Abstract Tartaric acid is a low‐molecular weight organic acid commonly present in the soil solutions of humic horizons. Tartrate anion forms relatively stable complexes with heavy metals, which may affect heavy metal mobility in the root zone and uptake by plants. However, no methods are available for determining its content in soils and there are no data on behavior of tartrate anion in soil media. This study was conducted to develop a technique to determine tartrate anion content in soils and to evaluate its retention by the silty clay Typic Haplustoll. The results indicated that tartrate anion interaction with soil consists of a fast stage of adsorption and calcium tartrate precipitation (about 2 hours), followed by a microbial degradation after a lag‐period of 30–40 hours. Tartrate anion retention reached a maximum at a pH from 4.2 to 4.5. Retained tartrate anion was effectively extracted from the soil by successive treatments with water and 0.1M HCl, and quantitatively determined by ion chromatograph...


Many a pincer nail can reside relatively unnoticed, curled in a nail bed and requiring no treatment, but when such nails become symptomatic, surgical treatment is necessary with a main goal of targeting the widened nail matrix, according to Nathaniel J. Jellinek, M.D., a dermatologist at Rhode Island Hospital, Providence.


L i g h t , K . , O b r i s t , P . , J a m e s , S . , & S t r o g a t z , D. C a r d i o  v a s c u l a r r e s p o n s e s t o s t r e s s : I I . R e l a t i o n s h i p s t o a e r o b i c e x e r c i s e p a t t e r n s . P s y c h o p h y s i o l o g y , 2 4 ( 1 ) , 7 9 8 6 . M cCanne, T . ( 1 9 8 3 ) . C h a n g e s i n a u to n o m ic r e s p o n d i n g t o s t r e s s a f t e r p r a c t i c e a t c o n t r o l l i n g h e a r t r a t e . B io  f e e d b a c k an d S e l f r e g u l a t i o n , 8_, 9 2 4 . M a l c u i t t , G . , & B e a u d r y , J . ( 1 9 8 0 ) . V o l u n t a r y h e a r t r a t e l o w e r i n g f o l l o w i n g a c a r d i o v a s c u l a r a r o u s i n g t a s k . B i o l o g i c a l P s y c h i a t r y , 1 0 , 2 0 1 2 1 0 . M anuck, S . , & G a r l a n d , F . ( 1 9 8 0 ) . S t a b i l i t y o f i n d i v i  d u a l d i f f e r e n c e s i n c a r d i o v a s c u l a r r e a c t i v i t y : a t h i r t e e n m onth f o l l o w u p . P h y s i o l o g y & B e h a v i o r , 2 4 , 6 2 1 6 2 6 . M anuck, S . , G i o r d a n i , B . , M cQ uaid , K . , & G a r r i t y , S . (1981) . B e h a v i o r a l l y i n d u c e d c a r d i o v a s c u l a r r e a c t i v i t y among s o n s o f r e p o r t e d h y p e r t e n s i v e a n d n o r m o t e n s i v e p a r e n t s . J o u r n a l o f P s y c h o s o m a t i c R e s e a r c h , 2 5 , 2 6 1 2 6 9 . M anuck, S . , K a p l a n , J . , & C l a r k s o n , T. ( 1 9 8 3 ) . B e h a v i  o r a l l y i n d u c e d h e a r t r a t e r e a c t i v i t y a n d a t h e r o s c l e r  o s i s i n c y n o m o lg u s m o n k e y s . P s y c h o s o m a t i c M e d i c i n e , 4 5 , 9 5 1 0 8 . R eproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 105 M anuck, S . , & P r o i e t t i , J . ( 1 9 8 2 ) . P a r e n t a l h y p e r  t e n s i o n a n d c a r d i o v a s c u l a r r e s p o n s e t o c o g n i t i v e a n d i s o m e t r i c c h a l l e n g e s . P s y c h o p h y s i o 1o g y , 1 9 , 4 8 1 4 8 9 . M a r s h a l l E l e c t r o n i c s , I n c . ( 1 9 8 3 ) . A s t r o p u l s e 88 A u to m a t ic D i g i t a l Sphygm om anom eter I n s t r u c t i o n M a n u a l . S k o k i e , IL : A u t h o r . M a t th e w s , K . , W e i s s , S . , D e t r e , T . , D e m b ro s k i , T . , F a l k n e r , B . , M anuck , S . , & W i l l i a m s , R.W. ( 1 9 8 6 ) . H andbook o f S t r e s s , R e a c t i v i t y , an d C a r d i o v a s c u l a r D i s e a s e . New Y o rk : J o h n W i le y . M i l l s , W ., & F a r r o w , J . ( 1 9 8 1 ) . The t r a n s c e n d e n t a l m e d i t a t i o n t e c h n i q u e a n d a c u t e e x p e r i m e n t a l p a i n . P s y c h o s o m a t i c M e d i c i n e , 4 3 , 1 5 7 1 6 3 . P a t e l , C. ( 1 9 7 7 ) . B i o f e e d b a c k a i d e d r e l a x a t i o n and m e d i t a t i o n i n t h e m anagem en t o f h y p e r t e n s i o n . B io  f e e d b a c k an d S e l f r e g u l a t i o n , 2 , 1 4 1 . P a u l , G. ( 1 9 6 9 ) . I n h i b i t i o n o f p h y s i o l o g i c a l r e s p o n s e t o s t r e s s f u l im a g e r y b y r e l a x a t i o n t r a i n i n g a n d h y p  n o t i c a l l y s u g g e s t e d r e l a x a t i o n . B e h a v i o r R e s e a r c h a n d T h e r a p y , 7 , 2 4 9 2 5 6 . P a u l , G . , & T r i m b l e , R. ( 1 9 7 0 ) . R e c o rd e d v s . " l i v e " r e l a x a t i o n a n d h y p n o t i c s u g g e s t i o n : C o m p a r a t iv e e f f e c t i v e n e s s f o r r e d u c i n g p h y s i o l o g i c a l a r o u s a l a n d i n h i b i t i n g s t r e s s r e s p o n s e . B e h a v i o r a l T h e r a p y , 1 , 2 8 5 3 0 2 . P a u l , 0 . ( 1 9 7 7 ) . E p i d e m i o lo g y o f h y p e r t e n s i o n . I n J . G e n e s t , E . K o iw , and 0 . K u c h e l ( E d s . ) , H y p e r t e n s i o n : P h y s i o p a t h o l o g y and T r e a t m e n t (p p . 6 1 3 6 1 9 ) . New Y o r k : M cG raw -H i1 1 . P i n t o , B . , F u q u a , W ., K e l l e r , S . , & F e t t e s , P . ( 1 9 8 7 ) . E f f e c t s o f a s s e r t i v e n e s s a n d r e l a x a t i o n t r a i n i n g on c a r d i o v a s c u l a r r e a c t i v i t y . P a p e r p r e s e n t e d a t t h e T h i r t e e n t h A n n u a l M e e t in g o f t h e A s s o c i a t i o n f o r t h e A n a l y s i s o f B e h a v i o r , N a s h v i l l e , TN. R e e v e s , J . , & S h a p i r o , D. ( 1 9 8 2 ) . H e a r t r a t e b i o f e e d  b a c k a n d c o l d p r e s s o r p a i n . P s y c h o p h y s i o l o g y , 19 , 3 9 3 4 0 3 . R e p o r t o f M e d ic a l C o u n c i l W o rk in g P a r t y on M ild t o M o d e ra te H y p e r t e n s i o n . ( 1 9 8 1 ) . L a n c e t , 2 , 5 3 9 5 4 2 . Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 1 0 6 R e p o r t o f t h e J o i n t C o m m it te e on D e t e c t i o n , E v a l u a t i o n , an d T r e a t m e n t o f H ig h B lo o d P r e s s u r e , 1 9 7 7 . J o u r n a l o f t h e A m e r ic a n M e d ic a l A s s o c i a t i o n , 2 3 7 , 2 5 5 2 6 1 . R u s s e l l , R . , S i p i c h , J . , & K n i p e , J . ( 1 9 7 6 ) . P r o g r e s s  i v e r e l a x a t i o n t r a i n i n g : A p r o c e d u r a l n o t e . B e h a v i o r T h e r a p y , 1_, 5 6 6 5 6 8 . S a l e s , S . , & H o u s e , J . ( 1 9 7 1 ) . J o b d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n a s a p o s s i b l e r i s k f a c t o r i n c o r o n a r y h e a r t d i s e a s e . J o u r n a l o f C h r o n i c D i s e a s e s , 2 3 , 8 6 1 8 7 3 . S c h m ie d e r , R . , P r e i d r i c h , G . , N e u s , H . , R u d e l , H . , & v o n E i f f , A. ( 1 9 8 3 ) . The i n f l u e n c e o f b e t a b l o c k e r s on c a r d i o v a s c u l a r r e a c t i v i t y a n d T ype A b e h a v i o r p a t t e r n i n h y p e r t e n s i v e s . P s y c h o s o m a t i c M e d ic i n e , 4 5 ( 5 ) , 4 1 7 4 2 3 . S i r o t a , A . , S c h w a r t z , G . , & S h a p i r o , D. ( 1 9 7 4 ) . V o lu n  t a r y c o n t r o l o f human h e a r t r a t e : E f f e c t on r e a c t i o n t o a v e r s i v e s t i m u l a t i o n . J o u r n a l o f A bnorm al P s y c h o  l o g y , 83 (3) , 2 6 1 2 6 7 . S i r o t a , A . , S c h w a r t z , G . , & S h a p i r o , D. ( 1 9 7 6 ) . V o lu n  t a r y c o n t r o l o f human h e a r t r a t e : . E f f e c t on r e a c t i o n t o a v e r s i v e s t i m u l a t i o n : A r e p l i c a t i o n a n d e x t e n s i o n . J o u r n a l o f A bnorm al P s y c h o l o g y , 8 5 , 4 7 3 4 7 7 . S k i n n e r , B .F . ( 1 9 5 3 ) . S c i e n c e a n d Human B e h a v i o r (p p . I 3 2 f f ) . New Y o rk : The F r e e P r e s s . S t e p t o e , A. ( 1 9 7 7 ) . V o l u n t a r y b l o o d p r e s s u r e r e d u c t i o n s m e a s u r e d w i t h p u l s e t r a n s i t t i m e : T r a i n i n g c o n d i t i o n s a n d r e a c t i o n t o m e n ta l w o r k . P s y c h o p h y s i o l o g y , 14 , 4 9 2 4 9 8 . ~ S t e p t o e , A. ( 1 9 7 8 ) . The r e g u l a t i o n o f b l o o d p r e s s u r e r e a c t i o n s t o t a x i n g c o n d i t i o n s u s i n g p u l s e t r a n s i t t im e f e e d b a c k a n d r e l a x a t i o n . P s y c h o p h y s i o l o g y , 1 5 ( 5 ) , 4 2 9 4 3 8 . S t e p t o e , A . , & G r e e r , K. ( 1 9 8 0 ) . R e l a x a t i o n and s k i n c o n d u c t a n c e f e e d b a c k i n t h e c o n t r o l o f r e a c t i o n s t o c o g n i t i v e t a s k s . B i o l o g i c a l P s y c h o l o g y , 1 0 , 1 2 7 -1 3 8 . S t e p t o e , A . , M e l v i l l e , D . , & R o s s , A. ( 1 9 8 4 ) . B e h a v i  o r a l r e s p o n s e d e m a n d s , c a r d i o v a s c u l a r r e a c t i v i t y , and e s s e n t i a l h y p e r t e n s i o n . P s y c h o s o m a t i c M e d i c i n e , 4 6 , 3 3 4 8 . — R eproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


