Stretchable conductors are the basic units of advanced flexible electronic devices, such as skin‐like sensors, stretchable batteries and soft actuators. Current fabrication strategies are mainly focused on the stretchability of the conductor with less emphasis on the huge mismatch of the conductive material and polymeric substrate, which results in stability issues during long‐term use. Thermal‐radiation‐assisted metal encapsulation is reported to construct an interlocking layer between polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and gold by employing a semipolymerized PDMS substrate to encapsulate the gold clusters/atoms during thermal deposition. The stability of the stretchable conductor is significantly enhanced based on the interlocking effect of metal and polymer, with high interfacial adhesion (>2 MPa) and cyclic stability (>10 000 cycles). Also, the conductor exhibits superior properties such as high stretchability (>130%) and large active surface area (>5:1 effective surface area/geometrical area). It is noted that this method can be easily used to fabricate such a stretchable conductor in a wafer‐scale format through a one‐step process. As a proof of concept, both long‐term implantation in an animal model to monitor intramuscular electric signals and on human skin for detection of biosignals are demonstrated. This design approach brings about a new perspective on the exploration of stretchable conductors for biomedical applications.


More than half of doctors, nurses and emergency responders involved in COVID‐19 care could be at risk for one or more mental health problems, including acute traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, problematic alcohol use and insomnia, according to a new study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research. The researchers found that the risk of these mental health conditions was comparable to rates observed during natural disasters, such as 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, Science Daily reported Jan. 12.


The title compound, C6H18N22+·2H2AsO4−, contains a network of doubly protonated centrosymmetric hexane-1,6-diammonium cations and dihydrogenarsenate anions. These species interact by way of cation-to-anion N—H⋯O and anion-to-anion O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, the latter leading to infinite sheets of the H2AsO4− anions.


In order to determine transmission line parameters of superconducting coplanar striplines with thickness smaller than the magnetic penetration depth of the striplines, in which the influences of enlarged kinetic inductance and strongly nonuniform current distribution make it useless to apply the conventional design formula developed for normal conductors, we have conducted theoretical and experimental studies on the geometrical effects of the kinetic inductance and the microwave loss of the thin coplanar striplines. The analytical expression for the kinetic inductance of the coplanar stripline is given using the conformal mapping technique, and it is shown with the London equation and the two fluid-model that the microwave loss is directly proportional to the kinetic inductance. The comparison has been made between theory and experiment concerning the kinetic inductance and the microwave quality factor of NbN coplanar striplines with various thicknesses and widths. It is shown that the observed characteristics are well modeled by the analytical expression.


Research of factors influencing our health and wellbeing is omnipresent. Yet, research about how basic human motives influence human physical health and subjective well-being (SWB) is scarce. This thesis extends previous research on value fit and investigates the relationship of assimilation and difference motives and a fit in these motives with SWB and overall health. It was hypothesized that (a) person-environment motive fit in assimilation and difference motives has a beneficial effect on SWB and overall health and that (b) assimilation motive itself has a positive effect on SWB and health whereas difference motive itself negatively influences these variables. Data from the TEP 10 project were analyzed within a sample of 1240 Japanese adult participants. Overall, results provide little support for the present hypotheses. Significant results in line with the hypotheses show that a fit in assimilation motive has an advantageous effect on positive emotions experienced during the last week. Further significant results contradict the present hypotheses and show that assimilation motive fit has a detrimental effect on negative emotions experienced in the last week, that difference motive fit negatively influences overall health ratings and that assimilation motive itself negatively influences negative emotions experienced in the last week and day, as well as overall health ratings. For future research it would be beneficial to use more differentiated, implicit measures and, eventually, derive interventions on how to support individuals who do not experience the investigated beneficial effects on their subjective well-being.


An asymmetric synthesis of a cyclic depsipeptide arenastatin A (1), which was isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea arenaria and exhibited extremely potent cytotoxicity with IC 50 5 pg/ml for KB cells, has been accomplished.


A protease inhibitor is a compound that potentially could inhibit the activity of a protease
or some protease enzymes. It has a significant role in fish processing to prevent quality
deterioration. The study aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity of wild swamp eel
(Monopterus albus) plasma fractionated with ethanol to papain enzyme. The parameters
analyzed were protein content, inhibitory activity to papain enzyme, and sodium dodecyl
sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to demonstrate the protein profile. The result
showed that the amount of protein in the plasma fractionated with ethanol was decreased.
The effectiveness in inhibiting papain enzyme was increased when compared to that of the
crude plasma, from 65 to 128.56% per mg protein. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the protein complex alpha-2-
macroglobulin in wild swamp eel plasma consists of two different subunits of 120 kDa
and 110 kDa. This study suggested that plasma fractionated with ethanol showed
inhibitory activity to papain enzyme greater than that of the crude plasma.


AS THIS poll appears for its 38th consecutive year, it serves as a memorial and a continuing tribute to the work of George Gallup, Sr. He was one of the poll's founders, considered it his poll, picked the panel to select the questions, oversaw the surveying, analyzed the results, and wrote the report. He drew great satisfaction from the poll and watched over it closely until his death in 1984. The close relationship between the Gallup Organization and Phi Delta Kappa International continues today with Alec Gallup, Chairman of the Gallup Poll, replacing his father. Since 1992, I have had the pleasure of directing the poll for PDK. Alec and I share the belief that being true to the poll's heritage requires keeping it free from bias while operating at the cutting edge of issues facing K-12 schools. Alec controls the wording of the questions and is responsible for making sure that the findings and conclusions are supported by the data. We present the results here in a user-friendly fashion intended to permit readers to delve into the data to verify our interpretations or draw their own conclusions.--LCR Major Findings and Conclusions The results of this poll are released at a press conference held in August in the Gallup Building in Washington, D.C. The first question a reporter asked at a recent conference was, "What are the major story lines of this poll?" Opening by answering that question has now become standard practice for the press conference, and we replicate it here by starting with the findings and conclusions that we believe have the greatest significance. Our aim is not to minimize or downplay the remaining findings and conclusions. However, we believe that the findings and conclusions presented here provide a context for interpreting the remaining results. The major findings center on how people want improvement to come about, on the way the public assesses the public schools, and on how it views some of the strategies used in current change efforts. (The tables pertaining to these questions are grouped at the end of this section.) Everything else in this poll builds to the final section, which deals with the change strategy dominating K-12 education today, the implementation of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act. Source of School Improvement We begin with a brief story. A reporter at the 2001 press conference suggested asking the public whether improvement in public education should be sought by reforming the existing system or by finding an alternative system. This question would provide a benchmark to use in weighing the responses to questions dealing with proposals for change. The suggestion was accepted, a question was framed and asked in 2002, and the question has been repeated in each subsequent poll. (See Table 1.) Findings. The 2002 question found that 69% of the public expressed a preference for improvement through reforming the existing system. The number this year is 71%. By contrast, just 27% of respondents in 2002 preferred seeking an alternative system, and that figure is at 24% for 2006. Conclusion I. The public's strong preference is to seek improvement through the existing public schools. Policies shaped with this fact in mind are most likely to gain public approval. Rating of the Public Schools Each year we ask the public to assess its schools using the familiar A to F scale. This practice started in 1974 with a question asking respondents to grade the schools in the local community. Grading of the nation's schools was added in 1981, and, beginning in 1985, parents were asked to grade the school their oldest child attends. Each question has been repeated every year since it was first asked. (See Tables 2, 3, and 4.) Findings. In this year's poll, 49% give the schools in the community an A or a B. The percentage last year was 48%. The percentage of A's and B's climbs to 56% for public school parents and to 64% when parents grade the school their oldest child attends. …


At the end of 2014, FESE members had up to 9,051 companies listed on their markets, of which 7% are foreign companies contributing towards the European integration and providing broad and liquid access to Europe's capital markets. Many of our members also organise specialised markets that allow small and medium sized companies across Europe to access the capital markets; 1,442 companies were listed in these specialised markets/segments in equity, increasing choice for investors and issuers. Through their RM and MTF operations, FESE members are keen to support the European Commission's objective of creating a single market in capital markets.


This paper proposes a class-specific variable selection method for multicategory support vector machines (MSVMs). Different from existing variable selection methods for MSVMs, the proposed method not only captures the important variables for classification, but also identifies the discriminable and non discriminable classes so as to enhance the interpretation for multicategory classification problems. Specifically, it minimizes the hinge loss of MSVMs followed by a pairwise fusion penalty. For each variable, this penalty identifies nondiscriminable classes by imposing their associated coefficients in the decision functions to some identical value. Several simulated and real examples demonstrate that the proposed method provides better interpretation through class-specific variable selection while preserving comparable prediction performance with other MSVM methods.


The proteoglycan content of the i1iac crest cartilage from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta type 111 (for cIassification, see Ref. 2) was higher than normal controls, but no significant abnormalities were observed in the structure of the cartilage proteoglycan which was extracted with 4 M guanidine HCI containing protease inhibitors. However, the cartilage-type proteoglycan (proteoglycan-H), isolated from fracture caIluses, had a relatively high content of unsulfated chondroitin and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Another proteoglycan (proteoglycan-L), from the cartiIaginous area and gIycosaminoglycans from the osseous area of the fracture calluses, had a relatively normaI composition of isomeric chondroitin sulfates. This apparent abnormaIity in the glycosaminoglycan composition of proteoglycan-H may be related to the rapidly differentiating aspect of fracture caIluses, rather than an altered process of fracture healing in osteogenesis imperfecta.


