The invention provides a cell regeneration apparatus comprising a handle and a housing composed of an expansion portion, a power supply model arranged in the housing, a main control circuit board and a beautifying head. The beautifying head is arranged on the expansion portion and is provided with a plurality of electrodes arrayed neatly; the power supply model, the main control circuit board and the electrodes are connected mutually; the handle is provided with a control panel provided with control keys, and the control panel is connected to the main control circuit board electrically; a soft cap made of soft materiel is arranged out of the beautifying head. The cell regeneration apparatus has the advantages that according to different skin resistance of different bodies, the multi-electrode contact type coupling is adopted, and the contact of the electrodes and bodies is evener and more reliable.


Based on the statistic data from 2005 to 2007,using the spatial econometric methods,this paper provides analyzing the interaction mechanism of the provinces' equipment manufacturing industry.The results are that China's provincial equipment manufac-turing industry has the space interdependence,that equipment manufacturing sales output value is not only subject to local sales output value of the impact of the equipment manufacturing industry,but also by the neighboring province equipment manufacturing sales out-put.The invention and exports play the significant positive role in the provincial sales of the equipment manufacturing industry output,Finally,according to the conclusions,making policy recommendations.


Abstract Both the prevalence of adolescent smoking and the future health consequences of the behaviour are well known. Studies bearing on the psychological reasons why adolescents smoke have, however, relied largely on cross-sectional collections of data, and knowledge in the area has accordingly been restricted, by and large, to reports of psychological correlates of the behaviour. This study investigated psychological reasons associated with the onset of adolescent smoking behaviour in a large cohort of initial nonsmokers (1,945 males and 1,716 females) aged 13 to 17 years, examined in detail at intake and then followed up over one year. Data were collected by self-completed questionnaire given under supervision in school time. Predictors of adolescent smoking onset were similar for boys and girls, and for all age groups, and centred on both expectations of future smoking and the social climate within which smoking onset takes place. Briefly, adolescents are more likely to smoke if they expect to do so,...


The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of the parameter CPP (cepstral peak prominence) and LTAS (long term average spectrum) band energy for an analysis of breathy voice with vocal fold paralysis. Thirty-four female subjects who have vocal paralysis after thyroidectomy participated in this study. According to the perceptual judgements by three speech pathologists and one phonetic scholar, subjects were divided into two groups: breathy voice group (n=21) and non-breathy voice group (n=13). Maximum sustained phonation task was measured for acoustic analysis. CPP-related (i.e. mean F0, mean CPP, and mean CPPs) and LTAS-related (i.e. minimum, maximum, and mean) parameters were used. Independent samples t-test was conducted. Regarding CPP, there are significant differences in mean CPP and mean CPPs between groups. The values of mean CPP and CPPs in the non-breathy voice group are higher than those in the breathy voice group. The CPP could be regarded as the useful parameter for breathy voice analysis in the clinic. When it comes to LTAS, energy from 0 to 2 kHz are significantly different between groups. The minimum value of non-breathy group is lower than that of breathy group, whereas the maximum value of non-breathy group is higher. The frequency band below 2 kHz seems to be related to breathy voice.


Possible changes in the monoamine levels of the brain in relation to seizure susceptibility has been a subject of controversy for the past three decades. Since kindling was introduced as an ideal experimental model of human epilepsy, correlative studies between the monoamines and the acquisition of epileptogenesis have been strongly reinforced. The reported results, however, did not necessarily correspond among individual investigators.' :j Unless it is made clear whether or not the disagreement was due to the method they employed for quantification, the significance of the obtained results may remain obscure. We carried out a comparative study in order to explore the inter-method variability of measurement using rats placed on long-term kindling. What should concern us first is the comparison of the measured values between the brains of kindled animals and controls. When non-treated naive rats were chosen in place of sham-operated rats, there were subtle differences between the two groups. First, the level of dopamine content of the sham group was lower as compared to that of the non-treated group so that the sham animals are preferable to serve as control to the non-treated ones. The second problem that concerned us was the technical matter as to how the ani-


My staff and LAROO contractors have reviewed your correspondence of May 26, 1959, regarding the above subject. We agree that the development of reactor siting criteria is a complex problem involving wide variations in environmental conditions and reactor characteristics, as well as the associated protection engineered into a facility. Consequently, we believe that the definitive provisions regarding distances, population densities, and exclusion radii as specified in paragraphs b and c should be eliminated at this time. It would appear that these requirements are more restrictive than those used for some previously approved "test reactors". It would be very helpful if definitions were given for some of the terms used, such as "credible accident"., "undue hazard", "reactor characteristics", "test reactors", etc. Since 10 CFR 20 and AEC Manual Chapter 0524 establish standards for the protection of the public against radiation it is assumed that these are related to site selection and therefore should be included as references. These regulations would be a guide in determining what is an "undue hazard to the health and safety of the public" and what constitutes "significant radioactivity release".


Luteuthis shuishi sp. nov., the 2nd known species in a recently described cirrate family and genus, Luteuthidae and Luteuthis, previously known from the southwestern Pacific, is described from the South China Sea. Pre-fixed (fresh) morphologies of this species, and of the type species of the genus L. dentatus O'Shea, 1999 are provided. The relationship between Luteuthis and Grimpoteuthis tuftsi Voss and Pearcy, 1990 is evaluated. We suggest that G. tuftsi be placed in the family Luteuthidae, but because of a lack of adequate comparative material, no formal action is taken to prescribe it to a new genus. Previous family and generic diagnoses are amended to take into account the increased species and associated anatomical diversity.


Objective To investigate the clinical application of 3.0 T MR ultra high B value diffusion weighed imaging in detecting prostate cancer.Methods A total of 56 patients with clinically-and pathologically-proved prostate lesions were enrolled in this study.The prostate lesions included prostate cancer(n = 32) and benign prostate lesion(n = 24).Conventional MRI(T1WI and T2WI) and DWI(b = 0,1000,1500 and 2000 s / mm2) scanning was performed in all patients.Based on the combination of conventional sequence with DWI using different b value,the experiments were divided into three groups.Group A:conventional MRI plus DWI(b = 1000 s / mm2);group B:conventional MRI plus DWI(b = 1500 s / mm2);and group C:conventional MRI plus DWI(b =2000 s/mm2).ADC values of malignant tissues and benign tissues under different b values were compared by using independent samples t test.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves were used to evaluate the efficacy of the three protocols in differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostate lesions.The results were analyzed.Results The mean ADC of malignant tissue was significantly lower than that of benign lesions when the b value of 1000 s / mm2,1500 s / mm2or 2000 s / mm2was used,and the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).With the increasing of b value,the ADC overlapping area of malignant lesions and benign lesions became smaller.The mean area under curve(AUC) in group C(b = 2000 s / mm2) was larger than those in group B(b =1500 s/ mm2) and in group A(b =1000 s/mm2),and the differences in AUC between group C and group B as well as between group C and group A were statistically significant(Z = 11.85,P 0.05;Z = 15.42,P 0.05).Conclusion DWI at 3.0 T,when b = 2000 s / mm2is employed,can improve the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer.The optimal b value is 2000 s / mm2,and the best cut off ADC is 0.87 ×10-3mm2/ s.


†The definition of milk is given by its origin, and refers to a normal product from the sane cattleis mammary glands, obtained by making one or more daily extractions, or milkings, made hygienically, completely and without interruptions. Milk provides basic nutrients in human feeding. The composition of milk is not stable during lactation and can be affected by internal and external factors concerning the animal, therefore affecting the quality of the product.


Recently, Anderson et al. presented possible evidence for an anomalous acceleration acting on spacecrafts. Furthermore, the motions of several planets and comets are known to experience unexplained disturbances. A transneptunian comet or asteroid belt might be the common origin of these anomalies.


This paper is written as a response to Bowern (2009); however, it provides an opportunity for me to correct errors in Breen (2007). Bowern's paper has also had the positive result of forcing me to make a stronger case for my modified lexicostatistical method first outlined in Breen (1990 Chapter 7); however, this has grown into a second paper (referred to below as 'the companion paper') which goes far beyond considerations of Karnic languages. Other matters discussed include misunderstandings of my writings, perhaps not entirely the reader's fault, and lack of care and thoroughness in research.


There are three species of the genus Cephalanthera in the Republic of Adygea. All species are rare and listed in the Red Book of the Republic. They grow in forests of various types at altitudes from 209 m to 1724 m above sea level. The review provides a brief morphological description and some features of biology and ecology. Special attention is paid to identifying the locations of species, their phytocenotic association, analyzing the ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations and assessing their condition. Limiting factors were identified and possible ways of preserving the cenopopulation diversity of species were recommended.


Rattling motion of fillers in cage materials has been of great interest for their import roles in superconductivity and thermoelectric applications. The standing waves of the rattling oscillations are normally lower in energy than the propagating waves of the acoustic phonons, thus exert large influences on the configuration of phonon dispersions as well as the associated thermal and electrical properties. Although it has been extensively studied, the origin of the low energy soft modes is still not clear. In the present paper, we show that van der Waals-type interactions are predominant between fillers and their surrounding cage frameworks, which explains the origin of the low energy modes in cage materials as a universal rule. Mass, free space and chemical environment of guest atoms are shown to be the most important factors to determine the three dimensional van der Waals-type interactions. The present work is mainly focused on type-I clathrates, skutterudites and pyrochlores.


