Single line array is usually used by towed line array to measure target's bearing,but it can't acquire information of target's range or there is a problem of port/starboard discrimination.Aiming at the characters of sound wave in the near-field zone,according to the theory of time domain beam-forming,the target function whose parameters are target's bearing and range is established.When the towed line array distorts,target's bearing and range can be acquired according to the parameters related to the maximum value of target function through two-dimensions searching,the target location is realized.target's bearing and mirror source bearing could be discriminated according to the change of target function's grey-scale picture.The problem of port/starboard discrimination is solved.The validity of this method is verified by simulations.


This study was conducted to prove the relationship between the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and the severity of COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study using medical record data of inpatients from June to July 2020. Analysis of the NLR relationship and the degree of severity using the Mann Whitney test if the data had an abnormal distribution. Significant if p<0.05 and 95% confidence interval. If there were significant results, we try to measure the cut-off of NLR value to predict severe and non-severe clinical symptoms. Total study subjects were 110 patients, with a male as many as 65 (59.1%), the median age was 53.5 years (range 20-88). Most of the comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (35.5%), followed by hypertension (30%). The severity of clinical symptoms was 50% in the non-severe and severe groups, respectively. The NLR value was higher in the severe group. Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in the value of NLR between the severe group and the not severe group with the p-value <0.001. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis area under the curve (AUC) of NLR on day-1 was 0.716 (CI 95%: 0.605 - 0.826), and the cut-off point of the prediction severity disease at day-7 was > 6.14 with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 69.1%. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio value with severe symptoms was higher than the neutrophil ratio value for lymphocytes with non- severe symptoms in patients with COVID-19.


INTRODUCTION Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease that has a broad range of dermatologic manifestations. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a variant of chronic CLE that is characterized by erythematous patches and plaques with adherent scale.1 As they heal, DLE lesions evolve into atrophic, scarred plaques often exhibiting alopecia and dyspigmentation.2 DLE frequently involves sun-exposed areas above the neck and occasionally affects the oral mucosa, but genital involvement is exceedingly rare.1,2 Hypertrophic DLE is a variant of chronic CLE that is characterized by prominent hyperkeratosis and verrucous features.3 Rarely, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may arise in longstanding lesions of DLE.2–5 In this study, we present a case of hypertrophic DLE of the vulva mimicking lichen simplex chronicus, and we reviewed the literature for previously reported cases of lupus affecting the genitalia.


Wole Soyinka's seminal essay, "The Fourth Stage: Through the Mysteries of Ogun to the Origin of Yoruba Tragedy" which appears as appendix in his collection of critical essays, Myth, Literature and the African World (1976), has been read and critiqued as an important work of myth, mythopoesis, tragedy and the Yoruba pantheon. To date, no meta-critical study has yet treated the essay as essentially speculative fiction, or as an invented model or construct for variegated possible future applications, or even as an authentic African futuristic artistic invention. This is important in present times as a resurgence of earlier genres and trends populate the literary world, thereby raising the need for underpinnings, connections, projections, and conflations such as this article presents. With the application of archetypal author-, text-, and context-oriented theoretical modes alongside historicity, this essay navigates and re-interrogates "The Fourth Stage" and its numerous critiques in the contexts of Afrofuturism and Africanfuturism, finding it a practical model for African futuristic mytho-cultural and literary productions. I also through this essay expose the multiple areas of possible applications of such inventiveness in the reappraisal and re-interrogation of the problematics and maladies of the postcolony.


A NUMBER OF STUDIES have drawn attention recently to the association between acute respiratory infections and the presence in the respiratory tract of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in civilian 1,2 and in military populations. 3,4 The symptomatology has varied from a mild illness, resembling the common cold, through severe and deep-seated pneumonitis with pronounced constitutional upset. We recently had the opportunity to study an outbreak of respiratory illness due to this agent which occurred among the crew members of a nuclear submarine on patrol, and, as many of the features were of unusual interest, we describe them here. Outbreak This occurred on board a fleet ballistic-missile submarine operating from Holy Loch, Scotland. The crew is based in New London, Conn and flies to Scotland three weeks before deployment on patrol. Each patrol lasts eight weeks and the crew is continuously isolated from the surface atmosphere for seven of these weeks. During this


Brain–computer interface provides a new communication channel to control external device by directly translating the brain activity into commands. In this article, as the foundation of electroencephalogram-based robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation therapy, we report on designing a brain–computer interface–based online robot control system which is made up of electroencephalogram amplifier, acquisition and experimental platform, feature extraction algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and autoregressive model, linear discriminant analysis classifier, robot control board, and Rhino XR-1 robot. The performance of the system has been tested by 30 participants, and satisfactory results are achieved with an average error rate of 8.5%. Moreover, the advantage of the feature extraction method was further validated by the Graz data set for brain–computer interface competition 2003, and an error rate of 10.0% was obtained. This method provides a useful way for the research of brain–computer interface system and lays a foundation for brain–computer interface–based robotic upper extremity rehabilitation therapy.


AMBACHE, N., DUNK, LINDA P., VERNEY, J. & ZAR, M.A. (1972). Inhibition of post-ganglionic motor transmission in vas deferens by indirectly acting sympathomimetic drugs. J. Physiol. (Lond.), 227,433-456. GILLESPIE, J.S. & McGRATH, J.C. (1975). The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide on the response to field stimulation of the rat vas deferens and the rat and cat anococcygeus muscles. Br. J. Pharmac., 54,-481-488. McGRATH, J.C. (1977). Adrenergic motor responses to single pulse stimulation in the rat vas deferens. J. Physiol. in the press. MARTINS, T. & VALLE, J.R. (1939). Endocrine control of the motility of the male accessory genital organs. Endocrinology, 25, 80-90. SJOSTRAND, N.O. & SWEDIN, G. (1976). Influence of age, growth, castration and testosterone treatment on the noradrenaline levels of the ductus deferens and the auxiliary male reproductive glands of the rat. Acta phvsiol. scand., 98, 323-338. SWEDIN, G. (1971). Studies on neurotransmission mechanisms in the rat and guinea-pig vas deferens. Acta pkvsiol. scand. supplement 369. WADDELL, J.A. (1916). The pharmacology of the vas deferens. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 8, 551-559. WAKADE, A.R., GARCIA, A.G. & KIRPEKAR, S.M. (1975). Effect of castration on the smooth muscle cells of the internal sex organ of the rat: influence of the smooth muscle on the sympathetic neurons innervating the vas deferens, seminal vesicle and coagulating gland. J. Pharinacol. Exp. Ther., 193,424-434.


A bridge structure includes three concentric spheres composed by chords. The upper and lower spheres are jointed by web members to form a double layer net shell. Over the upper sphere, install the top sphere via web members. Steel bars are connected to the node of each hexagon of the upper sphere, and bottom mold is installed to the bottom of the upper sphere.


Parental stress and mealtime behavior problems have been found to be elevated in families with a child who has cystic fibrosis (CF). The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory comparison of parent report and direct observation of mealtime behaviors and parenting strategies in young children with CF. We take a pragmatic approach in that we strive to provide additional clinical validity for the Behavioral Pediatric Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS). Data are based on 19 families with a young child with CF who participated in a larger multisite study. Results indicated significant agreement between the two methods for a number of child and parent behaviors at mealtimes. Results of this study provide useful information for practitioners who are following the CF Foundation Nutrition Guidelines related to behavioral assessment of mealtimes and using the BPFAS as part of routine care.


In this article, we outline culturally responsive schooling (CRS) for Indigenous youth and situate this concept within a larger history of US federal and community‐based efforts to educate Indigenous youth in the USA. We examine what we know from the research literature about the impacts of CRS among US Indigenous youth. In exploring the research, we rely on national datasets of Indigenous youth's achievement on standardized tests, qualitative approaches to examining CRS in schools serving Indigenous youth in the USA, and case studies of successful efforts at CRS. We pay special, though not exclusive, attention to the evidence regarding Indigenous students' reading and literacy skills since this is an area that is particularly revealing of what happens when CRS is not engaged. We will argue throughout this paper that a growing body of literature points to the fact that community‐ and culture‐based education best meets the educational needs of Indigenous children.


In Spine: Affiliated Society Meeting Abstracts: 2003 Meeting Abstracts: International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, v. 2003, issue p. 1-95, abstract no. 83


My subject is the contemporary attempts, and more precisely K. O. Apel's, that aim at the refoundation of rationality within a communicational framework.1 I want to show that this task, insofar as it aims at being radical, insofar as it is "transcendental pragmatics," is the target of criticisms that a skepticism always raises against the doctrines purporting to be built upon a foundation wholly devoid of presupposition.2 It so happens that Apel's doctrine in a manner more systematic than that of F. Jacques or Habermas makes explicit the conditions of its own constitution. It does so through the overthrow of skeptical objections that aim at a refutation of its radical attempt at a transcendental foundation: in Apel's eyes, the objection of the relativist or of the skeptic, because it contains an inner contradiction (a "performative self-contradiction") a contrario ensures the absolute validity of his universal pragmatic principle. If this use of skepticism constitutes the spring of the argumentation and the cornerstone of the systematic edifice Apel built, a skeptical overthrow of his overthrow will demonstrate the fragile and unsteady nature of its transcendental ambitions. It will then become impossible to associate the communicative activity with a horizon of ethical presuppositions that guarantee the success of discussion and of negotiation. It is the legitimacy of this foundationalism that we propose to contest in order to undermine transcendental theories of discourse ethics. And yet, without reverting to a sociological empiricism or having recourse to a philosophy of intersubjectivity, by showing that philosophical skepticism is not as naive as its critiques would have it, the ethical


Close examination of the thermal behaviour of the (E)-N-hexadecyl-4-N', N'-dimethylaminostilbazolium tetrakis(1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolonato)lanthanide(III) complexes has revealed that these compounds are not mesomorphic, in contradiction to an earlier report in the literature (K. Z. Wang et al., 1995, Solid State Commun. 95, 223). By replacing the bromide of the hemicyanine precursor (see the scheme) by a tetrakis(beta-diketonato)lanthanide(III) anion, new complexes were synthesized, but none shows a mesophase. Reasons for the absence of mesomorphism are discussed. Transition temperatures for the mesomorphic hemicyanine bromides are reported.


