Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the "ErwerbungsVorschlags-Assistent" (EVA), its underlying concepts and first usage statistics and experiences at the University Library of Duisburg-Essen, and explore its methodology of patron driven acquisition in regard to printed material, specifically interlibrary loan requests. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a case study approach, describing the effects of the new system on existing ILL workflows and collection development decision-making. Findings – EVA has been in production in several German university libraries since October 2011. ILL requests are automatically compared to specific criteria in regard to their suitability as an acquisition, enriched with external data, and presented to the appropriate subject librarian. Originality/value – This paper was originally presented at the 2012 IFLA World Library and Information Congress in Helsinki, Finland, session 139, "Treating print in an increasingly digital collection: issues, dilem...


Edge Localised Modes are characteristic of the high performance, H-mode plasmas that are required for the attainment of Q = 10/500MW fusion power in the first phase of ITER operation. The energy released by a type I ELM, in good confinement plasmas, is typically 510% of the plasma stored energy; with low collisionality plasmas at the upper end of the range. Dimensional analysis, experiment and modeling all show that the thermal load limit of, where evaporation or sublimation of the divertor surface occurs, is likely to be exceeded by at least an order of magnitude by ELMS in ITER. The consequence this will be unacceptably rapid erosion of the divertor target, core plasma pollution and, possibly, increased disruption frequency. Thus it is required that ELMs be eliminated or mitigated in ITER. This paper details the background to this requirement, the physical basis for the available mitigation methods and the technical measures that have been undertaken, so far, to implement them on ITER.


With the development of virtual reality, virtual surgery becomes a promising cross-border technology. Soft tissue modeling is one of the core problems in virtual surgery. To achieve accuracy and real-time performance at the same time, we optimize the traditional Finite element method for vascular tissue modeling. Based on the analysis of soft tissue biomechanical properties, we abstract the vascular tissue as Mooney-Rivlin material, and give the parameters according to real vascular characteristics. We build both straight and bend vascular tissue models. The BFGS method is used to improve the efficiency, and the FPS is improved by 22.21Hz than that of mesh-free method. Experimental results show that both the accuracy and the real-time performance can satisfy the need of VR surgery and have improved a lot compared with existing methods, demonstrating the validity and applicability of our method.


In this paper we examine the issues of gains from trade and the welfare effects of trade policies in the presence of public inputs. Based on the formulation of Negishi (Journal of Public Economics 2 (1973), 231–40), we assume that public inputs are financed by a land tax scheme. We show that the welfare effects of trade policies and the desirability of trade depend crucially on the rules of public input provision reflecting different conjectures of the government.


ThE-Junction newsletter includes the following headings: adaptive leadership for a better Bank by, Ronald Heifetz; to managers and leaders: 'before you make that big decision'; all people want to do is live their lives by, Elizabeth Howton; and leveling the playing field.


Neural networks with local activation functions have a merit of excellent generalization abilities. When this type of network is used in function approximation, it is very important to determine the proper division of the input space into local regions where each of which a local activation function is assigned. A new method is proposed that uses LVQ network to approximate the functions based on the output information. It divides the input space into regions with a prototype vector at the center of each region. However, an ordinary LVQ outputs discrete values only, and therefore can not approximate continuous functions. In this paper, fuzzy sets are employed in both learning and output calculation. Finally, the proposed method uses the backpropagation algorithm for fine adjustment. An example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Contents Illustrations Tables Preface Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 2 GENDER, DISASTER, AND THE MOUNTAIN PARK FIRE: A METHODOLOGICAL AND THEORETICAL ROAD MAP Chapter 3 'FIREFIGHTING IS A MAN'S GAME': ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES AND PRACTICES Chapter 4 'WE FELT LIKE WE LOST': EXPLAINING FAILURE AND RESCUING MASCULINITY Chapter 5 NAVIGATING HIERARCHY AND CONTESTING MASCULINITIES Chapter 6 WORKING WITH THE OTHER: RESISTANCE, ACCOMMODATION, AND REPRODUCTION Chapter 7 CONCLUSION Appendix DILEMMAS, TENSIONS, AND CONTRADICTIONS IN FEMINIST INSPIRED RESEARCH


An anti-vibration device for a washing machine is provided to reduce noise and prevent deformation of a gasket caused by the vibration of a driving motor by installing recessed first buffering units on a door and a protruding second vibration buffering units on the gasket so that the first vibration buffering units are fit into the second vibration buffering units when the door is closed. An anti-vibration device for a washing machine has first and second vibration buffering units(25,65). The first vibration buffering units are recessed on a door(20). The second vibration buffering units are protruded on a gasket(60), extending in the direction of the first vibration buffering units. The first and the second vibration buffering units are disposed at preset angular intervals in the radial direction, on the door and the gasket.


Demarcation and analysis of software-clusters. The example of the Rhine-Main-Neckar region. In this paper we present an approach to demarcate and analyze spatial clusters in the software industry using qualitative as well as quantitative methods. Our approach is based on economic data regarding entrepreneurship, gross value added and spatial agglomeration of enterprises and employees. We apply this method on the Rhine-Main-Neckar area, one of Germany's most prominent regions for software companies. Subsequently, we conduct a qualitative follow-up study to gain deeper insights and to verify prior results from the quantitative study. Our results indicate the existence of a software-cluster with two centers in the Rhine-Main area as well as in the Rhine-Neckar district.Among the analyzed indicators, the concentration of employees in software companies shows the highest amplitude, although entrepreneurship, concentration of businesses as well as gross value added are all significantly above the German average.


Many firms use relative stock performance to evaluate and incentivize their CEOs. We provide evidence that these firms routinely disclose information that harms peers' stock prices. Consistent with deliberate sabotage, peer-harming disclosures appear to be aimed at the peers whose stock price depressions are more likely to benefit the CEO, especially towards the end of a fiscal year. These patterns do not appear to be the result of passive information spillovers. Instead, firms appear to alter the information content of their disclosures, making their voluntary disclosures more informative about targeted peers, and less informative about themselves. The negative pricing impacts of peer-harming disclosures do not reverse, suggesting that these disclosures contain legitimate information content regarding peers' prospects. Collectively, our findings provide the first clear evidence that relative performance evaluation in CEO pay plans leads to inter-firm sabotage—a notion which had been deemed "unlikely" by prior literature.


Competition creates a pervasive atmosphere through the halls of actor training programs and studios. It is acknowledged sparingly by instructors in the early days of training as to not create too much fear because we want artists to feel free to fail, of course. And then inevitably, references to competition increase in frequency and its presence becomes palpable until it might as well be a neon sign hung in all the studios—"You will be up against a thousand actors just like you in NYC and LA, so you must bring your A-Game." If it is not said this bluntly, it is implied with equal intention. Competition is used as a motivator, as a threat, as a reality-checker, and as a self-saboteur. I have seen a deep sense of competition in students brew amazing results. The idea that they must prove themselves against their perceived competition motivates consistent work on their body and craft, inspired preparation, and a sharp awareness of what needs improvement. But at what cost?


there are signs that this view of the matter will, for a considerable proportion of cases, cease to be a representative view of American and English surgeons, though until recently it undoubtedly has been such. S. W. W. Keen,1 in a paper on the treatment of cancer of the rectum, alludes to this change of view and practice. He there states it as a general rule that all portions of the rectum and colon are amenable to the


Aims Identifying factors that contribute to mental health difficulties in young people as early in life as possible are needed to inform prevention strategies. One area of interest is attachment. Although existing research has suggested an association between insecure attachment styles and mental health difficulties, these studies often have small sample sizes, use cross-sectional designs, and measure attachment as a discrete variable at a single point or use romantic relationship attachment as a proxy for childhood attachment. It is also unclear whether these associations persist into late adolescence. In this large prospective study we aimed to determine whether an insecure attachment style measured at repeated points in early childhood, is associated with depression and self-harm at 18 years. Method We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Mothers completed attachment related questionnaires when their child was 18, 30, and 42 months old. Offspring depression and lifetime self-harm was assessed at 18 years in clinic using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. Attachment was derived as a continuous latent variable in a structural equation modelling framework. Logistic regression was performed on participants with complete attachment data (n = 7032) to examine the association between attachment style and depression and self-harm, with adjustment for potential confounders. Differential dropout was accounted for using multiple imputation. Result We found some evidence for an association between a more insecure attachment style in childhood, and a diagnosis of depression and life-time self-harm at age 18. In the fully adjusted imputed model, a one standard deviation increase in insecure attachment was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of depression (OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.00 to 1.27) and a 14% increase in the odds of self-harm at age 18 (OR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.02 to 1.25), for children who had more insecure attachment in early childhood, compared with children who had more secure attachment. Conclusion This is the largest longitudinal study to examine the prospective association between childhood attachment and depression and self-harm in late adolescence. Our findings strengthen the evidence suggesting that a childhood insecure attachment style is associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence. Policies and interventions to support parenting behaviours that foster the development of secure attachment styles, or attachment-based therapies to improve attachment quality, could help reduce depression and self-harm in adolescence/young adulthood. Philippa Clery is supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research at the University of Bristol and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund.