The new integrated optical modulator for optical signals frequency shift keying (FSK) has been designed. It is based on the technology of electrically controlled Bragg gratings. This technique can provide a very high frequency deviation (FM index). The results are especially interesting for local optical networks, optical sensors and on-board (planes and ships) telecommunication systems.


Many methods are available to tune proportional integral (PI) controllers for first order plus time delay (FOPTD) models of overdamped processes. The two asymptotes for small and large ratios of time delays over time constants are easily calculated. These two asymptotes can be used to evaluate and provide guidelines for the performance and application ranges of PI controller tuning rules. By matching these two asymptotes, a simple analytic tuning rule is suggested. For some overdamped processes whose transfer functions have large zero terms, half-order plus time delay (HOPTD) models are found to yield better results than the FOPTD models. Applying the technique of matching two asymptotes, a simple analytic PI controller tuning rule has also been proposed for the HOPTD models. To apply these tuning rules to high order processes with known transfer functions, model reduction methods to obtain the FOPTD and HOPTD models are investigated. Simulation results for empirical and full models of processes show the ...


" The Argument of Science against Metaphysics",an ideological event in the first half of 20 th century involving the relationship between scientism and humanism,is still a significant proposition in modern society development. Both scientism and humanism have its own rational points and limitations,and the two are in a complementary relationship like Yin and Yang in the Taiji figure. Now that the modernity paradox covers humanism,there is a need to adjust scientism with healthy spirit of Utopia to realize a benign interaction between rationalism and idealism.


This house on Morrison Road, Fremont, Ohio, has plenty of yard space, although, builder Leo Miller had not planned for it to have that much. Since erecting a single house on this property in 1979, Miller has not sold any more of the other 18 lots in the subdivision.


This paper proposes a CLC filter design of a flyback-inverter for photovoltaic systems. This applied system is small power system; therefore, the capacity and size of the entire system are critical factor. The proposed CLC filter consists of a conventional CL filter and an additional capacitor. The CLC filter, which guarantees the same performance about the current ripple reduction as that of the CL filter, can reduce the size of capacitor and inductor, comparing with components of CL filter. It can help the applied flyback-inverter to be smaller size and cost less. In this paper, the CL filter with the passive damping method is analyzed. Next, the one passive damping method with low power consumption is applied the effect of this method is analyzed. In order to verify the performance of the proposed CLC filter and the validity of passive damping method, a simulation is conducted.


We propose a scheme to achieve nuclear-nuclear indirect interactions mediated by a mechanically driven nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. Here we demonstrate two-qubit entangling gates and quantum-state transfer between two carbon nuclei in diamond. In such a system, the NV center interacts with a nearby nuclear spin via a dipole-dipole interaction. Under the quantum Zeno condition, the scheme is robust against decoherence caused by coupling between the NV center (nuclear spins) and the environment. Conveniently, precise control of dipole coupling is not required so this scheme is insensitive to fluctuating positions of the nuclear spins and the NV center. Our scheme provides a general blueprint for multi-nuclear-spin gates and for multi-party communication in a polygon geometry with each vertex occupied by a nuclear spin.


The twistor lifts of a minimal surface in a constantly curved 4-space are studied. Computing the Laplacian of the length of their differentials provides a topological condition for pseudoholomorphicity. Geometric conditions for holomorphicity of surfaces in flat spaces are found. The pseudoholomorphicity condition for minimal surfaces has been studied by various authors, e.g., Calabi [2], Chern [3], Eells and Wood [6]. For a long time, it has been known that the condition is fulfilled a priori when the surface is of genus zero and the ambient space is constantly curved. One would thus like to study the higher genus cases. Using the method of twistor lifts, and an analog of the diagonalization of the second fundamental form, Lemma 1.1, we obtain the Theorem. Let M be a closed minimal surface in a four-dimensional space of positive constant curvature k. Then M is pseudoholomorphic if I X (TM') I > -2X(M), where x(M) and X(TMI) are the Euler characteristics of M and its normal bundle TM1 respectively. In this case, the immersion is determined up to an isometry of N by the curvature function of M. Furthermore, if k = 1, then the area of M is an integral multiple of 2ir. Note. R. Bryant [1] and Chern and Wolfson [5] showed that closed pseudoholomorphic minimal surfaces of arbitrary genus exist in S4; they called them superminimal. 1. THE SECOND FUNDAMENTAL FORM Let q: M2 N2+p be an immersion of a surface into a Riemannian manifold. We denote the tangent bundles of M and N by TM and TN respectively, and the dual of an adapted orthonormal frame field {e1, ..., e2+p} by {W1Z ... S02+pJ . From now on, unless otherwise noted, we will adhere to the Received by the editors April 24, 1989 and, in revised form, December 14, 1989. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 53C42, 58E20.


The popularity of high dynamic range (HDR) imaging has grown in both academic and private research sectors. Since the native visualization of HDR content still has its limitations, the importance of dynamic range compression (i.e., tone-mapping) is very high. This paper evaluates observers' preference of experience in context of image tone-mapping. Given the different nature of natural and computer-generated content, the way observers perceive the quality of tone-mapped images can be fundamentally different. In this paper, we describe a subjective experiment attempting to determine users' preference with respect to these two types of content in two different viewing scenarios—with and without the HDR reference. The results show that the absence of the reference can significantly influence the subjects' preferences for the natural images, while no significant impact has been found in the case of the synthetic images. Moreover, we introduce a benchmarking framework and compare the performance of selected objective metrics. The resulting dataset and framework are made publicly available to provide a common test bed and methodology for evaluating metrics in the considered scenario.


Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious complication in post congenital cardiac repair in children leading to high morbidity and mortality. We conducted this study with an aim to determine incidence, risk factors, and mortality of VAP in pediatric cardiac surgical patients.
 Methodology This prospective observational study included 371 children aged less than 12 years who underwent elective cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease from March 2020 to September 2021. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with VAP and without VAP.
 Results Out of 371 patients, 67 patients (18%) developed VAP. The VAP incidence density was 36.3 episodes per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days. Age less than 1 year (p <0.001), prolonged preoperative hospital stay (odds ratio: 2.25; 95% CI:1.11–4.52; p = 0.007), and higher RACHS1 (risk adjustment in congenital heart surgery) category, prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation (p <0.001), delayed sternal closure, tracheostomy, reintubation, use of uncuffed ET tube, and peritoneal dialysis were associated with higher incidence of VAP. Total 86 tracheal samples were taken. Most frequently isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter baumannii (43%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (23%). Antibiotic resistance was alarming as Acinetobacter and Klebsiella species were highly resistant to commonly used broad spectrum antibiotics like cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems.
 Conclusion VAP incidence in our study was 18% and VAP incidence density was 36.3 per 1,000 mechanical ventilation days. Patients with VAP had higher mortality (32%) as compared with patients without VAP (12%).


A person can suffer a vast array of kinds of harm as a result of being labeled mentally ill.[1,2,3] The harm can range from plummeting of one's self-confidence to loss of a job or failure to get one to loss of custody of one's children to deprivation of the rights to make decisions about one's medical and legal affairs. Such labeling can be used as a way to discredit and silence those who speak out about matters that those more powerful than they wish to keep secret. In addition, once psychiatrically diagnosed, a person who has real physical illnesses, pains, or injuries may have those problems overlooked or dismissed as the imaginings of a person who is mentally ill. It is frighteningly easy to trample on a person's basic human rights once they have been classified as mentally ill.


The challenges to extending the delivered computing capabilities of semiconductor technology through Moore's Law, while manageable in the short term, may prove difficult or possibly impractical in the long term. Even now, the complex interplay of power and performance is resulting in significant changes in previous trends. Clock rates of commodity microprocessors are flattening even as multi-core chips are emerging as the norm for next generation systems. While conventional wisdom has dictated an assumption of continued adherence to the pure CMOS tradition of the last decade and more, the supercomputing community must consider the possibility of alternative technologies, at least in combination with more conventional devices. More than just changing or augmenting the technology base, new architecture structures and programming models may need to be considered and multiple levels to exploit the potential of such advances. This panel addresses these issues with a focus on one possible alternative technology: superconductor devices. Rapid Single Flux Quantum (RSFQ) logic exhibits operational properties in terms of performance and power that now positions it as a potential future leader among alternative digital technologies to augment semiconductor components in hybrid systems. But it is also challenged by lack of maturity and commercial market as well as its reliance on extreme operational temperature regimes. This panel brings together leaders in the fields of technology and computer architecture to consider the possible strategies and potential viability of superconductor based supercomputing. RSFQ technology may deliver clock rates in excess of an order of magnitude that of the corresponding semiconductor logic and with dramatically reduced power requirements. Further, at least in principle, it is easier to fabricate than heavily doped based semiconductor device fabrication processes. Nonetheless, in spite of decades of research and experience with small fabrication lines, it has not managed to challenge the prevailing semiconductor technologies. However, the increasing difficulties to sustaining current level of growth in density and performance of CMOS within practical power constraints may change this. This panel considers critical issues of technology and architecture and how RSFQ may contribute effectively to future supercomputing next decade. Four major topics will be addressed: 1. superconductor technology 2. micro-architecture using RSFQ 3. hybrid memory systems 4. system architecture incorporating superconductor components Superconductor technology, its viability and capability, will be discussed by Arnold Silver, the inventor of the original single flux quantum electronic circuits and long-time leader in the field at TRW. Designing micro-architectures using RSFQ devices …


The clean government building are the greatly systematical project, which need the ever-lasting efforts from all the fields in our society. Traditional culture has deep impact on the clean government building and it is of the significant importance for it. Althouth the clean government idea in the traditional culture can not basically get rid of the corruption, we have to say that it is a socially effective controlling power. In order to enforce the clean government building,we should know how to use the moral power.