The utility model discloses an inspection well ladder stand comprising a U-shaped climbing component and a T-shaped mounting and bearing component. The T-shaped mounting and bearing component is composed of a flat plate, an upper stiffening rib and a lower stiffening rib, and the U-shaped climbing component is perpendicular to the T-shaped mounting and bearing component to form an integrated component. Antislip bumps are arranged on the U-shaped climbing component, and an antislip convex groove is formed in the edge. The T-shaped mounting and bearing component is embedded in the vertical edge of a concrete component on the wall of an inspection well. The U-shaped climbing component and the T-shaped mounting and bearing component are made of high-strength fiber reinforced composite. The inspection well ladder stand has the advantages of corrosion resistant performance, good flame retardation and the like. Meanwhile, the inspection well ladder stand is embedded in the concrete wall of a precast inspection well, and is high in strength, convenient to mount and convenient for people to get down to and come up from the well.


Objective Observe the curative effect gathering the thinking ketone solution taking precautions against acute appendicitis cut infection.Methods 216 cases of acute appendicitis were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,108 cases of each.The two groups were surgically removed the appendix,the control group with normal saline flush to incision,the treatment group washed inscision with povidone solution,and the incision with saline rinse again.To observe the efficacy and adverse reaction of the two groups.Results The infection rate of 1.9% of treatment group was significantly less than 9.3% of control group.the two groups had no obvious adveres reactions.Conclusion Povidone solution can effectively reduce acute appendicitis incision infection.


1. A method of inhibiting autophagy in a cell comprising contacting said cell with an agent which inhibits the activity of a gene product selected from the group consisting of the genes listed in Table 2.2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes listed in Table 4.3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes listed in Table 6.4. A method according to claim 1, wherein said agent is an siRNA, an antisense molecule or kshRNK RNK.5. A method according to claim 3, wherein said gene is a TPR or GPR18.6. A method according to claim 5, wherein said agent is an antibody specific to the product of said gena.7. A method according to claim 1, wherein said gene is a RelA or NFκB.8. A method according to claim 7, wherein said gene is a RelA.9. A method of inducing autophagy in a cell, comprising contacting said cell with an agent which enhances the activity of a gene product selected from the group consisting of the genes listed in Table 2 (best genes that reduce autophagy) .10. A method according to claim 9, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes listed in Table 4.11. A method according to claim 9, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of the genes listed in Table 6.12. A method according to claim 11, wherein said gene is a TPR or GPR18.13. A method according to claim 12, wherein said agent is an antibody specific to the product of said gena.14. A method according to claim 9, wherein said gene is a RelA or NFκB.15. The method of claim 14, wherein said gene is a RelA.16. A method for treating a neurodegenerative disease in a subject comprising administering to said individual means,


The application of heat as a hydrological tracer has become a standard method for quantifying water fluxes between groundwater and surface water. The typical application is to estimate vertical water fluxes in the shallow subsurface beneath streams or lakes. For this purpose, time series of temperatures in the surface water and in the sediment are measured and evaluated by a vertical 1D representation of heat transport by advection and conduction. Several analytical solutions exist to calculate the vertical water flux from the measured temperatures. Although analytical solutions can be easily implemented, they are restricted to specific boundary conditions such as a sinusoidal upper temperature boundary. Numerical solutions offer higher flexibility in the selection of the boundary conditions. This, in turn, reduces the effort of data preprocessing, such as the extraction of the diurnal temperature variation from the raw data. Here, we present software to estimate water fluxes based on temperatures—FLUX‐BOT. FLUX‐BOT is a numerical code written in MATLAB that calculates vertical water fluxes in saturated sediments based on the inversion of measured temperature time series observed at multiple depths. FLUX‐BOT applies a centred Crank–Nicolson implicit finite difference scheme to solve the one‐dimensional heat advection–conduction equation. FLUX‐BOT includes functions for the inverse numerical routines, functions for visualizing the results, and a function for performing uncertainty analysis. We present applications of FLUX‐BOT to synthetic and to real temperature data to demonstrate its performance.


The central notion of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) is that users do not have discretionary access to enterprise objects. Instead, access permissions are administratively associated with roles, and users are administratively made members of appropriate roles. This idea greatly simplifies management of authorization while providing an opportunity for great flexibility in specifying and enforcing enterprisespecific protection policies. Users can be made members of roles as determined by their responsibilities and qualifications and can be easily reassigned from one role to another without modifying the underlying access structure. Roles can be granted new permissions as new applications and actions are incorporated, and permissions can be revoked from roles as needed. Some users and vendors have recognized the potential benefits of RBAC without a precise definition of what RBAC constitutes. Some RBAC features have been implemented in commercial products without a frame of reference as to the functional makeup and virtues of RBAC [1]. This lack of definition makes it difficult for consumers to compare products and for vendors to get credit for the effectiveness of their products in addressing known security problems. To correct these deficiencies, a number of government sponsored research efforts are underway to define RBAC precisely in terms of its features and the benefits it affords. This research includes: surveys to better understand the security needs of commercial and government users [2], the development of a formal RBAC model, architecture, prototype, and demonstrations to validate its use and feasibility. As a result of these efforts, RBAC systems are now beginning to emerge. The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insight as to the motivations and functionality that might go behind the official RBAC name.


This paper presents a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for broadband wireless LANs based on the ATM transfer mode, together with the evaluation of its performance in terms of throughput and access delay. Important characteristics of the MAC protocol are the way information between the Mobile Stations (MSs) and the Base Station (BS) is exchanged and the algorithm used to allocate the bandwidth in order to support the service categories. A detailed analytical evaluation, both on cell level and packet level, leads to an assessment of the efficiency and the access delay of the system.


In July 2008, a 75-year-old-man presented with rapidly progressive dysphagia. Oesophagography and computed tomography showed a large tumour between the cervical spine and the oesophagus with partial obstruction of the latter (top panels). In addition the root of tongue and the tonsils showed an inhomogeneous enhancement. Biopsies were consistent with amyloid deposits (bottom panels). Further investigations revealed multiple myeloma with an IgG kappa paraprotein [serum concentration of IgG 67 g/l (normal range 7Æ0–16Æ0 g/l), free kappa light chains of 167 mg/l (3Æ3–19Æ4 mg/l)] stage IIIA according to the Salmon and Durie classification and stage III according the International Staging System. There was no evidence of other manifestations of amyloidosis. The tumour was surgically resected, and the diagnosis of amyloidosis was confirmed by birefringence on a Congo red stain. Only a few cases of isolated amyloid tumours have been described in conjunction with multiple myeloma. This diagnosis should be considered in any patient with multiple myeloma presenting with an unexplained tumorous lesion.


ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the nearly 20 years of scholarly research on information technology outsourcing (ITO), with an explicit focus on developing a taxonomy for AIS academics and extracting valuable suggestions for AIS practitioners. Our taxonomy subdivides the ITO research into separate streams: (1) initial outsourcing decision and its determinants, (2) execution of the outsourcing contract and dynamics of outsourcing relationships, and (3) measurement of outsourcing results and the long-term organizational consequences of outsourcing. We consider the primary research questions addressed, summarize the major findings, and identify the theories and methods used. Finally, we highlight the limited accounting studies on ITO and discuss directions for potential synergies between accounting and IS scholars.


The present study aimed to study the relationship between litter quality and nitrogen mineralization rate in relation to the adaptation of the dominant tree species Pongamia pinnata , Barringtonia acutangula and Crateva religiosa of the Ratargul freshwater swamp forest in Bangladesh. Three plots were selected as replicates from the forest to collect soil and plant leaf and stem bark samples in such an way that all three species were present in each plot. Fully expanded youngest leaves and stem barks of the plants were collected for the determination of concentrations of nutrient elements such as N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg and Fe. Defensive chemicals such as phenolics and tannin contents were also determined in leaf samples. Leaf litter of the three species was incubated with soil collected from the same forest in order to examine the effects of leaf litter on the amount of mineralized N in soil. Significant difference was found in N contents of leaf (P < 0.05) and bark (P < 0.02) among the three plant species with the highest mean value in bark (0.663%) and leaf (1.263%) of C. religiosa and that of the lowest in bark (0.233%) and leaf (0.683%) of B. acutangula . Significant difference was also observed in Fe concentration in bark (P < 0.0001) among the three plant species with the highest mean value (0.00085%) in bark of C. religiosa and the lowest in bark (0.00074%) of B. acutangula . Mineralized N in soil incubated with leaf litter decreased significantly compared with that of control soil (without litter) indicating the immobilization of nitrogen in soil. Overall, data of the present study showed interspecific differences in litter quality which could be related with the nitrogen mineralization indicating the implications for the adaptation of the plants of the wetland habitats.


Cylindrical samples of granite were deformed at 26oC, constant confining pressure (60 MPa), and constant pore pressure (20 MPa). Axial and volumetric strain were determined from changes in the output of resistance foil strain gauges bonded to the rock surface. In addition, dc electrical resistivity was measured parallel to the sample axis. During each experiment (typically lasting from 1–2 weeks), the deviatoric stress σd applied to the sample was cycled between 70% and 90% of the short–term failure strength. The bulk of the experiments were conducted in the secondary or "steady state" creep regime. Inelastic volumetric strain rate was found to obey the law , where and (compressive stresses are negative). The C coefficient represents a strain-hardening-like term. The stress dependence is of the same form as the stress dependence measured for mode I crack growth in double cantilever beam experiments. The observed creep behavior is analyzed in terms of stress corrosion and crack growth models including a formulation based on energy release rate for characteristic microcracks.


