It used to be a normal method for enterprises screening employees in the basis of the direct signal of diploma and salary. But, we find that many enterprises refused to accept the senior, but they just welcome have seen service person. In order to analyze this phenomenon, we introduce three kind of players, two strategy profiles, two employment states, and put forward three hypotheses. Then we compare the two screening methods for a job seeker, and the results show that it is a better method for enterprise screening employees with years of working experiences because they tend to have higher loyalty.


The atmospheres of university mathematics class are often dull and rigid.In this paper,according to the authors practical teaching experience,the "help" type of teaching method can make the atmospheres of mathematics class become more relaxed and humorous,then it can effectively change the class environment and improve the quality of teaching.


George H. van Kooten, "Why Did Paul Include an Exegesis of Moses' Shining Face (Exod 34) in 2 Cor 3?: Moses' Strength, Well-being and (Transitory) Glory, according to Philo, Josephus, Paul, and the Corinthian Sophists," in The Significance of Sinai: Traditions about Sinai and Divine Revelation in Judaism and Christianity (ed. George J. Brooke, Hindy Najman, and Loren T. Stuckenbruck; Themes in Biblical Narrative 12; Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008), 149-181.


An installation structure for a vegetation retaining wall is provided to cut down on the cost of production by using a reinforcement member with the reduced amount of steel lost, and to improve resistance against earth pressure by improving the shape of a reinforcement member. An installation structure for a vegetation retaining wall for preventing the breaking of a cut slope or an excavation surface on a road or a residential street comprises a concrete foundation installed on the ground along a retaining wall installation line at the front of a banking layer and provided with plural anchor bolts to fasten angles, a retaining wall structure(30) installed to the top of the concrete foundation and composed of plural support frames(31) arranged on the upper part of the concrete foundation at regular intervals, a vertical spacer member(32) installed between the support frames to keep the support frames at regular intervals, a wire mesh(33) installed between the support frames to prevent the outflow of soil of the banking layer and connection members(34) installed to the support frames at regular intervals and connected with a reinforcement member, and a reinforcement member(40) installed to the retaining wall structure and buried under the banking layer and composed of a steel strap bolted to a joint of the connection member of the retaining wall structure, a resistance projection bolted to the top of the steel strap and a wedge bolt buried under the banking layer vertically via the resistance projection and the steel strap.


The successful replacement of small-diameter blood vessels, affected by cardiovascular disease, with natural and synthetic bypass grafts remains limited due to long-term patency issues. The development of a tissue engineered blood vessel (TEBV), with properties mimicking that of the native vessel to be replaced, may provide a potential solution. Electrospinning, a polymer processing technique capable of producing nano to micron-scale in diameter fibres has been studied extensively in the last decade as a potential technique for the fabrication of tissue scaffolds. Insufficient cell infiltration into electrospun constructs, and thus incomplete remodelling of the scaffolds, has however hindered their use in clinical applications todate. Electrospinning variations, including the production of multi-modal fibre diameter scaffolds and nanofibre bundles that offer increased porosities compared to traditional electrospun materials may allow these limitations to be overcome. This study looks at the development of a bi-layer scaffold consisting of a small diameter multi-modal core layer paired with highly porous nanofibre bundles.

Electrospun tubular core layers possessing multi-modal fibre diameter populations were created using poly(


The transfer function method is a common method for establishing a traveling wave field in a sound tube to measure the reflection and transmission coefficient of underwater material. The voltage applied to the secondary sound source can be calculated in accordance with the transfer matrix between the sound sources and hydrophones, then a traveling wave field can be established in the sound tube. However, the transfer function must be remeasured when the measurement frequency needs to be changed. A checking procedure of the traveling wave field in the sound tube is essential before measuring underwater acoustic material. If it is not an accurate traveling wave field, the secondary sound source signal should be corrected until the traveling wave field meets the requirements. To address these problems, an adaptive control method for generating plane traveling waves is proposed. The phase difference of sound pressures measured using the two hydrophones between the secondary sound source and the sample is used as the objective function in the adaptive algorithm, and the amplitude and phase of the secondary sound source can be obtained using the adaptive control system in the frequency domain. When a traveling wave field is formed, the reflection and transmission coefficient of the sample can be measured at the same time. With this method, the procedure of testing the traveling wave field is omitted. If the state of the primary sound source changes, the signal form of the secondary sound source can be changed immediately. Therefore, the efficiency of material measurement is improved. Theoretically, this method can obtain the most matching signal form of the secondary sound source, such that the accuracy of this method is remarkably high. Simulation and experimental results in this paper show that the measurement accuracy is reliable within the frequency range of 100–2500 Hz.


In direct‐gap semiconductors, self‐absorption processes are known to increase minority carrier lifetimes. In this paper, an original method is developed to solve the dynamic continuity equation with the inclusion of self‐absorption phenomena. Also named photo recycling, this process is treated in a model which takes into account the experimental conditions, together with geometrical and optical characteristics of the sample. This method is used to analyze photoluminescence decay experiments on angle‐lapped GaAs/Ga0.15Al0.85As double heterostructures. The inclusion of the reabsorption effects is shown to improve the global fit of calculated luminescence with experimental data. This leads to a more accurate determination of key electronic parameters such as diffusion coefficient, surface recombination velocities, and nonradiative lifetime of minority carriers.


With the constant development of China's reform and the implementation of global economic integration,China's international business activities are increasingly growing.Yet,in the course of business exchange,the obstacles communicators encounter are that they fail to make the proper selection of lexical meaning.This paper deals with the features of Business English Vocabulary and puts forward the principles for the selection of lexical meanings,with the focus on the skills of selection of lexical meaning for Business English vocabulary.


Abstract: The structure of polyolefin fibres is considered at various levels, with particular reference to polypropylene and polyethylene fibres. At the macromolecular level, the architecture of the polymer chains is discussed: chemical structure, molar mass and molar mass distribution. On a larger scale, the arrangements of these chains within the fibre are also discussed. In addition, fibre profile is considered: fibre size and cross-sectional shape, hollow fibres, bicomponent fibres, fibre blends, and crimp. The final sections include influences of processing conditions on polyolefin fibre structure, gas plasma treatments of polyolefin fibres and auxetic polyolefin fibres.


Chapter - 00: Introduction Chapter - 01: Training and the Organizational Environment Chapter - 02: A Systematic Approach to Training Chapter - 03: The Reactive Route into Training Chapter - 04: The Proactive Route into Training Chapter - 05: Analyses for Training Chapter - 06: Training Objectives Chapter - 07: Learning Principles and Conditions Chapter - 08: The Training Course: Selection, Design and Delivery Chapter - 09: Individual Training and Development Chapter - 10: Assessing the Effectiveness of Training Chapter - 11: Auditing Training Chapter - 12: The Role of the Trainer


Capacitor banks, when optimally placed in an electrical network improve power quality and reliability. For determining the capacitors' optimal location, the prevailing index methods mainly focus on single criterion, e.g., either of voltage stability, loss reduction, system loadability, and neglect some of the equally critical quantities while proving the solution. For obtaining a pragmatically feasible techno-commercial solution, it is advantageous to consider multiple criteria. This article proposes a novel approach for optimal capacitor allocation, which allows to choose as many objective functions (criteria) as desired. In the proposed approach, initially, the load flow study is executed to obtain the network's quantities for an uncompensated network. Subsequently, optimal locations of capacitor banks are identified through the proposed indexing method based on the application of Shannon's Entropy. The capacitor banks' optimal sizes are determined using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The cost function is formulated as the minimization of sum of active power loss cost and the incurred annual capacitors cost subject to different operational constraints. The proposed approach is compared with that of the previously published methods by applying on radial distribution networks of different sizes (IEEE-12 bus, 34-bus and 108-bus) and the proposed approach is found to be superior.


CHARLIER, R.H., 2010. Philatelic panorama of some Belgian Antarctic marine contributions, the 19th–21st centuries: from Belgica to Princess Elisabeth. Journal of Coastal Research, 26(2), 359–376. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 07490208. Belgium has been interested in and involved in Antarctic studies for over a century. The name of Adrien de Gerlache is indelibly linked with that of his ship, the Belgica, the first vessel to ever spend a winter trapped in the ice of the southern continent. The former Norwegian sealer-whaler had a multinational crew of scientists and sailors. If it brought back a trove of information, it also did a tale of hardships and fears. The postal administration of Belgium—and to a more modest extent that of Romania and Poland—have illustrated the expedition, its anniversaries, and the further research carried out by Belgians in Antarctica. The Belgica was sunk by the German invasion forces in World War II. Efforts are underway to refloat the vessel and make it into a museum, as was done, e.g., for the Fram. Le Pôle Sud fut conquis parce que Adrien de Gerlache, le premier, osa affronter un hivernage antarctique. Jean Charcot, French explorer


This paper analysesthe impact on workers of the electromagnetic field produced by large furnaces for glass production. The paper also propose a solution for the reduction and the containment of magnetic induction levels below the limits imposed by national and international directives. Using a three-dimensional numerical calculation code based on the hypothesis of filiform conductors in the air (Biot-savart law). The choice of the solution is based on the technique named highly coupled magnetically passive loop technique (HMCPL). The solution was then implemented and a comparison between the magnetic induction values before and after the installation of the shielding solution is presented.


The Association honored 21 members for career achievements and outstanding research at the APSA Awards Ceremony in Boston. Hosted by 2002 Program Co-Chairs W. Phillips Shively and Kathryn Sikkink, the ceremony drew nearly 300 attendees. Following the ceremony, 2002 APSA President Robert D. Putnam delivered his Presidential Address, "The Public Role of Political Science," which will appear in the inaugural issue of Perspectives on Politics this March.


