Introduction. Dynamical phase transitions are often associated with a singular response of the dynamical largedeviation functions of a model, particularly a kink of the scaled cumulant-generating function (SCGF) [1–8]. Such kinks are usually said to indicate the existence of a first-order dynamical phase transition and accompanying dynamical phase coexistence [1, 8], by analogy with equillibrium systems [9, 10]. Kinks can emerge in various settings, including the small-rate (reducible) limits of microscopic models [11–15], and the large-size limit of latticeor off-lattice models [1, 7, 16]. There is not universal agreement about when the label "dynamical phase transition" applies: some authors consider to the term to be appropriate only in the large-size limit of a many-body system [16]; some consider that it also applies in the large-size limit of a one-body system [2, 3]; and some apply the term to systems of finite size [4, 5]. My view is that the setting in which the singularity emerges is less important than the phenomenology of the underlying model, which in some cases resembles that of an equilibrium system with distinct phases and in some cases does not. In this note I want to make a technical point about how dynamical phase transitions are diagnosed, comment on existing classification schemes, and offer some suggestions for how to clarify the nature of systems that display these kinks.


This paper provides a brief overview of the functions and responsibilities carried out by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority - AMSA. Port State control (PSC) is examined from an historic and global perspective. The development of the PSC regional agreements is explored. Australia's relationship with the Asia Pacific MOU for PSC is discussed. Port State control in Australia is then examined in detail. Here the paper looks at the overall conduct of PSC in Australia, how PSC inspections are conducted and the outcome of these inspections. The paper then goes on to examine the risk managements approach that AMSA is taking in selecting ships for PSC inspection, giving details of the statistical analysis of AMSA PSC inspections from 1996 to 2000 that has been carried out during 2000and 2001. Finally the paper concludes in that it needs to be remembered that port State control is an imperfect system operating in an imperfect world. It is neither a cure all nor does it absolve others from their responsibilities. The active participation and recognition of their responsibilities is needed from, ship operators, owners, charterers, underwriters, classification societies, and flag States if the eradication of substandard shipping is to be achieved.


Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) provide promisingly, organic–inorganic, clean hybrid, cost effective and efficient molecular solar cell devices. Due to their distinct and multifunctional qualities, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures are promising materials used to create photoanodes for DSSCs due to the availability of larger surface area than bulk sheet substance, effectual light-dispersing centers, and when mixed with titanium dioxide they produce a core–shell formation that diminishes the coalition rate and provide direct charge. Moreover, ZnO thin sheets have been broadly observed due of its potential application in various fields i.e. piezoelectric, photovoltaic, pyroelectric and optoelectronic utilization. This review studies the recent advances in the fabrication of zinc oxide-based photovoltaics; synthesis of ZnO nanostructures with variable morphologies including thin sheets, nanotubes, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanofibers and factors that control the growth and morphologies of these nanospecies and part of crystallographic planes for the fabrication of various zinc oxide nanoshapes. In the next part of this paper, numerous fabrication routes — doped and undoped ZnO thin films — are discussed and different parameters of photovoltaics are investigated, e.g. efficiency pre and post annealing temperatures, fill factors spinning speed and coating time, additives, nature of precursor which impacts on morphological and optical parameters of these sheets. In short, this review is dedicated to the ZnO photoanode, its properties, issues related to ZnO photoanode, various improvement approaches, fabrication methods successfully trialled so far followed by market potential of the DSSC technology, conclusion and recommendations


University education develops two qualities in students: clarity of thought and intellectual curiosity. The student whose thinking is con fused is not a true student and the student who does not possess an inquiring mind is also not a true student. The highest form of educa tion, therefore, consists of encouraging stu dents to ask questions and of searching for ac curate answers. Here a university library plays an important role because it is not only the place to train students for acquiring logical and accurate thinking processes, but also the place for them to ask questions and to search for answers. A university librarian helps the students develop their thinking process and teaches them a working knowledge of a uni versity library, including its tools needed for seeking answers. Without going into any theory of education, the word "teaching" is used here to mean the ways of making something known to others. The person may explain or show something and point out certain features of it; he may find something in a publication and interpret it for use. When he behaves in these ways, we say he is a teacher, and that he is teaching. From this common sense concept of "teach ing," I believe that the skillful librarian is vital to every dynamic library teaching practice. Fa cilities, tools, and equipment are also needed, but without the librarian's competence in the art of teaching, no practice can be completely successful. We can not assume that because a librarian knows his subject matter, he is able to teach. There are many arts or tricks in teaching. This paper aims to expound some of my own reflec tions on human nature, learning process, and teaching in relation to library reference work. In order to understand human nature, we must recognize two truths: (1) all people are different and (2) we are often unaware in what way, to what degree, and why people are different. We are all acting and reacting in an environment that is seen from our own point of view. I often think that one common diffi culty with the librarian is that he is unable to put himself in the student's place and to feel what he feels. He often talks as though he were talking to another librarian. As a result, he can not make the student understand what he is talking about. Furthermore, human be ings are often likely to be frustrated. Frustra tion occurs whenever there is conflict between an individual's desire and the complicated world to which he must conform. The common frustrations inflicted on students in the library, according to my observation, are (1) imper sonal things, e.g. books out of sequence, books lost, duplicating machine out of order, etc.; (2) rules and regulations, most of them are necessary for everyone. But at the same time, these regulations seriously interfere with what we as individuals want or want to do from time to time. Although people may help us ob tain our goals, they may also stand in our way. The people enforcing the regulations, whether they are instructors or librarians, become a source of frustration; (3) the students' own limitations. Students are often frustrated when they are not able to accomplish tasks readily 273


journal of visual culture [http://vcu.sagepub.com] Copyright © 2007 SAGE Publications (Los Angeles, London, New Delhi and Singapore) Vol 6(3): 395–418 [1470-4129(200712)6:3]10.1177/1470412907084515 First settled by the Portuguese in 1557, Macau's position at the mouth of China's Pearl River Delta enabled it to play a significant role in the early development of trading and other links between East Asia and Europe. However, its pivotal role was already threatened by the 18th century following the Japanese prohibition on foreign trade, and after the establishment of the British colony of Hong Kong in the mid-19th century it was to become of even less significance in global terms. This 'backwater' status of Macau as a small, isolated, culturally distinct European settlement on Chinese soil was to largely persist until its eventual return to Chinese sovereignty in December 1999, as a Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China. Such a 'return' is hardly a post-colonial moment in the usual sense (there being no independent statehood on offer), but the handover of Macau from Portugal to China does represent the ending of an era, and has occasioned a major and very visible remaking of the territory. This process of transformation will be the focus of attention of both this text and its accompanying photo essay, and particular consideration will be given to the visual implications or dimensions of this process, and to the possible interrogative role of images.1


Abrishami, Oortwijn, and Hofman (AOH) attribute to me a position I do not hold and an argument I did not make. The purpose of this note is make clear what my position actually is and to clarify the main differences between health technology assessment (HTA) and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA).


An insole type apparatus and a gait analysis method for gait analysis are provided. The insole-type device for gait analysis according to one embodiment includes at least one pressure sensor for measuring pressure information applied to the insole-type device by a user wearing the insole device for gait analysis; An inertial sensor for measuring at least one of motion information according to the leg motion of the user and tilt information of the insole device; And a communication unit for wirelessly transmitting at least one of the measured pressure information, the motion information, and the inclination information to the walking aid.


A minimal-parameter tight-binding theory incorporating explicit use of nonorthogonality of the basis, is used to generate a transferable scheme for silicon. Good results are obtained for band structure, phase diagram, and bulk phonons. The diamond structure is found to be the ground state even when compared with the clathrate structure. The results for clusters show good agreement with [ital ab] [ital initio] predictions. The theory differs from the conventional orthogonal schemes in three main respects: (1) only three adjustable parameters are employed, (2) no artificial cutoff is used for interactions and, (3) the need for a coordination-dependent energy term has been obviated for clusters of any size.


