Surface air temperatures (SAT) from three Alaskan weather stations in a north–south section (Barrow, Nome, and St. Paul) show that on a decadal scale, the correlation among the stations changed during the past century. Before the 1960s, Barrow and Nome were dominated by Arctic air masses and St. Paul was dominated by North Pacific maritime air masses. After the 1960s, the SAT correlation in winter between Barrow and St. Paul increased from 0.2 to 0.7 and between Nome and St. Paul from 0.4 to 0.8, implying greater north–south penetration of both air masses. The correlation change in the winter of the Barrow–St. Paul pair is significant at a 95% confidence level. The Nome–St. Paul pair in spring also shows some of this characteristic change in correlation. Relatively stable, high correlations are found among the stations in the fall; correlations are low in the summer. Our study shows a change in the climatological structure of the Bering Sea in the late twentieth century, at present of unknown origin and occurring earlier than the well‐known 1976/1977 shift. These climatological results further support the concept that the southeast Bering Sea ecosystem may have been dominated by Arctic species for most of the century, with a gradual replacement by sub‐Arctic species in the last 30 years. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.


Abstract The objective of fair trade to achieve economic justice through markets depends on establishing, via moral education, bonds of solidarity between Northern consumers and impoverished Southern producers. Moral education is increasingly realised by commercial brands who take advantage of the opportunities offered by social media. This article analyses the discursive construction of solidarity in the brand communication of Pukka (UK) and Pizca del Mundo (Poland) on Facebook. It identifies 3 discourses of solidarity: 'solidarity through legitimation', which presents the rationale for solidarity with Southern producers; 'solidarity through affinity', which constructs a moral economy between Southern producers and Northern consumers; and 'solidarity through lifestyle', which proposes everyday actions that can be undertaken by consumers to support Southern producers. These discourses are employed by the brands to different extents, with Pizca del Mundo attempting to establish a fair trade market in Poland and Pukka with an aim to increase sales of their fair trade products. The article concludes that primarily the discourses of 'solidarity through legitimation' and 'solidarity through affinity' serve moral education whose objective is to generate sustained commitment towards Southern producers as distant others.


The construction and functionality of an RC toy helicopter was studied and analyzed using Reverse Engineering (RE). The electronic circuitry was modified by adding an inertial measurement (IMU) unit and Arduino processor in order to collect flight data. The multi-inputs and multi-outputs (MIMO) data set is composed of motor voltages (as the system inputs) and linear accelerations and angular velocities (as system outputs). The data is then processed and transferred to a computer where System Identification Toolbox in MATLAB is used to develop transfer functions for the MIMO helicopter system. The transfer function models are validated by comparing the identified model results with the actual measurements. Simulation results validate the methodology used.


STEM education provides students with interdisciplinary knowledge to improve problem-solving ability. The purpose of this study is to explore whether students could achieve the goal of STEM education by mobile learning. This study developed a mobile application which was named Borrowing Your Enemy's Arrows to support mobile learning about science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). According to the textbooks for Grades 5-7,the teaching content of the APP was designed to help students get a better grasp of teaching contents and to help teachers save time in preparing classes. The central narrative,like cartoon or the dialogue of cartoon is used for APP to bridge the teaching contents. Therefore,learners can construct a real-life situation by App. To inspire learners' interest in STEM courses, the APP used games to test how well students did in learning. A shipbuilding task with the narrative background was set to improve learners' skills and interest in engineering learning. The educator could make the assessment of learners based on all their performance in the process of learning, including the design sketches, final products, the messages from students and the grade of game. For the purpose of improving the APP, teachers and students were interviewed to investigate users' feedback in this study.


Industrially prepared wheat starch granules were stained with the fluorochrome Nile Blue A, and subjected to digestion with human saliva. Using a confocal microscope, the degradation of two granules was recorded in sets of optical sections gathered over a seven hour period. Each set of these optical sections was digitally processed to produce a reconstructed 3 dimensional image of the starch granules. Using this technique it was therefore possible to follow the internal and external digestion of each wheat starch granule in real time.


Disclosed includes a lithium manganese oxide spinel type lithium manganese oxide having a layered structure expressed lossy doses greater during overcharge at a high voltage, 4.45 V or more high voltage positive potential as a reference by in to activate relates additional high-capacity lithium secondary batteries having a uniform profile (profile) in all SOC regions with can provide a lithium for use in the 3V region of the spinel type lithium manganese oxide . The The present invention comprises a mixed positive electrode active material containing lithium manganese oxide of spinel type lithium manganese oxide and the layered structure, by charging with the high voltage, the safety is improved, the particular SOC no output shortage problem due to the rapid voltage drop in the region, it is possible to realize a battery having a high capacity available SOC section is widely improved safety. .FIELD 1


1. The Bowman-Birk soya-bean trypsin inhibitor (BBTI) begins to cause pancreatic enlargement and increased enzymic activity in the pancreas of chicks after a minimum of 7 d of feeding. 2. The active inhibitory site of BBTI against trypsin is the factor involved in the pancreatic enlargement and increase of pancreatic nzesyme activity in chicks.


The East Scotia Ridge is an active back-arc spreading centre located to the west of the South Sandwich island arc in the South Atlantic Ocean, consisting of nine main segments, E1 (north) to E9 (south). Major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope compositions are presented, together with water contents, for lavas sampled along the active ridge axis. Magmatism along the East Scotia Ridge is chemically heterogeneous, but there is a common mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-type source component for all the magmas. An almost unmodified MORB-source mantle appears to underlie the central part of the back-arc. Subduction components are found at the northern and southern ends of the ridge, and there is a marked sediment melt input of up to 2% in segment E4. Enriched (plume) mantle is present beneath segment E2 at the northern end of the ridge, suggesting that plume mantle is flowing westward around the edges of the subducting slab. The southern part of segment E8 is unique in that its magma source is similar to sub-arc depleted mantle.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to survey UAE legislative initiatives affecting whistleblowing. Many studies claim that whistleblowing is one of the most effective mechanisms in fighting corruption. Either done merely to satisfy regulatory requirements or in genuine efforts to counter internal fraud, many organizations around the world incorporate whistleblowing programs. However, a lack of comprehensive whistleblower protection remains the main impediment for reporting misconduct or wrongdoing. A country's legislative framework and its cultural and socio-economic specifics impact the effectiveness of such protective measures. Moreover, in the absence of comprehensive, stand-alone whistleblowing laws, whistleblowers can become victims not only of employers' retaliatory actions but also of criminal and civil charges.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper surveys the UAE law and regulations in regard to whistleblower protection. It also raises concerns regarding their effectiveness based on the county's unique socio-economic and cultural environment and their interplay with other legislations, which can potentially make whistleblowing a criminal offense.

Findings
In the absence of stand-alone whistleblowing legislation, cultural aspects and other laws can serve as deterrents for whistleblowers. It is crucial for a jurisdiction to set up an effective legal and regulatory framework to enable synergy across different laws and agencies involved. Implementation of comprehensive, stand-alone whistleblowing legislation might help provide legal certainty and clarity.

Research limitations/implications
In the absence of empirical studies on UAE whistleblowing, the researcher primarily relied on English translations of the country's laws and regulations, official press releases and English media sources.

Practical implications
This study introduces relevant background to organizations establishing their own whistleblowing policies and employee training.

Originality/value
This paper examines the effectiveness of whistleblowing legislative initiatives through the prism of the country's cultural, socio-economic and legal environment.


This paper has a methodological character and tries to interrelate primary oral health care with the family physician and nurse. It is mainly supported by the basic working groups, which are organizational units that manage primary health care with an assistance, teaching and investigative approach. The concept of the family physician and nurse and their articulation with the stomatologist at the primary care level are deeply analyzed. General aspects connected with the composition and structure of the basic working groups, the health institutions with dental care, and with the levels of attention and services are dealt with according to their complexity. The activities carried out by the stomatologist in the community, at the polyclinic, the dental clinic, and the hospital are stressed. The experiences and prospects of dental care are exposed. To achieve this interrelation it is necessary to have a stomatologist taking part in the training and upgrading process of the specialist in Comprehensive General Medicine, as well as in the planning, organization, management, and control related to the fulfillment of the objectives of the National Program of Comprehensive Dental Care to the Population.


In this paper, we introduce and study a new notion of functions in ideal topological spaces known as rarely regular weakly ideal (rarely \(rwI\)-) continuous functions and investigate some of their properties. This type of continuity is a generalization of rarely \(rw\)-continuity.


In this sensor, we demonstrate the developing and testing of fiber optic sensors intended to detect acoustic waves. The sensor is based on a novel design housing a thin silica diaphragm and a single mode fiber in an extrinsic Fabry- Perot interferometric structure. The designed sensor is tested for different applications including the detection of the partial discharges inside a power transformer. The test results indicate that the designed sensor can detect acoustic signals with high sensitivity at frequency as high as 200 kHz.