MusiClef was one of the"brave new tasks"at MediaEval 2013 with a multimodal approach that combined music, video and textual information in order to evaluate systems that recommend a music soundtrack given the video of a commercial and the information on the product to be advertised.


A new model of time division duplex long term evolution (TD-LTE) system considering crossed time slot (CTS) interference is proposed in this paper because CTS interference may greatly affect system performance. An improved quantum evolutionary algorithm (QEA) is put forward to solve the model efficiently. The proposed QEA enhances the global search capability and has a good convergence due to the increase of a mutation operator based on controlled-not gate. Simulation experiment shows that the proposed QEA is effective to solve the problem.


ABSTRACT Addicted criminal justice clients present unique challenges because of the complex biopsychosocial problems which frequently accompany their addiction. An overview of the current understanding of addictive disease is presented, including the important distinction between abstinence and sobriety. In the Eagleville Recovery Program, each client's medical, psy-chosocial, educational, vocational and psychiatric assessments arc used to develop an individualized treatment plan. Group therapy is the primary treatment modality, supplemented by individual and family therapy, a unique Adult Basic Education component, work therapy, and active involvement in the 12-step programs. Group therapy is important because these clients often reject suggestions from professionals but are willing to accept feedback from peers. Even minor successful accomplishments in the educational program enhance clients' self-esteem and reinforce other areas of growth and change, while work therapy provides an opportunity to learn ...


Contemporary organizations face complicated and changing environment. Fast changes of technology and influx of different management solutions to improve organizations' condition have made the managers to face several challenges. In such environment, performance evaluation and management would be very demanding; since the evaluation of organizations only based on profit, loss and financial balance sheet makes it astray. The reason is not paying attention to organizational assets, informative assets and human assets. In this regard the creation of balanced score cards (BSC) helped the managers to measure the performance in four aspects i.e. Financial, customer, business process, growth and learning. This led to transition and understanding of mission, vision, strategy, and performance expectations to all internal and external stakeholders of organizations. This study by the means of descriptive-analytical method, reviewed the four basic dimensions of balanced score cards and investigated the revolutionary process and development of these cards within three generations. Keyword: balanced score cards – technology developments – performance – strategic


Character is the absolute answer to creating a better life in the community. Character is the values of human behavior associated with the Almighty God, ourselves, our fellow human beings, the environment, and nationality embodied in thoughts, attitudes, feelings, words, and actions based on religious norms, laws, manners, culture , and customs, and traditions.


The study of the local velocity field requires the use of a very large sample to describe as accurately as posible some prominent features of the local kinematics. The problem of collecting a large sample is made more difficult because of the Malmquist bias which plagues distance determinations. Our programme aims at determining bias-free distances for a complete sample in order to study the local velocity field. The present paper gives 303 preliminary optical and radio redshifts measured for this program at ESO, OHP and Nancay observatories


This chapter discusses the method for calculating hardenability from the composition. It contains tables listing multiplying factors, carbon content, initial hardness, and 50% martensite hardness. The tables also list Jominy distance for 50% martensite vs. DI (In and mm), boron factors vs.% carbon and alloy factor, and distance hardness dividing factors for non-boron and boron steels (In and mm).


The question of a politician's skill as a performer is frequently debated in terms both positive and negative. Some politicians, such as Ronald Reagan, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama have been lauded as naturally gifted orators. Others, Hillary Clinton and JohnMcCain, for instance, are either maligned for their lacklustre acting ability, or, conversely, it is asserted that politicians should not have to be good performers in the first place. Bill Clinton's longtime nickname 'slick willie', for instance, implies among other things a duplicitous ability to weasel himself out of any disadvantageous situation and thus casts Clinton's virtuosic improvisation skills as a negative. The flipside of this argument is contained in David Foster Wallace's essay on John McCain's 2000 presidential campaign, wherein the novelist details howMcCain's obvious discomfort with prepared speeches actually inclined him to trust McCain more. This article is concerned with that suspicion of acting and performance in the political realm, and especially with the closely related argument that an emphasis on performance and theatricality is detrimental to institutional politics. The first section examines relevant scholarship on the interplay between performance and politics, arguing that this scholarship has thus far either insufficiently theorized the performative nature of representative democracy or tended to dismiss a focus on politicians' performances in the public sphere as an antipolitical distraction from the more purely rational and deliberative business of representative politics. The question of what function is fulfilled by politicians' performances in representative democracy, whether these are truly mere distraction and ornamentation, or whether the system relies on them to play a more vital role, is thus left open. This article will make the case that the system of representative democracy relies, for its legitimacy, on the ability of politicians to give 1 David Foster Wallace, 'Up, Simba: Seven Days on the Trail of an Anticandidate', in Consider the Lobster and Other Essays (New York: Little Brown, 2006), 156–234. Contemporary Theatre Review, 2019 Vol. 29, No. 1, 5–22, https://doi.org/10.1080/10486801.2018.1556210


The purpose of this study is to find troubles in producing and using the reclaimed soaps to get the solutions of their troubles. Five kinds of reclaimed soaps were taken from religious or civic organizations and nine kinds of soaps were made by adding sodium hydroxide of different concentrations to ...


Cognitive training and psychological suggestion were applied in amateur tennis training in South China University for Nationalities. They proved to be better than the traditional training method.


Ancient Šuruppak, today Fara, was one of the major Sumerian cities in Mesopotamia. It was situated along one of the ancient watercourses of the Euphrates River. Findings date it back to the Jemdet Nasr period around 3000 bc with a continuous occupation until the end of the Ur III period around 2000 bc. Fara was first explored and excavated by the Deutsche Orient‐Gesellschaft in the years 1902 and 1903 under the direction of Walter Andrae. Multiple excavation trenches with lengths up to 900 m transect the 1 km2 wide mound and are still visible today which enables us to georeference the excavation maps. Today, the 2.2 km2 wide archaeological area is dry and without any vegetation. Thousands of deep looting pits are covering the majority of mound which not only destroyed its upper metres but also challenge the application of geophysical prospection methods and their interpretation. The magnetometer prospecting of selected areas on and around the mound was carried out with three devices, two total field magnetometers and one gradiometer. The individual survey areas were combined in post‐processing by applying a high‐pass filter on the total field data sets and multiplying the vertical gradiometer data sets by a factor of two. This approach provides visually uniform magnetograms, despite being obtained by different devices, which simplifies subsequent visual interpretation. These magnetograms enable us to review, and to extend the results of the old excavations. The comparison show a good correlation in accuracy to the old drawings and positive identification of the already excavated features with magnetometry. Highlights of the survey are the discovery of the city wall confirming its existence, the layout of a unique building complex in the centre of the mound, likely a temple, traces of canals inside the city and an evaluation of magnetometer prospection over a looted area.


Social networking sites are the various websites through which people from various parts of the world communicate with other users and also share their opinions towards a particular field or social concern. Some of the famous social networking sites are Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ etc.. The social networking sites are used by the teachers and students alike. Hence, the sites can be used as a medium of communication between students and teachers to create a technological teaching and learning experience. Various blogs or groups can be created so that students, teachers and professionals from the same stream can discuss their ideas. The teachers can use the sites to display information/notes OR upload various video lectures OR answer the doubts raised by the students OR take some exams. The students can learn from the notes and video lectures and can raise various doubts and questions which will be answered by professionals of that particular field. This way the teaching and learning process can be improvised in terms of technology and it can also be carried out in an edutainment manner. In this paper, we are analyzing the feedback collected from various people on their views about teaching and learning through social networking sites and  performing correlation and regression analysis on the collected data.


Caries Risk Assessment: A Comparison Between the Computer Program 'Cariogram', Dental Hygienists and Dentists. G.H. Petersson and D. Bratthall. Swedish Dental Journal 2000; 24: 129–137.


Aim. To access overall and event-free survival rates in patients after surgical treatment of localized and locally spread pancreatic head cancer. Materials and methods. A single center observational trial was conducted at a low-volume pancreatic surgery center in Khanty-Mansiysk. Data were collected retrospectively from 2007 to 2019. Patients with resectable tumors were included into the study whose final histology showed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and en-bloc resection. According to the technical facilities and actual clinical protocols all patients received surgical treatment only and were then monitored. Data on progression patterns and survival rates were collected and calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results. Median overall survival (OS) after R0 pancreaticoduodenectomy was 16,8 months (IQR 10,9-23,5). Median progression-free survival was 10,6 mo. (IQR 8,0-20,7). OS in jaundiced patients was 4,9 mo. shorter than in patients without jaundice at the diagnosis (р = 0,011). Patients with serum bilirubin level < 100 μmol/l lived on average 7.2 months longer (p = 0.014). Most frequent sites of primary progression were liver and peritoneum, lungs, bones, lymph nodes of the abdominal cavity / retroperitoneal space, less often metastases were found in the skin and soft tissues. In 21.4% of cases metastases were found in several organs simultaneously with most frequent combination of liver and peritoneum, liver and lungs, lungs and bones. The median survival after progression was 7.1 ± 4.8 months Conclusion. Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma has a high potential for progression and has therefore poor prognosis. To improve long-term outcomes, it is advisable to apply additional therapeutic options perioperatively.


