Music is generally considered to be a life-giving force – animating, bringing about transformation, and generally making things happen. Consequently, it tends to be more commonly associated with life than with death. However, of course, life and death are two sides of the same coin and it seems only natural that people should turn to music for answers when death enters their lives. During these critical episodes, characterised by uncertainty and vulnerability, musical experiences can serve valuable stabilising and regenerative functions; as most people would readily acknowledge, music has a pronounced ability to summon complexes of emotion and memory to the conscious foreground (sometimes from deep recesses of the mind), helping to reaffirm personal identities and values and to clarify the nature of relationships with significant others in life, be they dead, dying, or in relatively good health. In short, music helps people to reestablish order from out of the death-induced disarray, so that they can begin to formulate effective strategies for moving forwards into the next phases of their lives. Although this relationship between music and death – the former acting as a countermeasure to offset the psychological effects of the latter – is a particularly conspicuous theme, recurring throughout much of this issue, there are however many other ways in which music and death are brought into close association in human life. The eight articles presented here examine a host of different music/death associations, addressing their appearance in everyday life, the media, clinical therapeutic contexts, postdeath rituals, and other performance events. The first two articles consider how music can affect the lives of people who are approaching death. Tia DeNora interprets poignant moments of listening together, shared by family members within the sphere of everyday life. Particular pieces, styles, or musicians encourage memories to surface, reconnecting individuals with specific phases in their pasts. As DeNora demonstrates, with each subsequent revisiting of the music fresh associations are established, which may well be summoned in future listenings – right up to the person's death and beyond, in the listening experiences of the bereaved. Depending on the constellation of emotions and interactions of the particular moment, a listening experience can be a source of pleasure – the precious gem at the heart of a 'good time' – or sadness, when feelings of loss (impending or already passed) overwhelm any sense of pleasure in continuance. DeNora shows how responses are often at odds with what listeners are expecting.


: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder that adversely affects the mother and the fetus. According to the current knowledge, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are the major contributing factors to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Oxidative stress increases during preeclampsia which enhances free radical mediated lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to estimate the plasma levels of Malondialdehyde, a lipid peroxidation product and to correlate it with the serum lipid profile alterations in preeclamptic women. METHODS 50 women with preeclampsia and 50 normal pregnant women who were matched for maternal and gestational age were selected for the study. Fasting venous samples were collected and plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were estimated. Plasma Malondialdehyde was estimated by spectrophotometric method. RESULTS MDA, TC, TGL, LDL and VLDL levels were significantly elevated (p0.001) and HDL level was significantly reduced (p0.001) in preeclamptic patients when compared to the control group. MDA was found to have a significant positive correlation with TC, TGL, LDL and VLDL (p0.01) and a significant negative correlation with HDL (p0.01) in preeclamptic cases. CONCLUSION The present study indicates that dyslipidemia leads to excessive lipid peroxidation which in turn results in increased oxidative stress in preeclampsia. The resultant endothelial dysfunction may contribute to the increased risk of future cardiovascular disease in preeclamptic women.


When the bandwidth of the bandpass filter in the simulation is narrower than 5nm, bound state pulse will be generated under strong pump while noise-like pulse will be generated when bandwidth is larger than 5nm.


The properties of high quality single side and double side YBa2Cu2O7-δ (YBCO) thin films deposited on LaA1O3 substrates by pure oxygen d.c. sputtering are reported. The single side films are highly c-axis oriented with their a (or b) axis parallel to that of the substrate. The critical temperature is higher than 91 K with transition width less than 0.5 K, while the critical current density Jc is higher than 3 MA/cm2 at 77 K. The best double side samples exhibit no appreciable differences in the superconducting properties of the films deposited on the two different sides. X-ray analyses show in both cases highly c-axis oriented thin films with comparable values of the c-axis length (1.169 nm). The microwave properties are tested by a microstrip resonator technique. The surface resistance is lower than 80 μΩ at 77 K and f=5.4 GHz while the penetration depth at low temperature is in the range 150-200 nm.


The research was conducted to examine the relationship between, role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention among faculty members of private sector universities and also to find out the moderating role of goal orientation in the relationship between role ambiguity and turnover intention. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant relationship among role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention. It was also hypothesized that role ambiguity would predict turnover intention among teachers of private sector universities. Another hypothesis was that goal orientation would moderate the relationship between role ambiguity and turnover intention. And last hypothesis was that there would be significant relationship among demographic variables, role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention. A sample of 250 faculty members (N = 250) age 30-45 (125 Male; 50%, 125 Females; 50%) of different private sector universities of Lahore was taken. The Role Ambiguity Scale (Rizzo et al., 1970), Goal Orientation Scale (Button, Mathieu & Zajac, 1996) and the Turnover Intention Scale (Roodt, 2004) were used to measure the study variables. Correlation analysis showed that there is positive relationship between role ambiguity and goal orientation. Role ambiguity and turnover intention have negative correlation. The results also showed that there is negative relationship between goal orientation and turnover intention. Findings also revealed role ambiguity to be the most significant predictor of turnover intention. Results also reported that there were non- significant gender difference in role ambiguity, goal orientation and turnover intention. The study can be implicated for many people including psychologists, teachers, researchers, business administrators, industrial workers and employees also helpful for them as well as their family.


Eight plants that were equipped with several types of driers and that produced a variety of dried milk products were surveyed for Salmonella contamination. Each plant had a history of Salmonella isolations from finished product. Sampling included production fractions as well as tailings and environmentals. Distribution of salmonellae was not random in fractions of product obtained during a day's operation. One-fourth of the 277 samples of the first product through the system (animal feed) contained salmonellae; this was a higher frequency than the 5.6% positive tests observed in 963 samples of other fractions produced later during daily operation. The incidence of Salmonella isolations in these food-grade products also was lower than that observed in 873 tailings samples (10.5%), in 1125 air filter samples (23.6%), and in 763 environmental samples (21.1%). However, plants with Salmonella-positive air filters or environmentals were able, on occasion, to manufacture product free of salmonellae. Results of t...


The Regge-pole elementary particle theory predicts the existence of a spin-2 particle having the quantum numbers of the vacuum and with a mass of the order of 1.0 to 1.4 Bev. The particle could decay into two pi mesons and should be observed as a pi - pi resonance with isotopic spin T = 0. Experimental evidence is presented for the existence of such a particle. Using a 3 Bev/c separated pi - beam and the BNL 20-inch hydrogen bubble chamber, the reactions pi /sup -/ + p yields pi /sup -/ + pi /sup 0/ + p and pi /sup -/ + p yields pi /sup -/ + pi /sup +/ + n were studied. Plots of the data obtained irom these reactions are presented and analyzed. It is concluded that there is evidence for a T = 0 particle or resonance, the f/sup 0/, at an energy of 1250 plus or minus 25 Mev, with a width of 100 plus or minus 50 Mev. The spin was not determined, but is thought to be either 0 or 2. (H.D.R.)


Logical consequence in first-order predicate logic is defined substitutionally in set theory augmented with a primitive satisfaction predicate: An argument is defined to be logically valid iff there is no substitution instance with true premisses and a false conclusion. Substitution instances are permitted to contain parameters. Variants of this definition of logical consequence are given: Logical validity can be defined with or without identity as a logical constant, and quantifiers can be relativized in substitution instances or not. It is shown that the resulting notions of logical consequence are extensionally equivalent to versions of first-order provability and thus model-theoretic consequence. Every modeltheoretic interpretation has a substitutional counterpart, but not vice versa. In particular, in contrast to the model-theoretic account, there is a trivial intended interpretation on the substitutional account, namely the homophonic interpretation that does not substitute anything. Applications to free logic, second-order logic, and theories and languages other than set theory are sketched. 1 The Substitutional Analysis of Logical Consequence In what could be called semantic theories of logical consequence – as opposed to proof-theoretic analyses –, logical consequence is defined as truth preservation under all interpretations. In model-theoretic semantics, interpretations are conceived as formal set-theoretic models. However, this is only a very recent understanding of interpretation. Traditionally, in order to refute the formal validity of an argument, logicians showed that there is a substitution instance with true premisses but a false conclusion. Such an interpretation is a substitutional counterexample to the argument in question. In the present paper I attempt to revive the substitutional understanding of interpretation and make the informal substitutional account precise in a mathematical setting for first-order predicate logic. The substitutional account of logical consequence advanced in this paper contrasts with earlier substitutional definitions of logical truth and consequence by Quine [20] 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 03A05, 03B10


The goals of this study were to discover what inclusion looked like and what meaning inclusion had for participants when it was implemented as part of a district and university restructuring initiative. Participant observation and interviews at the school, district, and university were employed. Results did not indicate any movement of special education students to general education. However, participants at the school called their efforts "inclusion." Two themes best explained this failure to understand and implement inclusion: culture of segregation and leadership. Findings are discussed in terms of applicability to other inclusion and school reform efforts.


∗Conventional XML to RDF conversions are usually built on manually designed mapping rules. In this paper we propose neural machine translation model XML to RDF Transformer (TransXR) for automatic XML to RDF conversion. TransXR follows Transformer encoder-decoder architecture, modifying it by restricting self-attention and extending FFN to capture edge linkage in XML and RDF. Experimental results show high conversion accuracy even for illegal XML documents such as missing tags.