This report documents the occupational-health conditions and exposures at the Malmstrom AFB MT coal-fired heating plant so a baseline industrial-hygiene monitoring program can be developed. Coal dust, ash, chemical, fugitive gas, noise, heat stress, and cold stress exposures were monitored. Results indicate the primary occupational health hazard was coal dust and ash exposure. This was especially true when the coal dust and ash silica content exceeded 5%. Hazardous noise levels were encountered throughout the plant. Potential chemical and heat/cold stress hazards were identified, but not considered significant at the time of the survey.


The paper discusses the interrelation and interconditionality of phenomena of the person and a dialogue. The declared theme is considered from principle positions of the personality, the subject approach and the dialogueism ideology. The principle of the personality suggests that phenomenology and laws of dialogue, its psychological component and other aspects should be investigated from a position of personal conditionality and consideration of the person as the subject of the dialogue realizing functions significant for the person and focusing on achievement of the purposes significant for the person. The category subject used in the paper is involved to substantiate quality and the orientation of the persons activity (special kind of which is a dialogue) to the change of an external world in order to support the internal one. Inclusion of dialogueism ideology is urged to emphasize necessity of contacts with the Different and with Another to search and define himself as a person, as well as to get identity. It is inferred that the development of the person is conditioned by procedure and content characteristics of the dialogue, by those roles which the person takes up, beginning from a birth till a maturity throughout the course of the persons life.


We analyze the global convergence of particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm.The one-step transition probabilities of particle velocity and particle position are calculated.Several properties about this Markov chain are investigated.The reducibility and nonhomogeneity are proved.It is shown that the particle state space is non-recurrent.These properties show the nonexistence of conditions for this Markov chain to be a stationary process.Thus,we confirm from the transition probability that the PSO algorithm is not global convergent.


Abstract: Helminthological examination was made on 42 individuals of Polypedates leucomystax captured on Miyakojima of the Miyako Group, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Eight species (one digenean, five nematodes, one acanthocephalan, and one oligochaete) were recognized, of which one nematode Strongyloides sp. characterized by the presence of an isthmus in the esophagus, seemed to have been newly adopted by P. leucomystax from herpetofaunal elements native to Miyakojima. Meanwhile, Raillietnema rhacophori and Allodero sp. were considered to have reached this island by accompanying P. leucomystax from the Central Ryukyus. Present specimens of R. rhacophori differed from conspecific specimens from the Okinawa Group and Malaysia in a few morphological characters, presumably as a result of bottlenecks through the host's dispersals involving a limited number of worms.


This study, sponsored by the U.S. General Services Administration's Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings, aimed to understand the potential for institutional and behavioral change to enhance the performance of buildings, through a demonstration project with the Department of Defense in five green buildings on the Fort Carson, Colorado, Army base. To approach this study, the research team identified specific occupant behaviors that had the potential to save energy in each building, defined strategies that might effectively support behavior change, and implemented a coordinated set of actions during a three-month intervention.


The effects of the density-dependent migration in a discrete space-time metapopulation model with multiple species are studied. We consider some specific local dynamics of biological relevance and analyze two different aspects. First, we assume that the homogeneous state of the local dynamics is asymptotically stable and investigate the instabilities caused by the density dependent migration process. Second, we deal with the relations between the density dependent migration and the possibility of synchronization for chaotic orbits. Some criteria for the transversal asymptotic stability of synchronized attractors are established.


The behavior of galvanic corrosion between carbon steel and CuAlBe with Shape Memory Effect was investigated using the technique of Zero Resistance Amperometry (ZRA), in an electrolytic environment that simulates the water produced from mature oil fields. For this purpose, we used a fractional factorial design 2 6-2 + 6 central points with the following variables: Cl , SO4 = , S = , HCO3 , ratio of anodic area to cathodic area (1:1, 1:1⁄2 , 1:1⁄4) and temperature (25, 35 and 45 °C). The anodic dissolution current was measured as a time function. The results present evidence that the anodic dissolution current is directly proportional to the anodic area in complex electrochemical fluid.


A description is given of the vane strength testing procedure, the equipment used and the interpretation and use of results.


1 Hong Wu, Østfold University College, Norway, N-1705 email@example.com Abstract  It is both interesting and worthwhile to experiment new methods for online course's effectiveness evaluations. The current study is an attempt for such an unconventional method. A survey of a number of sampled online courses is conducted on these courses' performance statistics, as their numbers of registered course documents. The survey analysis has examined these courses' performance statistics and established an empirical performance summary from each course. Further analysis compared on these performance summaries each other and mapped correlations between these performance summaries. As a result, a measurement standard for effectiveness evaluations for these online courses is established, empirically. The current study has also discussed the validity and reliability issues in standardization of teaching effectiveness evaluations based on courses' performance statistics.


Two new micro-endemic species of Eriocaulaceae are described from the Campos Rupestres of Serra Nova State Park, a conservation unit located in the Espinhaço Range in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Herein we provide descriptions, illustrations, photographs and maps, together with notes on morphology, distribution, phenology, taxonomy, and conservation. Paepalanthus ferrugineus is distinguished mainly by the reddish-brown involucral bracts, surpassing the floral disc, with the apex attenuate and tufted adaxially, tufted sepals and hairy petals. Syngonanthus polyaxis is easily differentiated by the inflorescence architecture with three morphologically distinct axial parts. Both species are considered Critically Endangered according to the IUCN Red List criteria.


In this prize talk, I recall some of the history surrounding the discovery of deeply virtual Compton scattering, and explain why it is an exciting experimental tool to obtain novel tomographic pictures of the nucleons at Jefferson Lab 12 GeV facility and the planned Electron-Ion Collider in the United States.


Introduction: The management of Mitral Regurgitation that still focuses heavily on surgical procedure, proves a challenge in deprived socioeconomic status. Case Presentation: We report a case of an asymptomatic forty-one years old woman referred with severe mitral regurgitation. Initial echocardiography shows that the patient has a severe mitral regurgitation. Later she underwent serial of follow-up echocardiography while administered oral medications for three months. In the latest evaluation she was found to have a significant improvement in lesion. Discussion: Despite the promising result, there is a challenge in early surgical intervention because of the limitation in experienced and advanced surgical centre as a prerequisite. When an adequate facility isn't available, medical treatment could help with the management of the valve insufficiency. However, there is still limited studies regarding the benefit of long-term medical therapy in severe valve insufficiency. Conclusion: Medical therapy for mitral regurgitation could play a role in a setting where an adequate surgical facility is not available and watchful-waiting approach is assigned to the patient.


Information about the stability of heavily interconnected power systems is found in low-frequency electromechanical modes. This research complements model-based and measurement-based approaches to mode estimation typically requiring much computation and ringdown from a disturbance, respectively. This paper discusses an adaptive step-size least mean square algorithm (ASLMS) for estimating the electromechanical modes near real time in which the step size (mu) is adaptively controlled to improve the convergence time of the estimates compared to the LMS. A simple gradient vector (gamma) and a small positive constant (rho) are introduced for controlled adaptation of mu. The improvement in convergence performance of the frequency and damping estimates when compared to the LMS estimates is shown by applying the ASLMS to simulated data containing a stationary mode from a 19-machine test model and ambient power system data, while using an initial weight vector from previous ASLMS, LMS and block processing algorithm estimates


Shallow‐water flows on fixed and movable beds play an important role in both hydrology and river morphodynamics, and several efforts have been devoted to investigating their stability. The analysis is usually conducted focusing the asymptotic fate of small disturbances, using normal modes. In this work we instead have tackled another aspect of the stability problem studying the disturbance behavior at finite times. Recent studies have in fact shown that nonnormality of differential operators can induce a nonmonotonic decay of disturbances in asymptotically stable cases and the occurrence of transient growths. We have investigated these aspects for the de Saint‐Venant‐Exner equations and discussed the transient behavior of the energy of disturbances for both fixed and movable bed conditions. We show that the former case provides weak levels of nonnormality; while the latter can give rise to important transient growths. These growths result from uniquely linear mechanisms, are potentially able to trigger nonlinear instabilities, and are physically due to a transfer of potential energy between the water stream and the bed. The results encourage revisiting the study of morphodynamics from a nonmodal perspective.


