Using responses from mailed checklists, the actual and expected values of 10 occupational roles were identified for 201 randomly selected 25-, 35-, 45-, and 55-year-old Northern Swedish subjects, who also reported their levels of satisfaction with life as a whole and with eight domains of life. The 10 occupational roles were clustered into four factors labeled "meta-roles": family, vocational, and two leisure meta-roles. The role preferences remained stable for men and women age 35 and 45; however, 25-year-olds expected to gain some roles and 55-year-olds expected to lose the worker role in 10 years. Hence, an age-related role career was identified. Several of the 10 occupational roles and the meta-roles (factors) exhibited logical adaptations to circumstances such as gender and parenthood, as well as role career. The meta-roles were closely related to level of satisfaction within six of the eight domains, indicating that fulfillment of different occupational roles is important for different aspects of life satisfaction.


With a definition of the innovation culture and an analysis of the current situation in this respect, this article stresses on the necessity of the innovation culture for Ningbo and discusses the strategies that Ningbo should take in building such a culture.


BACKGROUND
Most of the safety data of clobazam came from well-designed clinical trials, while the real-world information is insufficient.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database and conducted a systematic review of case reports regarding adverse drug reactions (ADR) linked to clobazam.

RESULTS
The analysis of FAERS identified 595 ADR signals. Nervous system disorders were the most frequent reported positive signals. Except for seizure (n=1696) and somnolence (n=813), drug interactions (n=492) were the most frequent reported positive signal. Totally 502 unique citations were initially retrieved and 31 individual cases from 28 publications were included. Skin reactions were the most reactions (n=9), containing 3 types of severe reactions not alerted in the instruction. Five cases were caused by interactions between clobazam and other antiepileptic drugs, etravirine-based antiretroviral therapy, omeprazole or meropenem. One patient died of aspiration pneumonia.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians must pay attention to severe skin reactions and monitor the sign of suspicious respiratory infections/inflammations and central sedation. Patients with skin reactions will benefit from the withdrawal of clobazam and the treatment with glucocorticoids. The drug reactions between clobazam with severe or moderate cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 or CYP2C19 inhibitors or other antiepileptic drugs should also be alerted.


Scores of individuals pursue careers in nursing because they yearn to work in a compassionate manner, but current nursing positions are often perceived as stressful and the environments uncaring. In some work places, the nurses' quality of living and practice perspectives are often overlooked or not considered important. As a result, large numbers of nurses are attracted to holistic modalities, but these nurses must be creative when integrating healing techniques into practices within and outside the mainstream workplace. Typical holistic nursing practices include such modalities as aromatherapy, herbal medicine, energy work, meditation, guided imagery, massage, and craniosacral therapy, to name just a few. Holistic nursing uses the science of conventional nursing education and theory as a framework for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) healing modalities. Because the practice of nursing is regulated by each state, the ability of nurses to bring CAM modalities into a nursing framework depends upon how each state defines CAM and integrates it into the profession. Nurses wanting to work outside the current traditional healthcare system while maintaining a nursing license must contact their state's board of nursing and ask for a contact person who can help with the legalities of setting up an alternative nursing practice (Amdall Thompson, 2003). As CAM modalities are documented according to theory and with the standard taxonomies, they are then acknowledged in peer-reviewed journals and slowly brought into the domain of mainstream nursing activities. For instance, Margaret Neuman's theory of health as expanding consciousness provides the nurse with a conceptual framework for applying modalities based on recognizing patterns of archetypal expression in such insightproducing therapies as astrology, Tarot counseling, guided imagery, and dream interpretation. Neuman's theory explains how client insights lead to an expanded awareness that is a necessary component of growth and development (Neuman, 1999). This supports what health psychology researchers like Jeanne Achterberg (1985) and others have told us for over 30 years: Careful attention to the development of the mind and spirit is needed for optimal psychological and physical healing to occur. Documentation of nursing care using CAM modalities makes it clear that the care is practiced within the scope of our profession. Using taxonomies such as North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) Classification of Nursing Diagnoses makes a statement of client problems and nursing concerns as well as opportunities to promote wellness. By using these classification systems, nurses are accomplishing three important things: (1) identifying work as within the scope of professional nursing, (2) appropriately documenting care, and (3) adding to a body of knowledge for nurses to use about specific interventions (Cavan Frisch, 2001). Pioneering holistic nurses explore and introduce complementary and alternative therapeutic modalities to nursing in language that can be understood. Although we have a long way to go before integrating holistic nursing practices within institutional workplaces, nurses can be proud of what we are accomplishing within the respected framework of the nursing profession.


Single crystals of potassium lanthanum orthophosphate are prepared from high‐temperature melts containing potassium molybdate as a flux and structurally investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The framework is shown to be constructed from isolated LaO7 monocapped prisms and PO4 tetrahedra through corner‐ and edge‐sharing giving rise to 2D sheets with composition [La(PO4)2]3−. Three types of potassium cations reside between these layers. For the solid solutions K3La1−xEux(PO4)2 (x = 0.1–0.9) prepared by the solid‐state route, the excitation and emission luminescence spectra are studied at room temperature. The emission spectra exhibit strong reddish performance, which is due to the 5D0→7FJ transitions of Eu3+ ions. The correlation between the structure and the photoluminescent properties of the phosphors is studied. The energy transfer and concentration quenching of the phosphors are discussed. Solid solutions K3La1−xEux(PO4)2 have a potential application for white‐light‐emitting diodes.


purposes), frequency of visits to sacred places (directly related neither to the level nor to the deity), and caste of pilgrims. The chapters dealing with the diffusion of religious beliefs and with pilgrim interaction contain many valuable conclusions about the manner in which the ' compartments' of Hinduism interact while remaining separate; this section also contains a welcome glimpse of actual human beings—a tale of two selfmade, soi-disant holy men defending thenincipient shrines against the religious establishment with admirable and humorous ingenuity. Elsewhere, the figures and statistics are left to speak for themselves, with Bhardwaj's able interpretations to guide the reader through a detailed study of an aspect of Hinduism long recognized as highly significant but never before carefully assessed. As Bhardwaj maintains, and proves, the shrines ' broadly define and continually re-emphasize the Hindu sacred space. They have knitted the linguistically diverse Hindu population socially, culturally, and spatially at different integrative levels. Their significance is to be measured in their capacity to generate and maintain a massive system of religious circulation '.


Energy crops are positioned as the most promising renewable energy sources. Over recent years, the use of biomass has been growing significantly, especially in countries that have made a strong commitment to renewable sources in their energy policies. One of the aspects of the use of biomass for energy is that it is still controversial with regard to full environmental sustainability. Unfortunately, the existing environmental evaluation tools in many cases are unable to manage uncertain input data. Fuzzy-set-based methods, instead, have proved to be able to deal with uncertainty in environmental topics. The idea of this chapter is to reproduce a solution by decoding it from the domain of knowledge with the calculus of fuzzy "if-then" rules. A methodology based on Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) is proposed to assess the environmental sustainability of biomass.


Mobile phones can act as a reservoir of a wide variety of bacterial species, many of which have the potential to be pathogenic. A cross sectional study was carried out in two health facilities in the southern part of Nigeria within a two month period to screen the mobile phones of health workers for bacterial contamination. 58 % of hospital staff mobile phones were contaminated with bacteria and the most prevalent bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus (34%). Other bacteria isolated were Micrococcus sp (14%), Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (24%), P aeruginosa (14%) and E.coli (14%). Mobile phones of Clinical staff were more contaminated than those of the non clinical staff though the difference was not statistically significant as p> 0.05. Cleaning and proper handling of mobile phones by all hospital staff is relevant to curtail the spread of Nosocomial infections


Abstract We study smooth quartic surfaces in ℙ3 which admit a group of projective automorphisms isomorphic to the icosahedron group.


The construction of a high energy resolution gamma ray detector consisting of a scintillator/mercuric iodide photodetector combination has been investigated. Several HgI/sub 2/ photodetectors have been fabricated and tested with standard NIM electronics. The energy resolution of a scintillator/HgI/sub 2/ pair was found to be 4.75%, full width at half maximum, for 662 keV /sup 137/Cs gamma ray photons. Of five detectors fabricated with our new technique, all produced resolutions better than 5.6% FWHM. This technology makes it possible to reliably produce high quality HgI/sub 2/ photodetectors. New design concepts for the HgI/sub 2/ photocell, including the transparent entrance electrode, detector geometry, and detector packaging, are described in the paper. Advantages of gamma ray spectrometers based upon crystal scintillators optically coupled to HgI/sub 2/ photodetectors (in contrast to coupling the scintillators to the more conventional light sensors, i.e., photomultiplier tubes (PMTs)) include greater ruggedness, improved energy resolution, markedly smaller size and weight, reduced power, and insensitivity to magnetic field perturbations. >


Over the last years, physical attacks have been massively researched due to their capability to extract secret information from cryptographic engine. These hacking techniques are based on exploiting information from physical implementations instead of cryptographic algorithm flaws. Faultinjection attacks (FA) and Side-channel analysis (SCA) are the most popular techniques of implementation attacks. Aiming to secure cryptographic devices against such attacks, many studies have proposed a variety of developed and sophisticated countermeasures. Hence, the majority of these secured approaches are used for precise and single attack and it is difficult to thwart hybrid attack, such as combined power and fault attacks. In this work, the Advanced Encryption Standard is used as a case study in order to analyse the most well-known physical-based Hacking techniques: Differential Fault Analysis (DFA) and Correlation Power Analysis (CPA). Consequently, with the knowledge of such contemporary hacking technique, we proposed a low overhead countermeasure for the AES implementation that combines the concept of correlated power noise generating with a combined-approach based fault detection scheme. Keywords—Advanced encryption standard; fault attack; power attacks; combined countermeasure; hardware implementation