An automatic assembly method of reconfigurable modular parallel manipulators based on SolidWorks environment is presented.On this basic theory of modular construct of parallel manipulators,Call SolidWorks API function in VB to realize automatic assembly of reconfigurable modular parallel ma-nipulators.Using this method,the automatic assembly of symmetrical and asymmetrical planar parallel manipulators,in-parallel actuated pyramid manipulators,spherical parallel manipulators and platform par-allel manipulators will be realize.Because of having realized the function of automatic assembly of spatial parallel manipulators,design period is reduced and design efficency is improved at a large extent.Practice shows this design program is feasible and effective,and has certain instructive effect on the unification modular design of parallel manipulators.The design idea can be used for some large assembly design of oth-er industry.


An open learning environment is helpful to students for their all-around development.Class advisers should create an open learning environment in class for their students by creating democratic and efficient institutional conditions,a harmonious and cordial material setting,and a loving and cooperating environment.


Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (CSII) on glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c), total daily dose of insulin (TDD), weight, episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), severe hypoglycaemia, hospital admissions due to any other causes at 12 months of CSII therapy and to identify the predictive factors for good response to treatment, in patients attending the Townsville hospital diabetes centre. Methodology: This is a retrospective quality assurance single centre study. A total of 105 type 1 diabetes patients on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) were identified from 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2014 of whom; only 52 patients had sufficient data to be included in the study. The HbA1c, total daily dose of insulin and weight were collected 4 months before, after and at 12 months of CSII therapy. Patients demographic details, variables related to disease, treatment and follow up were also recorded. Results: Among the 52 patients analysed, 34.6% were males. The base line median HbA1c for females and males were 8.5% and 8.6% respectively. A significant reduction in baseline median HbA1c (8.6%) was noted both at 4 months {0.6%, (p=0.035)} and 12 months {0.7% (p=0.001)} of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy. The statistically significant reduction in HbA1c at 4 months was maintained at 12 months (p=0.025). At 12 months of CSII therapy a median HbA1c level of 7.7% was noted in those more than thirty years and 8.6% in less than 30 years of age. The median HbA1c was 7.8% in those who had diabetes for more than 10 years and 8% in less than 10 years. There was no difference in the median HbA1c in females (7.8%) and males (7.9%) at 12months of CSII therapy. At 4 months, the greatest reduction in HbA1c (1.1%) was observed in those who had a base line HbA1c of > 10%. A significant reduction in baseline median total daily dose (TDD) of insulin (57 units) noted both at 4 months (29.9 units (p Conclusions: This study adds to the existing literature that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy significantly improves glycaemic control, reduced the total daily dose of insulin and had no effect on weight over 12 months. In our study age 10% prior to commencement of therapy are predictors of poor glycaemic outcome at 12 months. Duration of diabetes and gender did not influence the glycaemic outcomes at 12 months.


Although some studies have identified parasites in green turtles (Chelonia mydas), little is known about the morphology of helminth eggs in the feces of these animals. The aim of this study was to morphologically characterize helminth eggs recovered in coproparasitological exams by sedimentation and to analyze their relationship with helminth species recovered during necropsy of juvenile specimens of C. mydas. Four different egg morphotypes were found, identified, and classified as digenetic trematodes of the families Microscaphidiidae, Cladorchiidae, and Spirorchiidae. There was morphological diversity in the size of the eggs measured directly in adult parasites, with sizes ranging from 19.07 to 99.28 μm in length and from 11.35 to 45.66 μm in width. The observation of eggs on coproparasitological exams is important for studying the ecology of sea turtle parasites, since the life cycle of some species is not yet fully understood.


Removal is the most important reason for terminating the use of IUDs, and side effect is the main reason for removing IUDs. This paper estimated the occurrence rates of side effects perceived by users of IUDs and studied the relationships between side effects and types of IUDs, results of use and preferences for contraceptives. Data were drawn from "the Follow-up Survey of Contraceptive users" conducted by Taiwan Provincial Institute of Famiy Planning in 1985. Besides the result showed form the descriptive data, it appeared some possible relationships: (1) 46.6% of the users perceived to have side effects and at least half of them terminating the use of IUDs for the side effects. (2) There was no relationship between side effects and types of IUDs. But side effects had influences on the duration of use and future preferences for contraceptives. (3) It may be true that IUDs were sometimes blamed for the complaints which were not relative to IUDs. (4) Users with uncomfortable experience in IUDs may be persuaded to accept ligation more easily. (5) Occurrence rate of self-perceptive side effects was lowest while IUDs were inserted by private hospitals or clinics.


Multiplication of Balb/C mouse resident peritoneal macrophages was observed, when all the cells collected in the washing fluid of the peritoneal cavity were seeded in appropriate culture medium. This multiplication began only after the appearance of a confluent monolayer of flat cells, referred to as "mesothelial" cells. The macrophages produced passed from the "mesothelial" cell layer to the suspension and could be passaged indefinitely. Each culture underwent an identical cycle of events which always included the appearance of a confluent monolayer of "mesothelial" cells. The cells transferred were characterized by their ability to phagocytose yeasts, and by the presence of Fc receptors and cytoplasmic non‐specific esterases.


Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic disease characterized by auto-antibody positivity, vasculopathy, and progressive fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. Life expectancy in SSc is decreased due to reasons both related to the involvement of the disease or not related to the disease. Although mortality rate due to SSc have decreased over the years, it still remains increased compared to the general population. In our study, we aimed to report the main causes of death and associated clinical, laboratory and demographic characteristics of SSc patients followed in our center. Among 168 patients followed up with the diagnosis of SSc in Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine Rheumatology Polyclinic between 2007 and 2022, 157 patients who fulfilled the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria were included. Most of the patients (66.4%) were women (88%) with limited skin involvement and the disease duration was 10.3 (±6.3) years. During the 15-year follow-up, 23 (14.6%) patients died. The patients who died were older at the time of diagnosis with more digital ulcers (active and inactive) and malignancy. There was no difference between the two patient groups in terms of auto-antibody and major organ involvements. The most common cause of death in our cohort was infection (n=5, 21.7%), and 3 (13%) of these patients died due to COVID19 and 2 (8.7%) due to pneumonia due to other infectious agents. The second most common cause of death after infection was found to be malignancy (n=4, 17.4%). As a result of Cox regression analysis, an increase of approximately 1 year in age at diagnosis was associated with a 10-fold increase in the risk of death (hazard ratio (HR) = 10.93; 95% CI = 10.51-11.37). In conclusion, our study contributes to the few survival data reported to date from SSc cohorts in our country that are carefully followed. While interpreting our results, it should be considered that the clinical features of SSc patients may show geographical and ethnic differences.


The increasing task computation complexity and limited battery has become a serious concern for smartphones. To reduce the task computation delay and save the smartphone battery usage, there have been many efforts to offload the tasks from the mobile device to the remote cloud with a much higher computation ability. However, offloading tasks to cloud will cause extra transmission delays and energy consumption. In reality, timely task execution is very important because the task's utility decays with time. Therefore, there exists a delay-energy trade-off. This paper addresses the aforementioned challenge. The smartphone should take advantage of the cloud in high computation speed so that the smartphone can achieve the maximum utility with limited battery. We get a 2-approximation schedule on expectation by using a LP rounding algorithm. The real trace experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


The complex formation in the oppositely charged linear and flexible polyelectrolytes:  quaternized poly(vinylpyridinium) (QPVP) and poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) was investigated by static and dynamic light scattering (LS), flow birefringence (FB), and viscometry over a wide range of mixing ratios 0.003 ≤ m ≤ 0.9. NaPPS/QPVP systems in N-methylformamide + 0.01 M KBr generated complexes with fractal geometries. The observed clusters were stable and had average dimensions Rg ≈ Rh ≈ 1000 A at low and high mixing ratios. As the mixing ratio approached m = 0.4, which corresponds to the gel point, the number and the dimensions of clusters grew to R ≈ 1500−3000 A with a corresponding increase of the fractal parameter d ≈ 3. According to FB data, the axial ratio of the clusters at the gel point m = 0.4 was p = L/d = 1.07, which supports a model with spherical shape.


How to trigger aperiodic sounding reference signal, a base station and a user equipment UE. Method, if the UE sends the scheduling request Losing synchronous or from the UE to the base station fails, by the UE, resource for transmission of aperiodic sounding reference signal configuration for the base station the UE the not release; the UE will perform a random access process; and, if the random access is successful, by the UE, the base station has transmitted, for instructing transmission of aperiodic sounding reference signal to the UE based on the instruction information includes the base station on the unreleased resources for transmission of aperiodic sounding reference signal configuration for the UE, and transmits the aperiodic sounding reference signal. By the embodiment, the base station to quickly acquire the CSI of UE, can be rapidly scheduling for the uplink data transmission of the UE.


This project designs and develops the virtual agricultural Internet of things experimental platform system, which is embodied in the form of website. This project carries out the learning and application of Internet of things technology in the form of virtual experiment, which can enable students to deeply understand the technical links involved in the application of Internet of things, and deepen students' understanding of how to apply modern Internet of things technology to solve agricultural problems. At the same time, it can help traditional agriculture solve the difficulties in moving towards informatization and provide technical support for the Agricultural Internet of things. This paper introduces the implementation process of the system in detail from the modules of demand analysis, system outline design, system detailed design, system implementation and system test. The system is developed with Python programming language, Django as the framework and MySQL as the database. The system mainly realizes the functions of agricultural information import and early warning, information visualization and index analysis. The system has simple and beautiful interface, reasonable architecture and coordinated color matching. The test shows that the system runs stably and can run compatible on several mainstream browsers.