Systematic review (SR) in evidence-based medicine is a literature review which provides a conclusion to a specific clinical question. To assure credible and reproducible conclusions, SRs are conducted by well-defined steps. One of the key steps, the screening step, is to identify relevant documents from a pool of candidate documents. Typically about 2000 candidate documents will be retrieved from databases using keyword queries for a SR. From which, about 20 relevant documents are manually identified by SR experts, based on detailed relevance conditions or eligibility criteria. Recent studies show that document ranking, or screening prioritization, is a promising way to improve the manual screening process. In this paper, we propose a seed-driven document ranking (SDR) model for effective screening, with the assumption that one relevant document is known, i.e., the seed document. Based on a detailed analysis of characteristics of relevant documents, SDR represents documents using bag of clinical terms, rather than the commonly used bag of words. More importantly, we propose a method to estimate the importance of the clinical terms based on their distribution in candidate documents. On benchmark dataset released by CLEF'17 eHealth Task 2, we show that the proposed SDR outperforms state-of-the-art solutions. Interestingly, we also observe that ranking based on word embedding representation of documents well complements SDR. The best ranking is achieved by combining the relevances estimated by SDR and by word embedding. Additionally, we report results of simulating the manual screening process with SDR.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore health-related life experiences of Korean international students residing in the United States. Methods: The participants of this study were eight Korean international students, grades ranging from sophomore to senior classes. Data was collected through in-depth interviews of participants. Data were analyzed using the phenomenological methodology by Colaizzi. Results: From significant statements, six theme clusters were identified as follows: Desolation coming from a changed relationship; Worsening condition of health ; Being physically and psychologically worn out due to the pressure from living independently; A feeling of confusion derived from Psychological dichotomy between inferiority and superiority; difficulty of receiving medical service; acknowledgement of the social and cultural glass ceiling. Conclusion: The results of this study may become a foundation of development for the health care program that can elevate the interest level of international students regarding their health and responsibilities to take care of their health.


The effect of lithium (Li) in drinking water on caries prevalence in seven Texas towns was investigated. Children (life-long residents) aged 12-14 years were examined for caries prevalence, as DMFS, in towns with drinking water Li concentrations ranging from 0.0 to 165μg/L and fluoride (F) concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 1.94mgl L. A significant negative relationship was found between F in drinking water and DMFS. When corrected for the F contribution, Li in water supplies showed a positive correlation with DMFS.


Abstract Bay scallops (Argopecten irradians [Lamarck]) are a culturally and economically important component of Florida's nearshore marine community. However, many of the local populations that compose the bay scallop metapopulation in Florida have virtually disappeared since the 1950s. This study reports the results of a 3-year effort to restore bay scallop populations at 4 sites along the west central coast of the state (Tampa Bay, Anclote, Homosassa and Crystal River). During late summer of 1997, 1998 and 1999, wild adult scallops were retrieved from each of those four target sites and induced to spawn in the laboratory. The resultant offspring were grown to at least 20-mm shell height in a nursery setting and then transplanted to cages deployed at the site where their parents were originally harvested. The growth, survival and reproductive development of the planted scallops were recorded on an approximate 6-week schedule. Results suggest that caged scallops generally grew more slowly than their wild counterparts and that at most of the planting sites mortality was high, especially during late summer. Reproductive development and spawning, although delayed in the caged scallops relative to their wild conspecifics, appears to have proceeded in an otherwise normal fashion. Approximately 1,100 scallops survived and spawned during the first year of the project, whereas ~4,700 and 12,000 scallops survived to spawn in the second and third years of the project, respectively. Studies were also conducted to determine the optimal stocking density and the best placement of the cages. Results of the density study indicate that planting at lower densities increased growth and survival but did not necessarily result in more live scallops at the time of spawning. Results of the cage-placement study, which compared scallops planted in cages either inside or outside of a seagrass bed and either mounted on legs or placed directly on the sediment, revealed that scallops planted directly on the substrate within a seagrass bed suffered higher mortality and slower growth than did scallops planted in the other three treatment combinations. Overall results of this 3-year project suggest that planting cultured scallops in cages can be a successful strategy for increasing the local spawner stock density of bay scallops in depleted populations and, ultimately, for increasing larval supply to the metapopulation.


Abstract The article introduces the concept of 'strategic blueprinting' as a distinct practice of norm transfer, thereby turning the 'normative-power approach' on its head. Rather than transferring norms from the inside of liberal communities out, outsiders choose to copy parts of the acquis communautaire. European integration is thus perceived through the eye of the beholder. To elaborate on this strategy, the article compares it with other types of norm transfer such as transplantation and diffusion. The intention is to establish parameters for further research on norm transfer along the four principled dimensions of the new sociology of knowledge: (1) identify and define the practice (internal/external division); (2) situate the practice within the broader field of integration theories and the parallel development of integration policy and politics (symmetry principle); (3) reconstruct the practice (situatedness principle); and (4) establish its potential with regard to governance and constitutionalism in the global realm (contextualism).


Context Searching electronic health records (EHRs) may offer a convenient way to measure quality of care. Contribution The authors compared automated review of EHR fields with automated review followed by manual review of the EHR to assess the quality of care of outpatients with heart failure. They found that automated review sometimes underestimated how often warfarin was prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation because it missed documentation of legitimate reasons for not prescribing warfarin. Cautions The researchers did not measure how many quality measures identified by automated queries were false positives. Implications Automated review of the EHR missed many exclusion criteria for warfarin documented only in providers' notes. As a result, it underestimated provider performance. The Editors The Institute of Medicine and the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission have called for government payers to publicly report providers' clinical quality data and increase payments for health care providers who deliver higher-quality care (that is, pay-for-performance) (14). The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has already taken steps toward these goals with the Nursing Home Quality Initiative, the Home Health Quality Initiative, and the Hospital Quality Initiative (5, 6). More recently, the CMS announced the Physician Focused Quality Initiative, which will assess the quality of outpatient medical care for key illnesses and clinical conditions and investigate the concept of payment for performance (7). Assessing the quality of outpatient care, especially primary care, has unique challenges. Unlike quality-of-care assessment for hospitalized patients, information relevant to outpatient quality measures may be documented in past encounters and may not easily be identifiable, especially for patients with multiple comorbid conditions and many past visits (8, 9). In addition, patients often see several different physicians, and it may not be feasible to collect information for quality measurement from other providers. Electronic health record (EHR) systems have the potential to overcome some of these obstacles in measuring quality of care in office practices (9). The National Health Service in the United Kingdom has begun to use data automatically extracted from EHRs in family practices throughout the country to measure providers' performance on 146 quality indicators relating to clinical care for 10 chronic diseases, organization of care, and patient experience; practices are then paid according to the proportion of patients for whom they achieve each target (10). However, few studies have examined the accuracy of automated review of data from EHR systems to measure the quality of outpatient care (1113). Studies from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs have found that the success rates for checking a patient's hemoglobin A1c level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and blood pressure are higher on review of clinical notes compared with automated data from an EHR (12, 13). We have previously demonstrated a high frequency of misclassification of quality measures for coronary artery disease when automated review is compared with automated review in addition to manual review of providers' free-text notes (14). The American Medical Association (AMA)convened Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (PCPI), in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA), have developed physician performance measures, including measures of medication use for assessing the quality of care for patients with heart failure (15, 16). The CMS, together with PCPI, developed specifications to apply these quality measures using EHR systems (17). The CMS Doctor's Office Quality-Information Technology (DOQ-IT) project aims to demonstrate the utility of these measure specifications (17). We undertook this study to evaluate the accuracy of an automated system that used data from an EHR system to measure quality according to the available CMS/PCPI specifications for patients with heart failure. Methods Study Site and Patient Eligibility The institutional review board at Northwestern University approved the study. We used data from the general internal medicine clinic of the Northwestern Medical Faculty Foundation. This clinic has 41 faculty members who practice full-time or part-time and 103 residents who have their own panel of clinic patients. All physicians use an EHR for all clinical encounters (EpicCare, version 7.0, Epic Systems Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin); most faculty members had 3 or more years' experience using the EHR. History and physical examination data are usually entered as free text. The EHR has discrete fields for medical history, surgical history, allergies, social history, current and past medications (including date of order and discontinuation), vital signs, encounter diagnoses, and a problem list. Diagnosis names are linked to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), codes. Symptom codes (for example, shortness of breath) can be used if a diagnosis has not been established. There is no limit to the number of diagnoses that can be entered for a single encounter. We included patients if they 1) had 1 or more ICD-9 codes for heart failure (Appendix) listed in the problem list, medical history, or encounter diagnoses; 2) were seen 2 or more times in the general internal medicine clinic from 1 July 2003 to 31 December 2004; and 3) were 18 years of age or older. We did not attempt to identify patients who had heart failure but did not have this diagnosis entered into the EHR. Validation of Heart Failure Diagnosis Two investigators reviewed the physician notes of all patients who had a diagnosis of heart failure on their problem list or medical history but no encounter diagnoses (n= 28) to determine whether the treating physician thought the patient had previous heart failure and why it was not listed as an encounter diagnosis. We also reviewed charts for patients who had only a single-encounter diagnosis of heart failure (n= 66) to determine how often heart failure was used as an encounter diagnosis to justify a diagnostic test for a patient with symptoms that could be due to heart failure. Quality-of-Care Measures We selected 4 of the 11 PCPI measures for this study: measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) for all patients with diagnosed heart failure, -blockers for patients whose measured LVEF was less than 0.40, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor-blockers (ARBs) for patients whose measured LVEF was less than 0.40, and warfarin for patients with heart failure and comorbid atrial fibrillation. The remaining PCPI measures were not examined because of very high rates of adherence (blood pressure and weight monitoring), because of lack of discrete electronic fields to query (assessment of clinical symptoms and signs of volume overload, assessment of activity level, and assessment of patient education), or because the measures only applied to incident cases of heart failure (laboratory testing). Measurement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Because LVEF is not stored as a separate data field that can be queried automatically, we queried the EHR to identify all diagnostic tests that routinely measure LVEF (echocardiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and cardiac catheterization with ventriculography) and manually reviewed the test results and recorded the values when present. If no test results were available, the electronic physician notes were reviewed by 1 of the investigators to determine whether a treating physician had recorded an LVEF in the initial intake history, medical history, or notes appended to the problem list; if an LVEF was recorded, the value was recorded and was used to determine eligibility for the -blocker and ACE inhibitor or ARB measure. This review was facilitated by an electronic text search by using the terms lvef, ef_, echo, cardiac, and ventricular to identify any physician note that contained 1 of these terms. Qualitative descriptions were assigned to the following LVEF values: normal, 55%; mildly reduced, 45%; moderately reduced, 35%; and severely reduced, 25%. All patients who met the eligibility criteria for heart failure were included in the denominator of this quality measure. Medication Quality Measures: Automated Electronic Health Record Review The automated assessment for the medication quality measures involved a series of stepwise queries. We first identified which eligible patients had diagnoses of heart failure in their encounter, problem list, or medical history (Appendix). Next, we queried the patient encounter data table, the problem list data table, and the medical history data table for all diagnoses (ICD-9 codes) that were listed in the specifications as exclusion criteria for the quality measures (Appendix). Finally, the medication table was queried for current and discontinued prescriptions for -blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and warfarin. A medication was considered current if the start date fell before or within the study interval and the end date was either after the interval or absent. A medication was considered discontinued only if an end date was entered before the end of the study interval (31 December 2004). The medication list through 2004 included historical medications that were recorded in the EHR but were prescribed by a doctor in another practice. All data were then merged by using the unique patient identifier in the EHR. Medication Quality Measures: Manual Electronic Health Record Review For each of the 3 medication measures, we identified the subset of patients who did not meet the quality measure. An investigator then conducted a structured manual review of the data in the EHR, including physician notes, for all such patients. This method is often called a hybrid review (12). The review was facilitate