In the 1930s, Japan's culture of fascism shaped its politics, culture, and foreign affairs. Military adventurism in Manchuria and political assassinations at home led to the fall of party politics and the rise of military governance, wherein generals, admirals, and their lieutenants occupied top cabinet posts. After 1931, the Kwantung Army conquered much of Manchuria and Tokyo eventually accepted these territorial gains as fait accompli . The birth of Japan's autarkic empire (Map 3) paralleled these military victories; incensed with irksome diplomacy, Japan withdrew from the League of Nations and most of its international agreements. With a full-fledged invasion of China after 1937, Japan waged the so-called 'Greater East Asian War', eventually attacking Pearl Harbor (1941) and drawing the US into the conflict. For both sides, racism, cultural misunderstanding, and sheer mercilessness characterized the fighting. The historical currents that led to the dramatic collapse of party politics and the rise of militarism had their roots in imperial nationalism and the Meiji Constitution, which had isolated the military from the turgid malaise of parliamentary politics. Japan's military always stood beyond the political fray and in the popular imagination easily transcended the corruption of liberal economics and politics, which became strongly associated with the excesses of US individualism and greed. The Pacific War exacted a heavy toll on all involved. Millions died in the Pacific theatre as a result of Japanese expansionism; domestically the Japanese, though initially enthralled with the exuberant culture of total war, began suffering through the so-called 'dark valley' as defeat loomed on the horizon. By 1945, the US and its Allies had crippled Japan's domestic industrial and military machinery, and with the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan 'unconditionally surrendered'. The seven-year US occupation of Japan that followed the war witnessed profound and widespread changes in Japanese political institutions, law enforcement and defence, education, economics and popular culture, the legacies of which have shaped Japanese society throughout the post-war years.


China and Japan are two neighboring countries with more than 2000 years' friendly visits and cultural exchanges.The introduction of Chinese characters and Chinese language have not only provided Japanese people with approaches of recording and writing the language,enriched Japanese vocabularies,but also produced great influences on Japanese's pronunciations and methods of expressions.Before and after Japan's Meiji Restoration,large numbers of Japan-made new words have entered Chinese language,brought fresh foreign factors into the culture of the Han.In a perspective of vocabulary,the bilateral exchanges between Chinese language and Japanese language have been achieved,with large numbers of Chinese vocabularies being absorbed into Japanese language,and some Japanese Kanji also being accepted by Chinese language.


Electrical energy is used most efficiently when it is produced on demand and consumed locally, without costly long-distance distribution system or troublesome storage. For renewable energy source, like wind or sunlight, finding such applications is difficult due to their limited predictability and the mismatch between energy availability and demand.


ABSTRACT This article examines the outcome in Trinity Lutheran of Columbia v. Comer (Trinity Lutheran), wherein the Supreme Court ruled that religious institutions, and believers, cannot be singled-out and/or denied generally available benefits simply because of their faiths. Trinity Lutheran is significant because the Court emphasized the importance of preserving religious liberty. In light of Trinity Lutheran's likely impact on the Supreme Court's First Amendment jurisprudence as to the free exercise of religion, after reviewing the facts, background, and judicial history in this dispute, this article reflects on the implications it raises for the relationship between religious freedom and education.


The cost efficiency of railways maintenance regions and contracts in Sweden is estimated. We use a dual-level inefficiency model on a panel data set stretching from 1999-2013. The model allows us to decompose the efficiency of railway maintenance in two parts, showing which contract that is most cost efficient within a region and the relative cost efficiency between regions. The results indicate considerable cost reduction possibilities if the cost inefficient regions replicated the most efficient region, and that scale economies are not fully exploited. Nonetheless, competitive tendering of maintenance has been beneficial according to the estimation results, showing a further cost reduction after the first period of tendering. 1.0 Introduction The organization of the rail sector in Europe has been subject to reforms during the last decades, initiated by the European Commission's Directive (Dir. 91/440) in 1991 with a vertical separation of train operations and infrastructure management. Nevertheless, the infrastructure managers (IMs) have been run as state-owned monopolies, often with demands on higher efficiency being put forward, leading to changes of the organization. This was the case in Sweden where the IM was restructured in 1998 by separating the production unit from the administrative unit, with the argument that the roles within the Swedish Rail Administration (Banverket) should be refined in order to achieve a more efficient management (Prop. 1997/98:56, p.103). The reform created a client-contractor relationship between the production unit and the administrative units, which paved the way for a decision in 2001 to gradually expose the maintenance of railways to competition. The objective of this paper is to estimate the cost efficiency of railway maintenance regions and contracts in Sweden. This analysis is made in the context of a national organization with relatively independent regional units, each administering several maintenance contract areas. This implies that there may be variability in the performance between and within these regional units, and this notion is further supported by the organizational and regulatory changes during the last two decades. Up until 2007, Banverket was a decentralized organization with five regional units responsible for the infrastructure management within their region and they were directly accountable to the director-general. Each region was instructed to have competence to define, order and follow up the maintenance from the production unit (Banverket 2000). The responsibilities of the regional units were centralized in 2007, with the purpose of coordinating the working procedures and have a more consistent approach between the


Fulfillment of human need is the goal of vernacular architecture, which has been developed to be close relationship with human culture. Such wisdom as genie loci which has been implemented in nonengineered construction, which has great response to; 1) the occupants's need, b) the physical environment, c) ecological-oriented. Various Sundanese Kampung Adat (indigenous kampongs) in West Java, Indonesia has implemented the wisdom in promoting architecture paradigms, such as ; 1) buildings which physically last long, little maintenance, and save in energy, 2) the way architecture and environment in fostering man's spirit. Its realization is climatic adaptation within the sustainability's culture. The aim of the research is an evaluation of vernacularism's climatic adaptation, such as: 1) to analyse climatic adaptive technology, 2) to develop the potential of climatic adaptive technology, which can be seen in: 1) house Shape, 2) building method, 3)building components, 4)building materials. The methodology of research is qualitative descriptive, which based on observation. The useful of the research is to get better understanding of vernacular wisdom in overcoming climate problems.


Where misdirected trust asset consists of, or becomes invested in, registered land, whether the beneficiary could recover it from the recipient is doubtful given that the Torrens system, through the principle of indefeasibility, effects a substantial reversal of the priority rules under the general law. The key to unravelling the seemingly inconsistent cases on this topic is to be sensitive to the diversity in drafting and interpretation of the different Torrens legislations, with particular focus on whether the principle of indefeasibility also protects registered volunteers. Through a comparative study of the Torrens jurisdictions in Australia and Singapore, this article highlights how the position differs from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and makes suggestions on how the interests of the competing parties may be best balanced. The doctrine of notice, which is the primary though not the only determinant of recovery of equitable property, was developed over 500 years ago in order to identify the circumstances in which beneficial interests under a trust will be destroyed by the trustee's unauthorised conveyance of the trust property to a third party. It only assumed its final form after several centuries of Chancery litigation involving various categories of recipients of trust property – heirs and creditors, as well as purchasers with notice of the breach and donees. 46


According to the dominant view, the supposedly state-centric concept of war has been successively replaced after the Second World War by the concepts of use of force, aggression, and armed attack in international security law, on the one hand, and the concept(s) of armed conflict in international humanitarian law, on the other. Based on an analysis of post-war codifications, in particular, international human rights law, this article argues that it is yet still too premature to bid farewell to war as a concept that for centuries has shaped the practice and theory of international law. Rather, it should be treated as a dynamic umbrella concept recognizing that non-state actors may be capable of committing acts of war, i.e., armed attacks triggering a state´s inherent right to self-defence. As further explained by the authors, this 21st century concept of war might be located in international law´s general part, thus overstretching its different subareas and without altering the lex specialis-concepts contained therein.


This paper proposes a practical hyper- redundant manipulator consisting of an arm with a powerful slider at the base, controlled by a method called the "2 DOF Moray Drive". The 2 DOF Moray Drive derogates the hyper-redundant degrees of freedom to 2 variables: one variable to signify the linear combination of the initial and final postures of the arm and one to express the length of the arm housed inside the slider. Optimal motion of the 2 DOF Moray Drive is then generated by Fourier expansion and steepest ascent. The characteristics and advantages of the proposed control method are demonstrated by simulation, including motion in different postures in a gravitational field and motion with fluid resistance from water.


Abstract This purpose of the research is to determine the proper physical characteristics of the area formerly referred to as Bhawornsathanmongkon of Wang Na. Located in Rattanakosin Island.   Wang Na is occupied by historical buildings containing artistic and architectural material dating back to the beginning of the Rattanakosin era. Many of these ancient buildings were built more than 200 years ago.  In 1926 King Rama VI gave all of the buildings in Wang Na to the authorities for the purpose of creating a museum for the city of Bangkok and to manage the housing and preservation of antiques from all over the country.  The use of the original area of Wang Na has undergone many changes.  Today the area of Wang Na houses academic and government offices including th National Museum, the National Theatre, the Bhanditpattanasin Institute, Thammasart University and the northern portion of the Phramen grounds. The change of the Wang Na area from being a palace to being part of the academic section of Thammasart University was carried out without any meaningful conservation plan or proper plan to conserve the history of the area and as a result has been the cause of many problems.  These problems have caused disadvantages to the buildings in the area of Rattanakosin in both direct and indirect ways.  The government established th Rattanakosin Council to draw up and implement policies to conserve and develop the area.  Unfortunately, these policies did not include any effort to conserve Wang Na's historical value. Keywords : Conservation, Wang Na, Archeological site, Interpretation Planning


We address the challenge of creating intersections between children's everyday engagement and museum exhibitions. Specifically, we propose an approach to participatory design inquiry where children's everyday engagement is taken as the point of departure. We base our discussion on a design workshop -- Gaming the Museum -- where a primary school class was invited to participate in exploring future exhibition spaces for a museum, based on their everyday use of computer games and online communities. We reflect on the results of the workshop, and broadly discuss the everyday engagement of children as point of departure for designing interactive museum exhibitions.