ABSTRACT:In a joint interview, shortly after the release of In Between (2016), writer-director Maysaloun Hamoud and lead actress Mouna Hawa proclaimed that the primary aim of the film was to render visible the otherwise invisible lives of young Palestinian women living in Tel-Aviv-Jaffa—an unclassifiable group that forms a minority within a minority within a minority. By what means can a minority relegated to an invisible existence be represented and what is the ethical import of films which grapple with the absence of a feminine space and the impossibility of its representation? These challenges take center stage in several works of contemporary Israeli and Palestinian women filmmakers. While the historical (and present) circumstances and contexts underlying the production of their work differ, the directorial sensibilities which populate the aesthetic fabric of such films point to the emergence of collective assemblages of enunciation that transgress essentialist categorizations.


A compact, ruggedized fiber optic IR reflectance probe for remote, in-situ screening of underground waste sites has been developed. Using cabled chalcogenide optical fibers and a FTIR system, remote spectroscopy has been performed over distances of 20 meters. This paper discusses the design and performance of this system.


IFRS 17 aims to provide a unified basis for accounting for all types of insurance contracts, including reinsurance contracts, in a manner that benefits both investors and insurance companies and enhances the ability of the financial statements of insurance companies for comparison between companies listed in financial markets around the world. According to this standard, insurance contracts are accounted for on the basis of the Asset-Liability Approach and the use of fair values that the standard requires updating regularly in order to provide more useful information to the users of financial statements, as a result of the failure of reporting requirements for insurance contracts in the Iraqi environment to provide adequate and honestly representative information about the result of the activity and the financial position as a result of the failure of the requirements of the unified accounting system for banks and insurance companies with regard to providing appropriate bases for recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts compared to IFRS 17. Consequently, the insurance contracts audit program prepared by the Federal Board of supreme audit is insufficient and lacks the necessary procedures, also, this program includes audit procedures for insurance companies only and does not include companies that deal in contracts of an insurance nature, as well as the absence of an integrated program or guide approved by private auditing companies and offices in the Iraqi environment for the purpose of auditing these contracts, which requires a statement of the importance of adopting the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS 17 and its reflection on the audit procedures that auditors must adopt when auditing insurance contracts. The two researchers relied on the opinions of a sample of academics and professionals specialized in this field by preparing a questionnaire that focused on the importance of adopting IFRS 17 and the reflection of adoption on the procedures for auditing these contracts in the Iraqi environment. The most prominent finding of the research is the need to adopt IFRS 17 because it provides clear and specific guidelines that help provide more useful information to users of financial statements in companies that deal in insurance contracts, as well as the impact of adopting this standard on the insurance contract audit procedures approved by the Federal Board of supreme audit and private auditing companies and offices in the Iraqi environment


District energy systems (DESs) have become a popular form of satisfying comprehensive energy demands for different types of loads in multiple local buildings. For DESs, the operational flexibility could be maintained by energy conversion and storage facilities. This paper proposes a hierarchical optimization framework for leveraging and aggregating the DES flexibility to provide contingency reserves. To characterize and quantify the flexibility in individual DESs, the concept of available reserve profile, which is measured by a set of indices, is established. A two-stage robust optimization (RO) model is developed for calculating the indices, which considers the uncertainties associated with wind power and ambient temperature. The lower stage of the two-stage model is managed by district energy system operators (DESOs) which submit reserve profiles to the district energy system coordinator (DESC) at the upper stage, which is responsible for the coordination process. Correspondingly, information privacy is preserved using a coordinated data-sharing strategy. Using reserve profiles submitted by multiple DESOs, the DESC applies the proposed coordination model to provide a certain reserve capacity schedule to DESs, which satisfies the stated objectives. The coordination model is formulated and solved based on the special ordered set (SOS) technique and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A test system is developed to illustrate the technical viability and economic feasibility of the proposed technique.


A 7-ns 140-mW 1-Mb CMOS SRAM was developed to provide fast access and low power dissipation by using high-speed circuits for a 3-V power supply: a current-sense amplifier and pre-output buffer. The current-sense amplifier shows three times the gain of a conventional voltage-sense amplifier and saves 60% of power dissipation while maintaining a very short sensing delay. The pre-output buffer reduces output delays by 0.5 ns to 0.75 ns. The 6.6- mu m/sup 2/ high-density memory cell uses a parallel transistor layout and phase-shifting photolithography. The critical charge that brings about soft error in a memory cell can be drastically increased by adjusting the resistances of poly-PMOS gate electrodes. This can be done without increasing process complexity or memory cell area. The 1-Mb SRAM was fabricated using 0.3- mu m CMOS quadrupole-poly and double-metal technology. The chip measures 3.96 mm*7.4 mm (29 mm/sup 2/). >


The ingenious and persistent researches of the Swedish geologist, Baron Gerard de Geer, have taught us when the last Ice Period came to an end here in the north. The ice began to melt and retire from the southern coast of Scania 15,000 years before our time. There cannot be more than an error of a few centuries in this calculation. But the southern border of the enormous ice-masses covering the north of Europe in the last Ice Period was not on the south coast of Scania; it lay farther south, in Brandenburg. It is uncertain what length of time was necessary for the ice to retire from Brandenburg to Scania. However, if we consider how slowly the melting was going on in the first millenniums, and how long it took for the ice to melt in the southern part of Sweden, it is highly probable that about 5,000 years were required to transfer the ice border from its most southerly point to Scania. Consequently, the beginning of the melting period in our northern region, i.e. the end of the last Ice Period in northern Europe, must fall about 20,000 years before our time.


Background: Subtrochanteric fractures are often difficult to treat and may well be associated with a mortality of more than 20%. The subtrochanteric region is the site of very high mechanical stresses, the medial and posteromedial cortices were subject to high compressive forces whereas the lateral cortex experiences high tensile forces. Operative management is the treatment of choice to achieve the goals of early rehabilitation and optimal functional recovery. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate functional outcome of the subtrochanteric fractures -both high energy and low energy -treated by PFN. Functional as well as anatomical results were evaluated with regard to pain, limping, activities, deformity and range of movements. The present study was done with the hope to find out a solution for the treatment of unstable comminuted subtrochanteric fractures. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 patients with subtrochanteric fractures presenting in the Department of Orthopaedics from August 2015 to August 2016 were treated by closed intramedullary nailing using PFN and the peroperative and postoperative complications and the functional outcome were studied. All the data was arranged in a tabulate form and analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square test was applied as a test of significance. Probability value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Out of the 24 patients 16 (66.66%) were males and 8 (33.34%) were females. Most of the cases came under. Type IB (62.50%) and Type IA (20.84%). There were 8.3% cases each of Type II A and Type II B. In this study, 14 cases (58.34%) were locked proximally and distally with 2 screws each. In 4 cases (16.66%), 2 proximal screws and 1 distal screw, in 2 cases of intertrochanteric fracture, only 2 proximal screws were used. Average duration taken for union in this study was 4.5 months (Ranges from 3 months to 7.5 months). 22 (90%) united by 6 months. There were no cases of infection. No shortening in 10 cases. Less than 1 cm shortening in 9 cases and 3.2 cm shortening in one case was found. Proximal screw penetration was noted in one case (RT type II A) at the time of 3 months follow up. Conclusion: PFN is a safe, effective and patient friendly device useful for the treatment of all subtrochanteric fractures irrespective of their comminution. Early mobilization and rehabilitation is possible since it is a closed intramedullary procedure.


It is important to include the behavior of load in studies of loss of generation and consequent load shedding and also in studies of long-term dynamics of a power system. This paper describes field test results of load characteristics in power system by using normal operating data. The necessary resolution of data for estimate of load characteristics are investigated and measuring devices are made according to this conclusion. Field test clarified magnitude of fluctuations in system frequency, bus voltage and active and reactive power of load under normal operating condition. Load-frequency and load-voltage characteristics constants are estimated from field test data. Fluctuations of system frequency and voltage behind the equivalent impedance are clarified to be independent to fluctuations of active and reactive power of the major bus load under the state of nominal frequency and voltage. The presuppositions of the proposed method are verified to be sound.


The present paper is a preliminary morphological study on the "palptrochanteralorgan" of gamasoid mites, the name of which is synonymous with Fonseca's "orgao pal-pal or Palpenorgan" and "palpal sensorial organ". Based upon the palptrochanteral organ of Eulaelaps shanghaensis Wen, 1962, thedetails of its structure are summarized as follows: The palptrochanteral organ (pto) is capsular in structure which sinks into theinterno-lateral wall at the basal half of the palptrochanter to form a narrow scale ofleaf-like shape. This capsule is strengthened by a strongly sclerotized basal rod (br) ex-tending internolaterally from the base of the segment to the lower margin of the capsularorifice (or). In the cavity of the organ there are many peg-like projections (p) arranged along thelongitudinal axis and a larger central peg (cp) situated at the bottom. Arising fromthe lower dorsal lining of the orifice is a broad triangular spine-like process (mp) oftransparent and membranous appearance which covers the tip of the basal rod and pro-jects into the orifice. The paltrochanteral organ of the female mite of this spedes is well developed, andis considered as the basic type. This organ is also well developed in the male anddeutonymph and resembles the structure of the adult female. But in the protonymph itis weakly sclerotized, and in the larva it is only traceable. The structure of the female and male palptrochanteral organs generally was foundto be similar as those described by Fonseca, but with certain differences. The presence of this specialized organ is considered as a character common to thesuperfamily Gamasoidea, and is of functional as well as taxonomic and phylogenetic im-portance. This organ is regarded as a specialized composite sensory organ of the compoundcoeloconic type functioning mainly as olfactory and stress senses. A detailed morphological description of the organ with eight figures and five photosis given.