A 62-year-old man was brought to the hospital with back pain and muscle weakness accompanied by myalgia. These symptoms developed 20 h after he had consumed his last meal which included the wild mushroom Russula subnigricans . …


As parents today strive for balance between family and career, the Internet has emerged as one of the most effective and efficient ways for them to engage in their child's educational progress from the home or office. But, many parents are unaware of the tremendous value the Internet can offer in terms of the development of their child's education. Teachers and parents are recognizing the value of technology. They are also becoming more comfortable integrating the Internet and technology into classroom and home activities. A recent report from the U.S. Department of Commerce says that 90 percent of children between the ages of 5 and 17 now use computers at home and at school. However, teachers and parents are not using this medium to communicate with one another. According to the Milken Exchange on Education Technology, part of the Milken Family Foundation, only 12 percent of U.S. elementary and middle school teachers report using the World Wide Web to communicate with parents. As teachers and parents work together to assist students in their studies, the Web has emerged as a highly effective and informative communication tool to meet the needs of today's busy teachers and parents. A technologically savvy parent is of great benefit to a teacher and can be a critical component to a child's educational success. Parental involvement in schools improves student achievement, school programs and the learning environment as a whole. According to a 2001 report from the Pew Internet & American Life Project, kids today are online more than ever, with 41 percent of online teens saying they use e-mail and instant messaging (IMing) to contact fellow classmates about schoolwork. There is no better way to encourage a child's growth and development than by parents and teachers working together to meet a student's educational needs. Together, teachers and parents can improve school-home communications by tracking a student's progress via the Internet. With the onset of technology, parents can occupy a virtual seat in the classroom to participate in their child's day-to-day education, which is a significant step toward achieving the aforementioned goals. Wired Parents Assume that your students' parents have varied skill levels. Some may have access to computers at home, the office or both, while others will have to use the resources at the local library or community center. For parents without Internet access, you should have a list of available computer resources on hand so they know where they can get online, preferably at no cost. The following tips have proven useful in helping to educate and inform parents on how to use the Internet: * Ask your PTA to set up a "family night" on computers, technology and the Internet to help educate parents, and teach them how to use the Internet to become more involved with their child's studies. * Encourage parents to look into sites that offer services for parents. For example, the Learning Network (www.learningnetwork.com) offers a "What Works" section on technology, discussions about Internet safety and guidelines for parents using the Internet as an educational source. This will allow those who are new to the Internet to learn basic skills, while allowing those tech-savvy parents to explore the latest in online education. * Invite parents to participate in a technology-planning group at school. Get them involved in the planning and implementation of your technology plan. Allow parents to offer insight on how best to incorporate the Web into classrooms, and keep them posted on any upgrades or changes in the curriculum. Power to the Parents Once parents are brought up to speed, there are ways in which teachers can encourage parents to maximize their role in their child's education by using the Internet, including: Supporting the use of e-mail and IMing as a means of communication. …


We estimate the effects of early childhood malaria exposure on education and health at older ages by exploiting variations in malaria exposure risk around birth that resulted from a universal malaria eradication campaign in colonial Taiwan in the early 20th century. We find that malaria exposure around birth leads to lower life-time educational attainment and to worse mental and physical health outcomes in old age as reflected in particular in worse cognitive function, a higher likelihood of cardiovascular diseases and a higher mortality hazard, compared to those who were not exposed.


The current paper suggests that the national salvation coup de etat power-overtaking and the creation of the NCP (National Congress Party) dominated Sudan only a process similar to Pathogenic Stockholm Syndrome. That conforms with what Gramsci suggests as an inevitable methodology to have sustainable hegemony over a whole nation for a prolonged time. Religious dogma was a permeation throughout society of an entire system of values, attitudes, beliefs and morality that has the effect of supporting the status quo in power relations. The succeeding extraction of the nation's economic surplus was only a result of absolute power utility. The paper concludes that was a process for the confiscation of the people's ability to reason. The result is a de facto disintegration of the social fabric and cohesion of the nation. A vacuum of institutional interregnum was generated because of the failed state.


This chapter approaches language as a prism into the past. Focusing on late colonial Malay, as used by the urban Chinese, the chapter aims to better understand its speakers and their lived experiences. Many writers from this community relied on the press to navigate the world they inhabited. The chapter argues that a linguistic reading of vernacular texts — placing language in conversation with history and culture — is key to make sense of the society that slowly transformed into Indonesia, and the position therein of its Chinese minority. The chapter treats linguistic development and social change as co-constitutive: language describes and defines new lifeways but is also expanded and enriched by them. By investigating the linguistic character of these sources, the chapter attempts to add empirical depth and cultural texture to the historical conditions in which they were forged. Ultimately, the chapter discusses methods to examine Chinese-Indonesian experiences through the crucible of language, it then offers vistas into life in Indonesia's late colonial cities.


loam 1 ft. thick. This building had become ruinous in the fourth century and above it was a Saxon occupation layer, but no structure, of a date just after the middle of the fifth century. Traces of a N-S road associated with chalk-block walls were found north of Snargate Street, Dover, and may be another part of the road with three carriageways excavated in 1945-6 further north {JRS xxxvm, 99) ; it was made early in the second and continued in use to the beginning of the third century. (2) Parts of several rooms, apparently belonging to the important building found in 1881, were dug out east of the church of St. Martins-le-Grand, west of the Market Square. The earliest walls were laid on made-up ground containing early-second-century sherds and the occupation lasted with some rebuilding of the walls and new floor levels until the latter part of the same century. Then followed a period of decay or destruction, with evidence of burning and most of the walls in ruins. In the third century the site was reoccupied with roughly made walls and old walls restored, but was in decay by the end of the century. A thick layer of black debris overlies the site and although containing fourth-century sherds may well represent the levelling up with Roman material preparatory to the building of the Saxon church. In general, the evidence now suggests that Dover was first occupied in the early second century as a port and thus continued until the latter part of the same century, after which troubled times and decay seem to have set in. No walls of the Saxon-Shore period have yet been exposed and the fourth-century potsherds found occur only in later levels, the medieval builders having destroyed any structures.


In photoinduced electron-transfer systems accompanying chemical equilibrium changes, such as the formation/dissociation of a noncovalent-bonded complex, the calculation method of the charge separation and recombination reaction rates have been derived based on a simple model, in which the formation/dissociation of noncovalent bonding during the electron-transfer reaction is treated as a change of the chemical equilibrium. The effects of the formation/dissociation of noncovalent bonding on the driving forces and the reorganization energies were calculated using the chemical equilibrium constants for the reactant and product states. It has been demonstrated that the formation/dissociation of noncovalent bonding affects the electron-transfer reaction rates not only by stabilizing the charge-separated state, but also by increasing the reorganization energy.


The influence of the atomic internal state population on its translational motion in a quantized standing-wave cavity field with spatial periodic structure is investigated for the intensity-dependent coupling case.On the basis of resonance interaction between the atom and the cavity field and with the aid of the atomic-field dressed state,the Schrodinger equations satisfied by the atomic translational motion for the two different atomic dressed internal states are built and their general relation for a spatial periodic cavity field is obtained.And under an appropriate approximation,the state vector of the whole system is derived and allows us to study the interaction between the atomic internal state and its translational dynamics.It is found that the scalar product of the translational motion wave functions in Hilbert space determines the atomic internal state population,as well as,the distortion of the atomic translational motion wave-packet is sensitivity to its initial internal state population for a quantized standing-wave cavity field at coherent state.


In this paper a new speaker recognition algorithm based on the dynamic features of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCC) is presented. The algorithm can dynamically give a set of Mel--filters which are designed according to the results of pitch detection. The Mel--filters are then used to extract a set of MFCC which is for identification of a speaker. This paper also addressed the problem of classifier design based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). A clustering based method for selection of optimal order number and initial estimations of the parameters of GMM is presented. The experimental results show that the method presented in this paper can obtain a good performance in a real environment.


This article presents the results of a qualitative investigation – case-study, multicase variable – that intended to understand the constructed conceptions about the identity and professional practice of teachers, through the interpellation of teachers in training. With the answers to a questionnaire, sixteen students, attending the fourth year (in five: 3 years of Bachelor's degree + 2 of Master's degree) of two courses for teachers' qualification, wrote a personal narrative, free and structured, exposing their representations, interpretations and opinions about three different themes: inicial education experienced in Higher Education, the pedagogical supervision process yet to be experimented, and the defining specificities of teachers' professional identity. In spite of being a slender sample, it is also the example that a case-study, in this instance centered in a particular educational institution, can offer an outlook of various perceptions. Thus, it becomes possible to think about the challanges that, in the 21th century and associated to the teaching epistemology, Higher Education institutions are faced with regarding the formation of teachers.