We provide a technical scheme based on the adaptive digital predistortion principle for the linearization of high power amplifier with memory in this paper.Firstly,it gives a practical technique scheme based on the analysis of adaptive digital predistortion technique.Secondly,it discusses the effect about the magnification of attenuator in the technical scheme and give the selection principles and the design methods.Lastly,a simulation analysis for the digital predistortion system is given in this paper.The simulation results show that performance of digital predistortion compensation system can be improved by adjusting magnification of attenuator and dynamic rang.For a input OFDM signal of 8MHz band width,the system provided in this paper can suppress power of sideband 26dB and reduce the distortion of in-band 7dB.


The present invention multiplexes the multi-channel broadcast such as in particular for cable TV broadcasting or satellite broadcasting on the OLT and ONT for convergence service of broadcast data services, and communication data service in a passive optical network, using a communication network of the single line receiving the broadcasting service and data communication service relates to the OLT and ONT that provides a broadcast and communication convergence convergence service. The present invention in a passive optical network that is initiated OLT for providing a convergence service of broadcast data services and data communication services by converting broadcast data from the RF signal to the broadcast optical signal transmission unit for transmitting broadcast data to the subscriber side; Converting the communication data of the electric signal to the optical communication signal transmission unit for transmitting communication data to the subscriber side; And the purpose and the technical of the invention, including the two in order to transmit in a single optical line to the subscriber side an optical signal through the PON, to fuse the communication optical signal with the broadcast optical signal the parts of the multiplexing for multiplexing into a single optical signal having a wavelength to achieve the task.


Comparative measurements have been made of the dynamic fatigue response of synroc and borosilicate glass specimens in water, using an indentation flaw technique. The results are presented in terms of a universal plotting scheme which allows for simple appraisal of the "lifetime" capabilities of the materials. Synroc is intrinsically stronger than borosilicate glass, but the fatigue susceptibilities are similar.


We apply the Luxemburg-Jung fixed point theorem in generalized metric spaces to study the Hyers-Ulam stability for two functional equations in a single variable.


This study was conducted in two high schools located in suburban, Long Island, New York, with a predominantly white population. The respondents in this study consisted of 234, 11th grade students. The data was analyzed using the structural equation model. Findings show that there is a positive correlation between percent of participation in organizations and academic self-concept. There is a positive correlation between self-concept and academic selfconcept, as well as a correlation between self-concept and percent of participation in sports. An inverse correlation was found between the percent of participation in an organization and self-concept. Purpose of the Study Growing evidence demonstrates the overall value of participation in organized activities for positive youth development, including fewer behavior problems, improved academic self-concept, and increased educational achievement (Feldman & Matjasko, 2005). To date, there haven't been many studies to determine if various extracurricular activities in combination have a greater impact than one particular type alone. Though there has been a great deal of research surrounding extracurricular athletic activities, there hasn't been much research comparing various types of extracurricular activities to determine if certain extracurricular activities have a greater affect on a student's overall grade point average or academic selfconcept. The review of the relevant literature indicated relationships among participation in extracurricular activities and academic achievement. Adolescent students' involvement in extracurricular activities, both athletic-based and academic-based, has shown to increase student achievement and increase academic self-concept. Researchers have essentially showed agreement throughout the review of the literature. The study is important because much of today's research tend to support the academic and psychological development benefits of extracurricular involvement. Many think that participating in a variety of different organized activities will bring higher grades motivation and a positive self-concept. What we fail to realize is that for some youth, over scheduling them with extracurricular activities can bring about negative consequences academically and psychologically. The study also examined the effect of four variables (Academic Self-Concept, Self-Concept, Percent of Participation in Sports and Percent of Participation in an organization) on students' academic achievement. Academic achievement is measure by scores in ELA, Math, and overall GPA. The study was conducted in two suburban, Long Island, New York high schools with a predominantly white population. Many schools encourage Middle School and High School students to join sports. This study will help schools determine which type of extracurricular makes the biggest positive impact on academic achievement. The following research questions guide this study. 1. What is the relationship among the four variables (self-concept, academic self-concept, the level of student participation in after-school sports and organizations) and the final Grade Point Average (GPA), English Language Arts (ELA) and Math scores for eleventh graders? 2. What is the impact, if any, of the four variables (selfconcept, academic self-concept, the level of student participation in after-school sports and organizations) on the Final Grade Point Average (GPA), English Language Arts (ELA) and Math scores for eleventh graders? Theoretical Framework Participation in school-based extracurricular activities like sports, the arts, and academic clubs, provides opportunities for student growth both educationally and developmentally (Mahoney et al., 2006). There have been many studies that show a positive relationship between participating in after school sports or an organizational activity and a student's final Grade Point Average (GPA). Mahoney et al., (2005) stated activity participation by adolescents has been found to be linked with higher educational attainment, and achievement reduced problem behaviors and heightened 22 S p r i n g , 2 0 1 6 J o u r n a l f o r L e a d e r s h i p a n d I n s t r u c t i o n psychosocial competencies (Mahoney et al., 2005). Astin (1984) and Tinto (1975) stated involvement helps students connect with their institution and develop an attachment that encourages exploration, and it facilitates social interaction by increasing peer friendships and time with faculty and staff (Astin, 1984; Tinto, 1975). For this study, the review of the research literature is divided into the following topical headings: academic self-concept, academic achievement, and extracurricular activities. Academic Achievement Many researchers have hypothesized that there is a significant correlation between academic achievement and the level of extracurricular participation, marked by increases in students' academic achievement (Feldman & Matjasko, 2005). Early research reported mixed results as to the association between participation in extracurricular activity and academic achievement in the form of grade point average (Holland & Andre, 1987). Extracurricular activities are believed to influence academic self-concept (Jacobs, Vernon, & Eccles, 2004). Stakeholders are concerned about educational performance within the public school setting. Many school reforms have been based off of these concerns stemming from students' academic achievement. Academic Self-Concept Conventional wisdom suggests that academic performance should be related to general self-esteem. According to Goodman and Young (2006), the higher the student's academic performance, the higher their self-esteem should be and vice versa. According to Holland and Andre (1987), all students start school being identified with academics, meaning their academic performance in a relation to how they feel about themselves. Self-esteem, however, is only one of several predictors of academic performance (Steele, 1992). Being that many prior studies have shown that academic self-concept is significantly related to academic performance, further studies have been conducted to isolate the effect of academic self-concept between various ethnicities, and between genders. Extracurricular Activities In Mahoney et al. (2006), the recent national survey showed that more than 80% of children and youth participated in extracurricular contexts (Mahoney et al., 2006). Eccles and Gootman (2002) and Holland and Andres (1987), also stated there is an increasing awareness that participation in organized activity contexts offers valuable opportunities for growth and positive youth development (Eccles & Gootman, 2002; Holland & Andres, 1987). Participating in extracurricular activities becomes increasingly important during adolescence, as youth explore their emerging interests and identities, make friends with others, and strive to fit in with their peers. Participation in school-based extracurricular activities, like sports, the arts, and academic clubs, is a normative and important part of the school experience for many youths (Fredricks, 2012). In Fredricks and Eccles (2006), "adolescents participating in a greater number of activities in 11th grade obtained a higher grade point average and had greater expectations about their educational attainment during and after high school" (Fredricks & Eccles, 2006, p. 12). Prior research tends to support the development benefits of extracurricular involvement, and school completion rates (Fredricks, 2012) Athletic Extracurricular Activities Equally important, Shulruf (2010) stated that extracurricular activities are an integral component of school life. Marsh & Kleitman (2003) and McCarthy (2000), the study found that participation in athletics is linked to improved school attendance, academic outcomes, social relationships and self-esteem (Marsh & Kleitman, 2003; McCarthy, 2000; Shulruf, 2010). Academic Extracurricular Activities McCarthy (2000) found that there is a significant correlation between academic extracurricular activities and academic performance. McCarthy's study proved that students who participate in academic extracurricular activities are stronger performers academically, and typically report higher GPA's than noninvolved peers or students who participated in other types of out-of-district extracurricular activities (McCarthy, 2000).


The evaluation was done between 1300 and 1425 C in ambient air. Minimum creep rate was evaluated vs tensile stress and temperature, and measured tensile creep performances of two different specimen geometries (buttonhead and dogbone - machined from same billet) were compared. This Si nitride exhibited comparable or better creep resistance than other Si nitrides described in the literature. Measured creep response of the material and lifetime were observed to be geometry dependent; the smaller cross-sectioned dogbone samples exhibited faster creep rates and shorter lives, presumably due to faster oxidation-induced damage in this geometry. The tensile creep rates and lifetimes were found to be well represented by the Monkman- Grant relation between 1350 and 1425 C, with some evidence suggesting stratification of the data for the 1300 C tests and a change in dominant failure mode between 1300 and 1350 C. Lastly, values of the temperature-compensated stress exponent and activation energy for tensile creep were found to decrease by 80 and 75% in compression, respectively, illustrating anisotropic creep behavior in this Si nitride.


