SUMMARY Probabilistic range query is an important type of query in the area of uncertain data management. A probabilistic range query returns all the data objects within a specific range from the query object with a probability no less than a given threshold. In this paper, we assume that each uncertain object stored in the database is associated with a multi-dimensional Gaussian distribution, which describes the probability distribution that the object appears in the multi-dimensional space. A query object is either a certain object or an uncertain object modeled by a Gaussian distribution. We propose several filtering techniques and an R-tree- based index to e ffi ciently support probabilistic range queries over Gaussian objects. Extensive experiments on real data demonstrate the e ffi ciency of our proposed approach.


: In Japan, interest in local brands of agricultural products as a means of rural development is raising rapidly. If the brand fulfills to have the premium price and avoid price competition that brand to contribute to the stabilizing and increasing of farmer's income. In addition, if it is possible to have a strong local brand, diversification and the entry of companies aimed at the brand extension, which brought the industrial activity of the rural areas can also be expected. However, simply having a brand element, in order that it is not possible to get the brand effects, appropriate management and brand strategy will be required. Therefore, in this paper, along with the actual situation of the regional brand strategy of agricultural products, several issues related to brand management been cleared. First, brand strategy is restricted by the image and awareness of the locality because the local brand of agricultural products is hard to achieve differentiation in quality. Secondly, with regard to brand equity measurement, brand value based on cost-benefit analysis is not certificated sufficiently compared to the interest in brand power in marketing. Thirdly, the willingness to brand extension by the entry of companies and diversification had not been examined, thus management of the right to use the brand is focused on control for the protection of the identity of the brand.


Two germinated wheat varieties, Zhengmai 366 and Aikang 58, were stored under relative humidity of 70% and temperatures of 25°C and 30°C, respectively. The successive change of moisture content, germination rate, respiration and microbial activity was determined to assess the storage safety of germinated wheat during moisture absorption. Results showed that the germinated wheat absorbed moisture to the equilibrium level within 5d in the early stored period. The equilibrium moisture at 25°C was higher than at 30°C. The budded wheat exhibited higher germination rate, however, the percentage decreased distinctly as the stored period extended. The microbial activities enhanced greatly in the course of moisture absorption, when moisture equilibrium, the microbial activities dropped continuously as the stored period prolonged. Under the tested temperature, the respiration intensity of germinated wheat with 12% moisture content was weaker, whereas the wheat with 14.5% moisture content represented greater respiration than the former, and the respiration at 30°Cwas observed higher than at 25°C.


The anodic potentiodynamic polarization behavior of various grades of cold-worked (rolling and machining) austenitic stainless steels were studied. Deformed specimens were characterized by Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-imaging. The FTIR-imaging was used to quantify chromium oxide (Cr2O3) spectra. It was observed, average area under Cr2O3 spectra was decreased with increase in cold -working. The certain regions in deformed microstructure showed higher value of area under Cr2O3 spectra, indicated stability of passivation film that needs to be explored. There was no microstructurally different between machined specimens.


No relationship was found between the abilities of a series of xanthine derivatives to increase twitch tension of directly stimulated rat hemidiaphragms and their abilities to inhibit hydrolysis in vitro of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP or to change tissue levels of these cyclic nucleotides. The order of potency of the agents to increase twitch tension by 20% did not resemble the order of potency to inhibit either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP hydrolysis. Further, a wide range of twitch tension responses was observed when agents were applied at concentrations that were five times those required for 50% inhibition of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP hydrolysis. At concentrations that caused 20% increases in twitch tension, two of the agents were found to cause no significant changes in the tissue levels of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP while two other agents caused significant increases in levels of both cyclic nucleotides. On the other hand, two agents that caused similar increases in cyclic AMP levels and no significant changes in cyclic GMP levels caused very different tension responses. Thus, under the conditions of this study, cyclic nucleotide metabolism does not appear to be involved in the mechanism of action of xanthines to increase twitch tension of rat diaphragms.


This paper proposes a stock electronic commerce(EC) system based on short message system(SMS) of Public Switched Telephone Network(PSTN).The system expands frame and protocol of the SMS of PSTN in order to meet the needs of stock jobbing: adding exchange module of Chinese Terminal Service Interface(CTSI) server,operation exchange gateway and specialized content provider(CP) system.These expansion satisfies the real-time requirment of stock jobbing.To ensure security of the exchange,the EC system adopts measures of terminal ID distinguishability,3DES encryption and exclusive serial number.The paper makes a detailed description of system frame,physical topology,system function and security design,including analysis of the merit and disadvantage of applications.


Happy hypoxemia is a clinical condition that is baffling the physicians world over during this COVID 19 pandemic, which manifests with little or no dyspnoea in the presence of severe hypoxemia Many mechanisms have been put forth to explain this paradoxical phenomenon This article revisits some of the basic physiological concepts in respiratory physiology Carbon dioxide is the primary controller of chemical regulation of respiration, not the oxygen as the body has mechanisms to withstand wide fluctuations in blood oxygen level Hypercapnia is a late manifestation when compared to hypoxia in conditions where diffusion of respiratory gases is impaired, like in acute respiratory distress syndrome that often complicates severe COVID 19 cases New findings suggest an additional role of carbon dioxide in the pathogenesis of dyspnoea, through its contribution to the development of pulmonary edema [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of International Archives of Integrated Medicine is the property of International Archives of Integrated Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


Abstract In today's competitive environment strongly influenced by increasingly new issues and perspectives, entrepreneurial business firms must be focused on leadership team-building. The purpose of this treatise is to present a conceptual case-based analysis of this team-building process, focusing on the importance of leadership styles within an entrepreneurship. Team-building implies mentoring and enhancement whereby members of a leadership team aze nurtured and developed in important ways. A key element of this process is the paradigm of individual leadership styles represented in the team which, in turn, reflects the many different ways by which the individuals involved behave, communicate, adjust, and respond to each other. Two interactive dimensions at the heart of an individual's behavior assertiveness and responsiveness are foundations of that person's leadership style. The basic interactive dimensions of assertiveness and responsiveness thereby form the two axes of the framework of the leadership styles paradigm, the four primazy quadrants of which represent the four styles Analyzer, Director, Creator and Connector. Having identified these four basic leadership styles, this analysis then focuses on the case situation within which the strengths and weaknesses of each of the styles are identified, communication preferences aze discussed, primary backup styles that come into focus due to high levels of stress are analyzed, and the all-important skill of style flex is described. It is not enough just to understand a person's leadership style or the style of others in an entrepreneurial leadership team; one must also seek to adapt the skills of style flex that can enable the pazties to function in a mutually beneficial situation congruent with the needs of the individuals and the organization. These dimensions are illustrated in association with the case of MedTech, Inc. (a pseudonym), along with observations relating to the authors' experiences in several other arenas that have been encountered in entrepreneurial consulting activities.


Endometriosis causes severe pain and infertility affecting quality of life. According to ASRM it is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires life-long management plan and surgery has to be restricted only once in the life time of the patient. Earlier, the diagnosis of endometriosis was confirmed by surgical method and histo-pathological examination. There is often a diagnostic delay up to 7 years or even beyond, which will affect the patients getting earlier treatment. Recently, lot of non-invasive techniques for diagnosis of endometriosis have come into vogue so that, treatment can be planned without surgical diagnosis. Apart from imaging through USG, CT or MRI, earlier lesions can be picked up by biomarkers like IL-6, IL-8, CA 125, HE4, neutrophil-lymphocytic ratio, Hs-CRP, Tumour necrosis alpha and mi RNA, neural elements in endometrium, glyco-proteins like CA-125, CA-19.9, CA-15.3, CA-73, AFP and CEA. Urocortin, activin and follistatin are growth factors and VEGF, TNF-alpha, NK cells, i-SCAM-I, MCP-1 are immunologic markers for diagnosis of endometriosis. Circulating endometrial cells are also present in the peripheral blood of patients. miRNA in endometriosis is found to be a potential biomarker in the recent years and also associated with altered vaginal microbiome. There has been up-regulation and down-regulation of certain miRNAs in endometriosis patients. In patients with symptoms of endometriosis, miRNA study in peripheral blood can be used as a biomarker for confirmation of diagnosis. There is a strong association between mitochondrial DNA variation and endometriosis which is found to be rational biomarkers.


This paper presents the first results of the geostructural and tectonophysical studies of the crustal stress state in the Catoca kimberlite pipe area at the southwestern flank of the Kasai Shield in the northeasternAngola. In the evolution of the crustal stress state, six main stages are distinguished by analyzing the displacements of markers, fold hinges, long axes of boudins, granite dikes of various intrusion phases and kimberlites, as well as fractures with striations. For each of these stages, a dominating horizontal tectonic stress and its orientation is identified. During stage 1 (NW extension and shearing) and at the beginning of stage 2 (NW compression), structures formed in the host rocks in brittle-plastic conditions. The replacement of plastic deformation by faulting could occur about 530–510 Ma ago, when the continental crust ofAfricahad completely formed. Stage 3 (radial, mainly NW extension) and stage 4 (shearing, NW extension, and NE compression) were the most important for kimberlite occurrence: in the Early Cretaceous, radial extension was replaced by shearing. Both stages are related to opening of the central segment of theSouth Atlantic. The main kimberlite magmas occurred during the break-up of the Angola-Brazilian segment of Gondwana. In the course of all the four stages, stress was mainly released by the NE- and E-NE-striking faults and, to a lesser extent, by the NW-striking and latitudinal faults. The initial stage of kimberlite magmatism is associated with the NE- and E-NE-striking faults due to the presence of the Precambrian zones of flow and schistosity, which facilitated the NW-trending subhorizontal extension. Stage 5 (NE compression) began in the second half of the Cretaceous and possibly lasted until the end of the Paleogene, and compression occurred mainly along the NW-striking faults. Regionally, it corresponds to two stages of inversion movements in the southern regions of Africa, during which theAngoladome-shaped uplift emerged and the shoulders of the East African rifts began to take shape. Stage 6 (horizontal extension, mainly in the N-NE direction) is related to the processes that took place in the southern segment of theTanganyikarift and the eastern coast of theAtlantic. Based on the results of our studies, it became for the first time possible to get an idea of the main stages in the evolution of the studied region. Further geostructural measurements and dating of the host rocks will provide for a more precise definition of the proposed stages.