Monitoring of electrocorticography signals using multi-electrode array creates new opportunities for neural prosthetic applications. In this paper, we present a 32-channel recording ASIC that provides low-noise amplification and analog filtering. It also includes a 12-bit analog-to-digital conversion function, and offers programmable output rates through a serial peripheralinterface (SPI). The targeted application is a remote-powered wireless implantable ECoG recording system. Each recording channel has a measured 0.7 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\rm V_{\rm rms}}$</tex></formula> input-referred noise on a [0.5–300 Hz] bandwidth. The device was fabricated in a 0.35 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor process for a total die area of 86 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {mm}} ^{2}$</tex></formula> with an analog power consumption limited to 134 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\mu {\rm W}$</tex></formula> per channel.


The invention provides a wide-temperature sulfur-tolerance shift catalyst and a preparation method therefor. The shift catalyst comprises a carrier and an active component, wherein the carrier is a roasted product of hydrotalcite, and the active component is cobalt and molybdenum. According to the wide-temperature sulfur-tolerance shift catalyst and the preparation method therefor, disclosed by the invention, the roasted product of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite is used as the carrier for preparing the shift catalyst for the first time, so that the prepared shift catalyst has high hydrability resistance, high heat stability, and large specific surface area; compared with the shift catalyst in the prior art, the shift catalyst disclosed by the invention has better catalytic activity; even under the circumstance of low load amount of the active component, the shift catalyst disclosed by the invention is still high in catalytic activity for a water-gas shift reaction, and the conversion rate of CO can reach 87.62%.


Suppression of the transient energy growth in subcritical plane Poiseuille flow via feedback control is addressed. It is assumed that the time derivative of any of the velocity components can be imposed at the walls as control input and that full-state information is available. We show that it is impossible to design a linear state-feedback controller that leads to a closed-loop flow system without transient energy growth. In a subsequent step, state-feedback controllers—directly targeting the transient growth mechanism—are designed using a procedure based on a linear matrix inequalities approach. The performance of such controllers is analyzed first in the linear case, where comparison to previously proposed linear-quadratic optimal controllers is made; further, transition thresholds are evaluated via direct numerical simulations of the controlled three-dimensional Poiseuille flow against different initial conditions of physical interest, employing different velocity components as wall actuation. The pre...


Preface. Chapter 1. Organization Policies. Chapter 2. Nondiscrimination. Chapter 3. Recruitment, Hiring, and Termination. Chapter 4. Compensation Policies. Chapter 5. Supervision. Chapter 6. Employment Conditions. Chapter 7. Administration. Chapter 8. Volunteer Policies. Chapter 9. Client and Client Services Policies. Appendix A. The Human Resource Cycle of Activities. Appendix B. Action Steps for Attracting and Retaining Quality Personnel. Appendix C. Rate Yourself as a Volunteer Motivator. Appendix D. Providing a Motivating Environment. Appendix E. Administrative Simplification Under HIPAA: National Standards for Transactions, Security, and Privacy. Index.


If, as the ancient Greek myth holds, the serpent god Ophion once reigned supreme over Mount Olympus, Burmese pythons in southern Florida are now living up to the spirit of the lore. Constrictor snakes from southern Asia that can grow to lengths of 5.5 meters, the pythons have invaded thousands of square kilometers in southern Florida, their rise in some parts coinciding with a drop in the numbers of several …


In order to elucidate the relationship between the stimulation of the sensory nerves of the rhino- pharyngeal region and irritation syndrome. the electrical influence of the irritation of the trigem- inus and glosso-pharyngeus upon the vago-vagal reflex was studied in rabbits. The vago-vagal reflex was recorded as the elctrical response obtai- ned from a cervical vagus nerve when the vagus nerve in the opposite side was electrically stimula- ted. 1) Repetitive stimulation of the trigeminus nerve augmented the vago-vagal reflex response. 2) Single electrical stimulation of the trige- minus nerve elicited response in the ipsi-lateral vagus nerve as well as contra-lateral vagus nerve. 3) These electrical responses are markedly exaggerated by administration of strychnine, and depressed by administration of promethazine hy- 4) Administration of mephenesin immediately abolished these reflex responses. 5) Stimulation of the glosso-pharyngeal nerve failed to elicit response in the vagns nerve, even after pretreatreatment with strychnine. These findings were interpreted as indicating the existence of a pathway through the sensory fibers of the trigeminus nerve to the vagus nerves, through which irritative stimuli from the rhino- pharyngeal area can be transmitted to exert dele- terious effects in the vital organs.


An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for direct detection of enteric adenovirus 41 (Ad41) in stool specimens was developed and compared with an Ad40‐specific ELISA described previously [Johansson et al, 1980]. Rabbit antiserum to Ad41 was obtained by immunization with purified virions. To eliminate genus‐specific reactivity the serum was passed through an immunosorbent column containing soluble adenovirus components of members of subgenera A to E. The anti‐Ad41 serum still displayed high reactivity against Ad40 and had to be immunoabsorbed with soluble virus components of Ad40 to be rendered type‐specific. The absorbed antiserum was used in an indirect ELISA and proved to be specific for Ad41. No heterotypic reactivity against Ad40 or Ad1 through Ad35 was found. The Ad41‐specific ELISA proved to be of equal sensitivity to electron microscopy. The type‐specific ELISAs for Ad40 and Ad41 were evaluated by testing 76 stool specimens containing enteric adenoviruses originating from England and Scandinavia. All specimens could be typed‐41 (54%) as Ad40 and 35 (46%) as Ad41. These results were confirmed by DNA restriction site analysis.


In this dissertation we deal with four related mathematical entities: transition matrices and their generalization (semigroups of positive matrices), p-functions (which can arise from the diagonal elements of a transition matrix) and their generalization (semi-p-functions). In Chapter 1 we define these entities. In Chapter 2 we discuss continuity under the assumption of measurability alone. The remaining three chapters deal with standard entities only (i.e., those which enjoy a continuity condition at t=0) since most authors assume standardness anyway. Chapter 3 deals with continuity, Chapter 4 with differentiability at t=0, and Chapter 5 with differentiability at t>0. Counter examples are given for outstanding cases.


Insight into the clonal dynamics of leukemia is vital for our understanding of its pathogenesis and progression. In this issue of Blood , Belderbos et al 1 use cellular barcoding to map the clonal fate of xenografted primary human leukemic cells in both time and space.


Metal cladding was experimentally demonstrated to be a feasible method to further scale down the size of a microring laser. Shrinking the physical dimensions of semiconductor microring resonators has been difficult due to a large waveguide bending loss. We experimentally show that light can be better confined into a much tighter space by using the plasmonic metal structure, thereby enabling miniaturization of a microring laser.


During the past six years the Los Angeles Wildlife Disease Research Station, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, has conducted a careful search for ectoparasites from more than 3,000 domestic rabbits, Oryctolagus cuniculus, that have been brought in for observation. All of these came from rabbitries in California, more than half of them from southern California. Because of hutch construction and approved practices of rabbit husbandry, very few ectoparasites are ever found infesting rabbits raised in commercial rabbitries of southern California. On December 4, 1942, a three-year-old, New Zealand White. male rabbit was presented to the Station by a nearby rabbit breeder for diagnosis and treatment. Approximately three iiioiiths before this animal had been placed in a recently acquired, secondhand rabbit hutch. This hutch was not sterilized or disinfected before being used. The seller of the hutch claimed it had been idle for two months. The first indication of any disease was a fine, powdery, meal-like scruff or dandruff which the owner noted in the fur. This spot was located on the dorsal midline approximately five centimeters behind the shoulder blades. The infested spot was roughly circular in shape and approximately five centimeters in diameter. Much of the under fur in this spot had loosened and fallen out. The guard hairs were less in number than in adjoining areas. A very fine, gray-white, slightly oily scale covered this area. This scale could easily convey to the clinician the impression of the early stages of favus. The skin beneath the scale deposits was red, tender to the touch and slightly eroded. No crusts were formed, neither were there any scratch wounds to indicate the rabbit had attempted to alleviate a local irritation. No other affected areas were found although the body and extremities were carefully examined. Other than the infested area the rabbit appeared normal in every respect. Clinical examinations of the scale, skin scrapings and fur from the affected area failed to demonstrate the presence of any fungi. These same materials did, however, reveal the presence of a mite. It was quite evident that this mite was carrying on its complete life cycle on the body of its host because adults, nymphs, larvae and eggs were found. From this evidence and the following analysis of these mites they undoubtedly represent a group, heretofore unknown to science, of true mammalian ectoparasites. It is concluded here a new genus, of the family CHEYLETIDAE, is necessary to hold this interesting parasite. Family Cheyletidae


DR. DoNAI,D LAWSON read a paper entitled "Premature Labour" (see page 262). DR. ,V. REl'SHAUGE emphasized the need for warmth and oxygen as well as fOI' minimal handling of l?remature babies and discussed the difficulty of transportrng them from ~here they were born to the institution in which they were to receive the skilled attention that produced the best results. He went on to describe a "premature ambulance" which had been constructed recently at the Women's Hospital to cope with the problem of transport.' pl'. Refshauge explained that it was constructed for portabili ty wrth provision of the requisite warmth and a continuous supply of oxygen for the journey. The cot could be lifted readily into a motor-car or ambulance and was available through the Civil Ambulance Service for the transport of premature or sick frail babies from the place of birth to the institution selected because of the availability of special facilities. He said that there was exceIlent cooperation between the Civil Ambulance Service and the staff at the Women's Hospital to expedite the supplying of the "premature ambulance" at very short notice. DR. Roy F. WATSON thanked the speakers for their several contributions, which presented the problems of prematurity from various angles. He ~as .gratified t';' note the close cooperation between the parties mterested m the subject, and as deputy chairman of the Hospitals and Charities Commission, he thanked all who had rendered such valuable assistance to the commission in devising a plan to organize the proper care ~f premature babie;s .o~ an efficient basis. He referred particularly to the cltnictans. hospital representatives and delegates from the Maternal Hygiene and Infant 'Welfare Section of the Health Department the baby health centres and the infant welfare training schools, who had spent much time at meetings as a special committee invited to advise the commission in the formulation and implementation of the project. He added that the commission had recently distributed a descriptive leaflet to members of the profession throughout the State, informing them of the organization in detail with the provision of a list of hospitals and institutions known to have satisfactory facilities for premature babies. Dr. Campbell and Dr. Refshauge, acting as a subcommittee, had worked out the practical details and had rendered enormous assistance and highly appreciated service to the committee and to the commission. It was confidently anticipated that, as a direct result, many more of the feeble and premature babies would survive, and in due course would become good citizens. DR. JOHN COLEBATCH said that the subject matter of the three papers was of immense practical value in the prevention of prematurity and of its complications; so much was that the case that it should be made known to all general practitioners, of whom he could see very few present at the meeting. With reference to the valuable service to be provided by means of the "premature ambulances", he suggested that it might not be wise to concentrate the facilities for the management of premature babies in a relatively few large central hospitals. Some of the small hospitals in the outer suburban area might be assisted to provide the necessary special accommodation and staff for the treatment of premature babies: that provision might prod uce results favourably comparable with the excelIent results that were being obtained in the mothercraft homes and training centres. In conclusion, Dl'. Colebatch asked Dr. Lawson what was the proportion of premature births, hitherto unexplained, that might be attributed to the endocrinopathies.


