A speech act means a linguistic action intended by a user. In many cases, the speech act of an utterance varies depending on the context of the utterance. Since it is difficult to represent such contextual information in hand-crafted rules, statistical approaches suggest very promising directions. Traditional statistical models, however, need large training corpus to train probability distributions. We propose a new trigram model, named fuzzy trigram model. We use a membership function in fuzzy set theory instead of conversational probability distributions to alleviate sparse data problems and to achieve high performance even with small training data. In the experiments, the model performs better than a statistical trigram model when the size of training data is small, less than about 300 dialogues. This result shows that the fuzzy trigram model is suitable for the applications such as dialogue analysis where large training corpus is difficult to be obtained.


We have characterized the gamma and X-ray scintillation properties of Ce3+ doped Lu2Si207, a lutetium pyro-silicate (LPS) material. The rare earth ions are located in an octahedral site with C2 symmetry. The compound exhibits chemical stability, transparency in a wide optical range and congruent melting, which allows growing of single crystals of good optical quality. The melting temperature is about 20OO0C, slightly lower than that of LuzSi05 (LSO). Two maxima at 305 nm and 355 nm are observed in the optical absorption spectrum. The emission spectrum of Ce3t in LPS shows a broad band peaking at 380 nm. For a nominal Ce3+ atomic concentration of -0.01, under gamma-ray excitation we observe light yields in the range 13,000-23,000 photons/MeV, depending on the preparation atmosphere. The actual cerium concentration inside the crystal still needs to be determined. The scintillation decay time is around 30 ns and, in the first studies, neither a long component nor afterglow was observed.


SPAGHETTI is a computer program to simulate genetic populations with segregating molecular markers that are influenced by "real-life" complications such as duplicated loci and segregation distortion. It produces output that is readable by popular mapping software, and it can be used to demonstrate or test methods for constructing genetic linkage maps. The source code, sample files, instructions for use, and an executable version compatible with MS Windows are available for free from http://gnomad.agr.ca/software/spaghetti.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of spousal support toward a working woman's career progression. As women continue to bear the brunt of shouldering more domestic responsibilities than men, this research focuses on their extensive need for spousal support. The work attempts to examine how working women perceive the roles their spouses play in sharing home and childcare responsibilities vis-à-vis supporting them in pursuing a career. The compartmentalization of gender roles and how it influences division of labor between husband and wife have also been explored.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a qualitative approach based on analysis of multiple cases regarding women academicians. In-depth narratives based on rich interview data presented an inquiry into spousal support working women received. The impact of spousal support on the career trajectories of women was also explored.

Findings
Results show that spousal support is an important dimension toward the success of a woman's career. Findings also suggest that gender role is an essential dynamic that determines the pattern of dominance between couples. Gender role ideology between the husband and wife was a key determinant of husbands' support toward his working wife.

Originality/value
The present research, unlike previous studies, explores how women perceive the presence/absence of a husband's support in a little studied group of female workers.


Based on the summary of the risk control of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station and unit defect management,this paper gives a detailed research on the defect classification and the importance level of(equipment,and a comprehensive evalution on the combination of these as well.Aslo,combined with the comprehensive set of the study of job management on the important and sensitive area.This paper makes a deeper research on the risk classification and control method of the production activities.Also,it makes a risk analysis method,aimed at improving the safety of nuclear power and its economy.


The biosorption of Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solution using elephant grass as the biosorbent has been studied. The biosorption study was carried out as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature. The residual Pb(II) in solution were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The FT-IR analysis of elephant grass biomass revealed the presence of bonded OH, -NH stretching, C-H stretching, and C=O stretching of COOH. The study on pH showed that the biosorption was pH dependent as maximum biosorption of Pb(II) was obtained in the range pH 3-5. The biosorption was also time dependent as maximum biosorption was obtained within 30 min of the process. Kinetic studies show that the biosorption of Pb(II) can be described by pseudo- second-order kinetic model. For the metal ions, the biosorption efficiency increased with increase in initial metal ion concentration. The free energy change obtained for the biosorption of Pb(II) at 303K with an initial Pb(II) concentration of 100 mgL -1 was -11.887 kJmol -1 . The entropy change for the biosorption of Pb(II) was 104.84 Jmol -1 K -1


The research focuses on the identification issues of Genocide in The Diary of A Young Girl (1947) novel by Anne Frank. The theory which is used in this research is the sociological approach by Swingewood. The type of this study is used qualitative descriptive. The method of collecting data in this research is the used note-taking technique. This study used two data, namely primary data and secondary data. The Diary of a Young Girl novel by Anne Frank is the primary data source, while books, literary books, websites, articles, bibliography of the author and virtual references that related to issue genocide as secondary data. The research aims to identify, among other things, the genocide during the war of the Holocaust who was depicted in the novel and to reveal the reasons the author raised the issue of the genocide. The result of this study are as follows (1) there are some meanings of the genocide of the war under the leadership of Adolf Hitler, (2) the author depicted issue the genocide in the war under the leadership under of Adolf Hitler, (3) the author addressed the issue of the genocide because the author experienced a true story in her life that the Nazis carried out a genocide to the Jews.

Keywords: Anne Frank, Sociological Approach, Genocide, The Diary of A Young Girl novel


and the next day I was back sitting at my desk, filing cards, sharpening pencils, and smiling at general nuisances. June, 1945Today, I was presented with my Sheepskin and received my A. B. degree. I felt so strange as the members of the class walked past the president for their diplomas. It was like seeing a hundred dreams and fulftlled hopes file past one by one. I saw the parents looking happy and proud. I saw mothers cry because they were happy, and I wanted to cry too; but I could not. I saw fathers strut and boast, and felt warm inside. A great milestone has been turned. Now, we are to set the world aright. What a tremendous task! We, who are swimming in idealism must come down from the clouds and start to shape the world anew. We can build buildings, pave roads, and construct cities; but can we give souls back to bodies? The future is up to us and others like us. (Oh, How I wished Johnny could have been here, today. Please keep him safe.) December, 1949Three years have passed since the War ended, and little did I dream I'd be here at this studio as a woman announcer. Those horrible years seem distant and far away now; yet the years in school seem like yesterday. Strange what memories can do for you. Johnny and I are looking forward to the time when we can have our own television station. It used to be only a mythical dream, especially after Johnny came back from the Navy; but now it seems more like a reality and gives us hope. Johnny is an excellent station director for the rival studio here in the city, so I have to be on my toes to keep up with him. Johnny has adopted the phrase, "Ah, youth I adore thee," as our slogan and byword. As long as we keep young, we will win our goal and keep our dream.


In this work we study the evolution of the interface between two different fluids in a porous media with two different permeabilities. We prove local existence in Sobolev spaces, when the free boundary is given by the discontinuity among the densities and viscosities of the fluids.


The article describes the modern features of the state policy of social protection in the conditions of global transformations. The level and features of social protection of the population in the conditions of globalization are determined. Global problems and contradictions of the state policy of social protection of the population in modern conditions are singled out. The directions of transformation of the state social policy and existing models of social protection of the population in the conditions of globalization are determined.


Background and Aims: The Miocene amber from Chiapas, Mexico, shows high diversity of biological inclusions such as plants, fungi, arthropods, and vertebrates, being one of the most important amber-bearing areas worldwide. The aim of this work is to describe a new record based on four bisexual flowers belonging to the fossil species Podopterus mijangosae, that has been described recently based on its winged fruits only.Methods: The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the four fossil flowers were observed using a binocular stereoscopic microscope. The taxonomic affinity was decided by consulting specialized literature, as well as the review of herbarium material of the genera Podopterus, Fallopia, and Neomillspaughia of Polygonaceae.Key results: The four fossil specimens are bisexual, small, and have actinomorphic flowers, with differentiated perianth, three petals and three sepals per series, stamens are free and with thread-like filaments, anthers are dithecal and basifixed, the ovary is superior, syncarpous, 3-angular, with three free styles, and capitate stigmas. Conclusions: This new report of flowers of Podopterus adds more evidence that the family Polygonaceae was an important component of the tropical forest of Simojovel de Allende, Chiapas, Mexico, during the Miocene.


The Jiamusi-Yitong falut was the western branch of northern extension of Tan-Lu fault,which controlled the distributions of many basins within Jia-Yi graben. The authous found a ductile-brittle shear zone with trend of NNE in Shuiquliu of Shulan area. Combining the microstructure study,the authors consider that the shear zone was consisted of protomylonite-mylonite and displayed sinistral strike-slip shear characteristics. With the measurement of finite-strain determination( Fry measurement),the strain type of the study area was considered to be extension strain. EBSD( electron back scatter diffraction) measurement also indicated the study area had undergone a sinistral strike-slip shear zone and quartz fabrics were mainly low-middle temperature prism-glide fabrics with slip system of { 0001} 110 . To sum up,Shuiquliu shear zone had experienced a sinistral strike-slip shearing in middle-late Early Cretaceous,which was related to moving direction changing from NWW to NNW of the western Pacific Izanagi plate obliquely subducting under the Eurasia plate.


A survey is presented of bonded SOI (BSOI) applications utilizing silicon layers of thickness from 0.1 /spl mu/m to 60 /spl mu/m. Description of the fabrication process and properties of standard BSOI is given. For high voltage applications,the various bonded structures and material issues are described and compared to SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen). New thinning technologies for ultra-thin SOI (<0.1 /spl mu/m) including recently developed method for separation at an implanted plane are briefly discussed.