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fuel cell vehicle that effectively utilizes a motor peripheral space while suppressing a power transmission loss and suppresses an impact that is applied on a power converter on a vehicle collision or a rear-end collision.SOLUTION: The fuel cell vehicle includes: a secondary battery 151 disposed on an upper side of a PCU55; and the PCU55 fixed to a transaxle TA and disposed on a forward side relative to a rear end part TAr of the transaxle TA.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2


Abstract This review presents a compositional database of primary anatectic granitoid magmas, entirely based on melt inclusions (MI) in high-grade metamorphic rocks. Although MI are well known to igneous petrologists and have been extensively studied in intrusive and extrusive rocks, MI in crustal rocks that have undergone anatexis (migmatites and granulites) are a novel subject of research. They are generally trapped along the heating path by peritectic phases produced by incongruent melting reactions. Primary MI in high-grade metamorphic rocks are small, commonly 5–10 μm in diameter, and their most common mineral host is peritectic garnet. In most cases inclusions have crystallized into a cryptocrystalline aggregate and contain a granitoid phase assemblage (nanogranitoid inclusions) with quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, and one or two mica depending on the particular circumstances. After their experimental remelting under high-confining pressure, nanogranitoid MI can be analyzed combining several techniques (EMP, LA-ICP-MS, NanoSIMS, Raman). The trapped melt is granitic and metaluminous to peraluminous, and sometimes granodioritic, tonalitic, and trondhjemitic in composition, in agreement with the different P-T-aH2O conditions of melting and protolith composition, and overlap the composition of experimental glasses produced at similar conditions. Being trapped along the up-temperature trajectory—as opposed to classic MI in igneous rocks formed during down-temperature magma crystallization—fundamental information provided by nanogranitoid MI is the pristine composition of the natural primary anatectic melt for the specific rock under investigation. So far ~600 nanogranitoid MI, coming from several occurrences from different geologic and geodynamic settings and ages, have been characterized. Although the compiled MI database should be expanded to other potential sources of crustal magmas, MI data collected so far can be already used as natural "starting-point" compositions to track the processes involved in formation and evolution of granitoid magmas.


Exoskeletons are used in different applications including the area of physical therapy in order to facilitate the patient's exercises and as an assisting technology to assist the elderly carry out their ordinary activities. At the beginning of this paper, the RoboWalk assistive device is introduced. Before constructing the system, the performance of the device must be analyzed through different simulations. Hence, the dynamics of the human and RoboWalk are then obtained using the Newton-Euler (NE) and the Recursive Newton Euler Algorithm (RNEA). The obtained models are then augmented to the human model to estimate the RoboWalkjoint forces and torques, and those of the human model. then, RoboWalk is imported to the human model in Opensim software and the augmented model is obtained by defining some constraints and joint models. Controllers are then designed for the human and Robo Walk in Opensim. In the next step, The NE and RNEA models are then compared to the models obtained from Opensim software using the same gait data. It is shown that the NE and RNEA methods match very closely and both of the models possess the same behavior as the Opensim model.


Significance The molecular machines that carry out important biological functions in living cells are often made from smaller units that self-assemble inside the cell. Despite decades of research into the function of assembled molecular complexes, little is known about how their assembly itself is regulated to accommodate varying environmental conditions. We measure how the assembly of the bacterial flagellar motor depends on its operational parameters, such as speed and torque. Based on these measurements, we use tools from statistical physics to construct a model for the regulated self-assembly, which largely captures the observed kinetics. This work advances our understanding of how interactions between protein subunits can be tuned by external stimuli to functionally control the formation of macromolecular assemblies. Multisubunit protein complexes are ubiquitous in biology and perform a plethora of essential functions. Most of the scientific literature treats such assemblies as static: their function is assumed to be independent of their manner of assembly, and their structure is assumed to remain intact until they are degraded. Recent observations of the bacterial flagellar motor, among others, bring these notions into question. The torque-generating stator units of the motor assemble and disassemble in response to changes in load. Here, we used electrorotation to drive tethered cells forward, which decreases motor load, and measured the resulting stator dynamics. No disassembly occurred while the torque remained high, but all of the stator units were released when the motor was spun near the zero-torque speed. When the electrorotation was turned off, so that the load was again high, stator units were recruited, increasing motor speed in a stepwise fashion. A model in which speed affects the binding rate and torque affects the free energy of bound stator units captures the observed torque-dependent stator assembly dynamics, providing a quantitative framework for the environmentally regulated self-assembly of a major macromolecular machine.


The European conquest of Asia is one of the major historical movementsof our time. Pannikar calls this the age of Vasco DeGama, Parry writesof the rise of European Hegemony, and McNeill sees it as part of an evenbroader historical process that he calls the rise of the west. For all observers it was truly a conquest, a violent and bloody struggle in which Europe gained the ascendence through superior military might.


In this paper, I show some internal variations in different areas of the Israeli Muṯallaṯ. Muṯallaṯ Arabic, first described by Jastrow (2004), is considered a unitary linguistic area within rural Muslim Palestinian Arabic. I consider here only the traditional varieties, spoken by elders over age 70. In particular, I analyse the diverse diffusion of the loss of emphasis of */q/ and the affrication of */k/ that characterises the entire Muṯallaṯ linguistic region. Dialectal differences are also found in anaptyctic vowels, presentative forms, personal pronouns, final imāla , pausal forms, lexical items, among other features.


Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) codes can, in principle, be used to determine the electromagnetic response of complex scatterers. However, the extent to which structural details can be accommodated is limited by computer resources and one's ability to specify necessary parameters. By embedding into the FDTD code alternative numerical methods that solve the aspects of the problem which are not practical, or possible, for the FDTD code to handle, power and flexibility can be added. This report investigates three such hybrid schemes. Topics include: (1) embedding a transient multiconductor/circuit-analysis code so that coupling down to the component level can be directly computed; (2) the effectiveness of using a multiconductor transmission-line code to analyze shielded multiwire cables in FDTD calculations; and (3) the effectiveness of using two-- and three-- dimensional aperture transfer functions to model narrow apertures in FDTD formulations. These topics were selected because of their immediate need in system assessments. Experimental measurements and/or alternative solution methods are used to verify the hybrid approaches. 56 figs.


Photoelectron spectroscopy is an excellent technique to explore chemically complex systems in catalysis. However, due to a small mean free path of photoelectrons in gas, liquid, and solid media, the study of the gas–solid, liquid–gas, solid–liquid interfaces, as well as liquid homogeneous systems are a serious challenge. With differentially pumped analyzers this limitation ceases to exist and no longer restricts photoelectron spectroscopy only to ultra‐high vacuum conditions. Presently, photoemission studies at tens of mbar of pressure are possible. To reach atmospheric pressure and even higher, membrane‐covered closed cells have been developed. Graphene membranes are impermeable to molecules and almost transparent to photoelectrons. They are used as a pressure barrier between the enclosed cell at atmospheric pressure and the electron analyzer at vacuum while allowing transmission of photoelectrons. By accessing to atmospheric pressure range, with this kind of cell, photoemission studies will become a versatile in situ and operando tool for catalysis. Studies involving liquids in static conditions are an important aspect in this direction, which can be extended to homogeneous catalytic systems. Liquids are presently accessible using micro‐jets. Another aspect which is of paramount interest to investigate catalysts is time resolution. By improving the time resolution of photoemission measurements to the sub‐second regime it is possible to follow the kinetic changes that are crucial of a catalytic reaction, the changes that occur during catalyst pretreatment and activation, and notably to differentiate active species from spectator ones, which may be the dominating species in a classical experiment.


Though uncommon in most microfluidic systems due to the dominance of viscous and capillary stresses, it is possible to drive microscale fluid flows with considerable inertia using surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which are nanometer order amplitude electro-elastic waves that can be generated on a piezoelectric substrate. Due to the confinement of the acoustic energy to a thin localized region along the substrate surface and its subsequent leakage into the body of liquid with which the substrate comes into contact, SAWs are an extremely efficient mechanism for driving fast microfluidics. We demonstrate that it is possible to generate a variety of efficient microfluidic flows using the SAW. For example, the SAWs can be exploited to pump liquids in microchannels or to translate free droplets typically one or two orders of magnitude faster than conventional electroosmotic or electrowetting technology. In addition, it is possible to drive strong microcentrifugation for micromixing and bioparticle concentration or separation. In the latter, rich and complex colloidal pattern formation dynamics have also been observed. At large input powers, the SAW is a powerful means for the generation of jets and atomized aerosol droplets through rapid destabilization of the parent drop interface. In the former, slender liquid jets that persist up to centimeters in length can be generated without requiring nozzles or orifices. In the latter, a monodis∗Address all correspondence to this author. persed distribution of 1–10 micron diameter aerosol droplets is obtained, which can be exploited for drug delivery and encapsulation, nanoparticle synthesis, and template-free polymer array patterning. INTRODUCTION Microfluidics inherently involves low Reynolds number (Re < 1) flows due to its small length scales that endow the system with large surface-area-to-volume ratios. As a consequence, viscous and capillary stresses are typically dominant over inertial stresses in such systems, thus rendering it considerably difficult to actuate fluids or manipulate particles in microscale devices without requiring large and cumbersome ancillary equipment such as capillary pumps. Further, the laminarity of low Reynolds number flows means that carrying out mixing in these devices is also difficult in the absence of turbulent or chaotic flows [1]. Whilst considerable advances have been made over the past decade in developing novel actuation mechanisms to carry out microscale fluid actuation and particle manipulation for a variety of microfluidic applications such as genomic and proteomic analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, drug delivery, high throughput drug screening and pathogen detection, with some technologies such as electrokinetic actuation [2] showing considerable promise, there has yet to be a reliable and robust technology that can drive microfluidics on a portable chip-based platform includ1 Copyright c © 2010 by ASME Proceedings of the ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting and 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels FEDSM-ICNMM2010 August 1-5, 2010, Montreal, Canada


This, the second city in France, so well known throughout the world for its silk manufacture, and celebrated for ages as an emporium of commerce, possesses no institution for the insane which can he considered worthy of its civic importance and renown. Its past and present wealth is indicated hy its public buildings and the extent of its quays; and its religion is symbolized by the gaudily decorated church crowning the hill of Fourviere, and itself surmounted by the gigantic gilded statue of the Virgin, the special protectress of the city, and the adored deliverer of its inhabitants from the plague of cholera, and of whose honour, glory, and miraculous virtues hundreds and thousands of votive offerings of wax models, tablets, and pictures, bear seeming ample witness to satisfy the most sceptical visitors of the church.