B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway components represent promising treatment targets in multiple B-cell tumors including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). BCR signaling activates proximal pathway components such as the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and downstream effectors including PI3K/AKT and NF-κB. In recent studies, we characterized distinct SYK/PI3K/AKT-dependent viability pathways in BCR DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors with high- or low-baseline NF-κB activity and defined additional SYK/PI3K/AKT-dependent processes essential for BCR DLBCLs with low- or high-baseline NF-κB (Chen et al Cancer Cell 2013; 23:826-838). For example, SYK/PI3K/AKT-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis was identified as a feed-forward mechanism of preserving the integrity of BCRs in lipid rafts in all BCR-dependent DLBCLs.

In the current study, we sought to identify biomarkers of intact BCR signaling in DLBCLs with low or high baseline NF-κB. We found highly significant transcriptional upregulation of CXCR4 in all BCR-dependent DLBCLs treated with a chemical SYK inhibitor (R406). These results were of particular interest because BCR signaling inhibits stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α chemotaxis and promotes intermobilization of the SDF-1α receptor, CXCR4.

To expand on our findings, we analyzed CXCR4 transcript abundance in a large panel of cell lines including BCR-dependent/ low NF-κB (GC type) and BCR-dependent/ high NF-κB (ABC type) and BCR-independent/ OxPhos DLBCLs. CXCR4 transcript abundance was significantly and selectively upregulated in all BCR-dependent DLBCL lines assessed by qRT-PCR following chemical SYK inhibition. Consistent with the qRT-PCR results, SYK blockade also selectively upregulated cell surface CXCR4 expression in all BCR-dependent DLBCLs. Similar results were obtained following SYK knockdown with multiple independent shRNAs; CXCR4 transcript abundance was significantly and selectively upregulated in all BCR-dependent/ low NF-κB (GCB) DLBCLs and BCR-dependent/ high NF-κB (ABC) DLBCLs but was not altered in BCR-independent/ OxPhos tumors. Following SYK blockade, we also observed significant CXCR4 induction (by qRT-PCR) in multiple primary BCR-dependent DLBCLs (NF-κB low and NF-κB high) and unchanged CXCR4 levels in primary BCR-independent tumors. These data confirm that the observations regarding SYK blockade and CXCR4 induction in BCR-dependent DLBCL cell lines translated to primary tumors.

Our recent studies indicate that all BCR-dependent DLBCLs exhibit SYK/PI3K/AKT signaling and modulation of FOXO1 regardless of baseline NF-κB levels. Given the recent identification of CXCR4 as a FOXO1 target, we asked whether modulation of CXCR4 in DLBCLs was via a PI3K/AKT pathway. In BCR-dependent DLBCLs with low or high baseline NF-κB, chemical PI3K inhibition (LY294002) phenocopied chemical SYK blockade (R406) with highly significant transcriptional upregulation of CXCR4. Moreover, in BCR-dependent DLBCL cell lines, enforced expression of a constitutively active form of AKT (myrAKT) abrogated CXCR4 upregulation resulting from SYK blockade. These data indicate that in BCR-dependent DLBCLs, CXCR4 is modulated by a SYK/PI3K/AKT-dependent pathway.

To assess the functional significance of CXCR4 upregulation in BCR-dependent DLBCLs, we performed a transwell chemotaxis assay and evaluated migration toward a SDF-1α gradient. Following chemical SYK inhibition, all BCR-dependent DLBCLs exhibited significantly increased migration toward the CXCR4 ligand, SDF-1α, whereas the BCR-independent/ OxPhos DLBCLs were unaffected. The enhanced SDF-1α dependent migration was abrogated when the chemotaxis assay was performed in the presence of the specific CXCR4 inhibitor, AMD3100, confirming the specificity of the observed effect.

Therefore, in BCR-dependent DLBCLs with low or high baseline NF-kB, SYK/PI3K inhibition is associated with significant and functionally relevant upregulation of CXCR4. For these reasons, CXCR4 may serve as a robust biomarker to assess the integrity of the BCR pathway and evaluate the efficacy of BCR inhibition in DLBCL.

Disclosures: Off Label Use: R406 is not get approved, but is being evaluated in DLBCL and CLL.


Background noise affects the speech signal processing, including speech coding, speech recognition and speech identification. It is very important to prevent and reduce the background noise in the field of speech signal processing. The classification of noise signals will avoid confusion in categorizing the noises. This classification process will improve the performance by reducing the computational load, by extracting minimum number of features sets. Commonly encountered environmental noises are car, A/c, factory, street noise etc. A major step in the design of a signal classification system is the selection of good set of features. Feature selection improves classification by searching for the subset of features, which best classify the training data. The goal is to obtain an efficient, small vector of acoustic features which represent the input pattern for the fuzzy system being trained. Each fuzzy system provides a model for the acoustic parameter space of each category of background noise. In this project a novel approach to classify the background noises by using the MODIFIED-FUZZY ARTMAP NEURAL NETWORK (M-FAMNN) is proposed. The MFAMNN is proven to be one of the best classifier than the ARTMAP Network for classification problems. The ModifiedFuzzy ARTMAP Neural Network is trained and tested. The MFAMNN provides the standard deviation value of 90% over 78% of FAMNN. Index Terms – Linear prediction coefficients, Zero crossing rate, Fuzzy ARTMAP. Modified Fuzzy ARTMAP.


We carry out an objective classification of four samples of spiral galaxies having extended rotation curves beyond the optical radius. A multivariate statistical analysis (viz., principal component analysis [PCA]) shows that about 96% of the total variation is due to two components, one being the combination of absolute blue magnitude and maximum rotational velocity beyond the optical region and the other being the central density of the halo. On the basis of PCA a fundamental plane has been constructed that reduces the scatter in the Tully-Fisher relation up to a maximum of 16%. A multiple stepwise regression analysis of the variation of the overall shape of the rotation curves shows that it is mainly determined by the central surface brightness, while the shape purely in the outer part of the galaxy (beyond the optical radius) is mainly determined by the size of the galactic disk.


Abstract Background Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a major cause of critical illness in immunocompromised (IC) patients. However, current fungal testing methods have significant limitations and there is a clear need for new diagnostic options. Disease-specific gene expression patterns in circulating host cells show promise as novel diagnostics; however, it is unknown whether such a "signature" exists for IA. Additionally, there is a need for better understanding of the effect of iatrogenic immunosuppression (present in most cases of IA) on such host response-driven biomarkers. Methods Male BALB/c mice were separated into an Aspergillus fumigatus inhalational exposure group and a placebo group. These two groups were each subdivided into three additional sets based on immunocompromised status (no immunosuppression, cyclophosphamide, and corticosteroids) for a total of six experimental groups. Mice were sacrificed 4 days post-infection. Whole blood was assayed for transcriptomic responses via microarray. Bayesian techniques were utilized to develop classifiers of IA and leave one out cross-validation was used to estimate predictive probabilities. Results Aspergillus infection triggers a powerful response in non-IC hosts, with 2996 genes differentially expressed between IA and controls. We generated a 146-gene expression classifier able to discriminate between non-IC mice with IA and uninfected non-IC mice with 100% accuracy. However, the presence of immunosuppressive drugs exhibited a strong confounding effect on the transcriptomic classifier that was derived in the absence of immunosuppression. After controlling for the genomic effects of immunosuppressive drugs, we were able to generate a 187-gene classifier with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97% across all IC states. Conclusion The host transcriptomic response to IA is robust and highly conserved. Pharmacologic perturbation of the host immune response unsurprisingly has powerful effects on gene expression-based classifier performance and must be taken into account when developing novel diagnostics. When appropriately designed, host-derived peripheral blood transcriptomic responses to IA demonstrate the ability to accurately diagnose Aspergillus infection, even in the presence of immunosuppression. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Results of laboratory tests to evaluate the fire performance of an aluminum/paper honeycomb structural sandwich panel building are presented. Smoke generation, surface flammability and flame penetration measurements are summarized. It is concluded that the panel may be limited in its ability to prevent flamethrough under severe fire exposure, but is considered safe from the standpoint of spread of flame along exposed surfaces. EVALUATION OF THE FIRE PERFORMANCE OF SANDWICH PANEL USED IN THE MARK III PREFABRICATED LEWIS BUILDING


An apparatus for regenerating ion exchange resin is composed of the electrolyzer consisting of anode chamber, at least one set of anionic and cationic resin regenerating chambers and cathode chamber,the bipolar membrane for isolating the anionic from cationic resin regenerating chambers, anionic exchange membrane between anode chamber and anionic resin generating chamber, cationic exchange membrane between cationic resin generating chamber and cathode chamber, anode, cathode, and the aqueous solution of sodium sulfate in cathode and anode chambers. Its advantages are simple process and environmental protection.


A system, method, and computer readable medium for providing a personalized ring back tone comprises receiving a location request return result message (76) at a mobile switching center (24), based on the location request return result message (76), receiving an initial address message (78) at a personal ring back tone platform (12), based on the initial address message (78), receiving an address complete message with an optional backward call indicator parameter (80) at the mobile switching center (24), and providing the personalized ring back tone from the personal ring back tone platform (12) while normal call progress is occurring.