Subthreshold swing (S) is the figure of merit that determines the behavior of a transistor in the subthreshold region. The performance of the metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is fundamentally limited by the thermal voltage (kT/q), which leads to the theoretical minimum of S = 60mV/decade. We have recently proposed a multilayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based tunnel transistor as a possible replacement of the conventional silicon MOSFET. MoS2 is considered as the new super material for post-silicon technology. The proposed quantum mechanical band-to-band-tunneling (BTBT) mechanism based TFET with multilayer MoS2 channel has the potential to achieve subthreshold swing below 60mV/decade. This paper provides a clear understanding of the subthreshold swing characteristics of the proposed device. In addition to explaining the underlying physics, this paper presents an analytical model of the subthreshold swing of the proposed device. The developed model reveals that the parameter S of the proposed TFET is independent of the thermal potential (kT/q), which means that the thermionic limitation of the conventional and emerging FETs will not affect the proposed device.


Organic polymers or copolymers containing pendant, optionally protected carbonyl groups and pendant, optionally protected diol groups in the same polymer molecule or in different polymer molecules are crosslinked in the presence of acidic catalysts with formation of 1,3-dioxane or 1,3-dioxolane groups. Similar crosslinking bridges can be formed from said pendant groups with the corresponding coreactive groups of a low-molecular-weight crosslinking agent.


The effect of feed rate and peripheral speed on power requirement, threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, grain damage and losses of a spike tooth cylinder type multi-crop thresher on mungbean were studied. Three feed rates of 6.0, 7.1 and 8.3q/h and four peripheral speeds of 17.3, 18.5, 20.1 and 21.6 m/s were selected. The straw grain ratio was 1.8:1. The best performance was observed for a feed rate of 7.1q/h and peripheral speed of 20.1 m/s at which the threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, grain damage and total grain losses were obtained as 100%, 98.34%, 0.45% and 0.48% respectively.


A calculus for (radial) upper convex approximations is developed and mean value properties of nondifferentiable functions are presented. The mean value theorems are formulated with radial upper convex approximations and are of equality type. Some applications in nonsmooth analysis are studied.


Aim: To investigate the renal hemodynamic effects of SGLT-2i therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes [T2D].
 Design & Methods: We recruited 24 drug naïve T2D, not receiving ACEi/ARBs. GFR [>100ml/min/1.73m2] was measured with Iohexol clearance and renal plasma (blood) flow [RP(B)F] with PAH clearance divided by (1-Hct). Mean arterial pressure [MAP] and renal vascular resistance [RVR] were determined before and 4 months after dapagliflozin 10mg/day (DAPA, n=12); results were compared to T2D receiving metformin±glipizide to achieve similar glycemic reduction (CONTROL, n=12).
 Results: HbA1c decreased equally in DAPA (8.2±0.2 to 7.1±0.2%) and CONTROL (8.4±0.3 to 7.2±0.1%); body weight decreased in DAPA (89.9±4.0 to 86.2±4.2 kg) and rose in CONTROL (86.5±6.2 to 88.9±5.5 kg). GFR [ml/min/1.73m2] declined in DAPA (118±5 to 103±5) but not in CONTROL (113±6 vs. 114±7) (p<0.01). RPF [ml/min] did not change in DAPA (668±65 vs. 676±70) and CONTROL (630±40 vs. 629±39), while filtration fraction [FF] decreased in DAPA (18±1 vs. 15±1%) but not in CONTROL (18±2 vs. 18±2%) (p<0.05). MAP [mmHg] declined in DAPA (95.4±2.6 vs. 89.9±2.5) but not in CONTROL (90.3±4.1 vs. 90.7±2.1) (p<0.05). Thus, calculated RVR [mmHg/L/min] in DAPA decreased (87.0±4.2 to 77.6±2.9), whereas it did not change (86.2±3.8 to 86.4±4.2) in CONTROL after 4 months of therapy (p<0.05).
 Conclusion: Despite equal glycemic control, treatment with dapagliflozin, but not with metformin+glipizide, reduced glomerular filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance. Thus, unlike studies in T1D, our data suggest that in T2D post-glomerular vasodilatation is the predominant reno-protective mechanism of SGLT-2 inhibitors. Concomitant pre-glomerular vasoconstriction, however, cannot be excluded.

 Y.Qin: None. G.Baskoy: None. C.L.Triplitt: Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk. C.Solis-herrera: None. J.M.Adams: None. R.A.Defronzo: Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca, Bayer Inc., Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novo Nordisk, Research Support; AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Merck & Co., Inc., Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca. E.Cersosimo: None.

 AstraZeneca; Texas Diabetes Institute


The gas exploration of Lower Paleozoic in Ordos Basin has long been focusing on the stratigraphic trap gas reservoirs of paleo-weathering crust at the top of Ordovician.Recently,a further study on the accumulation mechanism of dolomite reservoirs has found new lithologic gas reservoirs in the middle assemblages of Ordovician in the east of the palaeouplift.These reservoirs were mainly developed in the dolomites of the 5th sub-member of 5th member of Majiagou Formation(Ma55),with significantly different characteristics from those of the weathering crust reservoirs at the top of Ordovician.As controlled by sedimentary environment,the Ma55 dolomites in the middle Ordovician assemblages were distributed in a belt of north-south direction.,The dolomite belt in western Jingbian County was close to the palaeouplift with strong hydrodynamic conditions and developed shoal facies,and thus the dolomite products after dolomitization are characterized by vast distribution area,large thickness,pure lithology,and south-north continuous distribution.These dolomites have developed intercrystalline pores and serve as the favorable reservoirs.In the late Caledonian,the uplift of the entire basin led to the denudation of strata in the middle assemblages in the east of the palaeouplift.This allowed the middle assemblages to be in contact with hydrocarbon source rocks in the Upper Paleozoic,thus forming a good source-reservoir relationship.Due to lithofacies variations,the dolomites of shoal facies in the Ma55 of middle assemblages formed lithological traps,thus favoring the gas accumulation.


Abstract We describe the period structure of the optimal continued fraction expansion of a quadratic surd, in terms of the period of its nearest square continued fraction expansion. The analysis results in a faster algorithm for determining the optimal continued fraction expansion of a quadratic surd.


Recent progress in manufacturing techniques has led to a wide range of new materials and components. Advance in material development has resulted in a wide range of new kind of materials as carbon composite and carbon fiber reinforced. The need, already consolidated, to investigate its properties (mechanical, electrical, thermal, etc.) arises and characterize the possible innovations by industrial sector such as aeronautics and aerospace, through the use of analysis techniques non-destructive (NDT). Common NDT techniques can be classified into seven major categories: visual (visual inspection), penetrating radiation (X-ray, and neutron imaging), magnetic-electrical (magnetic particle), mechanical vibration (ultrasonic, acoustic emission, and tapping), chemical/electrochemical (chemical spot testing), thermal (infrared thermography) and other optical methods (interferometry, holography, and shearography). More traditional non-destructive techniques (NDT) are not always effective as expected, and there is therefore a long-term need to use innovative NDT methods capable of provide reliable and quantitative information regarding damage status and integrity of materials. In the present work we focus on the development of specific tools of NDT for assuring the quality related to the fabrication of industrial components. The potential tool that will be take into consideration for inspection and detection of defects will mainly based on the following two main methods: ‐full-field optical techniques (such as profilometry, interferometry, sherography and thermography); ‐Laser ultrasound testing (LUT); The integrated and combinated use of different NDT (thermography, shearography and ultrasound) was necessary for a complete characterization of some types of composite materials.


Dynamic changes of pupil dilation represent an established indicator of cognitive load in cognitive sciences Exploitation of these insights regarding pupil dilation as an indicator of cognitive load for attention-aware Information and Communication (ICT) systems has been impeded due to restrictions of pupil analysis to a posteriori processing and exclusion of disturbing environmental factors. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes an algorithm based on Hoeks's pupil response model, enabling online analysis of pupil dilation for the dynamic interpretation of cognitive load as an input for interactive, attention-aware systems, which outperforms state-of-the-art approaches regarding complexity, accuracy, flexibility and computation time. Beyond mathematical pupil modeling, this paper identifies Environment Illumination compensation (IC), Blink Compensation (BC), Reference Baseline computation (RB) and Onset/Offset detection (OO) as crucial fields of research for the transfer of pupillometry from the laboratory into real-life application scenarios. Keywords–attention-aware; behavior analysis; public displays; implicit interaction


The invention discloses a control method capable of improving the COP value of a direct current variable-frequency compressor, which is characterized by controlling an IGBT in a driving circuit of a variable-frequency compressor to perform advanced phase shift according to a preset advanced phase shift electrical angle phi to shift to the next conductive state. The method comprises the following steps: determining a target rotation speed of the variable-frequency compressor according to the size of the load of a cooling system; measuring the actual rotation speed of the variable-frequency compressor to determine if the actual rotation speed of the variable-frequency compressor is equal to the target rotation speed; finding out the advanced phase shift electrical angle corresponding to theCOP value under the rotation speed of the variable-frequency compressor according to the rotation speed to obtain the advanced phase shift electrical angle of the target rotation speed; subtracting the advanced phase shift electrical angle from a theoretically calculated phase shift delay electrical angle to obtain an actual phase shift delay electrical angle; and controlling the IGBT in the driving circuit of the variable-frequency compressor to delay the actual phase shift delay electrical angle and shift to the next conductive state. In the invention, the COP value of the variable-frequency compressor is improved by adopting a phase shift point advancing method to keep the motor of the compressor working at a largest (larger) torque state all the time and reduce torque fluctuation.