Introduction MOLECULAR SYSTEM BIOENERGETICS: BASIC PRINCIPLES, ORGANISATION AND DYNAMICS OF CELLULAR ENERGETICS Cellular Energy Metabolism and Integrated Oxidative Phosphorylation Organization and Regulation of Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Integrated and Organized Cellular Energetic Systems: Theories of Cell Energetics, Compartmentation and Metabolic Channeling On the Network Properties of Mitochondria Structural Organization and Dynamics of Mitochondria in the Cells In Vivo ENERGY TRANSFER NETWORKS, METABOLIC FEEDBACK REGULATION AND MODELING OF CELLULAR ENERGETICS Mitochondrial VDAC and its Complexes Phospho-Creatine Circuit: Integration of Adenylate Kinase, Glycolytic and Glycogenolytic Circuits in Cellular Energetics Signaling by AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Developmental and Functional Consequences of Disturbed Energetic Communication in Brain of Creatine Kinase Deficient Mice System Analysis of Cardiac Energetics - Excitation-Contraction Coupling Principles of Mathematical Modeling and In Silico Studies of Integrated Systems of Cellular Energetics Modeling Energetics of Ion Transport, Membrane Sensing and System Biology of the Heart APPLIED MOLECULAR SYSTEM BIOENERGETICS Mitochondrial Adaptation to Exercise and Training - A Physiological Approach Mitochondrial Medicine: The Central Role of Cellular Energetic Depression and Mitochondria in Cell Pathophysiology Tumour Cell Energetic Metabolome AMPK and the Metabolic Syndrome A Systems Biology Perspective of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes


We compare various time-gated and discrete-time methods for extracting the decay constant from an exponential signal, typical of fluorescence lifetime (FLIM) instruments, as well as a host of other physical phenomena. Analytical methods are evaluated for accuracy and precision as well as for computational and sampling efficiency.


Prospecting in the mining area has developed into a new stage remarked by comprehensive exploration and systematic evaluation.The comprehensive prospecting implemented around the Dajing mine has been chosen as a case example.The basic methods and key scientific problem for comprehensive exploration in the mining area include,outlining mineralized boundary to guide prospecting nearby existing ore bodies,searching new metallogenic center to guide outside prospecting,strengthening comprehensive research and systematic evaluation to guide discovery of new types of ore deposits,and re-evaluating and synthesis using mineral resources in the mining area.The comprehensive exploration would enhance prospecting achievements in new round exploration in the mining area,and provide sustainability of mine products.


In the fabricating process,low speed of removing oxide scale on the surface of nickel alloy wire has resulted in low manufacturing efficiency and high cost.Fast electrochemical polishing technology was studied using weight-loss method and smooth finish test in this paper.The effect of the composition of the polishing solution and the process parameters on the polishing quality of the nickel alloy wire was analyzed.The result show that the main ingredient of the most effective and rapid polishing solution is phosphoric acid with the addition of polishing accelerating agents of A and B.Additive A is mainly organic alcohol,which can reduce the viscosity of the solution and improve the penetration ability of polishing solution.Additive B is acid catalyst,which can accelerate the separation of H2,reduce polarization of the cathode and diffusion resistance of polishing medium and improve the liquid mixing function.The oxide scale on the surface of the nickel alloy wire was completely removed in 85% phosphoric acid adding 9% A and 60 g/L B with polishing time of 30 s,at current density of 20 A/dm2 and polishing temperature of 30-50 ℃.With polishing time of 60 s,the surface of the nickel alloy wire reached the first grade of polishing degrees.


The diffraction of x-rays in crystalline materials is governed by the amplitudes of the Fourier transform of the electron density, commonly called the structure factors. A change in these amplitudes can be induced by a high-power laser and can lead to a number of interesting effects, like a sweep of the beam propagation direction that could be used for a device for time-resolved x-ray detection that bears some similarity to a streak camera and can potentially reach few-femtosecond resolution. Another effect that becomes relevant on subpicosecond timescales is the generation of frequency-shifted x-rays, which could be used in Mossbauer spectroscopy, or for the concentration of x-ray photons into a narrow energy band. Even small changes in the structure factors can produce a large effect through coherent interaction with the x-rays in a large crystalline volume. A theoretical treatment, based on the Takagi-Taupin theory of dynamical diffraction, is presented.


Lipid peroxidation is an important part of the pathological pathway of membrane damage in membranes that have high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids. Neural membranes are particularly rich in polyunsaturated acids and such damage is implicated in neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. To obtain a bilayer model that represents the property of susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a bilayer of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (PLPC). Parameters for the torsional potentials of the cis,cis-Δ9,12 bis-allylic region of the linoleate chain were fitted to the results of high-level ab initio calculations on model compounds. The MD simulations of the bilayer provided the structural properties of the system and show that the unsaturation induces disorder and affects the physical properties of the membrane.


Abstract Let A and B be C*-algebras, let X be an essential Banach A-bimodule and let T : A → B and S : A → X be continuous linear maps with T surjective. Suppose that T(a)T(b) + T(b)T(a) = 0 and S(a)b + bS(a) + aS(b) + S(b)a = 0 whenever a, b ε A are such that ab = ba = 0. We prove that then T = wΦ and S = D + Ψ, where w lies in the centre of the multiplier algebra of B, Φ: A → B is a Jordan epimorphism, D: A → X is a derivation and Ψ: A → X is a bimodule homomorphism.


This article uses observations of 4 second- and third-grade teachers who had volunteered to participate in a 5-year staff development program designed to help teachers develop strategic readers to illustrate the difficulty teachers have (1) focusing low achievers on the process of being strategic rather than on the labels for various strategies, (2) helping low achievers understand the mental processing involved in being strategic, and (3) using authentic literacy tasks to teach strategy instruction. The guiding question was why instruction designed to produce strategic readers resulted in low achievers' post-lesson interview responses that were inconsistent with the Pressley, Goodchild, Fleet, Zajchowski, and Evans concept of a "global good strategy user." The 4 teachers' strategy lessons were studied during 1 year, and, following each observed lesson, the lowest achievers in each classroom were interviewed to determine their understanding of what they were supposed to learn. The lesson observations and 19 students' interview responses suggest a need to reexamine assumptions about the nature of strategy instruction and about how to prepare teachers to engage in such instruction.


9.3 Why Community-Driven Development? ................................................................................................... 4 9.3.1 Complements market and public sector activities ............................................................................ 4 9.3.2 Enhances sustainability......................................................................................................................... 5 9.3.3 Improves efficiency and effectiveness................................................................................................. 6 9.3.4 Allows poverty reduction efforts to be taken to scale....................................................................... 7 9.3.5 Makes development more inclusive of the interests of poor people and vulnerable groups ..... 7 9.3.6 Empowers poor people, builds social capital, and strengthens governance ................................. 7 9.4 Alternative Institutional Arrangements ..................................................................................................... 8 9.4.1 Partnerships between CBOs and local or municipal governments............................................... 12 9.4.2 Partnerships between CBOs and private support organizations (NGOs or private firms) ....... 13 9.4.3 Direct partnership between CBOs and central government or central fund............................... 15 9.4.4 Choosing institutional arrangements that fit country context....................................................... 16 9.5 Multisector and Single-Sector Instruments .............................................................................................. 18 9.5.1 Benefits of multisector instruments................................................................................................... 18 9.5.2 Benefits of single-sector instruments................................................................................................. 18 9.6 Financing Options........................................................................................................................................ 19 9.6.1 Leveraging private and community financing ................................................................................ 19 9.6.2 Developing a financing strategy ........................................................................................................ 21 9.7 Principles for Sustainability and Effectiveness ........................................................................................ 21 9.7.1 Establish an enabling environment through relevant institutional and policy reform.............. 22 9.7.2 Make investments responsive to informed demand....................................................................... 24 9.7.3 Build participatory mechanisms for community control and stakeholder involvement........... 24 9.7.4 Ensure social and gender inclusion ................................................................................................... 24 9.7.5 Invest in capacity building of CBOs .................................................................................................. 25 9.7.6 Facilitate community access to information ..................................................................................... 26 9.7.7 Develop simple rules and strong incentives, supported by monitoring and evaluation........... 27 9.7.8 Maintain flexibility in design of arrangements................................................................................ 28 9.7.9 Design for scaling up........................................................................................................................... 28 9.7.10 Invest in an exit strategy ..................................................................................................................... 29 References ................................................................................................................................................................. 30


