg / m L and( 0. 02 ± 0. 01) μg / m L were found in mammary region not administrated with drug at 12 and 24 h; in blood,the lower drug contents of( 0. 05 ± 0. 03) μg / m L and( 0. 03 ±0. 01) μg / m L- 1were detected at 6 and 12 h. The results demonstrated that cefquinome was mainly concentrated in mammary region after administration and rarely drug entered mammary region without administration and systemic circulation.


Distribution patterns of algae community which is only found in semi-arid area in Loess Plateau were systematically investigated from the aspects of distribution of vegetation types,different slope aspects,different degrees of slopes,different topographic positions,and different disturbance degrees etc.Through the survey,the indicators of algae crust thickness under different site conditions,the vegetation distribution,the cover degree of crust and other environment factors were measured.The results were as follows.1.The influences of different vegetation types on the algae coverage and thickness exhibited regularties.Coverages were different in different vegetation types and in the order of barren slopes Mongoliam pine forest Chinese pine forest.But thickness displayed the opposite characteristic,ranked in order of Chinese pine forest Mongolian pine forest barren slopes.2.The effects of different slopes on soil algae crust distribution were significant,the coverage and thickness in the shady slope were bigger than those in the sunny slope.3.The influence of slope on the algae was an combined action of several factors,the slope degree exhibited little impact on coverge but on thickness,namely conservative slopegentle slope steep slope extremely steep slope.4.The landform spots exhibited significant influence no the algae mantle distribution,in forest land,for the algae coverage was in the order of up slope middle slope lower part slope.Mantle thickness is not remarkable difference.5.The degree of disturbance had extreme effect on the algae coverage,the degree of disturbance was weak,the algae mantle coverage was bigger,and vice versa.


The magnetic properties of trivalent vanadium oxide system, LuVO3, were investigated by the measurements of DC magnetization and AC magnetic susceptibility. The antiferromagnetic Weiss temperature of -106K and effective moment of 2.68μB were obtained from the Curie-Weiss fitting. The three steps of magnetic transitions were observed in DC magnetic susceptibility at about 107K, 86K and 72K. These magnetic behaviors should be discussed by the complex exchange interactions in this system.


This paper examines the legal and regulatory implications of wireless mesh networking. Current approaches to internet regulation focus on centralized points of control, such as traditional ISPs. Following the Lessig concept of code, wireless mesh networking is a decentralized architecture, thus increasing the difficulties of regulating internet behavior. Because this new code enables different players to enter the ISP game, this paper also looks at the regulatory impact of two significant groups: community-based and municipally-owned networks.


Resumen en: This essay contributes to current theories of latinidad by using ethnographic research to reveal how ordinary people, in this case individuals who are of...


Abstract : The study examines the social, political, economic, and military aspects of Cuba's national power in order to define the parameters that will govern the application of U.S. military power in a Cuban contingency. The essence of a strategic assessment of Cuba comprises two phenomena. One is the diffusion of political power. The ruling elite is finding it increasingly difficult to control events to the extent that they once did. Power is shifting downward, being diffused to the other generational factions, the military, the church, and slowly, incrementally, to the people themselves. The second phenomenon is the acceleration of change throughout the country, driven primarily by the deterioration of the economy. As a result, the regime's traditional sources of legitimacy are disappearing. Unless the regime can revitalize the Cuban economy (which is doubtful), the prospect for a chaotic power succession is probable. The study concludes that actions taken now, prior to the occurrence of convulsive violence, could allow the achievement of our political strategy without an armed intervention.The paper forwards the idea that the proactive development of a truly overarching grand strategy, military to military contacts, and the institution of an informational program, designed to allay historical fears, will significantly aid in the achievement of that goal. The organization and training of an Inter-American force should occur concurrently should intervention become unavoidable. Additionally, a new theater strategic concept should be considered. One that is focused on how best to shape change and achieve the fundamental goal of a peaceful, democratic, and prosperous Cuba.


We use Galerkin least squares terms to develop a more general stabilized discontinuous Galerkin method for elliptic problems in the plane with mixed boundary conditions. The unique solvability and optimal rate of convergence of this scheme, with respect to the h-version, are established. Furthermore, we include the corresponding a posteriori error analysis, which results in a reliable and efficient estimator. Finally, we present several numerical examples that show the capability of the adaptive algorithm to localize the singularities, confirming the theoretical properties of the a posteriori error estimate.


Hair root can be induced from tea explants by several strains of Agrobacterium Rhizogenes.Through selection, we obtain the most effective strain-15834,and we know that acetosyringone has promotion effect in this progress.


Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is an oxy-combustion like process where particles are used to supply oxygen to combustion. Further work is still needed for extrapolation and optimization of the CLC process, concerning properties of Group B particles and CFB technology. Hydrodynamic tests were made on a 18 m tall riser. Axial pressure profiles as well as radial flux profiles and radial momentum quantity profiles were obtained. Three types of Group B particles were used with Sauter mean diameters between 250 and 300 μm and densities between 2600 and 3300 kg/m²s. An important impact of particle sphericity on riser pressure drop has been revealed. At identical conditions, glass beads present about half the pressure drop generated by sand. In the developed region of the riser, the core-annulus regime has been found. A 1D model of the riser, based on experimental results and on the Euler-Euler gas-solid equations, has been developed. Moreover, a new cross section averaged drag force correlation is presented. A new boundary condition on the bottom of the riser has been investigated. The final 1D model is capable of predicted riser pressure drop from the operating conditions and it takes into account particle properties such as density, size and shape. A study on the adequacy of the use of the commercial CFD code Barracuda to simulate risers with Group B particles was made. It was shown that the code under estimates pressure drop along the riser for sand simulations


Purpose: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of treatment with early surgical therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma compared with early medical therapy. Methods: The hypothetical patient was treated with early surgical or early medical therapy. Relevant costs were obtained from 2002 National Health Insurance data. The success rate of each therapy was obtained from previous reports. Cost-effective Markov model was created using the medical decision analysis program. Markov approach simulated disease progression. Matrix calculation and Monte Carlo simulation were used to determine whether there was a significant difference in quality-of-life adjusted years (QALYs) gained between surgical and medical therapy. Results: In Moorfields study cost-effectiveness for early surgical therapy and medical monotherapy were 110,161 W/QALYs and 189,616 W/QALYs, respectively. In the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) cost-effectiveness for early surgical therapy and medical monotherapy were 153,578 W/QALYs and 201,353 W/QALYs, respectively. Matrix calculation and Monte Carlo simulation showed that early surgical therapy was superior cost-effective treatment to medical therapy. Conclusions: By cost-effective Markov medical decision model, early surgical therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma is a cost-effective treatment option and is superior to medical therapy.


An insecticidal composition comprising an azol compound is provided to show excellent insecticidal effect on insects, thereby being usefully used as an insecticidal agent during cultivation of agricultural products. An insecticidal composition comprises an azol compound represented by a formula(1) or a salt thereof as an effective ingredient and is characterized in that it controls larva, acarid and nematoda of harmful insects. In the formula(1), A is O or NR, wherein R is H or C1-4 linear or branched alkyl. A method for sterilizing insects comprises a step of spraying or administering an effective amount of the insecticidal composition into the insects. Further, the harmful insect is one selected from a group consisting of Diamond Back Moth, Prodenia litura and Hyphantria cunea.


The influence of homogenous pressure on fat globules size apparent viscosity,fat separating rate and centrifugation precipitating rate of emulsions separated from soy protein isolats(SPI),were studied,and their related mechanism were discussed.The results showed that the fat globules size,apparent viscosity,fat separating rate and centrifugation precipitating rate were reduced obviously,and the stabilitiy of emulsions was enhanced when the homogenous pressure increased from 10 MPa to 55 MPa.The fat globules,apparent viscosity,fat separating rate and centrifugation precipitating rate were smaller as the homogenous pressure changed from 55 MPa to 70 MPa.The optimal homogenous pressure was 55MPa in terms of the production cost and the equipment investment.


AbstractBackground: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoimmune disease needs continuous assessment of disease activity. There is no single biomarker used for that purpose. Platelet indices have recently been found to be a simple inflammatory marker used in the assessment of systemic inflammation in many diseases like, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel diseases.Aim of Study: To evaluate platelet indices [mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet-crit (PCT)] as markers of disease activity in patients with SLE.Patients and Methods: In this cross sectional study we tested 100 subjects; 20 healthy control and 80 SLE patients recruited from rheumatology unit in Internal Medicine De-partment, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. Then the lupus patients were divided according to SLEDAI into 20 patients without flare (SELEDAI _12). Platelet indices (MPV, PDW, PTC) were assessed in all of them and their correlation to SLEDAI score were analyzed.Results: MPV and PDW had no clinical significance in assessing lupus activity, PCT significantly lower with SLE patients with severe flare and it had a significant negative correlation with SELEDAI score with cutoff value equals <_0.173, sensitivity 61.11%, specificity 79.03%, PPV 45.8% and NPV 87.5%. Finally there was no significant difference between lupus nephritis and lupus without nephritis patients in Platelet indices.Conclusion: Plateletcrit (PCT) can be used as a new marker for SLE activity.