From high resolution spectroscopy (better than 0.2 A), obtained with the REOSC echelle spectrograph, at the 2.1 m telescope, OANSPM-Mexico, and MIKE spectrograph at the Magellan telescope, Las Campanas, Chile, we measured heliocentric radial velocities and peculiar velocities for a sample of 40 planetary nebulae (PNe) with [WC] nucleus and 32 objects with normal central star. These data allow us to analyze the kinematical behavior and the galactic distribution of PNe with [WC] nucleus ([WC]PNe) in relation with the planetary nebulae with normal central star. Data were obtained during several observing runs from June 1996 to June 2010. Radial velocities were determined from the λλ[O III]5007,4959, [N II] 6583,6548, Hα, Hβ and Hγ nebular emission lines, by fitting a gaussian profile in the case of single profiles, and taking an average for the case of double-peak profiles. The observed wavelengths were compared with the rest wavelengths as given by Hyung et al. (2001) to derive radial velocities. Heliocentric velocities and velocities with respect to the Local Standard of Rest, VLSR, were determined by using the routine rvcorrect in IRAF. Our heliocentric velocities compare well, within uncertainties, with the values provided by Durand et al. (1998). We also computed the circular velocities, Vcirc, corresponding to the circular velocity at the position of the object in the galactic disk, by assuming the distances to the galactic center given by Stanghellini & Haywood (2010). This allows us to determine the peculiar velocities of the objects, given by


In 1967 an academic wrote: "AA university is not a trade school for the production of plumbers". He wrote about legal education which in England, as in many other countries, has a tradition of recognising academic study and vocational training as separate stages on the route to professional qualification. Thirty years ago universities catered for a relatively small sector of the population; concentrating on undergraduate studies for students entering at the age of 18. Notes the evolution in universities since that time and debates the experience universities should be providing for students today. It will suggest that the failure to distinguish the various forms of higher education is detrimental to the degree and this in turn is harmful to universities. It will conclude by questioning whether Dearing is likely to provide appropriate solutions to the problems


The blood film forming substrate 200, the y-axis direction of the base end side of the part (23sR) film thickness gradually decreases in the first film (23R) is formed so as to overlap the first film forming region (24R), the second film (23B) the film thickness gradually decreasing portion of the (23sB) a second film-forming region (24B) of the located on the outer side of the y-axis direction and the first film (23R) film thickness gradually decreasing portion (23sR) rolled thickness gradually decreasing part in (23sR of ) film is formed so as to compensate for the diminishing of the thickness of the minute.


This review paper reports a comprehensive account on TS in studies related to ecology and biodiversity. In the recent past, TS has been proposed in conservation issues as a device to estimate the biodiversity in unexplored areas. And this paper also reviews the utility of TS in various situations such as sampling procedures, data analyses, marine hard substrates etc. Besides these, the possible loss of information depending on the environment, if we use TS, is also elaborated here. The wide spread demise of taxonomic expertise in marine biological studies and assessment of proposal ofTS as a tool to describe the biodiversity at a taxonomic level higher than species are dealt in the conclusion.


New UBV-photometry obtained in 2000-2008 is presented for the post-AGB star IRAS 22272+5435=V354 Lac. The star showed semi-regular light variations with varying amplitudes. The maximal amplitude did not exceed 0.5 in V-band. For 2000-2008, we have found a photometric period near 128 days. The analysis of long-term observations in 1990-2008 reveals variations with two close periods: 128 and 131 days, causing amplitude modulation. The V-(B-V) diagram shows a clear correlation: the star is generally bluer when brighter. From our UBV data, we derive E(B-V)=0.5 and conclude that the spectral type of the star varies between K1 to K7 during pulsations. The mean UBV-data of V354 Lac have not changed during the past 19 years: V=8.60, B-V=2.06 and U-B=2.14.


Tattoos raise several medical concerns, including the potential for spreading blood-borne infection. Infection control measures typically used by professional tattooists include changing gloves between clients, hand and skin cleansing, and sterilization or single-use equipment (e.g. needles, tattoo guns, and ink supplies)1 however, such behavior is highly operator-dependent. The lack of aseptic technique in amateur tattoos results in greater risk of exposure to blood-borne diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, warts, tuberculosis, and others.1–6 While the prevalence of people with amateur tattoos is unknown, the number of virulent community-acquired pathogen outbreaks (e.g., methicillin-resistant staphylococcus infection) associated with amateur or unlicensed tattooists or to poor adherence to aseptic tattooing techniques is increasing.1

Migrant Latino farmworkers are one group of particular concern for the spread of blood-borne infection. Farmworkers live away from their home communities and families in crowded conditions that are conducive to the spread of infectious disease.7 Traditional beliefs about self-medication involving reuse and sharing of injection needles adds to the potential risks of spreading contagion in this population.8,9 We conducted an observational analysis of migrant Latino farmworkers to assess the prevalence and type (i.e. amateur) of tattooing in this immigrant population.

During the 2005 agricultural season, 304 farmworkers residing in 45 camps in nine North Carolina counties were interviewed. A standard set of 10 digital images was made of each farmworker and reviewed by a single research assistant to assess the frequency and type of tattoos in this population. Amateur tattoos were defined by the presence of a single blue-black color and broad lines with indistinct borders (figure 1). Professional tattoos were identified by their use of multiple colors, fine lines and details, and sharp, distinct borders.10

Figure 1

Amateur tattoo. Amateur tattoos are generally simple in appearance, without complex colors or design features. The lines within amateur tattoos tend to be thicker and less distinct than lines in professional tattoos.

In our study, participant age ranged from 18 to 45 years, years of education varied from 1 to 12. There was a broad range of Mexican state of origin (Figure 2), and the study population included individuals with and without H2A visas. Tattoos were identified in 19 (6%) of the participants. Three workers (1%) had only professional tattoos, thirteen others had only amateur tattoos (4.3%, figure 1), and three workers (1%) had both types. Farmworkers with tattoos had no distinguishing personal characteristics (Table 1). Only two farmworkers with tattoos (10.5%) spoke an indigenous language.

Figure 2

Map of Mexican States with the relative distribution of tattooed farmworkers. For two states, Zacatecas and Tlaxcala, two types of tattooing patterns exist.

Table 1

Personal Characteristics of Migrant Latino Farmworkers with Tattoos.


Abstract Post-AGB (PAGB) stars are luminous objects of low and intermediate mass in a final and short stage of evolution in the transition between AGB stars and planetary nebulae (PNe). In this work we present a quantitative spectral analysis of some hot PAGBs based on high resolution spectra. The stellar parameters and chemical composition were obtained from the synthesis of non-LTE spectra.


The electrical railway transport is more economical and environmental friendly mass transit. The electrical Railway traction system is a source of large varying non-linear loads and polluting the electrical system by means of harmonics. Usually power is taken between two phases, thereby causing substantial unbalance between phases in networks, originally not at all built for this kind of operation. The power quality of traction power supply system has some characteristics, low power factor, high content of negative sequence and harmonic currents because the speed and load are changing constantly. Unless remedial action is taken, the result will be deterioration of power quality, not only harmful traction system itself, but also prone to spreading through the supply grid, disturbing other users of power in the same grid. Hence, various topology of compensation of the power quality suitable for Indian railways were case study was done, is studied in this paper as a literature study.


This article holds that the rise of new interferism can be accounted for by internal and external causes. The influence of "universalism" life of values and the drive of national interest are causes at national level, and the fact that the display of power in the world obviously exercises overwhelmingly stronger influence in world affairs than the international law explains the rise at international level. New interference, in essence, goes against the request for a new world order based on equality in sovereign rights in such aspects as the commonly accepted values, international protection of human rights, as well as the world setup. With UN Charter as its legal foundation, the international law system is the basis on which to maintain world order. So it is utmost important that the legal authority of the UN should be well protected. And cautions should be taken to prevent the mass political propaganda from being taken hold of by possible craze of war aroused with political propaganda of interferism.


By use of X-ray texture analysis characteristic features of phase transformations in sheets,
tubes and welding seams of the Zr–2.5%Nb alloy were studied. Main attention was given
to inhomogeneity of phase transformation development, connected with inhomogeneous
distribution of strain hardening in grains with different crystallographic orientations. The
typical manifestation of phase transformation inhomogeneity in cold-rolled sheets is a
shift of the initial texture maximum to the region of increased strain hardening. In
channel tubes in consequence of phase transformations α−β−α
 the texture component
{112−0}〈101−0〉
 gains, testifying that tangential stresses favour corresponding alignment of
basal normals accompanied by absorption of grains with other orientations. Competition
between recrystallization and phase transformation in conditions of heating was considered.
As strain hardening increases, recrystallization prior to phase transformation
becomes more probable, being predominant within α-grains of some orientations. Parallel
development of recrystallization and phase transformation in the zone of thermal
influence by arc welding of rolled sheets was considered. It was shown that, as the distance
from the melting zone decreases, different combinations of these processes realize.


New experimental measurements (at 10 MPa and 323.15 K) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (at 10 MPa and 323.15 K, 50 MPa and 344.25 K, and 50 MPa and 375.5 K) are reported in order to measure/predict the aqueous solubilities of the ternary methane–carbon dioxide–water system under two-phase (vapor–liquid) equilibrium conditions. The TIP4P/ice, TraPPE-UA, and OPLS-UA force fields for water, carbon dioxide, and methane, respectively, are used, according to the modifications introduced in the recent study by Michalis et al. (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 23538–23548) for the binary methane–carbon dioxide hydrate. The MD calculated values for the solubility are in good agreement with the newly available experimental measurements. The molecular dynamics simulations clearly indicate that the solubility of each gas decreases by the addition of the other gas. The particular conclusion is in excellent agreement with the conclusion obtained from the new experimental measurements reported in the current s...