1. A process - for being carried out offshore on a vessel, a platform or other installation - for conversion of a natural gas, especially an associated natural gas, to a synthetic crude oil and/or wax in two stages, wherein (1) the natural gas is converted to a synthesis gas consisting of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a synthesis gas unit, and (2) the synthesis gas is converted to a synthetic crude oil and/or wax in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, characterized in that the synthesis gas from stage (1) for the carrying out of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is introduced, in a slurry consisting of liquid products, finely divided catalyst particles and synthesis gas, into a reaction zone in a slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR reactor) wherein an internal separation of the liquid products from the remaining part of the slurry is effected. 2. A process according to Claim 1, characterized in that the synthesis gas from stage (1), after cooling and separation of water, is introduced into the bottom of the reaction zone in the slurry bubble column reactor, said reaction zone being arranged to accommodate for the slurry consisting of liquid products, finely divided catalyst particles and supplied synthesis gas, and to accomodate for a volume of gas above the slurry phase; that liquid product is separated from the remaining part of the slurry by means of a filtration section including a housing and a filter element which together define a filtrate zone having an outlet for the product filtrate, said filter element being arranged to be in contact with the slurry in the reaction zone; that fluid communication is established between the filtrate zone and the portion of the reaction zone containing the gas volume above the slurry phase; and that a mean pressure differential is established across the filter element. 3. A process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conversion of natural gas to a synthesis gas in stage (1) is effected by partial oxidation. 4. A plant for conversion of a natural gas, especially an associated natural gas, to a synthetic crude oil and/or wax in two stages, wherein (1) the natural gas is converted to a synthesis gas consisting of a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a synthesis gas unit, and (2) the synthesis gas from said unit is converted to a synthetic crude oil and/or wax in a Fischer-Tropsch unit, characterized in that the Fischer-Tropsch unit comprises one or more slurry bubble column reactors (SBCR reactors) each comprising a reactor zone arranged to contain a slurry consisting of liquid products, finely divided catalyst particles and synthesis gas, and in that the reactor(s) is/are arranged for internal separation of liquid products from the remaining part of the slurry. 5. A plant according to Claim 4, characterized in that each slurry bubble column reactor comprises: a vessel defining a reaction zone arranged to accommodate both the slurry phase and a volume of gas above the slurry phase; means for introducing the synthesis gas in the slurry phase in the lower region of the vessel; a filtration section arranged to separate liquid products from the slurry phase, including a housing which at least partially surrounds the vessel, and a filter element which together with said housing defines a filtrate zone having an outlet for the product filtrate, said filter element being arranged to be in contact with the slurry in the slurry zone; means establishing fluid communication between the filtrate zone and that part of the reaction zone which in use is to be occupied by the volume of gas above the slurry phase; and means for establishing a mean pressure differential across the filter element. 6. A plant according to Claim 5, characterized in that it is located on skids which can be secured easily exchangeably to a vessel, an offshore platform or other offshore installation. 7. A plant according to Claim 6, characterized in that it is adapted for installation on a FPSO vessel (FPSO = "Floating Production, Storage and Offloading").


Site History. House Architecture: Myron Hunt, 1905. Landscape: Myron Hunt, from 1905. Today: Garden not extant; house is a private residence.
Title, date, and subject information provided by Sam Watters, 2011.
Forms part of: Garden and historic house lecture series in the Frances Benjamin Johnston Collection (Library of Congress).
Condition caution: unmounted slide.
Penciled on sleeve (not by FBJ?): no. # 591 and "Myron Hunt, Pasadena, Calif."


Objective:To optimize the techniques for isolation and cryopreservation of primary rat hepatocytes.Methods:By improving traditional isolation methods and establishing an in situ recirculating collagenase perfusion through the portal vein,we want to improve the yield,viability and purity of primary rat hepatocytes and to reduce the cost of collagenase.Primary rat hepatocytes were cryopreserved at 1×10 7/ml in a suspension buffer containing 2% DMSO or 10% DMSO and were stored for 7 days,14 days or 2 months at -70℃ or in liquid nitrogen.After rapidly thawed hepatocytes were cultured for 7 days,their viabilities were measured by trypan blue exclusion (TBE) and MTT method,and the albumin (ALB) and lactodehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant of hepatocytes were analyzed.Results:By using the new technique,the hepatocyte yields have been improved to 1.584±0.525×10 8/100g rat body weight (BW),the viability of the hepatocytes is 95.2±2.9%,and purities better than 95%.At the same time,the cost of the collagenase has been reduced to 4.5mg/100g rat BW.The efficiency of cryopreservation is:(1)The viabilities of hepatocytes preserved in buffer containing 2% DMSO or 10% DMSO were ≥90% and ≥85% respectively.(2)The viabilities of hepatocytes cryopreserved in buffer containing 2% DMSO at -70℃ or in liquid nitrogen were all 90%-95%.(3)ALB synthesis was unaffected by different cryopreservation methods.(4)LDH in the supernatants of freshly cultured hepatocytes was equivalent to that of cryopreserved hepatocytes.Conclusion:Isolation technique of primary rat hepatocytes has been successfully improved.Freshly isolated hepatocytes suspended in buffer containing 2% MDSO can be cryopreserved for 2 moths at -70℃.These results have showed so far that the methods of isolation and cryopreservation of primary rat hepatocytes are optimized.


A studio full-length standing portrait of a well-dressed, unidentified man.
Inscription: Album inscribed at front "H.W. Robinson Beechworth 3rd Dec 1869".
Previous Control Number: BWP/13296
Previous Control Number: PA/240


We report on transport and tunneling measurements performed on ultrathin Pb/Ag (strong-coupled superconductor/normal metal) multilayers evaporated by quench condensation. The critical temperature and energy gap of the heterostructures oscillate with addition of each layer, demonstrating the validity of the Cooper limit model in the case of multilayers. We observe excellent agreement with a simple theory for samples with layer thickness larger than $30\mathrm{\AA{}}.$ Samples with single layers thinner than $30\mathrm{\AA{}}$ deviate from the Cooper limit theory. We suggest that this is due to the ``inverse proximity effect'' where the normal-metal electrons improve screening in the superconducting ultrathin layer and thus enhance the critical temperature.


Vaccination against Coronavirus disease-2019 is still occurring, and in the post-marketing surveillance phase of the circulation of COVID-19 vaccines, some rare and important adverse reactions are increasingly reported around the world. The use of large-scale vaccination programs is known to have generated concerns about adverse events after immunization. Bell's palsy has been described as a potential side effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. We present the case of a previously healthy 54-year-old female patient who developed Bell's palsy the morning after receiving the first dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine. She was discharged home with a diagnosis of Bell's palsy and improved on follow-up. The correlation between Bell's palsy and the Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is cause or coincidence? However, the causal relationship between the mRNA vaccine and Bell's palsy development should receive attention and needs to be further researched.


Objective To explore the feasibility of laryngeal mask in pediatric ophthalmic surgery by comparison of three kinds of general anesthesia:laryngeal mask,endotracheal intubation and mask oxygen. Methods Sixty children scheduled for ophthalmologic surgery were randomly divided into three groups(n=20 for each) group:Group A,laryngeal mask anesthesia,Group B,endotracheal intubation anesthesia and Group C,mask ventilation anesthesia. The blood pressure,heart rate,intraoperative pulse oxygen saturation,and postoperative throat pain and hoarseness were recorded before induction of anesthesia,at insertion and pull-out of tracheal intubation(laryngeal mask). Results The blood pressure and heart rate showed no significant change at insertion and pull-out of laryngeal mask in Group A compared with the basic value,while the blood pressure and heart rate showed a significant increase at insertion and pull-out of laryngeal mask in Group B compared with its pre-insertion(P0.05),and the postoperative follow up showed two cases of hoarseness. SpO2 was less than 90% in Group C,which was significantly higher than that in Groups A and B. Conclusion The laryngeal mask ventilation has little influence on respiration and circulation,more effectively than the mask ventilation and fewer complications than the endotracheal intubation. Therefore,it is the best choice for pediatric ophthalmologic surgery.


Frogs control garden pests such as insects and slugs, and serve as a food source for many larger wildlife species. Research on the substances frogs secrete through their skins has even led to the creation of new painkillers and antibiotics. Most frogs in Florida are reclusive and harmless to people, but two species of frogs that have invaded Florida can be harmful to humans and their pets. This 4-page fact sheet presents some facts about native frogs, describes the problems invasive frogs cause, and provides suggestions on how to cope with problem frogs. Written by Steve Johnson, Holly K. Ober, and William M. Giuliano, and published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, November 2014. (Photos: Steve Johnson, UF/IFAS)
WEC349/UW394: Managing Conflicts with Wildlife: Living with Frogs (ufl.edu)


Vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for trans-2-butene + methanol, + 1-propanol, + 2-propanol, + 2-butanol, and + 2-methyl-2-propanol were measured at 364.5 K with a static total pressure apparatus. Measured p−T−z (pressure−temperature−total composition) data were reduced to liquid and vapor phase compositions using Barker's method. An azeotropic point was found for trans-2-butene + methanol (x1 = 0.854; T = 364.52; p = 1385.1 kPa). Wilson model parameters were calculated. The fitted Legendre polynomial was compared against predictive UNIFAC and UNIFAC−Dortmund models, and an error analysis was made.