Calyptraeotheres garthi (Fenucci, 1975) is one of nine species of Pinnotheridae occurring in Argentina and the only species of that genus located in this region. This species can be found from the San Matias Gulf, Argentina to Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil where it lives in symbiotic association with limpets of the family Calyptraeidae. Currently, two species of limpets have been reported as hosts of this species: Crepidula protea (d'Orbigny, 1841) and Crepidula argentina Simone, Pastorino & Penchaszadeh, 2000. We report here four more species of limpets serving as hosts of C. garthi, namely Bostrycapulus odites Collin, 2005, Crepidula cachimilla Cledon, Simone & Penchaszadeh, 2004, Crepidula plana Say, 1822 and Trochita pileus (Lamarck, 1822). Thus, this pinnotherid appears to be, as others members of the family, a generalist symbiotic species since it dwells on almost all the potential limpet species reported for Argentina. However, there are notable differences in prevalence of C. garthi on each host, which suggest that the symbiont might prefer species of Crepidula over the others genera (Trochita and Bostrycapulus). Additionally, there exists an apparent relationship between host size and prevalence (e.g., Crepidula cachimilla, the limpet with the highest prevalence, is clearly larger than the others hosts). Perhaps it is premature to conclude that the size of the host might be of benefit for the symbiont, but it is a hypothesis worthy of being explored.


Australia's Indigenous peoples represent 2.5% of the national population but this number is increasing at a faster rate than the national average of other demographic groups. The history of the Indigenous peoples is one of dispossession and displacement, and a loss of cultures and languages. Access to and participation in education at all levels, but especially higher education, holds the key to the full integration of this group in Australia's civic and political life and the nation's growth and development. Inspired by the call from Pope John Paul II to establish a new society for indigenous peoples, Australian Catholic University, in keeping with the social justice tradition of the Catholic Church, has sought to widen the access to and encourage the participation of Indigenous students in its courses and the promotion of Indigenous perspectives in the University curriculum. The university has recommitted itself to ensuring that Australia's Indigenous peoples have access to the University and are provided with the support and encouragement to facilitate successful completes of the courses they undertake. This article explores the issue of access with an in-depth case study.


Abstract WNT5A is a secreted, noncanonical WNT signaling protein that has been reported to promote progression of several types of cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. Many WNT5A antibodies are available commercially for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Validation of the primary antibodies, however, is often neglected. We characterized antibodies for detecting WNT5A by IHC and western blot analysis. We evaluated one polyclonal and three monoclonal commercially available WNT5A antibodies. After optimization of the IHC assay, all four antibodies showed cytoplasmic WNT5A expression in tissue samples; in contrast, only one antibody detected WNT5A in western blots. A pre-absorption test with recombinant WNT5A showed that AF645 and 3A4 antibodies specifically detected WNT5A in different assays. We suggest that the monoclonal 3A4 antibody is the most appropriate for use with IHC, while the polyclonal AF645 antibody is the best for western blot analysis.


Pr < F(4) = 2 > = 1.33583333334 E 02 AUTHOR in about one second. (The significant figures would ordinarily be truncated to fit the data.) Dr. Kyung S. Park; Professor; Dep't of Industrial Science; KAIST; To check the numerical validity, the Pr{F(4) = 2} was POBox 150, Chongyang; Seoul, KOREA handcalulatd. Let"0" denote a success and "1" a t,Kyung S. Park: For biography see, TR85-015 IEEE Trans. Reliabilihand alc te Let dntasucsad"1 a vol R-34, in this issue, p 520. failure. Then, since there are (4) = 6 ways to produce 2 failures in 4 trials, Pr{F(4) = 2} = Pr{ 1 100 + 1010 + * @ Manuscript TR85-030 received 1985 April 3; revised 1985 August 28. + 0011} = (0.1)(0.05)(0.966)(0.975) + ... + (0.9)(0.95)(0.0333)(0.025) = 0.0133583, which coincides


"Jin Yunu bang da bo qing lang ",one of the most famous pieces of Feng Menglong's Sanyan vividly describes the bad image of the husband Moji.However,different from other bad ones,the author put a good end to it.This article analyses the causes of Moji's bad deeds and the happy ending and makes some reflections like why he could get such good treatment,aiming to obtain some inspirations.


In the past, recycled aggregate was used very limitedly in low value-added areas such as the base layer of roads. However, in response to the shortage of natural aggregate, high consciousness of resource saving and changed idea on environment, the quality of recycled aggregate has been improved considerably, and the percentage of recycled construction waste is increasing every year compared to simple landfill or incineration. Recently the Act on the Promotion of Construction Waste Recycling was enacted on December 2003 for the efficient use of recycled aggregate, and the Standards for the Quality of Recycled Aggregate for Concrete (Proposal) were announced in order to use and manage recycled aggregate according to quality. According to the Standards for the Quality of Recycled Aggregate for Concrete (Proposal), it is recommended to substitute recycled coarse aggregate and fine aggregate below 30% each. However, compared to the trend of recycling, the recycling rate of aggregate is still quite low. It is because of low performance of recycled aggregate, users` lack of understanding, etc. These problems basically come from the decrease of strength of recycled concrete resulting from the use of recycled aggregate, and recycled aggregate is still considered not reliable because there have been not many cases of actual application. If the basic problem of strength decrease is solved and data on recycled aggregate is provided through actual field placing, we may maximize the use of recycled aggregate. Thus, in order to maximize the use of recycled aggregate that satisfy the recycled aggregate quality standards, the present study made a mock-up similar to real structures, evaluated its performance and examined the field applicability of recycled aggregate concrete.


Patient autonomy is a fundamental principle in end of life decision making. However, its realisation may take a variety of forms. Discourse analysis was conducted in a qualitative interview study of 19 physicians. The physicians made use of three different discourses, each of which contained a specific understanding of patient autonomy and a physician's proper activities in the context of end of life decision making.


Relations between magnetism and morphology in submonolayer films of Fe(110) on W(110) were studied using spin polarized electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. Films prepared at 600 K form monolayer stripes along with the W steps; they are ferromagnetic with ${T}_{c}$ slowly decreasing from 225 K near $\ensuremath{\theta}=1 \mathrm{to} 180$ K near $\ensuremath{\theta}=0.1$. The decrease scales with $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\theta}}$. Films prepared at 300 K nucleate by islands which start to coalesce near $\ensuremath{\theta}=0.6$. For $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\le}0.58$, they are superparamagnetic at $T\ensuremath{\ge}115$ K. In a narrow $\ensuremath{\theta}$ range of only 2%, magnetic percolation occurs, resulting in ferromagnetism with ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\ge}190$ K for $\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\ge}0.60$.


...................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 9 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................. 10 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Survival benefit after palliative gastrectomy ........................................................................ 12 Survival benefit according to metastasis location ................................................................. 13 Peritoneal metastasis ......................................................................................................... 13 Liver metastasis ................................................................................................................. 14 Prognostic factors in patients submitted to palliative gastrectomy ....................................... 15 Symptom relief with palliative gastrectomy ......................................................................... 16 Effects of palliative gastrectomy on Quality of Life (QoL) ................................................. 16 Postoperative morbidity and mortality ................................................................................. 17 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 19 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 22 References ................................................................................................................................ 23 Palliative Gastrectomy for Stage IV Gastric Cancer: a systematic review


The $^{3}T_{1\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and $^{3}A_{1\ensuremath{\mu}}$ adiabatic potential energy surfaces of ${\mathrm{T}1}^{+}$-type impurities in alkali halides have been computed taking into account the spin-orbit interaction and the linear and quadratic Jahn-Teller interactions with ${E}_{g}$ vibrational modes. Effects of ${T}_{2g}$ modes are assumed to be negligible. The inclusion of the quadratic effect leads to tetragonal nondegenerate $T$ minima with underlying trap levels, besides $X$ minima and their trap level already predicted for the linear Jahn-Teller effect. This level scheme is required in order to explain many experimental features concerning ${A}_{T}$ and ${A}_{X}$ emissions.


Abstract This article addresses and explores hip-hop's reclamation of space using transit as a public bulletin. It is situated within counter-publics discourse and couched in the theoretical frameworks offered by visual rhetorical theory. This article also discusses hip-hop counter-publics through guerrilla advertising by former graffiti artists, SKI and 2ESAE.