The Southern Ocean and the adjacent Weddell Sea are key areas for Earth's climate variability because they influ-ence the global thermohaline circulation as major sites of bottom and intermediate water formation. With respect to suborbital climate change, Antarctica is becoming increasingly interesting, because the Southern Ocean and specifically the Weddell Sea, may have acted as a major supplier of deep water (Antarctic Bottom Water) during stadials, when production of North Atlantic Deep Water was sluggish or even terminated. Unfortunately, there is a lack of high-resolution Antarctic sediment cores that could provide detailed and continuous insight into Antarctic climate variability during the last glacial. To fill in that gap, we re-examined AMS14C-dated gravity cores that were retrieved in the late eighties to early nineties with RV Polarstern in the southern to eastern Weddell Sea, using high-resolution non-destructive methods. The sites are mostly located on sediment ridges of the Antarctic continental margin north and east of Crary Fan and contain ultrahigh-resolution records of bottom-water production and glacial ice-sheet dynamics with sedimentation rates of up to 4 m/ka! during the last glacial maximum (LGM; 25-19 ka as deduced by AMS14C dating). The most intriguing characteristic is the abundant mm-scale lamination of relatively coarse (silty) and fine (muddy) layers of detrital composition. In order the represents could hence be used as high-resolution (Gleisberg cycle) and 200 – 220 years (de Vries cycle), revealing a dominant linear response to solar forcing. Our multiproxy records will allow for detailed comparison to the neighboring EPICA-DML ice core at seasonal resolution over several millennia during the LGM. This will put our results into a larger-scale perspective, which includes the potential correlation of several (IRD-rich) marker horizons and the potentially asynchronous retreat of the East and West Antarctic Ice Sheets.


The High School Conference which meets annually at the University of Illinois has taken as its definite task the univer salizing of high school education for the state. Naturally the carrying out of such a project calls for the removal of numerous obstacles and the making of important readjustments. These preliminary steps call for much investigation along several different lines for the accomplishment of which a number of committees have been named. These committees are to operate under the direction of a central committee from the faculty of the College of Education of the university. The studies for which committees have been chosen thus far are as follows: 1. Readjustments needed in the high school curriculum and in that of the schools leading to it. 2. Existing conditions in the state for the training of teachers and needed extension of such facilities. 3. Continuation or part-time schools?where needed, of what character, and how they are to be provided. 4. The possibilities of the all-year school?is it desirable and practicable for Illinois. 5. Provisions to be made, other than those now existing, for compulsory attendance; and the extent to which there may be necessity for subsidizing families economically incompetent in order to keep their children in school. 6. The need of extending facilities for high-school education through the organization of community high schools; the defining of an economical high school, and the problem of transportation of pupils. At the last session of the conference a seventh committee was provided for?a committee for the study of the method of readjusting the curriculum as it affects the economics of instruction and the time and sequence elements of the problem. 129


This study compares the performance of the filters with various media in pretreatment of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis. For this purpose, Masan bay seawater is used as raw water. The filter performance is evaluated by the filtrate quality and the head loss development. Five media is selected in this study: anthracite, Filtralite, sand, Pumice, AFM. These media are used in combination for dual media filter and alone for mono media filter. The comparison results show that NC0.8-1.6 is the best Filtralite. The dual media filter of NC0.8-1.6 and sand outperformed other filters in particle removal. The dual media filter of anthracite and sand showed good performance in organic removal. The mono media filter of Pumice produced the similar filtrate quality as the mono media filter of sand although the effective size of Pumice is considerably greater than that of sand. Due to big size, head loss development is maintained slow in the filtration of Pumice.


This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and motivation on employee performance at PT. Bumi Rajawali in Tangerang. The method used was explanatory research with a sample of 90 respondents. The analysis technique uses statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination and hypothesis testing. The results of this study leadership has a significant effect on employee performance by 36.2%, hypothesis testing obtained significance 0,000 <0.05. Motivation has a significant effect on employee performance by 45.3%, hypothesis testing obtained significance 0,000 <0.05. Leadership and motivation simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance by 52.1%, hypothesis testing obtained significance of 0,000 <0.05.


Abstract : The purpose of the research was to evaluate the impact of participation in the Army Continuing Education System (ACES) upon soldier performance. Four ACES programs were selected for evaluation: Basic Skills Education Program I, Literacy Phase (BSEP I-Lit); Basic Skills Program I English as a Second Language (BSEP I-ESL); Skill Development - General Vocational- Technical (Vo-Tech); and Veterans Educational Assistance Program (VEAP). Independent, dependent and control variables were selected and sample sizes were determined. Sources for obtaining the variable data were identified, including computerized sources and four installations were selected for manual collection of Vo-Tech data. A methodology was designed for the collection, storage and management of data. A comparative statistical analysis of the results was not completed due to problems encountered in accessing, obtaining and processing computerized and manual soldier performance data. (Author)


According to the evolutionary mechanism of ecological environment in the coal development zone and the practical status of Yulin coal development zone,the analysis focuses on the co-integration relation between the changing tendency of ecological environment loss and the output of coal.And it is concluded that Yulin coal development zone is now on the second phase of ecological environment evolution.It is also presented that dynamic compensation for ecological environment loss should be carried out from this phase so as to improve the efficiency of compensation.


The highly porous, three-dimensionally well-connected through-pore structure of TiO2 aerogels is proven a superior material form for applications in photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. At the reaction temperature of 30 °C, the specific hydrogen evolution rate achieved by the TiO2 aerogel is 3.40 and 9.63 times those obtained by hydrothermally prepared TiO2 nanocrystals and commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. Decoration of Pt nanocrystals onto the backbone of the TiO2 aerogel leads to a one-order of magnitude improvement in hydrogen evolution rate over the plain TiO2 aerogel. Two methods are developed for the Pt decoration: a polyol process and an immersion-calcination-reduction process. The latter produces smaller sized Pt nanocrystals of around 1.9 nm, versus 4.7 nm from the polyol process, and achieves the same level of maximum specific hydrogen evolution rates as the polyol process at only a 1/10 Pt loading.


This work is a stylistic study of Ogbowei in Marsh Boy and Other Poems which is a collection of poems that vent a liberation ideology. Stylistics studies the style of language used by individual speakers and writers. It is a linguistic tool for the analysis and interpretation of meaning and manner of language use. There are two primary dimensions of stylistics namely linguistic stylistics and literary stylistics. Whereas the former focuses on the form of language, the later focuses on literary or rhetorical devices used by writers to achieve aesthetic purposes. A third relatively new dimension of stylistics is discourse stylistics which analyses language use and describes textual organisation. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse Ogbowei's linguistic and literary style. The data is the collection of poems entitled Marsh boy and other poems. The study reveals the author's productive use of various syntactic configurations such as parataxis, hypotaxis, foregrounding and parallelism as well as aesthetic devices such as imagery and symbolism conveyed in metaphors, similes, personification. The diction in marsh boy largely reflects the theme and locale of the poems which converge on the exploitation of the oil and gas resources of the marshlands of the Niger Delta peoples, the neglect of the peoples of the region, and the attendant rise of protest in form of youth militancy. Keywords: Language, stylistics, poetry, marsh boy, youth militancy, Ogbowei.


Objective: Cardiac tamponade has a high mortality rate if aggressive and proper therapeutic measures are not undertaken. Herein we report a case of cardiac tamponade secondary to perforation of the superior vena cava by a central venous catheter in an obstetric patient. Case Report(s): A 32-year-old woman underwent a cesarean section due to placenta previa totalis and a previous cesarean section. An emergency peripartum hysterectomy was performed due to placenta accreta and intractable hemorrhage. A central venous catheter was inserted for hemodynamic monitoring and blood transfusion. Cardiac tamponade occurred secondary to perforation of the superior vena cava by the central venous catheter. The patient's hemodynamic status became stable after pericardiocentesis. One week later she was discharged with no sequelae during the three month follow-up. Conclusion(s): Obstetricians should remain alert for the possibility of postoperative complications. Difficulty in inserting of a central venous catheter should raise suspicions of possible pericardial disruption or other complications. Prompt recognition and treatment of cardiac tamponade are imperative if a disastrous outcome is to be prevented.