Considering of the formation switching problem of multi-NPC in MMOG,this paper puts forward a formation control strategy of multi-NPC based on Artificial Potential andTree Structure. According to the network game's characteristic ,we establishe moving model based on the artificial potential fiel; It uses the tree structure base on the leader - follower formation control method, and achieves multi-NPC' s formation switching through controlling NPC' s heading and speed with "distance-angle" motion control model. Experimental results show that this strategy enables NPCs to formation switching successfully, and it fulfills the real-time, realistic and challenging demand of the games.


In this work, we have evaluated the influence of concentration of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine solutions on pi-A isotherms, varying the pH of subphase. The obtained pi-A isotherms indicated the existence of different aggregation states and the dependence of area/molecule with the pH was established. There is an increase in the area/molecule for both pH = 5 and pH = 8 in low concentrations with a marked increase for the acid pH. Such trend has given such clearly evidence that proton (H+) effect in the chromophore macrocycle is potentially indicated for the pH-sensitive gas sensors.


This study was carried out at Faculdade de Medicina VeterinAEria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil, with the objective of evaluating the efficacy of four techniques in the assessment of tibial dyschondroplasia lesions in broiler chickens. Four hundred Cobb male chicks were reared from 1 to 39 days of age. At 39 days, forty birds were selected and tibial dyschondroplasia status was assessed by four different techniques: evaluation using the lixiscope, macroscopic examination, histological examination and bone mineral density assessment using optical radiographic densitometry. The efficacy of each technique to assess dyschondroplasia lesions in the tibial growth plate was determined in comparison to histology, which was considered to be 100% efficient. The correlation results between lixiscope analysis and histology were poor. Macroscopic scores and densitometry readings were highly correlated with histology scores, and it is considered that these techniques reliably reproduce the status of the growth plate.


The invention discloses a car lifting jack height sensor self-detecting method. The method comprises the steps of A, acquiring the number n1 of pulse signals of all height sensors at the beginning when an PLC starts to operate, and calculating the height values H1 of all lifting pillars according to n1; B, acquiring the number n2 of pulse signals of all height sensors currently when an acquisition time period ends, and calculating the height values H2 of all lifting pillars according to n2; calculating the height change values delta H (please see specification for the formula) of all lifting pillars within the time period according to the height values obtained at the two adjacent times; D, judging whether the height change value delta H of each lifting pillar is smaller than or equal to a set threshold value, and giving an alarm and controlling a system to stop running if the height change value delta H of any lifting pillar is smaller than or equal to the set threshold value. By the adoption of the technical scheme, a failed height sensor of a corresponding lifting pillar can be determined quickly, the control system is effectively prevented from being out of control due to failures of the height sensors, and failure investigation time is shortened for workers.


Based on spectroscopic data L-671,329, isolated from a filamentous fungus ATCC 20868, has been assigned the structure 1. The compound is a lipopeptide antifungal agent and a structural analog of echinocandin B.


BACKGROUND
Verrucous carcinoma is a slowly growing, well-differentiated neoplasm with a predilection for the oral cavity.

OBJECTIVE
Data on the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with oral verrucous carcinoma are very scarce. We searched for the presence of HPV in different stages of the tumour in a patient repeatedly treated by means of surgery, cryotherapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy over a decade.

METHODS
HPV DNA was detected in archival tumour tissue by nested PCR. HPV types were identified based on restriction fragment analysis.

RESULTS
HPV type 11 was found in 1 early-stage and HPV 16 in 2 late-stage biopsy specimens of the tumour.

CONCLUSION
Our findings provide further evidence for a role of HPV in oral verrucous carcinoma. The case history emphasizes the importance of a joint clinicopathological approach to this tumour.


In uniformly convex Banach spaces that satisfy Opial's condition or have Frechet differentiable norm,the author uses analysis method to establish a weak convergence theorem,which shows that the modified Ishikawa iterative sequence converges weakly to the fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings.


Objective To improve the effectiveness and visibility of metal shield. Methods Using nano composite plating technology,carbon nanotube was distributed on the surface of metal mesh. The microscopic structure,shielding effectiveness and visible light transmittance were then tested and analyzed. Results Carbon nanotube was evenly distributed on the surface. The shielding effectiveness was improved by 3 ~ 5 dB in the range of 10 kHz ~ 1 GHz. The visible light transmittance was reduced by 5% and the metallic luster was removed. Conclusion Carbon nanotubes could simultaneously improve the shielding effectiveness and the visibility.


Nearby History: Exploring the Past Around You by DAVID E. KYVIG and MYRON A. MARTY. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1982; xvi + 304 pp., photographs, chapter notes, appendices, picture credits, index; paperbound, $18.95. Local Schools: Exploring Their History by RONALD E. BUTCHART. The Nearby History Series, No. 1. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1986; xii + 124 pp., photographs, suggested reading, bibliographic essay, index; paperbound, $14.95. Houses and Homes: Exploring Their History by BARBARA J. HOWE, DoLORES A. FLEMING, EMORY L. KEMP, and RUTH ANN OVERBECK. The Nearby History Series, No. 2. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1987; xiv + 170 pp., suggested readings, photographs, figures, map, index; paperbound, $14.95. Public Places: Exploring Their History by GERALD A. DANZER. The Nearby History Series, No. 3. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1987; xiv + 138 pp., figures, suggested readings, photographs, appendices, index; paperbound, $14.95. Places of Worship: Exploring Their History by JAMES P. WIND. The Nearby History Series, No. 4. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1990; xxii + 146 pp., photographs, figures, suggested reading, appendices, index; paperbound, $14.95. Local Businesses: Exploring Their History by K. AUSTIN KERR, AMOS J. LOVEDAY, and MANSEL G. BLACKFORD. The Nearby History Series, No. 5. Nashville: American Association for State and Local History, 1990; xvi + 128 pp., photographs, figures, suggested reading, index; paperbound, $14.95.


The paper aims at demonstrating the cutting-edge tool for machine learning models explainability leveraging LightGBM modelling. The proposed methodology improves inference performance, training time and significantly reduces the "fitting-to-noise" problem for complex datasets, and additionally, grants more insight into model predictions. Discussed methodology is versatile and finds applications in processing big data sets from different fields of science, ranging from econometry to medical or SHM applications, in which networks of MEMS sensors are used.


Presents a mathematical model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor(PMLSM) at first,and then puts forward model of whole control system,elaborates the realization of some key parts and simulates it based on software of MATLAB.Through analyzing the simulation results,it can be seen that the model is correct,and the strategy of Direct Force Control(DFC) has good control performance.


Objective To establish the culture system of the rabblit annulus fibrosus cells supplying the seed cells for annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis tissue engineering.Methods The annulus fibrosus cells were isolated with enzyme digestion and grew as monolayer.The morphous,structure and biological characteristic were detected;and the phenotype was evaluated with the toluiding blue staining,and immunocytochemistry means detecion.Results The cells were cultured in monolayer with the round or polygona morphology.The cells displayed intense toluiding bule metachromasia.The cells expressed collagen type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ.The primary cells grew moire slowly than the first passage cells.Conclusion Rabbit annulus fibrsus cells can be cultured in vitro and it provides seed cells for annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis tissue engineering.


As the information superior party, the selling behavior of corporate executives has attracted close attention. And the market volatility caused by executive selling shares is the focus of research on executive selling shares, but no unanimous conclusion has been reached. Based on the listed companies from 2007 to 2018 as a research sample, we find that (1) Before executives sell, share prices tend to rise; after executives sell, the stock prices show a downward trend. (2) Compared with selling in the secondary market, the stock price have smaller fluctuations when executives use block transactions. (3) Compared with the enterprises with low information transparency, the price fluctuation of the enterprises with high information transparency will be smaller before and after the reduction of executives' holdings.


This article aims to explain how ‒ within an ultra-liberal economy with financial dominance and a semi-private State, that is functionally useful to this economy ‒ the frontier between the public and the private/mercantile spheres is being annulled. It also aims to show how an expansion of higher education is being promoted that remains elitist and highly qualified for a few, on the one side, and as a mass product and of low quality for many, on the other. This calls into question its intended democratization. The interpretation of the data concerning the legal status of the institutions and their respective enrollments, the concentration by area of knowledge, the presence of national and transnational investment funds associated to large companies in the education sector etc., allow the hypothesis that higher education, in Brazil, lives an intense process of transformation of a right into a merchandise.