Elastic fluid-filled pipeline system has been widely used in both life and military. It is of great significance for vibration and noise reduction of underwater vehicles to investigate the acoustic propagation characteristics of elastic fluid-filled pipeline system. The propagation path of low frequency noise in the pipeline is related to the radial dependence of the sound field in the pipeline. In this paper, the frequencies of normal waves in an elastic fluid-filled pipeline were calculated, and the axial and radial dependences of sound fields were analyzed. An experimental system for investigating acoustic propagation in a fluid-filled PE pipeline was constructed and verified the theoretical results. The cut-off frequencies of the normal waves and the radial dependence of the sound in the pipeline were carefully investigated. The results show that there is a sound cut-off phenomenon in the elastic fluid-filled pipeline; the radial dependence of the sound field in the pipeline conforms to the Bessel function law.Elastic fluid-filled pipeline system has been widely used in both life and military. It is of great significance for vibration and noise reduction of underwater vehicles to investigate the acoustic propagation characteristics of elastic fluid-filled pipeline system. The propagation path of low frequency noise in the pipeline is related to the radial dependence of the sound field in the pipeline. In this paper, the frequencies of normal waves in an elastic fluid-filled pipeline were calculated, and the axial and radial dependences of sound fields were analyzed. An experimental system for investigating acoustic propagation in a fluid-filled PE pipeline was constructed and verified the theoretical results. The cut-off frequencies of the normal waves and the radial dependence of the sound in the pipeline were carefully investigated. The results show that there is a sound cut-off phenomenon in the elastic fluid-filled pipeline; the radial dependence of the sound field in the pipeline conforms to the Bessel fun...


A dual shift fork structure is introduced. To this end, the present invention provides a sliding device, comprising: a sliding fork part for moving the sleeve using a pad member that contacts the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve; And a rotating fork portion that rotates at a predetermined angle with respect to the sliding fork portion so that the sleeve can be moved independently of the sliding fork portion while sharing the pad member to realize a speed change stage.


Glued Laminated Timber(Glulam) in Europe and North America has a long history.China has a long history of ancient wooden structures,but the development of modern glulam structure has only just begun.With the deeply rooted concept of environment protection and energy saving,glulam structure building is more and more getting the favour of people.This article describes the main properties of glulam,the development status at home and abroad,and analyzes its prospects in China.


In 2004 a large and exceptionally well preserved 300 million year old fossilised giant clubmoss plant was discovered in a newly exposed fossil forest site near Wrexham, north Wales. The location, a former steelworks that had operated for over 100 years, was being redeveloped as a heritage site and was subsequently designated as a SSSI so there was a desire to put the specimen on display locally. Cleaning, conserving and mounting the fossil for exhibition required specific bespoke solutions as the specimen was in 90 pieces, weighed almost a ton and stood 2.25 m tall with a root span of 3.5 m. Also, as the specimen was to be displayed in various locations and would have to be dismantled and transported, a modular mount able to be easily assembled and dissembled was required. This was made in sections from welded steel with lockable heavy duty wheels.


The invention relates to a movable device for milling of rail heads (15) in a bedding (13) disposed track rails (14), with a rotationally driven milling cutter head (2) mounted to the chassis comprising in a one Frasmesserkopfantrieb (3) and means for guiding of the milling cutter head (2) of the height and / or cooperates by side, the milling cutter head (2) comprising a set of cutterhead cutting edges (21 to 24) for milling of rail heads (15) whose profile is made up of nearly circular partial curves of different radii , each part arc on the running surface of the track rail (14) forms a track (# 1 to # 8) and the milling cutter head (2) has as many cutting edges, such as partial arcs or tracks (# 1 to # 8) of the respective rail head (2 ) are to be milled. According to the invention it is provided that each of a certain track (# 1 to # 8) of the rail head profile associated cutter head blades (21 to 24) offset in such a way under predetermined inclinations and / or laterally and / or amount to one another on the milling cutter head (2) are arranged such that the Fraswellung a certain track (# 1 to # 8) relative to the running direction by a predetermined angle (α) is inclined.


When data is uploaded from any means of data communication, data may be leaked or attacked. Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks are the most vulnerable types of attack found now days. It empowers aggressors to infuse customer side script into Web pages saw by different clients. By the help of this type of injection you can control the page by inserting, updating and modifying the data. SQL Injection attacks are easily possible in PHP, JSP and ASP interfaces. It is so because of the older function interface. In case of Java/J2EE and ASP. Net interface it is not so easy because of the programmable interfaces. The main hassles due to the attacks are: Confidentiality, Authentication, Authorization and Integration. If the website is data driven, SQL Injection attacks are easy to employ. So due to the above characteristics controlling the attacks parameters are essential. Our paper main aim is to prevent and detect different types of attack. So for this means analysis and study has been presented.


An important aspect of the increasing dominance of English in the "expanding circle" is its effect on other languages. The influence of English on other languages has given rise to much heated debate. What happens to other languages if English comes to dominate the linguistic scene? English has spread into and partly taken over domains such as popular music and entertainment, fashion, sports, advertising and trade. Massive borrowing has taken place on all levels of languge. The rise of English has resulted in a concern with issues such as the loss of particular domains and the maintenance and preservation of the domestic language. As one contributor to this volume suggests with regard to the language situation in the Scandinavian countries, "language death in Scandinavia should by no means be ruled out" (Gottlieb).


The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy and the Institution of Mining Engineers organized the Third International Mine Ventilation Congress held in Harrogate England. Sixty-one papers were presented and about 300 participants registered. About 30% of the participants came from Great Britain, 20% from South Africa and about 5% each came from Australia, Canada, China, France, US, and West Germany. The remainder of the participants came from 18 other countries. Eleven of the papers presented dealt with methane, three with diesel exhausts, four with dust, four with radioactivity, 18 with heat, and 15 dealt with main and auxiliary ventilation. Six of the papers dealt with mine fires, which is a boundary region between main ventilation and gas concerns.


In this study we investigated the effect of cannabinoids on [3H]glutamate release from hippocampal synaptosomes of rat and CB1‐null mutant mouse. In the rat, cannabinoid receptor agonists, i.e. CP55,940 (EC50, 0.84 μm), WIN55,212‐2 (EC50, 3.47 μm), ACEA (EC50, 17.8 μm), and R‐(+)‐methanandamide (EC50, 19.8 μm) concentration‐dependently inhibited the 25‐mm‐K+ depolarization‐evoked release of [3H]glutamate and, among them, WIN55,212‐2 displayed the greatest efficacy. The CB1 receptor antagonists SR141716A (1–5 μm) and AM251 (1 μm) and the VR1 vanilloid receptor antagonist capsazepine (10 μm) did not antagonize the effect of the agonists. SR141716A by itself attenuated the evoked [3H]glutamate release. WIN55,212‐2 inhibited the release of [3H]glutamate in \mathrm{CB}^{\,‐/‐\,}_{1} mice as well. These data demonstrate that the action of cannabinoids on glutamate release in the hippocampus is pharmacologically distinct and independent from the cloned CB1 receptor.