Growth of grass herbage in Ireland is highly seasonal with little or no net growth from November to February. As a result, feed demand exceeds grass supply during late autumn, winter and early spring. At low stocking rates [≤2 livestock units (LU) ha−1], there is potential to defer some of the herbage grown in autumn to support winter grazing. This study examined the effects of four autumn-closing dates and four winter-grazing dates in successive years on the accumulation of herbage mass and on tiller density in winter and subsequent herbage production at two sites in Ireland, one in the south and one in the north-east. Closing swards from grazing in early and mid-September (north-east and south of Ireland respectively) provided swards with >2 t DM ha−1 and a proportion of green leaf >0·65–0·70 of the herbage mass above 4 cm, with a crude protein (CP) concentration of >230 g kg−1 DM and dry matter digestibility (DMD) of >0·700. The effects of autumn-closing date and winter-grazing date on herbage production in the subsequent year varied between the two sites. There was no significant effect of autumn-closing date in the north-eastern site whereas in the south earlier autumn closing reduced the herbage mass in late March by up to 0·34 t DM ha−1 and delaying winter grazing reduced the herbage mass in late March by up to 0·85 t DM ha−1. The effects of later grazing dates in winter on herbage mass continued into the summer at the southern site, reducing the herbage mass for the period from late March to July by up to 2 t DM ha−1. The effects of imposing treatments in successive years did not follow a consistent pattern and year-to-year variation was most likely linked to meteorological conditions.


Single-crystal X-ray analysis has shown that in dehydrated divalent copper-exchanged faujasite the so-called site III-type cations are located at the pore entrances to the supercage and are effectively bonded to only one framework oxygen, thus being present in a highly unsaturated co-ordination geometry.


In this paper, we propose a technique for extracting attentive objects in images using feature maps, regardless of the complexity of images and the position of objects. The proposed method uses feature maps with edge and color information in order to extract attentive objects. We also propose a reference map which is created by integrating feature maps. In order to create a reference map, feature maps which represent visually attentive regions in images are constructed. Three feature maps including edge map, CbCr map and H map are utilized. These maps contain the information about boundary regions by the difference of intensity or colors. Then the combination map which represents the meaningful boundary is created by integrating the reference map and feature maps. Since the combination map simply represents the boundary of objects we extract the candidate object regions including meaningful boundaries from the combination map. In order to extract candidate object regions, we use the convex hull algorithm. By applying a segmentation algorithm to the area of candidate regions to separate object regions and background regions, real object regions are extracted from the candidate object regions. Experiment results show that the proposed method extracts the attentive regions and attentive objects efficiently, with 84.3% Precision rate and 81.3% recall rate.


There are over 8000 roundabouts in the United States. The current techniques for assessing their performance require field counts to provide inputs to analysis or simulation models. These techniques are labor-intensive and do not scale well. This paper presents a methodology to use connected vehicle (CV) trajectory data to estimate delay and level of service for roundabout approaches by adapting the Purdue Probe Diagram used for traffic signal analytics. By linear referencing vehicle trajectories with a particular movement based on the location and time they exit a roundabout, delay can be calculated. The scalability is demonstrated by applying these techniques to assess over 100 roundabouts in Carmel, IN during the weekday afternoon peak period in July 2021. Over 264,000 trajectories and 3,600,000 GPS points were analyzed to rank over 300 roundabout approaches by delay and summarize in Pareto-sorted graphics and maps. The paper concludes by discussing how these techniques can also be used to analyze queue lengths and origin-destination characteristics at roundabouts. The methodology presented in this study can be used by any agency that wants to assess the performance of all roundabouts in their system.


The Institute of Hydrology lumped conceptual model uses flow records to optimise a number of parameters controlling separate interception, soil and channel stores for several different land uses in a catchment. The model was initially applied to the Elan Valley catchment (central Wales) in order to estimate the effect of afforestation' of the catchment on water resources. The model was subsequently used in the Hore catchment (central Wales) to model the effects on low flows of large scale clear felling of a predominantly forested catchment. Finally the predicted effects of changes in afforestation of the Doller catchment in eastern France are considered, and future improvements and applications of the model are discussed.


The paper analyzes the knowledge economy and the creative economy in the information age which has changed the needs of computer application talents.Combined with fostering computer application talents and the employment status,it explores the market needs of computer application characteristics of the knowledge and skills needed for creative talents and in the university training methods.


Abstract : The Corps of Engineers (Civil Works) is responsible for maintaining the locks and dams on navigable waterways as well as numerous smaller structures designed for flood protection or recreation. This maintenance includes repainting the existing steel structures. Most of the painting is done by private industry under contracts prepared using the Civil Works Construction Guide Specification CW-09940, Painting: Hydraulic Structures and Appurtenant Works. Inspection of these painting operations is the responsibility of the Corps. In the past, improper inspection has resulted in the acceptance of paint work that did not meet specifications. Most of this has been attributed to insufficient inspection manpower, lack of training for inspectors, and insufficient or uncalibrated inspection equipment. It is believed that inspection efficiency could be improved by providing convenient reference material describing coating characteristics, proper application procedures, and equipment requirements. This report contains instructional material for Corps of Engineers personnel who are responsible for inspection of coatings applied to hydraulic structures. Included is information on corrosion theory, coating types and characteristics, surface preparation, coating application, coating failures, inspection procedures for various types of coating systems, and use and calibration of inspection instruments.


Objective. The prognosis of high-grade glioma (HGG) is poor with a median survival of about 1 year for glioblastoma. In 2007, NICE published a technology appraisal (TA121) recommending the use of carmustine wafers (Gliadel) and systemic therapy with temozolomide for selected patients with HGG. Outcomes for HGG surgery in the United Kingdom with these combined treatments have not been published. Design. Retrospective audit of consecutive patients in a single unit with carmustine wafer implantation. Subjects. Fifty-nine patients had carmustine wafers implanted at primary surgery, between October 2005 and October 2010 at Wessex Neurological Centre, Southampton, UK. Methods. Patients were given chemotherapeutic treatments strictly according to NICE TA121. Survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results. Fifty-five patients had WHO grade IV tumours and four had grade III. Median age was 61 years. At follow-up, 39 patients had died. Median survival was 15.3 months. Eight patients (13.5%) experienced post-operative complications (including five infections) for which four had the carmustine wafers removed. Forty-seven (80%) patients were treated with radical radiotherapy (55–60 Gy) and six (10%) patients received palliative radiotherapy (30 Gy). Thirty-seven patients (63%) received concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy. In the subset of 37 patients receiving multimodal treatment with radical radiotherapy and concomitant temozolomide, median survival was 15.8 months compared with 7.4 months in those not receiving multimodal treatment. Discussion. Carmustine wafers for primary HGG surgery in accordance with the NICE TA121 were associated with a median survival of 15.3 months; this is improved compared with previously reported randomised trials. Multimodal treatment with carmustine wafers, radical radiotherapy and concomitant temozolomide was associated with improved survival. Increased incidence of infections was observed in cases receiving carmustine wafers.


The objective of this paper is to investigate the situation of active and passive earth pressures on the back of a retaining wall with layered backfill. Most numerical results available in literature are applicable only to situations in which the backfill material is homogeneous. However, in reality, the backfill material is rarely homogeneous. This paper will investigate the behavior of a retaining wall by making use of FLAC to model a two-layered backfill. FLAC results will be compared with solutions obtained from classical earth pressure theory and rigorous numerical upper and lower bound limit analysis solutions.


A set of compounds consisting of a new and diverse collection of biarylamides was examined using quantitative structure-activity relationship techniques for the purpose of developing a model to describe inhibition of gram-positive bacterial growth (minimum inhibition concentration). The model was sought in order to obtain insight for designing new molecules. A detailed analysis of the underlying structure-activity relationship helped provide insight concerning which structural features of the molecules modulated the activity of the compounds against gram-positive organisms.


In this paper, the gate voltage oscillations occurring under short-circuit conditions in Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors are investigated, together with their dependency with respect to stray inductance variations. By using AnSYS Q3D Extractor, electromagnetic simulations are conducted to extract the self and mutual inductances of three different layouts, which are also experimentally tested. Finiteelement device simulations on a planar IGBT cell have been carried out to provide a better understanding of the internal physical mechanisms and thus demonstrate by a sensitivity analysis which layout parameters must be minimized. This study is important to reach conclusions on the package design requirements for optimum performance under short-circuit operations, revealing the compromises between switching speed and short-circuit performance. Finally, an optimized layout solution for mitigating possible IGBT short-circuit instabilities, such as oscillations, is proposed.


For situation of the some smaller power plants with small units are high in coal consumption rate which generating a small profit or even a loss.Proposed to the configuration load of these plants with lower coal consumption rate for some large units of large power plants in order to make the plants a win-win effect solution.It was described the coal consumption characteristic equation of power plant unit.It was built the mathematical model of load optimal disposition between different power plants by generate electricity cost.The model established consider the market factors affecting on the optimal allocation of unit load.It was elaborated the principle and step of genetic algorithm.It was calculated and analysed the load optimal disposition of different power plants by using genetic algorithm.Results show that energy savings and significant improvement in earnings power can be realized through the power plant unit load optimal disposition.


Technology that supports older adults can have a positive effect on their psychological and physical well-being in a way that they may live independently for longer periods of time. This study is conducted to identify relevant factors that influence the use of smart home and telecare technologies in order to develop a measurement tool for telecare acceptance. In this study we revise the original Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain the use of smart home and telecare technology by older adults. The model will be tested in the field by researching the use of telecare technology (with multiple functionalities, such as personal alarms, screen-to-screen communication, and teleservices) by approx. 100 Dutch households. The research will provide guidelines for design, implementation and functionality of smart home and telecare technology for older adults. It will provide insight into what features contribute to effective use of technology for older adults who live at home independently.