Induction motors are utilized as a part of numerous modern applications in an extensive variety of working ranges in view of their basic and strong structure, and low manufacturing costs. Giving an insurance framework is imperative in enterprises. The reason for improvement of this project is to provide safety to industrial motors, lift motors, pumps and so on. The principle motivation behind our project is to protect an induction motors from faults, for example, single phasing, overvoltage, over temperature and under voltage. In this project we are utilizing a three stage supply by using three single phase transformers. On the off chance that any of the stages, out of the 3 stages is missing or if temperature of the motor during operation exceeds threshold value or if the voltage exceeds/drops threshold value motor stops immediately. The main relay which is powered through a set of four relays gets disconnected because of one relay not being powered. Furthermore, we are utilizing a microcontroller for identification of these detection and a LCD show to indicate which type of fault is occurred. This paper has a tendency to develop for protection of three phase induction motor from single phasing, phase reversal, overvoltage and under voltage.


"Imaginative Application" (chapter 14) is written by one of Manu's former colleagues, Chris Matthews. This chapter broaches the question, "Is all innovation beneficial?" Matthews explores this question in the context of organizational progress. In addition, figures in this chapter are clearly linked to text and provide the reader with greater understanding of the concepts. "Notes on the Future" (chapter 15) concludes the book. Manu restates one of the quotes from the Graduate to wind things up in this very brief chapter. He suggests that new capabilities and leaders are needed for creating innovation. I would have liked a stronger finish. I think that there is still a communication gap between those who approach creativity from a design background and those who discuss creativity from a business perspective. I had hoped that this book would be a bridge. While there are sections of the book that I liked (and that got me thinking), there were also sections that just made me cranky. It wasn't that I didn't want to work to understand the concepts. I felt that Manu was playing the trickster himself in some way. Maybe if I had understood that he was the trickster from the beginning, I would have approached the book differently. Additionally, the device of the overly short versus the overly concept-rich chapters did not help. I have recently used this book in a graduate-level creativity class. The students communicated to me that they felt Manu used too many terms and was often redundant.


: In this paper, a simple method of manufacturing micrometer-sized polymer elements (microtips) at the extremities of the photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), which are replacing standard optical fibers in many applications due to their unique properties, is presented. The method of microtips fabrication is based on the phenomena of photopolymerization, which is successfully used by the first time, to be best of our knowledge, to manufacture microtip at PCF. The three component photopolymerizable formulation consists of photo-initiating system and multifunctional triacrylate. The photopolymerization is carried out by green laser with the microtip growth controlled by the light exposure parameters (i.e. power and time). Results of microtip fabrication on standard fiber (SMF-28e+) and large mode area PCF (LMA-10) are provided. Theinfluence of the initial process parameters on the final microtip characteristics (i.e., length, diameter and profile) is discussed. The potential applications of such polymer microtips are near-field scanning optical microscopy, coupling light sources with fibers and sensing.


Despite the rareness of the uncontrolled thyroid hypofunction in the pregnant woman, it may bring deleterious effects for the mother and her fetus, mainly when it is manifested. If early detected and adequately treated with levothyroxin, the risks are minimal. The doses to be used are enough to reach a thyrotropin level in accordance with the recommendations for each pregnancy trimester and they will be generally higher than those of the preconception phase. Goiter will be treated under some specific conditions and the same is valid for the postpartum thyroiditis. The patients without thyroid dysfunction, but with high positive antithyroid antibodies, should also be treated.


A dynamic self-adaptive grid data migration method is a dynamic self-adaptive mechanism when the grid data are required to migrate, which is mainly composed of a data migration controller, a target node selector, an index analyzer, a data migration operation kernel, and the like. When the data at a certain node in the grid cannot conform to the data service quality of the current user, or cause the network bandwidth waste, the data at the node are required to migrate at this time, by selecting factors such as the band-width the node reaches, the local management system property of the node, the data access load of the node and the size of the data to be migrated at present, and then preprocessing these factors, using the gene expression programming algorithm idea to dig out the functional relation between the target node and these factors, thereby the selection of the target node can be better executed by the functional relation obtained by digging.


Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. COPD and its complications also lead to a large number of deaths every year in our country. Cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death are the major complications of COPD leading to death and disability. Such cardiac complications are often a result of autonomic dysfunction.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to find out the autonomic dysfunction in moderate COPD patients by comparing their heart rate variability (HRV) parameters with age and sex matched healthy controls.

Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, 48 patients of moderate COPD and 54 healthy subjects were assessed and compared with respect to their HRV parameters which included Mean RR, Mean HR, SDNN, NN50, pNN50, root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), LF/HF ratio, and SD2/SD1 ratio.

Results: It was found that in comparison to healthy controls, patients of moderate COPD had significant alteration in the following HRV parameters – Mean HR (P: 0.001), RMSSD (P: 0.002), SDNN (P: 0.015), NN50 (P: 0.001), pNN50 (P: 0.000), HF (NU/normalized unit) [P: 0.033], HF (%) [P: 0.002], LF (NU/normalized unit) [P: 0.033], LF (%) [P: 0.012], and LF/HF (P: 0.033).

Conclusion: As there is a significant alteration of several HRV parameters in moderate COPD patients, we conclude that HRV measurement may subserve as a simple and non-invasive tool to assess autonomic dysfunction in patients of COPD at the earliest.


The article presents the data on the main components of the Earth rotation non-uniformity and the problems resulting from its predictive model development. The brief analysis of the predictive model developed by the research institute is given here. The achieved results are compared with those of IERS (International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service.


Bachelor thesis focuses on historical motorway from Wroclaw to the Vienna in past and present period. In the thesis is as well solving connection between mentioned motorway and planned high - speed road R43. High - speed road is analysed of possibilities of financing and selecting optimum variants of route. In final phase of this work are characterized costs and benefits, that construction of high - speed road R43 can causes to society.


Although lithic raw material provenience studies in Hungarian archaeology have started in the late 1970s, little attention has been paid to the methods prehistoric people with which acquired these raw materials for tool production. With our palaeoethnological approach, we investigate the relationship between human groups and the world surrounding them, aiming to recognize which environmental factors played a role in their lithic raw material economy and tool production. Prehistoric people weighed a range of such factors against each other when deciding about the utilization of a lithic raw material source. The occurrence-source-archaeological site (OSA) model presented in our article helps to describe the interaction between siliceous rock resources and humans. Any place where stone suitable for knapping can be found is considered to be an occurrence. If the lithic raw material from an occurrence is found in the archaeological material, we call it a source, as it was utilized by humans. All places where remains of human activity are found are usually considered archaeological sites. Siliceous rock occurrences are considered raw material sources with a long history prior to human interaction, travelling from the original bedrock to alluvial deposits, due to the geologic-geomorphologic processes of formation, transformation, and transport. The characteristics, of these occurrences, including location, determine not only the distance of transportation but also the quality and condition of the blocks available. Based on these assumptions our research has two aims: to locate lithic raw material occurrences available for prehistoric people and to recognize their decisions about extraction. For the first one, we mapped occurrences of several siliceous rocks in the region. To reconstruct lithic raw material utilization and preferences, we conducted a techno-economic analysis. We studied two areas and their characteristic lithic raw materials in northern Hungary: limnosilicite from the foothills of the Mátra mountain range (Mátraalja), and Buda hornstone or chert from the Buda Hills.
The utilization of both materials is documented at archaeological sites of several prehistoric periods. Both rocks occur in the study areas at several locations that can be considered prehistoric extraction sites. According to Turq's source area typology, allochthonous sources are not present, but primary and secondary autochthonous as well as sub-allochthonous types have been identified in both areas. However, the exploitation of primary autochthonous limnosilicites could not be demonstrated in the Mátraalja. At the moment, the exploitation of secondary autochthonous and sub-allochthonous sources can be hypothesized for all concerned prehistoric periods.


Results are reported from an experiment on RF pulsed heating of copper at SLAC. Damage in the form of cracks may be induced on the surface after the application of many pulses of RF. The experiment consists of two circularly cylindrical cavities operated in the TE{sub 011} mode at a resonant frequency of 11.424 GHz. Each cavity received 8.5 MW, 1.2 {mu}s pulses at 60 Hz corresponding to a calculated temperature rise of 120 K on the copper surface. After 5.5 10{sup 7} pulses, the experiment was stopped and the copper surfaces were examined. Damage is present on the area of the surface where the maximum heating occurred.


This article presents a new approach to cultural landscapes of water, from the study of environmental contexts surrounding the historical infrastructure of Madrid. All this without forgetting that in the course of the last hundred and fifty years ago, in which once be called "poor Sierra de Madrid" has been shaping a new landscape, which is that of the reservoirs, canals, dams, beacons and siphons , coupled with constructive experienced intense development in the late twentieth century, in addition to increasing citizen compliance requirements planning law and more restrictive policy has simultaneously spurred a new social demands, the integration of landscape of the buildings in the area of Madrid society. Finally, note that the application of landscape integration strategy is a useful tool for the management of cultural landscapes, especially for certain procedures, as with traps, beacons and weirs.


From Ted Williams and Jimmy Piersall to Bill Lee and Manny Ramirez, the Boston Red Sox have had more than their share of world-class quipsters and philosophers. The franchise that has gone from dynasty to dud and back to dynasty has also inspired volumes' worth of comments from pundits and wisecrackers, legends and toffs. Collected here are the best-known, wittiest, pithiest, and most entertaining writings, quotes, and quips relating to the Red Sox, accompanied by a rich collection of historic and modern photographs - a true delight for members of the Red Sox Nation, and for any baseball fan.