━━ Background. Driver gene mutations, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations, and immune escape mechanisms, including the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway, have attracted attention as therapeutic targets for lung cancer. Case. A 57-year-old man was found to have a 35-mm mass in the right upper lobe, a 17-mm nodule in the right lower lobe, and swollen supraclavicular and mediastinal lymph nodes. A mediastinal lymph node biopsy led to the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma (cT4N3M0: Stage IIIC), which arose from the right upper lobe. The tumor was EGFR gene mutation (exon21 L858R)-positive and PD-L1-negative. After the initiation of afatinib treatment, the tumor in the right lower lobe and supraclavicular and mediastinal lymph nodes shrank; however, the tumor in the right upper lobe continued to grow. Another biopsy from the tumor in the right upper lobe revealed adenocarcinoma that was EGFR gene mutation-negative and PD-L1-positive (90%). Subsequently, the tumor in the right upper lobe was diagnosed as lung adenocarcinoma (cT2aN0M0: Stage IB), with strong PD-L1 positivity but no EGFR gene mutation. In contrast, the tumor in the right lower lobe was lung adenocarcinoma (cT1aN3M0: Stage IIIC), with an EGFR gene mutation (exon21 L858R) but no expression of PD-L1. This led to the diagnosis of multiple lung cancers. Conclusion. In cases in which multiple tumor sites show heterogeneous treatment responses, it is advisable to collect as many pathological specimens as possible in consideration of the possibility of multiple cancers or transformation. (JJLC. 2018;58:984-988) KEY WORDS━━ EGFR, PD-L1, Multiple primary lung cancers Corresponding author: Yasuyuki Hayashi. Received August 21, 2018; accepted October 2, 2018. 要旨━━背景.肺癌領域において EGFR遺伝子変異に 代表されるドライバー遺伝子変異や,PD-L1を介した免 疫逃避機構が注目されている.症例.57歳,男性.右上 葉の 35 mm大の腫瘤,右下葉の 17 mm大の結節,鎖骨上 窩と縦隔の多発リンパ節腫大を認め,縦隔リンパ節から 生検を行い右上葉原発の肺腺癌 cT4N3M0 Stage IIIC (EGFR exon21 L858R陽性,PD-L1陰性)と診断した.ア ファチニブ内服を開始したところ右下葉の腫瘍と鎖骨上 窩や縦隔のリンパ節は縮小した一方,右上葉の腫瘍は増 大を続けた.右上葉の腫瘍から生検を行った結果,再び 腺癌が検出されたが EGFR遺伝子変異は陰性で PD-L1 が 90%陽性であった.右上葉腫瘍は肺腺癌 cT2aN0M0 Stage IB(EGFR遺伝子変異陰性,PD-L1強陽性),右下 葉腫瘍は肺腺癌 cT1aN3M0 Stage IIIC(EGFR exon21 L858R陽性,PD-L1陰性)という,多発肺癌と診断した. 結論.複数の病変の間で治療に対する反応性が異なる場 合,多発癌や形質転換などを考慮して積極的に病理組織 を採取することが望ましい. 索引用語━━ EGFR,PD-L1,多発肺癌 1京都桂病院呼吸器センター呼吸器内科. 論文責任者:林 康之. 受付日:2018年 8月 21日,採択日:2018年 10月 2日. (肺癌.2018;58:984-988) 2018 The Japan Lung Cancer Society Multiple Primary Lung Cancers―Hayashi et al Japanese Journal of Lung Cancer―Vol 58, No 7, Dec 20, 2018―www.haigan.gr.jp 985 Figure 1. Chest X-ray obtained at the initial visit. A mass shadow contacting the mediastinum was detected in the right upper lung field. はじめに 非小細胞肺癌の薬物治療において,epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)遺伝子変異や anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)融合遺伝子を代表とするドライ バー遺伝子変異が報告され,それら遺伝子変異をター ゲットとする阻害薬が広く使用されるようになった.一 方で programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)は免疫逃避機 構として働き,その発現率が治療効果を予測する因子に なることが指摘されている.今回我々は,EGFR遺伝子変 異陽性で PD-L1陰性の肺癌と EGFR遺伝子変異陰性で PD-L1陽性の肺癌を合併した 1例を経験した.同様の症 例は検索しうる限り報告がなく,稀な 1例と考えたため 文献的考察を含めて報告する.


Some of the fundamental activities of the software development process are related to the discipline of Requirements Engineering. Their objectives are to discover, analyze, document, and verify the system's requirements. The requirements are the conditions or capabilities that software needs to have or fulfill to meet its users' needs, and problems in its identification can mean the failure of a software project. This study is part of the research that is being developed to propose a model based on Knowledge Organization Systems to be used in the Requirements engineering process. This article aims to present the results of an analysis on a set of Knowledge Organization Systems to identify whether they are likely to be applied in the Requirements engineering process and identify at which stage of this process each one of them can be implemented. The Knowledge Organization Systems analyzed were the authority files, gazetteers, glossaries, subject headings, classification systems, thesauri, semantic networks, and ontologies. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the Knowledge Organization Systems analyzed can be used in the Requirements engineering process and, consequently, contribute to increasing the software requirements' quality.


of the international standard is good, but it depends on definitions of purchase accounting that are determined by other international standards. The SEC has proposed to use IAS 7 because it can stand alone. You do not need to refer to any other standard to determine what ought to show up on the cash flow statement. From the SEC's perspective, it is the quality of the information that the international accounting standards produce that will determine how usable they are. The SEC has spent a lot of resources and time working with IASC and IOSCO. The Commission really believes that international standards have the potential to lower costs for issuers by allowing the same financial statements to be used worldwide. The SEC also believes that international standards have the potential to lower costs for investors because people will be reporting information on a comparable basis around the world. Mr. WAITZER: I do not disagree with anything just said. When I spoke to process, as I said, I think the market will dictate appropriate standards. There was a tremendous resistance initially to Canadian issuers reconciling to U.S. GAAP in order to get access to the U.S. market. Although there has been an ongoing discussion about dropping the reconciliation requirements under MJDS, what is interesting to me is that, over time, the demand for that, amongst Canadian issuers, has fallen away. They are used to reconciling. Some of them will even acknowledge that it may have some merit. What we are struggling With are the pitfalls presented by the tyranny of unanimity. Indeed, the logjams in the international standards-setting process can disappoint expectations and frustrate people. I was suggesting focusing on process and on noncoercive but appropriate market-driven standards. Those who want to adopt them will, and those who do not, will not. Over time, there should be a congruence between the level of standards you are describing and the demand for appropriate information among investors.


The experiment KEK-PS E325 measured e+e− and K+K− pairs produced in 12 GeV p + A reactions, in order to search for in-medium modification of vector mesons. In the e+e− spectra, a significant excess on the low-mass side of the ϕ-meson peak is observed in the very low βγ (= p/m) region of the copper target data. On the other hand when the velocity of ϕ mesons is higher or a smaller target, carbon, is employed, the observed ϕ-meson shapes are consistent with the expected shape in vacuum, both in the e+e− and K+K− spectra. We have also compared the nuclear mass number dependence of ϕ-meson production between the e+e− and K+K− decay channels. Using these results, the first experimental limits are obtained for in-medium broadening of the partial decay widths.


Abstract A set E of edges of a graph G is said to be a dominating set of edges if every edge of G either belongs to E or is adjacent to an edge of E. If the subgraph 〈E〉 induced by E is a trail T, then T is called a dominating trail of G. Dominating circuits are defined analogously. A sufficient condition is given for a graph to possess a spanning (and thus dominating) circuit and a sufficient condition is given for a graph to possess a spanning (and thus dominating) trail between each pair of distinct vertices. The line graph L(G) of a graph G is defined to be that graph whose vertex set can be put in one-to-one correspondence with the edge set of G in such a way that two vertices of L(G) are adjacent if and only if the corresponding edges of G are adjacent. The existence of dominating trails and circuits is employed to present results on line graphs and second iterated line graphs, respectively.


The purpose of the present study was investigate the antihyperlipidemic effect of Hawthorn berries ( Crataegus oxycantha ) after oral administration of crude extract in lab animals (albino rabbits), as well as to report the chemical analysis findings relating to major bioactive compounds (flavonoids and procyanidins) present in the species of C. oxycantha available in Pakistan. Albino rabbits were made hyperlipidemic by feeding an atherogenic diet formulation. The antihyperlipidemic test was carried out at one dose level, 100 mg / kg body weight. Blood samples were obtained from the animals of both groups (pl define groups briefly here also ) before starting the experiment (for initial value), after feeding atherogenic diet for 30 days and then at 20, 40 and 60 days of the treatment. Both biochemical - alkaline phosphatase, SGPT (ALT) and SGOT (AST) and lipid profile - total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and Triglycerides were studied. The quantitative analysis of the bioactive compounds (Flavonoids and Procyanidins) of C. oxycantha (berries) was also performed (by using ultrasonic and classical maceration method). Promising antihyperlipidemic effect of Hawthorn berries was observed in lab animals. Significant reduction was noted in triglyceride, (upto 57.75%), total cholesterol, (71.33%) and LDL (84.03%), as compared to …………., while no difference recorded in the HDL profile between test and control group. All twelve subjects completed the study. No mortality was observed.


Recently, bioabsorbable vascular stents (BVSs) are actively studied owing to their ability to dissolve within the human body. However, despite their advantages, BVSs often dislodge from the expandable balloon‐based delivery system when transported to the lesion site. In this study, a novel methodology aiming at increasing the retention force between the stent and the delivery system is presented. The breath‐figure method is adopted to form a porous structure and enhance adhesion. Additionally, numerical and experimental methods are used to evaluate the effect of surface tension between two immiscible fluids (polymeric solutions and droplets). To control the interfacial tension between the solution and droplets, an amphiphilic polymer and NaCl‐added vapor are used. By selecting the appropriate parameters, a sponge‐like structure is prepared on the stent delivery system. To verify its applicability, the two types of structures presented in this study are experimentally compared. These findings provide valuable guidelines for understanding the mechanism of breath‐figure patterns. Thus, the innovative methodology developed in this study demonstrates simplicity and scalability for large‐area production, making it potentially applicable to industrial technologies and offering new insights into biomedical engineering.


T he Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), comprising the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and the overland Silk Road Economic Belt, involves 65 countries and approximately $900 billion in planned investments around the world.1 As of 2016, this global umbrella of investment had drawn 847,000 Chinese nationals to work abroad in over 16,000 companies.2 BRI has expanded into countries with new or long-standing security problems, including violent conflict, political instability, and transnational terrorism. The risks associated with working in unstable countries and regions have already resulted in Chinese casualties.3 Not only are Chinese companies and nationals a target for terrorist or separatist-fueled violence, but BRI also has the potential to exacerbate local, regional, or national security issues in the countries through which it passes. Expensive projects can lead to substantial debt in host countries and create opportunities for corruption where transparency is lacking at the national level. Low social and environmental standards can also fuel tensions within local communities, causing anti-Chinese pushback against BRI, as seen in Pakistan, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka. The case for the Chinese government to secure its companies and citizens working abroad is thus a compelling one from Beijing's perspective. Beijing has had to calculate whether to employ national military resources, the People's Liberation Army (PLA), or other means to do so. Although China has experience in utilizing military and paramilitary forces for national security in its domestic context—against separatist movements


The effect of a communicator's physical attractiveness on opinion change was investigated by presenting male and female subjects with a tape recorded persuasive communication during which time a photograph of a man identified as the speaker was projected onto a screen. Three groups of subjects listened to the communication, with one group shown only a photograph of an attractive communicator, one group shown only a photograph of an unattractive communicator, and one group shown no photograph at all. Two additional groups of subjects did not listen to the communications, but filled out the post-communication questionnaire only; one group filled out the questionnaire in the presence of the photograph of the attractive speaker, and the other group in the presence of the photograph of the unattractive speaker. Attractive male communicators were more persuasive that unattractive male or unpictured communicators. This effect was independent of differences in perceived expertness or trustworthiness of the communicator. Explanations in terms of distraction, contiguous pleasure, and liking are discussed.