The rhabditid nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a lethal parasite of certain terrestrial gastropods and has been shown as a biocontrol agent under laboratory and field conditions. In Egypt, P. hermaphrodita was isolated for the first time from different species of terrestrial gastropods found associated with various crops at Aga and Mansoura districts of Dakhalia Governorate during the year 2000/2001. Females and dauer larvae (IJs) were described and illustrated based on the light microscope. Males are not found as this species seemed to be protandrous. PCR analysis confirmed nematode identification. The Egyptian isolate of P. hermaphrodita was found to be shorter and lower in width than the British isolate. V%, a, b and c parameters showed detectable variations between two isolates with values of 54%, 17.7, 4.28, 13.7 in the Egyptian isolate, and 51%, 19.5, 7.2 and 15.8 for the British isolate, respectively.


s A85 sion within conceptual framework of Andersen's Behavioral Model was used to examine the predisposing, enabling and need characteristics associated with antidepressant use. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of antidepressant use was found to be 46.22% (95%CI, 45.16–47.27). The most prescribed class of antidepressants was SSRIs (67.29%), followed by serotonin modulators (10.05%), SNRIs (6.02%), TCAs (5.06%) and MAO inhibitors (0.02%). Citalopram (28%) was the highest prescribed individual antidepressant followed by mirtazapine (22.05%). Among the predisposing characteristics, age, race, and marital status were significantly associated with antidepressant drug use. Enabling factors like Medicare or Medicaid payment source and facility bed capacity predicted antidepressant use. Among need characteristics, likelihood of receiving antidepressant prescription decreased with increased dependence in decision making ability and out of bed mobility. Also presence of depressed mood indicators, history of falls and fractures, and an increase in number of medications prescribed had positive association with antidepressant prescription. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of elderly nursing home residents received antidepressants. Predisposing, need, and enabling factors played important roles in use of antidepressants. Overall, the study findings suggest that antidepressant treatment is highly prevalent in nursing homes possibly due to increased recognition of symptoms in the elderly population. PHP20 PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERNS AMONG ELDERLY NURSING HOME RESIDENTS IN THE UNITED STATES Bhattacharjee S, Karkare SU, Kamble P, Aparasu R University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA OBJECTIVES: Psychotropic use in nursing homes has been a concern due to extensive misuse of these agents in the elderly. Very little is known about recent national level utilization in nursing homes especially after the introduction of newer psychotropic agents. Therefore, this study examined psychotropic drug use patterns among elderly nursing home residents at the national level by using the 2004 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS) data. METHODS: This study involved retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the 2004 NNHS. The study sample included patients aged 65 years or older. Psychotropic drugs were classified as antidepressants, sedative/hypnotics, antianxiety, antipsychotics, and stimulants based on existing literature. Psychotropic polypharmacy was defined as concomitant use of two or more psychotropic drugs. SAS survey procedures were used for descriptive domain analysis and to calculate 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of weighted estimates. RESULTS: According to the 2004 NNHS, an estimated 0.83 (95% CI, 0.82–0.85) million elderly nursing home residents received at least one psychotropic medication for an overall prevalence of 63.18% (95% CI, 62.16—64.21), while 25.85% (95% CI: 24.92%–26.77%) received two or more psychotropic medications. Antidepressant agents (46.22%, 95% CI: 45.16%– 47.27%) were the most prescribed psychotropic drug class followed by antipsychotics agents (24.84%, 95% CI: 23.92%–25.76%). Psychotropic polypharmacy within the antidepressant class was highest (5.92%, 95% CI: 5.43%–6.41%) followed by antipsychotics (1.17%, 95% CI: 0.94%–1.39%). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly two-third elderly nursing home residents received psychotropic medications, while more than one in four residents were receiving two or more psychotropic drugs. With increasing concerns of inappropriate psychotropic drug use, there is a strong need to monitor their usage in this vulnerable population. PHP21 SOURCES OF MEDICATION FOR PATIENTS IN GENERAL MEDICINE Tungol A, Erickson S, Kucukarslan S University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA OBJECTIVES: To examine the influence of inexpensive generic programs on prescription medication acquisition behavior of patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of 200 consecutive patients during regularly scheduled appointments to an adult general medicine clinic. Questions were asked to determine the type of pharmacy patients obtained their current prescription medication from; whether they were aware of focused programs selling generic medication for a reduced cost; whether they had filled a prescription recently using a reduced cost generic program, and if they did, whether they had other medications filled at the same pharmacy. Demographic data was also obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Respondents were categorized as having filled a prescription using an inexpensive generic program or not. Differences in demographics and medication-related variables between the two groups were analyzed using Student's t-test for continuous variables or Chi-squared test for categorical variables. P value of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Only 5% of respondents (11 of 210) used an inexpensive generic program to fill at least one of their prescriptions. Characteristics of patients who tended to use the generic programs included greater number of prescriptions, lower household income, no prescription insurance, and be of female gender. The study is limited in generalizability due to the small number of respondents in the group who had a prescription filled by an inexpensive generic program. CONCLUSIONS: This small study provides encouraging data to support the development of a larger study of the influence of the generic programs on patient behavior in regards to decision of where to obtain prescriptions. Larger studies may also attempt to determine whether these programs improve access to medications that patients may have had trouble affording before their inception. PHP22 UTILIZATION OF PRESCRIBED PAIN MEDICATIONS PRIOR TO THE INITIATION OF DULOXETINE THERAPY Zhao Y, Wu N, Chen SY, Nagar S, Boulanger L Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA, Abt Bio-Pharma Solutions, Inc., Lexington,


Demand Management is a key part of IT governance, which in turn supports decisions making at company corporate governance level. It is through IT Demand Management (ITDM) (Spanish GDTI), that business areas get the added value and meet its strategic objectives. In this article, a review of the current ITDM Models is done, using the systematic review methodology. The research questions are aimed to identify suitable ITDM models. Models outcomes set in a number of objectives, phases and developing steps, but it is clear that they yet have inherent limitations in order to get the effective ITDM implementation. The business alignment is one main critical success factor of ITDM.


A jaw and toothed fixed torque wrench comprises an adjusting screw, a spring, a wrench casing, an inner sleeve, an outer sleeve and a handle, wherein the handle is arranged at the lower part in the middle of the wrench casing; a through hole is formed in the wrench casing; the outer sleeve, the inner sleeve, the spring and the adjusting screw are sequentially clamped into the through hole of the wrench casing; a nut hole is formed in the end face at one end, equipped with a boss, of the outer sleeve; the inner sleeve is fixed in the through hole of the wrench casing; a boss is arranged at the other end of the inner sleeve; the adjusting screw is mounted in the through hole of the wrench casing in a screw threaded manner; a boss is arranged at one end of the adjusting screw; the boss of the inner sleeve and the boss of the adjusting screw are sleeved with the spring. According to the jaw and toothed fixed torque wrench, an adjusting nut is rotated to move left and right in the axial direction so as to adjust spring pressure; the spring pressure is adjusted to control the size of applied torque so as to enable the applied torque to reach a pre-determined value.


Significance: The asymmetric construction of a C–C bond through activation of two C–H bonds under aerobic conditions is a considerable challenge, as well as being important from the ecological and economic standpoint. A chiral-at-metal rhodium complex catalyzes the title reaction with the generation of one or two stereocenters in the presence of molecular oxygen as the green oxidant. Comment: The rhodium(III) complex permits α-functionalization of carbonyl compounds with two kinds of imine-type coupling partners formed in situ. The first reaction consists of a tandem autoxidation/Mannich reaction sequence, whereas the other involves a photoinduced asymmetric C–C bond formation. In the latter case, the rhodium catalyst acts as both a chiral Lewis acid and a visible-light photoredox catalyst. Selected examples: Rh N N N O


We propose an alternative non-monotonic modal formalism called non-monotonic modal logic of belief. It is based on replacing the classical fixpoint equation E = ThS(A ∪ {Mφ : E 6`S ¬φ}) with the belief fixpoint equation E = ThS(A ∪ {Mφ : E 6`S ¬Mφ}). The solutions of the belief fixpoint equation, called belief S-expansions, are tightly related to the logic of belief KD45. We show interpretation of default logic in non-monotonic modal logic of belief and present minimal model semantics for belief expansions.


Gate poly-silicon critical dimension is a prime characteristic of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. It is important to achieve the uniformity of gate poly-silicon critical dimension in order that a semiconductor device has acceptable electrical test characteristics as well as a semiconductor wafer fabrication process has a competitive net-die-per-wafer yield. However, on gate poly-silicon critical dimension, the complexity associated with a semiconductor wafer fabrication process entails hierarchical variance components according to run-to-run, wafer-to-wafer and even die-to-die production unit changes. Specifically, estimates of the hierarchical variance components are required not only for disclosing dominant sources of the variation but also for testing the wafer-level uniformity. In this paper, two experimental designs, a two-stage nested design and a randomized complete block design are considered in order to estimate the hierarchical variance components. Since gate poly-silicon critical dimensions are collected from fixed die positions within wafers, a factor representing die positions can be regarded as fixed in linear statistical models for the designs. In this context, the two-stage nested design also checks the wafer-level uniformity taking all sampled runs into account. In more detail, using variance estimates derived from randomized complete block designs, Duncan's multiple range test examines the wafer-level uniformity for each run. Consequently, a framework presented in this study could provide guidelines to practitioners on estimating the hierarchical variance components and testing the wafer-level uniformity in parallel for any characteristics concerned in semiconductor wafer fabrication processes. Statistical analysis is illustrated for an experimental dataset from a real pilot semiconductor wafer fabrication process.