A chalazion is caused by an obstruction of excretion channel of the meibomian gland due to the accumulation of its own secretions. It can be ovoid, lobed, but most often it is a round nodule, variable in size, usually painless. Conservative treatment is the rule. When this fails, surgery is the only alternative, especially for nodules located far from the inner canthus due to the risk of seeing the section of lacrimal organs. This surgery is simple, with local anesthesia in adults and sometimes general anesthesia in children. It is exceptionally the cause of complications that can compromise the visual and/or vital prognosis. We have only found three cases in the literature, one apex orbital syndrome, an eyelid necrosis and one severe orbital bleeding. This observation reports a case of an eyelid gangrene associated with endophthalmitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which occurred after surgery for Chalazion in a healthy patient.


The invention provides a set top box updating method based on an Android system and set top box, wherein the set top box receives an updating command of one-click operation input, and enters online updating or USB updating; the set top box automatically searches to obtain an updating packet, loads the updating packet in an appointed updating catalogue; the set top box is automatically restarted to enter a recovery mode, and is updated by using the updating packet. If the system is crashed, the updating method is used for further recovering the system through a recovering command of a one-click operation input system. The invention also provides a set top box for realizing the updating method. Due to no need of complex operations, the invention actually realizes one-lick updating and one-click recovery. During USB updating, the problem of multi-device and multi-partition updating is solved, the set top box can be normally updated when a mobile device is pulled up after copying is completed, therefore, the Android system adapts to the actual application of the set top box, and the user experience and the stability in the aspects of system updating and recovering are improved.


Cloud cover is a kind of pervasive phenomena in remote sensing images.Saveral methods previously used in cloud removal of multi-spectral image are discussed firstly,and then multi-resolution analysis of image fusion based on wavelet transform is introduced.The simulation results show this method can achieve a better result in removing cloud of remote sensing images.


Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital district Finnish foundation for cardiovascular research

 Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of ischemic stroke. The risk of stroke is strongly associated with age, sex and comorbidities of the patients. Therefore, it is crucial that the comorbidities are consistently recorded in medical records as well as health care registries.

 This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of the comorbidities related to AF stroke risk in Finnish nationwide population registries, and assess how the use and combination of these registries affect the calculated CHA2DS2-VASc risk score. The comorbidities evaluated were Hypertension, Diabetes, Stroke or TIA, Heart Failure, and Vascular Disease.

 The Finnish AntiCoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation (FinACAF) study collected data on all Finnish AF patients from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2018. Due to the initiation of the national primary care register in 2012, this substudy uses the data of patients with a new AF diagnosis during 2012-2018 (n = 168 353). Using a unique personal identification code, individual patient data were linked from the Finnish national health care registries "AvoHILMO" (primary care) and "HILMO" (secondary and tertiary care), National Prescription Register (ATC codes of purchased medication) and the National Reimbursement Register for reimbursed medication upheld by the Social Insurance Institute (KELA).
 Results
 The average CHA2DS2-VASc risk score when entering the cohort, and including information from all registries, equaled 2.91 for men (mean age 70.0 years) and 4.42 for women (mean age 76.9 years). The highest prevalence of diabetes and hypertension were found based on the National Reimbursement Register (ATC codes). Stroke or TIA and heart failure were identified almost exclusively based on secondary and tertiary hospital records.
 The table represents our results.

 Comprehensive registry analysis of AF patients requires the inclusion of both hospital and medication data. The role of primary care information was limited. Comorbidity and CHA2DS2-VASc weight Total Prevalence Primary care ICD-10 codes Primary care ICPC-2 codes Secondary and tertiary care ICD-10 codes ATCcodes Medication reimbursement codes Hypertension 1 82%137 317 28%47 337 13%21 427 39%66 252 77%130 400 7%10 957 Diabetes 1 24%41 017 13%22 666 13%22 547 14%23 793 21%35 942 12%20 295 Stroke or TIA 2 17%28 653 4%6 254 1%1 968 16%27 379 - - Heart Failure 1 18%29 827 5%7 630 1%1 398 16%26 366 - 1%1 908 Vascular Disease1 28%47 420 12%19 581 2%3 265 25%41 647 - 7%11 802 Average CHA2DS2-VASc contribution 1.86 0.65 0.31 1.26 0.99 0.26 The prevalence of the comorbidities and average CHA2DS2-VASc risk score contribution by registry and combined.


The purpose of this report is to investigate the problems and time wasters for a system with two 74-ton chips carriages which is a chipper and a truck. This is achieved through a time study with focus on logistics and each operation has been noted. The study pointed to long industrial times for the transport vehicle. The reason was the unloading mechanism that had a slowly unload and also generated more short transports in industry. The conclusion is that the short transport distances required high availability to the chipper, while at longer distances needs high load capacity. Primarily, it is the process of chipping that cost and therefore it is important that the chipper has as high utilization rate as possible.


The authors offer an illustration of a pedagogical routine designed to support students' critical consciousness and literacy learning through the collective examination of shared texts.


As opposed to other Peruvian films, where the Andes appear showcased as a transit territory which must be fled, in Los Perros Hambrientos (1976), Cuzquean filmmaker Luis Figueroa shares a view of the mountains and fields as a political place of possibility and resistance against the landowner's arrogance. While it dramatically differs from the original novel by Ciro Alegria, it also finds in the text the necessary basis to show the moral decadence of the landowner, to abandon the bucolic nostalgia and the animal parable of the text, and submerge itself in the savage dichotomies of rich man / poor man and peasant versus landowner.


We study in this paper a generalized coupon collector problem, which consists in determining the distribution and the moments of the time needed to collect a given number of distinct coupons that are drawn from a set of coupons with an arbitrary probability distribution. We suppose that a special coupon called the null coupon can be drawn but never belongs to any collection. In this context, we obtain expressions of the distribution and the moments of this time. We also prove that the almost-uniform distribution, for which all the non-null coupons have the same drawing probability, is the distribution which minimizes the expected time to get a fixed subset of distinct coupons. This optimization result is extended to the complementary distribution of that time when the full collection is considered, proving by the way this well-known conjecture. Finally, we propose a new conjecture which expresses the fact that the almost-uniform distribution should minimize the complementary distribution of the time needed to get any fixed number of distinct coupons.


The talk will survey experimental evidence for, and sample applications of, a recently developed model of strategic thinking in initial responses to games.


The pomegranate (Punica granatum, Punicaceae) is cultivated and naturalized over the whole Mediterranean region since ancient times, and is also present in different areas of Albania. While there is enough evidence on the morphological discrimination among varieties of pomegranade around the world, on contrary the number of studies on molecular analysis of the genetic differences among them are more restricted. The same situation is present for studies regarding the pomegranade of Albania. It is considered as a local fruit of low use compared to other species, however, during the last years it has been much more present in the markets and in the consumers tables. For this reason, research is being conducted on the establishment of the genetic relationships among varieties of pomegranade of Albania and on the micropropagation, which could help in overcoming difficulties of vegetative propagation, production of true to-type plants and rapid and mass production of planting materials. The genetic relations among 10 local varieties presented here were based on RAPDs. From the random decamer primers used, 187 fragments were produced, of each 60 polymorphic. Estimates of genetic relationships, were conducted using Jaccard's similarity coefficient. It is also represented the work conducted on the micropropagation of three local varieties. The data on the response of the explants of the three cultivars were compared and the differences in shoots number, leaves number and shoot length parameter were observed and analysed. This work will be continued for a better evaluation of the genetic relatedness among more cultivars and for the improvement of the methodology of micropropagation.


A radiographic method for repeated recording involving the lowest possible radiation dose is needed for special purposes, as in follow-up examinations of the gastro-intestinal tract. A fairly large part of the body is then usually included in the numerous exposures made during the passage of the meal. This paper presents a method that has been developed to fulfil the requirements for a planned extensive study of barium meals, both in healthy subjects under varying conditions and in subjects with digestive disorders. Several studies of the transit time have been made in conventional follow-up examinations as well as by means of the cineradiographic recording of motility. Since the introduction of a low-viscosity, stabilized barium sulphate suspension (EMBRING & MATTSSON 1963), which can be mixed with different types of nutritive components as well as with ordinary food without much changing its character, the interest in studies of the passage time has been increasing. Insufficient attention appears to have been paid previously to the fact that the conventional barium meal fails to stimulate the gastro-intestinal system; consequently, no estimation of the transit time under physiologic conditions can be made with this type of meal. A nutritive meal containing barium was introduced in 1959 (MATTSSON, LAGERLOF & PERMAN) for the purpose of studying the passage of the intestinal


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Significance How do N- and C-terminal flanking sequences from exon 1 of the huntingtin protein modulate the mechanisms of polyglutamine aggregation? We answer this question using approaches that combine distinct probes of aggregation mechanisms with measurements of solubility and aggregate morphologies. The N- and C-terminal flanking sequence modules from exon 1 of huntingtin act as gatekeepers, whereby the N-terminal flanking sequence accelerates fibril formation while destabilizing nonfibrillar species, whereas the C-terminal flanking sequence reduces the overall driving force for aggregation. These results provide a mechanistic underpinning for observations regarding naturally occurring sequence contexts as modulators of polyglutamine toxicity. Huntington disease is caused by mutational expansion of the CAG trinucleotide within exon 1 of the huntingtin (Htt) gene. Exon 1 spanning N-terminal fragments (NTFs) of the Htt protein result from aberrant splicing of transcripts of mutant Htt. NTFs typically encompass a polyglutamine tract flanked by an N-terminal 17-residue amphipathic stretch (N17) and a C-terminal 38-residue proline-rich stretch (C38). We present results from in vitro biophysical studies that quantify the driving forces for and mechanisms of polyglutamine aggregation as modulated by N17 and C38. Although N17 is highly soluble by itself, it lowers the saturation concentration of soluble NTFs and increases the driving force, vis-à-vis homopolymeric polyglutamine, for forming insoluble aggregates. Kinetically, N17 accelerates fibril formation and destabilizes nonfibrillar intermediates. C38 is also highly soluble by itself, and it lends its high intrinsic solubility to lower the driving force for forming insoluble aggregates by increasing the saturation concentration of soluble NTFs. In NTFs with both modules, N17 and C38 act synergistically to destabilize nonfibrillar intermediates (N17 effect) and lower the driving force for forming insoluble aggregates (C38 effect). Morphological studies show that N17 and C38 promote the formation of ordered fibrils by NTFs. Homopolymeric polyglutamine forms a mixture of amorphous aggregates and fibrils, and its aggregation mechanisms involve early formation of heterogeneous distributions of nonfibrillar species. We propose that N17 and C38 act as gatekeepers that control the intrinsic heterogeneities of polyglutamine aggregation. This provides a biophysical explanation for the modulation of in vivo NTF toxicities by N17 and C38.