A few days after the twentieth anniversary of the death of Karl Popper (September 17, 1994), and a few days before the fiftieth anniversary of my first meeting with him (at the beginning of the Autumn term at the LSE in October 1964), my thoughts turn again to his most glorious successes in the epistemology and methodology of science, namely his subtle resolutions of the problems of demarcation and induction. In the eighty years that have elapsed since the presentation of these ideas in the original German text ( Logik der Forschung ) of The Logic of Scientific Discovery countless criticisms, large and small, have been adduced. Several of these criticisms undoubtedly expose defects that need correction, but it seems to me that almost all the black marks awarded are mere minor stains that are easily washed away. This applies especially to all those objections that depend essentially on the thesis that our knowledge, in order to be valid, demands some justification, be it partial and inconclusive. Although I have no hope that I shall be able to open eyes already closed, I plan to examine in this lecture some criticisms, recent and less recent, that have not to date been adequately dealt with. After all, an occasion designed to honour the memory of Karl Popper, and to celebrate his intellectual achievement, provides an opportunity, even an obligation, to expound his beautiful ideas as simply as possible, and to explain why so many of the prevailing criticisms miss their target. Nothing shows that Popper's ideas are one and all correct, since they are not all correct, but I shall perhaps be able to make it evident that most of them are not mistaken in the respects in which they are commonly supposed to be mistaken.


For the purpose of simulating roughness induced transition, new boundary conditions of turbulent dissipation rate omega and eddy viscosity mut for rough surface were added to Langtry's ?-Re? transition model, furthermore, the empirical correlation equation of transition momentum thickness Reynolds number Re?t was rewritten by introducing a new parameter, equivalent sand roughness height ks, making it appropriate for simulating roughness-induced transition. Numerical simulation was made referring to the wind tunnel data of several rough flat plate experiments and a variable-pressure-gradient plate experiment, and the results were satisfactorily compared with the experiment data. Main conclusions are as follows: Surface roughness enhances the heat transfer, increases the skin friction coefficient and shifts the transition position upstream compared with smooth cases; roughness degree of 0.15mm could shift the transition position upstream for about 40%; influence of surface roughness on natural transition is significant, while the influence on separation induced transition is inconspicuous.


The utility model discloses a wetland soil sampler, comprising a first hand shank, a first connecting rod, a sampling shovel, a second hand shank and a second connecting rod, wherein a round sampling opening is formed at the lower end of the sampling shovel; the second connecting rod in axial sliding fit is arranged inside the first connecting rod; the lower end of the second connecting rod is fixedly connected with a round rubber plugging plate through a disc screw; the round rubber plugging plate is concentric with the round sampling opening; the diameter of the round rubber plugging plate is greater than that of the round sampling opening; the upper end of the second connecting rod passes through a hole on the first hand shank and is fixedly connected with the second hand shank; an inner cavity of the sampling shovel is communicated with the inner cavity of the first connecting rod; the inner cavity of the first connecting rod is communicated with external atmosphere through the hole on the first hand shank; scales are marked on the sampling shovel and the first connecting rod. The wetland soil sampler has the advantages of being convenient to use, simple to operate and the like, and the soil sampling depth can be determined.


The title of the final report title is " The Design Of Hearing Device Of Long Distance By Using Multi Stage Amplifier And Low Pass Filter (Multi Stage Amplifier)". In the final report, the author aims to study the workings of the operational amplifier circuit and amplifier class B (Push Pull) on the circuit this hearing devices. In designing this tool, used some circuits that regulator circuit, pre-amplifiers, filters, and amplifiers class B (push-pull). The first most important stage in the design process is to make the block diagram of the circuit, making the circuit paths, and choose the components that fit the needs and then get the results and discussion. This tool requires an input voltage of 14.4 volts, then a small microphone captures audio frequency signals and transform them into electrical signals, entered into a series of pre-amplifier IC LM741 reinforced with two levels, further strengthened by a string of class B amplifier as voltage amplifier, then in filter by filter circuit LPF order to four, the final amplifier and the output of the audio output (sound) with a frequency range of 1 Hz - 1 KHz.
Key word : Op-amp IC LM 741, amplifier push pull , pre-amplifier, LPF.


An extensive catalogue of the wares and a gazetteer of the sites with a new foreword by Mike Fulford, taking account of the intervening years.


Green consumption is a new idea of consumption reflecting sustainable development.After going through an immeasurable loss in the complex economy-society-environment-resources system caused by traditional consumption mode,human beings get to reexamine the relations between man and nature,to introspect the old relations between man and nature,and aims at future development.So,green consumption is promoted as a scientific consumption mode.As one of the mechanisms to carry out sustainable development,green consumption requires to change the man-centered anthropocentrism,and establish a new type of consumption emphasizing natural ecology value the relations between man and nature.