Based on the analysis of B3G evolution, base-band processing chips for mobile terminals are introduced. Key technologies for multi-mode mobile terminal base-band chips are discussed. Terminal technologies are thought to be the key of B3G, and terminal base-band chips are regarded as the core of terminal technologies. Therefore, a unified wireless development platform is required for the RD of multi-mode mobile terminal base-band processing chips.


In the Tenth-Five Years Period, the main part of China's economic efforts is to adjust its economic sturctures. Small and medium sized cities are the foundation of China's whole urbanization aystem. These cities are bridges and connections to bring the peasant economy to the modern industrial economy. Small and medium sized cities must keep in lines with the new tredns of macro economic sturctures, develop the advanced productivity and stride forward. Only through this way, small and medium sized cities can keep its foundation role in the modern society and bring its role into full play in the great waves of economic development.


A method determining frequency response function and road spectrum iteration steps for road simulation test was proposed and discussed here.The hydraulic engine mount(HEM) of a car was taken as a study objective,and the road spectrum exerted on the HEM was acquired in a proving ground.The road spectrum was reconstructed with a remote parameter control technology,and the results showed that the reconstructed road load agrees well with the original one.Also,the method determining the load block sequence was presented and discussed.The durability test for the HEM was conducted with MTS 833 test rig using the method proposed here.It was shown that the proposed method is effective for mount durability test.


The aim of this paper is to model degradation phenomena in a multi-unit context taking into account stochastic dependence between the units. Here, we intend to propose a model structure that allows in the same time enough complexity for the representation of phenomena and enough simplicity for the analytical calculations. More precisely, a multi-unit system is considered, which is submitted to a random stressing environment which arrives by shocks. The model takes into account two types of dependence between the components: firstly, a shock impacts all components at the same time; secondly, for a given shock, the deterioration increments of the different components are considered to be correlated. The intrinsic deterioration of the n (say) units is modeled through independent stochastic processes $(Z_t^{(i)})_{t \geq 0}$, with $1 \leq i \leq n$. Given the usual nature of the degradation phenomena, is it seems reasonable to suppose that each $(Z_t^{(i)})_{t \geq 0}$ should be a monotone process with continuous state space. Accordingly, the shocks are classically assumed to arrive independently, according to a Poisson process $(N_t)_{t \geq 0}$. The parameter estimation (moment method) and the reliability assessment are presented for any multi-unit systems with coherent structure. At last a numerical results is presented with a 3 units system.


The light emitting device 10 comprises a body 11 including a substrate 12 of p-type semiconductor material. The substrate has an upper surface 14, on one side of the upper surface, is formed in a substrate according to bulk semiconductor manufacturing process using a lateral active region separation techniques, a first n Substrate provides a coupling portion 20 extending laterally between the island-shaped portions having an upper surface. The upper surface of the coupling portion, the upper surface of the island portion 16, and the upper surface of the island shaped portion 18, collectively form the body 11, a flat interface 21 between the insulating layer 19 of the device. The device, the reverse bias applied to the first joint portion, and a terminal arrangement for emitting light to the device. The device is configured to facilitate the propagation of the emitted light. .FIELD 4


The large size and the long generation time of fruit trees generally reduce the possibilities of obtaining genetic information on the transmission and heritability of useful agronomic traits in these species. However, from breeding work carried out with fruit trees, an important amount of data is now available, although large differences are apparent among the different species. There is not much information known about almond compared to what is available on other Prunus fruit species, but more data have been accumulated on it than on most of the other nut trees, thus making almond special among all the temperate fruit and nut species. Only five qualitative traits have been described in almond, with an additional two also possibly qualitative. Heritabilities have been estimated for an important number of quantitative traits, mainly phenological times and fruit characters. Important information is available on molecular markers, including enzymes, RFLPs, RAPDs and other recently developed markers. Linkages, however, have only been established among molecular markers, allowing accurate genetic maps to be built but not yet enabling agronomical characters to be located in these maps, probably because the latter have not been sufficiently studied. The effectiveness of the application of genetic maps in plant breeding will depend on the accuracy of the study of different agronomic traits and their expression, implying more field work and recognition of this work. Ultimately, any new fruit cultivar has to be grown in the field and has to allow the grower to make a profit.


Recommender algorithms is a hot topic in computer science in the last decades. It might be expected that news recommendation has become straightforward in the meantime. However, there is still a lot to improve. In this research we present the problem of determining the difference between substitutes and complementary articles in the recommendations in an online pay-per-view news platform. A design research is being carried out for a model that defines relatedness between articles to: (1) detect substituting articles, and (2) improve the complementariness of the recommended articles. The substitutes can simply be detected by using plagiarism checker software. Furthermore this paper shows how improving the complementariness of the recommendations is done by content filtering.


The substrate is disclosed comprising a base member having a through hole and filling a conductive metal to form a through-passage in the through hole. This through channel comprising a conductive core member substantially in the axis of the through hole at the center.


Propositionalism is the view that all intentional states are propositional states, which are states with a propositional content, while objectualism is the view that at least some intentional states are objectual states, which are states with objectual contents, such as objects, properties, and kinds. This chapter draws a distinction between two features of contents, their superficial characters and their deep natures, and argues that there are two corresponding distinct ways of understanding the debate between propositionalism and objectualism. The chapter argues that the debate is best understood as one over superficial characters and that this has implications for arguments for propositionalism and objectualism from claims about the nature of intentional content. The chapter closes with a brief discussion of how related points apply to the debate over singular content.


We have previously shown that the penP Ser-27 prepenicillinase is processed into two forms, Ser-35-penicillinase and Asn-29 penicillinase. Two new penicillinase mutants, penP Ser-27 Pro-28 and penP Ser-27,23' (Pro-Asp)24', were derived from the penP Ser-27 mutant by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis. The penP Ser-27 Pro-28 mutant prepenicillinase was also processed into two forms, Ser-35-penicillinase and Gly-26-penicillinase. On the contrary, the penP Ser-27,23' (Pro-Asp)24' mutant prepenicillinase is unprocessed.


Again, Chatterji asserts elsewhere that "the organisational goals of the unions in the states are set by the constitution of their all-India organisations . . .," which really puts the cart before the horse. Chatterji has discussed at considerable length the theoretical aspects of the emergence of trade unions and their relation to political parties. Much of this discussion is useful and helps in clarifying some aspects of the theme. But even here, Chatterji poses some non-questions such as, "What explains the difference in the degree of union growth in these three states? " viz. West Bengal, Karnataka and Rajasthan and proceeds to ponderously answer them. Besides, much of the theorising seems to have only a tenuous nexus with the trade union and political realities discussed in the rest of the book.


Rural areas of the United States may be vulnerable to an HIV or hepatitis C (HCV) outbreak among persons who inject drugs. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 36 state and local public health professionals from six rural states to gain an understanding of the challenges rural communities face and strategies they are using to prepare for, identify, and respond to HIV and/or HCV outbreaks due to intravenous drug use. Key informants described inadequate funding, insufficient staffing, limited health care infrastructure, and other factors as limiting the public health capacity of rural areas. Promising prevention, surveillance, and treatment strategies in rural areas included the use of mobile treatment units, telemedicine approaches, and community education initiatives to overcome resistance to evidence-based harm reduction programs.


Pedunculated Hypertrophy of Prostate.?Dr Legueu publishes the case of a patient in whom prostatic hypertrophy (proved by microscopic examination to be truly such) simulated in symptoms and in aspect a vesical tumour. Hematuria, persistent for a time, and occasionally excessive, with long intervals of health, was the prominent symptom ; the patient had also frequent micturition and occasional stoppage of the outflow of urine. The tumour?pear-shaped and as large as a mandarin orange?was removed by supra-pubic cystotomy, and the case did well, but there has persisted since a loss of the contractility of the bladder, so that the catheter has to be regularly employed, which before the operation was not needful. M. Legueu points out that it is in this respect that the majority of prostatectomies fail, from the thickened and inelastic state of the bladder wall.?Annates cles Maladies des Organes GinitoXJrinaires, December 1893.


From the perspective of public policy analysis,applying the running process of public policy theory(including policy formulation,policy implementation,policy evaluation,etc),this paper analyzes college student village officials' policy background,policy implementation(including the status of implementation of policies and problems such as the identity of college students village official,high turnover rate and the latter part of management).It also analyzes its causes and tries to explore the ways to solve the problems.


In general, the present invention relates to a technique, i.e., visual data is mapped to one or more display devices as a function of the position of the device by the technique. The present invention can support many maps visual data display device, the display device may cooperate to display the visual data, as a single large display device as a display device. Further, the present invention supports the dynamic monitoring of the position of the display device, when the position of each display device changes, mapped to the visual display device data changes.


We report results from a study of two consecutive Martian years of imaging observations of nitric oxide ultraviolet nightglow by the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission spacecraft. The emission arises from recombination of N and O atoms in Mars' nightside mesosphere. The brightness traces the reaction rate as opposed to the abundance of constituents, revealing where circulation patterns concentrate N and O and enhance recombination. Emissions are brightest around the winter poles, with equatorial regions brightening around the equinoxes. These changes offer clear evidence of circulation patterns transitioning from a single cross‐equatorial cell operating during solstice periods to more symmetric equator‐to‐poles circulation around the equinoxes. Prominent atmospheric tides intensify the emissions at different longitudes, latitude ranges, and seasons. We find a strong eastward‐propagating diurnal tide (DE2) near the equator during the equinoxes, with a remarkably bright spot narrowly confined near (0°, 0°). Wave features at the opposite winter poles are dissimilar, reflecting different circulation patterns at perihelion versus aphelion. LMD‐MGCM simulations agree with the patterns of most observed phenomena, confirming that the model captures the dominant physical processes. At the south winter pole, however, the model fails to match a strong wave‐1 spiral feature. Observed brightnesses exceed model predictions by a factor of 1.9 globally, probably due to an underestimation of the dayside production of N and O atoms. Further study of discrepancies between the model and observations offers opportunities to improve our understanding of chemical and transport processes controlling the emission.