The increasing importance of large firms relative to small firms has received some attention recently in the U.S., as sales or assets or value added of the largest 50 or 100 or 200 firms has risen over the past half century or more. A similar rise in aggregate concentration has occurred in the British economy over the same period. Hanna and Kay, economists at Cambridge and Oxford respectively, address this phenomenon by asking: What is the cause of this rise in the British economy? What route might British public policy take? In the answer to the first question lies the authors' major contribution: by their measures of concentration, mergers account for by far the largest proportion of growth in overall concentration, with little contribution from internal growth and Gilbrat's Law. On the second, to the extent that such growth is "not inevitable" and presents problems for the British economy on political and sociological as well as economic grounds, a more vigorous British antimerger policy is necessary.


Pot trial was conducted to detect changes of water potential,leaf color readings(SPAD),chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo and photosynthetic rate of the largest functional leaves in two Indica rice cultivars,Jiayu 948 and G7,from elongation to ripeness stage under different fertilizer supplies.At the same time,we analyzed the influences of leaf water potential and its constituents on leaf senescence using the photosynthetic physiological characteristics as indictors.The results showed that,SPAD,Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of both cultivars reached their own maximal values during heading stage and then decreased generally,but when higher fertilizer was supplied,decreasing rate of the said physiological characteristics slowed down.The photosynthetic rate of Jiayu 948 declined slower under higher fertilizer supply from elongation stage,while,that of G7 maintained higher level under the middle fertilizer supply.Leaf water potential of both cultivars showed similar change,i.e.increased at first and declined then,but when suitable level of fertilizers was supplied according to the nutrition requirement of cultivar,higher level of water potential could be maintained from heading to milk ripe stage.The results of multiple regression analysis revealed that,leaf water potential and its constituents was closely related to the photosynthetic characteristics in both cultivars.In Jiayu 948,SPAD was regulated by water potential and osmotic potential positively,the other photosynthetic characteristics by water potential positively only.In G7,photosynthetic rate was regulated by water potential positively but by osmotic potential negatively,the others by both water potential and pressure potential positively.It was concluded that,the influences of leaf water potential on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf senescence were significantly different due to various genotypes.


This article investigates the fixed‐time stabilization problem for a class of high‐order nonlinear systems with monotone degrees and output constraints. Firstly, a new fixed‐time stability criterion is established, which is less conservative in the explicit and delicate selection of Lyapunov functions. Then, by choosing a novel tan ‐type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) and using the generalized adding a power integrator (AAPI) technique, a fixed‐time stabilization controller is explicitly constructed while achieving the requirement of state constraints. The novelty of the proposed control strategy can tackle simultaneously the fixed‐time stabilization of the involved systems with and without output constraints, without changing the controller structure. A simulation example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Optical transitions in Er2O3 films grown on Si substrates by using a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition technique were investigated in a wide temperature (300 K ~ 5 K) and spectral (500 nm and 850 nm) ranges. Numerous sharp transitions corresponding to the Er3+ ionic levels, which showed Stark shifts induced by the crystal field were observed. With decreasing temperature from 300 K to 5 K, all transition peaks exhibited spectral red-shifts. We believe that such red-shift behavior is due to a change in the crystal field together with a change in the strain field induced by the film and the substrate with varying temperature. An interesting result is the total amount of red-shift at temperature between 300 K and 5 K. We found that the higher transition energy peaks show bigger red-shifts. This is because the dipole moments between the transition levels are different, which leads to different amounts of the Stark shift.


Generative methods (also known as procedural content generation) have been used to generate a variety of static artifacts such as game levels. One key property of a generative method for a particular domain is how effectively the approach allows a designer to express the properties and constraints they care about. Generative methods have been applied much less frequently to dynamic artifacts such as boss behaviors, in part because the complex representation required to describe boss morphology and behavior is not amenable to existing generative techniques. It is challenging to describe a generative space of varied yet valid behaviors. Expanding on previous work that introduced a programming language for representing boss behaviors, we illustrate how such a language can be used by a designer to describe desirable design properties and constraints for bosses. That is, we define a generative space of bosses as a space of well-formed programs. We present a constructive algorithm that extends generative grammars to efficiently generate well-formed programs, and we show a complete example of generating Mega-Man-like bosses with complex attack patterns. We conclude that designing a generative space of dynamic behaviors can be fruitfully framed as a programming-language design problem.


The origin of this thesis came from a statement found in the book Financial Modelling With Jump Processes by Rama Cont and Peter Tankov. In the context of option pricing and volatilities, the introduction states: "Models with jumps, by contrast, not only lead to a variety of smile/ skew patterns but also propose a simple explanation in terms of market anticipations: the presence of a skew is attributed to the fear of large negative jumps by market participants." This statement is written without any reference or proof and the object of this thesis was to examine whether it is true or not. The results from this thesis does confirm the statement. The statement has been tested by using a Monte-Carlo method in a theoretical pricing model.


Sir Leon Radzinowicz: an appreciation, by Anthony Bottoms. Recollections of Sir Leon Radzinowicz, by Roger Hood Part 1: Theory 1. Ideology and crime - a further chapter, by David Garland 2. Morality, crime, compliance and public policy, by Anthony Bottoms Part 2: History 3. Gentlemen convicts, dynamitards and paramilitaries: the limits of criminal justice, by Sean McConville 4. The English police: a unique development?, by Clive Emsley Part 3: Prisons 5. A 'liberal regime within a secure perimeter'?: dispersal prisons and penal practice in the late twentieth century, by Alison Liebling Part 4: Policy 6. Criminology and penal policy: the vital role of empirical research, by Roger Hood. Sir Leon Radzinowicz: a bibliography


The Georgia Tech Miniature Autonomous Blimp (GT-MAB) is developed as an indoor testbed for robotics research. Compared with existing platforms, the GT-MAB features longer flight times and safer human-robot interactions. The influence of aerodynamics on the blimp is significant and must be considered to achieve autonomous flying behaviors. This paper presents the mathematical modeling, system identification, and controller design for the GT-MAB, which leads to a set of motion primitives that can be combined for autonomous waypoint-following. Especially, an altitude controller incorporating a scheduling algorithm is proposed to address uncertainties of propeller efficiency. Experiments have demonstrated that the GT-MAB is able to perform 3D sampling and mapping of a light intensity field in an indoor environment.


The National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria formally invited a retired general practitioner (GP) and a family planning physician both from Bristol England to do some small group teaching for GPs. They first went to the Mission Hospital in Egbe a 6-hour drive from Lagos. Although the roads to Egbe were in poor repair patients would trek to the Mission Hospital from as far away as Lagos and from the north to use its services because they often could not pay for city teaching hospitals. Missionary-built dams made it possible for almost every household in Egbe to receive reasonably potable water. The hospital had its own water supply. Electricity was not always available. GPs were responsible for primary secondary and sometimes even tertiary care. Education methodologies for the workshop were small group work formal lectures role playing and case studies. About 200 participants crowded into a classroom for their workshop. About 100 participants wanted to learn about family planning. Discussions ranged from ideal family size to abortion. The family planning physician also led discussions on family planning with nurses. She learned that nurses were hesitant to discuss family planning with patients. The 2 physicians later conducted short presentations in teaching hospitals in Ilorin and Ibadan.


This article seeks to examine the interplay between the rise and development of the international tourism industry and the production of culture in the performance of Vietnamese water puppetry.  Although tourism has indelibly altered this traditional art form, it is also responsible for the rejuvenation and continued existence of water puppetry.  Rather than simply dismissing contemporary enactments as inauthentic representations, we problematize notions of cultural authenticity.  Indeed, increasing global integration does not simply result in the elimination of cultural diversity but rather provides the context for the production of new cultural forms that are marked by local specificity.


As cities across North America install infrastructure to accommodate a growing number and variety of bicyclists, installation of bicycle-specific traffic signals is a common design element. A recent survey showed a lack of consistency in design and timing. In particular, minimum green signal timing is highly dependent on the assumed acceleration and speed performance of bicyclists, but no detailed methodology exists to estimate these performance values. Recently, AASHTO, the California Department of Transportation, and the National Association of City Transportation Officials issued documents that required the provision of an adequate clearance interval and recommended that, in the determination of this minimum interval field, an investigation of bicyclist speed be conducted. Even if detailed video trajectories are available, the determination of a value for field speed and acceleration is not trivial, because values of speeds and accelerations are a function of time and individual bicyclist performance. The purpose of the research reported here was to develop and apply a general methodology to estimate bicyclist acceleration and speed for traffic signal timing applications. With the use of physical equations of motion, this research analytically derived expressions that could be used to classify an individual bicyclist's performance as a function of the observed acceleration profile. The analysis indicated that four basic acceleration profiles were possible and that the profiles could be obtained with a parsimonious field data collection method. The methodology was applied successfully to two intersections in Portland, Oregon. A detailed statistical analysis showed that the results were intuitive and that the methodology successfully categorized bicyclist performance variations as a result of topography or demographic characteristics.