Aim: This study sought to investigate the effect of combined supplements of Vitamins C and E glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in sickle cell and non-sickle cell patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 27 subjects (16 controls and 11 test subjects) were used for this study. The sickle cell subjects (test) were obtained among the sickle cell patients who visited the out-patient clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) for check-up, their ages ranged from 18 to 27 years. Venous blood samples of the subjects were carefully withdrawn using disposable syringes and needles at the sickle cell anemia (SCA) clinic, LUTH, Nigeria. Vitamins C and E supplementation commenced on the 1 st day of blood collection and lasted for 6 weeks. All the subjects received Vitamin E (1000 IU) in soft gelatinous capsule once daily and 200 mg of Vitamin C orally per day for 42 days. Blood was collected from each subject under aseptic procedure and MDA was determined to assess lipid peroxidation enzyme activity while GPx, SOD, and CAT were estimated for antioxidant enzymes′ activity. Results: Results revealed significantly (P < 0.01) lower basal levels of SOD, GPx, and MDA in sickle (SCA) compared with non-sickle anemia (NSCA). After 42 days of Vitamins C and E supplementation, SOD, GPx, and MDA increased significantly in both groups, but the increase was more in SCA compared with NSCA subjects (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Hence, it was found that Vitamins C and E supplementation did not reduce lipid peroxidation enzymes (MDA) activity in SCA subjects despite the increase in scavenging enzymes′ (SOD and GPx) activities in SCA.


Silver phosphate / resin composite is prepared by a chemical deposition method with polyvinylpyrrolidone( PVP) as stabilizer,to degrade methylene- blue,the photocatalytic activity is studied and also the sample is characterized by means of XRD and SEM. The influences of the light source,catalyst amount,PVP content,p H on the degradation are investigated in details. The results show that the effect of methylene- blue degradation is best in partial acid medium and sunlight from 9 am to 11 am in summer when catalyst amount is 0. 8 g / L,0. 01% PVP / silver phosphate / resin composite is contained and the depth of the solution is 15 cm.


The compound Ho12Fe32O2 is paramagnetic at room temperature, belongs to space group 1m3m and has one formula unit per unit cell. It undergoes a transition to ferrimagnetism at about 233 K. A neutron diffraction study of a polycrystalline sample of this compound was performed. The following parameters were determined and are reported: lattice constant, site parameters, transition temperature, magnetic configuration, magnetic moments of the Ho ion, Fe ion and conduction electrons. Some of these properties are also reported for the iso‐structural Dy12Fe32O2.


This article is based on the treasures volume produced by Senate House Library, University of London, in November
2012, and reflects on the benefits of the undertaking in terms of generating library history, academic liaison, correcting old misperceptions, and information learned alongside the standard promotional value.


The utility model relates to a lifting rolling machine, two ends of a lifting device of which are provided with two wheel spindles in a rotating way; each wheel spindle is in synchronous transmission connection with a motor through a transmission device respectively; the two ends of each wheel spindle are provided with a crank mechanism respectively which is hinged with a slider structure; the rolling machine body is provided with a chute which forms a sliding pair with the slider structure; and a guide device for guiding the rolling machine body to move up and down is arranged between the lifting device and the rolling machine body. In the rolling machine, the slider structure hinged with the crank structure of the lifting device and the chute on the rolling machine body form a sliding pair; the motor drives the crank structure to rotate; and the crank structure drives the slider structure to move in the chute of the rolling machine body and synchronously drive the rolling machine body to move up and down under the restraint of the guide device. The utility model has simple structure; and a movement mechanism decelerates smoothly before the rolling machine body moves to the peak and the lowest point so as to avoid generating impact.


This paper reports the progress on continuing research projects commissioned by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy (USA) in which the authors are engaged. Earlier stages of this research, recording past efforts in Britain to establish land value taxation (LVT) as a vehicle for raising local government revenues and as an instrument of land policy, were followed by recommendations for specific proposals for introducing legislation and practice as compatible as possible with the existing planning system and the British GovernmentIs fiscal and taxation policies. This paper reviews the findings to date and widens the scope of the current examination beyond Britain into the European Union and further. Accordingly this paper addresses the potential for extending land value taxation within the expanding European Union, possibly as part of the mooted harmonisation ofPan-European taxes, which would bear comparison with extant methods in other parts of the world. Thus the hypothesis of this paper is that it is now timely and appropriate to contemplate an introduction of LVT into Britain, Europe and beyond. In support, various current pressures can be identified as accumulating for a change in taxation, particularly towards a more equitable distribution of the property tax burden and thus a fairer collection of Government revenues. Furthermore, as has been pointed out by Robertson (1998, 1999) and others, there is a present and growing movement towards Itaxation shifto, that is to say, a movement to reduce taxes away from enterprise, production and income sources towards the Icost of using the environmento. This, in turn, is connected to the whole theme of Isustainability of the environmento and Isustainable developmento arguments. But it is also relevant that Robertson has already recommended a whole raft of policies to include eco-tax reform and land value taxation, among the connected parts of a larger fiscal package. This paper sets these issues into context with the aspirations of property professions towards a commonality of standards in seeking fairness and equity in taxation matters and presents conclusions as to future prospects for land value taxation in Britain.


This paper studies the applicability of an efficient numerical model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the dynamic responses of the wing structure of an airplane due to atmospheric turbulence in the time domain. The turbulence velocity is given in the form of a stationary Gaussian random process with the von Karman power spectral density. The wing structure is modeled by a classical beam considering bending and torsional deformations. An unsteady vortex-lattice method is applied to estimate the aerodynamic pressure distribution on the wing surface. Initially, the trim condition is obtained, then structural dynamic responses are computed. The numerical solution of the wing structure's responses to a random turbulence profile is used as a training data for the ANN. The current ANN is a three-layer network with the output fed back to the input layer through delays. The results from this study have validated the proposed low-cost ANN model for the predictions of dynamic responses of wing structures due to atmospheric turbulence. The accuracy of the predicted results by the ANN was discussed. The paper indicated that predictions for the bending moments are more accurate than those for the torsional moments of the wing structure.


Abstract : Experiments are described in which the wake in way of the propeller disk was determined for several conditions on a model of the FF 1052 Class ship in connection with an investigation to determine blade loadings on a controllable pitch propeller. The wake surveys were conducted with and without a dynamometer boat behind the hull model to determine the effects of the presence of the dynamometer boat on the flow through the propeller disk of the model. Next, wake data were obtained for the model in several conditions while turning in the Rotating Army Facility. Finally, the model was towed in a straight line with a yaw angle corresponding to that used in the turning experiments to assess the differences in results for these two techniques.


The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate pediatric formulation by masking the bitter taste of Isoniazid.Non-compliance of therapy of tuberculosis which is mostly associated with bitter taste can lead to worsening of diseased condition in children. Cationic resin utilized to mask the bitter taste of Isoniazidby preparing resinate complex. Syrup preparation evaluated for drug content, in vitro drug release, viscosity, taste masking, Infra red spectroscopic studyand stability study. Ion exchange resin method using KYRON T-134 proved as a alternative method to prepare suitable pediatric formulation.


Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) techniques are commonly used to measure and identify the power consumption of different types of household appliances, starting from an aggregated signal obtained from a single measurement point. Currently, they are often based on the extended deployment of smart meters (SM) carried out in most developed countries in the last decade. Based on the measurements acquired by SMs, it is possible to disaggregate energy consumption, and then to identity the corresponding loads plugged to the mains of a house or building. NILM techniques can be applied in different application fields, such as energy efficiency, active demand response management, or even as a way to infer the behaviour patterns of the people living in a certain household under monitoring, in the context of Ambient Intelligence for Independent Living (AIIL). This paper presents a new approach for energy disaggregation through the use of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) based on measurements from a single point at low sampling rates. The proposed framework takes the power signals acquired by an SM as inputs, then pre-processes and detects the on/off switching events of the different appliances considered, and finally classifies them using two different Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)-based topologies. The proposal validation is carried out through the use of the well-known public dataset Building Level fUlly labelled for Electricity Disaggregation (BLUED). Several configurations of classification topologies have been compared, obtaining an average classification accuracy in the experimental results that exceeds 85%.


The results of a set of experiments designed to test another facet of the predictive potential of the association model previously developed and used to calculate miscibility windows and maps for hydrogen-bonded polymer blends are presented


AbstractThe frequencies of atmospheric blocking in both winter and summer and the changes in them from the twentieth to the twenty-first centuries as simulated in 12 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are analyzed. The representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) high emission scenario runs are used to represent the twenty-first century. The analysis is based on the wave-breaking methodology of Pelly and Hoskins. It differs from the Tibaldi and Molteni index in viewing equatorward cutoff lows and poleward blocking highs in equal manner as indicating a disruption to the westerlies. One-dimensional and two-dimensional diagnostics are applied to identify blocking of the midlatitude storm track and also at higher latitudes. Winter blocking frequency is found to be generally underestimated. The models give a decrease in the European blocking maximum in the twenty-first century, consistent with the results in other studies. There is a mean twenty-first-century winter p...


In this paper, free vibrations of twisted plates with thickness varying in two directions is investigated analytically and experimentally. A numerical procedure based on the Rayleigh-Ritz method is presented. Frequency parameters and modes of vibration are analyzed for typical twisted plates and the influences of plate thickness variation are discussed. Then, the resonance frequencies and modes of vibration measured by means of holographic interferometry are compared with the analytical results for three kinds of test specimens. Comparison reveals that the analytical results are well explained the experimental and the proposed method is useful for analyzing the free vibrations of twisted plates with variable thickness.