The proliferation of armed security contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan has led to widespread criticism of their insufficient control through international laws and conventions. This article suggests that one reason for this omission has been the (re)construction of actors who provide armed force for profit in international legal discourses. During most of the 20th century, armed persons who participated in foreign conflicts for monetary gain were identified as 'mercenaries'. They were outlawed through international legal documents such as the United Nations (UN) Convention on Mercenarism and given restricted rights in the First Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions. Today, the same types of actors are increasingly defined as 'private security contractors', and new discourses and international agreements are emerging that attribute to them legality and legitimacy. The aim of this article is to examine the changing legal constructions of armed security providers since the 1970s and the consequences with respect to their control. The article argues that the (re)construction of actors who supply armed force for money in international legal discourses has been made possible by three main discursive strategies: the distinction between persons and corporations providing armed force for profit, the changing focus from the motivations of these actors to their relationship to a 'responsible command', and the shift from a concern about the actors to one about certain activities.


Trace‐element geochemistry has been used to discern the provenance of sediments derived from geologically distinct sources found in a range of depositional settings. This study investigates whether this approach can also identify provenance signatures in sediments derived from clastic sedimentary rocks of similar origins, within a complex coastal transport environment. The potential local sediment sources of a coastal barrier dune in South Africa were analysed to assess their relationships with the barrier and whether these have varied with time. Results indicate that the oldest part of the barrier, partly formed during MIS 6 when sea levels were lower than at present, has a closer affinity to fluvial sediment provided by local rivers than either younger samples from the barrier′s seaward flank or the Holocene dunes atop its crest, both formed during sea‐level highstands. Constraints on the timing of barrier formation provided by OSL dating proved helpful in discriminating between provenance and weathering signals.


The mission of this chapter is twofold. First, we give a short description on the Social Network platform which has been used as the input data space for this research project and also explain its value as an information source. Then, we refer to the methods and tools that have been implemented or incorporated in our data collection and processing routines. Of course, this project is not about collecting data; however, our research would have been impossible without it. A blog, a term derived from synthesising the words web and log, is a – or occasionally a part of a – website supposed to be updated with new content from time to time. 1 A blog's content is based on posts identified primarily by their unique Uniform Resource Locators (URLs). Those posts can vary from random or opinionated articles to the embedding of songs, videos or other multimedia types. Microblogging is a compact form of blogging, which can be seen as a 'technological evo-lution' of blogs, and surely is one the best complementary tools for the blogosphere. It became very popular when web services like Tumblr 2 and Twitter 3 kicked off. The basic characteristic (or limitation) of microblogs is that authors are restricted to a specific number of characters per post. For the experimental derivations of the work presented in this Thesis, we collect and use Twitter content. The registered users of Twitter are allowed to post messages, commonly known as tweets (see Figure 3.1), which can reach a maximum of 140 characters. By default an account is public not private, i.e. everybody can see the tweets published by this account without any authorisation by its owner. Users have also the option to follow other users and therefore see their tweets on their time-line, the main part of Twitter's web interface. For public accounts, becoming a follower does not need any type of approval from the followee; private accounts are able to authorise their followers. In that sense, each user – with a public or a private account – has a set of people who he follows (followees) and a set of people who follow him (followers). The only distinction is that connections in public accounts can be seen as one-sided relationships, whereas connected private accounts form a 2-sided – but hidden – relationship. Users can mention or reply to each other in their tweets – by using the …


ii Abstract The genus Methylobacterium are pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), and are abundant colonizers of the phyllosphere, due to the availability of methanol, a waste product of pectin metabolism during plant cell division. Besides methanol cycling, Methylobacterium has important effects on plant health. The phyllosphere is an extreme environment with a landscape that is heterogeneous, continuously changing as the plant grows, and is exposed to very high ultra violet irradiation. Geographically, New Zealand has been isolated for over a million years, has a biologically diverse group of species, and is considered a biodiversity hotspot, with most of the native plants being endemic. We hypothesize that NZ native plants harbor diverse groups of Methylobacterium species, and to test this we aimed to isolate Methylobacterium species from the phyllosphere of native New Zealand plants. A leaf imprinting technique using methanol supplemented AMS agar media was used to isolate bacteria and diversity was determined using a combination of ARDRA, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Methylobacterium spp. were successfully isolated from 19 of the 21 plant species used in this study. Eleven Methylobacterium species have been identified in association with the phyllosphere of native NZ plants: M. adhaesivum, M. brachiatum, M. komagatae, M. marchantiae, M. mesophilicum, M. phyllosphaerae, M. fujisawaense, M. oryzae, M. radiotolerans, M. tardum and M. zatmanii, with the first six being the most frequently isolated from more plant species. In this study other α, β, γ-proteobacterial species were also isolated: Hyphomicrobium, Methylopila, Rhizobium, Achromobacter, Methylophilus, Ramlibacter and Xanthomonas; Janibacter melonis (Actinomycetes); Niastella populi (Bacteroidetes) and Paenibacillus lautus (Firmicutes), highlighting the presence of potential novel methanol utilizer within the ecosystem. Results from this study indicate that Methylobacterium are abundant and dominant members of the NZ phyllosphere environment, with species diversity and composition dependent on the host plant species.


In this Review, as a response to comments from readers, we have replaced the consumer price index by the retail price index as a measure of annual price inflation in our Summary table of our forecast for the home economy. This note therefore sets out the differences between the two series in order to make the nature of the change clear.


In this paper, we study the interior C^{1,1} regularity of viscosity solutions for a degenerate Monge-Amp\`{e}re type equation \det[D^{2}u-A(x, u, Du)]=B(x, u, Du) when B \geq 0 and B^{\frac{1}{n-1}}\in C^{1,1}(\bar{\Omega}\times\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^n). We prove that u\in C^{1,1}(\Omega) under the A3 condition and A3w^+ condition respectively. In the former case, we construct a suitable auxiliary function to obtain uniform {\it a priori} estimates directly. In the latter case, the main argument is to establish the Pogorelov type estimates, which are interesting independently.


The basic parameters and development principle of the application software for the control-technology suitable for dam body construction of RCC double-curvature arch dam on Zhaolai River expatiated herein,in which both the main content of the program design and the utilization effect of the software are described as well.


Let Q a Gelfand quantale. If R(Q) denotes the subquantale of Q of the right-sided elements, R(Q) turns out to be an idempotent, right-sided quantale. The non-commutative binary operation & in this case is induced by a quantifier. Quantifiers for the lattice of the closed subspaces of a separable, infinite dimensional Hilbert space are trivial. AMS Subject Classification: 03G12, 06C15, 81P10


【Objective】To explore the influencing factors of farmers' quality and safety control behavior and find the efficient ways to promote farmers quality and safety control behavior.【Method】Binary Logit was conducted to analyze the influencing factors on farmers' behavior by employing survey from 484cooperative members in Liaoning province.【Results】The farming number of the family,the importance of pesticides in rational use,expected price,understanding of Farmer-Supermarket Direct Purchase,farmers attendance in food safety training,supervision,and selling channels all have positive influences on farmers' quality and safety control behavior.【Conclusion】The following ways can be implemented to promote farmers' quality and safety control behavior:enhancing publicity,increasing farmers' food quality and safety awareness etc.


In this interview, Grady Means describes the context within which today's businesses must operate and the steps key business leaders are taking to ensure their success in this environment. Topics discussed include: business‐to‐business e‐commerce, a global strategic perspective, collapsed planning cycles, heuristic planning based on options, creating outsourcing auction networks, and knowledge management among communities of interest. By recognizing the cycles of change and taking bold action, Grady Means believes that companies will see growth rates and wealth creation that are unprecedented.


In this work, we report on the demonstration of an LED based on Tm, Er, and Eu codoped Ga2O3 thin film. Current-controlled electroluminescence (EL) has been observed from the Ga2O3:(Tm+Er+Eu)-based LED with a relatively low driven voltage of ∼9 V. The EL spectra reveal that the observed light emission results from the combination of simultaneous blue, green, and red emissions from Tm3+, Er3+, and Eu3+ ions, respectively. This strategy for LED shows great potential to achieve full color (white light) by intentionally changing the concentrations of Tm3+, Er3+, and Eu3+ ions in Ga2O3 without using any other phosphors.