Objective To evaluate hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism on the pregnancy and its outcome,we study the positive rate of TPOAb during pregnancy.Methods With high-sensitive chemical irradiance assay(CIA) technique,we analyzed the concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),free triiodo-thyroxine(FT3),free thyroxine(FT4) and TPOAb in 149 pregnant women who visited and delivered in the First Hospital of Shanxi Province from March 2008 to December 2008.Results The positive rate of TPOAb in hypothyroidism group is significantly higher than that of subclinical hypothyroidism group as well as the patients with a past history of thyroid disease to those without it(P0.01).Conclusion The positive rate of TPOAb is closely related to the change of thyroid function and it is very important to have a test during pregnancy.


Actual problems of formation of long-term development directions of the bank and the possibility of adjusting objectives on the basis of monitoring and forecasting economic indicators are considered.


Teacher autonomy is the prerequisite and guarantee for learner autonomy,the two are interdependent and develop together.The effective way of teacher autonomy is to master the law of second language acquisition and implement reflective teaching.Teacher autonomy plays a very important role in promoting learner autonomy.They need to support learn autonomy on psychology,skills and emotion.They plays a scaffold role in the course of learner autonomy.At the same time,they have long-term consultation and dialogues with the outside authorities and students upon syllabus,teaching objectives,teaching plans and contents,and so on.


ABSTRACT N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-Isoleucyl-L-Valine Methyl ester, C17H32N2O5, F.W.=344.46, crystallizes in hexagonal space group P65 with parameters, a=b = 20.285(5), c=27.160(5) A˚, V=9679.1(6) A˚ 3, Z = 18, Dcal=1.064 Mg cm−3, λ(CuKα) = 1.5418 A˚, μ (CuKα). The dipeptide Boc-Ile-Val-OMe has three crystallographically independent molecules (A, B, and C) in the asymmetric unit. The peptide units are in trans conformation and the three molecules adopt an extended conformation. The side chains of isoleucine and valine for the three molecules A, B, and C take up g− t, g− g−, and g− t; and g− g+, g+ t, and tg− conformations, respectively. The molecules form an infinite ribbon of β-sheet structure, which in turn forms helical arrangement along the c-direction. They are stabilized by N − H … O and C − H … O types of intermolecular interactions.


The mass spectra of monomethyl 1,2,4-triazoles contain fragment ions produced by specific cleavage of the heterocyclic ring. A major fragmentation from many molecular ions involves the elimination of HCN, but loss of N2 is either very small or completely absent. No N or H scrambling occurs within the triazole ring system, as evidenced by labelling studies. The loss of a hydrogen atom from the molecular ions of 3-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles (alkyl ⩾ C2H5) originates from hydrogens attached to the β carbon and nitrogen atoms.


Using a scanning nonlinear dielectric microscopy (SNDM), we observed standard Si sample with epitaxial staircase structures, which has known dopant density values calibrated by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). As the result, good quantitative correlation between dopant density values and SNDM signals was obtained without the phenomenon of contrast reversal effect, which is associated with conventional scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) measurements. Thus, it is expected that SNDM will be an effective method for observing the quantitative measurement of two-dimensional dopant profiling on semiconductor devices.


OBJECTIVE
Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion in on-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Compared with on-pump, off-pump surgery is associated with less blood loss and transfusion. Therefore, tranexamic acid may be less effective for off-pump surgery, and its safety profile may be different in this setting. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid for off-pump CABG surgery.

DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

SETTING
University of Edinburgh.

INTERVENTIONS
The administration of tranexamic acid.

METHODS
A systematic review of randomized controlled trials administering tranexamic acid to patients undergoing off-pump CABG surgery. A meta-analysis of 24-hour blood loss, postoperative allogeneic transfusion, and thromboembolic events.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Eight trials were identified. The lack of appropriate data limited the meta-analysis on blood loss. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the overall risk of allogeneic blood component transfusion (risk ratio = 0.47; 95% confidence intervals, 0.33-0.66; p < 0.0001) and packed red blood cell transfusions (risk ratio = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71; p = 0.0001). No association was found between tranexamic acid and myocardial infarction, stroke, or pulmonary embolism. Population sizes of meta-analyses ranged from 466 to 544.

CONCLUSIONS
Tranexamic acid reduces blood transfusion after off-pump surgery. Although no association with adverse events was found, the population sample size was too small to detect rare but clinically significant adverse events. A well-designed randomized controlled trial with an appropriate sample size is required to confirm tranexamic acid effectiveness and safety in off-pump CABG surgery.


After the North Korea nuclear test incident,the Chinese government issued a very stern statement.China made active mediation to parties to restart the six-party talks for a peaceful solution to the problem through consultation and dialogue.This reflects China's new features of diplomatic policy,include:something to foster the image of a responsible big country;peripheral security and stability to the most important position in its foreign relations;new national interest;pragmatic diplomacy;advocate building a harmonious world.


Ten species of Ascomycetes are commented, among which the following three are the most interesting for the Spanish catalogue: Scutellinia setosa, is mentioned for the second time in Spain, Trichophaea paraphysincrustata is mentioned for the second time in the world and Helvella queletii f. alba is proposed as a new forma. Data on the taxonomy, chorology and ecology of all studied species are also added.


It is proposed that the luminosity function, the rest-frame spectral correlations, and distributions of cosmological long-duration (Type-II) gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) may be very well described as a multivariate log-normal distribution. This result is based on careful selection, analysis, and modeling of LGRBs' temporal and spectral variables in the largest catalog of GRBs available to date: 2130 BATSE GRBs, while taking into account the detection threshold and possible selection effects. Constraints on the joint rest-frame distribution of the isotropic peak luminosity (Liso), total isotropic emission (Eiso), the time-integrated spectral peak energy (Ep, z), and duration (T90, z) of LGRBs are derived. The presented analysis provides evidence for a relatively large fraction of LGRBs that have been missed by the BATSE detector with Eiso extending down to ∼1049 erg and observed spectral peak energies (Ep) as low as ∼5 keV. LGRBs with rest-frame duration T90, z ≲ 1 s or observer-frame duration T90 ≲ 2 s appear to be rare events (≲ 0.1% chance of occurrence). The model predicts a fairly strong but highly significant correlation (ρ = 0.58 ± 0.04) between Eiso and Ep, z of LGRBs. Also predicted are strong correlations of Liso and Eiso with T90, z and moderate correlation between Liso and Ep, z. The strength and significance of the correlations found encourage the search for underlying mechanisms, though undermine their capabilities as probes of dark energy's equation of state at high redshifts. The presented analysis favors—but does not necessitate—a cosmic rate for BATSE LGRBs tracing metallicity evolution consistent with a cutoff Z/Z☉ ∼ 0.2–0.5, assuming no luminosity–redshift evolution.


Here, a case of Sputnik‐V vaccine‐induced panniculitis was reported. The patient developed erythema, induration, and local tenderness at the injection site after 13 days of the injection. Ultra‐sonography imaging showed inflammation in subcutaneous layers including fat tissue compatible with panniculitis. She received ibuprofen and warm compress, and all symptoms resolved.


Objective: to identify and describe the importance of formative research and didactics in strengthen the teaching-learning process of marketing as a subject in higher education. Methodology: a qualitative descriptive study was carried out. Data collection was done through a documentary review and the development of two information filters based on two criteria: text relevance based on the categories of analysis and the proportionality in the text distribution of such categories. Results: Marketing is currently taught in different ways, but there are primarily two ways: a) those placing the professor as an active party in the teaching process, and the student as a passive party who only receives information; and b) the approach to equity between teaching and learning, thus both the professor and the student become active parties in the process. Conclusions: marketing should be taught-learned by using information technologies and formative research in collaboration with an intention to simulate real situations provided by the current business sector.


In this work we studied the possibility of using Fe + 6 "super iron" compounds, including BaFeO 4 ,K 2 FeO 4 ,CuFeO 4 , and SrFeO 4 as potential cathode materials for rechargeable Li batteries, and their behavior in several nonaqueous Li salt solutions. Classic electrochemical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, atomic adsorption, atomic emission, in situ and ex situ atomic force microscopy imaging, and diffuse reflectance Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy were used in order to obtain a full picture of the electrochemical behavior of these compounds. Fe 6 + compounds such as K 2 FeO 4 and BaFeO 4 are reduced in the presence of Li ions to Fe 3 + compounds. Fe 2 O 3 ,Li 2 O, and K 2 O or BaO are formed in amorphous or nanocrystalline structures. The reaction is partially reversible, i.e., Fe 6 + compounds can be reformed by oxidation. The mechanisms of the lithiation-delithiation of these systems and what limited their reversibility are discussed.


The oxidation of total dissolved sulfide, where S (-II)=
H_2S + HS" + S_2^-, by peroxymonosulfate, HSO_5-, has been studied in wastewater. Peroxymonosulfate was found a more rapid and efficient oxidant of S (-II) than either H_2O_2 or Fe(II). The combination of per oxymonosulfate and hydrogen peroxide was additive in terms of S(-II) oxidation, while the combination of peroxymonosulfate and Fe(II) resulted in a decrease in the effectiveness of Fe(II) as an oxidant. Peroxy monosulfate has been shown to be a viable alternative to H_2O_2 for the control of sulfide-induced corrosion in concrete sewers.