This article offers a spatial theory to explain how a centrist third party gains votes via the ideological depolarization of its two main competitors towards the centre ground. Using the cases of British elections in 2001, 2005 and 2010, during which the two main parties, Labour and the Conservatives, were ideologically similar, the article reveals how perceived similarities between these parties led voters to turn to alternative issues and criteria – which benefited the third party, the Liberal Democrats – to decide their vote. Major parties therefore trade a proximity benefit of chasing the median voter against a separation benefit whereby votes can be lost due to voter indifference. The expectations are supported by analyses of vote choices using two measures of indifference, although the incentives do not apply equally in all three elections. The article reveals that indifference is not just relevant to voter abstention, as applied in existing spatial theories, but is also relevant to the basis of the vote choice and to votes for third parties. The implications are important for spatial models of party competition.


Ge:GaAs(001) and GaAs:Ge(001) interfaces and thin films have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and studied in situ by reflection electron diffraction (RHEED), angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and core level photoemission. The film structures have also been examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ge films grown on GaAs(001) substrates have a c(2×2) surface symmetry and are free of extended defects and domain structures. ARPES measurements of Ge(001)‐c(2×2) surfaces in the photon energy range 20–50 eV show the presence of two surface states and dispersing bulk states. Valence bands along the ΓX symmetry direction are derived on the basis of a free‐electronlike final state. The quality of the Ge–GaAs(001) interface however, is determined by the GaAs substrate reconstruction. Ge deposition on an intrinsic (2×4) reconstructed surface produces an abrupt interface, but when a c(4×4) chemisorption phase is used the distribution of arsenic across the interface region is di...


A primary objective of NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project is to adapt and infuse NASA's solar and meteorological data into the energy, agricultural, and architectural industries. Improvements are continuously incorporated when higher resolution and longer-term data inputs become available. Climatological data previously provided via POWER web applications were three-hourly and 1x1 degree latitude/longitude. The NASA Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data set provides higher resolution data products (hourly and 1/2x1/2 degree) covering the entire globe. Currently POWER solar and meteorological data are available for more than 30 years on hourly (meteorological only), daily, monthly and annual time scales. These data may be useful to several renewable energy sectors: solar and wind power generation, agricultural crop modeling, and sustainable buildings. A recent focus has been working with ASHRAE to assess complementing weather station data with MERRA data. ASHRAE building design parameters being investigated include heating/cooling degree days and climate zones.


Context: Many people over the age of 65 receive support from home care providers to enable them to continue to live at home. In the UK, local authorities (England, Wales and Scotland) and Health and Social Care Trusts (Northern Ireland) commission these support services. However, little is known about these arrangements. Objectives: To address this knowledge gap through identifying the lessons from research for commissioners of home care for older people. Method: A scoping review was undertaken to extrapolate the lessons from research for future practice. Searches were conducted in 2016/17 and the analysis was completed 2017/18. Electronic and manual searches of UK literature were undertaken using distinct terms to investigate the people, organisations and processes intrinsic to commissioning home care for older people. Findings: From a total of 1,819 papers and government reports, 22 met the inclusion criteria, indicative of a limited body of knowledge. A variety of research methods and designs were included with mixed methods most frequently used. Four lessons were identified relating to: the marketisation of home care; the future of care at home; promoting integration with local partners in commissioning home care; and areas for future research. Limitations: The focus on research evidence may have meant that potentially interesting insights to inform future commissioning strategies from conceptual articles were omitted from the review. Implications: Understanding the complexities of market management in commissioning home care for older people is still at an early stage of development. This review provides evidence to inform its future development of value to policy makers and practitioners.


All-speed sensorless control method on aviation motor has been investigated in recent years due to the strict operation request of More Electric Aircraft (MEA). Generally, I/F startup strategy and back-EMF based method are combined with a linear current reduction (LCR) switching method to realize all-speed sensorless control on PMSM. Nevertheless, conventional LCR method has bad transition performance under no-load and light-load conditions. Therefore, a linear angel reduction (LAR) switching method is proposed in this paper to smooth the transition process between I/F strategy and SMO algorism. The current in LAR method declines in a specific regulation which causes the angel to reduce in a constant rate. LAR method can be used in speed stationary and speed variation circumstance, furthermore it doesn't need to change parameters along with load variation. Compared to LCR method, LAR method eliminates the angel jumping problem in switching process. Consequently, it not only suppresses the current ripple but also reduces the speed oscillations significantly. Comparison simulation results of LCR method and LAR method are presented to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed switching method.


In this paper, we are interested in simulating a two-dimensional Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) system with different receiver's structures using Multi-Wavelength Optical Orthogonal Code (MWOOC) with parameters (L×F,3,1,1). These structures are Conventional Correlation Receiver (CCR) with and without Hard Limiter (HL) and the Parallel Interference Cancellation (PIC). The performances comparison in term of bit error rate (BER) shows that the PIC receiver is the most efficient receiver against the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) effects than the others receivers.


We have read with great interest the article by Kawamori et al. showing that dysregulated glucagon secretion, with respect to plasma glucose (PG) in patients with type 1 diabetes, persists for a year. The positive correlation between glucagon and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels was also consistently observed after 1 year. Consequently, they suggested constant dysregulation of glucagon is associated with altered amino acid metabolism in type 1 diabetes. However, they did not show the influence of meal ingredients on glucagon. To date, there is no direct evidence on whether amino acid homeostasis is altered in relation to glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes patients. Recently, we examined the relationship among glucagon, BUN, PG and the amount of nutrients in a patient with type 1 diabetes, and found that protein ingestion altered glucagon and BUN levels. The patient was a 16-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes, diagnosed with tyrosine phosphatase-related islet antigen 2 antibodies at 8 years-of-age. Her endogenous insulin secretion was depleted. We measured her glucagon levels using dualantibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay every 2 months for 16 months. We recorded the time of blood collection (3.7 – 0.5 h) and the estimated composition of the last meal. The data on one visit were excluded for analysis, because the sampling time (9 h after meal) was physiologically different. The serial clinical and laboratory data, and contents of the last meal before blood sampling are presented in Table S1 and S2, respectively. She had reduced her carbohydrate intake (and increased protein intake) at her own discretion during this period. Of the laboratory values, glucagon showed a significant, positive correlation with BUN (r = 0.920, P = 0.003; Figure 1a). Even if partial correlation with correction for PG was carried out, a significant positive correlation was observed (r = 0.929, P = 0.007). There was no correlation between glucagon and PG, liver transaminase, glycated hemoglobin, glycoalbumin, creatinine, and lipid values (Table S3). Of the amount or composition of nutrients, the amount of protein showed a tendency for a positive correlation with glucagon (r = 0.714, P = 0.071), and a significant, positive correlation with BUN (r = 0.776, P = 0.040), respectively (Figure 1b,c). There was no correlation between glucagon or BUN and the amount of carbohydrate or lipid, and each nutrient composition (% of total energy; Table S3). Glucagon has important regulatory effects on urea synthesis kinetics, the final step in the catabolism of amino acids, which is enhanced by protein intake. Therefore, our observation indicates that the positive association between glucagon and BUN levels seen in patients with type 1 diabetes in the previous study might have been affected by protein ingestion at least in part. In addition, Kondo-Ando et al. recently showed that a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet by staple change increases postprandial glucagon in type 2 diabetes patients. Similarly, dysregulated glucagon secretion with respect to glucose responds to protein in patients with type 1 diabetes, although it is unknown whether the response is physiologically appropriate. When considering glucagon regulation, attention should be paid to protein intake, even in patients with type 1 diabetes.


In order to study the stability of gliding arc plasma discharge under abnormal conditions, a high air pressure AC rotating gliding arc discharge experimental system was built. The discharge characteristics, arc motion characteristics and spectral characteristics of rotating gliding arc discharge were analyzed under high pressure experimentally. Experiment results show that the voltage, current and energy tend to increase in the gliding arc discharge with the increase of air pressure. As the air pressure rises to 0.52MPa, the discharge energy increases from 84.74J to 147.13J. With the increase of gas pressure, the breakdown frequency of the arc does not change monotonously, but reaches a maximum of 26.55kHz at 0.2MPa, while the emission spectral intensity tends to increase. "Arc channel mutation" occurs in the process of arc motion under high pressure. The electron excitation temperature in the process of gliding arc discharge was calculated by two-line method and the electron excitation temperature of gliding arc discharge is 0.8153eV at atmosphere pressure. The electron excitation temperature rises with the increase of air pressure. The excitation temperature increases to 5.3165eV at the air pressure of 0.4MPa.


The invention provides a full-automatic pipe cutting machine comprising a frame, and a charging device, a feeding device, a cutting device, a measuring device and a control device which are sequentially arranged on the frame horizontally; the cutting device comprises a cutter holder which is arranged on the frame, a plurality of first motors which are lined horizontally along a longitudinal direction and can be arranged on the cutter holder by moving up and down, a first cylinder which is connected with and drives each first motor to move up and down synchronously, a circular saw blade which is arranged on the output shaft of each first motor, a second motor which is in transmission connection with the input shaft of each first motor through a first transmission mechanism, and a bearing piece which is arranged on the tool rest below each circular saw blade and is used for bearing a pipe at a cut part; and the measuring device comprises a guide rail which is horizontally arranged on the frame, a slide frame which is movably arranged on the guide rail, a driving mechanism which is connected with and drives the slide frame to move along the guide rail, a pipe baffle which is arranged on the slide frame and a first pipe clamping mechanism which is horizontally arranged on the slide frame along the longitudinal direction. According to the full-automatic pipe cutting machine, more than one pipe can be cut at one time, and the machine has the advantages of high cutting efficiency, good cutting quality and the like.