The phenomenon of internally directed lay support groups is a notable one. Health benefits of such groups are intuited through their rapid growth, by anecdotal reports, and by increasing professional recommendations to use them as part of a treatment or posttreatment plan of care. There is limited scientific information showing how such groups are effective in creating support and fostering better health. This article suggests that one answer is through the creation of a common culture, and the author appropriately uses ethnographic methods to analyze the cultural process and suggest why it is of value to participants in one support group for families of children with mental health needs. I would like to comment on the use of culture as a lens through which to understand the support group phenomenon and extend that commentary to the ethnographic method as used to identify this particular culture. Exploring a support group as a culture identifies the imbedded beliefs and the particular norms, rules, and expressions shared. A cultural perspective can suggest reasons for the group's effectiveness and limitations. The description of this group's culture shows that it does more than bring people with like needs together. It creates a community within which there is both stability and dynamic change. The stability of shared ideology and forms provides connectedness (as long as a member does not deviate too far from what is accepted). The egalitarian ethic of the group studied allowed for diversity of opinion while the members' shared frustrations with the medical profession made the group a viable cultural alternative. The author does not carry this theme explicitly into practice implications, but the recognized culture clash between the dominant health providers and this lay support group might potentially be resolved through an integration of values across the two cultures, especially those related to shared power and participatory decision making. This would be a promising framework within which to design and test interventions to promote such change. As for the methods of cultural exploration, ethnography is a challenging research methodology both in its implementation and in its reporting. The author optimizes the method's strengths by using a relatively long period of data collection, multiple sources of information, careful separation of the


MCSTHAR++ is a new Monte Carlo code implementing the Statistical Hadronization Model. This model assumes that hadronization proceeds through the microcanonical decay of massive extended clusters. Unlike other hadronization
models, in this approach very few free parameters are needed, as has been demonstrated in previous studies. The tuning of the model and the comparison with the data is ongoing.


Fusion technology is crucial for multimodal sentiment analysis. Recent attention-based fusion methods demonstrate high performance and strong robustness. However, these approaches ignore the difference in information density among the three modalities, i.e., visual and audio have low-level signal features and conversely text has high-level semantic features. To this end, we propose a non-homogeneous fusion network (NHFNet) to achieve multimodal information interaction. Specifically, a fusion module with attention aggregation is designed to handle the fusion of visual and audio modalities to enhance them to high-level semantic features. Then, cross-modal attention is used to achieve information reinforcement of text modality and audio-visual fusion. NHFNet compensates for the differences in information density of different modalities enabling their fair interaction. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we set up the aligned and unaligned experiments on the CMU-MOSEI dataset, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art. Codes are available at https://github.com/skeletonNN/NHFNet.


A rural built-up area is one of the most important features of rural regions. Rapid and accurate extraction of rural built-up areas has great significance to rural planning and urbanization. In this paper, the spectral residual method is embedded into a deep neural network to accurately describe the rural built-up areas from large-scale satellite images. Our proposed method is composed of two processes: coarse localization and fine extraction. Firstly, an improved Faster R-CNN (Regions with Convolutional Neural Network) detector is trained to obtain the coarse localization of the candidate built-up areas, and then the spectral residual method is used to describe the accurate boundary of each built-up area based on the bounding boxes. In the experimental part, we firstly explored the relationship between the sizes of built-up areas and the kernels in the spectral residual method. Then, the comparing experiments demonstrate that our proposed method has better performance in the extraction of rural built-up areas.


Mercury-induced, low molecular weight, metal-binding proteins were isolated from the marine mussel Mytilus edulis and used as antigen in the development of antibodies and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of the proteins. Partial characterization of the isolated protein indicated that its properties were consistent with those of metallothionein (MT). In contrast with most MTs, this protein occurred as an apparent dimer and contained glycine at high levels. Polyclonal antibodies against this protein were produced in goats and purified to an IgG fraction by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. Ouchterlony analysis and ELISA showed that these antibodies were cross-reactive with two other charge variants of mercury-induced, metal-binding proteins of M. edulis, but not with rabbit MT. The ELISA was based on an indirect, competitive procedure utilizing a rabbit anti-goat IgG–horseradish peroxidase conjugate as the second antibody. Application of this...


The COVID-19 pandemic, as one of the biggest health crises in the last decades, has disruptive impacts in all spheres of human life, including social, environmental, psychological, and political ones. Nevertheless, the most severely affected was and still is the economic sector of countries across the world. One of the major pillars of global economies is the agricultural sector due to its significance in ensuring continuity in food supply and at the same time developing operating business models oriented on sustainability. For achieving these purposes, operating business models had to undergo serious reinventions often supported by digital technologies. In this paper, the impact of COVID-19 on the operating dimensions in agriculture is investigated to gather insights on digital technology implementations, as reported in scientific publications regarding agriculture and its sub-sectors. This research aims to create a conceptual and theoretical framework for investigating the influence of COVID-19 pandemic and technology-related changes that had to be done in the agricultural sector due to its impact.


The distribution of the (absolute) area of Brownian motion was first studied by Mark Kac [Kac (1949)], using a formula since known as the Feynman–Kac formula [Kac (1949); Ito and McKean (1965)], which allows us to find the double Laplace transform of the distribution of the integral of a functional of Brownian motion. The area functional has received intensive attention for different types of Brownian motion, such as standard Brownian motion, Brownian bridges, excursions and meanders [Cifarelli (1975); Shepp (1982); Takács (1993); Perman and Wellner (1995); Jeanblanc et al. (1997); Tolmatz (2000); Tolmatz (2001); ...]. These different types of motion have discrete counterparts, that are respectively Bernoulli walks, bilateral Dyck paths, Dyck paths [Stanley (1999)], and (discrete) meanders. All paths considered in this paper start from 0 0 and only have 1 and 1 steps. A bilateral Dyck path is a Bernoulli random walk starting from 0 0 and ending in 0 0 . A Dyck path is a bilateral Dyck path conditioned to stay over the x-axis. A meander is a Bernoulli random walk conditioned to stay over the x-axis. As their lengths tend to infinity, we have weak convergence of the functional of these paths (conditioned by size) to their continuous counterpart, and convergence of the moments [Drmota (2003)]. Studying the distribution of a Brownian motion hence amounts to studying the limit distribution of its discrete counterpart. This was first done in the discrete world by Takács [Takács (1991a)] for Dyck paths. As Dyck paths are building blocks for bilateral Dyck paths, it is easy to deduce the limit distribution of the area of bilateral Dyck paths from the one of Dyck paths. It is interesting to notice, as commented in [Nguy ên Th ê (2003)], that it is the other way round in the continuous world, where the area of excursions is deduced from the area of Brownian bridges [Louchard (1984)]. In the same vein, while in the continuous world the area of Brownian motion can be computed directly, we first have to study the area


We develop a tractable equilibrium model of competing firms in an industry to show how the distribution of firm qualities, moral hazard, and product market characteristics interact to affect firm size, managerial compensation, and market structure. Different determinants of product market competition have contrasting effects on firm size and managerial compensation. Although both firm size and managerial compensation increase with the entry cost, they increase with the elasticity of substitution if and only if firm size exceeds a high threshold but decrease if it is below a low threshold. Aggregate shocks to the firm productivity distribution affect incentives in our equilibrium framework. We show statistically and economically significant empirical support for several hypotheses derived from the theory that relates product market characteristics to managerial compensation, firm size, and the number of firms in the industry. Different determinants of competition indeed have contrasting effects, as predict...


Background Bisphosphonates are the most commonly used class of osteoporosis medication worldwide. Rare adverse events related to long-term use of bisphosphonates have raised interest in planned temporary drug discontinuation. Due to chronicity of osteoporosis, restarting osteoporosis medication is likely to be needed after such a discontinuation. Trends in the discontinuation and the restart of bisphosphonates and their reasons are not fully understood. Objectives We investigated the temporal trends of bisphosphonate discontinuation from 2010 to 2015 and evaluated the factors associated with alendronate only discontinuation and restart of any osteoporosis medication at a population level. Methods To determine the temporal trends of discontinuation (at least 12 months without prescription claims) from 2010 to 2015, we identified a cohort of women with long-term bisphosphonate therapy (medication possession ratio (MPR) ≥ 80% for at least 3 continuous years) derived from the enhanced 5% Medicare sample and a cohort of beneficiaries with evidence of osteoporosis (defined using diagnosis and fracture codes, and medication claims). We used a case-crossover design, nested within the cohort study, to identify factors associated with discontinuation of long-term alendronate therapy and restart of any osteoporosis medication. We used conditional logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders to compare factors associated with alendronate discontinuation and osteoporosis therapy restart in the hazard period (120 days) referent to the preceding control periods (120 days). Results We identified a total of 73,800 women with exclusive long-term alendronate (59,251), risedronate (6,806), or zoledronic acid (7,743) use, respectively, of which 26,281 (35.6%) women discontinued therapy. The proportion of long-term bisphosphonate users who discontinued therapy increased from 1.7% in 2010 to 14.0% in 2012, and remained relatively stable thereafter (Figure 1) After adjustment, factors most strongly associated with the discontinuation of alendronate included: a new prescription of benzodiazepines (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 2.5, 95% CI [2.1, 3.0]), prior dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.7, 2.0]), skilled nursing facility care utilization (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI [1.6, 2.1]). Factors most strongly associated with the restart of any osteoporosis medication were: performing DXA scan (aOR = 9.9, 95% CI [7.7, 12.6]), fragility fracture (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI [1.8, 4.5]), and osteoporosis or osteopenia diagnosis (aOR = 2.5, 95% CI [2.0, 3.1]). Conclusion We describe temporal trends in bisphosphonate discontinuations and factors associated with discontinuation of alendronate and restart of osteoporosis therapy. From 2010 to 2015, approximately one-third of women with long-term bisphosphonate treatment discontinued treatment for ≥12 months. We observed an increasing trend in discontinuation from 2010 to 2012, which remained steady through 2015. Factors associated with discontinuation of alendronate were associated with worsening of overall health status, while factors traditionally associated with worsening bone health were associated with restart of osteoporosis medication.Figure 1 Temporal trends of Bisphosphonate Discontinuation in U.S. Medicare women beneficiaries by calendar year Disclosure of Interests Giovanni Adami: None declared, Ayesha Jaleel: None declared, Jeffrey Curtis: None declared, Rui Chen: None declared, Huifeng Yun Grant/research support from: BMS, Pfizer, Shanette Daigle: None declared, Tarun Arora Grant/research support from: Amgen, Maria Danila Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Inc., Consultant for: Sanofi Genzyme & Regeneron, Nicole Wright Grant/research support from: Amgen, Consultant for: NortonRose Fulbright/Pfizer, Suzanne Cadarette: None declared, Amy Mudano: None declared, Jeff Foster: None declared, Kenneth Saag Grant/research support from: Amgen, Ironwood/AstraZeneca, Horizon, SOBI, Takeda, Consultant for: Abbvie, Amgen, Ironwood/AstraZeneca, Bayer, Gilead, Horizon, Kowa, Radius, Roche/Genentech, SOBI, Takeda, Teijin