This paper questions whether and how the historical narrative that is validated in the institutional archives can be dislocated, while adhering to the scientific requirements of the law faculty in which the authors' doctoral research is situated. Through a joint auto-ethnography, the authors explore their discomfort and anxieties prompted by the need to interpret silences, inconsistencies, and undertones in official state archives during their archival research on racial thinking in the context of the postcolonial regulation of intimacy. Both researchers struggle with the interpretation of archival silences and inconsistencies, as they attempt to work through the question of how their own positionality deeply influences their interpretation. This gives rise to certain questions around how one understands silence and inconsistency within a specific historical time and space, and how this might impact the researcher. In responding to such questions, new ways of reading the archive have been developed within the humanities that aim to uncover the power dynamics inherent in the production of the archive. In this paper, the authors reflect on the usability of these practices in their multidisciplinary research environment.


ABSTRACT Sasterawan Negara Professor Emeritus Muhammad Haji Salleh (b.1942) is a major Malay poet and literary scholar. Mainly educated in English and writing his early poetry largely in that language, he made a decision during his late twenties to write his further poetry only in Malay. His poetry now exists in English, Malay, a small number of Malay translations of his own works first published in English, and a much larger number of his own English translations of works that were first published in Malay. His scholarship has focused on the aesthetics of the classical Malay literary tradition, and he has recently published an English translation of the epic, the Hikayat Hang Tuah. This article is based on Anthony Pym's proposal that 'the central object' of translation history should be 'the human translator' (1998: ix). It will study Muhammad's development as a bilingual scholar, poet, translator and self-translator, working within specific literary and academic fields. As a translator, Muhammad has moved from a 'formal', literal, style of translation to a freer, more 'dynamic', style. Muhammad's translations of his own poetry are freer in form but strict in the translation of content. His translation of the classical epic, the Hikayat Hang Tuah, follows the original patterns of phrasing but is free in its use of extended paraphrase and a mock-medieval English rhetoric.


AbstractAmerican school districts find themselves being pressured by parents to buy microcomputers for their classrooms. The schools are responding, but frequently underestimate amount of training teachers and administrators need to become competent with the new technology. In the Houston Independent School District, all microcomputer hardware and software purchases are coordinated through a Department of Technology. No campus may receive computers until a written Microcomputer Implementation Plan has been approved. The document requires campus technology users to anticipate student needs, which personnel are to be trained, and how the technology will affect the existing curriculum. Houston's technology training program is based on several tenets: Personnel who actually will use the computers are trained first, training is mandatory for teachers and administrators, approximately 70% of training is "hands-on," the training is competency-based, and each year a special cadre of "teacher technologists" receiv...


Keywords: super-universal graphs ; edge-universal hypergraphs ; independent vertices Note: Professor Pach's number: [002] Reference DCG-ARTICLE-1977-002 Record created on 2008-11-14, modified on 2017-05-12


The reactions of chlorine and oxygen with solids are complex and quite dependent on material and reaction conditions. However, there are four reaction schemes that describe many of these reactions. These are direct reaction of chlorine with the oxide layer, penetration of the oxide layer by chlorine, paralinear behavior where oxidation and chlorination are of comparable rates, and finally, gas phase reactions where the volatile chlorides react with oxygen. Examples of chlorine and oxygen reactions with cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and silicon carbide illustrate each of these four reaction schemes.


In recent years there has been increasing interest in Europe in systems which vary the speed limit on freeways in response to traffic demand. Benefits are claimed in terms of increased traffic throughput and improved safety. Systems of this type have been trialed in the Netherlands and recently on parts of the M25 motorway circling London in the UK. This paper reviews the concepts behind these systems and outlines the types of benefits which could be expected. The paper then examines the operational experience with the systems in the UK and the Netherlands, including plans for a 1997 trial in the latter country. The technical features of the systems are considered including the size of the controlled freeway section, the nature of the control algorithms employed, and the characteristics of the enforcement system . Particular attention is paid to the extent to which rigorous evaluations have been conducted of the systems to measure any benefits which are claimed. The performance of these systems is considered and the paper concludes by highlighting implementations issues which would need to be considered by authorities considering future implementation of variable speed control systems.


: Down scaling of photodetectors is one of the major approaches to enhance their performance in terms of operation speed, dark current and sensitivity to photogenerated carriers. In order to compensate for the drawback of the down scaling, i.e. the reduction of light absorption efficiency and light receiving area, this report introduces the bow-tie surface plasmon nanoantenna for silicon on insulator (SOI) nanowire photodiode and clarifies its spectroscopic response. The bow-tie structure has a light sensitive area in the scale of the wavelength, and resonantly enhances the electric field near the central gap resulting in increased generation of carriers in the silicon nanowire, which is experimentally verified and analyzed by electromagnetic simulation.


This paper highlights a few of the education and outreach products on harmful algal blooms (HABs) that have been developed at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, a non-profit organisation dedicated to marine biological research and education. The 'Toxic & Harmful Algal Blooms' web page (www.bigelow.org/hab) provides information about blooms, where they occur in US waters, foodweb effects, how toxins affect humans, and causative species. The 'Special topics' section features freshwater blooms, ocean colour, detection methods and research on South African HABs. This online resource is augmented by educational activities (www.bigelow.org/edhab) that allow teachers to use the topic of HABs as a vehicle to investigate the role that algae play in our environment. The multimedia CD-ROM, 'Phytopia: Discovery of the Marine Ecosystem', is a data-rich resource with tutorials, interactive tools, high-quality graphics and movie clips designed for users of various skill and interest levels. 'Phytopia' enables those without appropriate equipment or data to investigate the microscopic marine ecosystem. Since its release in May 2003, over 6 100 copies have been requested from users in 61 countries for formal and informal education and research.


After the analysis of application of direct current senser in rectifying system, a kind of brand-new advanced DC metering device was introduced.


This paper proposes a Differentiator based Universal Trans Admittance Mode (TAM) Filter using Operational Floating Current Conveyor (OFCC). It uses three OFCC Blocks, three grounded resistances and two grounded capacitances. The circuit has high input as well as high output impedance which makes it suitable for interfacing between Voltage Mode and Current Mode circuits. Also, it employs only grounded components which makes it beneficial from fabrication point of view. The pole frequency is electronically tunable using MOS transistor-based implementation of grounded resistances. The functionality of the presented filter is verified by SPICE simulations using 0.5 μm technology parameters from MOSIS (AGILENT).


One of the main concerns for any power markets is whether individual participants can increase their profit by withholding capacity or bidding away from the marginal cost of providing the products. To address this concern, some tools and techniques for identifying and detecting dominant and must-run suppliers are required. Market power problems are more intricate in reactive power markets than those in other markets due to the specific properties of this ancillary service. This paper introduces a new structural index which takes into account reactive demand level, transmission network constraints, output limits, and circumstances of other suppliers. The proposed measure (reactive must procurement (RMP)) is a must-run index-based method which calculates the minimum reactive power capacity which must be procured by a reactive source (whether in generation or absorption mode) to supply reactive requirements of system. To illustrate the simplicity, practicality, and usefulness of introduced measure, the proposed index is applied to the IEEE 57-bus test system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


6126 Background: OCT are the mainstay of new drug development for the treatment of cancer. Patient decision whether or not to participate is a complex process that may involve family members or oth...


The gate oxide reliability of SiC power MOSFETs can be significantly improved by sorting out devices with critical extrinsic defects using a voltage screening technique. Commonly, higher screening voltages result in more efficient screening and therefore, a lower failure probability due to breakdown of extrinsic defects during the device's lifetime. However, the maximum screening voltage is limited by the onset of irreparable device degradation. Here, we present a simple and straightforward method to determine the irreparable degradation threshold voltage of arbitrary SiC MOSFETs. Our method is based on electrical measurements only, and does not require any specific knowledge about the device structure, gate oxide thickness or other parameters that are often only known to the manufacturers themselves. So, the method can be indirectly used to benchmark the gate oxide reliability by determining the onset voltage of irreparable device damage.


Method for evaluation of the stiffness of the frame body for tram car is shown with experimentally determination of the spectrum of its natural frequencies. The application of this method to determine changes in the stiffness of frame is estimated at poor welded seam.


The paper presents experimental evidence on the impact of managers and their incentives on the behavior of group members in intergroup contests. I find that members follow the nonbinding investment recommendations of their group manager in particular if the managers payoff does not depend on the members behavior. Different incentives schemes induce the managers to lead the groups into different directions but incentivized managers are less capable of inducing very high or low contest investments.


The present invention relates to a mixed positive electrode active material and to a lithium secondary battery comprising same, wherein the mixed positive electrode active material comprises layered lithium manganese oxide expressed by the following [chemical formula 1] and a second positive electrode active material having a flat level voltage profile in the range of 2.5 V to 3.3V. [Chemical formula 1] aLi 2 MnO 3 ·(1-a)Li x MO 2 , where 0<a<1, 0.9≤x≤1.2, and M is one element selected from a group consisting of Al, Mg, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr, V and Fe, or two or more elements selected from the group and applied at the same time. The stability of the mixed positive electrode active material and the lithium secondary battery comprising same is enhanced, and the second active material serves to supplement a low output in a low SOC range therefor, thus widening an SOC range in which an output can be maintained at a level higher than a required output level. Thus, the mixed positive electrode active material and the lithium secondary battery comprising same may be preferably applied to devices which require such batteries.