Intelligent decision support aims at providing decision makers with tools that posses features usually associated with intelligent behaviour such as learning, reasoning, and uncertainty management. The paper describes a hybrid framework for this kind of intelligent DSS. In this framework neural networks and rough sets are integrated into a hybrid system and used cooperatively during the system lifecycle. The framework was applied in the building of a decision support system for issuing smog alerts in Melbourne. The data in the smog event forecasting database is noisy, imprecise, and often contradictory. Rough sets and neural networks were chosen for this application because they can discover patterns in ambiguous and imperfect data and provide tools for data and pattern analysis. The significance of the input features of the existing forecasting database was analysed using rough sets and subsequently predictive models based on these features were built and tested.


The article presents a historical overview of the gender psychology development as a science, shows preconditions of its origin. The authors consider five basic stages of the gender psychology development from antiquity to the modern period, names the key figures in the development of this field of psychology. Their work on the study of man-woman relations is described.


Purpose

This paper aims to present a detailed investigation on the parameter estimation of a photovoltaic (PV) module by using a simplified two-diode model.

Design/methodology/approach

The studied PV module in this paper resembles an ideal two-diode model, and to reduce the computational time, the proposed model has a photocurrent source and two ideal-diodes and neglects the series and shunt resistances. Hence, for calculating the unknown parameters, only four parameters are required from the datasheet. Moreover, the studied model is simple and uses an easy modeling approach which is free from complexities.

Findings

The performance of the PV module is analyzed under non-standard test conditions by considering partial shading at different shaded levels, and it is found that the model has less computational time and gives accurate results.

Originality/value

The usefulness of this PV model is demonstrated with the help of several illustrative figures, and the performance of the PV module is evaluated.


As polysaccharides in lignocellulosic materials are encrusted with aromatic lignin molecules and have high crystallinity, these require pretreatment to improve their digestability by cellulolytic enzymes. Though a number of pretreatment methods have been proposed, the steam explosion process is evaluated as a promising method. This study was performed to investigate the effect of delignification treatment by alkali, methanol and the others on the enzymatic hydrolysis. Delignification treatment resulted in great increase rate in enzymatic hydrolysis. Concerning to the effect of delignication reagents on the enzymatic hydrolysis, methanol treatment was more effective than alkali in the case of oak wood. In pine wood, the delignification did not showed any significant enhancement of hydrolysis rate. Complete delignification by Alkali-Oxygen. Alkali treatment showed high saccharification rate of 99.5%.


We analyze two algorithms for the k-exclusion problem on the asynchronous multi-writer/reader shared memory model and show their correctness. The first algorithm is a natural extension of the n-process algorithm by Peterson for the mutual exclusion algorithm to the k-exclusion problem, and the second algorithm is a combination of the first algorithm and the tournament algorithm by Peterson and Fischer for the mutual exclusion problem. These two algorithms satisfy k-exclusion, and can tolerate up to k-1 process failures of the stopping type. The running times by the first algorithm and by the second algorithm are bounded by (n-k)c+O(n(n-k)2)l and (n/k)kc+O((n/k)k+1k)l, respectively, even if there exist at most k-1 process failures of the stopping type, where n is the number of processes, l is an upper bound on the time between successive two atomic steps for any faultless process, and c is an upper bound on the time that any user spends in the critical region.


In light of the sure protection function, the most important factors of a varistor are the clamping voltage ratio and degradation characteristics. The degradation characteristics of Pr/Co/Cr/Er co-doped zinc oxide varistors were investigated by impulse currents (0.4~2.1 kA) stress for the specified content of (0.5 and 2.0 mol%). The varistor doped with 2.0 mol% exhibited the best clamp characteristics, with the clamp voltage ratio (K) in the range of K


China's economy is in the process of transforming the development mode, optimizing the economic structure, and transforming the growth momentum. New technologies and new concepts guide the transformation and upgrading of the logistics industry structure, thereby promoting the change of logistics talent demand, logistics expertise for logistics talents, Renewed, higher and more comprehensive requirements are proposed in terms of capabilities and overall quality. Therefore, we focus on the training objectives of talents and the orientation of "demand training" to build a scientific and rational logistics management application innovative talent training model, and innovatively put forward the practical teaching system of logistics management based on "LRCI". "LRCI" refers to a new model of logistics management professional application talents that integrates the "learning (L)-research (R)-competition (C)-innovation (I)" formed by the combination of engineering and learning.


Technology integration is an important skill that teachers need to acquire to deepen students' learning and support achievement of instructional objectives. Selecting the best technology tool can be challenging however, teachers face more difficulties to effectively integrate technology into their classrooms. Providing one-time workshops is ineffective as it is based on the idea that the only challenge facing teachers is the lack of knowledge of effective teaching practices. This paper presents a case study of a professional training program that was planned and implemented as an initiative to meet the national reform and improvement goals and enhance teachers' performance and practices. The Smart Teachers 2030 initiative was planned to encourage teachers' integration of innovative instructional strategies using technology by educating and supporting them to substitute traditional educational strategies with a variety of Web 2.0 tools and applications. INTRODUCTION Teachers' professional development programs are critical to sharpen their knowledge, skills, attitudes, and selfefficacy for transformative practice. These programs are one of the most important investments of time and money national leaders can make in education. Technology integration is an important skill that teachers need to acquire to deepen students' learning and support achievement of instructional objectives. Selecting the best technology tool can be challenging however, teachers face more difficulties to effectively integrate technology into their classrooms. Providing one-time workshops is ineffective as it is based on the idea that the only challenge facing teachers is the lack of knowledge of effective teaching practices (Richard & Neil, 2011). Research shows that teachers' greatest challenge comes when they attempt to implement newly learned methods into their classrooms (Fullan,2001). Fullan, (2001, p. 71) referred to this problem as the "implementation dip." This is particularly true in teachers' professional development programs in Saudi Arabia because they are normally planned to provide teachers with knowledge without implementation skills or strategies (Buteal, 2009; Meemar, 2007). Such programs provide teachers with new information on specific skills but fail to provide application approaches. Moreover, current training programs are not planned to provide teachers with continuous and just-in-time support as they implement technology into their classrooms. Thus, reform is needed for effective professional development in typical Saudi classrooms. With the ubiquity of technology in today's interconnected world, it is imperative for teachers to exploit technology to optimize student learning. Teachers must be knowledgeable of the interrelated aspects of teaching, technology, and learning to support positive pedagogical outcomes (Koehler, Mishra , Kereluik, Shin, & Graham, 2014). The problem is that current teachers' development plans to support teachers' integration of technology into their instruction have not resulted in the effective transformation of instructional practices to adopt technology as part of the teaching and learning processes (Laferriére, Lamon, & Chan, 2006). Professional development plans should be planned and applied to enhance instruction and ensure all students are afforded the opportunity to learn effectively using technology as it is considered as key in high quality education (Ertmer & OttenbreitLeftwich, 2010). This study discusses a case study of an iteration during professional development plan that aims to move teachers toward meaningful technology integration using SAMR model through ample, structured, and focused time for professional learning to develop teachers' attitudes, self-efficacy, knowledge, and skills for transformative practice using technology. LITERATURE REVIEW Professional development frameworks. Herold (2015) discusses that while technological tools and applications are widely spread in today's classrooms, there is a growing evidence that teachers have not transformed their teaching methods. The technology use is planned for students to perform traditional tasks as completing homework and drill and practice (Ertmer & Ottenbreit-Leftwich, 2010). Several frameworks for moving teachers toward more learner-centered levels of technology integration in the classroom are evident in the literature. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), the Substitution Augmentation TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – July 2019, volume 18 issue 3


Recent measurements of trace metals in sediment pore waters at high spatial resolution have revealed significant horizontal and vertical heterogeneity on a submillimeter scale. These measurements are consistent with remobilization occurring from a three-dimensional (3D) stochastic distribution of small "microniche sources". However, early diagenetic processes are conventionally described in 1D terms. Application of 1D reaction-transport models to 3D systems will result in biased estimates of process rates. For the same intrinsic rates of supply and removal, maxima in concentration-depth profiles in 3D systems are likely to be lower, and concentration profile gradients higher, than in 1D systems. The simple examples considered suggest that process rate estimates may be in error by a factor of 5 when a 1D model is used. A simple 3D numerical model of trace metal remobilization in pore waters was used to demonstrate how the structure of high-resolution trace metal profiles can be reproduced using a stochastic distribution of microniche sources. Heterogeneity depends on the scale considered and is more marked when measurements are made at high resolution. Heterogeneity is increased by slow transport, fast sinks, and widely separated sources. As the degree of heterogeneity between and within concentration-depth profiles increases, the estimates of process rates obtained from 1D models become less accurate.