With the fifth school year the more fonnal side of arithmetic should be begun. The child has now reached a~ge in his development when he can begin to appreciate more forinal statements and sustain interest in more complicated reasonings, The transition should be gradual. The mpre complicated problems should be seen to arise easily from the experiences of home, farm, shop, and business. The work of the last four years of school in the grades should include fractions, common and decimal, percentage as used in profit and loss, dividends, assessments, taxes, gains in wealth, population, etc., simple interest, with principal, time, and rate given, ratio and simple proportion, mensuration applied to all com m 0 n I y occurring forms, square and cube root by factoring, square root formally, problems of analysis, and sufficient algebra to insure the easy use orthe equation. The obsolete and needless parts of arithmetic should be omitted. Many of the recent text-books have done well in omissions. Perhaps none of them have quite succeeded in getting rid of alI the useless lumber of the past. There are sufficient fields of present-day arithmetical application to use all the school time of the child. Giving time to the dead thin-g-s of the past is not only needless, but very harmful. Our system of weights and measures is bad enough at its best. All obsolete and unusual units should be omitted. Such tables as Apothecary and Troy are for the druggist and the jeweler, and have no place in school study. The addition of several numbers, each consisting of miles, furlongs, rods, yards, feet, and inches, is never required outside of an arithmetic, and it should not be required there. Long problems requiring reductions through three or four units are simply useless refinements of cruelty, and should be relegated at once to the junk-pile of oblivion. Greatest common divisor by long division has no application outside of a book, and besides, no pupil in the grades can comprehend it. It should be omitted and the factoring method alone taught. The same is true of least common multiple. Its each of these ears individually, and then selects only the kernels of the right length, width, and thickness. Figure 3 .shows an ear such as they seek to start with. ' Do you wonder that I get enthusiastic over such a demonstration of science, thrift, and enterprise, or that I cry out for a similar devotion to pedago,-:y? rsn't it an outrage for a seed house, after t his, to sell ordinary seed corn? Isn't it a greater ""trage to he peddling out educational notions that have not had their value demonstrated in-the physical, mental, and moral life of children? I have touched upon only one of the many featur es of lIenrv Field's seed house at Shenandoah, Iowa, but it i~ enough to illustrate my point, and that is my only excuse for intruding it upon my readers, hut I know that I am a better reader, a better thinker, a better editor, a better lecturer, a hetter father for having spent two hours in that marvelously complete, scientific, and up-to-date plant. October 1, 1908 JOURNAL OF .1JIDUCATIO:N' 339


The usefulness of the Heck reaction in the field of chromones has been demonstrated. Bromochromones with the halogen atom in their rings A and B were reacted with various terminal alkenes to give hitherto unknown alkenyl‐substituted chromones. Reactivity of the substrates was found to markedly depend on the position of the bromine atom. Under phosphine‐free conditions using a phase‐transfer catalyst additive (tetrabutylammonium bromide), shorter reaction periods and usually higher yields were obtained.


A sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for estimation of growth hormone in buffalo plasma using highly purified bovine GH was developed, Radioiodination of the hormone was carried out with carrier free 125 N-I. Immune reaction was performed using buffalo plasma, buffer, labelled antigen and the antiserum at room temperature. Separation of antibody-bound GH from free GH was accomplished with goat antirabbit gamma globulin. The calibration curve was sensitive from 19.5 pg to 50 ng/ml. Using this procedure, mean plasma concentration of GH was found to be significantly high (P<0.05) on day 3 (31 .25±4.13 ng/ml) compared to days 10 and 30. The data are suggestive of high postnatal levels in buffalo calves during first month of life.


Patterns of newly synthesized proteins in imbibing after-ripened young and aged Agrostemma embryos show differences in the dynamics of cotyledons and axes. In the course of imbibition the termination of some syntheses in the embryonal parts of aged seeds is delayed. As was shown by in vitro translation, mRNAs coding for the synthesis of some proteins are still present in the embryos when protein translation has already finished.


The switch to native desert plants for landscaping, which helped Tucson drop its percapita water use by one -fourth in the late 1970s, continues to gain ground in Arizona's desert cities. Researchers at the University of Arizona, in cooperation with several other groups, are collecting and testing dozens of lowwater -use plants to widen the selection available for landscaping. The projects have recently added indoor plants and cut flowers among the prospective jobs for plants being tested. Until the mid1970s, native desert plants, such as mesquite and palo verde trees, often were bulldozed when homes and commercial facilities were landscaped. Despite the beauty of native vegetation, many owners preferred to landscape their homes and businesses with large lawns and lush vegetation. Times have changed. The combination of increased water rates, unhealthy pollen counts, and publicized examples of attractive desert landscaping has created a strong demand for low -water -use plants among homeowners and commercial developers. New Pima County restrictions on certain highpollen trees will accelerate this trend. University of Arizona landscape architect Warren D. Jones and horticulBy George Humphrey and Guy Webster


Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety on renal carcinoma with selectivity renal artery interrupted and renal artery interrupted retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RLPN).Methods:The data of 79 patients with renal carcinoma who underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy from Feb.2008 to May 2011 in our hospital was analyzed retrospectively.The tumor diameter was within 4cm.The patients aged from 25 to 72 were divided into 2 groups:selectivity renal artery interrupted group with 42 cases and renal artery interrupted group with 37 cases.The differences of renal pedical clamping time,operation time,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and the incidence of complications between the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results:The renal pedical clamping time,operation time of selectivity renal artery interrupted and renal artery interrupted group were(22.80±4.58) min and(28.12±4.31) min,(110.25±14.76) min and(96.10±15.40) min respectively.There was statistical significance between the two groups.The hospital stay,blood loss and intraoperative blood transfusion rate of selectivity renal artery interrupted and renal artery interrupted group were(8.80±1.51) d and(9.02±1.69) d,(107.0±73.99) ml and(130.20±89.51) ml,2.4%(1/42) and 2.7%(1/37).There was no significant difference between them(P0.05).The rates of postoperative complication in selectivity renal artery interrupted and renal artery interrupted group were 2.4%(1/42) and 2.7%(1/37),there was no significant difference between them(P0.05).The follow-up of the two groups was 6-48 months without recurrence and metastasis.Conclusions:As for small kidney cancer,selectivity renal artery interrupted operation has the advantage of extended renal pedical clamping time which will help to protect normal nephrons,the recovery of renal function is better.It has longer operation time due to operating conditions and technology,but bleeding was not significantly increased.Selectivity renal artery interrupted retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is worthy of promotion for qualified hospital.


This paper explores the application of Grid computing technology for solving compute-intensive problems in finance. In particular, we propose a high-throughput parallel version of the Monte Carlo algorithm for portfolio VaR simulation, based on a master-worker paradigm, which runs in a Grid environment an obtains a substantial time reduction with regard to the serial algorithm, by exploiting the idle periods of the existing computational resources, like PC's or workstations. Key-Words: Grid Computing, High-Throughput Computing, Computational Finance, Value-at-Risk, Monte Carlo.