The invention proposes a switch (10) including a triggering member (26) that is adapted to come to bear on two peripheral fixed contacts (30A, 30B) to make a first switchpath and that is deformable to make an electrical connection between these two fixed contacts (30A, 30B) and a central fixed contact (36) to make a second switchpath consecutively to making the first switchpath, characterized in that the triggering member (26) may occupy an initial high rest position and a final low switching position toward which it is moved by an actuating member (28) against a return force exerted by a spring (24) that is disposed between the support (14) for the contacts (30A, 30B, 36) and the triggering member (26).


Determination of rainfall is important to determine the intensity of rain that occurs in an area. Rain intensity that is too high will certainly have a bad impact. Forecasting or prediction techniques are used to determine the likelihood of intensity occurring in the following year. However, rainfall data are continuous numerical data. Measurement of accuracy becomes more difficult if the data type is like that. So, this study tests the accuracy of rainfall forecasting in the city of Denpasar from a different perspective. This test combines the Z-score method and the Fuzzy set theory to normalize and classify rainfall data. This combination determines the degree of rainfall membership divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower levels. Based on the results of rainfall accuracy testing starting in 2012-2016 obtained an average value of accuracy of 85% with training data that is data in 2007-2015. The normalization process greatly affects the value of the training data.


An alternative explanation to the hypothesis of the insufficient milk syndrome is presented in response to the picture of breastfeeding presented by Gussler and Briesemeister. Their major arguments are that insufficient milk is by far the major cause of the early termination of breastfeeding at least in urban areas; that insufficient milk is a "real" phenomenon not simply an excuse given by mothers to cover up other reasons for discontinuing breastfeeding; and insufficient milk is caused largely by a lack of constant contact between mother and infant. The primary purpose of this response is to communicate what is believed to be a considerably more optimistic picture about breastfeeding than that presented by Gussler and Briesemeister. Their emphasis on the constant contact necessary between mothers and infants could further discourage women from breastfeeding or possibly even adopting a mixed feeding pattern. The interpretation of the literature on the part of the authors of this response as well as field experience suggest that successful breastfeeding is possible within a variety of social and cultural environments providing a wide range of intensity of maternal-infant contact. Evidence is presented to suggest that Gussler and Briesemeister have overstated the case for all 3 of their arguments. A literature search was conducted for additional articles on "reasons for weaning" and this is included in an appendix. All studies with relevant evidence on reasons for termination of breastfeeding are included. An alternative explanation is proposed for the "insufficient milk syndrome" in cases where it is a "real" phenomenon. The cause may vary and in many cases there may be several causal factors. It is very difficult to distinguish cultural from biological factors when attitudes beliefs and perceptions directly affect the process of lactation. It is suggested that a distinction should be made between the phenomenon when it occurs during exclusive breastfeeding and when it occurs once supplemental feeding has begun. It is suggested that it is a cultural phenomenon when it occurs during exclusive breastfeeding and largely a physiologic response to reduced nipple stimulation once supplemental feeding has begun.


Though there was barely a whisper about DESCUBRIENDO A MR. MIMEs new record in out pages, it was just a matter of time before we gave it a proper ...


This special edition of Children's Geographies is the second in a set of two special issues arising from the Emerging Issues in Children's Geographies conference held at Brunel University in June 2005 (The first issue in this collection appeared in Children's Geographies, 4 (3)). The conference attracted a wealth of innovative work that sought to build on existing strengths and to stretch current conceptual and methodological developments both within the sub-discipline and through multi-disciplinary engagement. As at the previous Children's Geographies conference at St. Andrews in 2004 (see the special issue of Children's Geographies, 5 (3)), many papers sought to deal with novel, thought-provoking, and often complex, methodological questions. It seemed appropriate to bring these papers together as a special collection both for what they can offer others working with children and youth and those working in other sub-disciplines within and beyond Geography. Therefore, in this short introduction we have sought to illuminate the innovation currently taking place in methodological debates within Children's Geographies and highlight how it might benefit human geography as a whole to draw on these discussions (where they are often currently sidelined). Although Children's Geographies can be traced back to the 1970s with the pioneering work of Bunge, Golledge, Hart, and Ward, it is only over the last decade or so that the sub-discipline has emerged and reached critical mass. Other sub-disciplines which have developed in human geography over the past thirty years, seeking the emancipation of women and other excluded groups and their inclusion into the academy, have drawn upon their distinctive approaches to engage in, and contribute to, broader debates and dialogue in human geography. Similarly, Holloway and Valentine (2000) stress that one possible feature of Children's Geographies as an emerging sub-discipline could be to move beyond demonstrating that children have unique and interesting geographies worthy of attention, and to indicate the wider relevance of the children's geographies to other aspects of geographical research. The contribution that Children's Geographies has already begun to make in some areas of the discipline is indeed encouraging, particularly where the contribution of children's role in Children's Geographies Vol. 6, No. 2, May 2008, 117–119


The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the institutional design of the Conselho Deliberativo de Desenvolvimento Metropolitano (CDDM) of the Regiao Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH) and its consequences in the CDDM's functioning and its deliberative effectiveness, with regard to the social participation. It has done an approach of the institutional design's character and the CDDM's practices that contribute or limit the participation of civil society and the reach of the Council. For this study, it has made: literature review about the relevant themes; the systematization of the minutes of the Council meetings; direct observation of an event on RMBH's metropolitan management and interviews with key-actors associated to the CDDM activities. It has been concluded, from the study that social participation has great relevance in the RMBH's metropolitan management originated from the CDDM. The institutional design and the practices of the CDDM in some aspects encourage the participation ant the deliberation, but in others limit it, so there it is necessary to improve the participatory process.


A federal appeals court has ruled in Walgreens' favor regarding a pharmacist who was dismissed after shooting at armed robbers with a legally concealed handgun.


Introduction of composites for aircraft fabrication has given the opportunity to all researchers and original equipment manufacturers to design a lightweight structure that will reduce both fuel consumption and harmful emissions. Reliability and cost of implementing structural health monitoring (SHM) systems are two critical parameters for the utilization of composite materials in the aviation industry. SHM of composite material components in the aviation industry not only lessens the downtime of aircraft but also enhances the possibility of damage detection in order to avoid severe failure. This article presents a case study of SHM systems that has been developed from research and implemented for the inspection and safety of recent aircraft structures. Compulsory components required for proper working of an SHM system and the basis and classification of defects in composite material components of aircraft are thoroughly explained in this article. Furthermore, characterization of SHM techniques (on the basis of functioning, advantages, and limitations) for crack detection and challenges of SHM systems are also part of this case study. An experimental work and its results have been well expressed regarding guided wave inspection using two different types of fiber-optic sensors for quasi-isotropic carbon fiber–reinforced plastic laminate. The ultimate goal of this article is to highlight the current challenges of SHM and promote the concept that SHM has great potential for research in the aviation industry.


The utility model relates to a non-gravitation transfusion box which comprises a box body and a box cover, and is characterized in that the box body is rectangular, a U-shaped opening is arranged at one end of the box body, a plurality of speed regulating hooks are arranged at the outer side the box body, a push plate is arranged in the box cover, and springs are arranged outside the box cover. When the transfusion box is used, a liquid bag is arranged in the box body, the opening of the liquid bag is put in the U-shaped opening, and the box cover covers the U-shaped opening; the springs arranged outside the box cover are hung on the different speed regulating hooks arranged outside the box body so as to achieve the purpose of automatic transfusion by utilizing the elasticity of the springs; and a transfusion apparatus can be connected after the needed time is regulated well so as to start transfusion. The non-gravitation transfusion box has the benefits of being simple in structure and convenience to operation, and being capable of conducting transfusion without being hung.


Hard and adherent AlN layers on glass have been deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. The deposition rate, the structure and the optical properties have been investigated mainly with respect to possible optical applications.


Traffic violations are common in the area zebra crossing at the location of traffic lights, violations are generally caused by the negligence of motorists who do not comply with existing regulations. As a result, there were many traffic accidents that could have been avoided. Starting from this problem, a simulation model tool is needed that is able to provide direct appeals to drivers when a violation occurs. Based on this, the purpose of this research is to create a simulation model to prevent accidents caused by motorists who are negligent of the rules by identifying vehicles that stop crossing the line boundaries. zebracross or drivers waiting for an out of place traffic light using imagery HaarCascade Classifiers which is programmed using Python and OpenCV to help process digital images. The results of this study that the Haar Cascade Classifier algorithm can characterize motorbikes well, with the best average accuracy value of 91.5% at a resolution of 720p. Based on the results obtained shows that the algorithm haar cascade classifier can detect violations that exist at traffic lights. Hence this indicates the rate of traffic violations can reduce by utilizing the algorithm haar cascade classifier.


ABSTRACT The Tibetan Plateau is a product of the continental collision between the Indian and Asian plates along the Indus-Yarlung suture zone that started in the early Cenozoic. This collision initially produced stress at the collisional boundary and later propagated with time on both the Indian plate and Asian plate. Many studies have reported tectonic deformation in the Himalayas representing the immediate response of continental collision on the Indian side near the collisional boundary. However, there have been only few studies on the early Cenozoic shortening structures in the Lhasa block that forms the southernmost part of the Asian plate. In this study, we performed Ar/Ar geochronology of syntectonic muscovite from the Sinongduo thrust system in the central Lhasa block. The results show that the Sinongduo thrust system was active in the Early Eocene. We interpret the Sinongduo thrust system as an immediate response to the India-Asia collision in the Lhasa block. This study reconciles the early Cenozoic India-Asia collision with the lack of tectonic response in the Lhasa block.