Copper indium sulfide (CuInS2) nanocrystals (NCs) are nontoxic and cost-effective, making them attractive for use in highly efficient solar cells. However, direct observations of the photoinduced carrier dynamics of CuInS2 NCs to examine the relationship between carrier dynamics and structural parameters with the aim of optimizing NC properties for specific applications are limited. Here, we synthesized nearly stoichiometric oleylamine-protected CuInS2 NCs using two convenient one-pot methods to produce CuInS2 nanoparticles and nanodisks. Transient absorption measurements using femtosecond laser flash photolysis revealed that the use of oleylamine as a protecting ligand leads to the formation of vacancy-doped NCs. The rapid decay of the photogenerated excitons in the oleylamine-protected NCs was not sensitive to the crystal structure or shape of NCs, and could be explained by defect trapping and energy transfer to the hole-based localized surface plasmon resonance in the oleylamine-protected NCs. Our resu...


This paper describes a new principle of charged-particle identification by plastic track detectors. We find that the rate of chemical etching (by a suitable reagent) along the track of a heavy ion in a plastic depends only on the primary ionization rate, which, as the particle slows down, increases at a rate that depends uniquely on atomic number $Z$ and mass $A$. To identify the $Z$, $A$, and energy of a particle we can either measure the etching rate at a known residual range [by analogy with a $(\frac{\mathrm{dE}}{\mathrm{dx}})\ensuremath{-}E$ detector] or measure the etching rate at two known points along the trajectory in a stack of plastics. We present experimental data for ${\mathrm{B}}^{10}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}$, ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$, ${\mathrm{N}}^{14}$, and ${\mathrm{O}}^{16}$ ions from the Yale accelerator, showing that masses differing by 9% can be resolved. Unique features of this method are its discrimination against intense background radiation and its combination of high resolution with large collecting area, which make it feasible to do certain cosmic-ray experiments, such as the detection of ${\mathrm{Be}}^{10}$ nuclei.


The energy efficiency in ICT is becoming a grand technological challenge and is now a first-class design constraint in all computing settings. Energy predictive modelling based on performance monitoring counters (PMCs) is the leading method for application-level energy optimization. However, a sound theoretical framework to understand the fundamental significance of the PMCs to the energy consumption and the causes of the inaccuracy of the models is lacking. In this work, we propose a small but insightful theory of energy predictive models of computing, which formalizes both the assumptions behind the existing PMC-based energy predictive models and properties, heretofore unconsidered, that are basic implications of the universal energy conservation law. The theory's basic practical implications include selection criteria for model variables, model intercept, and model coefficients. The experiments on two modern Intel multicore servers show that applying the proposed selection criteria improves the prediction accuracy of state-of-the-art linear regression models from 31.2% to 18%. Finally, we demonstrate that employing energy models constructed using the proposed theory for energy optimization can save a significant amount of energy (up to 80% for applications used in experiments) compared to state-of-the-art energy measurement tools.


A novel digital functional test system architecture, called Sequencer Per Pin in which the timing and waveform generation hardware work with a sequence of events in the same manner as an IC timing/logic simulator, is presented. This architecture implements tests as sequences of events for each pin, synchronized by global period markers. This makes it possible to perform complex tests on VLSI integrated circuits without requiring extensive program development and debugging efforts. The architecture is more flexible than previous designs, permitting more precise implementation of simulation data with fewer restrictions. The event sequence concept allows significant reduction in test pattern storage requirements and optimizes this feature even further by permitting run-time assignment of pin data, avoiding duplications of test patterns and test programs for different package configurations.<<ETX>>


Objective To summarize the experience of operation treatment of severe mitral stenosis associated with small left ventricle.Methods The clinical data of 115 patients with severe mitral stenosis received mitral valve replacement (MVR) were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether associated with small left ventricle,they were divided into small left ventricle group (61 cases) and non-small left ventricle group (54 cases).The postoperative early complication rate and mortality rate between two groups were compared.Results The postoperative early complication rate and mortality rate in small left ventricle group was higher than that in non-small left ventricle group [14.75% (9/61) vs.7.41% (4/54),55.74% (34/61) vs.25.93%(14/54)],there was significant difference(P < 0.05).Conclusions The positive and effective perioperative management and correct intraoperative decision is key to reduce the incidence of early postoperative complications and mortality after MVR surgical in patients with severe mitral stenosis associated with small left ventricle.

Key words:
Mitral valve stenosis;  Surgical procedures,operative;  Small left ventricle;  Mitral valve replacements


This doctoral thesis discusses the limits and
 possibilities for developing a new legislative-regulatory policy in Brazil,
 understood as a public policy whose purpose is to improve the process of
 drafting legislation and regulation and to increase the quality of rules. It
 considers the difficulties of the legislative- regulatory policy in force in
 Brazil, mostly at the federal level, and suggests alternatives for its
 enhancement.


Accepting that oxygen, rather than gigantic gems or gold, is likely to make the Moon's Klondike, the extraction of oxygen from the lunar soil by molten silicate electrolysis has chosen to be investigated. Process theory and proposed lunar factory are addressed.


A new family of proton-conducting fluorocopolymers grafted by azole functions (imidazole, benzimidazole, 1H-1,2,4-triazole) was synthesized through grafting poly(2-iodoethyl vinyl ether-alt-chlorotrifluoroethylene) copolymers by commercially available 4(5)-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole or 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. Imidazole, benzimidazole, and 1,2,4-triazole-functionalized copolymers were characterized by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy and by thermal analyses (DSC and TGA), and were used in the preparation of blend membranes with sulfonated PEEK (s-PEEK). Properties of the three series of membranes were comprehensively investigated to understand the influence of the nature of the azole group (imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole) on membrane microstructure, thermal properties and water uptake. Proton conductivities of blend membranes comprising a fluorinated polymer component functionalized with triazole is significantly higher than those with imidazole or benzimidazole moieties, and detaile...


Mental training is important part in modern sport competition.It is the main method to win the victory.This paper makes analysis on four aspects of reason and route overcoming it from the mental analysis of athlete of competition phase and several mal-psychology conditions.The main purpose is to discover the mental training system of athlete's competition phase.


This article analyzes how Lazarus Bendavid and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, in their 1793 texts, presented similar fantasies of integrating Jews into the state by decapitating Jewish heads. Such fantasies reached back to the Kantian foundation of each philosopher's conception of humanity and morality. Approaching the question of extending civil rights to Jews from the standpoint of the normative Kantian moral subject, both Bendavid and Fichte came to the conclusion that the only way to accommodate Jews into the civil sphere was through the paradoxical and gruesome means of (symbolic) decapitation. Because it dramatically exemplifies possible dangers in Kantian moral universalism, Bendavid's peripheral and aberrant contribution to the celebrated corpus of Jewish Kantian philosophy can productively complicate how that tradition understood itself and how we continue to see it.


Objectives: To know the assistance provided in Primary Care by the health team to people with physical and audiovisual disabilities. Methodology: Descriptive study with qualitative approach, through interviews with 20 primary care professionals. The data, after collected, were transcribed in appropriate software (IRAMUTEQ). Results: From the analysis of the results emerged four categories that were discussed: The reception of primary care to people with disabilities; The focus of care for people with disabilities; Difficulties of professionals in caring for people with disabilities; Care in primary care for people with disabilities: opinion of professionals. Final considerations: It is understood that in the assistance provided to people with disabilities in the scope of primary care, a professional qualification is necessary to better serve this clientele. The workers showed insecurity and lack of aptitude when interacting with the disability situation, especially in the communicative aspect with the deaf population. Although public policies reach people with disabilities, it is still an unknown field for primary care professionals interviewed.


Married women who work face various challenges in managing both sides of the world. Performing both tasks demand high degree of commitment and the responsibilities that need to be performed may vary across family life cycle. Success in one domain may influence the other. This study examined the relationships between personal factors, job satisfaction and marital quality among respondents from different stages of family life cycle. Participants were 235 married working women from four districts in Selangor, whose husbands residing together with them at the time of the study. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The results indicate that there are significant differences in marital quality and job satisfaction between the different stages of life cycle. Women who have more children, older, and have long-term marriage reported lower marital quality. It is also noted that higher educated women tend to have high marital quality while increased in job satisfaction would ensure a better quality marriage among the respondents. Future studies need to consider using longitudinal data to fully understand the impact of job satisfaction on marital quality across the life cycle.


We analyze the convergence of a mixed finite element method for the elliptic MongeAmpère equation in dimensions 2 and 3. The unknowns in the formulation, the scalar variable and a discrete Hessian, are approximated by Lagrange finite element spaces. The method originally proposed by Lakkis and Pryer can be viewed as the formal limit of a Hermann-Miyoshi mixed method proposed by Feng and Neilan in the context of the vanishing moment methodology. Error estimates are derived under the assumption that the continuous problem has a smooth solution.


primarily, for war and, secondarily, for all Britain's colonies from penal settlements in Australia to the rum-producing West Indies, who is disguised as "the Canadian colonial secretary" on page 1447 (Or is it Sir John Sherbrooke, the governorgeneral of Canada?) A number of our other old friends are strangely disguised by Mrs. Campbell's spelling--Corrie or Curry (to give A. S. Morton's alternatives) becomes Corey; Umfreville's already rather strange name is made stranger by the substitution of "ph" for "f". Though the authoress has wisely turned to Mrs. M. A. MacLeod for assistance, the nephew and husband of Letitia Hargrave both appear as Hargraves. Again, the reader who is led by Mrs. Campbell's reference to "huge Norsemen transports" (p. 85) to expect to see aircraft rivalling B29s will be sadly disillusioned by the single-engined reality. Our criticisms will make it clear that this book contains any number of errors that will jar the professional historian to whose hands it comes, and it is proper for the CANADIAN HISTORICAL REVIEW to take note of its faults. Yet to judge it strictly by professional standards would be unfair. It is intended not for the professional, but for the general reader. It is desirable that what the general reader is told should be accurate, but other qualities are also required. A book must interest him; it must give him the bigger and more important facts, and not get him lost in detail. By and large, it was this reviewer's feeling that the general Northern American reader owes a real debt of gratitude to Mrs. Campbell for a lively and readable book, and that a large portion of Canada has been on the whole by no means ill-interpreted to the great southern public which is in general singularly ignorant of things Canadian. RICHARD GLOVER The University of Manitoba.