A survey on the prescribing pattern of H1‐antihistamine preparations was carried out in four socio‐economic areas in Liverpool: the City Centre, an Affluent Area, a Poor area and a Council Estate. The purpose of this study was to find out which H1‐antihistamines were prescribed from the wide range available; to discover if there was a trend in the use of these agents over a 12‐month period and to suggest possible explanations for these findings. The majority of H1‐antihistamine preparations were prescribed in the Affluent Area followed by the City Centre, Poor Area and the Council Estate. In all four areas, over 7·0% of all total items dispensed in a year contained H1‐antihistamine drugs, and the lowest use (3·7–9·2%) fell in the summer months while the highest use was in January (8·2–14·1% of items containing H1‐antihistamine dispensed per month). Thus the general trend in the use of these drugs may not follow the trend of the hay fever season and it is probably true that H1‐antihistamines were more frequently prescribed for treatment of other conditions (common cough and cold) than rhinitis alone. The most widely prescribed classes of H1‐antihistamines were alkylamines and ethanolamines, followed by the phenothiazines and ethylenediamines while the piperazines were not prescribed. Triprolidine, diphenhydramine, promethazine and brompheniramine were the top four most widely prescribed drugs.


Abstract This article presents an analytic approach to the study of gender meaning in an academic context. In the presentation empirical material from an interview study among 29 Danish male and female university students is applied. The analytic approach is based on the conception of gender meaning as a culturally constructed phenomenon in continuous process. Current gender meaning is seen as a construction based on the idea of coherence between the gendered sign on the body and a variety of components including sexual and professionally related aspects. The connections between body sign and the components as well as among the components themselves are a continuous goal of negotiation processes among the male and female students.


Committee, O. P. U. O. E. (2008). Changing the Conversation : Messages for Improving Public Understanding of Engineering. Washington, US: National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com Demetry, C., Hubelbank, J. Blaisdell, S. L., Sontgerath, S., Nicholson, M.E., Rosenthal, E., & Quinn, P. (2009). Supporting young women to enter engineering: Long-term effects of a middle school Engineering outreach program for girls. Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering, 15(2), 119-142. doi:10.1615/JWomenMinorScienEng.v15.i2.20 Sparking Interest in Robotics for Women Vandana Anand (CS), Joseph Turcotte (CS), Kassidy Utheim (ME), and Carol Wang (CS) Advisors: Professor Joseph Beck (CS) and Professor Robert Traver (US) PLA: Carolyn Detora (ME)


When a plaque-purified strain of reovirus type 3 (Dearing strain) degraded during storage, electron micrographs of the degraded virion were made which clearly demonstrated the substructural components of the outer capsid.


We experimentally demonstrated the cladding modes of a superstructure fiber grating can be coupled back to the core mode by applying both transverse and longitudinal acoustic waves for the function of wavelength-switchable comb filters.


OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for clinical rational use of Amphotericin B for injection in the treatment of patients with HIV /AIDS accompanied with deep fungal infection. METHODS:The clinical data of 3 202 patients with HIV /AIDS hospitalized in our hospital from Jan. 2010 to Feb. 2012 were collected;the occurrence and the prevention of the adverse drug reactions(ADR)in those patients with accompanied deep fungal infection were analyzed. RESULTS:948 patients(29.61%)had accompanied deep fungal infection and 899 patients received Amphotericin B for injection,with 18(2.00%)presented with ADR that manifested mainly as fever,diarrhea,pruritus,abnormal liver function and blood system toxicity,yet the ADR were reduced in incidence or alleviated after timely drug withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Although with frequent ADR presence,Amphotericin B for injection has proved efficacy and it serves as a safe,effective and economical choice in the treatment of HIV /AIDS accompanied with deep fungal infections. Treatment process can go smoothly as long as with rational use of drugs,close monitoring of disease progression after medication,early detection of ADR and timely and effective countermeasures as well as psychological care throughout the treatment course.


Modern mobile devices store an abundance of information. However, users do not yet obtain satisfactory support for controlling what applications do with their personal data. In this article, we propose Cassandra, a tool that allows users to verify Android apps against their security needs before installation. Cassandra implements the core functionality of a conventional app store, augmented with the possibility to verify user-defined security policies. Cassandra's security analysis is fully automatically performed on a server. The analysis results are communicated to a mobile device using the proof-carrying code paradigm.


Nothing however seems to be able to stop this permanent quest for regional solidarity initiated by the first socio-political movements of the 18 and 19 Centuries. The culminant points of these two historically extraordinary events are and remain the American and Haitian Revolutions which have strongly shaken the colonial yoke of the Caribbean. The Caribbean however was soon to become the theater of struggle for influence between the former colonial powers and the emerging new empires.


The qin-storytelling in different areas is a kind of Chinese folk art form, which developed from process of civilian artist sung the tune system of folk song in the Dynasties of Ming and Qing, mainly accompany by yangqi. The papers discussed its accompany instrument yangqin, the category of qin-storytelling, and its communication as well.


Coat protein mediated protection results in delay of symptoms and lower virus concentration within tobacco plants. In this study, plants of two transgenic Nicotiana tabacwn cv. 'Xanthi' lines expressing the soybean mosaic virus coat protein (SMVCP) were inoculated with four potyviruses: potato virus Y (PVY), tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV), tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV), and tobacco etch virus (TEV). Protection varied from no delay in disease development to protection for up to 20 days. Xanthi was determined not to be a good host for TVMV since controls became only mildly infected. With PVY there was no delay in disease development seen in either of the transgenic tobacco lines. Symptom expression was moderately lessened with challenge of TVBMV, however virus accumulation was decreased only slightly. Strong protection was observed with TEV for 20 days in both transgenic lines. The type of protection shown with TEV would be highly desirable in an economic cultivar of tobacco. Therefore, binary vector pBI2-21B carrying the SMV-CP gene was used to transform several lines of Nicotiana tabacwn cv. 'Burley'. Transformation of tobacco was via Agrobacteriwn twnefaciens carrying pBI2-21B and plants regenerated by standard tissue culture methods. Transformed tobaccos were identified during the Ro generation using Protein A Sandwich-ELISA, PGR, and Southern blot analysis. These techniques preliminarily allow for early identification of


In this paper, a class of inertial neural networks with bounded time-varying delays and unbounded continuously distributed delays are explored by applying non-reduced order method. Based upon differential inequality techniques and Lyapunov function method, a new sufficient condition is presented to ensure all solutions of the addressed model and their derivatives converge to zero vector, which refines some previously known researches. Moreover, a numerical example is provided to illustrate these analytical conclusions.


High-order simulation of flows containing shock waves is an extremely difficult task due to the discontinuous changes in flow properties across the shock. The present work investigates a shock-detecting sensor for filtering of high-order compact finitedifference schemes to examine the shock-capturing in direct simulation of NavierStokes solver. Based on the accuracy and minimum dissipation error, the shockdetecting sensor is selected for the DNS studies. The implementation of high resolution simulations using sixth-order compact schemes with a fourth-order tworegister Runge-Kutta method is validated through selective test problems. Through several numerical experiments (including an inviscid shock/vortex interaction, a viscous shock/vortex interaction, and a shock/mixing layer interaction) the accuracy of the nonlinear filter is examined. The results indicate that the shock-detecting sensor works well, and can be used for future simulations of turbulent flows containing shocks.