Modern aquaculture is a new science and industry although traditional in origin. In the past fifteen years aquaculture production shows a steady increase from 5 million m etric tonnes (1973) to 14.5 million metric tonnes (1988). In future an increase in the population coupled with an increase in percapita consumption will definitely culminate in the intensified effort to increase aquaculture production. In this context prawns are very important as a candidate species for culture and foreign exchange earner for a developing country like India. In order to achieve a reliable mechanism for production in future, a thorough understanding of the cultured
animal is necessary. In prawns the most important event occurring through out its life cycle is moulting, which is a mechanism for growth. Prawns like most other crustaceans are ensheathed in a thick outer covering called exoskeleton. The presence of this rigid exoskeleton limits the growth of this animal, which is solved by the periodic shedding of the
exoskeleton followed by the secretion of new ones.


The anti-collision system for vehicles, proposed through this paper, includes a speed sensor to measure the speed of the vehicle, a space sensor to measure the distance between the vehicle and a detected object, a computer to calculate a danger-of-collision distance to the object, an alarm actuated by the computer when the sensed distance to the object is equal to or less than the calculated danger-of-collision distance, and a brake light triggered upon the actuation of the aforementioned alarm. The system also includes a control panel allowing the setting of preselected parameters, concerning the vehicle, the vehicle driver, and the environment, which are used by the computer to calculate the danger-of-collision distance to the object.


Is the maritime administration of laws and regulations authorize the exercise of certain administrative functions of the administrative body,in practical work also use a lot of persuasion,education,demonstrations,advice and recommendations,consultation,policy guidance and funding to help provide knowledge and technical assistance,etc.Non-compulsory means and methods,that is the guiding behavior.Obtain the consent or relative to help to achieve certain administrative purposes,in the course of the maritime administration plays a complementary and alternative,counselling and the promotion,coordination and clear,prevention and suppression,and other active role.


Right hepatic vein (RHV) drainage area resection is performed for intrahepatic tumors. However, borders of RHV drainage areas are difficult to identify. We evaluated the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent images to identify the borders for RHV drainage area resection.


Poplars are trees of the angiosperm genus Populus, a group of generally diploid, dioecious, and deciduous pioneers that are widespread in forests around the Northern Hemisphere. Canada is a centre of poplar abundance and diversity, with 7 of the 29 global Populus species occurring naturally, and other species being introduced. Numerous interspecific hybrids also occur, including native hybrids that create centres of biodiversity, and artificial hybrid poplars that are planted for wood and fiber production, as well as for environmental and landscape applications. This paper introduces poplars and their distribution across Canada and explores Canadian and international contributions to poplar research. It also discusses papers of the special issue Poplar Research in Canada in the November 2007 and December 2007 issues of the Canadian Journal of Botany, which contains a collection of 19 contributions from Canadian institutions that report on a diverse range of topics including genomics and molecular biology,...


Safe supply is an effective intervention conceptualized by people who use drugs to reduce drug toxicity deaths from the contaminated unregulated drug supply and improve the quality of life among people who use drugs during one of the deadliest but ignored public health crises. There are various forms of safe supply that have been around for decades with a wealth of evidence-based literature such as heroin assisted treatment but in this response to a commentary by Roberts and Humphreys we are focused on medicalized safe supply which is only available in a clinical setting and is available in most regions in Canada. A licensed healthcare professional assesses potential patients and, if indicated, will prescribe pharmaceutical drugs to those most at risk of experiencing drug related harms such as toxic drug death, contracting HIV and Hepatitis C, developing injection related infections, and other health and social issues. We believe that Roberts and Humphreys misunderstand the role of safe supply and hope this response articulates its importance in the continuum of care for people who use drugs.


Selenium is incorporated in the form of the nonstandard amino acid selenocysteine into selected proteins of organisms belonging to all three lines of descent. The majority of these proteins, which contain selenocysteine in the active site, catalyze oxidation–reduction reactions and are involved in numerous biochemical and regulatory processes, which in many cases are indispensable for the organism. Because of significant differences in the chemical reactivity of selenocysteine in comparison to cysteine, selenoenzymes display a greatly increased rate of catalysis and, in some cases, have an extended substrate specificity. Apart from its biochemical function, selenocysteine is also unique since its incorporation is DNA-encoded and its cotranslational insertion follows a route independent in many features from the path of insertion of the 20 classical amino acids. Selenocysteine, therefore, can be considered the 21st amino acid.

Keywords:

selenoproteins;
selenoenzymes;
nonstandard amino acid;
tRNASec;
translation factor SelB;
selenocysteine synthesis;
selenophosphate


Projective identification is one of the most compelling and misunderstood contributions of psychoanalytic theory to the practice of counselling and psychotherapy. Projective identification has direct relevancy in the counselling experience as a client defense mechanism that is simultaneously subtle, complex, and challenging. A three-phase sequence of the manifestation of projective identification is conceptualized that induces the counsellor to assume projected qualities of the client. Projective identification is distinguished from related concepts, including projection, identification, and transference. Therapeutic strategies for recognizing and effectively processing the defense mechanism in individual and group counselling are presented, including a case illustration.


Children's social and behavioral skills vary considerably by socioeconomic status (SES), race and/or ethnicity, and gender, yet it is unclear to what degree these differences are due to school or nonschool factors. We observe how gaps in social and behavioral skills change during school and nonschool (summer) periods from the start of kindergarten entry until the end of second grade in a recent and nationally representative sample of more than 16,000 children (the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 2010–11). We find that large gaps in social and behavioral skills exist at the start of kindergarten entry, and these gaps favor high-SES, white, and female children. Over the next three years, we observed that the gaps grow no faster when school is in than when school is out. In the case of social and behavioral skills, it appears that schools neither exacerbate inequality nor reduce it.


With light FCC gasoline(LCG)and cycle oil provided by Hengyuan petro-refinery,vacuum gas oil(VGO)and atmospheric residue(AR)provided by Daqing refinery as feedstock,the self-prepared LTB-2 as catalyst,the possibility of LCG catalytic pyrolysis in a small FCC riser unit for maximum propylene production and the co-effect of LCG recycling with different heavy oil were investigated.The experimental results indicated that when LCG recycling with cycle oil,AR and VGO,respectively,the resident time(RT)of the reactants in the small riser was reduced.At the reaction conditions of 600℃ and 0.03 s resident time,the yield of dry gas was decreased obviously from 9.94%-16.92% to 5.52%-6.33%,the yields of propylene and coke were in the ranges of 13.26%-17.91% and 0.69%-3.50%,respectively.


We review various anomalies seen in Raman spectroscopy, superconducting transition temperature T c and electrical resistance at room temperature and high pressure in the new high temperature superconductor MgB2. In order to explore the possibility of the anomalies being caused by an electronic topological transition (ETT), we have carried out detailed electronic structure studies of the band structure under pressure. Our calculations are done in the presence of a frozen-in phonon displacement that mimics the effects of thermal vibrations of the B-atoms at room temperature. Our results clearly establish the occurrence of a phonon-assisted ETT near 18 GPa. The dimensionless electron–phonon coupling λ is also found to be anomalous in its pressure variation at the same pressure. We also indicate why a detailed explanation of the phonon Raman anomaly needs the inclusion of effects arising from a non-linear electron–phonon coupling.


Gene expression arrays (gene chips) have enabled researchers to roughly quantify the level of mRNA expression for a large number of genes in a single sample. Several methods have been developed for the analysis of gene array data including clustering, outlier detection, and correlation studies. Most of these analyses are aimed at a qualitative identification of what is different between two samples and/or the relationship between two genes. We propose a quantitative, statistically sound methodology for the analysis of gene regulatory networks using gene expression data sets. The method is based on Bayesian networks for direct quantification of gene expression networks. Using the gene expression changes in HPL1A lung airway epithelial cells after exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin at levels of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 nM for 24 hr, a gene expression network was hypothesized and analyzed. The method clearly demonstrates support for the assumed network and the hypothesis linking the usual dioxin expression changes to the retinoic acid receptor system. Simulation studies demonstrated the method works well, even for small samples.


Microgrid is a small-scale cyber-physical system, and it generally suffers from various uncertainties. In this paper, we investigate the secure control problem of a benchmark microgrid with system uncertainties by using data-driven edge computing technology. First, the state-space function of the benchmark microgrid system is formulated, and parameter uncertainties are taken into consideration. Second, a novel data-driven intelligent computing method is derived from the modelbased reinforcement learning algorithm, which only requires system data instead of system models. By utilizing this computing method, the optimal control policy can be obtained in the model-free environment. Third, the Lyapunov stability theory is employed to prove that the uncertain microgrid can be asymptotically stabilized under the optimal control policy. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the control performance can be improved by tuning the parameters in the performance index function.


Having lost a major share of its one-time monopoly following the break-up of Yugoslavia, Croatia's leading fertilizer producer, Petrokemija, has had to adjust to new market conditions. The past few years have not been easy, as the company was faced with rising input costs, lower sales in a much-reduced domestic market, and weak prices in international markets. Now, a new gauntlet has been thrown at Petrokemija's feet - the challenge of deregulation and privatisation. David Hayes investigates...