Objective To evaluate the Correlation between the color Doppler ultrasound appearance and expression of PTEN,P53 in endometrial cancer and the value.Methods Sixty-five patients of endometrial cancer were examined preoperatively by color doppler ultrasound,After operation all Cases were examined with immunohistochemical stain methods to observe the expression of PTEN,P53,and the relationship between sonography and expression of PTEN,P53 geneproteins was analysed.Results Ultrasonic staging,the invasive degrees of myometrium and intensities blood flow CDFI,RI were significantly correlated with the expression of PTEN,P53 in endometrial cancer.With progression of ultrasonic staging,deepening of cancer invasion and intensities blood flow CDFI,decreasing of RI,expression of PTEN,P53 were significant difference(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion Some of the sonographical characteristics of endometrial cancer were correlated with gene-protein expression of PTEN,P53.


The pore blocking procedure of anodized aluminum profiles is one of the key surface treatments of aluminum profiles.Low- temperature chemical pore blocking procedure has the advantages of energy conservation,simple operation and high pore blocking quality,and is adopted extensively at home and abroad.The paper expounds in detail the mechanism of low-temperature chemical pore blocking and the main factors influencing the pore blocking quality;presents the reasons of producing"powder frost"defects as well as the preventing methods;points out the necessity of independently controlling and adding the F ions;provides the optimum controlling ranges of various parameters during the pore blocking process based on the practical operation experiences;expounds the influences of anodizing conditions on pore blocking quality by means of production examples;determines the water washing conditions before and after pore blocking;puts forward a new process of preferably first washing the pore blocked profiles with water in room temperature, followed by hot water washing.


Based on extensive and in-depth research on 9 town,9 county in Chicheng,this paper selected the Chicheng town as the demonstration pilot project of new rural culture construction,made demonstration project planning,the planning contents including establishment of planning target,formulation of cultural construction development strategy and a detailed planning,emphatically made plan to sports,popular science education and industry cultural development.


Introduction. Currently, Russia has adopted a course towards the creation of intelligent machines and equipment. The same holds for mobile technological machines for road construction and public utilities. Therefore, the design and creation of this type of actuators with a self-adaptation function is a critical task.Materials and Methods. A device equipped with a hydraulic drive with self-adaptation to load and coordination of kinematic and power parameters of the principal motion and the feed movement of the working body of the rock- drilling rig, is presented. To study and design the device based on the mathematical modeling methods of a hydraulic drive and adaptive systems, a mathematical model is proposed. It is developed using the foundations of the theory of volumetric stiffness of hydraulic systems. This enables to accurately describe the impact of the dynamic properties of the hydraulic system (compressibility of the working fluid, elastic properties of pipelines, high-pressure  hoses, hydraulic apparatuses) on the dynamic properties of the system as a whole.Results. The mathematical model for a device with self-adaptation includes submodels of adaptive communication, interrelations of power, kinematic and process parameters of rock drilling, as well as mathematical description of the movement of system elements. The solution to the developed mathematical model was performed in the software environment for dynamic modeling of technical systems SimInTech. As a result, general dependences of the adaptive system on the design parameters of the system and the operating conditions are obtained.Discussion and Conclusion. The mathematical model of the presented device shows the fundamental possibility of implementing the principle of self-adaptation in terms of load under external and internal disturbing actions during operation. The results obtained can be used under designing adaptive systems of other technological equipment, for example, for the implementation of deep drilling in workpieces with variable properties in its depth.


Automatic question generation is a novel technology that allows the user to turn any text into a language test. Being one of the pioneering researcher on this subject, Ayako Hoshino offers a design and technological details of the innovating system called Sakumon. The book also includes a survey of recent studies on educational application of natural language processing, and a comprehensive summary of the recent advancement of automatic question generation for grammar and vocabulary testing. This book is recommended to all language teachers and learners who are interested in automatic question generation, as well as a information scientists who are interested in the research on a similar topic.


The DC microgrid does not need to consider frequency when accessing distributed energy, but the distributed energy access port does not have inertia and damping characteristics, so there are problems of voltage instability and power fluctuation. In this paper, the bidirectional DC–DC converter is the main object; based on the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control strategy, the inertia regulation is added to adjust the bus voltage dynamically. In addition, a balancing strategy is proposed to ensure the balanced distribution of the state of charge (SOC) and power for multiple batteries. Finally, a simulink is built to prove the viability and availability of the VSG control strategy.


Grouping species into functional-form groups and measuring directly their surface area to volume ratio are 2 common approaches to forecast primary production of marine macroalgae. A link between the functional-form model (FFM) and the power-scaling approach (PSA) for a wide vari- ety of marine macroalgae has been attempted for the first time in the present work. To test both approaches, thalli of 44 species of marine benthic macroalgae were collected from intertidal zones adjacent to Cadiz Bay. Metabolic rates, tissue nutrient content, surface area to biomass ratio (SA/B) and specific growth rates were measured for these species. PSA slopes were close to 2/3 power for growth rate, while metabolic rates scaled very close to, or matched, 3/4 power. The FFM descriptive model provided similar results to the PSA when it was transformed to a numerical model through the SA/B ratio. Even though both models appear to be valid, the problems derived from species alloca- tion into morphological groups, and other previous criticisms, make the direct use of SA/B ratios more suitable for representing primary production in macroalgal functional groups in numerical models of coastal ecosystems.


The authors carried out researches to study the effect of complex feed hydrolysate on the zootechnical parameters of piglets of the rearing group. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the productivity of piglets in the experimental group was higher than in the control group by 1.07 kg (3.61%), 1.45 kg (4.90%) and 2.10 kg (7.09%). When analyzing the weight gain of piglets, an increase in this parameter was also found in the experimental groups. Thus, in the 1st experimental group, the weight gain of piglets during the study period was 4.42% higher than in the control group, 6.72% higher in the 2nd experimental group and 7.87% higher in the 3rd group. The results of calculating feed costs per 1 kg of animal weight gain showed that in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups, the conversion of compound feed was 1.88 kg, 1.82 kg and 1.81 kg, which is respectively lower than in the control group by 4.09%, 6.65% and 7.16%. The results of the general and biochemical analysis of piglets' blood, reflecting metabolic processes and the state of internal organs, showed the absence of a negative effect of the feed additive on the animals' body, the studied parameters were within the limits of intraspecific norms. The results of physiological experiments showed that the use of feed additives in the diet of pigs contributed to a positive effect on the level of digestibility of individual nutrients in the diet.


There are 42 festival lyrics written by Yao Hua, which accounts for one seventh of his total lyr-ics. All festival lyrics are rich in content and theme, including festivals, solar terms and customs. Unlike thecommon festival lyrics which describe ethnic customs and joyful festival atmosphere, Yao Hua's lyrics focusmore on feelings like worrying for current situation,sorrowing for hard life, yearning for hometown and rela-tives, and they all are with distinct personal and time features.


Objective — The diagnostic value of the exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) for the detection of coronary artery disease is hampered by a high proportion of equivocal results, especially in asymptomatic patients. The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery correlates well with the degree of atherosclerosis, also in other vascular beds, such as the coronary arteries. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether measurements of intima-media thickness can improve the diagnostic value of stress ECG in the detection of coronary artery disease. Methods — Patients without a history of vascular disease and with equivocal exercise stress ECG results were included.The intima-media thickness was measured with high resolution echography at the posterior wall of the common carotid artery, using an automated edge-tracking method. The diagnosis of coronary artery disease was based on the presence of reversible perfusion defects on exercise MIBI-scintigrams. Results — A total of 90 patients (46 men, 44 women) with a mean age of 53.7 years were included. The MIBI-scintigraphy was positive in 17. There was no difference in mean intima-media thickness between MIBI positive and MIBI negative patients (635.76 ± 84.56 μm and 643.89 ± 107.06 μm, respectively, p = 0.8). Using multiple regression analysis, neither intima-media thickness measurements, nor classic risk factors could predict the result of MIBI-scintigraphy. Intima-media thickness was mainly influenced by age and hypertension. Conclusions — In this study, neither intima-media thickness measurements, nor classic risk factors could improve the diagnostic value of stress ECG in the detection of coronary artery disease. In case of equivocal stress results, additional cardiovascular imaging techniques remain recommended.


This paper intoduces the current status of thd technology,operation and market of paver,and analyses the influences of many aspects on paver,including the standards that lead and support the development of paver,electromagnetic control technology and manufacturing crafts development:first,the models of pavers will make the pluralism;second,pavers of technological and economical types will develop independently;third,the pavers will be applicable to paving different layers and they will cooperate with MTV(Material Transter Vehicle)


First decade of 21 st century along till now mutual fund industry have w itnessed a boost in mutual fund investments, even after major changes in Indian eco nomy like global credit crises, demonetization and implementation of new taxation policy, i.e. GST, this investment inst rument always get more and more boost in terms of i nvestments and Now Mutual Fund as an investment instrument is a sole way to get more returns within the limited time per iod. Realizing mutual fund as a good investment instrume nt the outcome is that growth of the customer inves ts in mutual funds have increased and reached up to 2.29 crores, thoug this financial instrument supposed to achieve mor e that is what is to be expected. The objective behind this study is to create awareness among customers, to understand the ir perception when it comes to investing in mutual funds andRelationsh ip between demographic dynamics of Investors and th eir Perception towards Mutual Funds. This study will help to under stand an investor's preference and choice towards i nvestment options and their understanding towards mutual funds.


Do governments seeking to collaborate in such international organizations as the United Nations and the World Bank ever learn to improve the performance of those organizations? Can international organizations be improved by a deliberate institutional design that reflects lessons learned in peacekeeping, the protection of human rights, and environmentally sound economic development? In this incisive work, Ernst Haas examines these and other issues to delineate the conditions under which organizations change their methods for defining problems. Haas contends that international organizations change most effectively when they are able to redefine the causes underlying the problems to be addressed. He shows that such self-reflection is possible when the expert-generated knowledge about the problems can be made to mesh with the interests of hegemonic coalitions of member governments. But usually efforts to change organizations begin as adaptive practices that owe little to a systematic questioning of past behavior. Often organizations adapt and survive without fully satisfying most of their members, as has been the case with the United Nations since 1970. "When Knowledge Is Power" is a wide-ranging work that will elicit interest from political scientists, organization theorists, bureaucrats, and students of management and international administration.