Diabase and basalt were reacted with Na-Ca-K-Cl fluids of seawater chlorinity at 375–425°C, 375–400 bars, and fluid/rock mass ratios of 0.5–1.0 to assess the role of basalt chemistry and texture on Sr and Ca mobility during high-temperature hydrothermal alteration. An additional experiment, utilizing an 84Sr spiked fluid, was performed to help quantify reaction rates of processes affecting Sr mobility. The experimental results help to constrain reaction processes responsible for the chemistry of hot spring fluids at midocean ridges. Alteration of basalt and diabase is characterized by formation of tremolite-actinolite-smectite-chlorite and clinozoisitic epidote-smectite-chlorite, respectively. Diabase alteration produced dissolved Sr/Ca ratios similar to those observed for ridge crest hot spring fluids, whereas alteration of a mostly crystalline basalt produced significantly lower ratios. This observation supports the premise that the Sr/Ca ratios observed in vent fluids may be produced during deep-seated reaction of the hydrothermal fluids with diabase dikes and/or gabbro at relatively low fluid/rock ratios and suggests that hydrothermal alteration of primary igneous minerals at relatively high temperatures (400°C) leads to formation of a mineral with low DSr/Ca, Possibly hydrothermal plagioclase. Results of the 84Sr spiked experiment indicated that only 4% of the Sr in basalt was mobilized after 800 hours of reaction despite the fact that B and Li were nearly quantitatively leached. It is thus suggested that B and Li are good indicators of the amount of fresh rock encountered by fluids, while Sr concentration and isotopic data can be used to estimate the degree of alteration that the Sr-bearing primary minerals have undergone. The degree of alteration of subsurface reservoirs may be estimated by dividing the fluid/rock ratio obtained for highly mobile elements by the fluid/rock ratio obtained from path-integrated Sr isotope and concentration data. Based on this method, for example, it can be estimated that only 5% of the primary Sr-bearing minerals encountered by fluids in the subsurface at EPR 21°N are actually converted to secondary phases.


Quantifying variability of forested riparian buffer (FRB) vegetation structure with variation in adjacent land use supports an understanding of how anthropogenic disturbance influences the ability of riparian systems to perform ecosystem services. However, quantifying FRB structure over large regions is a challenge and requires efficient data collection and processing methods that integrate conventional in situ vegetation sampling with remote sensing data. This study uses automated algorithms to process airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data for mapping of riparian vegetation height, canopy cover and corridor width along 5,900 transects using methods validated in 80 mensuration plots in central Pennsylvania, USA. The key objective of this study was to use airborne LiDAR data to quantify differences in edge vs interior vegetation structure as influenced by buffer width and adjacent land use type, continuously throughout a watershed. Riparian vegetation height, canopy cover and buffer width were ...


Not just whether nuclear power stations should be restarted, but how local agreement over the restart should be achieved has been controversial issues in Japan since the Fukushima Nuclear Di-saster. In this paper, public attitudes towards local agreement in the case of Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plants are explored with a postal questionnaire survey in Shizuoka prefecture. Through descriptive statistics and factor analysis, the study shows that extending the "local" scale and judgement by ordi-nary citizens is given more support than the conventional local agreement process. Factor analysis reveals three factors behind respondents' attitudes towards local agreement: "conventional decision-makers", "narrow localism" and "national interests". The analysis of the factor scores reveals that attitudes towards local agreement differ depending on attitudes towards the restart of the plant and the prefectural referendum, as well as generation, while no significant difference is found among gen ders and residential areas excluding the second factor. By clarifying the public attitudes towards how local agreement should be made, this study makes a significant step toward the design of a socially more agreeable local agreement.


The year 1943 was the most important in the history of development in the southeastern United States: five new fields were discovered, four in Mississippi and one in Florida; of first importance, however, was the promise of new large reserves reaching along the Gulf Coast from the Mississippi River to the tip of peninsular Florida.


We report large transport critical current densities observed in Ag-added (Ba,K)Fe2As2 superconducting wires prepared by an ex-situ powder-in-tube (PIT) process. The wire has a simple composite structure sheathed only by Ag. A precursor bulk material prepared by a melting process was ground into powder and put into a Ag tube. The composite was then cold worked into a wire and heat treated at 850 °C for sintering. Transport critical current densities, Jc, at 4.2 K are 1.0×104 A/cm2 (Ic = 60.7 A) in self field and 1.1×103 A/cm2 (Ic = 6.6 A) in 10 T. These are the highest values reported so far for the Fe-based superconducting wires.


Study Background:The responsibility of nurses is to provide and maintain oral health in healthy/unhealthy individuals, to help those without this habit to achieve oral health habits, to prevent the complications caused by drug treatment and to provide patient counseling services and education. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect(s) of regular oral care which made use of a solution that contained aloe vera in the treatment of patients with COPD suffering from mucositis.
Methods: This study is an experimental research consisting of an experiment and a control group. The study was planned as an experimental research and was conducted between March and July, 2009. The research was conducted in a tertiary, education and research hospital in Erzurum, Turkey. Patients in the research group (experimental group) were provided with regular oral care with a solution of 0.5 % "aloe vera" for 15 days, three times a day (3x1). Oral changes of both groups were examined by the researcher using visual inspection, and oral mucositis scores were registered in the "Researcher's Mucositis Index" on the 1st day (Day 1) and 15th day (Day 15). The patients in both groups were asked to write their complaints in the "Patient Complaint Index" (PCI) on a daily basis. Percentages, chi-square, mean, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to evaluate the data.
Results and Conclusion: On completion of the research both the complaint scores and oral mucositis levels decreased notably in the experimental group as a result of the oral care which made use of the aloe vera solution.


entire country with C.D. blocks by October 1963. The Conference recommended that this should be regarded as an emergency measure and that there should be only one such course in the States concerned. The possibility of increasing the capacity of some of the existing Gram Sevak Training Centres and appointing additional staff to handle the increased number of trainees might also be examined. 4. A special course may be devised for the training of instructors of Gram Sevak Training Centre which would be set apart for the training of V.L.Ws in tribal areas. 5. The Conference recommended that Panchayati Raj Training Centres should be run by suitable non-official voluntary organisations, and in States where such orgaiiisations do not exist, they may be run by the Zila Parishads (if the existing laws permit Zila Parishads to take up such functions). If neither of these is possible the Conference recommended that the Panchayati Raj Training Centres may be run by a joint Committee of the Panchayat Samitis concerned. 6. The Conference recognised the need for drawing up a detailed schedule of courses to be drawn up in advance both for institutional and peripatetic training at these Panchayati Raj Training Centres. 7. The Conference recommended that the Development Commissioners should review periodically the progress in the implementation of other training programmes.


Object recognition is one of the challenging application of computer vision, which has been widely applied in many areas for e.g. autonomous cars, Robotics, Security tracking, Guiding Visually Impaired Peoples etc. With the rapid development of deep learning many algorithms were improving the relationship between video analysis and image understanding. All these algorithms work differently with their network architecture but with the same aim of detecting multiple objects within complex image. Absence of vision impairment restraint the movement of the person in an unfamiliar place and hence it is very essential to take help from our technologies and trained them to guide blind peoples whenever they need. This paper proposes a system that will detect every possible day to day multiple objects on the other hand promt a voice to alert person about the near as well as farthest objects around them. In this paper system is developed using two different algorithms i.e. Yolo and Yolo_v3 and tested under same criterias to measure the accuracy and performance. In Yolo Tensor flow _SSD _Mobile Net model and in Yolo_v3 Dark net model is used. To get the audio Feedback gTTS (Google Text to Speech), python library used to convert statements into audio speech. To play the audio pygame python module is used. Testing of both the algorithms is done on MS-COCO Dataset consist of more than 200 K images. Both the algorithms are analysed using webcam in various situations to measure accuracy of the algorithm in every possibility.