The Middle Miocene Badenian basin of the Carpathian Foredeep is characterized by complex sedimentary and diagenetic carbonate-evaporite transitions. Six locations have been selected to evaluate the controls on the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of the Badenian gypsum-associated limestones of the Tyras Formation in West Ukraine. At three locations marine limestones overlie the gypsum, at one location (Anadoly) the gypsum-associated limestones are polygenic, and at two locations (Pyshchatyntsi and Lozyna) gypsum deposits are lacking. The studied limestones have originated as primary, mostly peloidal carbonates as well as secondary carbonates formed by hypogene sulphate calcitization. They show a wide range of δ13C (from from -0.9‰ to -39.8‰) and δ18O values (from 0.9‰ to -12.2‰). The Badenian limestones formed in marine environments (either as deposits accumulated at the bottom of the sea or forming the infillings of solution cavities within gypsum) have less negative δ18O values compared to predominantly diagenetic formations. Wide ranges and usually very negative δ13C values and low δ18O values of those limestones indicate that they suffered important meteoric diagenesis as supported by common sparitic fabrics. In addition, a large range of δ13C values even in the group of samples characterized by less-negative δ18O values shows that bacterial sulphate reduction and methane oxidation were active processes in the pore fluids of the Tyras Formation. Very low carbon isotopic compositions (δ13C values from -22 to -40‰) of some sparitic limestones in the studied sections indicate the occurrence of oxidized methane within the diagenetic environment. Accordingly, the isotopic signatures of the studied limestones are a combination of both primary and secondary processes, the latter having a primordial importance. The common occurrence of similar negative δ13C and δ18O values in evaporite-related carbonates in other Miocene evaporite basins suggest that extensive dissolution- reprecipitation in diagenetic or vadose-phreatic environments was common in evaporite-related carbonates.


Abstract This article investigates the physical parameters of Athenian democracy. It explores the collective-action problems that these parameters caused and settles debates about them that R. G. Osborne famously provoked. Classical Athens was ten times larger than an average Greek state. Fourth-century Athenians were ten times more numerous. These parameters significantly contributed to the success of Athenian democracy. Athens could field more combatants than almost every other Greek state. With such huge manpower reserves individual Athenians had to fight only every few years. Nevertheless, this huge population also caused collective-action problems. Attica's farmers could not grow enough to feed them. The Athenians never had adequate personnel nor recordkeeping centrally to administer so many citizens over such a large territory. Yet they found effective means at home and abroad to overcome these collective-action problems.


The traditional way for distribution line fault management was trial and error method, in which the line is energized section by section until the protective relay trips the feeding circuit breaker. Once the faulty section was identified, the remaining parts of the network were restored by line or sectionalizing switches. The operation of these was mostly manual. After the introduction of numerical relays, more sophisticated methods for fault location came available. Now it was possible to record the fault currents at the feeding substations, and by comparing these values to the corresponding computed quantities, it was possible to produce a relatively good estimate for the fault distance. The fault isolation and restoration process was also accelerated a lot by the introduction of remote control to the sectionalizing switches. In some countries these switches were in the beginning equipped with a pause switching system, which performs a step by step reclosing based on local automation. Today the application of information technology to the distribution network fault management is in an active development phase. In this work there are broadly speaking two competing lines. Some engineers have an opinion that the final decision of control actions must be in the operators ́ hands. This has led to the development of assisting software tools, which inference the possible fault locations, check the technical constraints and propose for corrective actions. An alternative line is to let the computer system to do the whole job. Sofar these systems have been rare, however. The likely reason for this is the difficulty to adapt the automation system to the ever changing network conditions. In spite of these difficulties, it seems that there is a tendency towards fully automated switching systems. In favor of this statement is the fact, that most SCADA systems nowadays support predefined switching sequencies, which can be performed after the tripping of a certain feeder circuit breaker, for instance. The disadvantage of these sequencies is that the circumstances of the feeder concerned must be kept constant. In this paper, a fully automatic computer model, called FI-model, for distribution network fault location, fault isolation and supply restoration is presented. The model works as an integrated part of substation SCADA and medium voltage distribution network automation systems, including protective relays and AM/FM/GIS (Automated Mapping, Facilities Management and Geographic Information System). In the model, three different techniques are used for fault location. First, by comparing the measured fault current to the computed one, an estimate for the fault distance is obtained. This information is combined to the data obtained from the fault indicators in the line branching points. As the third technique, in the absence of better data, the statistical information of fault frequencies is used. Once the faulty section has been identified, it is automatically isolated by the remote control of line switches. For fault location and isolation, two alternative strategies can be used. The first one is zone-by-zone reclosing, which verifies the existence of the fault by trial switching. The second alternative is plain fault isolation; here the live switching of the faulty section is avoided. During this part of the restoration process, the making capacity of line switches and the thermal capacity of line sections is automatically checked for. Once the fault has been isolated, the supply is restored to the remaining parts of the network. In this phase also reserve connections from adjacent feeders can be used. During the restoration process, the technical constraints of the network are checked for. Among these are the load carrying capacity of line sections, voltage drop and the settings of relay protection.


This pamphlet is a sequel to Statistical Games and the "200 Largest" Industrials, 1954 and 1968, which the Conference Board published in 1970. It begins with a clear analysis of the character and limitations of the data available for measuring concentration at the top of the industrial pyramid in manufacturing, and with an account of the procedures that were used in coping with inadequacies in the data-the best such exposition that I can recall seeing in such a study. It then presents data as to aggregate concentration of various kinds. In general, the data consist of information for the largest 50, the largest 100, and the largest 200 manufacturing corporations for the years 1947, 1958, 1967, and (so far as data are available) 1971. The figures cover ratio of assets to sales and concentration of assets, of sales, of value added by manufacture, and of net profits. Comparisons are made for subsets of the largest 200 corporations. These compare newcomer corporations with older ones; newcomers that entered the 200 from below with newcomers that entered by reclassification; and conglomerates with other corporations.


As an essential asset of an enterprise, data plays a vital role in risk assessment. To realize the effective integration of data related to the main factors of enterprise operation, including management, personnel and other data. To deepen the construction of data and analysis system, through the maturity analysis of different evaluation indicators to get the comprehensive evaluation results of the current system. Based on the above situation, this paper uses the principal component analysis method to integrate data analysis from the three aspects of personnel, arrangement and technology, and builds an index relationship network to show the relationship between different evaluation indicators. The principal component analysis method is used to identify the significant indicators in the network as the key points to be improved, and then analyzes the existing system maturity from three aspects to obtain the evaluation results. At the same time, the grayscale prediction model is established, and the overall evaluation analysis and prediction evaluation of the three parts and other indicators are carried out, and the comprehensive evaluation of the enterprise data is further carried out.


This paper introduces the architecture, elementary principle and other related core objects and technologies of WCF, and analyzes the security of WCF, and then uses the extensible nature of WCF to develop a method to ensure secure communications of Large data with encryption and digital signature techniques Thirdly, it discusses how to realize data signature and encryption with making use of .NET framework and C# language based on SHA256 and RC2 arithmetics, Finally, it points out that it can simplify the development of distributed remote disposal.


In this Letter we report on our study of the filtration of interstellar atoms of hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in the interaction region between the solar wind and the local interstellar medium. The filtration has great importance for the deter- mination of local interstellar abundances of these elements, which becomes now possible due to measurements of interstellar pickup ions by Ulysses and ACE, and anomalous cosmic rays by Voyagers, Ulysses, ACE, SAMPEX and Wind. The filtra- tion of the different elements depends on the level of their coupling with the plasma in the interaction region. We study the dependence of the filtration on the local interstellar proton and H atom number densities and evaluate the effects of charge exchange and electron impact ionization on the filtration. We explore the influence of electron temperature in the inner he- liosheath on the filtration process. Using our filtration coefficients and SWICS/Ulysses pickup ion measurements we conclude nOI,LIC = (7.8 ± 1.3) × 10 −5 cm −3 and nNI,LIC = (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10 −5 cm −3 .