Inquiry into the cause of obesity has implicated several genetic factors. Mutations in the gene for the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which responds to the action of leptin by inhibiting food intake, have been linked to severe obesity in animals and people. These investigators examined the association between MC4R mutations and binge eating …


Oxidation of SO2 in the ozone-ethylene reaction system was investigated in both the absence and the presence of water vapor by use of HCOOH as an indicator of reaction pathway. In the absence of SO2, the yield of HCOOH increased with the increase of water vapor. On the contrary, it decreased with water vapor in the presence of SO2, although absolute yield was much higher than that in the absence of SO2. These phenomena are in accord with the mechanism we reported previously; the reaction proceeds via formation of the CH2OO+SO2 adduct. The ratio of the rate constants, k(Adduct+H2O)/k(Adduct+SO2) w as estimated to be 6.0x10-3.


High energy (67 keV) x-ray diffuse scattering measurements were performed on single crystals of Pb(Zn{sub 1}/{sub 3}Nb{sub 2}/{sub 3})O{sub 3}-xPbTiO{sub 3} (PZN-xPT), to map out the diffuse scattering distribution in all three dimensions around a large number of Bragg peaks simultaneously. For x=0,4.5%, and 8%, the results are very similar, indicating same type of correlations of polarizations in these compounds. Our results show that the diffuse scattering intensity consists of six rod-type intensities around reciprocal lattice points. A simple model is suggested where {l_brace}110{r_brace} type planar correlations of the in-plane type polarizations in real space contribute to the rod-type diffuse intensities in the reciprocal space. The planar correlations of polarizations are likely a result from condensations of soft polarized optic phonon modes.


The purpose of this study is to examine the trends and differences in receptive and expressive English language development in native English speakers and Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELL). It also aims to analyze the relationship between auditory comprehension and narrative production skills and semantic skills and narrative production skills in native English-speakers and Spanish-speaking ELLs. Eighty-three preschool-aged children (17 Spanish-speaking ELLs and 66 Native English-speakers) were administered the PreKindergarten Language Benchmark Assessment (Pre-KLBA) in Fall 2015, Winter 2016, and Spring 2016. This study utilized a three by two ANOVA to evaluate and determine: 1) If there are differences in Pre-KLBA total scores (i.e., sum of auditory comprehension, expressive categorization, and narrative scores) for Spanish-speaking ELLs and Native English speakers across fall, winter, and spring 2) If there are differences in Pre-KLBA total scores between Spanish-speaking ELLS and the native English-speakers across the fall, winter, and spring testing times 3) If there is an interaction effect between Spanish-speaking ELLs and native English speakers and the testing time (i.e., fall, winter, and spring) on the language score. Fourteen Spanish-speaking ELL Pre-K students and 14 native English-speaking children were assigned to the Spanish-speaking ELL group and the native English-speaking group, respectively, based on their native language. A contingency analysis was utilized to determine: 1) if auditory comprehension performance correlates with narrative productions and 2) if semantic skills correlates with narrative productions in Spanish-speaking ELLs and native English speakers. This study concludes that native English-speakers and Spanish-speaking ELLs both demonstrate overall language improvement, however, there continues to be a gap in performance between the groups in which native English-speakers continue to perform higher than their same-aged Spanish-speaking ELLs. Understanding Spanish-speaking ELL and native ENGLISH DEVELOPMENT IN ELLS AND NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS English-speaker English development can help shape assessment procedures and guide the · intervention process in order to better identify ELLs and native English-speakers that are at-risk for language difficulties. 3 ENGLISH DEVELOPMENT IN ELLS AND NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS Acknowledgements I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr. Anthony, for her guidance throughout my undergraduate and graduate career. I greatly appreciate her patience and support throughout this research process. I would also like to thank my professors on my graduate thesis committee, Dr. Mulvey and Dr. Throneburg, for their constructive feedback and guidance in helping me to narrow down my ideas and navigate my statistics for the study. Finally, I would like to thank my family and friends for their endless love and support throughout my undergraduate and graduate career. 4 ENGLISH DEVELOPMENT IN ELLS AND NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS 5


Objective: Explore efficacy of 22‐element micronutrient powders (MNP) plus nutrition, health and hygiene education (NHHE) to reduce stunting and anemia, and improve mental development among low birth weight (LBW) infants. Methods: Prospective community‐based cluster‐randomized trial, conducted among 244 full‐term LBW infants from 6‐12 months (mo) in rural Bangladesh. A total of 24 clusters were randomly assigned to two groups: i) NHHE plus MNP (to be provided with available complementary food); ii) NHHE only. Capillary blood was collected at 6 and 12mo using HemoCue. At ~18mo cognitive and language scores of children were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III (n=186). Results: At 12 mo, compared to 'NHHE only', infants in 'NHHE+MNP' had significantly lower proportion of stunting (55.9% vs 33.6%, p<0.001) and anemia (23.9% vs 11.7%, p<0.001). Mean Hb concentration in the 'NHHE+MNP'infants increased from 93.8±10.8 g/L at 6mo to 109.8±12.3 g/L at 12mo (p<0.05), whereas no such difference was found in 'NHHE only' group. Expressive language scores were significantly higher among 'NHHE+MNP' compared with 'NHHE only' (p<0.01; d=0.45). There were no differences between groups on cognitive or receptive language scores. Conclusion: Use of broad range micronutrient powders effectively reduce stunting and anemia and improve expressive language among term LBW children.


The increasing demand for revision hip arthroplasty is parallel to the increased rate of primary total hip arthroplasty [1,2]. Dislocation is a chief source of failure of primary THA and the main reason for revision in the United States, in advance of infection and aseptic loosening [1]. The dislocation rate is 0.2–9% in primary THA [3,4] while in revision THA, the rate is between 5 and 25% [3,5]. Varying solutions are proposed to decrease the dislocation rate in revisions such as large diameter heads [6], constrained liners [7] and dual mobility cups [8,9]. Recently, dual mobility cups have gained great popularity all over the world. It significantly decreases the risk of dislocation in primary THA [5]. Recent literature [10,11] showed a register of 3,473 THAs with a dislocation rate not exceeding 0.4% with no recurrence. Thereby, it seems logic to suggest the use of dual mobility cups in revision THAs, as revision surgeries carry a higher risk of dislocation [8]. The hypothesis assumes that dual mobility cups offer a reliable option in revision THA. This retrospective study was designed to assess the outcomes of usage of dual mobility cups in revision THA at a minimum threeyear follow-up. Patients and Methods


Automatic singing voice understanding tasks, such as singer identification, singing voice transcription, and singing technique classification, benefit from data-driven approaches that utilize deep learning techniques. These approaches work well even under the rich diversity of vocal and noisy samples owing to their representation ability. However, the limited availability of labeled data remains a significant obstacle to achieving satisfactory performance. In recent years, self-supervised learning models (SSL models) have been trained using large amounts of unlabeled data in the field of speech processing and music classification. By fine-tuning these models for the target tasks, comparable performance to conventional supervised learning can be achieved with limited training data. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of SSL models for various singing voice recognition tasks. We report the results of experiments comparing SSL models for three different tasks (i.e., singer identification, singing voice transcription, and singing technique classification) as initial exploration and aim to discuss these findings. Experimental results show that each SSL model achieves comparable performance and sometimes outperforms compared to state-of-the-art methods on each task. We also conducted a layer-wise analysis to further understand the behavior of the SSL models.