Problem-solving ability is one of the essential skills for students in learning mathematics. This ability can be developed through teaching and learning activities using student worksheet-based cooperative model. However, these student worksheets are still rarely found in teaching and learning activities in the classroom, so this research aims to develop student worksheets based on cooperative learning models used to develop students' problem-solving abilities. The study used development research methods with ADDIE procedures, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The test of the developedstudent worksheet was carried out at SMP Negeri 1 Merauke, using valid, practical, and effective categories. It is collecting data through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. This research produces student worksheets based on cooperative learning models to improve students' problem-solving abilities. The results of this study contribute to enriching teaching materials in the form of student worksheets for educators which can improve problem-solving skills.


An exhaust gas system of a motor vehicle which has an internal combustion engine with a plurality of cylinder groups, with a first exhaust gas section which is assigned to a first cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, and with a second exhaust gas section which is assigned to a second cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, each exhaust gas section comprising in each case one exhaust gas purification device, and a common silencer interacting with the first exhaust gas section and the second exhaust gas section, namely in such a way that, starting from the exhaust gas purification device of the first exhaust gas section and starting from the exhaust gas purification device of the second exhaust gas section, in each case, a first part exhaust gas section opens into an interior of the common silencer.


This text is through analyzing the model of simplifying and combining the actual conditions:The ship goes backwards,be static and advance three kinds of movement situations when with the electronic air- blower blasting air to sail on the sailing boat.And I verify the result through designing simulation and demon- strate experiment at air track.


First-order-reversal-curve (FORC) diagrams are eminently suitable for extracting the intrinsic (microscopic) switching-field distribution (SFD) for a wide variety of magnetic systems, including soft and hard magnets, perpendicular recording media (PRM) and permanent magnets. First, we represent the interactions as a mean field α and a fluctuating component. Next, the statistical properties of the FORC diagrams are analyzed. We systematically investigate which moment M of the SFD is most appropriate to isolate the mean field α and the SFD. We found that the second moment M2 provides both the most robust platform as well as the most accurate procedure, defining the "FORC. α.M2.S" method. The method is completed by an extrapolation scheme to recover data-details, masked by a smoothing step S, which is necessary to take numerical derivatives. The FORC α.M2.S method is demonstrated by a micromagnetic simulation of a typical PRM model with a SFD of known width and shape, then extracting the SFD of the model by the FORC. α.M2.S method and finally comparing the extracted SFD to the known SFD. Our test shows that the width differs from the known value by less than 5% over a broad range of exchange coupling strength.


Simple Summary In the first two years following spinal cord injury, people lose up to 50% of bone below the injury. This injury-induced bone loss significantly affects rehabilitation and leaves people vulnerable to fractures and post-fracture complications, including lung and urinary tract infections, blood clots in the veins, and depression. Unfortunately, little is known about the factors driving this bone loss. In fact, even though we know that injury, age, and sex independently increase bone loss, there have been no studies looking at the cumulative effects of these variables. People with spinal injury are aging, and the age at which injuries occur is increasing. It is essential to know whether these factors together will further compromise bone. To examine this, we assessed bone loss in young and old, male and female mice after spinal injury. As expected, we found that aging alone decreased motor activity and bone volume. Spinal injury also reduced bone volume, but it did not worsen the effects of age. Instead, injury effects appeared related to reduced rearing activity. The data suggest that although partial weight-bearing does not reduce bone loss after spinal cord injury, therapies that put full weight on the legs may be clinically effective. Abstract After spinal cord injury (SCI), 80% of individuals are diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis. The dramatic loss of bone after SCI increases the potential for fractures 100-fold, with post-fracture complications occurring in 54% of cases. With the age of new SCI injuries increasing, we hypothesized that a SCI-induced reduction in weight bearing could further exacerbate age-induced bone loss. To test this, young (2–3 months) and old (20–30 months) male and female mice were given a moderate spinal contusion injury (T9–T10), and recovery was assessed for 28 days (BMS, rearing counts, distance traveled). Tibial trabecular bone volume was measured after 28 days with ex vivo microCT. While BMS scores did not differ across groups, older subjects travelled less in the open field and there was a decrease in rearing with age and SCI. As expected, aging decreased trabecular bone volume and cortical thickness in both old male and female mice. SCI alone also reduced trabecular bone volume in young mice, but did not have an additional effect beyond the age-dependent decrease in trabecular and cortical bone volume seen in both sexes. Interestingly, both rearing and total activity correlated with decreased bone volume. These data underscore the importance of load and use on bone mass. While partial weight-bearing does not stabilize/reverse bone loss in humans, our data suggest that therapies that simulate complete loading may be effective after SCI.


A unified view of direct-integration (DI) and exponential-time-differencing (ETD) methods to incorporate Drude media, such as isotropic plasma and microwave graphene, into finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulators is provided. To this end, the Drude constitutive relation is expressed in integral form and the DI integrators are obtained by applying quadrature rules. Analogously, the ETD integrators are obtained by starting from the variation of constants formula and applying the same quadrature rules as in the DI case. This approach allows one to directly compare the two families of methods. In addition, the accuracy of each integrator is discussed and the stability condition of the resulting FDTD schemes is derived in exact closed form by applying the von Neumann method.


Unspecified Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: http://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-22758 Originally published at: Chipot, M; Fila, M; Quittner, P (1991). Stationary solutions, blow up and convergence to stationary solutions for semilinear parabolic equations with nonlinear boundary conditions. Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae. New Series, 60(1):35-103. Acta Math. Univ. Comenianae Vol. LX, 1(1991), pp. 35–103 35 STATIONARY SOLUTIONS, BLOW UP AND CONVERGENCE TO STATIONARY SOLUTIONS FOR SEMILINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATIONS WITH NONLINEAR BOUNDARY CONDITIONS M. CHIPOT, M. FILA AND P. QUITTNER


Melanin has been reported to be the key factor for skin homeostasis. Besides defining an important human phenotypic trait, melanin overproduction may cause various disorders such as vitiligo, Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, and melasma. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-melanogenic potential of dried spike extract of chestnut. The extract inhibited tyrosinase (TYR) activity in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular melanin content decreased markedly after treatment with the extract. The spike extract inhibited microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression and downregulated TYR, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2 protein expression by increasing the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signalling pathway in melan-a cells. In addition, treatment with U0126, a specific inhibitor of ERK, restored melanin content. Collectively, these results suggest that the chestnut spike extract attenuated melanogenesis by inhibiting MITF expression and downregulating TYR, TYRP-1, and TYRP-2 protein expressions via activation of ERK1/2 pathway.