Many local church pastors spend a portion of their professional time each week in counseling with parishioners. The importance of this contribution to the total mental health picture in this country was indicated by Gurin, Veroff, and Feld (1960)1 who reported that the largest single source of help used by people who have sought assistance for a personal problem is the clergy (42 percent). When there are so many other demands on time and attention it is difficult for men and women in the ministry to keep informed about current counseling issues and to evaluate the implications for their counseling not only psychologically but also theologically. Yet many do take this responsibility seriously.


Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) plays an important role in gastrointestinal (GI) motility and sensation, and abnormal levels have been shown in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).1,2 Drugs acting on 5-HT receptors have the potential to reduce the smooth muscle spasm, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habit in IBS.

Recently, Lee et al3 assessed the efficacy and safety of ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, compared with mebeverine in male patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). This study was performed in a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, non-inferiority comparative design. A total of 343 male patients with IBS-D were randomized to either ramosetron 5 µg once daily or mebeverine 135 mg 3 times daily for 4 weeks.

The weekly responder rates for global IBS symptoms, abdominal pain/discomfort and abnormal bowel habits in the ramosteron and mebeverine groups significantly increased during the treatment period (P < 0.001). The severity scores of abdominal pain/discomfort and urgency, the stool form scores and the stool frequency recorded daily were reduced significantly in both treatment arms, compared with the baselines (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the weekly responder rates (37% vs 38% at 4-week) and in the adverse event profiles between the ramosetron and mebeverine groups. Neither severe constipation nor ischemic colitis was reported. The authors concluded that the ramosetron 5 µg once daily was as effective as mebeverine 3 times daily in male patients with IBS-D.


Due to recurrent banking crises and their high social and economic costs, is critical to analyze the causes of bank runs and panics. Under this criterion, we conducted an experiment based on the theory of Diamond and Dybvig on random withdrawals, and deposit insurance and temporary suspension of payments as preventive measures. There were three experiments in which the first was a basic treatment seeking to observe the depositor behavior per se. The second treatment added the concept of suspension of payments, in order to analyze their effectiveness. The third treatment was based on a banking system interacting with each other, creating a deposit insurance to see if this could address the liquidity needs of one or more banks. From these results, we conclude that depositor' withdrawals decisions are based on random behavior, without following its utility maximization. Similarly, the suspension of payments can be a wise option to prevent bank runs. Finally, deposit insurance may not be as effective when more than two banks incurred in liquidity problems. Together, these measures should be analyzed further to counteract social costs and liquidity.


In this paper we report on the broadband X-ray properties of a complete sample of 33 absorbed Seyfert galaxies hard X-ray selected with integral. The high quality broadband spectra obtained with both xmm, and integral-IBIS data are well reproduced with an absorbed primary emission with a high energy cutoff and its scattered fraction below 2-3 keV, plus the Compton reflection features. A high energy cut-off is found in 30% of the sample, with an average value below 150 keV. The diagnostic plot NH vs Fobs(2-10 keV)/F(20-100 keV) allowed the isolation of the Compton thick objects, and may represent a useful tool for future hard X-ray observations of newly discovered AGN. We are unable to associate the reflection components with the absorbing gas as a torus, a more complex scenario being necessary. In the Compton thin sources, a fraction (but not all) of the Fe K line needs to be produced in a gas possibly associated with the optical Broad Line Region, responsible also for the absorption. We still need a Compton thick medium (not intercepting the line of sight) likely associated to a torus, which contributes to the Fe line intensity and produces the observed reflection continuum above 10 keV. The so-called Iwasawa-Taniguchi effect can not be confirmed with our data. Finally, the comparison with a sample of unobscured AGN shows that, type 1 and type 2 (once corrected for absorption) Seyfert are characterized by the same nuclear/accretion properties (luminosity, bolometric luminosity, Eddington ratio), supporting the "unified" view.


Recent food fraud incidents have highlighted the need to manage fraud risks in food supply chains. However, there is little research on how to manage these risks. Our study helps to alleviate this issue by examining food fraud risk management in the Asia–Pacific honey supply chain. We conducted interviews about existing food fraud risk management practices. We then used the Gioia method to generate a framework of these management practices, which expanded the "Six Ts" framework by adding a seventh dimension of Tolerance to this extant framework. Next, we empirically examined this novel Seven Ts framework. We found that managers treat many of these risk management practice dimensions as substitutes rather than complements. Our findings and managerial guidance are practically relevant for food companies. Lastly, we believe that, by implementing some of these suggestions theoretically generated and empirically validated by our framework, food supply chains may become more sustainable.


This community aims to increase the creativity of the community which provides value added economic for milkfish. This activity was carried out by inviting the community to give presentations on entrepreneurship, then providing training to make milkfish dumplings. This is a business strategy that simultaneously raises local resources.


In a patient rhabdomyosarcoma Iocalized in forearm destruction of the ulna and subluxation of the shoulder was noted, which were the primary reasons for presenting the case.


The mechanical behaviour and failure of the composite materials are highly influenced by the fibre's orientation. It is important to decide which type of layers and orientations to use for the layup sequence such that the composite laminate is as light and/or cheap as possible while being capable to carry the load for which it is designed. During the production process it is critical to cut and lay the composite woven according to the optimal layup sequence resulting from the optimization process. Therefore, it is important to develop an automatic system which is capable to accurately detect the fibres orientation from a material picture. In our previous work we proposed such a system based on image processing and computational geometry. The main disadvantage of this system is that it has a lot of parameters which need to be manually tuned for each material. In this paper we propose a simple system which doesn't need any parameter tuning. It is based on convolutional neural networks and we demonstrate with a lot of examples that it is very accurate, stable and insensitive to image variations. The method was tested on diverse composite laminates and woven with different chromatic and morphological properties.


Emmanuel Levinas's ethical philosophy, particularly his notions of transcendence and the "face of the other," illuminates Eileen Chang's short story Lust, Caution (Se, jie) and, to a lesser extent, Ang Lee's film adaptation. Lust, Caution tells of an assassination plot against a collaborator with the Japanese during the second Sino–Japanese War in which the heroine's fatal decision to let go of her enemy results in the deaths of herself and her comrades. The story problematizes the status of the personal and ethical in times of war, occupation, and resistance through the heroine's path from the collective anonymity of national salvation to the theatrical solitude of underground activism and the intersubjective encounter with the face of the other. Also relevant is Hannah Arendt's theory of the (bourgeois) social, which in conjunction with its feminist revision prompts reflections on women's space of action in "dark times."


Block-codes with a very small number of codewords are Investigated for the two special binary memoryless channels, the binary symmetric channel (BSC) and the Z-channel (ZC). The optimal (In the sense of minimum average error probability, using maximum likelihood decoding) code structure Is derived for the cases of two, three, and four codewords and an arbitrary blocklength. It Is shown that for two possible messages, on a BSC, the so-called flip codes of type t are optimal for any t, while on a ZC, the flip code of type 0 Is optimal. For codes with three or four messages It Is shown that the so-called weak flip codes of some given type are optimal where the type depends on the blocklength. For all cases an algorithm Is presented that constructs an optimal code for blocklength n recursively from an optimal code of length n — 1. For the ZC a recursive optimal code design Is conjectured In the case of live possible messages. The derivation of these optimal codes relies heavily on a new approach of constructing and analyzing the code-matrix not row-wise (codewords), but column-wise. Moreover, these results also prove that the minimum Hamming distance might be the wrong design criterion for optimal codes even for very symmetric channels like the BSC.


Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors play an essential role in the combination treatment of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Daclatasvir, a prototype of this class, combined with asunaprevir, has been widely used since 2014 in Asia, where genotype 1b infection is prevalent. Well-known resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) for this treatment include NS5A-L31M/V and Y93H. In addition, recent studies have reported the emergence of a deletion mutant at NS5A-P32 in a subset of patients at the time of virological failure (VF) with this treatment. This mutant is attracting much attention because replicon studies indicate that, compared with NS5A-Y93H, it confers extremely higher resistance to NS5A inhibitors. Moreover, retreatment with DAAs in patients carrying this mutant after daclatasvir/asunaprevir treatment has been reported to be ineffective. Here, we report on a case of NS5A-P32 deletion (P32del) after ledipasvir/sofosbuvir treatment. We treated 1,031 Japanese patients with genotype 1 CHC with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir, and 12 cases exhibited VF. Among these cases, sera from 10 patients available were analyzed for NS5A RAS by deep sequencing, as described (Table 1). All patients had genotype 1b infection and, except for case no. 1, exhibited the NS5A Y93H substitution at baseline or after VF. Case no. 1 showed P32del at the time of VF; the P32del was not detected at baseline (0.1% deep sequencing cutoff), but appeared 4 weeks after completion of 12 weeks of treatment and was continuously detected at a high frequency for 52 weeks (Fig. 1A). After the appearance of the P32del, nucleotide sequences of NS5A domain-I in a major clone were completely consistent at any point. In addition, known RASs to sofosbuvir, including S282T, were not detected by deep sequencing during the entire course. The patient was a 75-year-old treatment-na€ıve man with compensated cirrhosis with a treatment history for hepatocellular carcinoma. We performed phylogenetic tree analysis to clarify the relationship between pretreatment virus and posttreatment virus (Fig. 1B). This analysis indicated that the most frequent wild-type virus at baseline (A1 in Fig. 1B) acquired a deletion of three bases at position P32, becoming virus B18 posttreatment; one more sense mutation resulted in the most frequent virus, B1, posttreatment, which served as the starting point for the subsequent expansion of diversity. Both clinical trials and real-world data have shown that the viral clearance rate of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is


One of the brightest schools of painting was Herat School from whose greatest artist, Behzad, beautiful paintings have remained. Some of these paintings are associated with poetry and literature and reflect verbal narratives. Using Gerard Genette intertextuality approach, the present study investigates one of the paintings which exists in both verbal and pictorial forms: the verbal form is derived from Nizami's Sharaf-nama which was painted by Behzad. The purpose was to investigate the meaning of a text in its connection with other texts; in other words, this study tried to find the relationship between words and image, and uncover the underlying theme that ties them together.


Aims  In muscle, resistance to insulin‐mediated glucose uptake is thought to underlie the pre‐Type 2 diabetic condition. In European Caucasian men, insulin sensitivity is negatively associated with intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content, and this may provide an early marker of diabetes risk. This study was designed to examine the relationship between vastus lateralis IMCL content, aerobic fitness, adiposity and markers of insulin sensitivity in healthy, young Maori men.


In recent years there have been numerous scholarly articles assessing the relationship between urban form and personal travel (Stevens, 2017/this issue). Most studies show small to modest effects of changes in factors that infl uence travel behavior considering fi ve D-variables. These articles apply sophisticated statistical analysis to data sets that assess effects of several or all fi ve of the following D-variables on travel:


The ability of sound to enhance human wellbeing has been known since ancient civilisations, and methods can be found today across domains of health and within a variety of cultures. There are an abundance of sound-based methods which show benefits for both physical and mental-states of wellbeing. Current methods vary from low frequency vibrations to high frequency distractions, and from drone-like sustain to rhythmical pulsing, with limited knowledge of a listeners psycho-physical perception of this. In this regard, for the presented study 40 listeners were asked to evaluate the perceived emotional dimensions of Valence and Arousal from a dataset of 144 isolated synthetic periodic waveforms. Results show that Arousal does correlate moderately to fundamental frequency, and that the sine waveform is perceived as significantly different to square and sawtooth waveforms when evaluating perceived Arousal. The general results suggest that isolated synthetic audio can be modelled as a means of evoking affective states of emotion.


The aim of this study was to explore possible statistically significant differences between winning and loosing teams, on the basis of 6 situational parameters (serve, serve reception, block, defense, attack and counterattack) in two summary rotations (rotation "4-3-2" – when setter is in front line, and rotation "1-6-5", when setter is in back line). We used a sample of 19 games played in the European youth volleyball championship in Zagreb 2003. Discriminative analysis (standard method) was employed to confirm or deny possible significance. Analysis showed significant differences between two groups (p<0.01) in both "summary rotations". Winning teams performed all game phases better. Two variables with highest projection on discriminative functions in both summary rotations are ATTACK and SERVE. Possible influence of the quality of the performance of precedent game phase on the next game phase on the projection on discriminant functions can be occurred.


The features of developing policy documents and realizing regional development projects are defined, organizational mechanism of project management in organs of public power is studied, three basic levels of organizational structure of public project management in the field of regional development.


A clinically useful method using hologram interferometry to measure deformations in upper complete dentures is described. Real-time and sandwich holography have been used both to measure deformation as well as to insure proper repositioning of the dentures on the mea-surement stand.


Population growths in urban centers in Nigeria have significantly increased the generation of wastes in urban areas. Inadequate waste services have led to illegal burning and dumping of wastes on open spaces, which is degrading the environment and creates profound public health concerns. This paper aimed to access the implication of illegal dumping of solid wastes in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria. A total of four hundred questionnaires were administered using systematic sampling on categories of respondents in the study area The researchers also visited the Sokoto state Urban and Regional Planning Board (SURPB) and the Sokoto State Environmental Protection Agency, (SEPA) who assigned the responsibilities of ensuring a cleaner and refuse-free environment in Sokoto metropolis. Secondary data also used to obtain information from review method; The results of the findings deduced that, several open spaces and even water channels are been used as dump sites in the study area. The composition of the solid waste in the metropolis contained mostly food waste, bottle glass waste, ashes, nylon, metal and cans, papers and wood. The research also revealed that, there is no legal authorized dumpsite in some part of the metropolis. The major environmental issues resulting from improper of solid waste in Sokoto metropolis are blocked of drainage channels during rainstorm causing flooding in the metropolis. The researcher found that people of the area suffered from malaria fever caused by mosquitoes that bread on the wastes and gutters occupied by such solid wastes. Other diseases include respiratory problems, typhoid, cholera, and meningitis. The solid waste may decomposed to emit methane and carbon gases which contribute to climate change. Therefore, the paper recommends that there should be a continued public enlightenment on the causes and danger of illegal dumping of waste and finally, a strong legislation with the severe action should be put in place and also recommended that available waste bin should be adequately provided.


A novel missile-to-target relative motion model for terminal guidance is placed here.Aided by precision velocity information of inertial navigation system(INS),it overcomes the difficulties of actual inertial acceleration modeling in conventional methods.Missile dynamic was provided by on-board INS,while target maneuver was modeled as a first-order Markov process.On the resolution of velocity vector,the motion model using relative state vector was lastly proposed,which was directly applied into the constructing of a INS velocity information aided extended Kalman filter(IVIA-EKF).This filter could make full use of INS information to help suppressing seeker measurement error and enhancing precision striking.The proposed filter in missile terminal guidance was then validitied by simulation.


Using four rice varieties (hybrid combinations), changes in sucrose synthase (SS) activities in both superior and inferior spikelets during grain filling and their relations with grain filling rate were investigated. The grain filling rate and fertilized grain-filling percentage for superior spikelets were greater than those for inferior spikelets, which was more obvious in the two combinations of japonica/indica and two-line system hybrids. The concentration of soluble carbohydrate in inferior spikelets was much greater than that in superior spikelets at early and mid grain filling stages, indicating that the intrinsic concentration of assimilates should not be the main limiting factor of grain filling for inferior spikelets. Very similar to grain filling rate, SS activity in superior spikelets was much higher than that in inferior spikelets during early grain filling period. The grain filling rate, fertilized grain-filling percentage and grain weight were positively and very significantly correlated with SS activity in grains, but insignificantly correlated with acid invertase activity. SS activity in inferior spikelets was decreased after 1/2 leaf-cutting and increased after 1/2 spikelet-removing at the whole-heading. Spraying low concentration (25 × 10~(-6) mol/L) of abscisic acid (ABA) at 7-10 d after anthesis or controlling soil water potential at -0.015 MPa during grain filling significantly increased ABA content and the ratio of ABA to gibberellins (GA_1 + GA_4, GA_s) in grains, as well as SS activity, fertilized grain-filling percentage, and grain weight. The results suggested that SS played an important role in grain filling of rice. Its activity was not only affected by the source-sink relationship, but also regulated by hormonal levels and balance in grains. SS activity and grain plumpness would be increased if ABA content or the ratio of ABA to GA_s in grains could be increased appropriately during the filling.