INTRODUCTION: Although the first cases of hearing loss after spinal anesthesia were reported 90 years ago, few anesthesiologists consider discussing the possibility of this complication with patients consenting for spinal anesthesia. The reported incidence of hearing loss after spinal anesthesia vary between 0.4 % (clinical deficit) and up to 92 % (audiometric testing). The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, degree and reversibility of hearing loss after spinal anesthesia. METHODS: After obtaining an informed consent, 30 patients, age 30-60, ASA 1 and 2, with no history of hearing loss, who underwent minor urological procedures, were enrolled in the study. All patient received 500 ml of 0.9% NaCl prior to spinal anesthesia and 1000 ml during the surgery. Three ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine was given at the L3-4 level, using 22-gauge Quincke needle in a lateral decubitus position. ENT examination and pure tone audiometry in the frequency range 250 Hz to 8000 Hz were done on the day before the procedure and the postoperative day 1 and 5. RESULTS: All patients had a normal audiometry exam on the day before the procedure. Mild hearing loss (defined as a loss of 10-20 dB at two or more frequences) was found in 6 patients on the first postoperative day. The low frequencies (250-500 Hz) were affected. The hearing loss was unilateral (in 4 patients) and bilateral (in 2 patients). Hearing recovered in all 6 patients on the fifth postoperative day. No patient was aware of a hearing deficit, and no patient developed a post-dural puncture headache. CONCLUSION: Our incidence of transient hearing loss after spinal anesthesia was 20% with no clinically noticable hearing loss. We suggest that the risks for transient hearing loss after spinal anesthesia should be discussed with patients. A large scale multicenter study using pure tone audiometry would give a better understanding of the incidence and the prognosis of postoperative hearing loss after spinal anesthesia. Key words: transient hearing loss ; spinal anesthesia ; pure tone audiometry


This volume contains a final and revised selection of papers presented at the Eighth Workshop on Intersection Types and Related Systems (ITRS 2016), held on June 26, 2016 in Porto, in affiliation with FSCD 2016.


The invention (A) ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide; Styrene-butadiene-styrene; Styrene-maleic anhydride; Styrene-methyl methacrylate; Thermoplastic polyurethane; Ethylene-vinyl acetate, and acrylic rubber; And 85-99 wt% resin selected from the group consisting of the mixture; (B) 4,5, - dichloro -2-n- octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (DCOIT) and 2-n- octyl-4-iso consisting of thiazol sleepy 3-one (OIT) fungicides selected from the group 1-15% by weight; It relates to a composition comprising a. Fungicides, plastic articles, isothiazoline, resins, bacteria, mold, fungus


OBJECTIVE: Analyze factors associated with unawareness of prenatal HIV serostatus among rooming in mothers submitted to the HIV rapid test. METHODS: Cross sectional study performed in 2006 in five Baby-Friendly Hospitals from the High-risk Pregnancy System in Rio de Janeiro city. The study population included 873 mothers who received prenatal care and underwent an HIV rapid test at the hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews applied to rooming in mothers. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance was conducted to examine the influence of maternal and familiar socio-demographic characteristics, pregnancy characteristics and prenatal care on the outcome, the lack of serologic status for HIV during prenatal care. RESULTS: Among the 873 mothers which had received prenatal care and underwent the HIV rapid test, 281 (32.2%) had unknown HIV status. After adjustment, low educational level (PR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.10-1.64), low-income mothers (PR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.15-1.81), low number of family assets (PR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.01-1.49), late onset of prenatal care (PR=1.53, 95%: 1,22-1,90), and low number of prenatal consultations (PR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.33-2.08) were risk factors for the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The main risk factor for the lack of knowledge of HIV serostatus of prenatal care was the low number of prenatal consultations. It is recommended, thus, the extension of the coverage of anti-HIV test during prenatal care, the early uptake of pregnant women, especially the low-income clientele, so that at least six prenatal consultations are performed in this period


Objective The current review was designed to explore if hypoalbuminemia is associated with increased complications in patients undergoing spinal degenerative and deformities surgeries. Methods The search for eligible studies was conducted on the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CENTRAL up to 20th June 2022. Complication rates were pooled to obtain odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results Thirteen studies were included. We found that hypoalbuminemia was significantly associated with increased risk of all complications (OR: 2.72 95% CI: 2.04, 3.63 I2 = 58% p < 0.00001), mortality (OR: 7.73 95% CI: 3.81, 15.72 I2 = 0% p < 0.00001), revision surgery (OR: 3.15 95% CI: 1.53, 6.48 I2 = 87% p = 0.002), readmissions (OR: 1.96 95% CI: 1.29, 2.98 I2 = 23% p = 0.02), surgical site infections (OR: 2.97 95% CI: 1.90, 4.63 I2 = 38% p < 0.00001), wound complications (OR: 2.31 95% CI: 1.17, 4.56 I2 = 48% p = 0.02), pulmonary complications (OR: 3.74 95% CI: 2.66, 5.26 I2 = 0% p < 0.00001), renal complications (OR: 3.04 95% CI: 1.22, 7.54 I2 = 0% p = 0.02), cardiac complications (OR: 4.33 95% CI: 2.14, 8.77 I2 = 0% p < 0.0001), urinary tract infections (OR: 2.08 95% CI: 1.80, 2.41 I2 = 0% p < 0.00001), and sepsis (OR: 4.95 95% CI: 1.87, 13.08 I2 = 64% p = 0.01) as compared to those with normal albumin. Conclusion Hypoalbuminemia is a significant risk factor for complications after spinal degenerative and deformity surgeries. Research is also needed on the role of nutritional support in improving outcomes after spinal degenerative and deformity surgeries. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022340024.


The present study was conducted on Ezemvelo Nature Reserve in the highveld grasslands of South Africa. The evidence for ecological separation between the black and blue wildebeest was investigated in an area with suboptimal habitat for both types of wildebeest. Habitat selection and separation of the black and blue wildebeest population were investigated at three main scales. A combination of logistic regression analysis, discriminant analysis and hypothesis testing techniques were used to determine whether habitat separation occurred between the black and blue wildebeest at the various scales. Seasonal, social group and weather influences on the habitat selection of both types of wildebeest were also investigated. Black and blue wildebeest showed resource partitioning in terms of habitat at the macro and mesoscales but not at the microscale. The preference for open areas by the black wildebeest and its more specialised territoriality were found to be the main driving factors contributing to the habitat separation of the two types of wildebeest. The population of black wildebeest was found to be decreasing while the blue wildebeest population was found to be increasing in the study area during the study period. Spatial overlap between the black and blue wildebeest was found to be low. Little evidence of interference interspecific competition between the black and blue


The psychiatric hospital for children and adolescents in Marsberg, Germany, encompasses a specialized tract for forensic treatment. Consisting of four forensic wards, it includes 24 beds for adolescents. A stepwise approach is applied, i.e., depending on their progress in therapy the adolescents live on different wards and are confronted with a more and more liberalized environment. This concept focuses on the needs of the target group: The hospital atmosphere accentuates the developmental aspects of forensic treatment and emphasizes the goal of successful social rehabilitation. Since 2002, around 100 adolescents have been treated or examined in our youth forensic psychiatry. The current study explores relationships between treatment duration, diagnoses, offenses and treatment outcome. Patients with successful outcome stayed longer compared to patients with negative outcome. Furthermore, they spent a relatively lower proportion of their stay on the station with higher safety standard.


We study the long-range directed polymer model on Z in a random environment, where the underlying random walk lies in the domain of attraction of an α-stable process for some α ∈ (0, 2]. Similar to the more classic nearest-neighbor directed polymer model, as the inverse temperature β increases, the model undergoes a transition from a weak disorder regime to a strong disorder regime. We extend most of the important results known for the nearest-neighbor directed polymer model on Z to the long-range model on Z. More precisely, we show that in the entire weak disorder regime, the polymer satisfies an analogue of invariance principle, while in the so-called very strong disorder regime, the polymer end point distribution contains macroscopic atoms and under some mild conditions, the polymer has a super-α-stable motion. Furthermore, for α ∈ (1, 2], we show that the model is in the very strong disorder regime whenever β > 0, and we give explicit bounds on the free energy. AMS 2010 subject classification: 60K35, 82D60, 82B44


Civil society carries different and multifaceted meanings and also changes according to historical progress and different philosophical views, the political meaning of the concept is the political development of societies and institutions and relations. Opinions are varying on the meaning of different civil society; the liberal mind emphasizes freedom and individuality in the development of civil society for the sake of individual well-being. But as the worldview of the liberal mind changes according to the differences in the direction of liberalism, conservative liberal intellectual thinkers believe in civil development of communities towards welfare by the condition of preserving civil values and norms, Liberal thinkers, who are governors of how and how to preserve those values and norms, are also different. (Edmund Burke) believes in the preservation of the natural aristocracy, (Alexis de Tocqueville) sees individualism as the basis of democracy in the spirit of the growth of civil society, and (Michael Oakeshott) believes that active liberal individual on the basis of adherence to behavior for the sake of harmony between law and behavior, shortening of the law interference, and daily individual activities can be the main factors of civil society which forgiveness and social harmony have been guaranteed.