A dramatic growth in the inflow of foreign nationals is transforming Korea into a multicultural society, with an increasing number of international marriages. Legal matters, i.e. formation and validity of marriages and divorces, are important yet challenging issues for international couples and thus merit extensive research. This paper seeks to identify the legal implications of matrimonial property agreements as defined under the Korean Civil Act, which is applied to international marriages in Korea. 1. Governing Law for a Matrimonial Property Regime under the Korean Private International Act Under the Korean Private International Act, the same governing law for the general validity of a marriage applies to a matrimonial property regime, which includes a marital property agreement (Private International Act, Article 38-1). This is because it is appropriate to apply the constitutional principle of gender equality and to apply the same set of laws to both general and property aspects of a marriage. In addition, the principle of party autonomy has been adopted for the matrimonial property regime, whereby spouses are allowed to choose a governing law and the chosen law prevails (Article 38-2). However, the laws eligible to be considered governing law are limited in scope considering the personal and practical aspects of the regime (Article 38-2-1, 2, 3). Furthermore, for clarity of the selection, the law mandates a written and dated contract with the parties' names and seals or signatures (Article 38-2, proviso). 1 Under the Multicultural Families Support Act, enacted in 2008 for social cohesion, foreign nationals residing in Korea who had or have marital relationships with Korean citizens are defined as "marital immigrants." Yoon Cheol CHOI, Legislative Response to Transformation to a Multicultural Society, p. 12, 8 Korea Jurists Congress, Social Cohesion and Role of Law, October 10, 2012. 2 An international marriage, in general, refers to a "marriage between a man and a woman of different nationalities." International marriages in Korea may include marriages between Korean and foreign nationals and marriages between foreign nationals. 3 There are three approaches to a matrimonial property regime in terms of the governing laws: personal laws, the movableimmovable separation principle, and an intention-oriented approach. In personal laws, marital property is treated as a personal issue just as any other personal matters of the parties involved would be treated. Adopting this approach, the Korean Private International Act, as the governing law of a marital property regime, applies the same law that effectuates the marriage or an equivalent standard. Under the movable-immovable separation principle, movable property falls subject to the law of the domicile of the couple, while immovable property is subject to the law of the location of the property. In an intention-oriented approach, the party autonomy rule is applied to marital property, as in debt agreements. Chang Seop Shin, Private International Act, Sechang Publish, 2011, p. 281. Matrimonial Property Agreements for International Marriages in the Republic of Korea 19 The rationale behind applying the party autonomy rule to a marital property regime is that it is appropriate, given its strong financial nature, to allow the spouses to freely establish and manage property relationships in accordance with their intentions. Another rationale behind allowing a couple to select the governing law is to ensure a high level of predictability of circumstances. Where the law of a country "most closely related" to a couple may be selected as an objective governing law, in a cascading order of distance, which reduces predictability. In addition, in the Korean legal system, which allows alteration of the reference time point, the party autonomy rule respects a couple's desire for clarity and stability in their property contracts.Meanwhile, a marital property regime also impacts the interests of third parties as counterparties in transactions. Selection of a foreign law as the governing law, in particular, gives rise to a concern for protection of domestic transactions. For this, a separate clause was added to ensure that if a marital property agreement, concluded under a foreign law, is registered in Korea, it may be claimed against a third party (Article 38-4). However, if the agreement is not registered in Korea, or if the legal property regime is not relevant to registration and a foreign governing law is selected, a claim cannot be made against a bona fide third party in relation to a juristic act conducted in Korea or to property located in Korea. If such is claimed by a third party, the laws of the Republic of Korea shall prevail (Article 38-3). While the consequences of a divorce regarding marital property, i.e. dissolution of property relations and attribution of property, are subject to Article 38 of the Private International Act (Marital Property Regime), matters related to post-divorce property division fall under Article 39 (Divorce). 2. Features of Marital Property Agreements for International Marriages The governing law of a matrimonial property regime applies to both marital property agreements and the legal property regime in determining whether a marital property contract is legally recognized and if so, when it must be concluded, what information is to be included, and whether revision or alteration is permitted. Regarding the capacity to sign a marital property contract, some argue that if a person, including a minor, who has the capacity to enter into a marriage, is deemed to have the capacity to enter into a marital property contract, the matter is more of a marital property issue rather than a general capacity issue, and thus, the governing law of the matrimonial property regime must prevail. However, it can be safely countered that the capacity to enter into a marital property contract falls under the capacity to property execution, and thus, pursuant to Article 13 of the Private International Act (Capacity), the laws of the home countries of the two spouses at the time of the contract must apply. In the same manner, Article 17 of the Private International Act (Method of Juristic Act) must apply instead of the governing law of the marital property regime, to what, how, and when of the contract. Meanwhile, if a matrimonial property agreement is not legally recognized or if a couple did not conclude an agreement, the couple must follow the legal property regime (Civil Act, Article 830 or 833) pursuant to the governing law of the marital property regime.As the parties to a marital property agreement are permitted to choose the governing law under the party autonomy rule, it may be that the marital property agreement defined in the Korean Civil Act applies. 4 Referencing the same governing law for the general validity of a marriage to a marital property regime requires determination of a reference time point: whether to reference the law "at the time of the marriage" (alteration prohibited) or "at present" (alteration permitted). Amending the Conflict of Laws, the Korean Private International Act adopted the latter approach. The spirit of the former under the Conflict of Laws was to respect the permanent nature of matrimonial property and to protect the wife and any third party from disadvantages arising from the husband's arbitrary change of nationality and the consequential change in the governing law. However, the new Private International Act adopts the latter, because the marital property regime and the general validity of a marriage share the same governing law and thus, aligning the effectuation time points is appropriate. Furthermore, as both spouses' personal laws duly apply under Article 37 of the Private International Act, one spouse's arbitrary change of nationality creates a minimal, if any, legal benefit for him/her. Gwang Hyun Seok, Interpretation of the 2001 Amendments of the Private International Act, Jisan, 2003, pp. 323-324. In Ho Kim, Analysis of Precedents in the Private International Act, Parkyoungsa, 2004, p. 205. 7 This is the majority's theory as found in Jong Jin Yoon's, Amended Contemporary Private International Act, Hanol, 2003, p. 446; Yeon Kim, Jeong Ki Park, In Yu Kim, Private International Act, Bobmunsa, 2003, p. 329; Chang Seop Shin, p. 284; Hee Won Seo, Lectures on the Private International Act, Ilchokak, 1990, p. 277; Yong Han Kim, Myung Rae Cho, Private International Act, Jungil Publishing Co., 1991, p. 321. For an opposing view, see Chang Seon Shin, Private International Act, Fides, 2006, pp. 330-331. Journal of Law and Criminal Justice, Vol. 5(1), June 2017 20 In addition, regarding a marital property agreement concluded under a foreign law but registered in Korea, such may be enforced against a third party pursuant to the Korean Civil Act, which allows for registration of matrimonial property agreements in Korea (Civil Act, Article 829-4). Even an agreement concluded under a foreign law, if registered in Korea, can be used to make a claim against a third party. This is to protect foreign nationals in transactions conducted in Korea. As such, the party autonomy rule plays a critical role in the Private International Act. For instance, Article 8 of the Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Maintenance Obligations of 1973 may be waived by a local law by means of the spouses' selection of their governing law. In other words, if a couple's marital property agreement defines property matters post-divorce, then the couple may choose their agreement over the governing divorce law by affirming their agreement. The current trend of the conventions on private international laws is in favor of the party autonomy rule. The concept is also gaining momentum in the realm of family law. One of the rationales for expansion of the party autonomy rule in Korea is that it contributes to legal stability. 3. Formation and Effect of Matr


Based on Peter Newmark's theories of semantic translation and communicative translation and with the help of a comparative analysis of two English versions of the famous literary works Teahouse, the paper aims to provide an in-depth discussion of how to achieve ideal equivalence in the translation of Modern Chinese drama. It is concluded that cultural approach will be of value to translation scholars in their attempts to achieve equivalence in drama translation, both theoretical and practical.


Many variations of the aortic origin of the coronary arteries are recognised.' Until recently these have been reported infrequently and usually discovered during necropsy.2 The widespread use of coronary arteriography, however, has led to more frequent detection of the anomalies during life. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva is rare, having been found in one series in 1:2000 angiograms.3 It is important that this condition is recognised, as origin of the coronary arteries from the right sinus of Valsalva is associated with an increased risk of sudden death24 and may have specific implications for the surgeon when associated with valvular or congenital heart disease. We report such a case associated with critical aortic stenosis. Although several investigators have reported anomalous left coronary artery origin and mitral valve disease,5 the association of anomalous left coronary artery origin and appreciable aortic stenosis is exceedingly rare.


The turn to narrative enquiry shifts the very presence of the researcher from
knowledge-privileged investigator to a reflective position of passive
participant/audience member in the storytelling process. The interviewer as
writer/storyteller then emerges later in the process through her/his retelling of
the story as a weaver of tales, a collage-maker or a narrator of the narrations.
Recent times have seen the development of myriad methods of narrative
inquiry; one such method and the practicalities of its interview protocol will be
discussed in this chapter.


After parsing the cylindrical helicoids the accurate calculating method was clarified in this paper. The unwind figure can be precisely and quickly drawn with this method. Consequently the economical and accurate cutting can be achieved in wire cutting machines.


The article contains sections titled:

1.	Basic Heat-Transfer and Pressure-Drop Analysis
1.1.	Basic Equations and Definitions of Heat-Transfer Analysis
1.1.1.	Fundamental Concepts
1.1.2.	Temperature Distributions and Heat Exchanger Effectiveness
1.2.	Dimensionless Methods for Exchanger Heat-Transfer Analysis
1.3.	Extensions of the Basic Heat-Transfer Theory
1.3.1.	Longitudinal Wall Heat Conduction
1.3.2.	Variable Overall Heat-Transfer Coefficients
1.4.	Exchanger Pressure-Drop Analysis
1.4.1.	Plate – Fin Exchangers
1.4.2.	Tube – Fin Exchangers
1.4.3.	Regenerators
1.4.4.	Plate Heat Exchangers
2.	Single-Phase Heat-Transfer and Pressure-Drop Correlations
2.1.	Basic Concepts and Dimensionless Groups
2.2.	Theoretical Solutions and Correlations for Simple Geometries
2.2.1.	Fully Developed Flows
2.2.2.	Hydrodynamically Developing Flows
2.2.3.	Thermally Developing Flows
2.2.4.	Simultaneously Developing Flows
2.3.	Empirical Correlations for Complex Geometries
2.3.1.	Tubular Exchangers
2.3.2.	Plate Exchangers
2.3.3.	Extended Surface Exchangers
3.	Two-Phase Heat-Transfer and Pressure-Drop Correlations
3.1.	Flow Patterns
3.2.	Two-Phase Pressure-Drop Correlations
3.2.1.	Intube Pressure Drop
3.2.2.	Shellside (Tube Bundle) Pressure Drop
3.2.3.	Other Geometries
3.3.	Heat-Transfer Correlations for Condensation
3.3.1.	Condensation Inside a Horizontal Tube
3.3.2.	Condensation Inside a Vertical Tube
3.3.3.	Condensation Outside Horizontal Tube Bundles
3.3.4.	Condensation over Finned Tubes
3.3.5.	Condensation Outside Vertical Tube Bundles
3.3.6.	Condensation of Mixtures
3.4.	Heat-Transfer Correlations for Boiling and Evaporation
3.4.1.	Intube Forced Convective Boiling
3.4.2.	Intube Critical Heat Flux
3.4.3.	Shellside Forced Convective Boiling
3.4.4.	Shellside Critical Heat Flux
4.	Thermal Design for Single-Phase Heat Exchangers
4.1.	Introduction
4.2.	Shell-and-Tube Exchangers
4.2.1.	Segmental Baffles
18.104.22.168.	Shellside Heat Transfer
188.8.131.52.	Shellside Pressure Drop
4.2.2.	Disk-and-Doughnut Baffles
4.2.3.	Rod Baffles
4.2.4.	Design Procedure
4.3.	Compact Heat Exchangers
4.3.1.	The Rating Problem
4.3.2.	The Sizing Problem
4.3.3.	Micro-Channel Heat Exchangers


The utility model relates to an extractor for an integrated circuit, provided with opposite flanges which can be extended into the corner groove path of a load bearing corner of a wafer to hook and support the corner bottom of a square integrated circuit wafer, and a pushing pressing plate which can abut and press the middle position of the upper surface of the integrated circuit wafer. The clamping mode of three positions is formed, and accordingly, the square integrated circuit wafer can be smoothly taken out from the load bearing socket; accordingly, the integrated circuit wafer body or a base pin can be prevented from the damage or the bending deflection. As provided with the flanges and the pushing pressing plate, the utility model can be used for extracting a rectangular integrated circuit on a printed circuit actually.