Interpersonal communication is one of the most paradoxical areas of personal or organizational life. Key to healthy human relationships, crucial to effective management, face-to-face communication generally is an activity that public managers do the most of yet know the least about. Interpersonal communication is also an area to which theoretical researchers of public management have paid little attention. Managers devote more time to communicating on the job than any other activity. Approximately 75 percent of a manager's day is spent communicating--listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Most of the time is spent in face-to-face communication (Harris and Moran, 1987). In formal education, teachers focus heavily on improving written communication skills while devoting almost no time at ail to the area of interpersonal communication. Even an impressionistic review of the pubic management literature reveals the paucity of attention paid to this area. Should we then be surprised by the results of a classic study in interpersonal communication which found that in no more than about half of the incidents did the subordinate receive the same message sent by the superior? An organization dealing with a tangible product would have a severe problem if about 50 percent of its output were defective (Burns, 1954).No skill is as important to a manager than effective communication. Yet we all have heard the most frequent explanation for any organizational complaint--that it was a "communication problem." And paradoxically, organizational failures resonate with the most easily correctable refrain, "I thought I told you to..." followed by "But I thought you said that..." Effective interpersonal communication does not occur frequently enough in organizations. We teach and research too little about it despite (1) the relatively simple, classical theoretical models upon which face-to-face communication has been based and (2) the relatively homogeneous cultural context upon which those models were based. It is the thesis of this article that our theoretical models of interpersonal communication (and our managerial application of them) are moving from relative simplicity to greater complexity--not only because research has yielded more sophisticated understanding, but also because America's population and labor force are themselves moving from relative cultural homogeneity to greater multi-cultural heterogeneity. In the future, moreover, managers and scholars of public administration will (of necessity) pay greater attention to this area. To develop this thesis, the author will first examine some relatively simple, classical models of face-to-face communication. Second, he will explore the changing demographic-cultural context of American society. Finally, he will suggest a recent model of inter- personal communication that is more congruent with the culturally diverse America which is emerging. It is hoped that what follows will be of interest both to applied managers as well as to theoretical scholars of public administration, particularly given public administration's special responsibility both to reflect and to realize the core American value of equality. The first classical (but perhaps less familiar) model of communication system was authored in 1949 by research mathematician Claude Shannon and electrical engineer Warren Weaver (Shannon and Weaver, 1949/1963). They depicted communication as a simple, sequential, and linear process through which information could be transmitted as easily by a telephone as by a human. Their mechanistic system included four components: a sender, a channel, a message, and a receiver (Figure 1). (Figure 1 omitted) EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN MODELS Often a public manager considers communication to be he or she (the sender) transmitting a message. The most conventional channels are sound and/or sight. Recognizing this opens up the possibility that the message can be verbal and/or non-verbal. …


using near-field data measured in an anechoic chamber. The static near-field measurement facility can be used for ground-based diagnostic applications on large full-scale radar targets, such as aircraft and armoured vehicles. The facility is suitable for quality control measurements to identify and locate defects in backscattering properties of targets using radar images, from which areas of nonconformance relative to a benchmark object can be identified. The facility is also suitable for RCS signature management and to evaluate the effect of RCS modifications on targets. These comparisons can be evaluated quantitatively because the total far-field RCS of the various targets is estimated. Our ultimate aim is to establish a full-scale measurement facility suitable for RCS acceptance tests to be performed on airframes as well as ground-based vehicles.


This article reviews the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGA), perhaps India's foremost social security scheme, which is in the form of a right for rural households throughout India to work for up to 100 days a year in public works and to be paid the minimum wage for unskilled labourers. It is argued that self-targeting leads to a more pro-poor scheme than a cash transfer programme. However, in many states, especially poor states, work for NREGA is shown to be not a right. This is a major aspect of the corruption which gives the scheme a bad name. Also generally disappointing is the value of the assets created by the public works. But it is argued that NREGA is worth salvaging, especially if the example of the best states could be followed more widely. Attention is particularly drawn to the contribution of NREGA to the empowerment of women and scheduled castes and tribes in much of rural India.


A 12 - b 300 MSPS current-steering DAC with 0.13 um CMOS technology is presented. In order to reduce the chip area, a laminated-step layout technique is proposed. Based on this technique, the occupied DAC core size is only 0.26 mm2 even in 12 -b resolution. Further, a current auto-averaging technique, an output impedance enhancement circuit, and the novel latched switching cell logic are discussed to keep the desired 12- b DAC performance. The measured results are within plusmn1LSB for DNL. The measured SFDR is 70 dB under Nyquist output frequency with 50 mW power dissipation at 3.3V power supply.


Aim Many factors influence genetic variation within species, which is key for adaptation and survival in changing environments. Using amphibians as a study system, we investigated genetic diversity and structure within Neotropical species to provide insights into how natural history traits, phylogeny, and geographic characteristics influence intraspecific genetic variation. Location Neotropical Region. Taxon Amphibians. Methods We assembled datasets for Neotropical amphibians using open-access databases for natural history traits, genetic sequences, phylogenetic trees, and geographic data. For each species, we calculated overall nucleotide diversity (π) and tested for isolation by distance (IBD). We then identified predictors of genetic diversity (π) and genetic structure (IBD) using Random Forest (RF) regression or RF classification, respectively. To more explicitly incorporate phylogenetic relationships, we also used phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMMs), and phylogenetic linear regression or phylogenetic logistic regression models to predict π and IBD, respectively. Results We compiled > 4,000 mitochondrial DNA sequences from 256 amphibian species (230 frogs and 26 salamanders), georeferencing 2,468 sequences from 176 species that were not already linked to occurrence data. RF regressions, phylogenetic linear regression, and PGLMMs were congruent in identifying range size and elevation as the most important predictors of π. Species with larger ranges and at lower elevations tended to have higher overall genetic diversity. RF classification and phylogenetic comparative methods identified minimum elevation as the most important predictor of IBD, with species at lower elevations being more likely to exhibit genetic structure. Main conclusions These results could play a key role in the development of conservation strategies for amphibians. For example, species living at high elevations or with small ranges need substantial protection due to their low genetic diversity. We also show that the Chocó, Andes, and Atlantic Forests biogeographic units harbor high diversity across many species that should be prioritized for protection.


Based on the existing well groups and production pipelines,the Phase III well layout of Beypazari trona solution mining project fully makes use of the existing conditions.The Phase III well groups consist of several kinds of optimized well units,such as three-well units,five-well units,side parallel well units and some other complicated well units.Phase III design can highly improve the production of mining project and meet the demands of brine output in trona plant with the advantages of lower investment,shorter construction period and easier management.Totally 15 leaching units with 25 leaching passages are designed and distributed in the mining area of Phase III.


This paper presents a first-order approach to modeling the effect of Plasma Actuators (i.e., asymmetric, Single Dielectric Barrier Discharge devices) using a potential-flow model. In particular, the plasma actuator's characteristics that the flow appears to be drawn into the actuator (sink-like behavior) and jetted from the actuator in the asymmetry direction (source-like behavior) suggested the use of a doublet as a mimic for the actuator. To these characteristics was added the fact that a "fixed" actuator (i.e., fixed actuator geometry, ac voltage amplitude, frequency and waveform) adds a fixed amount of directed momentum to the local flow. The doublet model was incorporated into a Smith-Hess panel code as a "plasma panel" and an objective approach was developed to "calibrate" the doublet strength. The model was shown to duplicate experimental data documenting the change in wing-section lift characteristics due to applying plasma actuators.


Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is classified as one of the agent responsible in transmitting deadly dengue viruses. Efforts to combat these vectors relied heavily on the use of synthetic insecticide and did not address the likely possibility that plants may also hold valuable
nutrients. This study evaluated the lethal and sub lethal effects of different concentration (LC5, LC1O, LC2O & LC40) extracts from Schefflera sp.1 and Schefflera sp.2 on Ae. albopictus. Both Schefflera extracts exhibited a concentration-dependent pattern. The survival rates were less than 50% at LC40 for both extracts but 100% in control. The survivors had delayed developmental period at LC20 (9.67 ± 0.49 days) in SchEx1 and at LC40 (8.83 ±
0.40 days) in SchEx2. Exposure to Schefflera extracts also resulted in poor pupation and adult production with emergence defects at the highest concentration. This outcome strongly suggests that Schefflera extracts could be used in control strategies in reducing the
population size of dengue vectors as well as their capacity of disease transmission.


ABSTRACT Background: Advances in our understanding of the complex pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible for high-risk atherosclerotic plaque rupture resulting in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have led to the development of numerous antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for treatment of AMI. Areas covered: We review various antithrombotic drugs which were recently investigated for the treatment of AMI. A MEDLINE search for relevant articles on newer antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants drugs for the treatment of AMI was performed, and important original investigations were reviewed. We also briefly discuss agents that completed evaluation and were recently recommended by expert guidelines. Expert opinion: The antiplatelet agents cangrelor and vorapaxar and the anticoagulant rivaroxaban, have shown promise for the reduction of ischemic events when administered during, and in the acute phase following AMI. However, these agents have not been compared with more potent P2Y12 inhibitors, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. Finding an optimum combination of these agents to achieve an appropriate risk (bleeding) – benefit (reduction in ischemic events) balance is challenging. Further evaluation of agents that show promise is important for enhancing our armamentarium of pharmacologic agents for the successful treatment of AMI. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01042964. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01020383. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03312855. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545933. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03234114.