With a brief introduction on the definition and composition of capital,combining with current domestic financial status,the paper explores how to strengthen economic capital management and improve operation management level,and puts forward some suggestions,such as enhancing recognition,rationally occupying the capital,strengthening examination and accurately measurement monitoring,so as to realize sustainable development under new era.


PURPOSE: A system and a method for checking the state of a rotor are provided to enable the state information or moving situation of a stationary target using a position synchronizing signal and/or a rotating speed synchronizing signal. CONSTITUTION: A system(1) for checking the state of a rotor comprises a position sensor(20), a controller(30), a camera system, and a rotating speed synchronizing signal generator(51). The position sensor senses the specific position of a rotator(10) and generates a corresponding position synchronizing signal. The controller determines the position of a target existing on the rotor based on the position synchronizing signal. The controller generates an image taking control signal corresponding to the determined position. The camera system takes an image of the target existing on the rotor based on the image taking control signal. A rotating speed synchronizing signal with a frequency proportional to the rotating speed of the rotor is generated.


This paper discusses the cement industry in South America which is taken to be the countries south of Panama. As well as giving technical details, production figures, equipment and plant descriptions, this paper also includes other topics that perhaps give a better and broader idea of what drives the industry's activities in this area. This information includes industry utilisation, export and import flows and new projects, cement groups in Latin America, and structural reforms in Latin America.


The semantics of prepositions have special connotations according to the verb followed. It is known that prepositions can reverse the meaning of the verb to the other. The verb becomes more than one meaning because of the different connotation of the preposition by the verb. This research aims to study the semantics of verbs related to prepositions and to highlight the eloquence of the Holy Quran in the diversity of its infringement of the single verb in various prepositions through the study of Alusi interpretation. The method used is a stylistic approach, where researcher collected some verbs related to preposition i. e. adzina-a>mana-kharaja-h}amala-fa'ala, then analyzed objectively with the extrapolation of the aesthetics of their connotations and suggestions and compare Alusi's views in his interpretation with former and modern scholars' interpretations. The result showed that Alusi had both same and different views with former and modern scholars regarding the effect of preposition to the verbs' meaning.


Abstract : Electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization studies have been carried out for a variety of ferrous and nonferrous metals in methylphosphonic difluoride. Studies of the effect of organic inhibitors on the corrosion rate of 1020 steel, 316 and 304 stainless steel and magnesium in methylphosphonic difluoride were also carried out. In addition, electrochemical studies were conducted in Decon solutions of sodium carbonate, DS2, and STB. General corrosion rates are reported for ferrous alloys, titanium, aluminum alloys, magnesium, and two metal-matrix composites in full strength and diluted Decon solutions. Keywords: Corrosion resistant alloys.


T hird-generation cephalosporins (e.g., cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) were introduced into clinical practice during the 1980s.' The advantages of these agents include their broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and increased ,B-lactamase stability. Strains of Klebsiella and Escherichia coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins because of the production of plasmidmediated broad-spectrum ,B-lactamases have been reported from western Europe and the United States2-5 but not previously from Canada. We report a fatal infection due to K pneumoniae highly resistant to ceftazidime in a neutropenic patient.


The C-N coating can provide outstanding performance on the surface of spur gear. SCM415 specimens and test gears with steel surface were treated with carbon nitrogen by the plasma source ion implantation (PSII) method. The composition and structure of the surface layer were analyzed and compared with that of PVD coated TiN layer. It was found that both of friction coefficients of C-N coating decreased with the increase of load, however, C-N coating showed relatively lower friction coefficient than that of TiN coating. The effect of C-N coating was investigated on hardness, friction and wear. The TiN coated gear showed a more serious friction phenomenon than that of C-N coated gear. It was considered that coating of TiN, which was conducted at a vacuum chamber at about 500°C, resulted in a tempering of base material that caused microstructure change, which in turn resulted in decreasing of hardness, the C-N coated gear and pinion had higher wear resistance than that of TiN coated gear and pinion. C-N coating significantly improved the friction and wear resistance of gears.


Because of the discovery of interior-point methods and the important application of semi-definite programming in cybernetics,combinatorial optimization,statistics,etc.,semi-definite programming has been the most active one in optimization areas in recent years.Nevertheless,it is hard to accurately describe the objective function and constraints of many practical problems,therefore,it is necessary to introduce fuzzy set theory into semi-definite programming,then proceed to obtain the optimal solution of the problem by solving fuzzy semi-definite programming.


Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) have been emerging in the last years and they are gaining an increased popularity in many industries. HMDs are generally used in entertainment, social interaction, education, but their use for work is also increasing in domains such as medicine, modeling and simulation. Despite the recent release of many types of HMDs, two major problems are hindering their widespread adoption in the mainstream market: the extremely high costs and the user experience issues [1]. The illusion of a 3D display in HMDs is achieved with a technique called stereoscopy. Applications of stereoscopic imagining are such that data transfer rates and—in mobile applications—storage quickly become a bottleneck. Therefore, efficient image compression techniques are required. Standard image compression techniques are not suitable for stereoscopic images due to the discrete differences that occur between the compressed and uncompressed images. The issue is that the loss in lossy image compression may blur the minute differences between the left-eye and right-eye images that are crucial in establishing the illusion of 3D perception. However, in order to achieve more efficient coding, there are various coding techniques that can be adapted to stereoscopic images. Stereo image compression techniques that can be found in the literature utilize discrete Wavelet transformation and the morphological compression algorithm applied to the transform coefficients. This paper provides an overview and comparison of available techniques for the compression of stereoscopic images, as there is still no technique that is accepted as best for all criteria. We want to test the techniques with users who would actually be potential users of HMDs and therefore would be exposed to these techniques. Also, we focused our research on low-priced, consumer grade HMDs which should be available for larger population.


Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a common cause of blindness. Despite its clinical relevance, the role of inherited thrombophilia in RVO is controversial (Janssen MC et al., Thrombosis and Haemostasis2005; 93). Although many authors consider more important the role of anatomical conditions of lamina cribrosa rather than hypercoagulability in pathogenesis of this disease, the use of antithrombotic drugs for treatment of RVO is widespread (Prisco D et al., Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis2002;32). To evaluate the most important thrombotic risk factors, we collected the data of 80 consecutive patients referred to our Centers for a RVO confirmed by fluoroangiography. Our cohort includes 39 women and 41 men with median age of 66 years; we observed 42 central retinal vein occlusions (CRVO) and 38 branch retinal vein occlusions (BRVO) from March 2002 to July 2005. We collected the following data about cardiovascular risk factors: the prevalence of arterial hypertension was 47,5% (38/80), dyslipidemia 22.5% (18/80), obesity 7.5% (6/80), diabetes mellitus 10% (8/80). Forty-four patients (55%) demonstrated one or more atherosclerotic risk factors. The prevalence of acquired conditions did not show any statistical difference between CRVO and BRVO patients. Moreover we tested fasting homocysteine in 60 patients detecting hyperhomocysteine (defined as a value of homocysteine above 95° percentile of laboratory control group) in 19 cases (31%). Only one patient showed Lupus Anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody positivity. Moreover we registered a CRVO during tamoxifen treatment and another one during hormonal therapy. When we considered venous thrombophilia (hormonal therapy, neoplasia, immobilization, surgery, hyperhomocysteine, LAC) we found 25 patients (31.3%) having one or more acquired thrombotic risk factors. Besides, all patients were tested for: antithrombin III, protein C and protein S, activated protein C resistance, factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A. We found the presence of genetic trombophilia in 14 patients (17,5%): nine patients had protein S deficit; five had prothrombin gene mutation and one patient had factor V Leiden and one had factor XII deficit (two patients had multiple defects). Results of our survey confirme that acquired risk factors have a more relevant role that genetic thrombophilia in OVR. To draw a conclusion, extensive screening of genetic thrombophilia is not cost-effective in RVO but detection of plasmatic homocysteine concentration can be useful because high frequency of hyperhomocysteine and the possibility of treatment with vitamin B12 and folic acid. Finally we are surprised to see high frequency of protein S deficit in our cohort.


The bachelor work deals with various methods of marketing for search engines and places them in the context of internet marketing. Description focuses on the use of keywords and backlinks in the methods of search engine optimization. The aim of this work is to verify the applicability of microsites for the promotion of commercial products and to apply optimization methods to the creation of websites.


In order to preserve for TL readers imagination space from personal pronoun default in clas-sical Chinese poetry,analyses,based on literature review and comparison,were made of its English translation principle of "impersonal view of universal things " and corresponding strategies: impersonal expression,figure of speech,noun phrase,non-finite verb,passive voice and interrogative sentence.The results show that it is necessary to reserve personal pronoun default in English translation of classical Chinese poetry because it bridges creation intention and reception consciousness.


This chapter discusses the history of the first black college established – The Institute for Colored Youth (ICY). The ICY would later be renamed Cheyney State University. Founded in 1837, the ICY became a critical staging ground for both the abolitionist movement and the early civil rights movement. With key players such as Ebenezer Bassett, Octavius Catto, and Fanny Jackson Coppin leading the school, the ICY set the template for how black educational institutions would create a pedagogy and praxis that encouraged and radicalized generations of youth to serve their communities as agents for change. Tragically, the most pivotal event of the school's early years was the assassination of its beloved teacher and alum Octavius Catto in 1871 who was murdered in the streets of Philadelphia after playing a critical role in organizing support for the 15th amendment.