Private wage returns to schooling in South Africa in 1993 are twice as high for nonwhites as for whites and substantially higher at advanced levels of schooling for both races. To explore how these returns might be expected to change as the proportion of Africans with secondary and higher education increases quantile regressions for the wage function are estimated for African males and white males. If the residuals based on a standard wage function specification are interpreted as omitted ability and it is assumed that ability increases (decreases) returns to schooling then we expect quantile returns to increase (decrease) at higher quantiles. This is not observed for Africans at the higher and secondary school level but is evident among whites at higher educational levels. The opposite pattern of differential returns favoring the least able (i.e. lowest deciles) is reported for the lower tail of the educational distribution that is for Africans at the level of primary school and for whites at secondary school. (authors)


Studies on the use of omega-3 fatty acids to reduce residual cardiovascular risks have yielded mixed results. In the industry-funded STRENGTH trial,


Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) with diabetic macular edema (DME) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and can lead to visual loss in young individuals. Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of posterior subtenon versus intravitreal triamcinolone injection for treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. Patients and methods: seventy six eyes of 64 patients having diffuse diabetic macular edema were included and divided into two groups; Intravitreal triamcinolon acetonide group (IVTA group) included 40 eyes of 30 diabetic individuals, injected with 4 mg (0.1ml) IVTA. Posterior subtenon triamcinolon acetonide group (STTA group) consists of 36 eyes of 34 diabetic persons injected with 40 mg (1ml) in the posterior subtenon space. The central subfield macular thickness (CMT) measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) before injection, 3 and 6 months post-injection was evaluated. Visual acuity as Log MAR, intraocular pressure (IOP) and any complications associated with both techniques ware assessed. Results: the baseline log MAR VA was significantly improved in both groups at one, three, and six months post-injection .The IVTA and STTA groups had significant reduction in CMT three and six months after steroid injection. The mean IOP was 16.6±1.3 mmHg and 15.4±1.1mmHg at the end of follow up in IVTA and STTA groups respectively. Conclusion: both intavitreal and subtenons routes of steroid injection are good alternatives for the treatment of diabetic macular edema, but the intravitreal route has a more pronounced effect while the subtenons route is safer.


Vascular phantoms can be used as in vitro test objects to explore flow behaviour in pathological conditions and novel ways of improving ultrasound diagnosis. This kind of phantom should be anatomically realistic both in terms of geometry, acoustic and physical properties. In particular, enhancing measurements reliability of in vitro models test needs a realistic physiological flow performed by a reliable phantom set-up.This paper describes the design of a programmable flow pump system, designed to be used in an in vitro experimental studies. This system wants to overcome budget problem due mainly to expensive flowmeters. The proposed solution is to use a low cost device, not able to perform a reliable closed loop control, but suitable to obtain an ARX non-linear model of the hydraulic circuit thanks to Matlab tools. By using that model, it is possible to act an open loop control able to produce the targeted waveform with median deviation less than 9% and a similarity index of 0.98.Here, we present also the flow rate calibration steps of the designed flow phantom set-up. In the current work, the flow pump system has been developed using Carotid artery Phantom (CaP), but thanks of its programmability it's possible to implement different flow profiles suitable for others flow phantoms.


The purpose of this pilot project was to develop a tool and a process for providing performance feedback on evidence-based classroom management strategies to teachers of students in emotional support classrooms. The project was carried out with nine classroom teachers and descriptive results are discussed. Initial results found increases in treatment integrity after the first round of performance feedback and increases in student on-task behaviors. The evaluation procedures mirrored the screening approach taken within a response-to-intervention model (i.e., benchmark screening three times a year). The potential for "scaling-up" the techniques of assessing treatment integrity and providing performance feedback, in relation to the implementation of classroom management strategies, is discussed.


Document classification has attracted increasing attention recently as a result of the ever-increasing amounts of document data on the Internet. In this paper, an efficient document classification algorithm is proposed by combining the ideas of maximum margin criterion(MMC) and minimax probability machine(MPM). Experimental results on three well-known benchmark document datasets demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm over the traditional document classification algorithms.


Aim  The goal of this paper is to examine the relationships between body size, biomic specialization and range size in the African large mammals, which are defined as all the African species corresponding to the orders Primates, Carnivora, Proboscidea, Perissodactyla, Hyracoidea, Tubulidentata, Artiodactyla and Pholidota.


To provide a lens array sheet (1) capable of efficiently condensing diffuse light such as the light from a LED light source or EL light source. The lens array sheet comprises a transparent base material (6), a plurality of light-receiving sections each consisting of a transparent right frustum (2) which is provided on the surface of the base material and is tapered outwardly from the base material, and a plurality of condensing lenses (3) disposed on the back of the base material so as to face the respective light-receiving sections. The side face of the right frustum (2) forms a taper angle larger than 0° and less than 15° with the central axial line of the right frustum, and an aspect ratio (H/D) which is a proportion of the height (H) of the right frustum to the minimum length (D) of the cut surface of the right frustum is larger than 0, and no more than 10.


Purpose
This paper aims to determine the optimum arrangement of a reverse osmosis system in two methods of plug and concentrate recycling.

Design/methodology/approach
To compare the optimum conditions of these two methods, a seawater reverse osmosis system was considered to produce fresh water at a rate of 4,000 m3/d for Mahyarkala city, located in north of Iran, for a period of 20 years. Using genetic algorithms and two-objective optimization method, the reverse osmosis system was designed.

Findings
The results showed that exergy efficiency in optimum condition for concentrate recycling and plug methods was 82.6 and 92.4 per cent, respectively. The optimizations results showed that concentrate recycling method, despite a 36 per cent reduction in the initial cost and a 2 per cent increase in maintenance expenses, provides 6 per cent higher recovery and 19.7 per cent less permeate concentration than two-stage plug method.

Originality/value
Optimization parameters include feed water pressure, the rate of water return from the brine for concentrate recycling system, type of SW membrane, feedwater flow rate and numbers of elements in each pressure vessel (PV). These parameters were also compared to each other in terms of recovery (R) and freshwater unit production cost. In addition, the exergy of all elements was analyzed by selecting the optimal mode of each system.


The polymorphic type system of ML can be extended in two ways to make it the appropriate basis of a database programming language. The first is an extension to the language of types that captures the polymorphic nature of field selection; the second is a technique that generalizes relational operators to arbitrary data structures. The combination provides a statically typed language in which relational databases may be cleanly represented as typed structures. As in M L types are inferred, which relieves the programmer of making the rather complicated type assertions that may be required to express the most general type of a program that involving field selection and generalized relational operators. These extensions may also be used to provide static polymorphic typechecking in object-oriented languages and databases. A problem that arises with object-oriented databases is the apparent need for dynamic typechecking when dealing with queries on heterogeneous collections of objects. An extension of the type system needed for generalized relational operations can also be used for manipulating collections of dynamically typed values in a statically typed language. A prototype language based on these ideas has been implemented. While it lacks a proper treatment of persistent data, it demonstrates that a wide variety of database structures can be cleanly represented in a polymorphic programming language.


In this paper, we have given a presentation of the relativistic theory of asymmetric field. It is our aim to present a theory of gravitation and electomagnetism by a generalization of the concepts and mathematical methods of the general relativity. We look for the formally most simple expression for the law of gravitation in the absence of an electromagnetic field, and then the most natural generalization of this law. This theory contain  Maxwell's theory in the Lambda transformation.


A large group of smallish countries totalling about a billion people have sheered off from the rest of mankind. As the world becomes more socially integrated this giant pool of poverty will be both unacceptable and explosive. It is the world's biggest economic problem and we need to do something about it. To know what to do we need to start with a diagnosis. While the common fate of the bottom billion has been stagnation and poverty there has been no single cause. In my recently published book The Bottom Billion I propose Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can be Done About it


A strange triumvirate. What can Eriugena, Coleridge, and Eliot and the editions in which their work is enshrined have in common for me to bring them here to the closing conference of Ars edendi and then to the commemorative volume? Or, can the differences in the editing of the three inform our sense of the opportunities and challenges yet remaining in scholarly textuality? And, given the musical allusion in my title, is there some way in which each of these authors and their texts can be thought of as separate 'movements' each contributing to the total text (if you like, the harmony) that is editing and textual criticism? Bearing in mind A. E. Housman's very neat formulation − 'textual criticism is a science, and, since it comprises recension and emendation, it is also an art. It is the science of discovering error in texts and the art of removing it,'1 − can all three authors and the editions of their works fit comfortably in the art/science dichotomy that we have inherited from Housman? Of course, the conference and the organisation sponsoring it, Ars edendi, recognize just one element of Housman's formulation, the 'arts' of editing, but perhaps for the moment it will suffice to recall that Housman's balanced formula was offered as a corrective to the Germanic dominance of Altertumswissenschaft and the imposition of a strict philology that left little room for the 'thought' in Housman's title. We have to remember that, based on a strict application of recen-


Measurement of $Z$ bosons produced in association with charm jets $(Zc)$ in proton-proton collisions in the forward region provides a direct probe of a potential non-perturbative (intrinsic) charm component in the proton wave function. We provide a detailed study of the potential to measure $Zc$ production at the LHCb experiment in Runs 2 and 3 of the LHC. The sensitivity to valence-like (sea-like) intrinsic charm is predicted to be $\langle x \rangle_{\rm IC} \gtrsim 0.3\%(1\%)$. The impact of intrinsic charm on Higgs production at the LHC, including $Hc$, is also discussed in detail.