,until after the next quinquennial valuation. Rather than accept them as second class lives, from which they received only Ils. 4d. extra per annum, which was such a small amount, it would be better to receive them as first class lives. Dr. Smith said the Society might, perhaps, not come out so well at the next quinquennial valuation, and for that reason he thought it advisable not to interfere with the success of the Society. He had a prospectus of another society-the Sickness Accident Assurance Society-and he could not find that there was any sickness society which had ever adopted the principle of accepting second class lives. Dr. W. DONOVAN said he had great pleasure in seconding the resolution proposed by Dr. Smith. Considering the very ;satisfactory way in which the Society had gone on up to the present, it would almost be a pity to accept second class lives. It was understood, of course, that every man who was accepted would be in good health. After some further discussion the motion was put to the maeeting and carried by 10 votes to 5. Certain alterations in the rules were proposed and adopted. Dr. D.DEVERB HUNT proposed and Dr. C. ALDRIDGE seconded a vote of thanks to the officers and committees of the Society, which was carried unanimously. Dr. Hunt said that it was difficult to express and impossible to repay the obligations which the profession at large and the members of this Society in particular owed to Mr. Ernest Hart. Dr. De Havilland Hall gave to the work of the Society an immense amount of highly ,skilled labour. Their warm thanks were due also to the other ,honorary officers and to the executive council. Thefollowingresolution, proposedbyDr. L. M. GRIFFrTHs,was ;also carried: "That the best thanks of this general meeting be tendered to S. W. Sibley, Esq., for his valuable services as Treasurer of the Society since its inception, coupled with the Qheartiest wishes for his welfare on his retirement from office." On the motion of Dr. J. S. JOHNSTON, seconded by Dr. J. J. 'SERES, it was resolved: That the following officers and memTbers of committees be and are hereby elected for the ensuing twelve months: Chairman: Mr. Ernest Hart, London. ViceChairmen: Dr. Clifford Thomas Allbutt, London; Dr. J. B. Brierley, Manchester; Dr. W. Bruce, Dingwall; Mr. W. G. Burnie, Bradford; Dr. T. M. Dolan, Halifax; Dr. M. Greenwood, London; Dr. De Havilland Hall, London; Mr. D. De WVere Hunt, Cardiff; Mr. T. V. Jackson, Wolverhampton; Mr. .J. Brindley James, London; Dr. W. M. Ord, London; Mr. R. J. Pye-Smith, Sheffield; Mr. J. Bain Sincock, Bridgwater; Mr. Noble Smith, London; Mr. Lawson Tait, Birmingham; Mr. F. Wallace, London. Treasurers: Dr. G. E. Herman, London; Mr. H. H. Clutton, London. Members of the Executive Committee: Mr. E. Bartlett, London; Mr. F. S. Edwards, London; Dr. A. S. Gubb, London; Dr. J. W. Hunt, 'London; Dr. J. Pickett, London; Dr. W. K. Sibley, London. Trustees: Mr. Ernest Hart, London; Dr. W. M. Ord, F.R.C.P., London; Mr. J. R. Upton, London; Sir T. Spencer Wells, Bart., London. General Committee: Dr. F. J. Allan, London; Mr. R. S. Charsley, Slough; Dr. G. W. Crowe, Worcester; Dr. C. Firth, F.R.C.S., Gravesend; Dr. W. Frazer, Bournemouth; Mr. L. M. Griffiths, Clifton; Dr. F. R. Mutch, Nottingham; Dr. W. Newman, Stamford; Dr. W. Smith, London; Mr. W. J. Stephens, Brighton; Mr. H. P. Symonds, Oxford Mr. W. Thomas, Birmingham. Arbitrators: Sir Edward -Clarke, Q.C., M.P.; Dr. R. Farquharson, M.P.; Mr. J. Vesey Fitzgerald; Professor W. T. Gairdner, M.D.; Mr. J. W. Stephenson. A hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman brought the proceedings to a close.


A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a device that uses brain signals to provide a non-muscular communication channel [1], particularly for individuals with severe neuromuscular disabilities. One of the most promising signals for controlling a BCI are event-related potentials (ERPs) such as the P300. The P300 event related potential is an evoked response to an external stimulus that has been traditionally observed in scalp-recorded electroencephalography (EEG). The scalp-recorded P300 response has proven to be a reliable signal for controlling a BCI using the P300 Speller paradigm [2]. Recent studies have demonstrated that the P300 Speller has the potential to serve as an effective communication device for persons who have lost or are losing the ability to write and speak.© 2011 ASME


T1902, reflected an official British commitment to women in the Empire. Less than two decades earlier, colonial Africa had emerged out of political upheavals in Europe. To many contemporary commentators the survival of this greatly enlarged British Empire depended upon the settlement of British subjects overseas. Women were crucial to this process, especially in the mid-latitude territories of Australia, Canada and South Africa where, according to medical science, the physiologically weaker sex could adapt well to the equable climate. But the rhetoric of women's mobilization gained legitimacy not only from natural science and medicine; it had a deeply moral appeal. Imperial expansion and consolidation built upon a series of


IntroductionThis article discusses the destructive contributions of religious identities, discourses, doctrines, teachings, symbols, actors, organizations, and networks, especially within Christianity, in the intensification of communal violence in the Moluccas, particularly in the city of Ambon and the province of Maluku more generally. I have analyzed elsewhere (Sumanto 2015) the damaging roles of Islam and Moluccan Muslim jihadists in the exacerbation of collective violence, so I will not repeat it here. What is striking in the literature on the Maluku conflict is that some scholars tend to emphasize, if not overemphasize, the central role of the Laskar Jihad, a Java-based Islamist paramilitary group, in intensifying the violence, while neglecting the contribution of Ambonese or Moluccan jihadist groups, and to a greater degree Ambonese/Moluccan Christian ones. Some scholars (e.g. Sidel 2006) even tend to portray Christians as victims and Muslims as perpetrators of the havoc. This article will thus complement the existing otherwise fine literature on the Maluku conflict.It is imperative, however, to note that even though this article focuses on the roles of Christians and Christianity in the fighting, this does not mean that all Christian communities in Maluku were engaged in the battlefield and in the opposition against Muslim groups. As I wrote elsewhere (Sumanto 2013; 2014), there were a number of ChristianMuslim peace groups such as the Peace Provocateurs, the Concerned Women Movement, the Young Ambassadors for Peace, the Baku Bae Movement, the Team 20 Wayame, the Titian Peace Institute, the Maluku Interfaith Center, to name but a few. While some groups were no longer active after the end of the collective conflict, others are still working on peace-related activities, establishing intergroup trust, rebuilding communal ties, healing traumatized war victims, and so forth. There are also numerous individuals- religious leaders, academics, activists, journalists, village chiefs, conflict resolution practitioners, and the like-who have been working tirelessly for peaceful coexistence and interreligious conciliation since the beginning of the violence in 1999.As for the role of the church, particularly the Moluccan Protestant Church, the region's largest Christian congregation, this also varies from place to place and from era to era, depending on who ran the Protestant Synod and Catholic Diocese, and on local pastors, church officials, and local Christian communities. Whereas in some areas of the "hot spots" (such as Rumahtiga, Poka, Paso, and some places in Ambon city such as Kudamati and Mardika), the Church directly led the violence, it was in the opposing camp in other places. While some Christian elites forced the Synod to back and provide financial and institutional resources for warfare and Christian militias groups, others (such as the former chairman of GPM Synod, Rev. I. J. W. Hendriks and his successor Rev. Dr. John Ruhulessin) defended the Church and Christianity as a source of peace and reconciliation. Similarly while some pastors and church elites established a group of Christian warriors (see below), others created a group of peacemakers.In addition, although this article focuses on the role of religion, nevertheless I do not argue that religion in itself is the sole source of violence. Certainly religion does not cause communal violence. Just as "guns do not kill people," religion does not slaughter human beings. However, religion provides teachings, doctrines, rituals, symbols, metaphors, and discourses that can be easily used, misused, or manipulated by those (such as actors of violence, agents or "managers" of conflict, and interest groups) with material or immaterial interests. This is precisely what happened in Maluku where radical Christians (and militant Muslims)-both elites and lay people-utilized, translated, and transformed religious symbols, doctrines, and discourses into Moluccan social settings, not only to awaken a spirit of fighting or justify their violent acts, but also to protect and safeguard their lives. …


The features of a psychoanalytic case study of a young married Catholic woman in whom the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King precipitated anal-phallic defenses an obsession with flatus and an unresolved problem about the use of oral contraceptives are described.


Objective To discuss problems may occur in the establishment of demonstration wards with quality nursing from the perspective of patients and to provide corresponding measures.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was applied among patients hospitalized from June to July in 2010 with convenience sampling.Results 87.5% of the interviewees regarded family accompanying would exert influence on their families' life and 69.6% of them thought it would be healthier with the accompanying of nursing staff though 53.6% held the view that there existed difficulties during the ward establishment.Conclusion Most patients think it is necessary to establish quality nursing ward but related rules,quality nursing standard and reasonable charging standard are indispensable to it.


Essay 7 from Comparative and International Librarianship: essays on themes and problems; edited by Miles M. Jackson. Mentions automation of circulation at University of Hawaii, good overview of early status and issues of automated systems for academic libraries


e16118 Background: Lenvatinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been available for treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) in Japan since March 2018. We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib in clinical practice. Methods: This study conducted as a prospective study, and enrolled patients with uHCC initially receiving lenvatinib as systemic therapy who gave informed consent from July 2018 through January 2019. The observation period per patient was 12 months and e-CRF was used. Results: 713 patients were registered at 133 clinical sites. The safety analysis set and efficacy analysis set were 703 patients. Patient baseline characteristics included median age:73.0 years (25 to 94), male/ female: 564/139, bodyweight: < 60kg/≥60kg: 323/380, HBV/HCV/alcohol/NAFLD or NASH: 137/287/167/88, Child-Pugh classification A/B or higher: 624/75, BCLC stage A/B/C/D: 57/291/332/11, Vp 0/1/2/3/4: 520/31/52/60/22, with/without extrahepatic metastasis: 236/461. Previous treatment (local and systemic therapy) for hepatocellular carcinoma is with/without TACE: 513/190, median number of TACE treatment: 3.0 times (1 to 26), with/without HAIC: 74/629, with/without TKI pretreatment: 131/572. The initial dose was 8 mg (80.5%) and 12 mg (68.2%) in patients with < 60 kg and ≥60 kg, respectively. Median relative dose intensity was 64.2% and the treatment continuation rate at 3 and 12 months after administration of lenvatinib were 67.3% and 24.8%. Regarding safety, the incidence of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was 84.9% (grade 3 or higher: 42.5%). Common TRAEs (incidence rate ≥10%) were decreased appetite (23.9%), malaise (21.8%), hypertension (21.3%), proteinuria (18.3%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (16.5%), hypothyroidism (15.8%), and diarrhea (13.9%). TRAEs of grade 3 or higher (incidence rate ≥2.5%) were proteinuria (6.7%), hypertension (6.4%), malaise (3.8%), decreased appetite (3.6%), platelet count decreased (3.3%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (2.7%), diarrhea (2.7%) and hepatic encephalopathy (2.6%). The incidence of TRAEs leading to discontinuation of lenvatinib was 32.9%, and main TRAEs leading to discontinuation of lenvatinib were (incidence rate ≥2%) decreased appetite (6.3%), malaise (4.7%), proteinuria (3.3%) and hepatic encephalopathy (2.4%). Regarding efficacy, the ORR and DCR was 39.5% (95% CI: 35.1, 43.9) and 78.9% (75.1, 82.5) in 494 patients who were evaluated for the best response by mRECIST. The median OS was 498.0 days (95% CI: 439.0, -) in 703 patients. Conclusions: The incidence of TRAEs leading to discontinuation of lenvatinib tended to be higher than in phase 3 REFLECT trials (19.7%), but the safety profile and effectiveness findings for lenvatinib in this study were consistent with previous reports.