The purpose of this study was to examine the safety and feasibility of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy for uteri weighing more than 500 g as compared to uteri weighing less than 500 g in benign gynecological diseases.


poet's eye to see, no adventure to be lived, where all is set for all and forever," says Joseph Campbell (1984, The Masks of God: Creative Mythology, New York: Penguin, 373). This phrase struck me as symbolic of what can go wrong with teaching: the classroom becomes a wasteland if there is no adventure to be lived, if "all is set for all and forever." Reforms are interesting because they can return a sense of adventure both to the classroom


The purpose of the paper is to briefly review some of the methods used to obtain aerosol bipolar charge distribution and to describe a novel instrument developed at Brunel University. The bipolar charge aerosol classifier (BCAC) is an improved version of the authors' previously published bipolar charge measurement system (2001), eliminating some of his technical limitations. The BCAC is dedicated for characterizing aerosols exiting in the form of short duration, high velocity plumes with a relatively wide angle of particle dispersion delivered from the dispensing device. The instrument incorporates a front-end cylindrical arrangement consisting of ten well-insulated sections. Each of these sections is comprised of a cylindrical capacitor with a coaxial wire electrode maintained at a DC potential. Experimental tests were carried out with unipolarly and bipolarly charged aerosols of narrow size distribution. The preliminary results show that proposed technique can be successfully utilized for obtaining not only bipolar charge aerosol fractions but also indicate electrical mobility distribution.


This paper analyzes the determinants of unsatisfying private investment growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) throughout the 1980s and 1990. In this period, private investment in MENA has on average shown a decreasing or stagnant trend in contrast to the rest of the world. This paper show empirically for a panel of 40 developing economies -among which five MENA countries -that in addition to the traditional determinants of investment -such as the growth anticipations and the real interest rate -government policies explain MENA's low investment rate. Insufficient structural reforms represented as poor financial development and deficient trade openness has been a crucial factor for the deficit in private capital formation. Economic uncertainties of the region have constituted major deterrent for firms to invest. High external debt burden and economic volatility arise as primary reasons for high uncertainty in the region. These findings provide new empirical evidences on the determinants of private investment in the developing world and in MENA countries in particular.


Studies on second-generation (2G) high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnets cooled by a cryogenic refrigerator are actively underway due to the recent rapid advancement in 2G HTS tape technology. To reduce the initial cooling time, lower the operating temperature, and promptly extract the hot spot of the conduction cooled 2G HTS magnet during quenching, the magnet's equivalent thermal conductivity should be high. In general, conventional 2G HTS tapes use a copper stabilizer wrapped with a low thermal conductivity polyimide electrical insulation tape. Ultimately, the low thermal conductivity of these conventional HTS magnets lengthens the cooling time, causing the magnet to burn out during quenching. In this paper, by replacing the copper stabilizer with an aluminum stabilizer and anodizing it for electrical insulation instead of using polyimide tape, the 2G HTS tape's equivalent thermal conductivity was largely improved. Based on the results of thermal analysis and tests, the thermal characteristics of a conventional 2G HTS tape are compared with those of the 2G HTS tape presented in this paper.


In their various forms and intricacy, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) have always been the main building blocks of socio-economic development and prosperity
throughout the history of mankind. Their successful applications have depended on, inter-alia, the rate of data and/or information flow, knowledge propagation and
utilisation among the various social entities. In modern societies, enhancements in data generation, storage, retrieval, dissemination and the related integration of global economies and societies are fast transforming the way we live and interact. The outcome has been the formation of a dynamic, globalised and information society
which, unfortunately, remains largely digitally divided. This paper focuses on addressing some of the continent's interlinked key issues relating to health, poverty and
the environment by exploiting data/information flow potentials. In particular, it highlights the fundamental requirements for a sustainable transformation of data into
knowledge that could readily be applied in improving the peoples' quality of life. Using a generic data sharing model, it illustrates data-driven decision making processes using large-dimensional stock trading, breast cancer and environmental data while emphasizing a multidisciplinary research approach in combating related issues.
The paper's main objectives include highlighting the influence of information flow on the development and prosperity of the African continent and identifying the framework for sustainable implementation of sharable data repositories and sources. In particular,it proposes rolling out the generic model through Knowledge Transfer Partnerships
(KTP) based on synergies between the private sector, academic and research institutions within and between countries. The paper's main outcomes include a
proposed implementation framework and setting the scene for the creation of decision support systems capable of addressing the key issues relating to human health and wellbeing, poverty and the environment. Potential future outcomes include integrating data resources into high performance cloud computing, grooming a community of young
African data scientists to grow and integrate into the mainstream global research networks as well as improving the peoples' overall quality of life.


Abstract The health and social benefits of volunteering behaviours by older adults are well acknowledged. However, few review articles have been concerned with the correlates/dimensions of older adults' volunteerism. Some focused only on the North American context or reviewed studies only up to 2008. This study reviewed the recent global literature in the past decade about the correlates of older adults' volunteerism. We carried out a literature search in PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts and Google Scholar to identify empirical journal publications about the correlates of older adults' (age 60+) volunteerism from 2008 to 2019. Among 112 initially eligible papers, 41 were selected. Findings were synthesised using the framework of the Socioecological Model. Existing studies mainly have used quantitative methodologies and were conducted within the context of a single Western country. Motivations included higher education, morale and mentality, previous experiences, social network, community cohesion and organisational management. Major barriers were health and financial constraints. Few studies focused on macro-level correlates. Irrelevant and confounding correlates were also discussed. We suggest practitioners recruit and retain older volunteers by identifying their needs and optimising management within the organisation. Policy makers should create a supportive environment and increase resource accessibility. Future research could conduct cross-cultural comparisons, use diverse methodologies and embrace more correlates, especially at the macro-level.


Often, the operation of these three types of provisions is inter-related, approval of a dealing in the requisite form being a pre-condition of the effective registration of the new titleholder or interest in the title. The reference to "dealings with mining titles under the Mining Act 1978" (the title to this article) can, therefore, be taken to include all three types of provisions relating to dealings.


The first clear description of the condition known as temporal arteritis appeared in the article on intracranial aneurysm by Schmidt (1930) ; he did not, however, recognize the condition present. The disease was first fully described by Horton, Magath, and Brown (1932). Since that time many cases have been recorded, and it has become clear that the term temporal arteritis is an inadequate one, for the disease consists of a widespread arteritis affecting predominantly the branches of the external and internal carotid vessels (Benard, Rambert, and Pestel, 1949), but in addition there has been evidence of arteritis elsewhere (Cooke, Cloake, Govan, and Colbeck, 1946; Cardell and Hanley, 1951). Nothing is known of the fundamental aetiology of the disease; that it is allied to polyarteritis nodosa seems likely, but the changes in the affected vessels are not identical: the condition runs a more benign course and tends to affect very much older subjects than the latter condition. The general course of the illness follows a fairly constant pattern. The subjects are usually elderlyaverage age 65 (Harrison, 1948)-and men and women are affected in approximately equal numbers. The onset is often insidious, with increasing malaise, mild fever, and pain in the head of variable intensity. When this pain is severe the slightest contact with the scalp at the site of pain may be unbearable, brushing or combing the hair may be very painful, and there may be pain on moving the jaw (Hoyt, Perera, and Kauvar, 1941; Benard et al., 1949). In an uncomplicated case the pain and tenderness gradually subside, usually over a period of many weeks, and the general constitutional disturbance likewise resolves. In a high proportion of cases, however, other manifestations appear, and it is often these complications that cause the patient first to seek medical advice. Ocular complications are common. Wagener (1946) found visual disturbance in 18 of 37 patients; Bruce (1950) reported ocular involvement in 34 of 84 patients. Unilateral or bilateral blindness is common and is usually of sudden onset. Isolated sector defects may appear in the field of vision of one eye; there may be ocular palsy. Vertigo has been reported (Cooke et al., 1946), there may be affection of the skin along the course of the temporal vessels, and small multiple ulcerative lesions of the nasal and buccal mucous membranes have been observed by Schweitzer and de Yong (1949). Laboratory tests give variable results: there is a fairly constant rise in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, there may be a slight polymorphonuclear leucocytosis, and an eosinophilia has been found by Hoyt et al. (1941). Biopsy of a section of thrombosed temporal artery confirms the diagnosis. The affected vessel shows marked intimal thickening; infiltration of the media with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and at times giant cells; fragmentation of the elastic lamina of the media; and a thrombus in the lumen of the vessel in a varying state of organization and recanalization. A description is here given of nine patients who suffered from temporal arteritis. It is of interest that all were country dwellers-an observation also made by Horton et al. (1932) and by Cohen and Harrison (1948). Case 1


Abstract : A chelating ion-exchange method was devised for the quantitative extraction of cobalt from relatively large volumes of seawater. This method was needed for the study of seawater corrosion of cobalt-based, SNAP-fuel encapsulant alloys. The method consists in passing the acidified seawater sample through a column of Chelex-100 ion-exchange resin, then eluting the cobalt from the column with 4N hydrochloric acid.


The main goal of the wastewa management consists in reducing the annual trying to supply the load demand using sources (RES) (such as photovoltaic panels cogeneration engine). Based on real case carried on design process of the stoch cogeneration engine for covering the optimization model is implemented to mi electricity costs. The model is tested on a ch each year season, under various load profi sources production.