THE cLonus PALLIDUS has long been thought to participate in the extrapyramidal regulation of somatic motor function. Its influence in the sphere of autonomic effector mechanisms, however, has yet to be defined, although isolated reports suggest that such influence might The present investigation has sought to experimentally evaluate such a relationship, by studying the effect of excitation of the pallidum on one aspect of autonomic activity. namely, the motility of the urinary bladder. These experiments were prompted by clinical observations of bladder dysfunction in patients with disorders of the extrapyramidal system.4-(;


1 Recent experiments suggest that acetylcholine (ACh) may exert myocardial protective effects during ischaemia (I) and reperfusion (R). The present study was designed (i) to assess whether ACh limits infarct size and protects coronary endothelial cells in a rat model of I and R, (ii) to evaluate the role of ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and nitric oxide (NO) in the beneficial effect of ACh (iii) to evaluate whether the protective effect of ACh also extends to coronary endothelial cells and (iv) to assess whether ACh contributes to the beneficial effect of preconditioning. 2 Anaesthetized rats were subjected to 20 min I (left coronary artery occlusion) and 2 h of R. Infarct size was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium (TTC) staining and expressed as a % of the area at risk (India ink injection). Vascular studies were performed on 1.5–2 mm coronary segments (internal diameter 250–300 μm) removed distal to the site of occlusion and mounted in wire myographs. 3 ACh limited infarct size (from 59 ± 3 to 26 ± 5%, P < 0.01), and this was prevented by atropine (46 ± 7%; P < 0.05 vs ACh), but not by the inhibitor of KATP channels, glibenclamide (29 ± 8%). The inhibitor of NO synthesis NG‐nitro l‐arginine did not affect infarct size (54 ± 5%) but abolished the beneficial effect of ACh (59 ± 8%; P < 0.05 vs ACh), whereas the NO donor 3‐morpholinosydnonimine‐N‐ethylcarbamide (SIN‐1 limited infarct size to the same extent as ACh (28 ± 6%). Preconditioning also limited infarct size (5 ± 2%, P < 0.01 vs control), and this was not affected by atropine (6 ± 2%). I and R induced a significant decrease in the endothelium‐dependent relaxations of isolated coronary arteries to ACh (maximal response: sham: 58 ± 4; I/R: 25 ± 5%; P < 0.01) and this dysfunction was prevented by prior in vivo treatment with ACh (55 ± 7%; P < 0.01 vs I/R) or (SIN‐1 50 ± 5%; P < 0.05 vs I/R). 4 Thus, in the rat model, ACh is able to stimulate potent endogenous protective mechanisms during I and R, which are evident both at the level of myocardial and coronary endothelial cells, and appear entirely mediated through the production of NO. Pharmacological stimulation of this endogenous protective mechanism may constitute a new approach in the treatment of acute myocaridal ischaemia.


Abstract The chemical compositions of γ and γ′ phases in the alloy SC16 were determined by means of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the transmission electron microscope (TEM/EDS) after heat treatment at different temperatures. According to these measurements, single-phase alloys with compositions identical to those of the γ and γ′ phases in SC16 were produced. The temperature dependence of the lattice parameters of these alloys was deduced (i) from the measured values of the lattice parameters at room temperature and (ii) from the measured unidirectional thermal expansion up to 1323 K. These measurements show that the lattice misfit between the γ and γ′ phases in unconstrained condition at the different elevated temperatures at which their equilibrium composition in the alloy SC16 was determined, is positive. The results are compared with the misfit values in the alloy SC16 reported in literature for constrained and unconstrained condition and also with the predictions from models on rafting.


Author(s): Moe, Nelson | Abstract: Between 1890 and 1915, approximately four million Italians emigrated to the United States. The categories of the "Mediterranean" and the "South" played an important role in the way this immigrant population (the largest in the United States) was imagined, represented, and administered. These categories (among others) informed both scholarly discourse and public discussion of the "new" immigration and of the place of Italians and of other Southern European peoples in American society.


Network coding (NC) can achieve the maximum information flow in the network by allowing nodes to combine received packets before retransmission. Several papers have shown NC to be beneficial in mobile ad-hoc networks, but the delay introduced by buffered decoding raises a problem in real-time streaming applications. Here we propose to use NC jointly with multiple description coding (MDC) to allow instant decoding of the received packets. The optimal encoding coefficients are chosen via distributed optimisation of the expected video quality. Nodes receive up-to-date information about the network topology through a recently proposed protocol, originally designed for real-time streaming of MDC video. Results show that, due to the limitations imposed by instant decoding to the coding window size, our approach consistently outperforms the popular technique of random linear network coding.


Power dissipation in high performance systems requires more expensive packaging. In this situation, low power VLSI design has assumed great importance as an active and rapidly developing field. As the density and operating speed of CMOS VLSI chip increases, static power dissipation becomes more significant. This is due to the leakage current when the transistor is off this is threshold voltage dependent. This can be observed in the combinational and sequential circuits. Static power reduction techniques are achieved by means of operating the transistor either in Cut-off or in Saturation region completely and avoiding the clock in unnecessary circuits. In this work, "Dual sub-threshold voltage supply" technique is used to operate the transistor under off state or either in on state by applying some voltage at the gate of the MOS transistor. This static power reduction technique is to digital circuits, so that the power dissipation is reduced and the performance of the circuit is increased. The designed circuits can be simulated by using Mentor Graphics Backend Tool.


nd experiment, air flow rate 0.3 vvm) with a maximum xylitol production (36.0gm/l) after 59h as compared with that obtained in the 1 st experiment (30.99 g/L) after 66 h under relatively less oxygen limited condition (air flow rate 1.5 vvm). Increasing the initial xylose concentration from 45.5 g/L in the 2 nd experiment to 96.9 g/L in the 3 rd experiment led to a great decrease in the xylitol accumulation rate (Qp) from 0.506 to 0.134 g/L, xylitol yield coefficient (Yp/s) from 0.704 to 0.180 g/g and a mild increase in the xylose consumption rate (Qs) from 0.70 to 0.75 g/L/h. The semi-synthetic medium (1 st and 2 nd


An analysis is made of generation of harmonics as a result of a nonlinearity induced by an electromagnetic field in a medium consisting of planar superconducting structures of the kind that appear in some high-temperature superconductors. It is shown that the Josephson nonlinearity of such structures can be used to generate a large number ( ~ 10–103) harmonics of an electromagnetic wave and this should make it possible to cover the frequency range from microwaves to far infrared ( ~ 10 μm).


Abstract For some time, the impact of counterterrorism (CT) measures and sanctions on humanitarian action did not attract the attention that it merited. However, owing to a surge in awareness of this issue over the past two years, the fact that CT measures and sanctions can have negative consequences for principled humanitarian action is now widely accepted by a broad range of actors, and is supported by a strong body of research identifying and analyzing these impacts. This article adds to this existing work by examining recent developments related to this issue. It looks at the impact of growing risk aversion in relation to CT measures and sanctions among donors, humanitarian organizations and other actors on principled humanitarian action, and highlights recent efforts to address and mitigate these impacts. The central argument is that CT and sanctions risks cannot be eliminated from humanitarian action. As such, policy change is needed to protect principled humanitarian action from further detrimental impacts and to ensure that people can access the assistance they need, regardless of where they are located.


In isotropic semivariograms, ordinary least squares can estimate nugget effect and sill by partitioning its range. By conducting simulation, a semivariogram model with previously given parameters will be estimated through bootstrap method. Least square-bootstrap (LS-Bootstrap) will be applied to estimate the parameters of the model after resampling the errors of the model. The selection of the resulting semivariogram model from bootstrap method will be affected by the number of distance lags, the precision level of the range partitions, the number of bootstrap iterations, and the given reference model. The exponential and Gaussian models are sufficiently good in the estimation for the models with the same references. Meanwhile, the estimation yielded from spherical model is quite far from the reference 5124 K. N. Sari et al. exponential and Gaussian models, with the mean square error value reaching 713. The estimation with bootstrap method which is the same as the reference model will be faster to converge with the maximum iteration of 50. Besides, bootstrap method enables to obtain the point estimates and interval estimates of the nugget effect, sill, and range parameters.


Objective:To introduce an improved removing skin double fold eyelid operation for upper eyelid laxity.Methods:The patient closed his eyes slightly and the eyebrow was pushed upward,so that the upper eyelid skin could be unfolded.The double fold eyelid line was marked out 5.0 to 6.5 mm away from palpebral margin.Based on the line,the redundant skin of upper eyelid was clipped by forceps and the eyebrow and eyelash kept unmoved,the operator marked out another line.The redundant skin and the orbicular muscle of the eye between the two lines were removed.The skin below the incision was not dissected and the orbicular muscle of the eye under the skin was not removed,either.The incision was sutured similar to the routine double fold eyelid operation.Results:Twenty two cases were treated with this method.One case showed mild eversion of the upper eyelid,and all the other cases obtained satisfactory effect.Conclusions:The method has the advantages of easy operation and slight tissue injury,so the post operative recovery is rapid.At the same time,trichiasis can also be corrected.The complication incidence is decreased significantly and the patients get satisfactory effect.It is a good method for treating upper eyelid laxity.


The purpose of this study was to examine the phenomenon of the decision making process among secondary school leaders as they engage in an academic file review in order to make decisions regarding academic placement of a newly enrolled student. During a semi-structured interview, secondary school principals were asked to engage in a document analysis using an authentic student profile and describe how they would determine the most appropriate academic program placement for the student. Authentic insights from the perspectives of secondary school principals defined experiences and factors that influence decision making processes. Through a semi-structured, open-ended interview with secondary school principals and a document analysis of a student comprehensive file, the researcher analyzed the responses and described the experiences of secondary school principals engaged in the academic planning process for a student. Findings and recommendations for practice are included.