The object of auction of mortgage rights is an immovable object as a collateral item that is guaranteed by the debtor to the creditor. In the auction process requires an auction object that has the potential to facilitate the execution of the auction object. Potential Auction Object selection will be a solution in determining which objects are more potential to be auctioned and provide space to more easily execute which objects must be done first. However, in selecting an auction object, it will certainly experience difficulties because each debtor has almost the same criteria as location, building specifications. The method used in making a decision on the potential auction object selection is TOPSIS. is a multi-criteria method that is used to identify solutions of alternative sets based on simultaneous minimization of the ideal point distance and maximize distance from the lowest point so it can facilitate decision making for auction objects that can be executed first.


Efficacy and safety of first-ever Dengue vaccine candidate in Phase 3Agenus' brain cancer vaccine doubles survival rate in GBM patientsNew study: Rotavirus vaccines dramatically cut hospitalization rates in US childrenTherapeutic vaccines – from heart disease to cancerAgenus' genital herpes vaccine significantly reduces viral burden in Phase 2The latest on PaxVax' and Gotovax AB's cholera vaccine candidatesACIP ponders recommendation for Prevnar use in seniors


This editorial presents the articles from the first quarter of the eleventh volume of the Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento (RBPD). In this issue, as in the previous ones, the works brought contributions on planning and development, as is usual in this journal. The first article approaches the present based on the past of Brazilian urban planning in the institutional dimension and its relationship with economic development initiatives. The development of a model for evaluating the legitimacy of integrated municipal plans for the management of civil construction waste is the objective of the second article. Next, an analysis of the deliberative process of the popular consultation is presented for the purpose of structuring part of the annual budget of the state of Rio Grande do Sul for the purpose of investments that promote regional development. The fourth article is entitled Marco Legal da Urbanização no Brasil: reflexes on the social function of property. The following article provides an opportunity to reflect on regional peripheries through the category of territories of poverty based on rural territories and citizenship. the in the sixth article.


The current density in a thin cylindrical metal wire placed in a longitudinal magnetic field is calculated. The general case is considered when the relation of a free run length of electrons to the radius of a wire can take arbitrary values. As boundary statements of the problem, use is made of the condition taking into account the dependence of the coefficient of a smooth surface on the angle of incidence between the vector of the electron velocity and the © Завитаев Э.В., Русаков О.В., Харитонов К.Е., 2016 normal to a metal surface. The results obtained are compared with theoretical calculations for a model of mirror and diffusion boundary conditions. The limiting case is considered and the results obtained are discussed.


By studying the approach of IFC leasing technical assistance projects implemented to date, the authors hope to provide a useful reference. This manual highlights which elements to look for locally, why experiences may be different between countries, and what (based on our collective experience) may be appropriate courses of action. Examining the approach of current and past projects, this manual also aims to identify the key policy issues on leasing development. Within these policy issues, there will be certain standards that are non-negotiable-tenets that form the foundation of credibility, integrity, and success around the world. There will be other elements on these issues that are based on general principles that can be applied only in specific ways depending on local conditions. This manual should help leasing development practitioners identify key local characteristics, assess their potential impact, and, therefore, make the decisions required on which route to take.


In this paper, we investigate whether natural selection works for firm exit after a massive natural disaster. By using a unique data set of more than 84,000 firms after the Tohoku Earthquake, we examined the impact of firm efficiency on firm bankruptcy both inside and outside of the earthquake-affected areas. We find that more efficient firms are less likely to go bankrupt both inside and outside of the affected areas, which indicates the existence of natural selection. However, we also find that firms located inside the earthquake-affected areas are less likely to go bankrupt than those located outside of the areas. We also applied the same methodology to the case of the Kobe Earthquake, and find qualitatively similar results.


The article deals with the problem of shortage of fresh drinking water in arid regions of the world. The article describes the atmosphere of the planet, as an inexhaustible source of fresh water. To take this water, you just have to open symbolic valve.   Here, briefly described a method for producing water from air.


Haul truck selection involves the consideration of a vast amount of information before the final decision is made. This judgment should not be made simply on the choice of power train, because to go for mechanical or electric drive has always been a case of horses for courses. Some sites are just better suited to electric drive. It could, for instance, be argued that coming out of deep mines with long haul roads is an ideal application for electric drive, but negotiating steep down gradients fully laden would favor mechanical drive. Engine selection on the other hand is easier to define but normally is the direct responsibility of the customer, with the truck manufacturer acting as impartial adviser. Understandably each will offer engines it believes to be well matched to the truck and to the site application requirements. Long term mine planning with careful attention to future equipment requirements is the key to all equipment purchases. This paper discusses the various considerations.


The present invention relates to a method of making a firelog, as well as to a firelog itself, and methods of using the firelog. The method of the present invention allows firelogs to be made that burn very cleanly. This is advantageous for the environment. Furthermore, the firelogs of the present invention can be burnt in a conventional fireplace, or in a stove. This is in contrast to the presently available firelogs which cannot be burnt in a stove.


More and more wireless sensor networks are applied to a variety of applications for accurate monitoring.Duo to the high node deployment density,and the data periodically generated by nodes,there are many redundant data in the network,whose transmission consumes large amounts of energy.In order to reduce data transmission amount in the network and the communication overhead,a routing protocol for in-network aggregation based on spatio-temporal correlation in WSN named TS-INDAR is proposed.The amount of data transmission in the network is reduced by employing the in-network aggregation technology and spatio-temporal correlation protocol.TS-INDAR establishes maximum overlap routing trees to improve the chance of data aggregation,and the data with spatio-temporal correlation are controlled through regional and temporal suppression.The size of the correlation region is adjusted according to the distance between the center of the event area and the sink node.Compared with the existing routing protocols,TS-INDAR decreases the amount of data transmission in network,and reduces the communication overhead.The simulation results show that,TS-INDAR ensures the accuracy of monitoring data,and the energy consumption of the network is reduced by 25%compared with the DRINA algorithm,and is 11.6%lower than the EAST algorithm.


Abstract In flows where the ratio of inertia to gravity varies strongly, large variations in the fluid thickness appear and hydraulic jumps arise, as depicted by Rayleigh. We report a new family of hydraulic jumps, where the capillary effects dominate the gravitational acceleration. The Bond number – which measures the importance of gravitational body forces compared to surface tension – must be small in order to observe such objects using capillarity as a driving force. For water, the typical length should be smaller than 3 mm. Nevertheless, for such small scales, solid boundaries induce viscous stresses, which dominate inertia, and capillary jumps should not be described by the inertial shock wave theory that one would deduce from Bélanger or Rayleigh for hydraulic jumps. In order to get rid of viscous shears, we consider Plateau borders, which are the microchannels defined by the merging of three films inside liquid foams, and we show that capillary jumps propagate along these deformable conduits. We derive a simple model that predicts the velocity, geometry and shape of such fronts. A strong analogy with Rayleigh's description is pointed out. In addition, we carried out experiments on a single Plateau border generated with soap films to observe and characterize these capillary jumps. Our theoretical predictions agree remarkably well with the experimental measurements.


ABSTRACT Daily activities performed by the lecturers at a university to be a complicated process lecturers are doing business outside of the university. This is because the lecturer will find  difficulties to collect data about the activities commonly performed in the university, it will be difficult for employers in searching information about the presence of teachers, and it will be difficult also for lecturers in getting information about teaching schedule. That can only be seen at the university. Likewise, students should go to the university to find information about the presence of lecturers through their teaching schedule. Therefore by making a system of daily activity can help lecturers to continue performing their activities outside the university and conduct activity data can be sent via mobile phone to the server by using the SMS Gateway. Lecturers activity data can also be accessed by students as information. The Server-based SMS Center is made online managed by the admin and lecturers can access it with different access right. it is done so that each lecturer can input data such as schedules, other activities as well as an online agenda that will also be accessible through the system Daily Activity-base SMS Gateway. The results of this system in the form of the output from the server to the user who sends the input data in a certain SMS format. This software is made with J2ME programming language and SMS-based Center online using PHP MySQL. Keyword : Daily, activities, lecturers, sms, J2ME


It is now well known that spatial ability is correlated with many aspects of scientific learning and practice, including the learning of surgical anatomy. However, because this data is only a correlation, we do not know whether it represents a causal relation. For example, is having high spatial abilities an intellectual pre‐requisite for succeeding in learning anatomy? I will explore the role of spatial ability in learning in spatially rich field, such as anatomy, and will consider when and why spatial thinking may affect learning. Even when there is a high correlation between spatial ability and performance, this alone does not mean that spatial ability is always involved in learning new information. I will also consider ways in which students with lower levels of spatial ability may do well.