BACKGROUND
Dengue is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease in humans and a major urban public health problem worldwide.

METHODS
A prospective cohort study of approximately 3800 children initially aged 2-9 years was established in Managua, Nicaragua, in 2004 to study the natural history of dengue transmission in an urban pediatric population. Blood samples from healthy subjects were collected annually prior to the dengue season, and identification of dengue cases occurred via enhanced passive surveillance at the study health center.

RESULTS
Over the first four years of the study, seroprevalence of anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibodies increased from 22%-40% in the 2-year-old cohort and 90%-95% in the 9-year-old cohort. The incidence of symptomatic dengue cases and the ratio of inapparent to symptomatic DENV infection varied substantially from year to year. The switch in dominant transmission from DENV-1 to DENV-2 was accompanied by an increase in disease severity but, paradoxically, a decrease in transmission. Phylogeographic analysis of full-length DENV-2 sequences revealed strong geographic clustering of dengue cases.

CONCLUSIONS
This large-scale cohort study of dengue in the Americas demonstrates year-to-year variation of dengue within a pediatric population, revealing expected patterns in transmission while highlighting the impact of interventions, climate, and viral evolution.


Abstract : Fords Lake Dam is located on Buttermilk Creek in Newton Township, Lackawanna County, one-half mile north of Schultzville, Pennsylvania. Purpose of Dam was for public fishing. The overall appearance of the dam is very poor. Deficiencies observed during the field inspection are illustrated on the General Plan. The profile and typical sections of the dam are presented and are based on field survey made the day of the inspection. On the inspection date (12/08/80), the lake level was at elevation 1146.8, about 0.2 foot below spillway crest. Pertinent features observed are shown in photographs.


The present invention provides nutrient solution culture system and using the method of nutrient solution cultivation, and nutrient solution culture with basin, the system can steadily improve fruit or fruit sugar, and by the root in the optimum range of temperature control, increase the amount of the annual harvest. Flows the system has: aqueduct of nutrient solution cultivation bed (1), set within the cultivation bed and grow to be several of the cultivation of the plant seedling cultivation basin (2), and to the cultivation bed supplies nutrient cycle of nutrient supply system, cultivation formation at the bottom of the bowl (2) the opening of the nutrient solution (3) by circulation, but not through plant roots of sheet parts (4) plug, nutrient solution circulation supply system has: the cycle of nutrient solution tank (7), can often submerged cultivation basin within the flow to the cultivation bed bottom tank pump (9) of nutrient supply cycle, the circulation tank nutrient solution in a predetermined temperature range temperature adjusting mechanism (19, 20), and make the circulation tank nutrient solution concentration change the concentration of the adjusting mechanism (12a, 12b, 17, 18).


Flame spray pyrolysis technology makes use of the high chemical activity of a flame. A metal salt aqueous solution is used as the material to be treated and is atomized into a furnace by high pressure spraying. The solvent in the sprayed minute liquid droplets evaporates, pyrolysis occurs, and then solid particles are generated. We focused on the spray pyrolysis method for preparation of LiMn2O4 for use as the positive poles of lithium-ion secondary batteries. We utilized a gas combustion system as the heat source that is characterized by the fact that its operation costs can be much less than that of conventional electric heating systems. On the other hand, in-flame treatment technology uses the high-temperature environment within a flame. In this method, the material to be treated, fine metal and ceramic powders, is introduced directly into an oxygen flame to be melted. The technology related to in-flame melting of silica, which has already been established, is a typical example of this type of technology, which is based on the principle that a material is melted within a flame and spheroidized as a result of its surface tension. Use of a fine powder as the material to be treated enables wide application of this technology.


Hyperspectral imaging can provide accurate information on the distribution of the chemical species in materials and biological samples, based on the analysis of their electronic and vibrational profiles. In special, confocal Raman microscopy is one of the best ways to access the chemical distribution of molecules, especially under resonance Raman or SERS conditions. On the other hand, enhanced dark field optical microscopy can be employed for hyperspectral imaging in the visible and near-IR region, while extending the optical resolution up to the nanoscale dimension. It allows the detection of gold or silver single nanoparticles, as well as spectral monitoring from the characteristic surface plasmon bands. These two hyperspectral microscopies can be conveniently combined to provide nanoscale electronic and vibrational information of the species present in a wide variety of chemical and biological systems. A case study focusing on the improvement of the classical spot-test analysis of nickel(II) ions with dithizone is here detailed. A great enhancement of sensitivity in the detection of nickel(II) ions, by at least 4 orders of magnitude, has been observed in this work. Hyperspectral measurements allowed the mapping of the gold nanoparticles (AuNP) distribution on cellulose fibers and on glass, and the evaluation of their extinction and SERS spectra for analytical purposes.


Pulse repetition interval (PRI) is an important parameter of signal modulation in Anti-Radiation radar systems. The accuracy directly affects the ability of target recognition and system attack. PRI transform algorithm has a high accuracy in PRI estimation and can well deinterleave some PRI jittered signals within a certain range. However, the algorithm cannot intuitively acquire and describe the PRI modulation characteristics and changing rule of complex signals. Traditional plane transform technology can show the characteristic curve on the plane. However, the width of the plane needs to be adjusted constantly for target display and cannot realize complete automatic deinterleaving, which leads to difficulties in engineering applications. To alleviate this suffering, a novel short-time PRI transform algorithm is suggested. It admits a combination of both advantages of the method of short-time windowing and PRI transform algorithm, to acquire the modulation information and changing characteristics of the target's PRI. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm is successful in deinterleaving and recognizing multi-targets for complex signal types besides accurately estimating the PRI center value in high pulse density environments. Moreover, the algorithm can obtain more PRI changing characteristics from two-dimensional images and, in this sense, the current method seems to be potential method in signal deinterleaving, and also paves a way for various future intelligent recognition applications.


The realization of low (TeV) scale strings usually requires the existence of large (TeV) extra dimensions where gauge bosons live. The direct production of Kaluza–Klein excitations of the photon and Z–boson at present and future colliders is studied in this work. At the LEPII, NLC and Tevatron colliders, these Kaluza–Klein modes lead to deviations from the standard model cross-sections, which provide lower bounds on their mass. At the LHC the corresponding resonances can be produced and decay on-shell, triggering a characteristic pattern in the distribution of dilepton invariant mass.


A theoretical model of a waveguide avalanche photodiode (WG-APD) for an InGaAs/InP with separate absorption, charge and multiplication (SACM) regions, is presented and its frequency response is surveyed. We studied the carrier velocity differences in the adjacent layers and we showed that there are some variations in the case of non equal carrier velocities for the frequency response of the structure. We also found that the same velocities are considered for all layers if we choose an appropriate thickness for different layers.


This study argues that research linking the contexts of remittance-sending with remittance-receiving is far more capable of capturing the complexity of remittances and its development dynamics. Focusing on the Singapore-Bangladesh remittance corridor, this study examines remittances in relation to remittance sending, receipt, use and control, and finally their potential for development. The findings suggest that recruitment fees, sources of arrangement of fees, earnings and savings affect the amount and frequency of remittances on the sending side. The study documents male domination in remittance receiving and attributes this to generational patterns of transfer–from sons to fathers or elder brothers. The recipients of remittances enjoy more privileges in the management of remittances. Remittances are invested in both physical and human capital formation and they help migrant workers and their families advance on the road to improved life chances.


Background: Substance abuse by medical students poses a significant risk not only on their personal life but also on their professional life by putting their patients at risk. Our study aims to find out the prevalence of substance abuse and factors associated with it among medical students. Methods: A descriptive, online-questionnaire based, cross-sectional study was carried out at Gandaki Medical College, a medical school in Gandaki Province of Nepal. Whole sampling technique was used. SPSS-25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for analyzing demographic and substance abuse related variables. Chi square and Fishers exact test was used to find out if any differences existed in substance abuse by demographic characteristics. Results: Among 420 eligible participants, 219 participated in the survey (response rate: 52.2%). Alcohol was the most commonly used substance with overall lifetime prevalence of 58% followed by cigarette smoking and illegal drug abuse at 21.9% and 13.7%, respectively. The abuse of substances was significantly higher (p<0.05) in males, who were offered substances by friends, and amongst study participants who worked with an intoxicated colleague. The most common reason for substance abuse was "For pleasure, curiosity or to go along with friends" (23%, n=18). Major and minor dysfunction due to alcohol abuse was reported by 8(3.7%) and 33(15.1%) participants, while the same dysfunctions due to drug abuse were reported by 1(0.5%) and 14(6.4%) participants, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of substance abuse was high among medical students and was found to be associated with male gender, if offer of substances were made by friends, and amongst those who worked with an intoxicated colleague. This problem of substance abuse among medical students should be addressed timely as failing Open Peer Review Reviewer Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Page 1 of 9 F1000Research 2021, 10:797 Last updated: 12 AUG 2021


The redesign of a web presence can be classified as both an IT investment and an ecommerce initiative. The empirical literature provides some evidence that the market is sensitive to e-commerce announcements via press releases, but it is not known what types of announcements affect the value of the firm. Our research examines the issue of web site redesign in commercial organizations by studying what kinds of organizations announce changes to their web presence, and by analyzing the value of such redesign initiatives for publicly traded firms. Using the event-study methodology, we investigate the effects of web site redesign announcements for a sample of press releases from 1995 to 1999. Our findings suggest that refining a web presence does not produce significant firm valuation adjustments. However, cross-sectional analyses reveal that web site redesign increases the value of service firms. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This document cannot be reproduced in any form without written permission from the authors. This research was funded in part by a PSC-CUNY Research Grant # 64554-00 33. The opinions expressed herein are solely those of the authors and not those of the sponsors of this project. The authors are very grateful to Mike Gallivan, Marios Koufaris, Hugo Levecq and Detmar Straub for their comments and suggestions and to May Li and William Hampton-Sosa for their research assistance.