The skyline query is an efficient data analysis tool for multi-criteria decision making that has received significant attention in the database community. As multi-core architectures have gone mainstream, we present a new parallel skyline query algorithm that can be applied to multi-core and multiprocessor systems, to progressively return skyline points as they are identified efficiently. In this paper, we proposed a parallel skyline algorithm which can eliminate redundant computations and improve parallelism of the skyline query. Experimental results show that our algorithm successfully exploits the features of multiple cores to improve the performance of skyline computation for large high-dimensional datasets.


The objective of the proposed work is to change the mechanical design of an automated manufacturing or assembly process by introducing coupler drivers. Currently, the design of a mechanism to be included in a manufacturing or assembly process requires one of the joints in the mechanism to be used for actuation. That is, the desired motion of the device and how it will be moved are coupled and this complicates its design. The proposed work looks at decoupling the kinematic synthesis of a mechanical system from the actuation synthesis of the system. This is accomplished via a mechanical chain called a coupler driver. This work develop the kinematic synthesis theory needed to design a coupler driver for any single degree of freedom mechanical system. The research will develop the mathematical representation of coupler drivers. A MATLAB code for solving the mathematical model will be developed to validate and verify proposed solutions.During the kinematic synthesis of a single degree of freedom mechanism for a given task, a challenge is finding a solution mechanism that is not hindered by branch singularities relative to any of its driving joints. Trying to achieve the motion characteristics while avoiding the branch singularities severely limits the design space. This work approaches the problem of avoiding branch singularities by actuating a mechanism via an additional chain (set of links) attached to it.The challenge is identifying end point locations that is mechanically feasible and, drive the mechanism monotonically through its task thereby avoiding the branch singularities. The goal of this proposal is to develop the mathematical framework for identifying all possible end points for a coupler-driver for a user-defined mechanism. Trends in Early Vortex Formation on a Wall-to-wall Plate in Pure Plunge School of Engineering: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering | Poster Independent Research STUDENTS Sidaard Gunasekaran | ADVISORS Aaron Altman, Kenneth Granlund LOCATION, TIME RecPlex Main Gym, 10:45 AM–12:00 PM Discernible trends in early vortex formation have been in inter vortex-plate distance, circulation, and vortex maximum azimuthal velocity when plunging a wall-to-wall flat plate at fixed angles of attack ranging from 15o to 90o with two different accelerative profiles. Vortex formation and shedding continues to play an important role in unsteady aerodynamics with applications ranging from flapping wings to maneuvering flight to helicopter rotors. Above a relatively low angle of attack when a flat plate is plunged in a fluid a leading edge vortex (LEV) is formed close to the leading edge and a trailing edge vortex (TEV) is formed close to the trailing edge. The formation, growth and convection of the LEV and TEV strongly influence the pressure field surrounding the flat plate and ultimately the forces experienced by the plate. Experiments were performed at the United States Air Force Research Labs Horizontal Free Surface Water Tunnel (AFRL/HFWT) with linear and sinusoidal acceleration profiles. The formation of the LEV was investigated for both acceleration profiles using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Trends were identified in both the LEV distance to the plate as a function of convective distance and with angle of attack. Similarly, trends were identified in maximum vortex azimuthal velocity. The LEV normalized azimuthal velocity profiles were compared with several vortex models in the literature. The existing models were unable to reproduce the asymmetric azimuthal velocity distributions resulting from vortex proximity to the plate. A new model based on experimental results is proposed for the LEV core azimuthal velocity distribution inclusive of plate proximity effects. Variable Extrusion Dies that Exhibit Significant Change in Exit Area School of Engineering: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering | Poster Independent Research STUDENTS Heather M Smith | ADVISORS Andrew P Murray, David H Myszka LOCATION, TIME RecPlex Main Gym, 10:45 AM–12:00 PM Conventional polymer extrusion is a common manufacturing process in which plastic resin is melted and pulled through a fixed-geometry die plate to produce a shape. This process creates long parts with a uniform cross-sectional area, including pipes, molding, and window frames. Shape-changing dies would expand the capabilities of extrusion by allowing the cross-sectional area to change over the length of the extruded part. This would allow for parts manufactured more quickly and at a lower tooling cost, as compared to other processes such as injection molding. A constant extruder screw speed is desired throughout the process due to the pellets being melted by friction within the screw. As the area of the orifice changes throughout the extrusion, problems arise which may be pacified by varying the line speed, or tracking differences between the final shape and the exit area of the part. The goal of this project is to design a series of variable extrusion dies that exhibit significant changes in area. Three types of die were created, each evaluating a different strategy, including bypass ports and shape modifying features beyond the die exit. The dies have recently been produced, installed, and tested to evaluate the various features of each design. Wright B Flyer Silver Bird Replica Senior Design Project School of Engineering: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering | Poster Capstone Project STUDENTS Domenic M Miccinilli, Matthew R Pulfer, Denton G Sagerman, Alex M Watt, Seth D Wieging | ADVISORS Aaron Altman LOCATION, TIME RecPlex Main Gym, 10:45 AM–12:00 PM The Wright Model B Flyer was one of the first piloted aircraft produced by the Wright brothers in 1910. Wright B Flyer Incorporated specializes in fully functional Wright Model B replicas. The Silver Bird was an aircraft designed and manufactured by the company back in 2007. Unfortunately, the plane and its two pilots were lost due to a welding failure that caused the propeller mal135 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING function. The company has since commissioned another model to be designed and built. The overarching goal of this research is to verify the existing design and perform sensitivity studies to see if the performance can be improved given certain model constraints. Thus far, engineering drawings, as well as 3D models were used to extract crucial dimensions and aerodynamic locations. Other considerations including, but not limited to, airfoil design, constraint analysis, weight buildup, and CG envelope have also been investigated. Test pilots have flown the model to compare the flight characteristics of the simulated aircraft to the previous Silver Bird. The pilots' feedback, input from other Wright B Flyer Inc. personnel, and flight test data comparisons have been used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. Further investigations will involve looking into various geometric changes to the model and analyzing the effect of these deltas on various flight parameters. These cause and effect results will impact the future design of the Silver Bird, as Wright B Model Inc. looks to build a more effective and transportable model that encompasses the original Wright B Silver Bird model. Enhancing Industrial Sustainability by Improving Resource Efficiency School of Engineering: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering | Oral Presentation Graduate Research STUDENTS Dillip Thangamani | ADVISORS Jun-Ki Choi LOCATION, TIME Kennedy Union 311, 2:00 PM–2:20 PM With ever increasing energy and raw material costs, coupled with environmental regulations and increasing customer awareness of corporate sustainability efforts, industries are seeking to increase energy and resource efficiency. Over the past decade, the University of Dayton's Industrial Assessment Center (UD-IAC) has developed a systematic methodology and analysis tool to help industry become more energy efficient. The publicly-available Efficiency Guidebook (EEG) is a comprehensive tool that integrates examples and computational resources for improving energy efficiency. This paper describes a parallel effort to improve industrial resource efficiency by developing a methodology for improving resource efficiency and incorporating it into a free publically-available software tool called the Resource Efficiency Guidebook (REG). The methodology focuses on six types of resources: water, raw material, chemical agents, process scrap, packaging waste, and equipment and applies seven principles of resource efficiency to these resources. The result is a prioritized Integrated Resource plus Principles Matrix that guides manufactures through the resource efficiency process. REG combines the Integrated Resource plus Principles Matrix with real-world saving examples and spreadsheet calculators. Case studies with scenario analyses demonstrate the effectiveness of the REG at cost-effectively improving resource efficiency and reducing waste. Developing New Test Methods for Ceramic Matrix Composites using Digital Image Techniques School of Engineering: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering | Oral Presentation Independent Research STUDENTS Brittanie M Rooths | ADVISORS Margaret F Pinnell LOCATION, TIME RecPlex Main Gym, 10:45 AM–12:00 PM Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a promising material for high temperature applications (1000-1500 ̊C) and are potential candidates for structural aerospace applications. A major concern when designing a CMC component is delamination due to their low interlaminar tensile strength. This work focuses on developing a new method which uses the coupon geometry to generate an interlaminar tensile load. Micro digital image correlation (DIC) was used to measure localized strains to identify discontinuities in the gage section of the test coupon. While this new ILT test looks promising, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. Computed Tomography (CT) scans were used to acquire detailed images of the internal structures of the CMC. Additionally, the


Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in febrile children and a common cause of hospitalization, especially in very young children. We examined the clinical characteristics and predictive factors of concomitant bacteremia in pediatric patients with febrile UTI aged ≤24 months.

Methods
This retrospective multicenter study reviewed medical data from 2,141 patients from three centers from January 2000 to December 2019. Enrolled cases were classified into the bacteremic UTI and non-bacteremic UTI groups according to the presence of blood culture pathogens.

Results
Among 2,141 patients with febrile UTI, 40 (1.9%) had concomitant bacteremia. All patients in the bacterial group were aged ≤6 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age, lower blood lymphocyte counts and serum albumin levels, higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and BUN/serum albumin ratio were independent risk factors of concomitant bacteremia. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves predicting bacteremia were 0.668 for CRP, 0.673 for lymphocytes, and 0.759 for the BUN/albumin ratio.