This article describes in detail the indications for this radical procedure involving permanent removal of the toenail. A discussion of the surgical technique, including illustrations, is presented. Rationalization of the Distal Digital Symes Procedure is supported.


The assessment of surface water salinity is a long standing feature request for water quality assessment by remote sensing. The aim of the present work is to test an empirical method for surface water salinity retrieval by means of multispectral satellite images at medium resolution (30 m). For this purpose, two case studies were selected: the first is Lake Qarun (Egypt), the second is an on-shore tract of central Adriatic Sea, located between the mouths of Tronto and Salinello Rivers (Italy). For the experimentation ALI (Advanced Land Imager) and Landsat ETM imagery was collected. Field data were acquired at both sites by means of in situ conductivity measurements, for calibration purpose. The model applied to convert atmospherically corrected reflectance value in practical salinity units (PSU) has been developed analysing the correlation between field data and an expressly defined salinity index. First results show a promising overall correlation (R2 = 0.85), even if further work is required to provide a better validation.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of water stress on morphological, seed yield and quality traits of sunflower cms analogues. The material comprised nine cms analogues having different cytoplasmic background namely CMS-XA (Unknown), E002-91, PKUZ-A, ARG-2A (H. argophyllus), ARG-3A (H. argophyllus), ARG-6A (H. argophyllus), DV-10A (H. debilis ssp vestitus), PHIR-27A (H. praecox ssp hirtus) and PRUN-29A (H. praecox ssp runyonii) with a common maintainer line (NC-41B). The material was grown during spring season 2011 and 2012 in randomized block design with three replications in a plot size of 4.5 m. × 0.6m. To create water stress environment the irrigation was stopped after the anthesis was complete. The data were recorded on different morphological, seed yield and quality traits. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for all the traits over the years. The cms analogues CMS-XA (37.48g), E002-91(32.07g), ARG-3A (32.17g), PHIR-27A (34.03g) and PRUN-29A (30.42g) were observed to be significantly higher yielder than that of NC-41B (23.53g). This suggested that these sources might be exploited to develop water use efficient cms lines suitable for developing hybrids for growing under water stress conditions.


Abstract In 1995 and 1996, a mandatory catch-and-release fishery for paddlefish was conducted 2d/week during the 6-week paddlefish snagging season at the Intake fishing site on the lower Yellowstone River, Montana. The fishery was monitored by trained fisheries personnel to ensure compliance and to obtain information on hooking mortality and angler attitudes. In 1995, snaggers expended 838 angler-hours and caught and released 420 fish, or 0.5 fish/h. In all, 96 fish snagged, tagged, and released in 1995 were recaptured and either creeled or re-released in 1995 or 1996. Sixty-four (15.6%) of the fish inspected had one or more bleeding wounds beyond the hook puncture resulting from the snagging event. Some fish also had old wounds (4.7%) and arcshaped scars, the latter probably caused by boat propellers. In 1996, snaggers expended 589 angler-hours and caught and released 127 fish, or 0.2 fish/h. Twenty-one fish tagged during catch and release in 1996 were recaptured at Intake in 1996; 19 were creeled and 2 ...


The textile industry presents well succeed examples of enzyme applications on the processing of natural fibres. The design of hybrid enzymes mimics the strategies that Nature uses to evolve and it is a powerful tool in biotechnology. The production and application of the cutinase fused to carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) has provided strong evidences of being an interesting strategy to pursuit. The CBMs act synergistically with the catalytic domains by increasing the effective enzyme concentration at the substrate surface and, for some CBMs, by physical disruption of the solid substrate. Future work is needed to improve the recombinant production of modular cutinases and to study in detail their affinities toward the cellulose substrates.


Few fields of historical writing in the United States have attracted more attention and more talented young scholars in recent years than the study of labour and the working class. Since about 1970, an avalanche of new books has tumbled forth, the finished products of scores of dissertations on unions, protests, and working-class communities. The 'new' labour history clearly became one of the most up-to-date, if not simply stylish, concerns of the historical profession in the United States. Several major journals, not just the subdiscipline's own Labor history, lavished attention on it. Most of the leading history departments took on a labour historian. Its latest works often won the profession's highest awards. By 1980, labour history rivaled black and women's history as the dominant principality in the kingdom of social history in America, overshadowing the older concerns for immigration, ethnicity, urbanization, and social mobility. Political history, of course, had taken a distinctly secondary position among


BaO–Ga2O3–P2O5 glasses containing small concentrations of CuO (ranging from 0 to 0.4 mol%) were prepared. A number of studies, i.e. differential scanning calorimetry, infrared, optical absorption and ESR spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and dielectric properties (constant (ε ′), loss (tan δ ), ac conductivity (σ ac) over a range of frequency and temperature), of these glasses were carried out. The analysis of the results indicates an increasing stability of the glass network when the concentration of CuO is greater than 0.2 mol% in the glass matrix. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Objective To investigate the calcification of thyroid nodule detected on ultrasound and the relation with benign and malignant disease.Methods Data of 107 cases of malignant and 703 cases of benign(thyroid) nodules examined by high-resolution colored ultrasonography preoperatively and pathological diagnosis by paraffin embedded slides postoperatively were collected from our hospital over a period of 3 years.The(percentages) of calcification and fine stippled psammomatous(FSP) calcification in benign and malignant(nodular) disease,in different sexes and different age groups were retrospectively reviewed.Results The(incidences) of calcification and FSP calcification were significantly higher in malignant group(63.55%,(29.02%),respectively) than in benign group(P0.001).There was no(significant) difference between male and female groups(24.3%,1.99%,respectively)(P0.05).Calcification rate showed no(significant) difference between different age groups(45 and ≥45)(P0.05);however,there was a significant difference of the FSP calcification rate between different age groups(P0.001).The sensitivity of(malignancy) diagnosis was significantly higher in the group of patients younger than 45 years of age with FSP calcification of thyroid nodule.Conclusions When calcification is noted on ultrasonography,it should raise the clinical index of suspicion for malignancy.FSP Calcification is a very highly specific in prediction of(thyroid) malignancy.


Hollow metallic capsules are of great interest given the large specific surface area and optical, electrical, and catalytic properties. To expand the possibilities of application and research of in...


Objectives To discuss the influence factors of centenarian longevity through health assessment and chronic diseases research in Zhongxiang,Hubei Province,where is known as longevity township in China.Methods Questionnaire investigation,physical examination were conducted on centenarians in Zhongxiang from January 2013 to January 2014.The questionnaire was designed based on "Standard of health of the elderly in China(2013)".The peripheral blood tests were conducted to examine the blood routine,liver and kidney function,blood lipids and blood glucose.Four towns were selected randomly,and 10 centenarians were visited validly.The results including questionnaire,physical examination,laboratory tests and spectrum of disease were analyzed and evaluated.Results The ten centenarians aged between 100-110,and the average age was 103.There were four men and six women,nine Farmers and a retired teacher.Eight people showed in medium nutrition condition,and 1in good condition and 1in poor condition.Four people were in normal cognitive function,and 6people existed different levels of cognitive dysfunction,without dementia.Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS)scores of the 10 cases were all below 15 points,and there was no geriatric depression.The minimum of Activities Of Daily Living(ADL)score was 36,the maximum was 87,and the average was 72,which showed the daily life activity ability of the 10 centenarians decreased to different degrees.The major diseases for centenarian were hyperlipidemia(80%),high blood pressure(60%),bronchitis(30%),cataract(20%),and coronary heart disease,bronchial asthma,renal insufficiency,PD,thrombocytopenia and neck mass account for 10%,respectively.Different degrees of deafness,decreased vision and missing teeth generally existed among the centenarians.Conclusions Centenarians are mostly living in the countryside,with humble living conditions,low degree of culture,but their patterns of life were regular and their subjective well-being were strong.Age-related changes in vital organs do not cause dysfunction,no significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases disabled them and there is no senile dementia.All the centenarians live a long life with 1to 3kinds of chronic diseases and comparatively in a health condition.