Emile Bourdaret, the French engineer, arrived in Seoul in 1901 in the capacity of a railway technical adviser when the Korean Empire established the Northwest Railway Bureau to construct the Gyeonguiu Line. He lived in Korea about 4 years; his book, En Coree (1904), was based on his observations in those days. So, this article aims to follow the images of the late Chosun Dynasty as depicted in this book. For Bourdaret, the Chosun Dynasty was swayed by shaman: As such, poor Koreans are neither born, nor sick; neither get married, even nor die calmly without the shaman's help. Another noticeable Korean image was that any place where people lived was far from sanitary. Everyone led an unhealthy life in dirty and squalid environment. In this way, it was superstition and unsanitary living conditions in Korea that mostly attracted the author's attention. And he maintained that superstition, more than anything else, was the main cause by which the Chosun Dynasty sinks under 'the greed' of imperialist Powers. That is to say, according to him, superstition was the arch-enemy of this nation that blocked its 'normal development'. And the 'normal development' that he thought of was just a development in the wake of 'the Occidental model', 'Occidental theories', and 'the European system'. These terms imply the Western material civilization based on the Western rationalism. However, the author's attitude is nothing but his prejudice that his own development model is the best, and that others ought to follow that model. Such ideas could indeed be said, of course, egocentrism. Such ideas soon engender self-supremacy, and lead to bring out discrimination against others. So, underneath the author's attitude, if not overtly, is buried such a conception as Korea, not following the European style, was an under-civilized nation, and then an inferior nation.


Research for the balance of payments, which is the elementary and important part of the theoretical research for the international finance, bears extremely important meaning to the national economic polices and decision-makings. To get knowledge of it, this thesis would start with several basic points of balance of payment researches, and make analysis on the effectiveness of our micro-economical policies by use of the data of the balance of payments in recent years, to clarify that research for the balance of payments should be put to a more important position by our theoretical circle.


The nu-5 and nu-8 bands of propyne have been reinvestigated using a FTS spectrum between 900 and 1000/cm with a resolution of 0.005/cm. About 1500 lines have been assigned. Some perturbations are clearly evident. Molecular parameters of nu-5 = 1 and nu-8 = 1 levels were determined.


In this paper we show the uniform or mean convergence of Hermite-Fejer interpolation polynomials of higher order based at the zeros of orthonormal polynomials with the typical Freud weight.


This study aimed to evaluate the experience ofBrazilian re s e a r chers in relation to: a s s e s s m e n tof the re s e a r ch protocol by a re s e a r ch ethicscommittee with the elaboration of a free in-formed term of consent (FITC) and the pro c e s sof obtaining consent, as well as to verify w h e t h e rthe content and wording of the term of consentcomplies with Fe d e r al Ruling 196/96. T h i rt y -four re s e a r chers filled out a questionnaire andreturned it by electronic mail. The vast major-ity of the respondents (91%) re p o r ted that there s p e c t i v e study protocol had been eva l u a t e dby a re s e a r ch ethics committee. Mo r e than halfre p o r ted that they had re c e i v ed a pre v i o u s l yp re p a r ed FITC ; that consent from potentialstudy subjects had been obtained by the re-s e a r cher in charge; and that the subjects hadre c e i v ed a copy of their signed FITC . Ap p r ox i -mately one half of participants stated that theform of reimbursement of subjects was specif i e din the FITC , and 44% re p o r ted the same in re-lation to occasional damages resulting from t h es t u d y . Ac c o r ding to part i c i p a n t s , in general thep r ovisions of Ruling 196/96 had been met.Informed Consent; Bi o e t h i c s ; Eva l u a t i o n


specifically applied to the unique challenges of studying plants. The book claims to assume no specialized knowledge of plant biology and indeed goes in some detail into necessary background information and terms. And herein lies the problem with this book. By being limited to so few pages, the book at times seems to pick and choose what to focus on, covering in excellent detail and clarity some areas, while giving short shrift to others. The introduction of the book effectively lays out the plan for the book and most importantly to me, explains why there is value in writing a book specifically devoted to plant genomics. The author explains that some of the unique characteristics of plants, such as the large variability in genome size and the frequent occurrence of polyploidization, provide particular challenges to the application of genomic tools and research. Needless to say, with the growing body of research on plant biology facillitated by genomics, a book to summarize and impose some order on this field is useful. The author also points out the importance of research on crop plants and addresses some of the controversies surrounding genetic manipulation of plants. Chapter 1 gives a nice overview of the structure of plant genomes and provides an excellent introduction to both what makes plants unique and different from other frequently studied non-plant organisms. The following chapters take the reader on an informative tour of the field of genomics covering topics such as sequencing strategies, acquiring functional information, gene discovery, and the use of microarrays. There are some areas that read more like an introduction to genomics in general, with few references to plants in particular. The last few chapters focus in more on plants in particular with a chapter on interactions with the external environment and a discussion of traits that are controlled by multiple genes. These chapters cover information on research quite relevant to plant research and provide lots of information clearly and concisely. The section on plant resistance is particularly noteworthy. The last chapters cover resources in bioinformatics that are available to researchers and a short section on some bioethical concerns that plant biotechnology has raised. Overall, the author does an admirable job of summarizing a large and growing field. I also appreciate his attempts to explore the ways in which genomics are applied to plant research and some of the recent advances in this area. However, my greatest complaint is that the author seems to have been forced to pick and choose areas to focus on, rather than giving a more general summary. Perhaps less detail and a broader paintbrush would have been more successful. Also, dare I say, the book could have also benefitted from a few more pages.


Purpose – This study seeks to examine which types of message appeals are more effective in reducing unrealistic optimism (a tendency for people to believe that they are less susceptible than others to encounter negative outcomes) and inducing purchase intentions of preemptive products in collectivist and individualist cultures.Design/methodology/approach – An experiment is conducted with 131 US, 111 Singaporean, and 127 Thai undergraduates.Findings – The findings confirm the existence of unrealistic optimism in the marketing setting and show that: lower levels of optimism are associated with higher purchase intentions for the product; hazard‐related behavior‐priming ad appeals lead to higher purchase intentions than ads without priming; Singaporeans show higher purchase intentions than Americans for both the risk‐priming and the expert ad appeals, and they also show higher purchase intentions than Thais for expert ad appeals.Research limitations/implications – The samples, while well matched, consist of u...


In recent years, metamaterials (MMs) have been widely investigated for their exotic electromagnetic characteristics which cannot be achieved in nature. However, one of the main limitations in traditional metallic-film MMs is a high level of radiation loss in metal and insertion loss of the high-permittivity or thick substrate. Fortunately, all-dielectric MMs with high refractive-index dielectric structures show significantly less material loss than their metallic counterparts. In this paper, an all-dielectric grating is fabricated on a 100-m-thick silicon wafer by using direct-laser-writing technique, and the properties of its Mie resonances are investigated by THz time-domain spectroscopy. Then we measure the spectral response of the all-dielectric grating under the optical modulation by a near-infrared pump-THz probe method. The modulation light source is an 808 nm continuous semiconductor laser with a maximum power (10 W). To give an insight into the underlying mechanisms of the Mie-type resonance effects on the arrayed, silicon pillars, the transmission of the all-dielectric grating is investigated numerically by the finite-element simulations through using CST Microwave Studio. In our experiment, the incident THz magnetic field is along the grating lines. The research results show that three typical Mie resonances are excited from 0 to 1 THz in the all-dielectric structure, and all the three resonant modes are different in the distributions of electric field and magnetic field. Furthermore, it is found that the resonance intensities of these three resonance peaks appear to be weakened variously with the increase of the optical power, and the first resonant peak modulation amplitude maximally reaches more than 50%. Combining the simulation results, we prove that the decrease of Mie resonance intensity under photo-excitation is caused by the absorption and the scattering of the incident THz wave by photo-generated carriers. Besides, we estimate the conductivity values of the all-dielectric grating under different optical excitations and find that the conductivity values reach 1000 S/m and 1500 S/m corresponding to 5 W and 10 W optical excitation, respectively. The estimated conductivity data will play an important role in the prospective optical modulation simulation. All the results mentioned above will provide an important reference for researches on the resonance properties of the all-dielectric metamaterials and the development of related functional devices.


The utilization of PV in Indonesia increased significantly. Based on data submitted by the Director General of EBTKE, the PV capacity value until first semester of 2021 is 217 MW. New challenge has emerged, namely maintaining performance of the PV system in good condition. Performance of the PV Carport system is analyzed by simulating PV using PVSyst software to see the potential value of electricity production, then calculating the performance parameters of the PV system such as Yield Factor (Yf), Yield Reference (Yr), Performance Ratio (PR) and Capacity Factor (CUF). Then compared with the results of electricity production and performance parameters of the PV system during operation for one year. The object of research on performance of the 37.8 kWp Carport PV system belonging to Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Based on the PVSyst simulation results, the potential annual electrical energy from the Carport PV system is 53,910 kWh with performance parameters (Yf, Yr, PR, and CUF) respectively 1,426.19 kWh/kWp, 1,751.9 kWh/kW, 81.4% and 16%. The production value of the Carport PV system for a year in 2021 is 21,694.67 kWh with performance parameters (Yf, Yr, PR, and CUF) respectively of 573 kWh /kWp, 1,679.9 kWh/kW, 34% and 6.6%.