The unalterable nature of fingerprint biometrics leads to permanent identity loss of a user if an original fingerprint template is compromised. Moreover, it is evident in the literature that reconstructing a fingerprint image from an original fingerprint template is a feasible task. In order to protect the fingerprint template, we propose a noninvertible and alignment-free fingerprint template protection technique by exploiting the pair-polar minutiae structures. In the proposed technique, a secure fingerprint template is generated in the form of a set of binary vectors. These vectors are computed from the many-to-one mapping of the transformed pair-polar coordinates into a 3-D grid. Results of the proposed technique are analyzed in terms of revocability, unlinkability, security, and performance on six publicly available databases of Fingerprint Verification Competition 2002 and 2004. The overall analysis of the results clearly shows the effectiveness of the proposed technique as compared to the existing state-of-the-art techniques.


Formative assessment may be a useful pedagogical practice to enhance the teaching of HOTS in mathematics. This study explored the impact of a formative assessment intervention on 1) students' achievements in HOTS mathematics tests (pre-and-post) when their teachers were supported to implement the instructional intervention and 2) Standard 4 (Grade 4) teachers' formative assessment practices. To explore the effects of 2-day intervention for professional development teacher training, this study employed mixed methods, sequential embedded approach with single-group, pre-test, intervention (training), and post-test instruments. Data were gathered from nine primary schools involving nine teachers and 272 standard 4 students in the southern region of Botswana. Students' tests scales were used to measure achievement in mathematical HOTS items along with classroom observations and interviewed the teachers' experiences and reflections. Students' achievement data were assessed for internal reliability and validity by applying the Rasch Partial Credit Model followed by descriptive analysis and Wilcoxon signed-rank testing. The observed and interviewed teacher data were analyzed by descriptive frequency counts and thematic analysis, respectively. The students' achievement in mathematically HOTS items was found significantly improved from pre-test to post-testing. Post-intervention classroom observation showed that teachers practised the integration and implementation of some formative assessment strategies. Finally, the teachers' experience and reflections were found to be favorably inclined to support formative assessment higher-order thinking skills as a strategy to enhance mathematics teaching.


As our setup, let p be a prime positive integer. Consider the valuation ring Zp ⊆ Q with corresponding valuation vp on Q normalized such that vp(p) = 1. Over the course of this paper, we will be examining the structure of integrally closed rings D between Zp[X1, ..., Xn] and Q[X1, ..., Xn], establishing what is known and what has yet to be discovered. In [9], Loper and Tartarone gave an essentially complete classification of all such rings D in the case n = 1 by examining trees of valuation overrings of D subject to a special "Maclane ordering," constructing these valuation overrings inductively with "key polynomials" as Saunders Maclane did in [10]. When we say S is an overring of R, we mean that R ⊆ S and R and S have the same quotient field. However, the case of several variables has not been studied, and the goal of the forthcoming dissertation which this paper serves as a proposal for is to establish results about the structure and construction (via valuation overrings) of the integrally closed domains between Zp[X1, ..., Xn] and Q[X1, ..., Xn]. The foundation for this work and much of the work ahead is a theorem due to Krull, which we will now state.


The V21 Manifesto of 2015 proposes that we revitalize Victorian Studies through the use of presentist historicism, a methodology that recognizes how "the world we inhabit bears the traces of the nineteenth century." Presentism—once seen by some as a bug in historicism—now becomes, intriguingly, a feature. While scholars such as Dominick LaCapra and Jennifer Fleissner have also explored presentism in historicist work, the V21 Manifesto brings renewed attention to the questions and problems presentism poses. This review explores two books by members of the V21 Collective. Both interrogate vital issues in the present: Anna Kornbluh focuses on financialization and canonical Victorian and modernist texts, Susan Zieger on ephemera and affect and middlebrow texts. Both differently erudite books reinvigorate our thinking about the past. At the same time, both books avoid questions of production in the past and present. Such avoidance creates nondialectical and specialist accounts of the past's relation to the present and enshrines and safeguards Victorian literary studies' privileged objects of study and methodologies. Appreciative of the ways the V21 Manifesto has renewed attention to presentist historicism, the review nonetheless argues for more reflexive and contestatory accounts of the past's relation to the present.


CONTEXT
No empirical studies exist to direct nursing interventions for individuals during the long period of waiting for a transplant.

OBJECTIVE
To measure the effect of information and support on hope and uncertainty for individuals awaiting cadaveric kidney transplantation.

DESIGN
Randomized, controlled study.

SETTING
A university-affiliated hospital in the Midwest from 1997 to 1999.

PATIENTS
Fifty participants awaiting cadaveric kidney transplantation.

INTERVENTIONS
The control group received no intervention phone calls or mailings, which was the current standard of care. The treatment group received phone calls and mailings once every month for 6 months.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Hope, measured by the Herth Hope Index, and uncertainty, measured by the Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Adults, were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 6 months later.

RESULTS
No statistically significant effect of the nursing intervention was found on hope and uncertainty in this sample (F = 0.5322, P = .81). Hope was found to be negatively related to uncertainty both before (r = -0.53, P = .0001) and after (r = -0.59, P = .0001) intervention. No significant change was found between hope before and after intervention, and uncertainty before and after intervention in the treatment group (F = 1.10, P = .40) or the control group.

CONCLUSION
The individuals indicated that definite needs were met by the information and support intervention even though the results did not statistically support the effect of the nursing intervention.


This paper attacks one part of the question "Are evaluation methods, metrics and resources reusable" by arguing that a set of ISO standards developed for the evaluation of software in general are as applicable to natural language processing software as to any other. Main features of the ISO proposals are presented, and a number of applications where they have been applied are mentioned, although not discussed in any detail.


To give rigid semantics to graded modal operators, an extended fuzzy-measure-based model is defined as a family of minimal models for modal logic, each of which corresponds to an intermediate value of a fuzzy measure. Soundness and completeness results of several systems of modal logic are proved with respect to classes of newly introduced models based on intermediate values of fuzzy, possibility, necessity, and Dirac measures, respectively. It is emphasized that a fuzzy measure inherently contains a multimodal logical structure.<<ETX>>


The region of the Near East--encompassing an area from North Africa through the Middle East Arabian Peninsula Turkey Iran and Afghanistan--contains some of the richest and the poorest people of the world. The poorest 20% of households in these countries receive only 5% of total income. The momentum of population growth is not totally understood and is frequently neglected by both leaders and citizens. Although official support for family planning has increased it is uneven. Agency for International Development (AID) assisted health family planning and population programs in countries receiving bilateral support are beginning to show promise but the local and national political committment continues to be weak. As yet the health structures cannot give fertility control the priority it deserves. The AID-assisted countries in the Near East already are heavily urbanized. The cities continue to grow rapidy and urbanization consumes resources. Yet urbanization also provides promising development opportunities. Both rural and urban growth requires adequate water and water has always been scarce in the Middle East. The scarcity of water is likely to block development in large parts of the area. Both adequate water quantity and quality are necessary if lasting improvements in health are to be achieved but in many parts of the Middle East there is little water left. Water more and more will require hard choices as populations rise and economies develop. Attention is directed to worker migration OPEC economic assistance and implications for AID policy. AID gives priority to improving delivery of essential services to the poor and to dealing with the population problem and high infant mortality.