The application of wavelet analysis provides an orthogonal decomposition of a time series by time scale, thereby faciliting the decomposition of a data series into the sum of a non-parametric structural component and a random error component. Economic relationships can be expressed in terms of relationshps between time scale components. The structural components revealed by wavelet analysis yield nearly ideal instrumental variables for variables observed with error and for co-endogenous variables in simultaneous equation models. Wavelets also provide an e¢ cient way to explore the path of the structural component of the series to be analyzed and can be used to detect at least speci…cation errors of a speci…c type. The methodology described in this paper is applied to the analysis of a version of the Phillips curve with interesting results. 1. Instrumental Variables and Wavelets 1.1. Brief Mathematical Description of Wavelets and their Properties We begin this section by recalling the basic structure of the wavelet approach to modeling time series data. For a more complete and insightful development of Instrumental Variables, Simultaneous Equations and Wavelets 2 a "wavelet" is a function (:) such that: Z 1 1 (u)du = 0 (1) Z 1 1 (u) 2 du = 1 (2) We see from these relationships that wavelets involve weighted di¤erences, integral of (:) is zero; and has a normalized scale. The import of the latter is that for any " > 0;there exists a …nite T such that: Z T T (u) 2 du < 1 " (3) In short, the squared contribution to the variance is vanishingly small outside the range (-T, T). In addition, there is a requirement on the choice of wavelet function that is called the "admissibility condition" which ensures that the original function can be reconstructed from the wavelet decomposition; see Percival and Walden [2000]. This general formulation for a continuous wavelet transform can be restricted to the de…nition of the "discrete wavelet transform", the properties of which can be summarized by the equation: j;k (t) = 2


Singlet oxygen generator (SOG) is the key part of chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) which supplies chemical energy for chemical oxygen iodine laser. A novel pre-swirling jet singlet oxygen generator (PJSOG) with rapid separation technology is put forward. In this paper, experimental performances of PJSOG have been studied by means of theoretical and experimental analysis. With excellent phase dispersion and rapid separation performances, PJSOG has several or several decade times specific area than traditional SOGs and high separation efficiency. It can reach more than 95% chlorine utilization and about 60% O2 ( 1Δ) yield. The operating stability has also been studied in this paper. The stable running time of PJSOG increased with liquid flow structure improvement. With high separation efficiency, high O2 ( 1Δ) output coefficient, high utilization coefficient of Cl2 and excellent operating stability, the novel PJSOG must be a promising technology in further research.


Recently, NAND Flash memory has become an alternative popular storage system for a nextgeneration storage device because of its rapid access speed, shock-resistant, small size and lower power consumption. However, NAND Flash memory has several hardware limitations such as asymmetric read, write, era...


Typical fruits of Sardinia, both wild and cultivated, picked in different areas of the island were analysed to determine their content in flavonol compounds. Fresh fruits underwent an extraction process with an acetone/water mixture (70:30, v/v). Three antioxidant flavonol species, quercetin, myricetin and kaempferol glycosides were extracted. Hydrolysis of the glycosylated forms with trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HPLC analysis and plotted gradient, resulted in an optimal separation of the flavonols under examination and qualitative and quantitative determination of the aglycons present. The flavonol present in the highest quantity in almost all the fruits analysed was quercetin, followed by kaempferol and myricetin. On the other hand, myricetin was the major flavonol present in myrtle (1,327 mg/L).


. This paper shows how to achieve a quantum speed-up for multidimensional (zero correlation) linear distinguishers. A previous work by Kaplan et al. has already shown a quantum quadratic speed-up for one-dimensional linear distinguishers. However, classical linear crypt-analysis often exploits multidimensional approximations to achieve more efficient attacks, and in fact it is highly non-trivial whether Kaplan et al.'s technique can be extended into the multidimensional case. To remedy this, we investigate a new quantum technique to speed-up multidimensional linear distinguishers. Firstly, we observe that there is a close relationship between the subroutine of Simon's algorithm and linear correlations via Fourier transform. Specifically, a slightly modified version of Simon's subroutine, which we call Correlation Extraction Algorithm (CEA), can be used to speed-up multidimensional linear distinguishers. CEA also leads to a speed-up for multidimensional zero correlation distinguishers, as well as some integral distinguishers through the correspondence of zero correlation and integral properties shown by Bogdanov et al. and Sun et al. Furthermore, we observe possibility of a more than quadratic speed-ups for some special types of integral distinguishers when multiple integral properties exist. Especially, we show a single-query distinguisher on a 4 -bit cell SPN cipher with the same integral property as 2.5-round AES. Our attacks are the first to observe such a speed-up for classical cryptanalytic techniques without relying on hidden periods or shifts. By replacing the Hadamard transform in CEA with the general quantum Fourier transform, our technique also speeds-up generalized linear distinguishers on an arbitrary finite abelian group.


Since December 2019, the World Health Organization has documented over 145 million COVID-19 infections with more than 3 million deaths worldwide. Considering this unprecedented pandemic, potential treatments including COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CP) received an emergency use authorization (EUA) for hospitalized patients from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 2020. CP is a form of passive immunization in which antibody-rich blood taken from recovered COVID-19 patients is used for transfusion into other patients. CP therapy is a temporary treatment that is meant to help hospitalized COVID-19 patients recover. Although there has been significant interest in CP, the peer-reviewed English literature is sparse on education initiatives on CP and appears absent regarding undergraduates and other students outside the laboratory or blood bank. Therefore, we present a first presentation of a pilot education initiative on CP for students.

 Information for the educational presentation was obtained from AABB guidelines, meta- analyses, and published clinical studies. Presented was a broad overview algorithm of when CP may be considered starting with symptomatic patients hospitalized with moderate to severe disease who have been diagnosed with COVID-19, including a brief review of the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. As part of this pilot study, this presentation was given to a group of high school students.

 In this study, 22 high school students were briefly taught about convalescent plasma, including its use as a therapeutic agent to treat COVID-19. Before the presentation, 0 of the 22 students knew how CP was involved in COVID-19 or even what CP was. After the presentation, a survey was taken in order to learn about knowledge retention and after, all were understood CP's general use in COVID-19. Therefore, this presentation improved knowledge on CP and was well accepted.

 Educational initiatives on information related to CP have critical potential to improve the knowledge base of students. This presentation represents a pilot study for additional educational initiatives to improve the knowledge of CP amongst students.


The author reported the isolation of a strain of influenza virus from throatwashings of patients,during an epidemic in The Kwei-Yang Medical Collegein July,1956.On account of the following evidences,the virus isolated wasdesignated as strain K,which may be a new varient of the A-prime group ofthe influenza viruses. 1.It possessed the ability of agglutinating the red blood cells of theguinea pigs. 2.It multiplyed easily in the chorio-allantoic cavity of the chicken embryoson first isolation. 3.In low dilutions of the specific antisera,there existed cross hemag-glutination-inhibition and complement fixation reactions between the strains Kand FM_1,but in the neutralization test,strain K reacted quite specifically. 4.A rise in the titers of the hemagglutination-inhibition antibody againstFM_1 in the convalescent sera of the patients suggested an anamnestic reactionwhich pointed to a close relationship between K and FM_1. 5.Within a period of 14 days after intranasal inoculation with strain K,the white mice under experimentation showed no apparent infection. The fact that there appeared higher titers of the hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against the strain K in the sera of the convalescents wastaken by the author as a strong confirmation that K was the very viral agentwhich was responsible for this small epidemic in the College. About one month after the subsidence of the epidemic,and during ourroutine physical examination of our new students,the author had theopportunity of collecting the sera of 162 healthy students,from the cities inSze-Chuan,Yun-Nan and Kwei-Chow.It was concluded that the antibodiesexisted in these sera against the different known strains of the influenzaviruses might represent the presence of the different viral infections in these districts.


Based on the improved team order point policy,this paper analyzes and establishes model and algorithm for joint replenishment materials inventory under stochastic demand.The difference with team order point policy is that only items with inventory position less than or equal to order point are ordered.Firstly,the problem is decomposed.Secondly,model of average cost per time unit is established based on semi-Markov process.Finally,algorithm with two loops to solve the model is proposed.The algorithm respectively solve the optimal team order point and single order policy parameters with two loops.A numerical example shows that the optimal policy significantly reduce the operating costs.


A very rare lung adenocarcinoma in situ variant characterized by the presence of tall columnar cells with basal nuclei and abundant cytoplasmic mucin.


As entrepreneurship emerges into an independent field of study, it is important for scholars and administrators to have a good understanding of the main channels for disseminating knowledge within this field. Here, we provide a new evaluation of journals devoted to entrepreneurship, plus more general journals that publish entrepreneurship articles. The evaluation uses a citation–based model to rate journals. This model overcomes some limitations inherent in the widely known "JIFs" approach. The model is used to derive ratings that shows the relative influences of established journals that publish research dealing with the entrepreneurship domain. In addition to being a way to gauge the influence that a particular journal has had on this domain, a journal's rating can serve as an early proxy for measuring the influence of individual entrepreneurship articles that have yet to have an opportunity to accumulate citations.


The Ethyl acetate is the final product of esterification reaction between ethanol and acetate acid which usually used as a solvent. Catalysts are used to boost the esterification reaction rate, mostly the homogenous catalyst (acid liquid catalyst) is used. The use of homogeneous catalyst needs quite long process to separate, that is the reason why using the heterogeneous catalyst is the alternate way. The purpose of this research is to compare the performance of homogeneous catalyst (sulphuric acid) and heteregenous catalyst (natural zeolite from Bayah) by variating the factors that has an impact on reaction. The reaction was happened in batch reactor by variating the speed of agitation speed in range 500-700 rpm and the catalyst molecules size 60 mesh and 100 mesh for the solid catalysts. The goal of the variation is to maximize the reactant mass transfer to the active site of the catalyst. The result of this research shows that on the agitation speed of 700 rpm and 100 mesh Bayah natural zeolite is able to yield bigger conversion of acetate acid compared to using the sulphuric acid catalyst, which are 45.03% and 15.19% .