Since late 2007, we have been leading the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, an initiative aimed at eliminating the many inconsistencies in the thermal conductivity database of colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles, also known as nanofluids. The INPBE was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation, and 34 organizations from the United States, Belgium, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Poland, Puerto Rico, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom participated in the exercise. A complete description of the exercise and its results have been published in an article that recently appeared in the Journal of Applied Physics (Vol. 106, 094312, 2009). Viscosity data on the same series of samples collected by ten INPBE participants will be published in Applied Rheology. However, given the general interest in nanofluids and the controversy surrounding their thermal conductivity, we believe the following brief summary may be of interest to the readership of Experimental Heat Transfer and aid the preparation of future research studies. The thermal conductivity of four sets of identical samples of colloidally stable nanofluids was measured by the participating organizations using a variety of experimental approaches, including the transient hot wire method, steady-state methods, and optical methods, following identical protocols. The nanofluids tested in the exercise were comprised of aqueous and non-aqueous basefluids, metal and metal oxide particles, nearspherical and elongated particles, and low and high particle concentrations, as reported in Table 1. The data analysis revealed that the data from most organizations are within a relatively narrow band about the ensemble average, with only few outliers. Specifically, for all water-based samples tested, the data from most organizations deviated from the sample average by ̇5% or less. For all polyalphaolefins lubricant (PAO) based samples tested, the data from most organizations deviated from the sample average by ̇10% or less. The thermal conductivity enhancement afforded by the tested nanofluids increased with increasing particle loading, particle aspect ratio, and decreasing basefluid thermal conductivity, as expected from Maxwell's effective medium theory (A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Clarendon, Oxford, 1881) and its generalization by Nan et al. (J. Appl. Phys., 81 (10), 15 May 1997). Also, Nan et al.'s theory was found to accurately reproduce the INPBE experimental data (see Figure 1), thus suggesting that no anomalous enhancement of thermal conductivity was observed in the nanofluids tested in INPBE. As such, resorting to the other theories proposed in the literature (e.g., Brownian motion, liquid layering, aggregation) was not necessary for the interpretation of the INPBE database. It should be noted, however, that the ranges of parameters explored in the INPBE, while broad, are not exhaustive. For example, only one nanofluid with metallic nanoparticles was tested, and only at a very low concentration. Some systematic differences in thermal conductivity measurements were seen for different measurement techniques. However, as long as the same measurement technique


A Cylindrical Inverted Converter (CIC), made by Lutch, with the emitter on the outside was tested in a vacuum furnace supplying radiant heat to the emitter outer surface. The collector, coaxial with the emitter, has an integral heat pipe with sodium as the working fluid, which carries the heat dissipated in the collector to a radiating area with a coating of alumina and sub-stoichiometric TiO2. The CIC is a proof-of-principle device which will lead to the development of multi-cell inverted converter assemblies for space solar power systems. The thermionic performance at emitter temperatures of 1800 and 1900 K is presented.


Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) and radio over fiber (RoF) are promising technologies that are able to provide unlimited transmission capacity, which meets the growing demands of bandwidth in communication systems. In this paper, an architecture for DWDM-RoF access networks uses a single Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) to generate the mm-wave signal. This paper aims to study the effect of phase imbalance on the mm-wave signal to reduce the insertion loss in the system. It is found that the phase imbalance affects the insertion loss. The phase imbalance can be controlled by adjusting the injected phase, and the best result is collected at $\mathbf{\pi \big /3}$ and $\mathbf{5\pi \big /12}$ phases.


A sensor module that integrates a thin film PVDF piezoelectric strain sensor and a wireless data processing/transmitting platform has been designed and implemented for wireless monitoring of the feed force in the slot end milling process. The module, which is mounted on the tool shank, measures the dynamic strain produced in the tool and transmits data wirelessly to the receiver connected to a data acquisition computer. A first principles model based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and constitutive equations of the piezoelectric sensor material is used to transform the wirelessly obtained data into the feed force acting on the tool in a slot milling operation. The wireless PVDF sensor signal is found to compare well with the expected (or theoretical) sensor signal computed from the measured feed force in slot milling experiments.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The effect of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on granulocyte and platelet functions was assessed. No alteration of granulocyte viability, morphology, phagocytic ability, or bactericidal capacity was detected after incubation with 6 per cent HES at 25 C for two hours. Platelet morphology, size distribution, aggregation, nucleotide and serotonin release, and platelet factor‐3 availability were also unchanged after exposure to HES. It is concluded that HES has no adverse effect on cell function and appears to be a suitable adjuvant agent for blood cell component collection.


The quality of urbanization development is closely related to the development and distribution mode in the process of urbanization development. Urbanization development and distribution mode determine the quality of regional urbanization strategy and planning, which will definitely affect the quality of urbanization development. Oasis city is a kind of widely distributed city with unique characteristics, and its development and layout mode will also affect the quality of its urbanization development. This study selects and analyzes Zongzhai Town of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, China, which is the typical representative of oasis small town as the research object, and adopt the method of questionnaire survey and the method of the combination of qualitative and quantitative. This study is based on the investigation of farmers' urbanization willingness and understanding, and combined with the problems of fragile ecological environment, weak economic foundation, difficult construction guidance, lack of infrastructure and backward management system, and the development trend of rural economy, population and urbanization, village and town construction and land use proposes in the development of the town. And this study puts forward a mode suitable for oasis towns of "four modernizations" of "Ecological construction of oasis environment, Modernization of agricultural industry development, New community construction of rural construction and Rural gardening of human settlement environment". It can be used for reference to the urbanization development and layout mode of oasis cities.