In order to explore effective theoretical parameters to follow the physical processes of the conformational isomerism, a density functional and molecular orbital study of the conformational isomerism of ethane molecule isfurnished by adopting the geometry optimization technique, GOT, The total energy, the eigen values ol the frontier orbitals, the HOMO-LUMO gap, the global hardness, the golbal softness and chemical potential have been computed as a function of torsional angles of the internal rotation of the molecule. The eigen values of the frontier orbitals, the HOMO-LUMO gap, the global hardness and global softness are found to follow the physical process of evolution of the molecular conformations due to unrestricted rotation around single bonds in a molecule. A comparative study of the nature of the profiles of the eigen values of the frontier orbital and the density functional parameters with the potential energy diagram explores the potential ability of the molecular orbital and density functional parameters to study and compute the physical process of the conformational isomerism of the molecule.


Background This study aims to determine whether significant associations exist between the parents' country of birth and adolescent depressive symptoms in the early stages of a multicultural society. Methods We used data from the 2012–2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included responses from 327,357 individuals. Participants were classified into groups according to their parent's country of birth. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the significance of the associations. Results Adolescents whose parents were born abroad are more likely to have depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33–2.12) than adolescents whose parents were native Koreans. Respondents whose father was born in North Korea or Japan or Taiwan show greater odds of depressive symptoms than respondents whose parents were native Korean. Conclusion Adolescents whose parents were born abroad are more likely to have depressive symptoms. Multicultural family support policies should be implemented in consideration of the characteristics of the parents' country of birth.


For the first time, the approach to detect early fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) system by vibration sensor is introduced. The vibration sensor attached to the high-pressure pump collects the vibration data of the RO system, which are affected by foulants accumulated on the membrane surface. Labscale fouling tests were carried out using humic acid in two different approaches: the constant-control test and the variation test, where the former is to maintain the constant test conditions and the latter is to intentionally change some test conditions during the fouling test. The vibration sensor collected three-axis vibration data 8,192 data points per second and the size of the data file is about one gigabyte per hour. The raw data files were trimmed to smaller-sized files (six vibration data-sets per one fouling test) using R version 3.5.1 for the fouling analysis. The vibration data analyses for both the constant-control and variation tests revealed that some of six vibration data-sets could be used to figure out the early fouling even in the test condition in variation, where the early fouling is defined as the period when the average of the vibration data drops by over some percentage compared to that in no-fouling period.


Thermodynamic geometry provides a physically transparent framework to describe thermodynamic processes in meso- and micro-scale systems that are driven by slow variations of external control parameters. Focusing on periodic driving for thermal machines, we extend this framework to ideal quantum gases. To this end, we show that the standard approach of equilibrium physics, where a grand-canonical ensemble is used to model a canonical one by fixing the mean particle number through the chemical potential, can be extended to the slow driving regime in a thermodynamically consistent way. As a key application of our theory, we use a Lindblad-type quantum master equation to work out a dynamical model of a quantum many-body engine using a harmonically trapped Bose-gas. Our results provide a geometric picture of the Bose–Einstein condensate-induced power enhancement that was previously predicted for this type of engine on the basis of an endoreversible model (Myers et al 2022 New J. Phys. 24 025001). Using an earlier derived universal trade-off relation between power and efficiency as a benchmark, we further show that the Bose-gas engine can deliver significantly more power at given efficiency than an equally large collection of single-body engines. Our work paves the way for a more general thermodynamic framework that makes it possible to systematically assess the impact of quantum many-body effects on the performance of thermal machines.


Excitement over the potential use of adenosine A2A antagonists in the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) quieted after a few disappointing trials. A


A regular refraction wave structure may appear when a shock coming from infinity hits an interface between two different media. In such a case, the interface will be deflected, the incident shock will refract, and some reflected wave arises. If the incoming flow and the incident shock are specifically presented, then the refraction shock can be transonic and the reflection wave can be a rarefaction wave. For such a wave pattern, we show that it is conditionally and locally stable provided that a pressure condition, which is determined by the incoming flow, is presented in downstream behind the refraction shock.A regular refraction wave structure may appear when a shock coming from infinity hits an interface between two different media. In such a case, the interface will be deflected, the incident shock will refract, and some reflected wave arises. If the incoming flow and the incident shock are specifically presented, then the refraction shock can be transonic and the reflection wave can be a rarefaction wave. For such a wave pattern, we show that it is conditionally and locally stable provided that a pressure condition, which is determined by the incoming flow, is presented in downstream behind the refraction shock.


The brio, the punch, the vigor, and the rich, rude tang of Philip Roth's writing have, of course, been well documented. In the innumerable news features after his death, critics, scholars, and friends reflected on the frenetic pace of his writing, as well as the humor, the vitriol, and the anger that informed his work. And surely not even the most skeptical reader can deny that Roth's prose throbs with a uniquely caustic and savage energy, which, as his friend David Hare has observed, was directed towards skewering hypocrisy wherever he saw it. For me, though, the appeal of Roth's writing lies not just in its vigor and energy, but in its depth, its sophistication, its moral and historical profundity. People often describe his books as angry, funny, sexy, or moving; but I think the lifeblood of Roth's work is more than just an abiding wrath or lustiness. Rather it is his sustained engagement, throughout his career in fiction, with his ancestors, literary or otherwise. This energy manifests itself in two ways: in the raft of literary influences to which he was never shy of admitting, and in the various representations of characters who assess their lives in terms of those who have formed them.1 The first of these manifestations is nowhere more evident than in the book in which I first encountered Roth's distinctive voice, I Married a Communist (1998). Contemplating his life and the friendships that have formed him, an older Nathan Zuckerman reflects:


The paper aims to explain communication strategy to increase the public acceptance of nuclear power plant in Bengkayang Regency. West Kalimantan will be the first area to have a nuclear power plant in Indonesia. In order to get the permit to build it, the government need public acceptance. Nevertheless, society divided into pro and cons on the nuclear issue. Government need a new communication strategy to bridge the divided opinion. This study aims to elaborate on the concept of deliberation communication and social perception. The qualitative method used in doing this research. Data analysis conducted by interview and literature studies. Results of the research found that the society of Bengkayang tends to trust their traditional leaders. The best communication strategy to help people understand the message is by having deliberation communication. Within the deliberation, the communicator should be accompanied by the traditional leader. Before that, the expert has to convince those traditional leaders to support the message they wanted to deliver to the people. Others finding of this research was the people only need a simple explanation on the benefit and risk with a nuclear power plant in there area.


On the basis of observations in the present German educational system and the requirement to include modelling activities as a part of the general aim in mathematical education the advantages of spreadsheets will be demonstrated with the help of three examples.

To start with the assumption that, the earlier one begins with the concept of modelling the better one acquires these abilities in the course of the school time and the better one recognises mathematics as a part of our world, modelling activities in lower secondary schools will be shown. In the modelling process spreadsheets could be used with models which are based on systematic testing, iteration and recursion, simulation, parameter variation, visualisation and data-handling in an elementary fashion.


Describes research work that has resulted in the availability of a development-class medium size carbon dioxide laser system, suitable for research, micro-machining, and medical applications. The control computer allows the laser output power to be adjusted to any level up to 20 W, and the output beam frequency to be line tunable across the 10.6 /spl mu/m spectral band.<<ETX>>


This study constitutes an attempt to bring the notion of stupidity into relation with ethics and creativity, through a reading of Samuel Beckett's Endgame. Employing Emmanuel Levinas' theories on e ...


Author(s): Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna; Jasinski, Jacek; Zakharov, Dmitri; O'Keefe, Michael A. | Abstract: Thin film heteroepitaxy of polar materials such as GaN grown by MOCVD, MBE or HVPE Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), and grown on SiC or Al2O3 is frequently hampered by the formation of structural defects - mostly dislocations, nanotubes and pinholes. The nanotubes and pinholes are empty areas either extending along the growth direction (tubes) or forming v-shape defects on {101?1} planes. In most cases they are associated with dislocations, but in some cases these defects are formed in dislocation-free areas. In this presentation it will be shown that the screw dislocations present in HVPE samples are decorated by pinholes arranged on top of each other ("bamboo" structure), but these defects are not found in MBE samples grown on the top of HVPE samples. These might suggest either different core structure of a screw dislocation in HVPE and MBE grown material or suggest a different purity of these two materials. By applying a direct reconstruction of the phase and amplitude of the scattered electron wave from a focal series of high resolution images, the core structures of screw dislocations in both materials have been studied in order to see if the core structure in HVPE template layer and the MBE overlayer is different. This will be discussed in detail during the presentation.