The Arab world has stumped observers in recent decades with its apparent resistance to democratisation. Despite a proliferation of electoral procedures, constitutional reforms and democratic discourses, the reality for many countries has been a retreat into authoritarian modes of rule. Nowhere has this been more true than in Tunisia. For many years hailed as the most progressive, outward-looking and moderate Arab state, since the 1990s it has become a security state par excellence. Yet Tunisia's apparent dedication to a liberalising economic agenda might suggest, at least for transition theorists, that the dynamics for political reform should be evolving. Alternatively, one could interpret the regime's resistance to a liberal restructuring of political arrangements as the result of its prioritisation of political stability in order to support the economic reforms, and one could even go so far as to argue that this has been why Tunisia's structural adjustment has been a relative regional success. This article assesses the role of the state in the economic reform process and the relative impact of its authoritarian credentials through an examination of one particular area of policy. The program de mise à niveau (industrial upgrading programme, or PMN) has been the flagship of Tunisian structural reform since the early 1990s. Through it, the regime has sought to transfer the burden of export-income generation to the private sector in a manner that is sustainable and based on diverse, internationally competitive production. The article engages with two key debates for the political economy of developing countries: the linkage between economic liberalisation and political transition; and whether the political character of the state dictates performance when it assumes an interventionist role.


Positron emission tomography (PET) differs fundamentally from computerised tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in that it is a method for measuring function as opposed to structure. It is the most powerful tool available for the measurement of in-vivo brain function. This review describes the basic principles of the technique and its application to the study of brain metabolism in neurological and psychiatric disorder. The development of resting-state metabolic studies by the application of specific activation paradigms, a major current focus of the technique, is discussed.


Cyclohexene was sythesized with strong acid polystyrene cation exchange resin as catalyst.This method could prevent the environmental polution caused by concentrated sulphuric acid and concentrated phosphoric acid as catalyst.It also has high yield and the catalyst can be used repeatedly.


Diamagnetic susceptibility χDIA of single carbonaceous grains were detected by observing their translations induced by field-gradient force in an area of microgravity. Using the above method, χDIA of a small carbonaceous particle is obtained with no interfering signal of the sample holder; it is unnecessary to know the mass of sample. The χDIA values of various materials obtained by the above method agreed fairly well with their published values. By comparing the obtained χDIA value with a list of published values, the material of an unidentified organic grain can be determined without consuming the sample. The principle of magnetic transition is applicable to investigate the magnetic properties of nano-size carbonaceous materials.


[1] Continuous lidar measurements of elevated plume dispersion and corresponding micrometeorology data are analyzed to establish the relationship between plume behavior and nocturnal boundary layer dynamics. Contrasting nights of data from the JORNADA field campaign in the New Mexico desert are analyzed. The aerosol lidar measurements were used to separate the plume diffusion (plume spread) from plume meander (displacement). Mutiresolution decomposition was used to separate the turbulence scale ( 90 s). Durations of turbulent kinetic energy stationarity and the wind steadiness were used to characterize the local scale and submesoscale turbulence. Plume meander, driven by submesoscale wind motions, was responsible for most of the total horizontal plume dispersion in weak and variable winds and strong stability. This proportion was reduced in high winds (i.e., >4 m s−1), weakly stable conditions but remained the dominant dispersion mechanism. The remainder of the plume dispersion in all cases was accounted for by internal spread of the plume, which is a small eddy diffusion process driven by turbulence. Turbulence stationarity and the wind steadiness are demonstrated to be closely related to plume diffusion and plume meander, respectively.


In this paper I presented the most important orientations in the field of state aids granted for the production of renewable energy in the European Union for the 2014-2020 period. Given that the "Europe 2020 Strategy" is based on the creation of the conditions required for an intelligent, sustainable and inclusive growth, a number of main objectives were set, including for climate change and for the sustainable use of energy. Among these objectives, we would like to mention the increase to 20% of the share of renewable energy consumed in the European Union. On 22 January 2014, in a communication, the European Commission proposed that the energy and climate objectives be achieved by 2030, among which a mandatory objective at the EU level for the renewable energy of at least 27 %.


Abstract This paper is based on the evaluation index system of the development level of the R&D industry. The method of principal component analysis is applied to evaluate the development level of the R&D industry in all Chinese provinces and to analyze the results based on the principal components. The Chinese provinces are divided into four areas, namely rapid development area, steady development area, slow development area, and underdeveloped area. The variation trends of the development of the R&D industry in the four regions are analyzed. Accordingly, a number of policy recommendations are proposed in order to improve the overall level of the R&D industry in China.


The COFDM (coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) modulation scheme is effective for digital transmission under multipath fading conditions. A digital 800 MHz FPU (field pick-up unit) that uses COFDM technology has been developed to enable stable live-TV transmission from moving vehicles. In the experimental COFDM-FPU, compressed digital video/audio data are distributed to 572 carriers within the 9 MHz bandwidth, using the DQPSK (differential quadrature phase shift keying) modulation scheme for each carrier. Field trials have been carried out for comparison with a conventional analogue FM-FPU. The COFDM digital FPU maintains video signal stability even under severe multipath fading conditions, when pictures of the conventional PM-FPU are seriously degraded. This paper describes the first application of the COFDM modulation scheme to the digital FPU that transmits digital signals from a mobile source. It also introduces the main features of this experimental equipment together with the results of the transmission experiments.


Since ancient times and in all civilizations men sh are with their ancestrals the desire to know details of their origin. The need to immerse in the early days of its existence, born with the first mental reflection lights, is so powerful that sprea ds over different areas of scientific knowledge. One of the great enigmas of the human sp ecies refers to the origin of its symbolic oral language. This essay e discusses some of the main findings of etymologi c and cognitive neuropsychology studies in order to track the first stages of a probable origin of sound language in men. Based on cognitive neuropsychology theories, we track back the moment when the human language was only a set of gestures and shared sounds and the "motor accident" that had instantiated the conscious oral communication in men. The etymological search of an ancient Indo-European root, the eis ha s explicited the primordial motor sense of countless modern words. Considered by etymologists, due to this breadth and complexity, one of the most extensive and ancient linguistic roots , the " eis" represents the driving force that


The central question of macroevolution concerns the evolution of major morphological innovations (and major taxonomic groups). It is a matter of scale rather than simply rate of evolution or hierarchical level of mechanism. Through the history of microevolutionary theory there is a constant counterpoint of macroevolutionary questioning: are current versions of microevolution sufficient to explain the data concerning origins of major novelties? Thus, Simpson proposed the term "megaevolution" and "quantum evolution." Mayr partially separated micro- and gradual aspects by proposing "genetic revolution" as a mechanism for rapid change. Evolutionary theory in general suffers because different concepts have incompatible frames of reference. Key innovation and correlated progression are concepts that approach the problem in terms of evolutionary morphology. They have in common with quantum evolution and genetic revolution features such as threshold effect, preadaptation and smooth transition due to change in function and environment. One aspect of paleontology and morphology, however, is to show that some morphologies can only exist in binary states, with no intermediates. This leads us to look away from selection on graded series of phenotypes to development (developmental cascade/threshold models) for new levels of explanation.


As the world is urbanizing, the usage of vehicles is exponentially increasing day by day and the availability of parking is becoming more difficult. The insufficient space for parking is resulting in traffic problems and chaos in public areas. The common method of finding a space for parking is manual system where driver would go around in search of vacant space for parking the vehicle. This takes time and effort and failing in finding a parking in the worst case. To overcome the problems caused by manual parking this paper proposes a system based on Internet of Things (IoT) technology which lessens the effort of the people in finding the parking by identifying the free slots in parking area and keeping the record of vehicles parked. The smart parking system allows user to book a parking lot prior to the parking and the notification about the slot booked is sent to the user and the system has an automated payment system where the bill amount is directly deducted from the user's account.


In recent years, several theorists have defended a form of neutrality that seeks to equalise the benefits that state policies bestow upon citizens' conceptions of the good life. For example, when state policies confer special benefits upon a conception that revolves around a particular culture, religion or type of sports, other cultures, religions or types of sports might be due compensation. This article argues that this kind of neutrality – which I refer to as 'hands-on neutrality' – cannot be vindicated, whether it takes a resourcist form or welfarist form. After explaining why states cannot simply avoid bestowing unequal advantages upon citizens' conceptions of the good life, I identify several versions of hands-on neutrality and show that all of them fail to respect the moral equality of citizens. (In so doing, however, I do find that a different form of neutrality is appropriately applied under a more limited set of conditions, which is lottery-based.) I conclude by showing that in cases where theories of hands-on neutrality have intuitive force, more plausible rival principles can account for our intuitions.


This research aims to determine effect the quality of fiscus fiscus and tax sanction on tax compliance. The sample of this research is a taxpayer who is registered in KPP Pratama of Padang Satu who pays PPh and PPN using a incidental sampling teqhniques. In collecting data, the method used were library research, documentation, and questionnaires. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression using the SPSS program. The results of this research indicate that the quality of fiscus service has a significant positive effect and tax sanction have a significant negative effect on tax compliance.
Keywords: tax compliance, quality of fiscus service, tax sanction


A comparison of the efficacy of the SU(5) and O(6) limits of the interacting boson model in reproducing the spectra of the neutron deficient 136-140Sm isotopes is presented. The role of the ( beta , gamma ) deformation inducing nu 0 and nu 2 terms in the IBM-1 Hamiltonian for generating the proper level spacings of the odd-even spins in the Kpi =2+ band and up to high spins Ipi <14+ in the yrast band is illustrated, yielding results much better than obtained previously in IBM-2. The calculated B(E2) values and the B(E2) ratios are used to test the validity of the IBM empirical fits.


S tudies of bacteria in the mouth were among the first to provide knowledge that micro-organisms attach to tissues in a remarkably selective manner, and that this is often the first discernible event in the process of colonizing a host. This concept has attracted the attention of many investigators concerned with infectious diseases, because it provides a basis for understanding the innate resistance or susceptibility of a tissue or a host to an infectious agent in molecular terms, and it may well lead to new avenues for control. The present discussion presents an overview of how this concept evolved, strongly biased by my own experiences in this area. I will attempt to indicate the contributions and input of several colleagues, and to illustrate the intertwining of studies of basic bacterial ecology and those involving dental diseases.