This paper describes a technique to effectively visualize three-dimensional (3-D) images commonly given as sequences of two-dimensional (2-D) slice images such as microscopic serial section images and multiple CT slices. The method is based on the principle of binocular stereoscopy and the idea of semi-transparent viewing. The main problem addressed here is that of computing a stereo pair directly from a set of 2-D gray-level images. A transmitted-light model is introduced for determining each pixel value in the stereo images. Effectiveness of the method is verified in 3-D view of biomedical section images.


This work was supported totally by lschemic Heart SCOR Grant, National Institutes of Health grant HL-1 7669, and the Moss Heart Fund, Dallax, TX. 1 Department of Intemal Medicine (Cardiology), The University of Texas Health Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235. Address reprint requests to S. Schaefer. 2 Department of Radiology (Nuclear Medicine), The University of Texas Health Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75235. 1289


The light propagation in a simple layered ellipse model and more complex neonatal head model are calculated by the finite-difference method. The finite-difference method has advantage of simple algorithm and fast calculation time however has been successful under restricted condition for a heterogeneous medium. The light propagation in the both models is predicted by Monte Carlo simulation to validate the results of the finite-difference method. The detected intensity and partial optical path length calculated by the finite-difference method agree with those by Monte Carlo simulation. The boundary of the grey and white matter in the neonatal head model is more complex than the simple ellipse model. However, the tendency of spatial sensitivity profiles in the neonatal head model is scarcely affected by the effect of heterogeneity of the brain tissue.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG) on rotenone-induced injury in rat pheochromocytoma(PC12) cells and to explore potential mechanisms.METHODS EGCG 1,5 and 10 μmol·L-1 were added to cultivated rat PC12 cells,and 30 min later,rotenone 25 nmol·L-1 was added and then coincubated for 24 h.The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay.Hoechst33258 was employed to observe morphological changes of cell nucleus.Apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry using AnnexinⅤ and propidum iodide(PI).Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 staining.RESULTS Compared with(77.0±2.9)% in rotenone-treated group,cell survival in EGCG 1,5 and 10 μmol·L-1 groups was significantly higher(79.8±2.3)%,(82.4±2.2)% and(88.3±2.0)%,respectively(P0.05).Hochest33258 staining demonstrated that EGCG improved the nuclear changes morphologically.Compared with control group,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased in rotenone-model cells by 8.2-fold but was significantly reduced by 46%,25% and 63% in EGCG 1,5 and 10 μmol·L-1 groups(P0.01).Compared with 30.6% in rotenone group,the apoptosis rate in EGCG 1,5 and 10 μmol·L-1 was reduced to 30.6%,14%,and 15.7%,respectively,by FCM analysis.Meanwhile,the mitochondrial membrane potential of EGCG 1,5 and 10 μmol·L-1 groups increased 2.48-,3.96-and 4.04-fold compared with rotenone-treated group(P0.01).CONCLUSION EGCG exhibits inhibitory effect on rotenone induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells,which is possibly due to its ability to stabilize mitochondrial membrane potential.


Systematic exploration of interviewing techniques is made possible by the procedures described here. Properly used this will be an important training device.


Theory: Market-like reforms, such as school choice, can work effectively in spite of the low levels of information commonly found among citizen/consumers. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that (1) parental knowledge of school characteristics is a function of ability, incentives, and whether parents believe a particular school attribute to be important; (2) parents will select schools for their children that rate high on the dimensions that they value; (3) the "marginal consumer" will be more knowledgeable about schools than other parents; and (4) marginal consumers will have more accurate information on dimensions that they value and are more likely to select schools for their children that rate high on these dimensions. Methods: Multiple regression is used to predict parents' knowledge of reading test scores, racial composition of the school, and number of violent incidents. Multiple regression is also used to determine the extent to which consumers have enrolled their children in schools that are high on the dimensions about which they care. Results: We find that on average low-income parents have very little accurate information about objective conditions in the schools. However, even in the absence of such objective knowledge there is evidence of a matching process in which children are enrolled in schools that are higher on the dimensions of education that their parents think are important. We then shift our analysis away from the behavior of the "average" parent and identify a subset of parents who are in fact informed about the conditions of the schools. We demonstrate that there is a tighter match between what these parents want and the conditions of the schools in which their children are enrolled.


Treated HIV‐1‐infected patients with lipodystrophy often develop insulin resistance and proatherogenic dyslipidaemia. Zinc alpha‐2 glycoprotein (ZAG) is a recently characterized adipokine which has been shown to be involved in the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome in uninfected subjects. We assessed the relationship between circulating ZAG levels and metabolic derangements in HIV‐1‐infected patients receiving antiretroviral drugs.