Conclusion
The present study identified the BUN/albumin ratio and lower blood lymphocyte counts as novel predictive factors for bacteremia in young infants with febrile UTI in addition to the previously identified factors of younger age and higher CRP levels. Our findings could help to identify patients at high risk of bacteremia and benefit decision-making in the management of infants with febrile UTI.


An analytical method based on GC-MS has been developed for the determination of benzophenone and 4-methyl benzophenone in sunflower oil simulants of food packaging.The samples were extracted with acetonitrile using vortex and centrifuge.The extract was analyzed by GC-MS in selected ion monitoring(SIM) mode.The target analytes were quantified by external standard method.The limits of detection(S/N=3)for benzophenone and 4-methyl benzophenone were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg.The mean recoveries of the two compounds at the spiked levels of 0.2~10 mg/kg were 78.8%~95.9%,with the relative standard deviations of 0.88%~7.9%.


The catalytic asymmetric [3+2] cycloaddition of (3-isothiocyanato)oxindoles with azodicarboxylates has been explored in the presence of (DHQD)2PHAL. It affords spirooxindoles having two heterocycles at their C3′-position in excellent yields, with high enantioselectivities, and under mild conditions within 5 min. Moreover, another spirooxindole derived from the reaction of (3-isothiocyanato)oxindole with two molecules of azodicarboxylate could also be formed in excellent yields with the same high enantioselectivities under the standard conditions.


OBJECTIVE
The aim was to investigate the role of systemic inflammation in the relationship between periodontitis, edentulism and all-cause mortality in a group of men in Northern Ireland aged 58-72 years.

METHODS
A representative sample of 1558 men had a detailed dental examination between 2001 and 2003. The primary end point was death from any cause. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to assess the longitudinal relationship between periodontitis, edentulism and all-cause mortality. Accelerated failure time modelling was performed to investigate the mediating role of systemic inflammation.

RESULTS
Mean age of the men at baseline was 64.3 (SD 2.9) years. During a median follow-up of 17 years, 500 (32.1%) men died. After adjustment for confounding variables, compared to men with no/mild periodontitis, the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality amongst edentulous men was 1.52 (95% CI 1.16-1.99) p<0.01, and for those with severe periodontitis was 1.34 (95% CI 1.06-1.70) p=0.01. Systemic inflammation only accounted for a minor mediating pathway effect of 10%.

CONCLUSION
There was evidence in this group of men, that those who were edentulous or had severe periodontitis had a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality. Systemic inflammation was not a major explanatory mediator of this association.


Pyridine compounds exist in nature in various forms and are integral part of various natural products.1,2 The pyridine ring plays a key role in catalyzing both biological and chemical reactions.3 Various substituted pyridines demonstrate a wide range of applications. Among various substituted pyridines, cyano pyridine derivatives have been found to be an important sub class. Various substituted cyano pyridine derivatives are known to act as intermediates in the pharmaceutical, dye, photo and agrochemical industries.4‒6 Further, various cyano pyridines have drawn attention due to their wide spectrum biological activities.7‒11 Therefore, due to their applications in biological and chemical fields, it would be interesting to determine the solubility of some novel cyano pyridine derivatives in different solvents at various temperatures. The data may be useful for their application in other fields also.


It is well known that high levels of HbF exert a protective effect on the clinical outcome of sickle cell disease. For this reason hydroxyurea, a drug that increases levels of HbF, is standard treatment for sickle cell disease patients with severe clinical courses. We present, herein, two groups of patients with sickle cell disease (HbS / β thalassemia) with differing genotypes who present similar quantities of HbS, but who clearly have differences in the amounts of HbF and HbA. The table below presents the genotypes, and the hematological and clinical data of the two groups of patients. Data presented in the table demonstrate that the clinical course of the patients with a high percentage of HbA is very mild, whilst the clinical course of the patients with high levels of HbF is severe. It is important to note that the amount of HbA + HbF is not statistically different in the two groups (22.8±8.3 e 28.1±1.8). There were no other factors, such as haplotypes or α genotypes that could have interfered with the clinical presentation of the patients. Taken together, the data presented suggest that a protection against hemoglobin S polymerization in patients may be more effective in the presence of HbA compared to similar amounts of HbF. In this case, it would be possible to speculate that a therapy aiming to induce the production of HbA, even in small amounts, may be more effective in the treatment of sickle cell disease than the increase in the production of HbF.


This paper used artificial neural networks (ANN) in medium-term energy forecasting for the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) area of Bangkok, Thailand. This method could improve the electricity load efficiency of the MEA. Moreover, The combined ANN with the GIS in next paper have a key role in the decision-making for investment in new substation and power system planning for maintenance and operation. The input data were clustered by K-means algorithms before training by forecasting the models. In this research, the energy forecasting models were the ANN (2 hiddens & 4 hiddens). The prediction was based on the MEA's electrical energy history (six months; three months) and the gross domestic product (GDP). The results appeared to indicate that the prediction of ANN 4 hiddens (Classified Data Input) is more accurate.


Rocks observed by the Viking Landers and Pathfinder Lander/Sojourner rover exhibit a suite of perplexing rock textures. Among these are pits, spongy textures, penetrative flutes, lineaments, crusts, and knobs Fluvial, impact, chemical alteration, and aeolian mechanisms have been proposed for many of these. In an effort to better understand the origin and characteristics of Martian rock textures, abraded rocks in the Mojave Desert and other regions have been studied. We find that most Martian rock textures, as opposed to just a few, bear close resemblance to terrestrial aeolian textures and can most easily be explained by wind, not other, processes. Flutes, grooves, and some pits on Mars are consistent with abrasion by saltating particles, as described previously. However, many other rock textures probably also have an aeolian origin. Sills at the base of rocks that generally lie at high elevations, such as Half Dome, are consistent with such features on Earth that are related to moats or soil ramps that shield the basal part of the rock from erosion. Crusts consisting of fluted fabrics, such as those on Stimpy and Chimp, are similar to fluted crusts on Earth that spall off over time. Knobby and lineated rocks are similar to terrestrial examples of heterogeneous rocks that differentially erode. The location of specific rock textures on Mars also gives insight into their origin. Many of the most diagnostic ventifacts found at the Pathfinder site are located on rocks that lie near the crests or the upper slopes of ridges. On Earth, the most active ventifact formation occurs on sloped or elevated topography, where windflow is accelerated and particle kinetic energy and flux are increased. Integrated 0 together, these observations point to significant aeolian 0 modification of rocks on Mars and cast doubt on whether many primary textures resulting from other processes are preserved. Experimental simulations of abrasion in the presence of abundant sand indicate that rocks on Mars should erode at a rate of 7.7 to 210 micrometers/yr. These rates cannot have operated over the entire history of the Pathfinder site or elsewhere on Mars, because craters, knobs, and other obstacles would be quickly worn away. More likely, rock abrasion occurs over short time periods when sand supplies are sufficient and saltation friction speeds are frequently reached. Depletion or exhaustion of sand and a decline in wind fluxes at speeds greater than that of saltation friction will then act to reduce the rate of further abrasion. We are currently engaged in a new set of wind tunnel experiments coupled with theoretical models and field studies that address rock abrasion and ventifact formation on Mars and Earth. These studies have implications for the Noachian, when sand supplies were probably more plentiful and the threshold friction speed was possibly lower because of a more dense atmosphere. Under these conditions, erosion rates from the wind could have been much greater than to day, contributing, along with probable fluvial erosion, to the Noachian landscape that is in limited preservation today.


Optical wave-packet control and optimization is highly sought-after in numerous demanding applications. Recent advances have shown the potential of programable photonic integrated chips (PICs) [1] for enabling new optical functionalities. For instance, programmable delay lines (PDL) can be used for autonomous picosecond pulse shaping [2] as well as supercontinuum (SC) spectral shaping [3]. Recent work also demonstrated the potential of such approaches for gaining access to advanced spectro-temporal control [4] which would directly benefit applications such as nonlinear imaging and multiphoton microscopy [5]. Here, we demonstrate the spectro-temporal characterization and adaptive adjustment of broadband supercontinua (SC). The experimental setup shown in Fig. 1(a) comprises a femtosecond laser at 1550 nm, injected into an on-chip PDL [2]–[4] and used to generate a train of femtosecond pulses with a tunable pattern. This train of pulses is then amplified and sent into a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) to experience nonlinear spectral broadening. The broadband output SC spectrum is finally characterized via an X-FROG [6] setup that mixes the SC with an asynchronous femtosecond laser source (at 1040 nm) resulting in a sum-frequency generation (SFG) signal measured with a fast spectrometer. Here, the two lasers exhibit different yet stable repetition rates (i.e. locked but asynchronous), such that there is a constant frequency detuning yielding a fast scanning effect for the acquisition of the X-FROG spectrograms.