Purpose: The current state and prospects of the production of functional nutrition products are
analyzed. Analysis of the conducted research to develop a convenient and cost-effective method for
obtaining food products enriched with galactooligosaccharides.


The traditional approach used to determine antecedents of workplace victimization has most often involved examining individual employees' perceptions of potential psychosocial antecedents (e.g., jo...


Writers, producers, and directors have been adapting classic literature for the big screen since the beginning of film. For the past few decades, there have been a number of classics made into films that will appeal to teens. Sometimes it only takes some contemporary actors and modem settings to give these timeless stories a new edge and a new audience. The following is a list of classic works that have been turned into movies for teen audiences.


Since there are only very few Chinese medical literature in the Han and preceding dynasties extant,it is very difficult to investigate the origins of both the herbs and formulas in the book Shanghan Zabing Lun (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Disease) and the status of that of the contemporary period.The Chinese medical bamboo slips of the Han dynasty unearthed from the tombs in Wuwei,Gansu Province in 1972,had been speculated by archeologists to be a medical literature written in the early period of the Eastern Han Dynasty,or, 150 years earlier than the time Zhang Zhongjing's book written at the end of the Eastern Han dynasty,Thus,it can provide evidence for the study on the source of herbs and formulas in Shanghan Zabing Lun.


It is unclear how local brands competing in product categories that consumers perceive as foreign should be managed in emerging markets. An interpretive research approach investigating consumer perceptions and managerial development of a local pizza brand in India reveals that consumers experience these brands as foreign. The author discusses implications for brand management.


The present nuclear physics program at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) is based on an ECR-ion-source-injected K1200 superconducting cyclotron. We propose to significantly increase the facility's output intensity for light ions and energy for heavy ions by coupling the existing superconducting K500 cyclotron's output to the K1200. The improved acceleration chain will consist of an ECR-ion-source injected K500 cyclotron to accelerate ions to /spl les/17 MeV/nucleon followed by radial, charge-stripping injection into the K1200 for final acceleration to 100-200 MeV/nucleon.


Ant algorithm has successfully solved series of discrete optimization problems.However its global convergence is not fully studied and proved.Cellular Ant Algorithm is a new method for optimization based on the principle of cellular automata.Through redistributing on the pheromone of the ants,the algorithm is improved on the search performance in solution space.This paper gives a convergence analysis for Cellular Ant Algorithm by using the theory of Markov Chains.It is shown that under certain conditions,the solutions generated in each iteration of this graph-based cellular ant system converge with a probability that can be made arbitrarily close to 1.


The efforts to reduce the arrest rate has achieved initial success,but the number after arrest cases without substantial punishment decision of prison still occupy a higher proportion. Objectively speaking,the quality of the arrests is due to many factors,such as the evidence change and differences between the reviews. But the deviation from arrest requirements,the contempt for the protection of the rights,the old evidence review mode and the absence of alternative measures to arrest are also indisputable facts. Prosecutors should,strictly follow the arrest requirements,update the concepts,improve the supporting measures,to further improve the level of arrest examination.


A standard handling procedure, employed with 2-day-old rats, caused a significant rise in plasma corticosterone hr after the pups were returned to the maternity cage and the mother. This procedure consists of removing the pups from the maternity cage, placing them individually into 1-gallon cans partially filled with shavings, leaving them undisturbed in the cans for 3 min and then returning the pups to the maternity cage. Two other procedures, variants on the handling technique, also evoked a significant adrenocortical response: The first was to leave the pups alone in handling cans for 33 min; the second was to place the pups into an empty maternity case for hr after the usual 3 min in handling cans. The final experiment showed that the corticosterone response could be prevented if the pups were placed in handling cans maintained at 35.5 C. (Endocrinology 81: 1047, 1967)


Placing sexually abused children in untrained foster homes creates risk that these children will again be victimized because their distorted patterns of communications and behavior of touching within families will be misunderstood by the sexullay abused child. Foster parents of sexually abused children require training to understand the message sexually abused children have typically received from their environments, the nature of sexual abuse as a progression of events as well as the context of the specific abuse experience of the child being placed, the difference between male and female abuse victims, typical behavioral patterns of sexually abused children and how to manage these behaviors in light of the developmental needs of all children, and to be able to structure family activities in a way that sets clear boundaries to both protect the foster child as well as the foster parents. Foster parents need to understand how to assist the child in learning how to appropriately express sexuality and to liv...


Seventy‐one Saudi and Yemeni Arabs with sickle cell anaemia from western Saudi Arabia aged between 11/2 and 42 years were studied. The mean steady state haemoglobin concentration of 8.1 g/dl was lower than that of 10.7 g/dl reported previously for sickle cell anaemia in eastern Saudi Arabia. The patients were divided into an SSLF group with fetal haemoglobin (HbF) of 10.0% or below (44 patients) and an SSHF group having HbF above 10.0% (27 patients). No significant differences were found in the haemoglobin concentrations, haematological indices and incidences of bone changes of the two groups. SSLF patients were significantly more prone to infections (P<0.01), however. Also, there was an overall high incidence of hepatomegaly (69.0%) and splenomegaly (54.9%) and hepatomegaly was significantly more common in the SSLF group (P<0.02).


Scholarly peer review is a process of evaluating the suitability of a research work for publication judged by qualified researchers. A professional peer review process ensures the quality of the produced scientific research work. However, there are two main challenges to achieve professional peer review: (1) selecting reviewers with similar competences as the authors (peers) of a submitted research work and (2) resolving any Conflict of Interest (Col) between reviewers and authors. Currently, to solve the first challenge, editors and conferences organizers select reviewers manually. Similarly, the current solution of the second challenge is that authors and reviewers are asked to manually declare any CoI. Such a manual solution is error-prone, waste time, and tedious for reviewers, authors, editors, and organizers. To address the aforementioned two challenges, we have developed a novel recommender system that (1) suggests expert reviewers and (2) resolves any CoI between the recommended reviewers and the author(s) of a submitted paper. To develop our recommender system, we utilized the DBLP citation network database represented as Linked Open Data. To select candidate reviewers who are expert in the topic of a submitted paper without CoIs, we use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling to extract the topics researchers are working on and the topics of a submitted paper, then our system executes a SPARQL query that returns the best candidate reviewers. Finally, our system executes another SPARQL query that detects any CoIs between the candidate reviewers and the authors of a submitted paper and hence excludes them. Our experimental evaluations corroborate the ability or our system to recommend expert reviewers without CoIs.


A new method for UV-irradiated degradation of nitrobenzene by titania photocatalysts was proposed, titania nanoparticles were coated on a quartz tube through the introduction of tetraethyl orthosilicate into the matrix. The dependence of nitrobenzene photodegradation on pH, temperature, concentration, and air feeding was discussed, and the physical properties such as the activation energy, entropy, enthalpy, adsorption constant, and rate constant were acquired by conducting the reactions in a variety of experimental conditions. The optimum efficiency of the photodegradation with the nitrobenzene residue as low as 8.8% was achieved according to the experimental conditions indicated. The photodegradation pathways were also investigated through HPLC, GC/MS, ion chromatography (IC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) analyses.


Diamond cutting tools are increasingly wide application, this is a review about CVD diamond tools, with the most highest cost-effective in synthetic diamond. We introduce CVD diamond and CVD synthesis technology, the key technology of CVD diamond coated tools and some related problems here. Summarize the newest technical developments of CVD diamond at home and abroad. Make a summary for future development of CVD diamond tools and look forward to the future.


The Geological Survey Division (GSD) has initiated numerous studies involving the application of geophysical techniques in the coal industry. An example of the early work is the combined Queensland Department of Mines/BMR seismic reflection survey near Moura (GSD/BMR 1970). This survey recorded clear reflections from coal seams as shallow as 91 m and detected faults with throws as small as 4.5 m. More unusual studies were reported by Koppe and Anderson (1974). They noted an empirical relationship between the variation along strike of coal rank and the Bouguer anomaly values at the northwest edge of the Bowen Basin. They concluded that the basement, through its influence on the geothermal gradient, was a determining factor of coal rank variation in this part of the Bowen Basin. More recently the suitability of microgravity and INPUT methods are being evaluated as indicators of structure on shallow seams, and the potential location of mini-coal basins respectively.


This study aims to examine parents' perspective towards issues and challenges in developing good values among secondary school students. This descriptive-survey study was conducted on a few respondents comprised of parents, through interviews, in one the states in Malaysia.  This study found that the issue faced by parents is related to family relationship factors such as limited time spent with children, preference of children to share problems or stories with other people, parents' attitudes and children's own attitudes.  Meanwhile, challenges faced by parents are children's peer influence and excessive use of technology.  In conclusion, issues and challenges presented in this study are significant and should be made aware so that children can be molded at early stages to become future successors.  Parenting skill is vital to ensure peace and harmony in the family.  Good tutelage and support should be provided to the children according to their age so that there will be positive reception and feedback.