By field measurement method,it studied change law of the beginning of classical abutment pressure,circulate slack resistance and average working resistance of No.3 fully mechanized face in Xin'an Coal Mine of Shuangyashan Mining Group Company,it obtained strata behaviors regularity of fully mechanized mining face in Xin'an Coal Mine,it made work status evaluation of support,and currently used stent meet safety requirements of face production,the results of this study,it has a certain significance of fully mechanized mining face safety production under similar conditions.


The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a logarithmic curve arc wave straight wavy improved injection molding lawn mower gear box. The method is characterized in that a flange (1a5) is arranged in the middle part of a clutch slide block, a rear drive plate (1a7) is arranged on the rear end part of the clutch slide block, since warm extrusion powder metallurgy is incapable of realizing side withdrawing, a plurality of openings which are mutually staggered to one another are formed in the flange (1a5) arranged in the middle part of the clutch slide block and the rear drive plate (1a7) arranged on the rear end part of the clutch slide block, thus not only is the demoulding facilitated, but also the difficulty that a double-layer flange and the drive plate cannot be produced in the warm extrusion powder metallurgy can be solved, and a shifting fork is convenient to insert between the double-layer flange and the drive plate. Arc waves and straight waves are formed on 3 to 18 clutch cones with logarithmic spirals which are circumferentially arranged on the end part of each of the clutch slide block and a clutch block, each clutch cone is sequentially provided an upslope arc wave (1a1), a top arc convex (1a2), a downslope straight wave (1a3) and a bottom wave (1a4), namely, a contour curve of a main shape of the clutch slide block and the clutch block is a section of the logarithmic spiral, so that the scientific evidence that the pressure angle of advanced mathematics is almost equal everywhere can be provided when the logarithmic curve arc waves and straight waves are engaged and disengaged, more firmness and more reliability can be realized, and the logarithmic spiral clutch cone can be produced by an intermediate bench worker.


20 YEARS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS, FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, CONSTANTINE THE PHILOSOPHER UNIVERSITY IN NITRA author of photos: Tibor Toth


This investigation was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory vegetable department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, to study the effect of Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) and light duration in-vitro multiplication rate of five subculture on banana. Magnesium Sulphate (MgSO4) was add at 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 ppm and light duration treatment applied at (darkness for 4 weeks, natural light for 4 weeks, 16 hours light for 4 weeks and 2 weeks at darkness followed by 2 weeks at 16 hours light). Results indicated that light duration treatment are more significantly effect on multiplication rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotene contents. Darkness for 2 weeks followed by light 16 hours for 2 weeks recorded the highest rate of multiplication rate. Meanwhile, Magnesium Sulphate and their interactions with light duration treatments are of non-significant effect on multiplication rate. The best results was regard to multiplication and improvement of plant morphogenesis at final stage of development in vitro of Grand Naine Banana when explants incubated at dark for a period 15 days followed by 16 hours light for 15 days.


Recession, render down economy and fold up of giant corporate houses are very frequent phenomenon now, having affect on society directly. These effects change the society badly in the form of sociological, economical and physiological changes. For the welfare of common people and self, industrialists have to espouse the newer and effectual technologies to minimise the risk of loosing the business. In industries, every equipment plays an imperative function and its malfunction leads to heavy cost, fearing of loosing the business forever. The present study to resolute the expenditure inference conjures up of maintenance of boilers at Sugar Plant. For this, a preemptive Goal Programming conjures up by considering foremost influencing factors. Any alteration in these factors, maintenance time also gets ostentatious. However, these factors are sublevelled more for an accurate conjecture of optimal maintenance time. Finally, the conjure up is worked out within 3% variation from the benchmark jobs involved.


The Pterodon genus comprises two native species in Brazil, known as "sucupira-branca" or "faveira". Their fruits have long been used in Brazilian natural medicine, mainly for the treatment of infections and inflammations. The pharmacological properties of these fruits have often been linked with vouacapane diterpenoids. This review evaluated the scientific research in the period from 1973 to February 2017, aiming to answer how difficult it still is to develop a scientifically supported product based on Pterodon vouacapanes. Therefore, this paper reviews purification, identification, and quantification methods applied to vouacapane diterpenoids from Pterodon, as well as the performance of these phytochemicals in pharmacological tests described in the literature. Data analysis results support conventional notions that suggest vouacapane diterpenoids from Pterodon have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the studies carried out so far still represent partial assessment of the vouacapane activities and further studies need to be completed. Pterodon diterpenoids have also been associated with larvicidal, leishmanicidal, cardiovascular, and antitumor activities, which reinforces the genus' potential as a source of phytomedicines. Some remaining gaps about the reviewed activities were mentioned, while trends and perspectives for future research were proposed. © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open he CC access article under t


T he cells in our bodies, like those of all living things, encode information in so-called signaling molecules. Cells release these molecules to relay messages to other cells (for example, between neurons in the brain) and to send signals to themselves (which occurs during embryo growth). Cells also use these molecules to internally transmit information between elements of their soupy insides. The concentrations of these molecules constantly change, so researchers looking to understand a given cell-signaling process typically performmultiple measurements on the system, one after another. Now scientists at the Physics Laboratory of the École Normale Supérieure, France, show that those researchers could obtain more information from twomeasurements if they analyze them collectively, rather than sequentially [1].


Objective To observe the clinical efficacy in the treatment of tinea cruris by naftifine/ketoconazole cream.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with tinea versicolor were randomly divided into trial group and control group.Naftifine / ketoconazole cream were applied in the trial group.Miconazole nitrate cream were applied in the control group.Both were used in the morning and evening.Clinical and mycological therapeutic effects were evaluated in 2 weeks of treatment and in 3 weeks of drug withdrawal.Results The effective rates in the treatment group and control group were 92.5% and 76.25% respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).Fungs clearance rate of the treatment group was 97.50% whereas control group was 87.5% at the end of 2 weeks treatment.There was significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).The effective rates in the treatment group and control group were 96.25% and 75.00% respectively,there was significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).Fungs clearance rate of the treatment group was 97.50% whereas control group was 85.00% at discontinued 3 weeks.There was significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05).No obvious adverse reaction.Conclusion Naftifine / ketoconazole cream in treatment of tinea cruris is effect and safe.


This report is intended: (1) to give local program developers and guidance practitioners an adequate base for conceptualizing and improving their programs for support personnel; (2) to provide a resource of concepts and of information about other programs; (3) to offer interested readers a comprehensive interdisciplinary coverage of the field of support personnel; and (4) to offer the guidance profession and its national organizations specific proposals and recommendations for consideration regarding support personnel in school guidance. Chapter One gives the basis for support personnel. Emerging patterns for support personnel is discussed in Chapter Two. This includes role perception, working conditions, and training. Chapter Three offers surveys of opinion on support personnel. Chapter Four presents an integrative position on support personnel in school guidance. Also included are recommendations for training, roles, recruitment, and supervision of personnel. Chapter Five discusses the future, evaluation needs, and action needs regarding support personnel. (Author/KJ)


We address the problem of building a reliable distributed read/write storage from unreliable storage units, e.g. a collection of servers, of which up to one-third can fail by not responding or by undetectably corrupting the data stored on them. Our contribution consists in the development of Byzantine-resilient storage algorithms that for the first time combine strong consistency and liveness guarantees with space-efficiency. Previous solutions featuring equivalent properties resort to storing an unlimited number of data versions in the storage units, thus eventually running into problems of space exhaustion.


According to the MATLAB terrace and the limited amount of experimental data,a BP neural network model of the bonded NdFeB magnet is built on neural network for its nonlinear mapping and generalization abilities.The model takes the craft parameter as input,and the magnetic property parameters as output.The accuracy of ANN model is tested by the test sample.The experimental results show that the way using ANN network technology in material preparation crafts optimizing,can obviously shorten the experimental period and improve the craft designing efficiency.Therefore,the modeling method is effective and the model is available.


The influence of surface roughness on the pitting potential using the electrochemical microcell technique is reported. Two Al-Mg-Si model alloys of varying manganese content were investigated. With potentiodynamic anodic polarization in 0.1 M NaCI solutions and with different sizes of exposed area it is shown, that a critical defect density is present which controls the pitting potential at small polarization potentials. This defect density is related to the crevice distance. With smoother polished surfaces a larger crevice distance is measured. The pitting potential measured on an exposed area smaller than the crevice distance reveals that small effects of the alloying element Mn become visible. For the fine polished surface it is shown that the addition of 0.5 wt% Mn to the model alloy lowers the pitting potential.


Categories and characteristics of the floating debris upstream of hydro plants are described. Loads acting on the structure guiding floating debris, the movement,and the physical and mathematical models of the structure are presented.