To The applicanT After completing all the relevant questions below, give this form to instructors whose courses you are enrolled in at the time you file your application and ask them to provide a general indication of your performance, including your current grade and (if they wish) additional comments, and to sign and date the form. They should also provide the course title, number, and credits. Legal Name ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Last/Family/Sur (Enter name exactly as it appears on official documents.) First/Given Middle (complete) Jr., etc. Birth Date ___________________________________________________ CAID (Common App ID)_______________________________________________ mm/dd/yyyy Address ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Number & Street Apartment # City/Town State/Province Country ZIP/Postal Code College or University you now attend _____________________________________________________ CEEB/ACT Code ______________________________


This essay examines the linkages between pre‐modern Christian millenarian groups and the broader Christian mainstream. By focusing on several fundamental Christian themes, the author aims to show that millenarian thought and behavior, though generally unorthodox and even heretical, retain strong connections to the tenets of the more orthodox Christian traditions which they distort.


The leading order contributions of processes involving anomalous pion-photon vertices to forward spin-dependent Compton scattering from nucleons are considered in heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory. These all involve the exchange of three pions between one or two photons and the nucleon, and hence are two-loop processes. We find that the sum of these processes vanishes in the manner predicted by the low energy theorem of Low, Gell-Mann and Goldberger as the photon energy goes to zero. This provides the first consistency test of two-loop HBCPT.


There are three parts of every company: sales and production with administration in between. Each has its own style requiring skills to suit those styles. This article examines the jobs according to people's personalities and abilities.


A scattered group of people often called ―hackers'' have been characterized as unethical, irresponsible, and a serious danger to society for actions related to penetrating into computer systems and websites. In the current day, the world has witnessed an unmatched index of Cyber-crimes whether they involve various attacks like Trojan attacks, salami attacks, e-mail bombing, DOS attacks, information theft, or the most common offence of hacking. Over the last decade, the frequency of cyber-crime has been increased despite a large number of technological measures implemented by corporate organizations and individuals. This paper endeavors to construct a picture of hackers, their concerns, and the discourse in which hacking takes place. This paper depicts the significance of hackers and gives suggestion that hackers are learners and explorers who want to help rather than causing damage, and who often have very high standards of conduct.


t Micromorphological analyses were carried out on a selection of thin-sectioned intervalss of Deep Freeze 1985 cores from Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula, to provide moree reliable interpretations with respec t to the local Quaternar y glacial history. Result s show thatt both pristine glacimarine and deformed glacimarine deposit s are preserve d in the sedimentar yy record. Deformation was determined to be either the resul t of gravity-driven movement ss of sediment , subglacial shearing, or coring imperfections. Subglaciall y deformed sediment ss were found in the southwes t part of the bay, which indicates the former presenc e off a grounded ice sheet , at least in this region of the Marguerite Bay continental shelf. InIn review with Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research.


Relevance feedback is an important application in information retrieval on Internet. This paper introduces a relevance feedback retrieval system to improve the searching results. The system is built on the Indri toolkit, using pseudo relevance feedback method. First, we introduce the framework of the relevance feedback system and the methods we used in each module. The main module of the system is relevance feedback module. In this module, our algorithm called KNN-KL-LM algorithm is introduced in details for query expansion, which is essential for relevance feedback. Experiments show that the retrieval results are obviously improved.


It has been demonstrated that adrenalectomized and immature female dogs may be brought into estrus with an extract of menopause urine (1, 2). The induced heat was of normal duration, and was apparently followed by a typical metestrum, as indicated by the prolonged survival period after cortical hormone had been withheld. These results compare favorably with those obtained when dogs are adrenalectomized during normal estrus (3), as well as when previously adrenalectomized dogs spontaneously come into estrus (4). Estrus has also been induced in the dog with follicular ovarian hormone (5 to 7). However, Grollman (7) found that adrenalectomized dogs following estrus induced with theelin failed to exhibit a prolonged life span, and he concluded that the induced cycle failed in some respect to duplicate all the physiological changes of normal estrus.


This paper aims to clarify opportunities for collaborative interactions between cooperating teachers (CTs) and preservice teachers (PTs) in practice-based teacher preparation programs (TPPs). The study aimed to explore the discursive moves that facilitate collaboration between one CT and PT.,Grounded in the critical sociocultural theory, this study applied a qualitative microanalytic approach to the study of coaching interactions for the purpose of understanding why and how collaborative discourse developed between a CT and a PT.,This study of discourse moves within collaborative coaching interactions revealed collaborative interactions developed from strategic repositioning of social roles, which created space for authentic problem-posing by both the CT and the PT, and the co-construction of teaching events, which supported more specific planning toward future lessons; and routine and appreciative use of observational data created space for co-construction and co-inquiry.,This study illuminated the complex social and discursive dance embedded within collaborative interactions. The findings also suggested that the project of co-constructing curriculum with someone is a powerful and necessary experience for a PT because it is through this co-construction that PTs learn how to design meaningful curriculum and critically reflect on practice.,This study offers new understandings around how collaborative talk in educational discourse transpires and why providing opportunities for PTs to take a more active role in their own learning is important.


Individual heat metering and charging (IMC) are seen as promising methods to reduce domestic heating and hot water use through the provision of financial incentives. The heat consumption measured by meters is influenced by both the dwelling characteristics and the behaviour of the occupant, but heating charges would ideally relate to occupant behaviour only. This dilemma can be especially relevant under two circumstances: if the thermal performance of the dwelling is poor and/or if heating costs represent a substantial part of the occupants' income, i.e. in social housing. The case of a district-heated council block in London is presented where the installation of individual heat meters was planned in 2010 but had to be suspended due to concerns about implications for occupant heating costs in light of the thermal performance of the building. It illustrates a technically and socially complex environment where fairness in allocating heating costs is an important concern. The case also shows how lack of funding or other issues on the infrastructure side can hinder behaviour-orientated measures such as IMC. A holistic energy conservation strategy addressing both physical building properties and occupant behaviour is therefore essential and should be supported by policy.