Researchers have found one protein that plays a role in tumorigenesis: thrombospondin 1, or TSP1. Many tumors downregulate expression of TSP1, suggesting that the protein may interfere with tumor progression. This notion is supported by the fact that forced overexpression of TSP1 inhibits tumor growth. TSP1's antitumor activity has long been attributed to its ability to prevent the formation of new blood vessels, which are essential for tumor growth. However, a recent study led by David Roberts, Ph.D., Head of the Biochemical Pathology Section of the CCR Laboratory of Pathology, reveals that TSP1 also may help the immune system find and destroy cancer cells. Post-Doctoral Fellow Gema MartinManso served as lead author of the resulting paper, which was published in a recent issue of Cancer Research.


An investigation was made to evaluate currently used subtraction radiography techniques. The first order subtraction technique was found to be adequate for conventional clinical use. However when using fine grain high contrast films for the originals, the second order technique gave a more accurate subtraction image. The limiting factor in the sensitivity of the radiographic subtraction technique for detecting small contrast changes over an area of about 2 cm in diameter was found to be film noise and not quantum statistics. Extra fine grain films were compared with conventionally used films. While these extra fine grain films gave slightly better results, they also required x-ray exposures which would be too high for routine clinical use.


A postmortem study was conducted on children between ages 0 – 15 years, who had died due to head injury. This study was conducted in two years period from January 1999 to December 2000. During this period 97 cases of head injury were brought for PM examination in this age group. The facts revealed after the study has left many questions to be answered.


Bis(4-methoxybenzoyl), bis(4-chlorobenzoyl), and dibenzoyl peroxide were photolyzed in various solvents by 308-nm laser pulses to determine the rate constants for decarboxylation of the corresponding benzoyloxyl radicals. The activation energies of this process were lower than those estimated by indirect methods.


Most analysis of agricultural commodity market integration is solely based on price information. However, adding trade data can improve the understanding of interactions between interrelated markets. We link the analysis of price transmission processes between spot and futures markets with trade information to study the influence of Brazilian coffee exports on global price interdependencies. Using a Markov-switching vector error correction model (MSVECM) we allow for structural changes over time. Our results reveal two regimes. One regime is characterized by periods of sideways or downward trending coffee prices with low price volatility, and the other one by phases of price spikes and high price volatility. Price information is transmitted through both the spot and the futures prices and the speed of the price transmission process is significantly affected by the total daily volume and value of Brazilian coffee exports.


The invention provides a preparation method of high-purity 95 isomaltose hypgather. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing jet liquefying on starch or starch milk used as a raw material; performing saccharification transglycosidation through maltase (fungus alpha-amylase or beta-amylase) and alpha-galctosyl-hydroxylysyl glucosyl transferase to obtain 50 type coarse isomaltose hypgather liquor; decomposing non-trisaccharide (isomaltose, panose and isomaltotriose hereinafter referred to as 'trisaccharide') ingredients by use of efficient liquid saccharifying enzyme to obtain glucose; separating by use of a chromatographic separation purification technology to remove glucose; decolorizing, desalting and refining to obtain 95 isomaltose hypgather (the 'trisaccharide' content is not less than 95%). The high-purity 95 isomaltose hypgather has the advantages that the effective ingredients 'trisaccharide' are high in purity reaching more than 95%, low in syrup viscosity and high in sweetness; the physiology functions are high; the bifidobacterium cultivation effect is three times higher than that of the common 90 type isomaltose hypgather.


The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, in vitro and apparent digestibility and ruminal parameters of Holstein cows that were confined and fed corn silage and concentrate containing: ground sunflower seeds (GS); ground sunflower seeds treated with 5% lignosulfonate (GSL); pelleted sunflower seeds (PS); or ground and pelleted sunflower seeds treated with lignosulfonate (PSL). Four lactating cows with 130±28 days of lactation and body weights of 569±63 kg were used. These animals were distributed in a Latin square design with four diets and four periods of 21 days each. There were no differences in the intakes (% body weight) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or acid detergent fiber (ADF). The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF and NFC were similar for all the diets, with a tendency towards decreased CP digestibility for all the pelleted diets (65.79%) compared with the non-pelleted diets (69.66%). A negative effect of lignosulfonate was observed for the in vitro digestibility (IVD) of DM, and a negative tendency was observed for the IVD of OM. Pelleting decreased the concentration of acetic acid (55.95 × 58.82 mM) in rumen fluid. There was no effect of diet on pH (6.17) or ammonia nitrogen concentration (18.19 mg/dL). Pelleting and lignosulfonate do not promote the protective effect of sunflower seed nutrients as expected, and it may be more feasible to provide ground sunflower seed.


Several new thoughts on modern breeding technology based on molecular biology theory,such as multi-gene aggregation breeding,synergistic effect gene breeding,polymorphism gene breeding,multi-cell aggregation breeding and chromosome addition breeding,were discussed briefly according to the newest international breeding theory "molecular design of varieties" after the developmental history of genetics and heredity breeding was reviewed.The analyzed results showed that the theory and technology of animal and plant breeding are changing gravely.Furthermore,to study molecular design of animal and plant varieties and build technological system of molecular design of varieties would drive the change of breeding technology from traditional experience breeding to effective precision breeding,advance efficiency and level of animal and plant breeding technology greatly and guide innovation and development of animal and plant breeding technology.


Based on the isotope effect, two H-defect complexes: tetrahedral interstitial silane (SiH4)Td and hydrogenated 〈100〉 split interstitials (Isp · 2 H) are proposed to account for the two strong Si–H IR stretching bands in FZ-Si grown in H atmosphere (2210 cm−1, 1946 cm−1). A series of experimental facts, including the vibration frequency, the correlation with Si–H IR bands in the bending-wagging region, the temperature dependence of band-width and the annealing behaviour are presented, which support the proposed model. The results coincide with the view that the self-interstitial is the dominate thermal defect in crystalline silicon at high temperature.

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The basic concepts of active server pages(ASP)are introduced. And the design of Web Site based on ASP is interpreted from all angles.


The purpose of this study was to conduct a critical content analysis of the African American characters found in Newbery Medal award winning books recognized between the years of 1991 and 2011. The John Newbery Medal is a highly regarded award in the United States for children's literature and esteemed worldwide. Children's and adolescents' books receive this coveted award for the quality of their writing. Though these books are recognized for their quality writing, there is no guideline in the award criteria that evaluated the race and identity of the characters. Hence, there are two overarching research questions that guided this study. The first question asked: To what extent are the African American characters in each award winning book represented? Foci in answering this question were the frequency of African American characters and the development of their ethnic identities. The second question asked: How are the African American characters' intergroup attitudes and interactions represented? Foci in answering this question examined the frequency of intergroup interactions and the characters' attitudes within the context of each book. The theoretical framework that undergirded this study is critical literacy, which encourages adults and youth to examine issues of diversity and social justice through their reading. Eighteen books met the criteria for the study, which provided 98 African American characters for investigation through content analysis. The qualitative methodology used frequency counts, anecdotal notes and questionnaires to analyze the characters. Findings revealed two key themes: the characterization of ethnic identity as a reflection of society and African American characters as models of agency. Further themes became evident in this study as well: the evolution of cultural authenticity, strong African American female characters, importance of the African American family and the acknowledgement of African American involvement in history. These findings are significant because they provided evidence of the potential of these Newbery award winning books to be the catalyst for critical classroom conversations on identity and agency. Findings also provided increasingly strong examples of ethnic role models within these notable titles.


The thermo-optic coefficient of the silicon which affects the coupling and transmission properties of the optical devices and hardly indicated in previous publications will be considered. In this paper, we present a new concept on design of compact electro-optic switch based on slotted silicon Photonic Crystal (PhC) directional coupler. Engineering the geometry of the switch and infiltration with polymer enhance slow light on structure and make the coupling length very short. The optimum design parameters to maximize slow light effect and shorten the switch length will be studied. We numerically demonstrate that switch length will be smaller than 3 µm which in comparison with normal coupling length is very short and make integration of switch with other SOI devices to be feasible. Here we show the accurate design and different sign of thermo-optic coefficient of polymer and silicon make the proposed structure stable on temperature variation over 60°c.


In recent years M. Hochster and C. Huneke introduced the notions of tight closure of an ideal and of the weak F-regularity of a ring of positive prime characteristic. Here 'F' stands for Frobenius. This notion enabled us to play an important role in a commutative ring theory, and other related topics.


Summary

Plants of two potato cultivars were transformed with disarmed Agrobacterium rumefaciens (LBA4404) containing a binary expression vector. The vector contained sequences that encode the coat protein of potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. RNA transcripts from the integrated viral gene were readily detected in the transgenic plants. PLRV coat protein was detected in only some of these plants when using sensitive immunoblotting techniques. Tubers were collected from transgenic plants that became infected following inoculation either by viruliferous aphids or by grafting with scions from infected plants. When these tubers were used to grow plants with secondary infection, less virus accumulated in each plant of some transgenic lines than in control plants. The PLRV concentration, estimated at different sampling times, in plants of cv. Desiree (transgenic line B1) and cv. Pentland Squire (transgenic line C4) was about 15% and 30% respectively of that in control plants. Among a number of conventionally-bred clones of potato, some were resistant to virus multiplication and were found to accumulate little virus. The coat protein-mediated resistance in transgenic potato plants is discussed in relation to the conventional gene-mediated resistance found in some breeding clones.