Objective:To summrize the clinical features of brain herniation in patients with moderate craniocerebral injury during subacute phase after truma and to study the etiology.Methods:The data of 33 cases of brain herniation in patients with moderate craniocerebral injury during subacute phase after truma in the department where the authers worked from 1997 to 2005 were studied retrospectively.Results:Hematoma formation after cerebral contusion,cerebral edema after cerebral contusion,delayed intracerebral hematomas formation were main causes of brain herniation in patients with moderate craniocerebral injury during subacute phase after truma.There were 28 patients had been treated surgically after exacerbation.22 cases had a good prognosis and 5 cases died of cerebellar tonsillar herniation.Conclusion:The conditon of most patients with moderate craniocerebral injury during subacute phase after truma is stable,while some cases worsen and even develop into brain herniation,and the incidence of disablity and mortality rise significantly.


There are hundreds of thousands of contaminated commercial and industrial sites in the US, with estimated cleanup costs running to the billions. But do the benefits of cleaning up these brownfield sites outweigh the costs? In new research, Laura Taylor examines the effects of cleaning up these sites on nearby property values. In a study of brownfield sites in Minnesota, she finds that once hazardous wastes are removed, nearby house prices return to a level no different to those near to "clean" properties.


Giotto is a high-level programming language for time-triggered control applications. The authors begin with a conceptual overview of its methodology, discuss the Giotto helicopter project, and summarize available Giotto implementations.


A hand-size probe including 64 elementary 5 X 5 X 2 mm CdTe detectors has been optimized to detect the (gamma) tracer 99Tc in the heart left ventricle. The system, has been developed, not for imaging, allowing acquisitions at 33 Hz to describe the labeled blood volume variations. The (gamma) -counts variations were found accurately proportional to the known volume variations of an artificial ventricle paced at variable rate and systolic volume. Softwares for on line data monitoring and for post-processing have been developed for beat to beat assessment of cardiac performance at rest and during physical exercise. The evaluation of this probe has been performed on 5 subjects in the Nucl Dep of Balatonfured Cardiology Hospital. It appears that the probe needs to be better shielded to work properly in the hot environment of the ventricle, but can provide reliable ventriculography, even under heavy exercise load, although the ventricle volume itself is unknown.


The invention provides a building and simulation method of a large-scale communication network simulation model, belonging to the communication technology field and relating to the communication network technology. An actual network is divided into multiple relatively independent areas and subareas according to geographical position, connecting relation and business size of all network units (routers) in the actual network; one server is adopted as an analog front end to simulate the working process of one subarea; one server is adopted as a sub-dispatching unit to coordinate and dispatch allanalog front ends in one area; one server is adopted as a general dispatching unit to coordinate and dispatch each sub-dispatching unit. In the invention, the simulation model which is basically consistent to the actual network is adopted, the working process of the whole network is distributed to the different servers, so as to speed up the simulation velocity; and the simulation result is direct and accurate and is in accordance to practical condition. The method is suitable for large-scale and superlarge scale network simulation.


INTRODUCTION
The Food and Drug Administration issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking for setting a product standard for nicotine levels in cigarettes, with an emphasis on minimally or non-addicting very low nicotine content (VLNC).

METHODS
A 33-week, two-arm, double-blind randomized trial conducted in Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA and Washington, DC, USA included adult daily cigarette smokers (≥5 cigarettes per day) with less than a college degree, and who had no plans to quit within the next 6 months. Participants were randomized to either Reduced Nicotine Content (RNC) study cigarettes tapered every 3 weeks to a final VLNC (0.2 mg/cigarette) for six weeks or to Usual Nicotine Content (UNC) study cigarettes (11.6 mg/cigarette). Outcomes included acceptability of study cigarettes measured by attrition (primary outcome), compliance, reduction in cigarette dependence and tobacco biomarkers, and post-intervention cessation.

RESULTS
The RNC (n= 122) vs. UNC (n=123) group had higher attrition (adjusted Hazard Ratio 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-5.81). At the end of the intervention, cotinine levels were 50% lower in the RNC group (mean group difference -137 ng/mL; 95% CI -172, -102). The RNC group smoked fewer CPD (-4.1; 95% CI -6.44, -1.75) and had lower carbon monoxide levels (-4.0 ppm; 95% CI -7.7, -0.4). Forty seven percent (29/62) of the RNC group were biochemically-confirmed compliant with smoking VLNC cigarettes (mean cotinine= 8.9 ng/ml). At three month follow-up, only compliant VLNC smokers quit with an assisted quit attempt (N=6/22, 27%).

CONCLUSIONS
This study supports a VLNC standard in cigarettes.

IMPLICATIONS
Differential dropout and noncompliance indicate some smokers had difficulty transitioning to cigarettes with reduced nicotine. These smokers will benefit from supplemental nicotine in medicinal or noncombustible tobacco products if a nicotine reduction standard is established. Other smokers in the study were able to successfully transition to VLNC cigarettes exclusively and substantially reduced their exposure to nicotine.