Interpretations of 12-lead resting electrocardiograms (ECGs) are often required in both ambulatory and inpatient settings. Organizations, including the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA), have published consensus-based competency standards suggesting the optimal number of ECGs necessary to obtain and maintain competency in ECG interpretation skills. The ACC/AHA guidelines recommend interpreting a minimum of 500 supervised ECGs during initial training, using standardized testing in ECG interpretation to confirm initial competency and interpreting 100 ECGs yearly to maintain competency (1). The consensus statement asserts that these standards should apply to all practice settings and situations; however, the statement is controversial because of the lack of evidence-based literature on the optimal techniques for learning, maintaining, and testing competency in ECG interpretation. This systematic review attempts to synthesize the literature that may prove useful for physicians, program directors, and organizations seeking alternative evidence-based information on physician ECG interpretation skills. Methods We retrieved information through systematic searches and ongoing surveillance of MEDLINE (1996 to 2002), EMBASE (1974 to 2002), and the Cochrane Controlled trials Register (1975 to 2002). We used the following index terms and text words: electrocardiogram interpretation, electrocardiogram competency, electrocardiogram training, electrocardiogram errors, and computer electrocardiogram interpretation. Our search was limited to English-language articles that studied adult participants. References of the full-length articles were analyzed for additional citations. The search revealed 419 articles of potential interest. After we analyzed the abstracts of these articles, we eliminated 378 because ECG interpretation was not the main study focus. Thirty-nine articles and 2 letters to the editor contained research data directly related to ECG interpretation. We divided the articles into the following broad categories: studies that included clinical outcomes (Table 1), studies that included discussion of the accuracy of computer ECG interpretation (Table 2), and all other studies that compared noncardiologists to a cardiologist reference standard (Table 3). The studies were not graded by quality. Although criteria exist for grading the quality of studies of diagnostic tests, the focus of our study was the users of the test rather than the usefulness of electrocardiography for diagnosing specific diseases. We also reviewed the recommendations of the American Board of Internal Medicine, American College of Physicians, AHA, ACC, and Accreditation Council on Graduate Medical Education Residency Review Committees for Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases (1, 43-45). Table 1. Electrocardiogram Interpretation Studies with Clinical Outcomes Table 2. Electrocardiogram Interpretation Studies Comparing Computer and Physician Interpretation Table 3. Electrocardiogram Interpretation Studies without Outcomes Related to Interpretation Errors Reference Standards for Determining ECG Interpretation Accuracy One common feature of most ECG interpretation studies is the use of an expert electrocardiographer gold standard, typically a consensus panel of cardiologists. This may be problematic because interpretations by several cardiologists reading the same ECG often vary substantially (14, 17, 29, 42). Even one cardiologist reading the same ECG on separate occasions may have substantially different interpretations (14, 29, 42). Most studies on ECG interpretation by cardiologists report the proportion of abnormal diagnoses that are correctly identified, as determined by a consensus panel. These studies report that the participating cardiologists correctly determined 53% to 96% of the abnormalities identified by the reference standard (4, 17, 21, 23, 24, 28, 30). Two recent studies examined whether cardiologists agreed among themselves and their colleagues by using statistics to adjust for interpretations that agreed on the basis of chance alone (14, 29). Holmvang and colleagues reviewed 502 ECGs examined by both local cardiologists and an expert electrocardiography consensus panel (29). Agreement was poor to moderate on identification of ST-segment elevation ( = 0.05), ST-segment depression ( = 0.38), and a normal ECG ( = 0.42). Interrater agreement on detecting T-wave inversion was very good ( = 0.63). In contrast, intrarater agreement by the expert electrocardiographic consensus panel was good ( = 0.58 to 0.67). Levels of agreement may be higher for serious abnormalities, such as ST-segment elevation criteria for use of thrombolytic therapy. Massel and colleagues reported substantial agreement ( = 0.78) among three cardiologists examining whether 75 ECGs met criteria for thrombolytic therapy (14). The study also showed good intrarater agreement ( = 0.67 to 0.71) when the three cardiologists determined criteria for thrombolytic therapy on two separate occasions. Because cardiologists do not agree on many aspects of ECG interpretation, future studies examining noncardiologist or computer interpretation should include statistics and control groups of cardiologists. Readers can then draw more sophisticated conclusions about the importance of disagreements in ECG analysis. More accurate measures of agreement, such as weighted statistics, should be included because disagreement may relate to only some aspects of the ECG interpretation. Frequency of ECG Interpretation Errors by Staff and Resident Physicians Numerous trials have compared the ECG interpretation skills of cardiologists and noncardiologists. Most studies measured the proportion of ECG diagnoses determined by an expert consensus panel gold standard that noncardiologist physicians could identify. Seven studies measuring comprehensive ECG analysis found that the proportion of ECG diagnoses correctly identified by noncardiologist physicians ranged from 36% to 96% (4-6, 8, 11, 13, 33). In several studies that focused on a particular aspect of ECG interpretation, noncardiologists identified 87% to 100% of ECGs showing acute myocardial ischemia (6, 27), correctly classified 72% to 94% of ECGs as meeting inclusion criteria for thrombolytic therapy (3, 26, 30, 32, 37, 40), diagnosed 57% to 95% of ST-segment abnormalities (2, 9, 26), and correctly measured about 25% of PR and QT intervals (36). Although most studies combined resident and staff physicians in their analyses, some provided data allowing subgroup analysis. Twelve articles included information specifically on resident physician interpretation skills. Resident physicians detected 96% of abnormal ECGs (15), correctly identified inclusion criteria for thrombolytic therapy 73% to 84% of the time (3, 26, 30, 32), demonstrated 36% to 80% of ECG diagnoses as determined by expert electrocardiographers (5, 6, 11, 13, 21, 28, 41), and discovered 38% of technical ECG abnormalities (41). Only two articles provided sufficient information for subgroup analysis on noncardiologist staff physicians. The articles did not provide information on specialty background or board certification. Staff physicians correctly identified inclusion criteria for thrombolytic therapy 77% of the time (30) and diagnosed abnormal ST-segment and T-wave abnormalities 57% to 97% of the time (16). Four studies provided information on the ECG interpretation skills of nonphysicians. In two studies, nurses correctly identified ECG criteria for thrombolytic therapy 84% to 94% of the time (30, 37). The other studies examined the interpretation skills of medical students (28, 38), who identified 17% to 63% of ECG abnormalities identified by an expert reference standard. Trainees often gain experience in ECG interpretation when they use an ECG to assist in the clinical management of a patient. Not surprisingly, research has shown that clinical history may affect interpretation of ECGs (28, 31, 38). Providers with less training are influenced by the history to a greater extent than are more experienced electrocardiographers. For example, when given a misleading history, diagnostic accuracy was reduced by 5% for cardiologists but up to 25% for residents in one recent study (28). Cardiologists performed better than other interpreters in all settings and were 90% accurate in their diagnoses, even when no history was provided. Another study also demonstrated that interpretations by cardiologists were minimally dependent on the presence or absence of history (46). This information suggests that noncardiologist interpreters may make more accurate interpretations when they know the clinical context of the ECG. False-positive ECG interpretations could lead to unnecessary patient treatment. Six studies examined this aspect of interpretation (9, 15-17, 37, 40). Cardiologists typically had fewer false-positive interpretations than did noncardiologists. Cardiologists demonstrated a specificity of 93% to 100% for diagnosis of substantial ECG abnormalities, such as myocardial ischemia; specificity for noncardiologist physicians was 73% to 100%. In simpler determinations, such as differentiating normal from abnormal ECGs, the specificity of noncardiologists also approached that of cardiologists (15). Severity and Consequences of Errors in ECG Interpretation Eleven studies examined whether ECG interpretation errors could affect patient management, and seven measured patient outcomes (Table 1). Thirteen studies assessing the severity of interpretation errors reported that 4% to 33% of interpretations contained errors of major importance (2-13, 21). Expert consensus panels studied the charts of patients with ECG interpretation errors and determined whether a correct ECG interpretation would have changed patient management. This more detailed analysis revealed inappropriate management as a result of interpretation errors in 0% to 11% of cases (Tabl


How important a role do commercial banks play in funding nonfinancial borrowing? Ten years after the end of the industry's most significant crisis since the Great Depression, does banking remain a major player in financing the nation's economic activity? This paper examines the evolving role that commercial banks play in U.S. credit markets.


THE ADVANCE in metal-rolling techniques during the past two decades has been tremendous. The delivery speeds of tandem cold mills have increased from 3,500 to more than 7,000 feet per minute. The reversal time (base speed to base speed) of electric-driven blooming and slabbing mills has been reduced from 2 seconds to less than 1 second with a resultant increase in output. Rod and tube mills have been greatly improved which has resulted in higher quality and a reduction in scrap.


In this project, I examine the uses of euphemistic language and concealed erotic content in Charlotte Bronte's novels Villette and Jane Eyre with additional support from Shirley . Based on historicized readings of repression, I argue that the author includes non-traditional gender roles and sexualities in her novels to question the status quo. Because of the culture of publishing in the mid-nineteenth century, however, she was not free to write openly about sexual activities. Instead, Bronte used figurative language and sensual imagery to convey non-traditional gender performance and moments of eroticism.


The effects of life-course; employment and labor market characteristics on the probability ofpension participation and on type ofpension coverage are estimatedfor two cohorts of working women in middle and late life, respectively. The National Longitudinal Surveys of Mature and Young Women are used to differentiate the relative importance of life course and diverse structuralfactors on worker pension participation and employer coverage patterns. The defined contribution plan is argued to be an indicator of the changing employment relationship which is relieving employers ofpension liability and increasing workers' responsibilities for retirement saving. Probit regressions are used to estimate the relative risks for nonparticipation in any pension among these working women. Multinominal logistic models, controllingfor selectivity, estimate cohortprocesses in workers' access to employer-provided pension types. The results reveal the relative importance for middle-aged and older women of life course and structural variables that reflect life stage and changing employment relationships. Younger cohorts appear to be relatively more vulnerable to the changing employment contract given their greater dependence on defined contribution plans and the conflict between family and market contingencies.


The prudent management of hazardous materials, from their procurement to their proper disposal, is a critical element of a departmental laboratory safety program. However, it is known that the management of chemical residues involves a high cost and few studies are carried out aiming at assisting in the implementation of this system of management mainly about educational and research institutions. This work therefore presents the economic feasibility analysis in the implementation of the chemical waste management system in laboratories of a Brazilian University. The data were obtained through a questionnaire applied to the technicians of the laboratories generating chemical residues, these being, teaching, research and clinics of the university. The economic-financial analysis has shown that the internal treatment of waste with the construction of a laboratory in the university is an unfeasible project. However, the project is feasible using the already existing structure, such as the chemistry laboratory in the idle periods. In this way, waste treatment on the university campus is feasible, in relation to the costs involved with outsourcing. However, it is necessary to ensure that the chemical standards for sewage disposal, as stipulated by the responsible bodies, are achieved.


In this paper, we present an innovative mechanism that enables a mobile terminal to efficiently perform handover decisions from Macrocells to Femtocells. Due to the fact the Femtocell networks are randomly deployed forming a new unplanned network layer in the actual planned Macrocell network layer, the use of additional information support from the network side is essential in order to enable discovery mechanisms for all Femtocells in the mobile terminal surroundings. For this purpose, the Macro-Femto handover algorithm introduces an innovative and complete mechanism that uses context information (provided by EU project C2POWER architecture) for Femtocell discovery procedures. Finally, the proposed mechanism uses a handover decision based on the required transmission power to select the best cell to connect to. Simulation results using the proposed mechanism, in a scenario with Macrocells and indoor Femtocells, show that outdoor mobile terminals are able to increase the power efficiency by reducing the overall transmission power.


The invention discloses filter material finishing liquid for improving filtering precision, and a preparation method and application thereof. The filter material finishing liquid comprises the following components: 5-7% of PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) emulsion, 0.5-2% of JFC penetrant, 0.5-1% of tween, 1-3% of silicone oil, 1-3% of silicone oil emulsion, and the balance of water. Application of the filter material finishing liquid for improving filtering precision in filter material production is provided. The formula and process of the filter material finishing liquid are simple, thin film is formed among fiber gaps of a filter material through finishing, the ability of the filter material to intercept dust during dedusting is improved, the resisting ability of fibers under working conditions is enhanced, and the life of needle-spun filter material is prolonged.


Isolates of Candida africana and C. dubliniensis were recovered from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). The isolates were initially identified as C. albicans through use of the API Candida System. We retrospectively reexamined 1014 vaginal isolates presumptively determined to be C. albicans at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from 1 January 2003 through 31 December 2012. Our objective was to determine, via detection of the HWP1 gene, if any of the isolates were C. africana or C. dubliniensis. One and a half percent of these isolates (15/1014) were found to be C. africana, whereas C. dubliniensis was not detected. The 15 C. africana isolates were susceptible to nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and clotrimazole. Candida africana could not be recovered from clinical vaginal specimens from the 15 patients at follow-up on days 7-14 and days 30-35 when treated with different antifungal agents. We conclude that C. africana, but not C. dubliniensis, was present in the vaginal samples of patients with VVC. The C. africana isolates were susceptible to the tested antifungal agents. VVC caused by C. africana appears to respond well to current therapies.