Drag-free control of the two test-masses within the each L.I.S.A. (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) spacecraft is considered. The baseline concept of actuating the masses to counter the gravity gradient produced by the spacecraft is reviewed. It is sho


Abstract : This Supplement to the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOMSUP) provides the enhanced security requirements, procedures, and options to the National Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM) for critical restricted data (RD) classified at the Secret and Top Secret levels, special access programs (SAPs) and SAP-type compartmented efforts established and approved by the Executive Branch, sensitive compartmented information (SCI) or other DCI SAP-type compartmented programs under the Director of Central Intelligence which protect intelligence sources and methods, and acquisition, intelligence, and operations and support SAPs.


An XP customer needs to write and check acceptance tests. However, the format for defining the tests needs to be clear. Many acceptance test approaches use arcane formats which do not promote clarity for the customer, due to a conflict of interest between the complexities of automation and the needs of the customer. We discuss the evolution of acceptance tests to improve their clarity for the customer. Sat is an acceptance test system for testing socket-based servers with multiple clients. The first version used an XML file to define the tests in a test suite. Any errors detected were written to a text log. There were two problems with this first version. The XML format made it difficult to read and edit the tests. When an error was given, it was not easy to identify the place in the test where the problem occurred. Sat was altered to make use of Fit, a testing framework that uses HTML tables for defining tests and reporting any errors. We found the new version considerably easier to use. The tabular form makes it much simpler to read and alter the tests. Any errors are reported in a copy of the tables, in the place where they occur. We have also found it convenient to include information about the tests in the HTML, providing a form of "literate testing".


Broadcasting is used as a building block in many MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) routing protocols. In addition, broadcasting is a key primitive in ad hoc networks to support group-based applications. Efficiently supporting broadcasting in multihop wireless networks is therefore important. In this paper, we compare ef-ficient broadcasting protocols based on packet forwarding with those based on network coding. Using a number of network scenarios, we derive lower bounds for the required number of packet retransmissions at the MAC layer to support broadcast with and without applying network coding techniques. We compare these lower bounds with each other, as well as with protocols proposed for each approach. More specifically, we use SMF and PDP as sample forwarding-based broadcast protocols, and a simple XOR-based coding protocol over SMF and PDP as representative network coding solution. The results show that neither packet forwarding protocols nor network coding protocols achieve the theoretical lower bounds, in particular as the size of the network area (at constant density) increases. The comparison of the lower bounds also shows that network coding does have a potential performance advantage over packet forwarding solutions for broad-casting in multi-hop wireless networks, in particular for larger fixed density networks, justifying its inherent increased complexity.


The present invention relates to crystalline forms I and II of the compound of the formula A compound and its acceptable salts and formula A pharmaceutically. Further, the invention relates to such compounds, the production method and its method of use of pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.


By taking the CHI(Constant Head Injection) tests performed in three boreholes of Xinchang block in the candidate Beishan area for geological disposal of high level radioactive waste as an example, the steady formula method and transient curve matching method were compared in 3 aspects: interpretation of the injection period, interpretation of the recovery period and interpretation of special tests. It was found that the transient curve matching method is suitable for more flow models and can manipulate more data and conductivity obtained from the recovery period is more reliable than the injection period. According to the optimizing rule, conductivity probability distribution of three borehole(BS17~BS19) were obtained, Xinchang block is of low-permeability and suitable for the disposal of HLW.


In 1922 Hardy and Littlewood proposed a conjecture on the asymptotic density of admissible prime k-tuples. In 2011 Wolf computed the "Skewes number" for twin primes, i.e., the first prime at which a reversal of the Hardy-Littlewood inequality occurs. In this paper, we find "Skewes numbers" for 8 more prime k-tuples and provide numerical data in support of the Hardy-Littlewood conjecture. Moreover, we present several algorithms to compute such numbers.


A major part of Open Data concerns statistics such as financial and social indicators. Accurate and reliable statistics provide the solid ground for performing analyses that support businesses and governments in understanding the world and making better decisions. More importantly, the combination of statistical figures coming from disparate sources can unveil unexpected and unexplored insights. The adoption of the Linked Data principles and technologies has promised to facilitate data integration at a Web scale. In this paper, we describe the development of tools that support the whole lifecycle of linked statistical data including creation, expansion, and exploitation. Our approach is based on actively engaging organizations handling statistics as part of their everyday activities. The final technological outcome is the OpenCube Toolkit, a software platform that includes a set of relevant tools.


Chemical glycopeptide synthesis requires access to gram quantities of glyco-amino acid building blocks. An efficient and fast synthetic route has been developed for such building blocks (111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, and 126) with high yields using microwave-assisted Kochetkov amination as a key reaction. The resulting glycoamino acid building blocks (116 and 118) were successfully incorporated into target glycopeptides (127 and 128) by Fmoc-solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and were characterized by LC-MS and FIRMS (FAB). The glycopeptides were used to investigate the effect of glycosylation on enzymatic cleavage of peptide bonds. At first, enzyme-cleavable linkers for solid-phase peptide and glycopeptide synthesis were developed. The hydroxymethylphenoxy linker (Wang Linker) commonly used in solid phase synthesis was surprisingly susceptible to efficient cleavage by the serine protease chymotrypsin. In order to investigate this observation further a broad range of amino acid residues were coupled to PEGA 1900 resin using the Wang linker (153-161) and subsequent treatment with chymotrypsin gave cleavage of the amino acids (162-170) from the resin in quantitative yields. A similar strategy was also applied to a glyco-tripeptide (178) and again chymotrypsin hydrolysis gave glycopeptide (179) in quantitative yield. It was also established that not only the acid-labile linker (HMPA) but also base labile (HMBA) and unreactive ester (HOA) linkers could be cleaved using chymotrypsin. The solid supported peptide (200) and glycopeptides (201-206) were then used to study the effect of glycosylation on proteolytic hydrolysis of peptides with two different proteases such as chymotrypsin and thermolysin. Our hydrolysis results in Abstract combination with those of others show that protection from hydrolysis is highly dependent on the individual protease and on the position of the glycosylation site in respect to the scissile bond.combination with those of others show that protection from hydrolysis is highly dependent on the individual protease and on the position of the glycosylation site in respect to the scissile bond. The second part of the project was concerned with the total chemical synthesis of homogeneous and structurally defined proteins and glycoproteins. Synthesis of membrane co-factor protein module 1 (233) was achieved using Fmoc-SPPS and native chemical ligation strategies. The final product was characterized by LC-MS and gel electrophoresis. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Sabine L Flitsch for all her help, advice and encouragement over the past three years. I would thank Professor Nicholas J Turner for his helpful discussions. A Big thank to Dr Beatrice A Maltman for her help in chymotrypsin project as well as proof reading of my thesis. I would like to thank Yvonne Wilson and Fraser Brown (The Bear) for proof reading as well as general help. I am thankful to Robert Smith and John Miller for their excellent analytical support. I would also thank Dr Nicole Kaftzik and Julie Alexandre for their help in refolding and gel electrophoresis experiments of MCP 1 reaction mixture. I would like to thank the Overseas Research Student Award committee and School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh for funding. My special thank to TurnerlFlitsch group, both past and present for their help and co-operation. I would like to thank my parents for their support and my in-laws for their support and encouragement. Finally, I thank my wife Anita for her excellent support and my lovely kids Arpita (chitty) and Satvik (tiger) for their great company.


The main problem in exploration for traps here is the planning strategy for the seismic work. The surface of the sub-salt carbonate complex has not been mapped reliably. Only marker horizons within the salt-anhydrite seal have been traced: a boundary close to the top of the lower anhydrite member (T5), the boundary of the intermediate anhydrite member (T4), and the top of the salt-anhydrite unit (T3). None of these correspond with the geometry of the underlying carbonate complex because the relief due to the reefs of this complex was smoothed out by the salt-anhydrite.


Malicious mass-mailing activity on the Internet is a serious and continuing threat that includes massmailing worms, spam, and phishing. A mechanism commonly used to deliver such malicious mass mail is an SMTP-engine, which turns an infected system into a malicious mail server. We present a technique that enables, in certain network environments, detection and containment of (even zero-day) SMTP-engine based mass-mailing activity within a single mailing attempt. Contrary to other massmailing detection techniques our approach is content independent and requires no attachment processing, statistical measures, or system behavioral analysis. It relies strictly on the observation of DNS MX queries within the enterprise network. Our approach can be used as an alternative to port 25 blocking and in conjunction with current proposals to address mass-mailing abuses (e.g. SPF, DomainKeys). Our analysis on network traces from a medium sized university network indicates that MX query activity from client systems is a viable SMTP-engine detection method with a very low false positive rate. Our detection and containment approach has been successfully tested with a prototype using a live massmailing worm in an isolated test network.


Abstract Objective Maternal vitamin D level in pregnancy may have implications for both the mother and fetus. Deficiency of vitamin D has been linked to several pregnancy complications and fetal skeletal health. Smoking has been associated with reduced serum level of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Design A nested case–control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort, a population-based cohort which includes first-trimester sera from 98 % of pregnancies in Finland since 1987. The selection consisted of women with uncomplicated pregnancies. We studied serum concentration of 25(OH)D in 313 non-smoking and forty-six self-reported smoking pregnant women. Setting We hypothesize that pregnant smokers may have an increased risk of low 25(OH)D levels especially during winter months. Participants A control group from an unpublished pregnancy complication study consisting of 359 uncomplicated pregnancies. Individuals who reported that they do not smoke were considered 'non-smokers' (n 313) and those who reported continued smoking after the first trimester of pregnancy were considered 'smokers' (n 46). Results Smokers had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D irrespective of sampling time (P<0·0001). Furthermore, during the low sun-exposure season, only 14 % of smokers met the guideline level of 40 nmol/l for serum 25(OH)D in comparison with 31 % of non-smokers. Conclusions Expectant mothers who smoke have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency during low sun-exposure months in northern regions. Further studies are needed to assess the associated risks for maternal and fetal health as well as possible long-term implications for the infant.