Background: It has been suggested that efforts to identify genetic risk markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) would benefit from the analysis of more narrowly defined ASD phenotypes. Previous research indicates that 'insistence on sameness' (IS) and 'repetitive sensory-motor actions' (RSMA) are two factors within the ASD 'repetitive and stereotyped behavior' domain. The primary aim of this study was to identify genetic risk markers of both factors to allow comparison of those markers with one another and with markers found in the same set of pedigrees using ASD diagnosis as the phenotype. Thus, we empirically addresses the possibilities that more narrowly defined phenotypes improve linkage analysis signals and that different narrowly defined phenotypes are associated with different loci. Secondary aims were to examine the correlates of IS and RSMA and to assess the heritability of both scales. Methods: A genome-wide linkage analysis was conducted with a sample of 70 multiplex ASD pedigrees using IS and RSMA as phenotypes. Genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research using the 6 K single nucleotide polymorphism linkage panel. Analysis was done using the multipoint linkage software program MCLINK, a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that allows for multilocus linkage analysis on large extended


The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between market structure and performance in the wine sector using data from two Canadian provinces. Investigation is conducted on alternative hypothesis defined as the Structure–Conduct–Performance hypothesis, the Relative–Market–Power hypothesis and the Efficiency Structure (ES) hypothesis. The measure of performance is related to the reputation of wineries and expert ratings. Using regression analysis, we find support to the ES hypothesis. The empirical findings suggest that more research should be done on the ES of wineries in their respective markets.


Kids center is an indor or out dor area that is functioned as educational and recreational tour of children so that children can mengekplore himself and add the ability to play and learn. Education is very important for the development of the city resulting in the need for educational and recreational facilities are needed. Applying the concept of environmentally friendly both in creating children center design for children, children can also add learning education about nature and also learn about love nature. The role of Kids Center Education will help improve education not only get from schools, children can also get education and recreation in the place, the children will feel more enjoy learning in a way that play and learn, it is expected this Kids Center Role can be useful for children, parents, and the environment.

Keywords: Children, Education, Recreation, Environmentally Friendly, Magetan


Subjects reconstructed paragraphs from scrambled passages There were two passages of 240 and 400 words and three conditions (read-only, reconstruct with no feedback, and reconstruct with feedback). The major dependent measures were recall of idea units, recognition of original sentences, and concordance with the original sentence in paragraph clusters. Analysis of variance yielded (1) higher recall for idea units of the shorter passage and reconstruct-no feedback condition, (2) higher recognition of original sentences for the reconstruct-no feedback condition, and (3) greater concordance for the shorter passage. Generally speaking, feedback seemed to intrude into the reconstruction process, and greater concordance did not directly lead to improved comprehension.


The exponential increase in demand for global energy intake in day-to-day life directs us to look for a green and cost-effective energy generation and storage alternative. India being a fastly developing nation with a vast population, requires the alternative energy resource to meet up the energy deficit in an eco-friendly manner and be self-reliant in energy demands. This review aims to compile and assess developments in energy materials research from Indian prospects. Therefore, this paper discusses India's energy scenario by understanding the fundamental concepts and developments of various solar cell technologies and an overview of energy storage systems (batteries and supercapacitors), accentuating the research progress made so far along with future possibilities. This exploratory study reviews the systematic and sequential advances in all three generations of the solar cell, i.e. Si solar cell, thin-film solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cell, and perovskite solar cells. Herein, the discussion is directed at developing novel materials that are efficient, stable, and economical. Moreover, the current status of the high-performance devices for each technology is reviewed in detail. Finally, the prospects, areas of improvement, and future trends in developing cost-effective and efficient energy materials for solar cells and storage devices are highlighted.


Associated with the needs of engineering practice, the issues about the VETO POWER and COMPREHENSIVENESS are introduced when solving the truth-value of conjunction expression and disjunction expression of Fuzzy logic and dealing with Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation.Besides,the corresponding algorithmic rules for them are respectively established.


Reliable synthesis of semiconductor–metal heterostructures would increase their availability for fundamental studies and applications in catalytic, magnetic, and opto-electronic devices. Here, we demonstrate there are three main pathways for the formation of Pt and Pd nanoparticles on CdS and CdS0.4Se0.6 nanorods. A thermal pathway and photochemical pathway occur when the metal precursor is heated or irradiated directly in the presence of an electron donor, leading to homogeneous nucleation and formation of freestanding metal nanoparticles. A separate photochemical pathway occurs in the presence of semiconductor nanorods, leading to exciton formation and quenching by electron trapping at surface defect sites. The localized electrons act as seeding points, leading to heterogeneous nucleation and formation of surface-bound metal nanoparticles. Careful selection of synthetic conditions allows deposition of Pt and Pd particles on CdS and CdS0.4Se0.6 nanorods with a high degree of selectivity (90–95% surface-b...


A natural intoxication of two specimens of ostrich (Struthio camelus), raised in captivity, as a result of excessive consumption of fruits of saman (Samanea saman) in the Magdalena region of Colombia is presented. The birds had poor body condition, high degree of dehydration, apathy, weakness, drowsiness and subsequently death. The most outstanding macroscopic findings during the necropsy was a severe impaction of the proventriculus due to the accumulation of fruits and seeds of the legume and an extensive area of ulcerated mucosa. The kidney was the organ with the greatest histopathological lesions typical of a nephrotoxic condition. There were no liver lesions. Glutamic oxalacetic (TGO) and glutamic pyruvic (TGP) transaminases were found elevated. Qualitative colorimetric tests revealed the presence of tannins and saponins of the plant material found in proventriculus. The results indicated that the ostriches died due to poisoning due to the consumption of fruits of the saman.


Measure of uranium and radium activities in some natural water samples from Moroccan Sahara The preliminary results of 238 U, 234 U, 226 Ra, 228 Ra and 228 Th activities and of 234 U/ 238 U, 228 Ra/ 226 Ra, 228 Th/ 228 Ra and 226 Ra/ 238 U activity ratios obtained for 8 wells, 5 drillings, 2 springs and 3 tap water samples collected in Laayoune and Es-Smara regions in the Moroccan Sahara are given in this work. The analyzed natural water samples have been  collected from sources situated in a desert region rich in phosphates. Except for the one water drilling sample no used by population, the calculation of  equivalent doses to the maximal activities for each isotope show that all measured activities are inferior to the maximum contaminant levels recommended by the International Commission of Radioprotection and they don't present any risk for population health. The obtained results are comparable to those already found in other regions in Morocco or in the world.


Objective To observe the effect of post-operative hyperglycemia on the state and prognosis in patients post coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG).MethodsPatients who had CABG surgery in Zhongshan Hospital from January 2005 to December 2005 were enrolled.Data were collected including the general information,laboratory examination,information of therapy and prognosis.The patients were divided into post-operative hyperglycemia and post-operative normal blood glucose group according to post-operative blood glucose(BG)levels,and then according to the diabetic history,the former was devided into subgroup of stress hyperglycemia group and diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia group.The above data were compared and analyzed between the two groups,and the two subgroups.The important factors associated with prognosis were studied.Results200 patients were enrolled in this study.The incidence of post-operative hyperglycemia was 77%.The post-operative hyperglycemia group presented a higher incidence of MODS,longer MV time,and poorer prognosis than the post-operative normal BG group.The average glucose in 24 hours was independed associated with mortality.ConclusionThe incidence of complications and mortality is higher in the patients with post-operative hyperglycemia,so controlling the average glucose in 24 hours may improve the prognosis.


Web technology has evolved to offer 360-degree immersive browsing experiences. This new technology, called WebVR, enables virtual reality by rendering a three-dimensional world on an HTML canvas. Unfortunately, there exists no browsersupported way of sharing this canvas between different parties. Assuming an abusive ad service provider who exploits this absence, we present four new ad fraud attack methods. Our user study demonstrates that the success rates of our attacks range from 88.23% to 100%, confirming their effectiveness. To mitigate the presented threats, we propose AdCube, which allows publishers to specify the behaviors of third-party ad code and enforce this specification. We show that AdCube is able to block the presented threats with a small page loading latency of 236 msec and a negligible frame-per-second (FPS) drop for nine WebVR official demo sites.


The 2003–17 Australian and New Zealand-led Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) is widely considered to be a comparatively successful peacebuilding mission. Jon Fraenkel argues that a fuller assessment of RAMSI needs to consider the low intensity of the preceding conflict, and the way that conflict changed over 2001–03 in ways that encouraged a law and order focus. Within Oceania, RAMSI is usually seen as fairly successful in achieving its short-term security objectives, but less effective in reaching its more ambitious state-building goals, though without much attention to the reasons for that contrast. There has been little appreciation of the longer-run ramifications of the 2006–07 crisis in relations between Australian authorities and the Solomon Islands government.


Top-gate(TG) field effect transistors (FETs) with channels composed of Si nanowires were successfully fabricated in this study using photolithographic processes. In the TG FETs fabricated on oxidized Si substrates, the channels composed of Si nanowires with diameters of about 100 nm with natural SiO2. The surfaces of the Si nanowires with natural SiO2 were covered with the gate metal to form TG FETs.