There has been much interest in multi-bin post-Doppler space-time adaptive-processing (STAP) algorithms, since they are perceived to perform better than their pre-Doppler counterparts. However, we show that when the effects of the radar's bandwidth are taken into account this is not always true. Airborne radar systems of the future need to be capable of detecting small targets in the presence of interference. Interference may come from several sources; clutter from ground returns which form a ridge that is a function of bearing and Doppler frequency, deliberate electronic countermeasures and other accidental interference. In order to suppress the interference to the receiver noise floor STAP needs to be incorporated in such radar systems.


The relationship between condition of overwintering young-of-the-year salmon (Salmo salar) and levels of infection by glochidia of the freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera was investigated at two sites in South River, Nova Scotia, which contained significantly different concentrations of adult M. margaritifera. Although the salmon at site A (which had 5.1 times fewer freshwater mussels than site B) were significantly larger than the salmon at site B, there was no correlation between size of salmon and abundance of glochidia. Mean condition factor (K) was lower at site B. There was a significant increase in K in spring, which was most likely due to spring growth as there was no significant decrease in glochidia abundance. Significant, negative regressions were found only in January and February, when 24 and 66% of the variation in K, respectively, could be explained by the abundance of glochidia on the gills. Abundance and prevalence of infection did not change significantly between October and Ma...


Several major defects of manufacture and installation discovered in the initial stage of operation have been explained.In order to prevent the occurrence of similar problems,some recommendations have been put forward.


As many of us are aware, water poses as one of the most critical sustainable development challenges of the twenty-first century. Overall demand for water worldwide has increased steadily over the last century and is expected to continue to do so. Increasing water demand, limited supplies, pollution, inadequate infrastructure and lack of management capacity have led to water scarcity in many regions. Overallocation of surface water has led to insufficient instream flows and therefore damage to important riparian habitats and aquatic systems. Growing cities struggle to build infrastructure that keeps pace with population growth, while those in rural communities do not have enough water to fuel their livelihoods or must travel many miles to access clean water, exposing them to harm and hindering their economic productivity.


The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the necessity of humanitarian education in higher education, and to increase the role of culture in the system of higher education.  Methodological basis of the research is the use of both general scientific and sociological methods.The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is the system of general scientific and special methods, namely:historical-logical method – to study the evolution of thought regarding the definition of the cultural aspect of education;  theoretical generalization – to determine the functions of culture; systematization – to streamline approaches to cultural interpretations in education.General scientific methods of systematization and generalization, the method of comparative analysis allowed to assess the impact of culture on the higher education system.  The scientific novelty lies in substantiating the necessity of expanding the cultural aspect of the higher educationsystem, taking into account the current trends in the development of the country's economy and the requirements of society.  Conclusions Today, the development of the higher education system of Ukraine takes place against the backdrop of spiritual devastation; for the revival of the cultural component of education today, it is necessary to re-emphasize higher education on the cultural development of the student's personality, the formation of cultural values of his education, the development of not just a literate person, but harmoniously and comprehensively developed, broad-minded, spiritually-cultural enlightened personality.  In order to maximize the use of the positive potential of modern trends in the development of education and overcoming their negative effects necessary, in our opinion, there are a number of activities implemented, in particular:increasing the culturalization of the higher education system, raising the education level of society, decentralization of the higher education system, gradual restructuring and optimization of specialists training with the obligatory involvement of employers in order to bring the higher education system to the real needs of the national economy; development of the education system to long-life learning;increasing attention to the social sciences block of higher education and issues of university self-governance, which largely depends on the future participation of young people in socio-political life;purposeful educational work aimed at informing parents and entrants interested in the public about the value of certain specialties in the domestic and international labor market.


Writing an abstract or summary for my presentation to this event proves more difficult than expected – which lies in part at the heart of the event itself: it serves a dual purpose, at least. On th ...


Despite the prevailing phenomenon of product imitation in transition economies, theoretical development of product imitation strategies still lags behind anecdotal evidence. The authors distinguish between pure imitation and creative imitation and examine their contingent effects on firm performance. They test hypotheses on data collected from multiple sources, including top and middle managers and archival financial data from 192 firms in China. The findings indicate that creative imitation has a stronger positive effect on financial performance (i.e., lagged return on assets) than pure imitation. Furthermore, pure imitation and creative imitation, when coupled with strong marketing capability, positively affect market performance (i.e., market share). Finally, compared with their local counterparts, foreign firms operating in China benefit less from pure and creative imitations in terms of financial performance.


Diseases of the dairy herd negatively affect the period of economic use of animals, the volume of milk production and its quality. In this regard, early diagnosis of diseases and their causes will reduce the incidence of dairy herds and prevent economic losses. The research of the state of udder teats in cows during lactation has been conducted in the farms of the Ural region containing Holsteinized black-motley cows with different levels of milk productivity. An analysis of the spread of teat end hyperkeratosis in different animal housing and milking technologies was carried out according to the number of lactations and the season of the year. Analysis of morbidity in farms with different levels of milk productivity showed that as animal productivity increases, more teats with signs of pathological changes are registered. Simultaneously, teat lesions are also observed when using robotic milking machines, but in smaller numbers. In autumn and winter regardless of type of milking equipment, the growth of udder teat diseases is observed. When milking by robotic system, the influence of frequency, duration of milking and other factors on the development of hyperkeratosis were analyzed. It was noted that animals with milking frequency of more than 2 times a day have a higher level of hyperkeratosis; likewise, animals with permanence in the box and prolongued milking have a higher percentage of lesions, which can be related to the narrowing of the lumen of the teat canal and excretion of a large volume of milk. Also, animals with changes in the area of the teat canal opening have changes in the qualitative composition of milk, in particular, increased protein content and a decreased lactose content, which may indicate the development of an inflammatory process in the mammary gland.


The invention discloses a structural imaging method for processing reflected wave seismic data in an undulating surface area. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out spline interpolation on root-mean-square velocity on a discrete point for three times; correcting initial timing lines of all seismic data waiting for deviation to a stacked imaging reference surface of common midpoints; carrying out prestack time migration by different migration apertures, selecting the migration aperture with the optimal effect; calculating an imaging range of a seismic channel to be deviated in a deviation result space, calculating imaging of common imaging points at the position of each imaging point in the imaging space range, calculating ray travelling time, and carrying out integral summation, and finishing kirchhoff prestack time migration of each seismic data in an original data space. According to the method, the effect of topografic relief on the kirchhoff prestack time migration is overcome, and the adaptability of the kirchhoff prestack time migration imaging method on the terrain is expanded to all earth surfaces.


During 1956 it is estimated that 9,450,000 persons were injured in accidents in this country. The National Safety Council does not estimate the number of abdominal injuries. Among 2,000,000 disabling compensation injuries, 27% involved the trunk, and the abdominal injuries might make up one\x=req-\ third of these. The number would consist of both penetrating and nonpenetrating injuries. The former are commoner. This discussion is limited to the latter\p=m-\nonpenetrating injuries of the abdomen. They are not large in number or in percentage of cases in the whole field of trauma. But the danger of visceral rupture or fatal hemorrhage makes this one of the most important injuries, and one in which the doctor's decision as to early correct diagnosis and early proper intervention may make the difference between life and death for the person concerned. The diagnosis is easier in penetrating than in nonpenetrating injuries. The mortality in nonpenetrating injuries of the abdomen is high\p=m-\higherthan in penetrating or perforating injuries. It is probably at least 20% to 30%. The duration and extent of morbidity is also increased over that for other abdominal injuries. Nonpenetrating injuries are frequently a part of multiple injuries, with all the re¬ sponsibility of doing first things first. Ob¬ vious, often severe trauma of other parts of the body too frequently masks, both to the patient and to the surgeon, the evidence or even the thought, of abdominal trauma. In any severe injury, particularly those in¬ curred in automobile accidents, one must keep in mind always the possibility of ab¬ dominal injury, not only at the initial exam¬ ination but throughout convalescence. If at the same time the patient is unconscious, the difficult nature of the decision is often tre¬ mendously increased.


The ability of state-of-the-art regional climate models (RCMs) to simulate the trends of intense cyclone activity in the Arctic is assessed based on an ensemble of 13 simulations from 11 models from the Arctic-CORDEX initiative. Some models employ large-scale spectral nudging techniques. Cyclone characteristics simulated by the ensemble in winter and summer are compared with the results from four reanalyses (ERA-Interim, NCEP-CFSR, NASA-MERRA2 and JMA-JRA55) in winter and summer for 1981-2010 period.


Double aneuploidy in which an extra sex chromosome coexists with autosomal trisomy was first reported in a child with trisomy 21 and XXY sex chromosomes (Ford, Jones, Miller, Mittwoch, Penrose, Ridler, and Shapiro, 1959); since then XXX trisomy 21 (Day, Wright, Koons, and Quigley, 1963; Yunis, Hook, and Alter, 1964), XYY trisomy 21 (Verresen and van den Berghe, 1965), XXX trisomy 18 (Uchida and Bowman, 1961; Ricci and Borgatti, 1963), and XXY trisomy 13-15 in an embryo (Pergament and Kadotani, 1965) have been reported. Sex chromosome mosaicism associated with autosomal trisomy is less common, being described in only three cases, all with trisomy 21: XO/XX (van Wijck, Blankenborg, and Stolte, 1964; Root, Bongiovanni, Breibart, and Mellman, 1964) and XO/XX/XXX (Zergollern and Hoefnagel, 1964). The infant to be described represents a hitherto unrecognized association of XO/XY mosaicism and trisomy 13-15. He showed many features characteristic of the trisomy 13-15 syndrome, together with Arnold-Chiari malformation, sacral meningomyelocele, gonadal agenesis, and a minor degree of feminization of the pelvic organs.