Describes a way to convince a group of manufacturing engineers of the need for company transformation and improvement. It involves a 2-day exercise centred around a widget factory simulation.


The paper describes a new architecture for accessing hyperlinked speech-accessible knowledge sources that are distributed over the Internet. The architecture, LRRP SpeechWeb, uses Local thin-client application-specific speech Recognition and Remote natural-language query Processing. Users navigate an LRRP SpeechWeb using voice-activated hyperlink commands, and query the knowledge sources through spoken natural-language using a speech browser executing on a local device (Frost, R.A. and Chitte, S., Proc. PACLING '99, Conf. of Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics, p.82-90, 1999). It differs from the use of speech interfaces to conventional Web HTML pages, from conventional telephone access to remote speech applications (as used in many call centers), and from the use of a network of hyperlinked VXML pages. The architecture is ideally suited for use when cell-phones become available with built-in speech-to-text and text-to-speech capabilities.


During the past decade, serious concerns have been raised with respect to increasing truck traffic and the lack of truck parking spaces on highways. The main reason for this is that the inadequacy of large truck parking facilities along interstate highways may consequently lead to rising truck crashes, fatality rates, and other highway safety issues. In addition to building more truck parking facilities along highway corridors, using intelligent transportation system (ITS) technologies, such as a truck parking information system, was regarded as a feasible and effective solution to the problem of truck parking shortage from both traffic engineers' and truck drivers' perspectives. However, there are very limited applications of parking information systems to trucks and along highway corridors. This study proposes a methodology for implementing and evaluating a truck parking information system. The first objective is to develop a prototype truck parking information system for highway corridors, which will help transportation agencies and engineers clarify the high-level concepts and frameworks of such a system. The second objective is to formulate an evaluation methodology to measure the effectiveness of the truck parking information system developed.


This case study is carried out in order to identify the causes for which the purchasing areas of the operating companies of the SITP (Sistema Integrado de Transporte Publico de Bogota), have difficulties in the acquisition of spare parts and their supply chain is been affected. This, as the indication of compliance in the provision of public transport service in the capital are being affected by not having the spare parts that the vehicle fleet requires for proper maintenance and following operation. The final objective of this exercise is to design a method as an improvement plan inside the purchasing process where the links that constitute it can be identified step by step, in this way increase the existence of spare parts and so the daily availability of the vehicle fleet.


The global impact on the planet of solid waste generation has been rising rapidly every year. According to the World Bank, 3.5 million tons of solid waste were produced globally per day in 2013, and by 2025 this number could reach 6 million. In Portugal alone, 13,616 tons of solid waste were produced per day in 2012, and this number should reach 15,886 by 2025. This scenario presented itself as a great learning opportunity to design professionals who have the responsibility to outline a new way of thinking about product creation activity. The challenge was presented to a group of design students by applying the Project Based Learning methodology in connection with the society and the environment through innovation, resulting in products created from discarded materials as eggshells, seaweed, sugar, plastic bottles, ropes and fishing nets. This paper presents the context and manufacturing stages of these products developed in collaboration with the City Council of Matosinhos.


Estimates of growth rates in early ocean life and length frequency distributions at time of release for adult survivors were inferred from scale measurements for lots of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) released at several dates from a Columbia River hatchery (Big Creek) and a southern Oregon hatchery (Coos Bay). Analysis of these measurements failed to support either of two literature-suggested hypotheses for the variability of marine survival of hatchery coho by date of release: (1) intraseasonal variability of food supply during early marine life; and (2) intraseasonally improving ability of smaller individuals within release lots to convert to salt water. Marine survival improved substantially with date of release at both hatcheries. However, fish released earliest, which survived relatively poorly, grew as fast in early marine life as fish released later, which survived better. Thus, poor survival of the early released fish did not appear related to lack of food at early ocean life. For the Big Cre...


We experimentally demonstrate the collective emission behavior and suppressed cavity-pulling effect of four-level active optical clock with Cesium atoms. Thermal Cesium atoms in a glass cell velocity selective pumped with a 455.5 nm laser operating at 6S$_{1/2}$ to 7P$_{3/2}$ transition are used as lasing medium. Population inverted Cesium atoms between 7S$_{1/2}$ and 6P$_{3/2}$ levels are optical weakly coupled by a pair cavity mirrors working at deep bad-cavity regime with a finesse of 4.3, and the ratio between cavity bandwidth and gain bandwidth is approximately 45. With increased 455.5 nm pumping laser intensity, the output power of cesium active optical clock at 1469.9 nm from 7S$_{1/2}$ level to 6P$_{3/2}$ level shows a threshold and reach a power of 13 $\mu$W. Active optical clock would dramatically improve the optical clock stability since the lasing frequency does not follow the cavity length variation exactly, but in a form of suppressed cavity pulling effect. In this letter the cavity pulling effect is measured using a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) to be reduced by a factor of 38.2 and 41.4 as the detuning between the 1469.9 nm cavity length of the Cs active optical clock and the Cs 1469.9 nm transition is set to be 140.8 MHz and 281.6 MHz respectively. The mechanism demonstrated here is of great significance for new generation optical clocks and can be applied to improve the stability of best optical clocks by at least two orders of magnitude.


Case Report
A short stature 10 year old boy with pes planus, mild hearing loss, failure of exfoliation of the primary dentition, anterior hyperdontia, malocclusion and open anterior fontanelle was observed in Pediatric Orthopedics consultation, and presenting the following alterations (image).

Discussion
This child has cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD). Is an autosomal dominant disease caused by an heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in the RUNX2 gene, encoding transcription factor CBFA1, on chromosome 6p21, which plays an important role in osteogenesis and differentiation of osteoblasts. The main clinical features include persistently open skull sutures, hypoplasia or aplasia of the clavicles permitting abnormal facility in opposing the shoulders, short middle phalanx of the fifth fingers, dental anomalies (supernumerary teeth, failure of exfoliation of the primary dentition and malocclusion), pes planus, upper respiratory complications, recurrent otitis media, hearing loss and often vertebral malformation (scoliosis).

Conclusion
 The clinical diagnosis of CCD was made during pregnancy, through the detection of aplasia of the clavicles in fetu, in association with the mother having short stature (1.32 meters), persistence of primary teeth and open anterior fontanelle. With 10 years of age, he underwent mendilioma study which revealed the mutation in the RUNX2 gene (c. 747 del (p.(Arg251 Alafs*7))) classified as a pathogenic variant.


A solitary opening at the base of the interventricular septum in association with other defects ranks as the most frequent cardiac anomaly, the commonest of these combinations being the "Tetralogy of Fallot." A somewhat similar, though much rarer, combination consists of a ventricular septal defect, dextroposition of the aorta, and dilatation of the pulmonary artery instead of the usual stenosis. The first example of this condition was reported by Dalrymple in I847; in i897 Eisenmenger1 presented the first complete study of such a case in which a correct ante mortem diagnosis had been made by his colleague Von Schrotter; and in 1927 Abbott2 listed 8 cases, 3 of which she had studied personally. Clinically the condition can be differentiated from the tetralogy by the absence of or only a moderate degree of dubbing and cyanosis, the localization over the precordium of a harsh systolic murmur at the defect, not transmitted into the vessels, the occasional presence of a diastolic murmur of pulmonary insufficiency and the distinctive character of the roentgen-ray picture (Baumgartner and Abbott 3). The case here presented illustrates these anomalies in association with inflammatory and degenerative lesions in the pulmonary artery and in its branches. One of the chief interests of this study lies in considering the nature of that arteritis and sclerosis, its etiology and pathogenesis, and the possible mutual relations and effects, both beneficial and deleterious, of the cardiac and arterial lesions on each other.


DEAR SIR, HTLV-1 is a causative agent of adult T-cell leukaemia (ATM) [ l ] , and is also recognized as a cause of chronic inflammatory diseases such as progressive myelopathy [2], bronchopneumonopathy [3] and arthropathy [4]. Moreover, an association between HTLV-1 and exocrinopathy, Sjogren's syndrome, has recently been suggested [5-71. We here present, to our knowledge, the first precise report of a case having both HTLV-1associated myelopathy (HAM) and histologically confirmed thyroiditis.


Summary
Analysis of the records of kuru from 1957 to 1964, including over 1450 patients, shows that there has been a progressive decline in kuru mortality and incidence over this period, present in adults and children, but most marked among the latter, and especially so in the youngest age group.
More detailed analysis by sex and age distribution, and by ethnic and geographic division has been undertaken by a comparison of the figures for two three-year periods, 1957 to 1957 and 1961 to 1963.
Age-duration studies show that the duration of the disease has increased in adults in the more recent period. Evidence is also put forward for the possibility of a seasonal variation in the incidence of kuru.
The possible implications of these results are briefly discussed and it is suggested that the changes may be related directly to the process of acculturation to Western civilization which has taken place in the kuru region throughout the period under study.


Abstract The hollow-core fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete-steel (HC-FCS) column is a relatively new structural system consisting of an outer fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) tube, an inner steel tub...


1. The synthesis of ATP has been studied in human erythrocytes. Fresh cells showed no net synthesis of ATP when incubated with adenine or adenosine, although labelled adenine was incorporated into ATP in small amounts.