Technological properties of the epoxy anticorrosion coating doped by nano-sized zinc powder were introduced.At the same time,corrosion electrochemical behavior,adhesive force and corrosion resistance were analyzed.The results show that addition of nano-sized zinc powder has a significant effect on anticorrosion performance of the coating.The electrochemical corrosion behavior has been improved remarkably as increasing of nano-sized zinc powder content,and the resistivity has been raised about two or three magnitude.When nano-sized zinc powder content is 20%,anticorrosion performance of the coating is best.


Chinese characters for foreign-related teaching as the second language teaching in Chinese language is an important part,its development and research of the whole teaching activities will have an important impact on,due to the difference in the alphabet writing Chinese characters has its own characteristics,teaching foreign Chinese characters has long been considered one of teaching Chinese as a foreign language with difficulty.From learning objects and characters to their own characteristics,and even to the analysis of the two aspects of Chinese characters "difficult" in where,on a summary of the Chinese character teaching method and foreign was put forward on the basis of foreign Chinese characters in the classroom teaching in some specific methods of operation can be practical,in order to expand foreign Chinese teaching,dissolve the Chinese characters with "difficult to learn" problem.


AbstractThe seasonal structure of the wind sea and swell is analyzed from the existing 29-yr surface gravity wave climatology produced using a coupled atmosphere–wave model. The swell energy fraction analysis shows that swell dominates most of the World Ocean basins for all four seasons, and the Southern Ocean swells dominate swell in the global ocean. The swells are loosely correlated with the surface wind in the midlatitude storm region in both hemispheres, while their energy distribution and propagation direction do not show any relation with local winds and vary significantly with season because of nonlinear interactions. The same coupled system is then used to investigate the projected future change in wind-sea and swell climate through a time-slice simulation. Forcing of the coupled model was obtained by perturbing the model sea surface temperatures and sea ice with anomalies generated by representative Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (C...


Deep reinforcement learning (RL) have shown remarkable success on a variety of tasks to learn from mistakes. To learn collision-free policies for unmanned vehicles, deep RL has been trained with various data modalities including RGB, depth images, LiDAR point clouds without the use of classic map-localize-plan approaches. However, to operate in constrained passages under subterranean environments, existing methods are suffered from degraded sensing conditions, such as smoke and other obscurants, that impairs observations from camera and LiDAR. We propose sim-to-real, LiDAR-tommWave (millimeter wave radar) input modality for deep RL to overcome the challenges. We show that the trained models are generalized from simulation to real world, as well as LiDAR to mmWave transferring, despite the low spatial resolution and noisy inputs. Evaluations are carried out in underground environments, including a basement floor and large-scale testbeds in the Tunnel and Urban Circuits of the DARPA Subterranean Challenge. We provide an open dataset of real-world data for further comparisons.


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to transporting samples of fluid mediums and/or rheological measurements to surface of division. According to one of versions the method consists in circulating heated fluid medium in the first region of the reservoir bed wherein a composition of heavy oil is present or considered present with implementation of a pump assembled on the surface and an installation for well completion containing a well pump and a sampling tool within the period of time and at consumption adequate for obtaining fluid composition of heavy oil; then sampling of fluid composition of heavy oil is performed by means of the sampling tool. EFFECT: facilitation of sampling from reservoir bed by means of device or its part used for supply of heat into reservoir bed region in question. 20 cl, 14 dwg


NADPH oxidase cytochrome b &&) consists of two subunits, gp91phox and p22-phox, defects of which result in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The nature of the interaction between these subunits has yet to be determined. Absence of p22-phox in autosomal CGD patient-derived B-cell lines results in detectable levels of an incompletely glycosylated gp91-phox precursor. We have detected this same precursor species in four cell lines from


Different vegetable crops were inoculated with single egg mass population of Meloidogyne incognita in order to determine the extent of morphometric and allometric variations. The different hosts influenced the female dimensions to a varied degree. Large and robust females were produced on highly susceptible plants like Trigonella foenum graecum, Pisum sativum and Coriandrum sativum while smaller females were produced on plants like Lycopersicon esculentum, cv Pelicum, L. pimpinellifolium (Red fruit), which are tolerant to nematode attack.


Summary: Extracellular field potential recordings were performed in the CA1 subfield of hippocampal slices obtained from Wistar rats aged 2–38 days. When the brain tissue was maintained at 35°–36°C (values obtained in the tissue chamber well), single‐shock orthodromic stimuli elicited a response in the stratum pyramidale that consisted of a single population spike. In contrast, when the temperature in the well was increased to levels >38.2°C for periods of 5–15 min, the same type of stimuli elicited an epileptiform response characterized by a 250‐ to 600‐ms‐long, positive‐going field potential with superimposed, multiple, negative‐going population spikes. This potential resembled the epileptiform response recorded in the hippocampal slice in the presence of convulsants such as penicillin or bicuculline. Once the temperature was restored to control values (i.e., 35°–36°C) after induction of epileptiform activity, the abnormal response could be observed for 2 h. In some experiments (approximately one third of the successful trials), spontaneous epileptiform discharges appeared during and persisted after the increase in temperature. The ability of the hyperthermic period to induce epileptiform changes was age dependent: Epileptiform activity outlasting the period of temperature elevation was not observed in slices obtained from rats aged <4 days or >28 days. Our data show that epileptiform activity can be induced by a transient increase in temperature and that the age of the animals from which slices are obtained plays an important role in the appearance of this phenomenon. Both characteristics indicate that this in vitro model of epileptiform activity might represent an experimental preparation suitable for studying the cellular and pharmacologic mechanisms underlying febrile convulsions. Knowledge of these mechanisms might help in designing better strategies for therapeutic management of such seizures.


Introduction:
 A range of findings on non-contrast CT (NCCT) have been found to predict hematoma expansion after spontaneous ICH, but it is unclear whether these findings predict peri-procedural bleeding. We explored whether any specific NCCT marker(s) predict pre- or post-surgical hematoma expansion events.

 Methods:
 NCCTs were reviewed for presence of black hole sign, blend sign, swirl sign, and island sign in the surgical cohort from the MISTIE-III trial which evaluated minimally invasive surgery plus alteplase in ICH >30 mL. Hematoma expansion was defined as any expansion ≥6 mL or 33% ICH volume increase during pre-surgical period (Model 1) from diagnostic CT (DiagCT) to 24 hours post DiagCT and from stability CT (StabCT) to 24 hours post last dose of alteplase (Model 2). Blend sign was removed from analysis due to small sample size. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of pre-op and post-op hematoma expansion.

 Results:
 Of 250 surgical subjects, 5 were excluded due to poor image quality. Expansion events occurred in 82 of 234 (35.0%) subjects in the pre-op interval and in 15 of 226 (7%) in the post-op interval. None of the markers were significant for pre-op expansion, but ICH volume and time from ictus to DiagCT were statistically significant predictors. Swirl sign, ICH volume, and posterior trajectory compared to lateral trajectory were independent predictors of post-op expansion events. Expansion volume pre-op and post-op were weakly associated with presence of swirl sign; Spearmans rho=0.3 p=0.065 and rho=0.60 p=0.047, respectively.

 Conclusion:
 This is the first analysis of impact of NCCT markers on re-bleeding post minimally invasive surgery from a large clinical trial. Despite an absence of association between NCCT markers and hematoma expansion in the pre-surgical period perhaps reflecting inclusion criteria for hemorrhage stability, swirl sign was associated with post-surgical rebleeding.


Electrokinetic remediation technology is one of the developing technologies that offers great promise for the cleanup of soils contaminated with heavy metals. However, the performance of an electrokinetic remediation system depends on the interaction of a complex set of interrelated system variables and parameters. Many of these interactions were addressed in this study by incorporating geochemical reactions into electrokinetic remediation modeling. A one-dimensional transport model was developed to predict the transport and speciation of heavy metals chromium, nickel, and cadmium in soil during electrokinetic remediation as a function of time and space. The model incorporates: 1 pH-dependent adsorption of contaminants to the soil surface; 2 sensitivity of soil surface potential and electroosmotic flow to the pore water properties; and 3 synergistic effects of multiple chemical species on electrokinetic remediation. The model considers that: 1 Electrical potential in the soil is constant with time; 2 surface complexation reactions are applicable in the highly concentrated clay suspensions; 3 the effect of temperature is negligible; and 4 dissolution of soil constituents is negligible. The predicted pH profiles, electroosmotic flow, and transport of chromium, nickel, and cadmium in kaolin soil during electrokinetic remedia- tion were found to reasonably agree with the bench-scale electrokinetic experimental results. The predicted contaminant speciation and distribution aqueous, adsorbed, and precipitated allow for an understanding of the transport processes and chemical reactions that control electrokinetic remediation.


Annotation. This article covers the easiest ways to learn a foreign language for the children at an early age. It includes activities that may interest children and teach them to think in English. If we use these methods in teaching young people, if we can increase their interest in learning the language, in the future they would not only become masters of their profession, but also have the opportunity to expand their abilities even more. The purpose of this article is to increase the interest of many people in learning a language with the help of taskbased learning approach and project-based learning approach.


In order to overcome the problem of traditional multi-resolution fuzzy clustering for image segmentation, a new method of multi-resolution fuzzy clustering for image segmentation based on type-2 fuzzy is proposed. The cluster center gotten by the low resolution image clustering, is the initial center for the higher resolution image. The object function of the higher resolution image is added by the maximum distances of intra-class in the low resolution image as a constraint of the low resolution image. The memberships of lower resolution images are extended. And the final membership is obtained by type-2 fuzzy fusion. Then the segmentation is finished by the final membership. The experimental results show that the target area of image can be segmented well by the proposed method. The ideal segmentation results are obtained.