Qingdao keyboard instrument comes from the spread of Western religious culture,the early church and church schools are the beginning of the development of keyboard instrument music culture. In this article,based on the historical data collected,I will take the social background between the late 19th and early20th to interpret that the Western keyboard instrument appeared firstly in Qingdao and its early application.


This paper describes the effects to sufferers of exposure to low frequency noise in the UK. Low frequency noise is now a recognised problem in many countries in the world and although a relatively small number of people are affected, those who are tend to suffer severe distress. In most situations a single sufferer, or perhaps a couple living in the same property, is affected but occasionally a cluster of complaints arises in a particular area. Human reaction to sound is known to be dependent not just on the sound itself, but on a complex array of other factors including personal associations with the sound. In undertaking a project, funded by Defra, to develop a procedure to assess low frequency noise complaints, we complimented the physical recordings of low frequency sounds in homes with questionnaires and interviews with the sufferers themselves to determine whether sociological or other factors might influence the results. From this we obtained a significant amount of personal data about the individuals themselves. This gave a significant overview of the background to the LFN complaint that might have a bearing on the responses. In this paper we discuss the rationale for collecting details about individuals' residential and occupational histories, their general health, details of the noise they are exposed to, suspected sources of the noise, effects of the noise on themselves and their health, and any measures they have taken to cope with or avoid the noise. We demonstrate that many complainants have ongoing problems which they associate with low frequency noise, and which have a fairly serious impact on their lives. We show how these sociological factors have been incorporated into a 'Procedure for the assessment of low frequency noise complaints' to be used by local authorities and argue that the answers to the questions developed help local authorities distinguish cases where they should act from those where they can do nothing to help.


Data scarcity is a fundamental obstacle to the adoption of deep learning models for a variety of detection tasks in medical images due to inherent difficulties in acquiring and labeling such images. This is particularly so for cerebral microbleed (CMB) detection in community cohorts where datasets are small and targets are hard to find. While numerous methods have been proposed for leveraging unlabeled data and semi-supervised learning to improve detection performance, unlabeled data may not be available in some domains. Data synthesis provides an alternative approach for increasing the size of the dataset but learning a realistic synthesis model using state-of-the-art methods such as generative adversarial networks suffers from the same data scarcity challenges as the detection model. In this work, we propose an end to end approach for refining synthesized examples developed using a priori domain knowledge, in order to improve detection performance using limited amounts of actual data. We combine detection and synthesis in a single network and incorporate detection loss into the synthesis refinement block in order to encourage the generation of realistic synthetic data, while concurrently updating the detection model trained with a small set of real data to enforce realistic synthesis and prevent overfitting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to improve CMB detection on postmortem MRI data and show significant improvements in average precision over baseline data synthesis and adversarial approaches.


The in-vehicle eCall is an emergency call generated either manually by vehicle occupants or automatically via activation of in-vehicle sensors. When implemented at European level, eCall will save hundreds of lives by shortening the response time of the emergency services. During 2011 eCall was implemented in Romania, as part of the HeERO project. After analysing the number of road accidents at national level and the current E112 system architecture, a centralized approach was chosen the implementation of eCall in Romania. The next step was drafting the system architecture and the technical specifications for the needed upgrades. Romania is one of the 9 countries that participate in the Harmonized eCall European Pilot (HeERO), a pilot project that aims to prepare, carry-out and coordinate eCall predeployment pilots at European level. The eCall system implemented in Romania deals with all the components of the service chain and has an interface with the EUCARIS database and one with the Traffic Management Centre. For all the tests, in-vehicle systems produced by a national company are used.


In China, the relationship between government and social organizations has been promoting the emergence and development of social organizations directly, and studying the historical evolution of the relationship between them has much significance for the future development of social organizations. Since the foundation of China, the relationship between government and social organizations has experienced roughly 4 stages, including the period of control and management, the period of attachment and dependence, the period of half-attachment and half-independence, and the period of preliminary exploration of cooperative partnership. Through clearing up the development process, it's not hard to find that with the improvement of market economy and maturity of civil society, the two-way interaction between government and social organizations will increase gradually, and forming partnership in provision of public service is an inevitable trend.


Baidupedia is an example of on-line cyclopedia based on peer production,which is a newly emerging mode of knowledge production.Peer producers' participating motivations are significant and special,which is the key to reveal the participating behavior.Taking the typical instance of peer production-Baidupedia as example,we constructed a SEM model of Baidupedia users' participating behavior and participating motivations.As was shown in our research,Baidupedia users' motivations of use-value,interest,competence,intercourse and need to know were generally related with their participating behavior.


PLEISTOCENE. NEW CITATIONS. A second campaign performed to collect samples at the marine neotirrenic paleontological site of Portocolom (S.T. 11) has given a list of 17 species and varietees of mollucs which had not been previously cited; all belong to the Gastropoda class. Five of the species and two varieties are new citations for the Quaternary in the Balearic Islands. We describe the species, commenting on their habitat, geographical and stratigraphical distribution.


__________________________________________________________________________________________ The most common cancer among all skin cancers is basal cell carcinoma. It occurs five times more likely than squamous cell carcinoma. In total, the incidence of skin cancer in Poland was in 2005, more than 4,300 new cases in women and nearly 4,000 men. Skin cancer is ranked in terms of the incidence of cancer, respectively, the 3 and 5 position. The incidence of skin cancer is associated with exposure to sunlight. Skin cancer most often locates on the exposed parts of the body (hands, face, neck, scalp particularly in those balding). Most often affects people in 6 and 7 decade of life. The aim of the study was to present the carcinogenic factors responsible for the development of skin cancers and to briefly discuss individual skin cancers. We analysed Polish and foreign bibliography on the prevention of skin cancers based on the most recent reports.


There is a growing consensus in the literature that self-esteem and subjective happiness are strongly interrelated. Self-esteem is generally defined by how much people value themselves. People with higher self-esteem feel happier than those with lower self-esteem (Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003; Diener & Diener, 1995). Likewise, there is some evidence suggesting that self-esteem functions as a buffer against stress. Compared to people with lower self-esteem, those with higher self-esteem suffer fewer feelings of distress and cope well when they perceive discrimination against themselves (Corning, 2002). Indeed, compared to people with lower self-esteem, those with higher self-esteem are more likely to pay spontaneous attention to positive information when exposed to exclusion-relevant stimuli or when asked to visualize a demanding and criticizing relationship partner (DeWall et al., 2011). Given that perception of one's positive feelings can contribute to mental health (Taylor & Brown, 1988), people with higher self-esteem are more likely than those with lower self-esteem to maintain mental well-being and happiness by attending to positive information and generating happy thoughts, even when they experience negative events. Self-esteem is also associated with the extent to which people feel that they are accepted or excluded. Sociometer theory suggests that high self-esteem is related to feelings of acceptance, whereas low self-esteem is related to feelings of exclusion (Leary,


We present observations of H2 fluorescence at wavelengths between 1000 and 1200 Å from the bright reflection nebula IC 63. Observations were performed with the Berkeley spectrograph aboard the ORFEUS II mission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detection of astrophysical H2 fluorescent emission at these wavelengths (excluding planetary atmospheres). The shape of the spectrum is well described by the model of Sternberg. The absolute intensity, however, is fainter by a factor of 10 than an extrapolation from observations at longer ultraviolet wavelengths. Of the mechanisms that might help to reconcile these observations, optical depth effects in the fluorescing H2 itself are the most promising (or at least the most difficult to rule out).


Objective
To analyze the application value of SCS score in prognostic prediction of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in emergency department.

Methods
A total of 350 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Mianyang from January to December of 2015 were selected. MEWS and SCS scores were used respectively after admission to emergency department. The scores were compared between survival group and death group. The mortality rates of each group with SCS score less than 5, 6-11, and 12 points were compared. The difference and correlation between SCS score and MEWS score were compared. The accuracies of SCS score and MEWS score were compared.

Results
With the increase of SCS score, the mortality rate and MEWS score increased (P<0.05). There were significant differences between any two groups(P<0.05). The SCS score and MEWS score in the death group were higher than those in the survival group (P<0.05). SCS was positively correlated with MEWS score (r=0.647, P<0.01). AUCSCS=0.908, AUCMEWS=0.896, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion
SCS score is more reliable and accurate for evaluating the condition and prognosis of patients with acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage , which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
SCS score; Hypertension; Cerebral hemorrhage; Prognosis


In this Paper we investigate a tunable metallic photonic crystal filter with a novel mechanical tuning method, suitable for use in terahertz frequency applications. Tuning has been demonstrated in a micrometer-driven prototype at 70 - 110 GHz in accordance with rigorous full-vector electromagnetic simulations (finite-difference time-domain). The measured pass band has a Q of 11 and can be tuned over a 3.5 GHz range. The insertion loss is only 1.1 to 1.7 dB, while the stop band attenuation is >10 dB. The filter has the advantages of inexpensive, robust and compact construction and tunable operation that readily scales to any desired terahertz frequency.