This paper describes a number of Hopewellianstyle artifacts, particularly projectile points, which have been recorded from Anne Arundel County and adjacent areas. Made of exotic Midwestern lithic materials, these artifacts occur mainly as isolates. They seem to indicate that some form of low-level contact was occurring between this area and the Ohio Valley cultures during the first half millennium A.D.


Poor soil moisture is one of the key restrictions affecting to reforestation in dry valleys along the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. The results of this study showed that water supply and moisture holding capacity of soil increased with the concentration of the water absorbent polymers in soil to a certain extent. Polymers sk 4 could well affect soil water supply and moisture holding capacity at a fraction of 5 10 -3 . However, exorbitant concentration of polymers did not improve water supply capacity of soil. By contrast to, will compote water with plant. Field studies also showed that proper concentration of polymers could effectively improve water supply and moisture holding capacity, so as to improve the survival rate of seedlings. Fig 1, Tab 5, Ref 10


The present invention relates to methods and compositions for stimulating reepithelialization in a wound healing process. More specifically, the present invention relates to inhibitors of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, or mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression for use in a method of stimulating reepithelialization of skin or cornea in the wound healing process.


Objective To establish a bacterial endotoxin inspection method of Cimetidine Injection.Methods Interference tests of Cimetidine Injection were performed with TAL from two manufacturers according to bacterial endotoxin inspection test method in Appendix of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 Edition).Results No interference was found when Cimetidine Injection with concentration of 2.0 mg· mL-1.The limit value of bacterial endotoxin was 0.5 EU·mg-1.Conclusion The method was rapid,sensitive,and it can be used for the bacterial endotoxin limit test of Cimetidine Injection.


Chitin and chitosan are a natural polysaccharide prepared by processing Kentish snail exoskeleton's (species Monacha cantiana ) which involves by partial deacetylation of chitin. Chitosan considered the second most abundant natural polymer. Many researchers have found that chitosan very important bioactive polymer as biodegradable and nontoxic material which made wide applicability in conventional pharmaceutics as a potential formulation excipient. This study is interested in the extraction of chitosan, with low molecular weight and suitable, for pharmaceutical industry. The crude chitin was collected from exoskeleton of Monacha cantiana specimens to obtain chitosan. The current study was synthesized from chitosan usage for the pharmaceutical industry .


BLEPBAS MERIDIONALIS IN THE NORWICH CRAG. Sir,—I must beg you to allow me space for a fe-w additional remarks—Firstly, Mr. Gunn's " evidence" is, I may venture to say, without offence, undeniably no evidence at all, and the way in which Mr. Fisher uses it in building a theory is an example of a common method of the growth of error. Mr. Fisher is quite right in saying that Mr. Whincopp's collection does not contain E. meridionalis, nor do other equally fine collections known to me. Mr. Fisher abandoning E. meridionalis as a Eed Crag fossil, observes—" The species, however, is abundant in the Norwich Crag, which is sufficient for my argument." I would ask here, what exactly is the mode of occurrence of E. meridionalis in the Norwich Crag ? How many molars have been found, and in what parts of the Norwich Crag ? The headquarters of E. meridionalis in this country are undoubtedly in the Forest-beds, and the few specimens which appear to have come from the Norwich Crag, may have been derived, or have come from a representative horizon of the Forest-bed. Why does Mr. Fisher speak of " Miocenes of the south" as furnishing derivata to the Suffolk bone-bed ? Surely Miocenes of the north will satisfy the required conditions better. Some of Mr. Fisher's paragraphs lead me to suppose that I have been understood as wishing to dispute the identity of the Eed and Norwich Crags. This was not my intention. I quite believe that they shade off into one another—the more northern beds of the Upper Crags being newer than the southern; this rule holding good for the various localities of the Eed Crag, as well as the Norfolk Crag. My object was merely to get the facts rightly stated. The truth is, that nothing is known of the terrestial mammalia of the Coralline, or Bed Crag period, i.e., of a fauna coeval with the marine fauna of those deposits, and I believe the same is true for the Norwich Crag. The contents of Mr. Gunn's stone bed have no more to do with the Norwich Crag than have the contents of the Suffolk Bone-bed (two species of Mastodon, Rhinoceros, etc., Cetacean bones and nodules of Plio-miocene age,) to do with the Eed Crag. I should much like to see a list of Mammalian remains in addition to the Mastodon teeth, found in Mr. Gunn's stone-bed. The Mastodon does not occur in this country with Elephas meridionalis at all—nor in France—and we may doubt if it does so even in the Val d'Arno, since the strata may have belonged to different horizons which furnished the one to the other. The relations of—1st, the Mastodonfauna of the Suffolk bone-bed and Norfolk stone-bed; 2nd, the E. Meridionalis-femna, of the Forest-bed; and 3rd, the Marine-fauna of the Crags, have still to be worked out, and this can only be done by keeping the three quite distinct and adhering to fact I think I have clearly shown that the Mastodon, Getacea, etc., of the Suffolk bone-bed are older even than a deposit (the sandstone nodules) containing Gonus, Cassidariai, Pyrida, and Isocardia, in place of the more boreal forms of the Crags. The question arises as to whether