The invention relates to a method for importing common files to a database. The method includes the steps of firstly, allowing an entry program module to determine whether files to be imported to the base exist or not; if yes, performing next step; if not, ending; secondly, call pre-stored configuration information and checking rules in a master unit module; thirdly, allowing the entry program module to check whether related information in the files to be imported to the database matches with the configuration information or not; if yes, adding the files to be imported to the database into the database regularly and performing the step 4; if not, compressing the files to be imported to the database and feeding back the files to the master unit module for storage, and ending; fourthly, allowing the entry program module to generate logs related to the files to be imported to the database, and feed the files to be imported to the database and the logs back to the master unit module for storage. The method allows for regular import of common flies to the database in batches, service continuity is guaranteed, problems are found in the first place, and corporate image is promoted.


fits each quadrant of the screen appropriately, it is possible to cover the whole of a two metre screen with it. An illustration is inset Fig. 1, showing the effect of gold-headed pins marking out a scotoma as seen through the protractor mounted as a wall-roller blind. The instrument as shown is inexpensive, and is easily affixed to a wall or an easel. I am obliged for assistance in the development of this instrument to Messrs. H. M. Traquair, McKie Reid and John Pike. The instrument is made by Rayner & Co., 10.0, New Bond Street. The instrument can be further improved by a system of even illumination from two " Holophane" reflectors, which can hold 60 watt frosted bulbs on iron brackets. These lamps are mounted on iron brackets and at a position 2 ft. above and in front of the upper corners of the screen with a slight inclination downwards and inwards. This is calculated to give an even illumination of 10 foot-candles over the whole black surface. This intensity of illumination is the same as that now in use on the Bjerrum screen at Moorfields.


Opportunities to learn are everywhere, often in overlooked places, such as in the Universal Product Code (UPC) that is used for barcodes on nearly everything we buy. In this paper, we describe an engaging and meaningful activity in which these barcodes were used in an introductory calculus-based physics class.


Biologically inspired design (BID) is an emerging field of research with increasing achievements in engineering for design and problem solving. Its economic, societal, and ecological impact is considered to be significant. However, the number of existing products and success stories is still limited when compared to the knowledge that is available from biology and BID research. This article describes success factors for BID solutions, from the design process to the commercialization process, based on case studies and market analyses of biologically inspired products. Furthermore, the paper presents aspects of an effective knowledge transfer from science to industrial application, based on interviews with industrial partners. The accessibility of the methodological approach has led to promising advances in BID in practice. The findings can be used to increase the number of success stories by providing key steps toward the implementation and commercialization of BID products, and to point out necessary fields of cooperative research.


A novel 3D tomographic algorithm for short range cylindrical geometries using UWB frequency range is presented. The algorithm has been applied to breast tumor detection, nevertheless, its non application-specific character permits the use in other applications. The detection capability of the tomographic algorithm is proved through numerical simulations and experimental measurements of canonical and more realistic body-attached breast phantoms. For the acquisition of the experimental data, a virtual array-based cylindrical measurement setup has been built. At the current stage of development 3 degrees of freedom are available allowing the scanning of bodies with revolution symmetry.


The tunnel boring machine (TBM) disc cutter chipping process was studied using a numerical model implementing the finite discrete element method (FDEM) in two-dimensional (2D) space. Disc cutters were simulated as indenters penetrating a rock to a prescribed depth, and the fracture patterns for different cutter spacings were examined. The results displayed fracture patterns typical for disc cutting and the modelling process provided important considerations required to model a TBM disc cutter using 2D FDEM.


While sliding-mode triboelectric nanogenerators (S-TENGs) have been considered as one of the most promising devices for rotational energy harvesting, their inherently poor durability has been a serious bottleneck for applications. Herein, we report a three-dimensional kirigami TENG as a highly efficient and durable rotational energy harvesting device. The kirigami TENG consisted of cube-shaped paper, aluminum (Al) foil electrode and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer film, and converted rotational motion into multiple folding-unfolding vibrations. The rotation-folding (R-F) kirigami TENG generated an open-circuit voltage of 31 V, a short-circuit current of 0.67 μA and an instantaneous power (power density) of 1.2 μW (0.13 μW/cm2) at 200 rpm, which was sufficient to turn on 25 light-emitting diodes and a thermo-hygrometer. The triboelectric outputs of the R-F kirigami TENG were only slightly decreased even after 288,000 continuous rotations, i.e., the output remained at 86% of its initial value. This work demonstrates that an R-F kirigami TENG could be a plausible candidate to efficiently harvest various forms of rotational energy with a long-term durability.


The journey of Nh. Dini in fighting symbolicism can be examined through the relationship between Nh. Dini as a writer and her work sentitled Jalan Bandungan. Actions again symbolicism are categorized as effort stoliberate the subject to achieve the autonom ous. This study aim storeveal the subjectivity of Nh. Dini as the author of the novel Jalan Bandungan by utilizing the concep to subjectivity that was conceived by SlavojŽižek. This research uses a qualitative method and Todorov's point of view analysis approach. The object o fthis research is the novel by Nh. Dini entitled Jalan Bandungan. This study uses data collection techniques with comprehensive reading anduses data analysis techniques by recording. The results of this study indicate that the subjectivity of Nh. Dini in writing the novel Jalan Bandungan is a radical actagainst the symbolic prisons of domestification and feudalism. The entireprocess of writing the novel Jalan Bandungan shows radicalactions Nh. Dini. The action gave rise to symbolic changes that surrounded Nh. Dini and simultane ously attract subjectivity Nh. Dini to return to the symbolic. Keywords: Jalan Bandungan, Nh. Dini, subjectivity, symbolic, Žižekian.


To encourage efficient consumption of energy, India has adopted energy consumption labels for electrical equipment and is now considering the introduction of fuel efficiency labels for cars. By means of a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE), this paper assesses consumer preferences for fuel efficiency labels in New Delhi. A novelty of this study is that half of the respondents are treated by informing them that an environmental regulation would impose restrictions on the number of days cars can ply with the exception of highly efficient labeled cars which would be allowed to ply every day. An additional novelty of this study is that, in order to deepen our understanding on why people prefer cars that are labeled as fuel efficient, we take into account behavioural motives, which we divide into intrinsic motivation, environmental knowledge, extrinsic motivation (social network) and social interaction. We report results of latent class logit model and random parameter logit model. The classes in the latent class model are classified based on respondent's socio-economic characteristics and behavioural motives. The results show that on average, respondents are willing to pay more for the highly efficient labeled car under both control and incentive treatment, however, the willingness to pay for highly efficient labeled car is much higher under the incentive treatment.


Early studies suggested that nitazoxanide (a thiazolide anti-infective agent) monotherapy produced sustained virologic responses in patients with genotype 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28:574). Now, investigators in Egypt have evaluated the efficacy of nitazoxanide as cotherapy in these patients.

In the industry-supported, unblinded, multicenter, phase II trial, investigators randomized 96 treatment-naive HCV-positive patients to standard therapy …


BACKGROUND
 Human interaction with machines is essential for the success of telerehabilitation programs. Telerehabilitation devices are designed for use by individuals whose behavior is atypical due to motor impairment. In order to implement optimal control strategies for human-machine interactions that are intuitive and safe, the machine must "gain an understanding" of the user's actions.

 OBJECTIVE
 This study seeks to demonstrate the possibility of classifying bimanual movements in telerehabilitation using machine learning, toward automatic assessment of motor performance.

 METHODS
 Nine healthy individuals interacted with a commercial virtual reality gaming system within an engaging citizen science project. Time series of their movement were recorded by the sensors embedded in the device as they performed scientific tasks. We performed principal component analysis to identify salient features of movements, and then applied a bagged trees ensemble classifier to classify the movements.

 RESULTS
 Classification achieved exceptionally high performance, reaching 99.9% accuracy. Among the movements, elbow flexion was most accurately classified (99.2%) and horizontal shoulder abduction to the right side of the body was most misclassified (98.8%).

 CONCLUSIONS
 Coordinated bimanual movements in virtual reality can be classified with extraordinary high accuracy. Our findings lay the foundation for the development of motion analysis algorithms in virtual reality-mediated telerehabilitation.


Scala provides an actor library where computation entities , called actors, communicate by exchanging messages. The schedule of message exchanges is in general non-deterministic. Testing non-deterministic programs is hard, because it is necessary to ensure that the system under test has executed all important schedules. Setac is our proposed framework for testing Scala actors that (1) allows programmers to specify constraints on schedules and (2) makes it easy to check test assertions that require actors to be in a stable state. Setac requires little change to the program under test and requires no change to the actor run-time system. In sum, Setac aims to make it much simpler to test non-deterministic actor programs in Scala.


Government-Linked Investment Companies (GLIC) is considered as one of a powerful engine to promote economic growth in Malaysia which could lead to rapid expansion of globalization. Ministry of Finance has become the most powerful player in the Malaysian economy which greatly impacts the economy by its state intervention and politics according to Free Malaysia Today, (2018). It could stimulate the economy of the country as it is one of the biggest substances to development. The Performance of GLIC in Malaysia is still uncertain due to external and internal factors of the economy and the firm itself. This research is undertaken with an aim to measure and identify influences on the performance of Government-Linked Investment Companies in Malaysia. This study focused on using data collection method from respective firm's annual report which the period of data analysis covers from 2010-2016. In addition, this study will be using return on asset as the dependent variable and firm size, leverage, and liquidity as the independent variables as measurement for the performance of Government-Linked Investment Companies in Malaysia. There are five companies selected in this study which are Khazanah Nasional Berhad, Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja, Lembaga Tabung Haji, Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera, and Kumpulan Wang Persaraan. Evidence found from the previous studies by other researcher stating that the firm size, leverage, and liquidity carry a negative impact. However, in this study all independent variables outcomes are significantly related to performance although it carries a negative impact. Moreover, this study will be using the panel least square statistical method to test for the independent and dependent variables relationship.