1. Introduction PART I: ORGANIZED INTERESTS PRODUCE LEGISLATION 2. Political Institutions as Screening Devices 3. Electoral Rules and Interest Groups: the Mix of Direct and Indirect Taxation 4. Endogenous Regionalism's Free-Trade Bias: Special Interests in the EEC, 1968-1983 PART II: ORGANIZED INTERESTS ENFORCE LEGISLATION 5. Self-Regulation of the Medical and Legal Professions: Remaining Barriers to Competition and EC Law 6. Barriers to Entry and the Self-Regulating Profession: Evidence from the Market for Italian Accountants 7. Imperfect Competition in Certification Markets PART III: PRIVATE ORDERING AND SELF-REGULATION 8. Trust under Endogenous Transaction Costs 9. Self-Regulation of Pollution: The Role of Market Structure and Consumer Information 10. The Theory of Quality Regulation and Self-Regulation: Towards an Application to Financial Markets


Objective To discuss the therapy experience and problems appeaed in the treatment of esophageal malignant stricture with membrane covered self-expanding stent insertion. Method Collecting the information of 32 patients with esophageal malignant stricture, who were treated with membrane covered self-expanding stent insertion and analyze the data. Results 32 patients were inserted 33 membrane covered self-expanding stents totally and one case regulated the stent more than once. The following-up time was between 2 and 16 months, and the phenomena of dysphagia and obstruction improved obviously. Conclusion It is a secure and effective method to treat esophageal malignant stricture with membrane covered self-expanding stent insertion, and it is one of the most effective therapeutic tools that treat esophageal malignant stricture of advanced stage.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to observe the potential of machine vision (MV) approach for the classification of eight citrus varieties. The leaf images of eight citrus varieties that were grapefruit, Moussami, Malta, Lemon, Kinow, Local lemon, Fuetrells, and Malta Shakri. These were acquired by a digital camera in an open environment without any complex laboratory setup. The acquired digital images dataset was transformed into the multi-feature dataset that was the combination of binary, histogram, texture, spectral, rotational, scalability and translational (RST) invariant features. For each citrus leaf image, total 57 multi-features were acquired on every non-overlapping region of interest (ROI), i.e. (32x32), (64x64), (128x128), and (256x256). Furthermore, the optimized 15 features using the supervised correlation-based feature selection (CFS) technique were acquired. The optimized multi-features dataset to different MV classifiers namely Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), J48 and Naïve Bayes using10-fold cross-validation method were plugged-in. The results produced by MLP presented an average overall accuracy of 98.14% on ROIs (256x256) outperforming the other classifiers. The classification accuracy values by MLP on the eight citrus leaf varieties, namely; Grapefruit, Moussami, Malta, Lemon, Kinow, Local lemon, Fuetrells, and Malta Shakri were observed 98%, 98.75%, 99.25%, 97.5%, 97%, 95.87%, 95.5%, and 99.37% respectively.


We propose random ReLU features models in this work. Its motivation is rooted in both kernel methods and neural networks. We prove the universality and generalization performance of random ReLU features. Parallel to Barron's theorem, we consider the ReLU feature class, extended from the reproducing kernel Hilbert space of random ReLU features, and prove a strong quantitative approximation theorem, where both inner weights and outer weights of the the neural network with ReLU nodes as an approximator are bounded by constants. We also prove a similar approximation theorem for composition of functions in ReLU feature class by multi-layer ReLU networks. Separation theorem between ReLU feature class and their composition is proved as a consequence of separation between shallow and deep networks. These results reveal nice properties of ReLU nodes from the view of approximation theory, providing support for regularization on weights of ReLU networks and for the use of random ReLU features in practice. Our experiments confirm that the performance of random ReLU features is comparable with random Fourier features.


The invention relates to a monitoring method for long task operation between nodes in a cloud computing environment. The monitoring method comprises the steps of firstly establishing communication connection between a management node and an achievement node, then enabling the management node to generate a specific operation object, identifying the specific operation object as the long task operation according to requirements, and storing related information of the operation object of the long task operation into a task list in a database through the management node, enabling the achievement node to receive task information and judging whether the long task operation is long operate according to a task object, regularly sending long task inquiring requests to the achievement node after the management node successfully sends tasks to the achievement node, feeding back updated data information to the management node after the achievement nodes receives the inquiring requests, stopping carrying out the long task if the long task is not finished in overtime set by the management node, and returning carrying-out failure information to the management node. The monitoring method solves the problem of monitoring the long task operation in real time and can be used for monitoring the long task operation in cloud computing.


Results of relatively simple gaussian dispersion model are presented. This model, developed in the beginning of this decade, is suitable mainly for determination of spatial distributions of annual mean concentrations of such kinds of air-pollution as sulphur dioxide (S02), mixture of nitrogen oxides (NOx) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) from all types of emission sources located within the city - point sources, line sources and area sources. Model has been used in years 1994, 1996 and 1998 to assess the air-pollution distributions of the above mentioned kinds in the Prague area and the development of the air quality state. It contributed to the decision making process when possible impact of some changes in traffic system or in system of domestic heating, for example, has been investigated. In this contribution, behaviour of sulphur dioxide (S02) and mixture of nitrogen oxides (NOx) ground concentration distributions are analyzed with respect to changing emission situation in Prague in recent years. Results show that S02 ground concentration level decreases mainly due to changes in local heating methods and type of fuel used. Different trend can be seen in NOx ground concentrations thanks to rapid increase in the traffic density .


There are provided a computer program product, a system and method for managing data in a first cache and a second cache memory. In the second cache memory, a reference number for the page is managed when the page in the second cache memory is stored. It is noted that the page from the second cache memory is to be promoted to the first cache memory. In response to the determination that the reference count is greater than zero, the page (LRU) added to the end of the LRU list in the first cache memory to a Least Recently Used. In response to the determination that the reference count is less than or equal to zero, the page (LRU) added to the end of the LRU list in the first cache memory to a Most Recently Used.


The mechanical alloying process was developed during the early 1970s for the production of oxide dispersion strengthened superalloy powders [1]. It is performed in a high-energy ball mill, most frequently in a shaker mill (research scale) or an attritor grinding mill (industrial scale). The process consists of repeated mechanical mixing, cold welding, fracturing and rewelding of ultrafine alloy powder [1]. Mechanical alloying can produce homogenous alloys from elements that cannot be alloyed by diffusion, sintering or melting. Using this technique, it is possible to develop "synthetic" alloys with unique properties. Recently, Koch et al. [2] reported that amorphous Ni60Nb40 powders can be produced by mechanical alloying of crystalline pure nickel and niobium powders. Subsequently many amorphous binary metals alloys have been formed by mechanical alloying of the elemental powders [3-6]. All of these systems have large negative enthalpies of mixing and it is believed that the driving force for amorphization is essentially the same as in solid state interdiffusion reactions [7]. However, a survey of the available literature indicates that little work has been carried out on the amorphization of Ni-Ta binary alloy by mechanical alloying of elemental Ni and Ta powders. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to study the preparation of amorphous Ni-Ta powders by mechanical alloying of elemental Ni and Ta powders using a planetary ball mill. Elemental powders of Ni (99.9%, <325 mesh) and Ta (99.98%, <325 mesh) were accurately weighted to give the desired compositions: NixTal00_ x (x = 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80). The preweighed powder mixtures were canned into an SKH 9 high speed steel vial together with CR steel balls (10 mm in diameter) under argon atmosphere within a glove box. The ball-to-powder weight ratio was 5:1. A Fritsch P7 planetary ball mill was employed for the mechanical alloying process. The mill was installed inside a glove box in order to control the milling atmosphere. An oxygen analyser was used to detect the oxygen content of the glove box. The mechanical alloying process was started when the analyser indicated that the oxygen content was undetectable. A suitable quantity of the mechanically alloyed powders was taken out of the steel vial periodically to observe the progress of alloying by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy. The X-ray investigation was performed in a Rigaku D/MAX IIIA diffractometer using CuKo~ radiation with a nickel filter. The stability of the amorphous


We explore critical properties of two-dimensional lattices of spins interacting via an anisotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian that are subject to incoherent spin flips. We determine the steady-state solution of the master equation for the density matrix via the corner-space renormalization method. We investigate the finite-size scaling and critical exponent of the magnetic linear susceptibility associated with a dissipative ferromagnetic transition. We show that the von Neumann entropy increases across the critical point, revealing a strongly mixed character of the ferromagnetic phase. Entanglement is witnessed by the quantum Fisher information, which exhibits a critical behavior at the transition point, showing that quantum correlations play a crucial role in the transition.


Bile acids are known to promote colon carcinogenesis. However, there is one study showing that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) supplemented in the diet at the concentration of 0.4% prevented azoxymethane‐induced rat colon tumorigenesis. The aim of our study was to explore the inhibitory effect of a much smaller dose of UDCA on colon carcinogenesis in rats. One hundred 7‐week‐old F344 rats were given 2 mg of N‐methylnitrosourea 3 times a week for 3 weeks by intrarectal instillation, and were fed a 0% (control), 0.4% or 0.08% UDCA‐supplemented diet for the next 27 weeks. All the rats were killed and examined for tumor development at week 30. The tumor incidence and number were significantly lower and smaller, respectively, in the UDCA‐fed rats than in the control rats: 40% and 36% vs. 68%; 0.5±0.1 (mean±SEM) and 0.4±0.1 vs. 1.0±0.2. All the tumors were located in the distal half of the colon and were plaque‐shaped or polypoid, being well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas restricted to the mucosa or submucosa. Bile acids in the feces and the blood obtained at weeks 20 and 30, respectively, were analyzed by HPLC. A significant increase of UDCA was confirmed in both the faces and the blood of the UDCA‐fed rats compared with the control rats. The results suggest that the continuous feeding of a small dose of UDCA may prevent colon carcinogenesis.


To solve the problems of the current situation of the development of animal industry,some suggestions were given with data in Tianjin. The way was promote scientific and technological progress actively, animal husbandry industrialization, epidemic disease control and setup safety system of animal products, found high end brand and built recycling economy of animal husbandry.


The DBS3 optimizer demonstrates solutions to cost modeling problems posed by a rich execution model. The optimizer models various execution plan formats, including bushy and zigzag trees, and pipelining is an important aspect of the cost model.