In this article the authors show how open source software can be used as an instrument to tackle certain issues of the digital divide. This article elaborates the relationship between the digital divide, appropriate technology and open source. The authors present some aspects and possible building blocks that are to be taken into account for the successful and sustainable development and implementation of open source systems in institutions of higher learning in developing countries.The study is motivated by the context encountered in a development aid project with the aim to develop and implement an academic registration and information system (ARIS) for Mozambican universities. The ideas and findings presented here are based on a theoretical literature review in order to build a theoretical model of best practice in the context of North-South collaborations.


This brief proposes novel integrated GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with multichannel Schottky barrier diode (SBD) structures to achieve ultrahigh reverse conduction capability and maintain the blocking characteristic at the same time. The simulative results indicate that the reverse voltage drop and reverse ON-state resistance can be reduced by 38.6% and 38% compared with the traditional metal–insulator–semiconductor HEMT, respectively. Meanwhile, the forward conduction capability, the blocking performances, and the capacitance characteristics are little influenced. Moreover, it is proved that the proposed devices also exhibit superior dynamic performances, indicating the application potential of reducing the power loss of power electronic systems. Finally, the key fabrication flows for the novel devices are presented and discussed.


Abstract With the modernization of urban development, land resources are becoming increasingly scarce. A new type of building model comprising an underground depot and a superstructure has been constructed. To study the hybrid ventilation (HV) in interlayer of the underground depot with a superstructure under monorail line section fire, full-scale numerical simulation and reduced-scale (1:50) experiment were performed. Five ventilation velocities were used under a certain heat release rate. The temperature distribution and stratification in the interlayer were examined, and the movement of the fire smoke was analyzed. The smoke layer was visualized using a laser sheet and the smoke layer thickness determined by N-percentage rule (N = 10, 20, 30) was compared with the results of visual observation. At the same time, CFD simulations were conducted to measure the height of smoke layer and the smoke front propagation. Besides, the distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) in the interlayer was also simulated. The results show that N value of 30 could properly determine the smoke layer thickness in relatively stable stage of combustion. HV had a better effect on smoke control than natural ventilation (NV) did. At a ventilation velocity of 1.4 m/s, the smoke layer in the interlayer remained in a steady state until its exclusion from the building. CO could be effectively controlled and did not spread all over the interlayer in HV systems. The structure of HV system can be adjusted according to the actual conditions of the various sizes and types of buildings. Thus, the HV system shows good adaptability and can be directly applied to the design and installation of new buildings such as underground garages and depots. The results of the fire dynamic simulations and experimental tests exhibited considerable agreement.


In the paper, we demonstrate that different types of communities related to the base group identification (kins, tribes, clans, peoples, ethnic groups, nationalities, nations) may be constructed as the products of ideological actions of local elites. This may well explain why in the modern times national identification undergoes the serious crisis. The principles of grouping the human beings change due to tremendously increased Earth population and ideological narratives creating these social groups, change as well. The ideological nature of national identification provides a satisfactory explanation of the shift from ideologies addressed to the national communities, to ideologies created for 'everyday citizens.'


Abstract : The effects of alpha/beta interface phase on room temperature tensile properties in Ti-6Al-4V having an equiaxed primary alpha microstructure have been studied systematically. Due to conditions under which it grows, manipulation of interface phase width results in alteration of the volume fraction of primary alpha in the alloy. Tensile yield strength and elongation were correlated to interface phase width and volume fraction primary alpha. The relative individual influence of each of these microstructural features on properties is not unambiguously clear, but evidence indicates that yield strength increases with increasing interface phase width when the interface phase exceeds about 2500 angstrom and elongation decreases with increasing interface phase width when the interface phase is less than about 2500 angstrom.


The maximum ductility demand and the edge displacement of a simple single mass eccentric model is evaluated when the system is subjected to ground motions represented by the El Centro 1940 and Taft 1952 earthquake records. The resisting elements are taken to be bilinear hysteretic. It is found that the ductility demand depends to a great extent on the energy content of the ground motions, particularly in the period range beyond the elastic period of the system. Unlike elastic response, the coincidence of uncoupled torsional and lateral frequencies does not lead to exceptionally high inelastic response. An increase by a factor of two in ductility demand is not uncommon for a system with large eccentricity as compared to a symmetrical system. Therefore, system eccentricity has a larger effect on ductility demand than earlier studies indicated. Using Clough's model to allow for stiffness degradation effect, results are found to be within 20 per cent of those calculated based on the bilinear hysteretic model.


This paper reflects on a user-centered design methodology for requirements elicitation at early stages of a
design process for Learning Analytics tools. This methodology may be used as a domain specific instrument
to elicit user perspectives about the communicational aspects of learning analytics dashboards. The focus of
this work is identifying ways to communicate the data analysis findings in a way that is easily perceptible
and facilitates actionable decision making. We present the structure as well as the logic behind the design of
this instrument. As a case study, the paper describes an implementation of this methodology in the context of
school-wide analytics communicating to stakeholders quality indicators through summarising and visualising
data collected through student and parent surveys. We provide high-level and transferable recommendations
derived from the analysis of the workshop with key stakeholders and identify future improvements in our
methodology.


With the rapid development of raising pig industries, the new vigor is produced, but the relative problems also were disclosed gradually, such as environment conservation, product security and efficiency, especially continuious occurrence of plague seriously hinder the development of raising pig industries. In the article, the exploration on health care program and scheme to pig farms was explained.


The invention relates to acetophenones with a fluoroalkyl-substituted aromatic nucleus. Said acetophenones are produced in an advantageous, environmentally friendly and effective manner from fluoroalkylanilines and acetaldoxime whereby an appropriate diazonium salt solution is obtained from a fluoroalkylaniline; said solution is reacted with acetaldoxime in the presence of at least one copper compound without adding buffer salts and reducing agents; reaction occurs between 20 and 50 DEG C in the presence of halogenide ions; and the reaction product is subsequently heated to a temperature ranging from 70-100 DEG C.


In this paper we study the relationship between bit-per-pixel (bit/pixel), resolution and video quality based on H.264. First, we choose 4 most representative 1920x1080 progressive sequences depending on the TI and SI of them. Then, we process these sequences into 5 kinds of resolution and encode these sequences to 6 kinds of bit-per-pixel. Next we calculate SSIM between damaged sequence and original sequence. Finally, according to the relationship between SSIM and MOS, we propose a model that reflects the relationship between bit-per-pixel, resolution, and video quality. The model in this paper shows that when the resolution is unchanged, video quality rises as BPP increased, when the BPP is unchanged, video quality rises as the resolution increased.


To explore whether the risk of incident tibiofemoral (TF) osteoarthritis (OA) in the radiographically normal contralateral knee of overweight/obese women with unilateral knee OA is mediated by malalignment and/or preceded by increased turnover of subchondral bone.


The study investigated the association between fathers' involvement with children's delay of gratification under the condition of mothers' involvement and children's age to be controlled,as well as the moderating role of gender between them. 92 healthy children aged between 35 to 74 months were measured with waiting paradigm for delay of gratification. Their parents were measured with Father Involvement Questionnaire and Mother involvement Questionnaire for father's involvement and mother's involvement respectively. The results showed that:( 1) three aspects of fathers ' involvement —— interaction,accessibility and responsibility —— significantly predicted children's delay of gratification;( 2) gender played a moderating role between fathers' involvement and children' s delay of gratification in that for boys,fathers' interaction and responsibility significantly predicted the delay of gratification,whereas for girls,no moderating effect was observed.


Although it has been proven that systems for integrating energy flows of different businesses are technically possible, economically profitable and environmentally sound, few such systems have been realized in Norway. This paper shows that other aspects must be considered, and argues that such infrastructures should be understood as sociotechnical. We studied a regional cluster in Norway, Kviamarka, and how the businesses successfully integrated energy flows by integrating production processes in the energy system. The surplus heat, cooling water and CO2 output that are byproducts of several companies in the cluster are used by other companies in the cluster, which makes it more energy-efficient. This case showed how integrating companies' energy flows involve a material and structural bridging of the companies and a focus on the mutual trust and interdependence of the actors in order to establish and maintain a collective energy system. Establishing a system for synergizing energy flows involved solving issues regarding negotiation of roles and responsibilities as well as context-specific issues. We also report on findings from the project INTERACT, in which we studied sociotechnical issues in synergizing energy flows through different situations and scenarios. To study context-specific issues in other initiatives for creating energy-efficient systems, we developed a scenario typology. The scenarios are defined not by the technical properties of the system but by how the actors are bound together by the energy infrastructure and how that affects their respective roles and responsibilities. The typology highlights different core challenges and possibilities related to different socio-technical systems. The rationale behind energy efficiency is based on the idea that different flows of energy (surplus heat, cold etc.) can be synergized by connecting different actors. Thus, the potential for innovation lies in how actors are organized and use their complementary energy resources. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of RERC 2014.