We study a generalized action for gravity as a constrained BF theory, and its relationship with the Plebanski action. We analyse the discretization of the constraints and the spin foam quantization of the theory, showing that it leads naturally to the Barrett-Crane spin foam model for quantum gravity. Our analysis holds true in both the Euclidean and Lorentzian formulation.


The spectacular growth of mobile data traffic calls for drastic improvement in mobile network capacity beyond current 3G/4G networks. In this paper, we describe a millimeter-wave mobile broadband (MMB) system that taps the vast spectrum in 3 - 300 GHz to meet that demand. We discuss the unique advantages of millimeter waves such as spectrum availability and massive antenna arrays in small form factors. We also describe a practical MMB system design that provides Gbps data rate at distance up to 500 meters and supports mobility up to 350 kmph. We show in system simulation that an MMB system with basic configuration achieves more than 30 times cell throughput and cell-edge performance than a 20-MHz LTE system.


Adaptive modulation and coding scheme (AMC) is an effective way to achieve high data rate communication. In AMC system, the key issue is to determine the switching rule for different modulation and coding scheme (MCS). In this paper, adaptive threshold controlling scheme for AMC is proposed. The proposed scheme controls switching thresholds according to target block error rate. Simulation results have shown that the throughput performance of the proposed scheme is very close to the performance, which obtained by the optimum SIR thresholds.


Based on the information needs of stakeholders (from animal feed to consumers, including the authorities and organizations involved) an integrated IT-system without structural fractures and barriers shall be developed. It will be designed to enable the merging, internal exchange and utilization of relevant data and parameters. Subprojects of the interdisciplinary research consortium cover the entire supply chain and also address cross-section issues, such as logistics, costs and benefits, veterinarian services, quality assurance systems, a comprehensive IT-solution including data format standards (agroXML), and requirements for sustainability. Substantial added value has been generated from intensive interdisciplinary co-operation. The interdisciplinary research project IT FoodTrace (www.itfoodtrace.de) aims at achieving traceability and quality assurance along the food chain of "meat and meat products".


We study polarization effects in collisions of high energy ..gamma.. beams obtained in the Compton scattering of laser light on electrons (according to the scheme of I. F. Ginzburg et al., Preprint 81-50, IYaF SO AN SSSR, Novosibirsk, 1981, and JETP Letters 34, 491 (1982)). For this we determine the Stokes parameters of the ..gamma.. beams xi/sub i/ and xi-tilde/sub j/ and their average values and as functions of the photon energy and polarization of the initial beams. The quantities that are measurable in ..gamma gamma.. collisions are expressed in terms of the average values , which, in general, are not equal to , which complicates the study of polarization phenomena. In particular, not =0, even for unpolarized electron and laser beams. It is shown that in two important limiting cases roughly-equal. Effects due to correlation between the beams are studied.


Seeking featured development is one the optimal strategies for the transformation and upgrading of high-end restaurants. They should give full play to their strengths,integrates their range of resources,and develop their peculiarities in products and service. Product development should cater for demand of the tourism industry,or reflect local folk culture,or feature a certain theme; and service should be customer-oriented,highlighting corporate culture and enhancing e-business. Seeking its own peculiarities will help a business to improve its core competitiveness and to propel its healthy,rapid and sustainable development.


Mandibular lateral displacement (MLD) malocclusion requires one of the most difficult treatment modalities. It can be associated with complex symptoms such as TMJ pain, head and neck pain, cervical pain, and functional disturbances of the cranio-mandibular system (CMS). This report describes the interdisciplinary approach including endodontic, orthodontic


To investigate the effect of KTH integrated nursing intervention in patients with breast cancer chemotherapy, thirty-nine breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in our hospital were randomized according to the random number table method. 39 patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing intervention. 40 patients in the observation group were treated with KTH integrated nursing intervention on the basis of routine nursing care. Preand post-intervention GSES scores, lifestyle (sports, self-realization, nutrition, interpersonal relationships, health responsibilities, stress management) scores, and cancer-induced fatigue (RPFS) scores. The GSES score was higher in the two groups after the intervention for 3 months than before the intervention, and the GSES score was higher in the observation group after 3 months of intervention than in the control group (P<0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the observation group sports, self-realization, nutrition, The treatment scores of interpersonal relationships, health responsibilities, and stress were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the RPFS scores were lower than the pre-intervention 3 months after the intervention and the RPFS scores were lower in the observation group than in the control group after 3 months of intervention (P). <0.05). KTH integrated nursing intervention can effectively improve the self-efficacy of patients with breast cancer chemotherapy, improve their lifestyle, and relieve the degree of cancer-induced fatigue.


Optical properties and carrier dynamics in 6.6, 10.4, and 14.4 nm wide Ga(Sb, Bi)/GaSb quantum wells (QWs) with ∼10%–11% of Bi were studied by photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, and transient reflectivity. Experiments revealed that low temperature emission is strongly governed by the decay of excitonic population that undergoes weak localization on the QW potential fluctuations rather than the strong defect-like localization typically found for highly mismatched alloys. This statement is supported first by the nearly linear increase of the PL intensity with the excitation power, second, by the lack of the S-shape signature in the temperature-dependent PL studies, and third, the absence of a strong lifetime dispersion for excitons. The low-temperature intraband carrier relaxation time is established in the range of 14–19 ps, nearly independent on the well width, while the exciton lifetime exhibits a well width dependence, i.e. this time decreases from ∼265 ps, through ∼206 ps, to ∼147 ps with the increase of the QW width from 6.6 to 14.4 nm. Our results demonstrate that in contrast to other dilute bismide alloys, GaSbBi behaves as a regular alloy rather than as a highly-mismatched material.


Abstract : Electron probe microanalysis was used to obtain a statistical microsegregation parameter which describes solute redistribution during the precipitation process in Al-Zn-Mg alloys. Precipitate nucleation and solute diffusion, which depend on the concentration and mobility of vacancies, determine the extent to which redistribution occurs throughout the heat treatment. Solution heat treatment temperature, quench rate, aging temperature and grain size were varied, and the effect of these variations on the distribution of precipitation was measured in terms of the microsegregation parameter. Microsegregation in the initial stages of aging is characterized by apparently independent redistribution of Mg and Zn. This effect may reflect the different solute-vacancy binding energies for these solute elements of Al. As aging proceeds, the alloys exhibit parallel redistribution of Mg and Zn indicating the development of solute partitioning as part of the precipitation process.


The preparation of frozen samples, in which the heterogeneous structures differ on a scale comparable to the dimensions of the zone excited by a single bombarding particle, has permitted two different processes of formation of mixed metal/water clusters under fast atom bombardment conditions to be distinguished. Sandwich-like structures, in which sodium ions were located either above or beneath a thin layer of ice, produced different (H2O) n •Na+ cluster patterns. The formation of only the monohydrate (n = 1) in the first case was attributed to a direct sputtering process, while the appearance of clusters with n ≤ 6 in the second case was connected with the interactions in the deeper regions of the excited zone. Possible differences in desolvation of clusters, dependent on the depth of their origin, were also noted.


This paper analyses the causal relationship between highway infrastructure and employment within the U.S. We estimate dynamic panel models in a vector autoregressive framework using time-series cross-sectional data on lane miles of roadway capacity and private sector employment for the 48 contiguous states over the period 1984-1997. The issue of spatial dependence is explicitly taken into account by means of a spatial filtering technique. Our analysis reveals evidence of employment growth temporally influenced by annual growth in the provision of major highways within the same state and all other states, as well as the other way around. However, the results show that the existence and direction of these temporal and spatial effects depend on the type of highways and time lags considered. Copyright (c) 2008 the author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2008 RSAI.


The profound psychological effect of combat experience on some veterans of the Vietnam War is well documented. The most common symptoms experienced by veterans suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are flashbacks, nightmares, startle responses, mntability, depression, and violent behavior (1). Veterans with PTSD experience a high incidence ofdivorce, marital conflict, and domestic violence; however, there have been no neports of the impact of the disorder on their children. In contrast, there is an extensive literature on the children of survivors of the Nazi concentration camps. These children have been reported to suffer from problems with separaiion and individuation, pathologic identification with their traumatized parents, depression, guilt, and aggressiveness (2). Since initiating a small child therapy program at the West Hayen Veterans Administration Medical Center three years ago, we have encountered many troubled and symptomatic children whose fathers are being treated for


The wireless sensor network is a network consisting of sensor devices that detect nearby symptoms and then send information about the obtained results. Earthquakes are natural phenomena that can come at any time. So we need a tool that works automatically to give a warning as soon as possible when a WSN-based earthquake occurs to anticipate community rescue and reduce the number of casualties. This earthquake simulation alert will provide two notifications. Visual notifications displayed on the LCD and from the web. The sound notification issued by the buzzer will be different depending on the vibration received by the SW-420 sensor. Parameter earthquake used is MMI (modified mercalli intensity) using a visual assessment, international earthquake parameters. SIG (earthquake intensity scale) which already has a PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) unit and includes MMI in it which is made by BMKG. After an excessive vibration is detected and it exceeds a predetermined limit, the MCU node will send an analog signal to the buzzer to provide a notification that has been set. For each appear notification, it aims to direct the public as soon as possible to assembly point that has been set in each building. Each detected vibration will be stored in WEB database. The vibration results detected by the sensor are a value of 0 (low) and 1 (high). These results will be sampled and produce an output in the form of Earthquake Intensity Scale.