Recently wireless positioning using existing network infrastructure has become an attractive value added application in campus and local area networks. However, many complexities, intrinsic to indoor radio propagation create technical challenges for the localization algorithms to meet indoor positioning requirements. Variety of algorithms using received signal strength (RSS) or time of arrival (TOA) has been used for this purpose. There is a literature gap in performance and system bandwidth requirement comparison between RSS and TOA based techniques used for indoor geolocation. In this paper we present experimental results that demonstrate a systematic comparison between these two techniques. Using a 2D ray tracing (RT) software to create a common repeatable framework for performance evaluation, we present a comparison among two RSS based and two TOA based indoor positioning algorithms in a typical office environment


This article presents the results of an analysis of self-representations formulated by 105 welfare recipients. These representations are discussed in light of conceptual and theoretical tools from the field of cultural studies. By doing so, alternative narratives to those commonly used in public and media discourse emerge to name, define, and problematize the experiences of welfare recipients in Quebec. The results identify the reasons leading to social assistance, the difficulties experienced by welfare recipients, as well as the economic strategies that they deploy on a daily basis. They also highlight the ability for creative autonomous action among welfare recipients and their complex relationships with social assistance and poverty. These self-representations of welfare recipients are contextualized within the framework of social assistance programs in effect in Quebec and by quantitative data on the profiles of recipients of these benefits.


This paper examines the evolution of the Finnish financial system from a restrictive system based on credit limitations and rationing to an open system which relies on indirect, market-oriented policies. The main beneficiaries are found to be the banks and those that previously had restricted access to bank credit. Two major remaining problems are the anti-savings biases associated with the generous tax treatment of household interest payments and the cartel-like system used in providing tax-free deposits to households. The paper also challenges the argument that the reform caused a loss of monetary autonomy.


How did the floods of 2008 and other coincidental natural disasters affect the well being of Iowa's households, businesses, and the governments they depend on? State of Iowa officials have diligently compiled descriptions of the damages and counts of the commercial and household victims, the value of the losses, to the degree they were reported, and the broad array of public costs that have been allocated in response to the floods of 2008. Notwithstanding the detailed quantification of the disaster consequences, there is still no one number that describes the full impact of the events of 2008 for the state's economy, nor should readers expect one. This research seeks to fill some of the gaps in understanding the local, regional, and statewide economic consequences of the disasters of 2008. In this report we evaluate sets of population, unemployment, employment, business firms, and trade patterns over time in an attempt to discern the household consumption and business productivity disruptions caused by the weather disasters of 2008.


Workers in ceramics factories may be exposed to a number of potential toxicants beside quartz, including iron. Both quartz and Fe-bearing phases can undergo chemico-physical changes in the cycle of production which can change their toxicity. In this paper, the nature and properties of quartz and Fe-bearing minerals in clay brick and pottery productions, their modifications in the progress of production and the possible mutual interactions between them have been evaluated by means of integrated individual particle characterisation-bulk chemical analyses of both the raw materials and the airborne dust particles. The results show a combination of critical points such as the relative abundance and solubility of Fe-bearing clay minerals (mainly chlorite) as a source of iron, provided the similar morphology and exposure doses of quartz in the studied ceramics contexts.


Stochastic models based on Gibbs distribution, well-known in statistical physics, remain scantily explored in information applications. This statement is of concern for the description of signals (messages, parasites), having a Gauss distribution. Therefore, the establishment of connections between Gibbs and traditional Markov expositions of signals is of interest, because it will allow us to combine the virtues of Gibbs and traditional expositions of Markov processes.


Extension professionals want to use the Web for conducting surveys, but studies show using the Web alone introduces significant bias. The study reported here compared strategies for obtaining responses that might minimize cost and bias. E-mail and postal invitations to the Web-hosted survey version were compared to the postal mail-only standard. The response rate was highest when using an e-mailed invitation, followed by the traditional mail-only mode and the postal invitation/Web-hosted mode. It appears the best strategy for minimizing the cost of collecting data and maximizing representativeness is to use e-mail invitations when available and postal mail for those without e-mail.


Aiming at the loss of angle information and detection accuracy of traditional radar system, the paper puts forward the Network Radar Countermeasure System active, passive and integrated anti-stealth detection model. The model, which is based on single-bistatic equivalent principle and simplification model of RCS, combines the advantages of bistatic radar, netted radar, MIMO radar, passive radar, etc. Moreover, according to the detected information from the active and passive operating mode, the relationship between signal to noise ratio and detection probability are obtained. And the ROC curve of three modes can be gotten at the same time. The experiments and simulation results show that the performance of NRCS non-coherent pulse accumulation detection is better than that of single pulse detection and the performance of network radar countermeasure system is better than traditional radar detection model. Not only that, the integrated mode performs better than that of active and passive mode works alone.