A fastening copper alloy, of which the structure is composed of a mixed phase of an alpha phase and a beta phase, and which has a chemical composition represented by general formula: Cubal.ZnaMnb (wherein each of bal., a and b is expressed in mass%; bal. represents a remainder, a and b fulfill the formulae 34 = (-8a+300)/7 (wherein 34 <= a < 37.5); and (2) b <= (-5.5a+225.25)/5 (wherein 35.5 <= a <= 40.5).


Following an analysis of the disadvantages of traditional GIS method in prediction of earthquake hazard,a new method of COMGIS combined with other methods,as database technology and spatial analysis,is put forward to create a platform for managing information and making decision in order to improve the efficiency.The functions,the frame-work and data flow are fully discussed in this paper with an introduction of ideas and ways of visually inquiring the reconnaissance and survey data of engineering sites,the generation of earthquake influence field,modeling of earthquake hazard spatial analysis.The research shows that the risk evaluation system of earthquake hazard of engineering sites based on COMGIS and visual programming language can realize the effective utilization of information on sites,as drawing the geological section graph and 3D geological graph,and realize the intelligence of earthquake hazard analysis by the software of hazard analysis model,and the four factors considered to be important for evaluation of earthquake hazard of engineering sites are determined: sand liquefaction,earthquake-induced settlement,landslide,classification of engineering site.Under the support of Mapx+VB,the digital maps of four factors above mentioned are overlayed to accomplish zonation map of earthquake hazard of the engineering site.


Objectives. The authors have surveyed with the questionnaires by post-mail, about the dentist`s desire for the roles of the dental assistant nurse, in order to use the conference to establish the system and to expand the duties for them. Methods. 2,500 sheets of questions were distributed to dentists selected in randomized by the post-mail and 555 sheets proper replied were collected and analysed. Results. Most of the private dentists hoped dental assistant nurse perform such items of dental service as basic dental care preparations, consulting and guides for patients, fluoride topical application, Oral prophylaxis, tooth brushing instruction for individuals, intra-oral x-ray taking and routine chair-side dental assisting. Lots of the private dentists desired dental assistant nurse to receive the expert educations or re-educations for basic dental service, preventive dental cares and chair-side dental assisting, in order to perform their roles properly. Lots of the private dentists had opinion for dental assistant nurse not to be such items of service which seems difficult or be possible for recurrence of the dental disease or infection, otherwise general services for dental assisting except the items written in above were recommended to be managed by dental assistant nurse. Conclusions. The expert and professional dental hygienists education should be needed in order to perform the dental service properly and professional, and let dental hygienists to change their roles form dental assisting to the dental education or the preventive dentistry works.


The widespread use of antifungal often causes an increase in the fungal resistance to drugs and causes many side effects in humans. This study aimed to assess the in vitro sensitivity of three antifungal drugs, namely Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Terbinafine against 15 fungal species isolated from indoor swimming pools in Duhok city. Antifungal drugs were dissolved with DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and used for evaluation of antifungal sensitivity by agar well diffusion method. Filamentous fungi were resistant to Fluconazole, while Candida species were inhibited at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value 25 and 100 μg/ml. The MIC value for Itraconazole against filamentous fungi was 6.25 μg/ml, while for Yeasts 1.65 μg/ml. Regarding the effect of Terbinafine, the tested filamentous fungi had a MIC value of 6.25 μg/ml, while all tested Yeasts were resistant except Candida glabrata, which had a MIC value 100 μg/ml. In conclusion, antifungal sensitivity testing reveals that fungal isolates were most sensitive to Itraconazole and Terbinafine and least susceptible to Fluconazole. Swimming pools are a suitable environment for fungal growth; hence surveillances are essential to control and reduce the fungal growth.


The objective of this study was to quantity Marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) growth responses to inoculation with associate diazotrophic bacteria found in Cerrado's dystrophic oxisol. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate Marandu palisadegrass responses to five treatments [three strains of nitrogen-fixing associative bacteria Y2 (Nitrospirillum amazonense), MTH2 (similar to Herbaspirillum spp.), MTB1 (similar to Burkholderia spp.), commercial inoculant (combination of AbV5 and Ab-V6 strains (Azospirillum brasilense), and control (100 mg dm-3 N-ureia)]. Treatment were replicated five times in a completerandomized design. A 3 mL aliquota contain 109 mL-1 bacterial cells was applied close to root system on soil mix for each pot, except on control treatments. Three harvests were conducted at 30, 60 and 90-days afters sowing date. Response variables measured were canopy height, number of leaves per plant, and shoot and root system weight. Canopy height was greater (P<0,001) increased of 35 cm, from the first to the second grass cut. Number of leaves (P<0,001), shoot dry mass (P<0,001) and root were provided by treatment MTB1 the equivalent to 64.8, 85.42 and 47.3%, of the average values observed in the plants that received control treatment, with mineral nitrogen. There was a good development of marandu grass inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria, supplying part of the N necessary in the initial stages of its development, standing out among the studied inoculants the MTH2 and MTB1 treatments.


A reconfigurable upright surface cleaning apparatus with a powered brush motor comprises a floor cleaning head having a dirty air inlet, a cleaning brush and a brush motor. An air flow passage extending from the dirty air inlet to a clean air outlet. An upper section is moveably mounted to the surface cleaning head between an storage position and an in use position. The upper section comprises a cleaning unit including a suction motor positioned in the air flow passage. At least one of the upper section and the cleaning unit is removably mounted to the floor cleaning head in a preset orientation. When the surface cleaning apparatus is assembled, the cleaning unit is spaced from the floor cleaning head. An alignment member is provided on the surface cleaning apparatus. The alignment member requires the one of the upper section and the cleaning unit to be in the preset orientation when mounted on the floor cleaning head. An electrical conductive member is electrically connected to the brush motor and releaseably electrically connected to the cleaning unit. The electrically conductive member is automatically connected to the cleaning unit when the one of the upper section and the cleaning unit is mounted to the floor cleaning head.


The selections were to be comprehensible on first hearing and have some emotional impact. The readers were expected to rehearse privately so as to give a smooth performance. Most important of all, the "concert" was to have a theme or unifying principle. If any "concerts" took place I am not aware of them but the idea always stayed with me. Last year I had the opportunity to explore the possibilities of a modification of this approach with an enthusiastic group of grade six children from Allancroft School in Beaconsfield, Quebec. We began by talking about the ways in which ideas were recorded. The obvious


Detailed theoretical investigations of stellar pulsation need a mass and a composition before models can be constructed for study. Unfortunately, for the last ten years the masses of the Cepheids, which can be determined with reasonable accuracy by six different methods, have been in dispute. One possible way to resolve these various mass anomalies is to postulate an inhomogeneous composition envelope structure. Thus the principal problem in current theoretical studies is: What are both the masses and envelope compositions of Cepheids? Stellar evolution theory has indicated that main sequence B stars evolve to become red giants or supergiants and then loop blueward in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to cross again the pulsation instability strip the second and third (or even more) times. The second and third crossings are the slowest for models of evolutionary masses between 4 and 13 M ⊙ . Both below and above this mass the stars become Cepheids (or δ Scuti variables at the lowest masses) on their sole crossing to the red. Massive stars do not become cool enough to become Cepheids if the main sequence mass is above 18 M ⊙ .


TUR syndrome occurs in approximately 7% of men following prostatic surgery. Its symptoms can be mistaken for the effects of anaesthesia or age. Patients require careful postoperative monitoring as the syndrome is treatable but can be fatal.


This two-day conference co-convened by Kate Nichols (University of Birmingham) and Barbara Pezzini (University of Manchester/National Gallery), aimed to initiate the mapping, examination and proble...


����� �� hen people age, internal struggles or conflicts (perhaps best defined as forces of opposing meanings) emerge that heretofore have not existed. These struggles are stimulated by the aging itself and all the related implications, such as physical challenges, mental impairment, out-of-home residential placement, and the ultimate approach of death. And the struggles arise in the aged themselves, their loved ones, their caretakers, their therapists and anyone else with whom they cross paths. Much of the struggle is culturally stimulated, as we internalize value systems that put old-age, physical and mental impairments, and nursing home placement at odds with American life as we have come to know it. More and more, American living, until something like illness or death visits nearby, has become more commonly colored by materialistic achievement and Hollywood images.


We show that for all but finitely many compact orientable surfaces, any superinjective map from the complex of separating curves into the Torelli complex is induced by an element of the extended mapping class group. As an application, we prove that any injective homomorphism from a finite index subgroup of the Johnson kernel into the Torelli group for such a surface is induced by an element of the extended mapping class group.


Compared the advantages and weaknesses between double ballscren centring form driven by electric motor and centring form with cylinder and synchronous belt. Using the ballscrew driven by servo motor to adapt to vertical beam with changing cross-section, to improve the punching precision of the equipment.