This paper presents a new LBM-based model for image denoising and enhancement. The mathematical deduction showed that the global equation of our model was very similar to the diffusion reaction equation. By testing our LBM-based model on the artificial images, the behavior of image denoising and enhancement was given. We also demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm in clinical images such as blood cell image and MR image. Experiment results show that our model is effective Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is a numerical scheme based on kinetic theory for modeling various mathematical physical problems (1). It is a new numerical method originated from the Lattice Gas Automata (LGA) which is a kind of Cellular Automata. Since 1990s, many interests have been aroused in the application of LBM to the field of computational physics. Nowadays, LBM has become an alternative tool to the traditional numerical technology for resolving the partial differential equation (PDE) which also has been used in the image smoothing (2) and image segmentation (3) since 1980's. LBM is easy to implement and has the ability to incorporate massive parallel computation (4) (5). The most important difference between the LBM and the traditional numerical methods is that LBM is based on the microscopic description of the physical systems while the traditional numerical method is based on the discretization of the PDE which is a macroscopic description of the physical systems. By simulating the microscopic behavior of the physical systems, the global equation of LBM can match a


The commercial ends long before we digest its content. Its simple message-that tin cans will be current technology in the year 3000-is almost too much to fathom. Its visual impact seems to touch every button in the advertiser's bible: subliminal sex, vivid color, out-of-this-world scenery. In just 30 seconds the viewer is devastated, perceptual circuitry taken beyond capacity. Premiered during Super Bowl, the advertisement shows an apparently female robot lounging in what seems to be a sleek space condo. Jupiter is in the distance. In a breathy, low voice she thinks aloud to us. "Even in the year 3000 the question will still be, 'What's for dinner?"' Her gleaming chromium body moves with the grace of a ballerina as she kicks her naked metallic leg high in the air, swivels in her chair, and points to the camera. Poof, a candle magically lights. Weightless fruit, tableware, and a table float in from stage left and fall into Figure 1. Lighting is set up in studici for filming of live dancer. Figure 2. Dancer poses in position computer graphic robot will Figure 3. Note dots placed on dancer at all points where a joint later assume. of the robot will have to be articulated to make natural, fluid movements.


The interaction of neon ions with graphite was investigated for targets either irradiated with ion beams (2–10 keV range) or exposed to the scrape-off layer plasma in the TEXTOR tokamak during discharges with neon edge cooling. The emphasis was on the influence of the target temperature (300–1200 K) and the implantation dose on the neon retention and reemission. The influence of deuterium impact on the retention of neon implanted into graphite has also been addressed. In ion beam experiments saturation is observed above a certain ion dose with a saturation level, which decreases with increasing target temperature. The temperature dependence of the thermal desorption corresponds to an apparent binding energy of about 2.06 eV. The retention of neon (CNe/CC) decreases with increasing ion energy with values from 0.55 to 0.15 following irradiation with 2 and 10 keV ions, respectively. The reemission yield during the irradiation increases with target temperature and above 1200 K all impinging ions are reemitted...


Aim:To study the occurrence of hypocalcemia in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia after 48 hours of con- tinuous phototherapy and to compare the results between term and preterm neonates. Methods: This study was performed on 200 neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (155 term and 45 preterm) who were given phototherapy in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Serum ionized calcium levels were checked before and af- ter 48 hours of phototherapy. The prevalence of hypocalcemia after 48 hours of phototherapy was observed and com- pared between full term and preterm neonates. Neonates who had conjugated hyperbilirubinema, asphyxia, respiratory distress, hemolytic anemia, sepsis were excluded from the study.Results: 85/200 neonates (42%) developed hypocalce- mia. 61/155full term neonates (39%) and24/45 preterm neonates(53%) developed hypocalcemia after 48 hours of pho- totherapy. Conclusion:Significant decline in serum ionized calcium level is observed in neonates receiving phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia.


This experiment aims at finding an influence of syntactic priming on sentence processing. It uses locally ambiguous sentences with a late disambiguation. Semantically and syntactically there are no big differences between sentences. The processing of these sentences is measured by recording the reading time of the target sentences. These target sentences are constructed with the syntactically ambiguous word om either as preposition or as complementizer. Three kinds of primes were used: The same structure, the competing structure or none of the two structures (no prime). The recorded reading times of the different target sentences resulted in no significant differences for the different types of prime. This makes it impossible to draw conclusions with respect to my predictions. It is suggested that (a) more participants be included in a next experiment, and that (b) the materials be more carefully checked for acceptability (and plausibility). 1 1 I would like to thank Jorik Geutjes for his part in designing the original outline of this experiment. I'd like to thank Hedwig for being available on gmail-chat for anything I needed, Frans for making his students available as participants, Margriet for her help in constructing and evaluating the final sentences and Nienke for her help in finding the right words.


: The project study with the special concrete such as light weight concrete by using oil palm shell as a replacer to the coarse aggregate light weight concrete having low density, reduction of dead load. The reduction in density produced by using oil palm shell as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete. In this investigation M20 grade has used and coarse aggregate was replaced by various percentage of OPS i.e. 0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%. Then determine the compression, tensile, flexural strength of concrete to check the favourable replacement of OPS concrete. Finally, the results are compared with the nominal concrete. Light weight concrete is used for pavement filling and wall panels etc.


AIM: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of alloferon in human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical neoplasia (grade I) based on the analysis of the cytokine profile in cervical mucus as well as markers of apoptosis in cervical epithelial cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 98 women, including 55 women of reproductive age with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) associated with HPV infection and 43 conditionally healthy women without HPV infection. Factors of cytokine response and markers of apoptosis under normal and pathology conditions were assessed and compared.
RESULTS: The imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, in favor of the latter, is an important factor that supports the persistence of HPV-associated grade I CIN. Reducing caspase-3 and caspase-9, increasing interleukin-18, and subsequent activation of interferon gamma against the background of alloferon use are favorable signs of substantial elimination of the HPV.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show considerable elimination of HPV in patients with grade I CIN when using immunological antivirus therapy.


[1] Modern geodetic techniques such as precise Global Positioning System (GPS) and high-resolution space gravity mapping (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, GRACE) make it possible to measure the present-day rate of viscoelastic gravitational Earth response to present and past glacier mass changes. The Andes of Patagonia contain glacial environments of dramatic mass change. These mass load changes occur near a tectonically active boundary between the Antarctic and South American plates. The mechanical strength of the continental side of this boundary is influenced by Neogene ridge subduction and by the subduction of a youthful oceanic slab. A ridge of young volcanos parallels the Pacific coastline. Release of volatiles (such as water) at depth along this ridge creates a unique rheological environment. To assess the influence of this rheological ridge structure on the observational land uplift rate, we apply a two-dimensional viscoelastic Earth model. A numerical study is presented which examines the sensitivity of the glacial loading-unloading response to the complex structure at depth related to the subducting slab, the viscous wedge between slab and continental lithosphere, and the increase of elastic thickness from oceanic to continental lithosphere. A key feature revealed by our numerical experiments is a continuum flow wherein the slab subdues the material transport toward oceanic mantle and crust. The restricted flow is sensitive to the details of slab mechanical strength and penetration into the upper mantle. The reduced viscosity within the mantle wedge, however, enhances the load-induced material transport everywhere within the asthenosphere.


This letter illustrates how a challenging problem be solved by assuring the adequacy of the raw information and using an appropriate deep learning network to extract the relevant information. The problem concerned is accurate monitoring of the penetration, in a fully penetrated weld pool, as quantified by the width of the weld on the back-side of the workpiece. This is challenging as the penetration occurs below the workpiece surface and is not visible. A popular method is to use a weld pool image to derive it. Analysis of the physical process suggests that a single weld pool does not contain adequate information but most recent serial weld pools may. As such, although a deep learning model may extract information that is already there, the raw information may not be sufficient. Hence, a model that is capable of extracting information from dynamic serial weld pool images is needed. To this end, a CNN-LSTM (convolutional neural network combined with long-short term memory one) model is proposed. Dynamic weld pools are experimentally generated by changing the welding current and welding speed randomly. The weld pools are imaged using an HDR camera during experiments. Images are also captured from the back-side surface of the workpiece to provide the ground truth for training, validation, and testing. It is found that the highly dynamically changing weld pool can be accurately predicted using serial weld pool images at 0.3 mm for its back-side bead width. Comparison has been made with results from comparative studies to verify the effectiveness of and the contribution from the information adequacy (by using serial images) and the feature extracting capability (by using deep learning).


Introduction: In this article, we present a modification of the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block technique which is simple, easy to master, has high success rate and comfortable to patients as multiple needle penetrations are avoided. In the standard technique, following anesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve, the needle is redirected for lingual nerve anesthesia leading to potential complications, which is avoided in single injection straight line technique. Materials and Methods: A clinical study of alternative inferior alveolar nerve block along with long buccal and lingual nerve blocks, by injecting local anesthesia into the pterygomandibular space by single penetration without redirecting the needle was performed on 207 patients undergoing simple extractions and surgical extractions of mandibular molars. The study was conducted over a period of 2 years.
Results: Among 207 patients who underwent extraction, anesthesia was completely successful in 202 patients. The remaining 5 patients needed a second cartridge of anesthesia as first cartridge did not achieve desired anesthesia. The success rate in this study was 97.5%. Conclusion: This new technique provided a high success rate and was easier to master. Moreover, this technique does not involve deflecting the needle to anesthetize lingual nerve. Discomfort due to injection of needles is reduced as there is no second injection for blocking long buccal nerve. Psychologically, the patient is better prepared too.