To elucidate protein-folding mechanisms, it is important to detect and characterize a kinetic folding intermediate(s) accumulated transiently during folding. We have studied the folding process of proteins by stopped-flow solution X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation to characterize molecular size and shape of the intermediates. We have previously shown that it is possible to improve dramatically the signal-to-noise ratio of time-resolved X-ray scattering measurement by use of a two-dimensional charge-coupled device (CCD)-based X-ray detector and that the data obtained by the detector are coincident with those obtained by a position-sensitive proportional counter after corrections for distortion of images, non-uniformity of sensitivity and contrast reduction of an X-ray image intensifier [1,2]. Using these techniques, here we measured a kinetic refolding reaction of α-lactalbumin (α-LA). α-LA is a monomeric globular protein with molecular weight of 14,200, and is one of the best-studied proteins in protein folding studies. It has been known that α-LA forms a partially folded intermediate called a "molten globule state" at equilibrium and that it accumulates a kinetic folding intermediate resembling the molten globule state [3]. To characterize the molecular size and shape of the kinetic intermediate, we measured the kinetic refolding of α-LA by the stopped-flow X-ray scattering technique using the CCD-based X-ray detector. The X-ray scattering experiments were performed at BL15A in Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. Data were obtained at intervals of 10 ms, 100 ms, 500 ms, and 1 s. The same experiments were performed three times to check reproducibility of the measurement. The results show that a radius of gyration of the kinetic folding intermediate of α-LA accumulated within the dead time of the measurement (10 ms) is the same as that of the equilibrium molten globule state. Moreover, Kratky plots of the kinetic and equilibrium intermediates are coincident with each other (Figure 1). These data indicate that the kinetic folding intermediate of α-LA is equivalent with the equilibrium molten globule state in terms of the molecular size and shape. The rate constant of refolding reaction subsequent to the formation of the molten globule-like intermediate is coincident with that measured by stopped-flow circular dichroism [4]. This indicates that formation of secondary structure and molecular compaction of α-LA take place simultaneously after the formation of the intermediate. Furthermore, in this process we observed the small decrease (~10%) in a forward scattering intensity (I(0)). The I(0) value depends on the square of the difference in electron density between solute and solvent [5]. If the density of hydrated water molecules is different from that of bulk water [6], the decrease in I(0) we observed can be due to dehydration of water molecules around hydrophobic side-chains of the intermediate during formation of specific side-chain packing.


(Note: With the exception of the correction of typographical or spelling errors that could be a source of ambiguity, letters and reports are not edited. The original formatting of letters and referee reports may not be reflected in this compilation.) Thank you again for submitting your work to Molecular Systems Biology. We have now heard back from the three referees who agreed to evaluate your manuscript. As you will see from the reports below, the referees find the topic of your study of potential interest. They raise, however, substantial concerns on your work, which, I am afraid to say, preclude its publication in its present form. Broadly, the reviewers appreciated the goals of this work; however, all three reviewers clearly felt that the drug interaction predictions required more rigorous, independent testing and validation. The last reviewer felt that this would require comparisons to additional independent datasets, and the second reviewer specifically suggests using the clinical data from which the prescribed DDI prevalences were estimated. The first reviewer was far more critical, but his/her concerns largely emphasize the need for additional independent clinically-relevant validation of these predictions. The editor would like to stress these concerns, and the apparent agreement between the reviewers. The editor acknowledges that the first reviewer's report is rather bluntly worded, but I think s/he raises some valuable points that require serious consideration. You emphasize that these DDI predictions can be used as clinically-relevant "recommendations", and you write that the web tool, "may aid physicians and researchers to exploit INDI's predictions in the clinical practice." Since these predictions do not account for dosages, and may not distinguish therapeutically beneficial drug synergies from adverse combination effects, the actual clinical action merited for each combination, even when a DDI is likely, will often be unclear. Substantial caution is merited in this regard, since, as the first reviewer points out, a direct reading of these predictions by physicians could lead to the avoidance of potentially effective drug combinations in clinical practice. During the cross-commenting period, a reviewer also noted the recent publication by Tatonetti et al


A premature truncation (R255X) in
 MYBPHL
 associates with human dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and arrhythmias. Loss of
 Mybphl
 in mice causes DCM and arrhythmia.
 MYBPHL
 encodes myosin binding protein H-like (MyBP-HL) and is expressed highly in the atria. We hypothesize that MyBP-HL is required for proper conduction system function. Immunofluorescence microscopy on normal human atria showed MyBP-HL staining in all atrial cardiomyocytes with a sarcomere A-band pattern. Atria from the heterozygous (het)
 MYBPHL
 R255X mutant carrier lacked MyBP-HL staining. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from the het
 MYBPHL
 R255X carrier and control cell lines were also examined. MyBP-HL was found in a subset of control cardiomyocytes, whereas R255X cells showed no MyBP-HL, suggesting that the R255X allele exerts a dominant-negative effect on the normal
 MYBPHL
 allele. Immunofluorescence microscopy in wild-type (WT) mouse ventricles identified MyBP-HL-positive ventricular cardiomyocytes that co-localized with the ventricular conduction system marker contactin-2 near the atrioventricular node and in a subset of Purkinje fibers.
 Mybphl
 het ventricles have 10% as many MyBP-HL-positive cells compared to WT. Surface telemetry revealed atrioventricular block and atrial bigeminy and intracardiac pacing revealed a shorter atrial relative refractory period and inducible atrial tachycardia in
 Mybphl
 -null mice. Ca
 2+
 transients measured with confocal microscopy revealed that isolated
 Mybphl
 -null atrial cardiomyocytes had an increased occurrence of triggered Ca
 2+
 waves and more heterogenous Ca
 2+
 release than WT controls. Super-resolution microscopy revealed ryanodine receptor disorganization in
 Mybphl
 het and null atrial cardiomyocytes compared to WT controls. Abnormal Ca
 2+
 release, shorter atrial refractory period, and dilated atria could account for the observed atrial arrhythmias, bigeminy, and atrial tachycardia.


Manufacturers recommendations for cleaning suction tips may be inadequate, resulting in residual debris even after cleaning, according to a new study.


We propose a novel demosaicking method for multispectral filter arrays based on a deep convolutional neural network. The proposed method first interpolates mosaicked multispectral images utilizing a bilinear approach, then applies a residual network to initial demosaicked images. The residual network consists of various three-dimensional convolutional layers and a rectified linear unit for describing the features of a multispectral data cube. Experimental results reveal that the proposed method outperforms conventional demosaicking methods.


Partial melting is likely to have occurred throughout much of the moon due to heating during accretion and the volumetric heating of radioactive isotopes. Important problems that have received relatively little attention concern the migration of the resulting magmas to form surface or near surface volcanic rock. In the paper the basic mechanism for the migration of the magma through the lunar asthenosphere is considered. A porous flow model is proposed. The magma behaves like a liquid flowing through a porous matrix. The volume fraction of liquid present determines the saturated porosity. The differential buoyancy of the magma drives it upwards. It is shown that the per cent partial melt in the lunar interior will only slightly exceed that required to provide interconnecting porosity. Assuming that the radioactive isotopes are preferentially segregated into the magma, the time dependence of the partial melting of the lunar interior is found. It is shown that the total degree of partial melting of the deep lunar interior is likely to be between five and ten per cent.


The main objective of this research was to study the implementation gap in the field of Faba bean production among farmers in Elhamol District – Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, through achievement the following specific objectives: determining the implementation gap of respondents in the field of Faba bean production, also determining independent variables affecting respondents implementation gap, and identifying the main reasons of the implementation gap. A well prepared and pretested questionnaire was used to collect data for this research, through personal interviews a systematic sample consisted of 169 respondent in El-Karn, El-Bana, and Shark El-Banawn villages, El-Hamol districts, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate. Frequencies, Percentages, arithmetic mean, Standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient and multiple correlation and regression analysis (step-wise) were used to analyze data statistically. The most important findings of this study are as follow: • The implementation gap in the field of Faba bean production was ranged between high and moderate for 88.76% of the respondents. • Al the independent variables of this study explained about 57.5% of the variation of the implementation gap in the field of Faba bean production. • The results indicated the importance of the awareness of technical recommendations in the field of Faba bean production (51%), awareness of agricultural in novations (2.2%), frequent visits to urban Centers (1.7%), and education (1.7%) as the more effective variables in the implementation gap of Faba bean production. • The main reasons of the implementation gap in the field of Faba bean production are: the lack of right knowledge about technical recommendations about Faba bean production its benefits and application, unavailability of enough recommendations related to Faba bean production, a lack of needed nodulation, and high prices of chemical fertilizers.


Background: Increasing attention is being focused on the costs of healthcare and the need for cost-effective treatments. Drugs for schizophrenia have not escaped this scrutiny, especially now that several new agents are available, with acquisition costs substantially higher than for established therapies. However, most of the existing evaluations of new drugs for schizophrenia have weak designs, either comparing health care costs before and after introduction of the new drug, or being based on modelling approaches incorporating numerous assumptions. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to discuss and resolve the key design issues in the planning of a prospective randomized trial to assess the socio-economic impact of a new atypical antipsychotic (quetiapine). Methods: Key methodological issues were identified and discussed in the context of the economic evaluation being planned. These were patient recruitment and entry criteria, selection of comparator drug, blinding of doctor and patient, range of socio-economic outcomes, length of follow-up and sample size. Results: The resulting economic evaluation, the ESTO study, was an international multi-centre randomized controlled trial, with concurrent data collection for a wide range of clinical, economic and quality of life outcomes. The trial had a pragmatic design, enrolling patients experiencing an acute exacerbation on existing therapy. In addition to the presenting exacerbation, patients must have had at least one hospitalization or documented evidence of exacerbation within the previous three years. On admission to the study, existing psychotic medication was withdrawn prior to randomization to quetiapine or haloperidol. Doses of both drugs were titrated up to an optional dose, with flexibility for additional increases if required. Both patients and doctors were blinded to treatment allocations, on the grounds that, since quetiapine was still in development, unblinded assessments of efficacy would not be credible. Patients were followed for 1 year, irrespective of whether they withdrew from study medication. A wide range of socio-economic outcomes was assessed, including costs falling on the healthcare sector, other agencies and the family. In addition data were collected on patients' earnings and quality of life, measured by the Short-Form 36 health profile. Data were also collected on a range of clinical measures, such as