Web Services are internet enabled software components. By composing web services we can provide integration of Enterprise applications. Web Services are being used extensively by many enterprises like IBM, Microsoft and oracle every day. SOAP and REST are very popular types of web services. A Hospital Management Application is implemented as a web service that can perform functions like online appointment booking, preparing a prescription online, online room reservation, storing patient's medical history etc. The login forms of this application are made secured by computing the digest of the login details. The application is designed and developed using Eclipse, Google SQL cloud and Google App Engine. The application designed and developed is deployed to the Google App Engine to make it available online and to facilitate online transactions via the internet. The scalability test of the cloud enabled hospital management system has also been done using a custom developed software tool.


Advances in solid state power electronic devices and microprocessors has led to the development of various pulse-width-modulation (PWM) techniques for industrial applications. For example, PWM based 3-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) convert Solar cell DC power to AC power with variable voltage magnitude and variable frequency.

To analyze the applications and advantages of three different PWM techniques over one another, inverter with different techniques have been modelled in the MATLAB/ Simulink environment. The Techniques compared in the paper are: the sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) technique, the third-harmonic-injection PWM (THIPWM) technique, and the bus-clamped PWM (BCPWM) technique. These three methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output harmonic spectrum of various output voltages (poles voltages, line-to-neutral voltages, and line-to-line voltages) and their total harmonic distortion (THD).


The basic principle of single-neuron controller is introduced to multi-variable control system. A multi- variable adaptive controller based on neuron is proposed. The controller has a simple architecture, needn't the object model. The simulation results show that the controller has good performance.


Patients with spinal cord injury are prone to cardiovascular dysfunction and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to establish RR variability values for normal persons and compare them with values found in patients with spinal cord injury and to determine how interruption of connections between the central nervous system and spinal sympathetic motor neurons affects autonomic cardiovascular control. To determine values for RR variability, we recruited a sample of 38 healthy persons of 17 to 60 years old and 20 persons with spinal cord injury. In this study, R-R series signals were recorded in three different modes: supine, sitting and five seconds deep respiration. At a time, in each mode 150 seconds R-R interval data was acquired. We defined and analyzed six indices: SuB, StB, DbB, DOS, DRS and ROR. We performed traditional power spectral analyses to quantify total power, very-low-frequency (VLF) power, low-frequency (LF) power, highfrequency (HF) power, and the ratio of LF to HF power. It was observed that most of the indices were significantly and substantially altered in spinal cord injured persons. The paper presents the differences in RR variability between normal & SCI persons.


Simple Summary Mosquitoes are responsible for causing various disturbances, such as nuisance, allergies, and acting as the vectors of deadly diseases for humans and animals. To combat this confirmed vector, various strategies are implemented. One such strategy is the use of the Qista trap (also known as the Borne-Anti-Moustique: BAM), which employs a CO2 and lure emitting mechanism to bait mosquitoes. In this study, six BAMs were deployed to assess their effectiveness in reducing the nuisance rate caused by mosquitoes. The traps were able to capture 84,461 mosquitoes from eleven different species over a period of six months. The average capture rate per trap was 76.92 mosquitoes per day. The survey indicated a significant reduction in nuisance rates in the protected area compared to the control area. The Qista BAM trap appears to be a promising tool for mosquito control and to update the biodiversity of mosquito seeking species in the south of France. Abstract Nuisance, allergy, and vector role: mosquitoes are responsible for numerous inconveniences. Several strategies have been employed to fight against this confirmed vector. To record the diversity of mosquito vectors in Camargue (France) and assess the effectiveness of the Qista trap, six BAMs were deployed as a belt barrier to protect the Espeyran Castle (Saint-Gilles, Camargue). Prior to evaluating the reduction in the nuisance rate, recovery nets from the traps and human landing catches (HLC) were utilized twice a week in the treated and control areas. Overall, 85,600 mosquitoes were captured, belonging to eleven species, namely Aedes albopictus, Aedes caspius, Aedes detritus, Aedes dorsalis, Aedes rossicus, Aedes vexans, Anopheles maculipennis, Culex pipiens, Culex modestus, Culiseta annulata and Culiseta longiareolata. The six BAM devices trapped 84,461 mosquitoes. The average capture rate per BAM is 76.92 mosquitoes per day. The rate of nuisance has decreased from 4.33 ± 2.88 before the deployment to 1.59 ± 2.77 after BAM implantation. The Qista BAM trap seems to be an excellent tool for reducing the nuisance rate and may help researchers to optimize trapping methods by obtaining more significant sample sizes. It may also allow the updating of the host-seeking mosquito species' reported biodiversity in the south of France.


Background:  Subjects with the metabolic syndrome are accompanied by insulin resistance (IR). However, it is not clear how well the newly defined metabolic syndrome identifies IR specifically in hypertensive subjects.


Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD), is a group of respiratory diseases affecting the interstitium of the lungs and is very common in our
country. They exhibit wide variety of symptoms hence their diagnosis is challenging. We aim at studying the clinco-radiological features of ILD
using chest x-ray, spirometry and HRCT without surgical and transbronchial lung biopsy. Material and Methods: Patients with clinicradiological features suggestive of ILD that attended the OPD or were admitted to the wards of a tertiary care hospital between 2015 to 2016 were
included in the study. The clinical details, demographics, chest x-ray, spirometry and HRCT ndings, were recorded and analysed. Fifty Results:
one patients, who were clinic-radiologically suggestive of ILD were included in the study. IPF constitutes the single largest disease accounting for
41.2% among all other ILD followed by connective tissue disorder associated ILD (31.4%). Reticulonodular shadows were the most common
chest x-ray ndings present in 36 (70.6%) patients of ILD. Restrictive pattern was found to be present in spirometry in 42 (82.3%) patients of ILD.
Honeycombing and reticular opacities (60.8%) were the most common HRCT chest ndings in patients of ILD followed by brosis (35.3%),
diffuse ground glass opacities (33.3%), traction bronchiectasis (27.5%) and nodular opacities (5.9%). Surgical and transbronchial Conclusion:
lung biopsy are widely used for the diagnosis of ILD but they possess several complications and risk factors like pneumothorax, bleeding in the
airways, arrhythmias or untoward events during anaesthesia. Diligent examination of the clinic-radiological features using chest x-ray, spirometry
and HRCT can successfully predict ILD thereby avoiding currently used invasive techniques


CDC protects people from environmental hazards in the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the world that surrounds us. We investigate the relationship between environmental factors and health, conduct scientific investigations, develop guidance, and build partnerships to support healthy decision making. CDC's world-class scientists in the laboratory and out in the field investigate the effects of the environment on health. We track and evaluate related health problems, and we help U.S. and international organizations respond to natural, technological, and terrorism-related environmental emergencies. Our vision is healthy people in a healthy environment.


A method of replacing a native cardiac valve with a prosthetic cardiac valve comprises: expanding a wire mesh scaffolding in a chamber of the heart on a retrograde side of the native cardiac valve; while the scaffolding is expanded on the retrograde side of the valve, positioning the prosthetic cardiac valve at the site of the native cardiac valve; expanding the prosthetic cardiac valve to replace the native cardiac valve; and collapsing the scaffolding to a collapsed state and removing the collapsed scaffolding from the chamber of the heart.


On the occasion of the first Issue of Volume 2 of our peer-reviewed Journal " Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn " it is time to look back and assess what we have accomplished after one year of publication. First of all I want to thank the Flemish Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology to grant us the opportunity to initiate this project and for supporting our work with great enthusiasm. All issues were published and distributed on time to more than 2500 gynaecologists. The first issue of our Journal was also distributed to 8000 participants at the Annual ESHRE meeting in Amsterdam, the second issue was distributed in Belgrade on the occasion of the Annual ESGO meeting. Our Journal is dedicated to issues on Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Health. We are specifically looking for original scientific articles in clinical and laboratory research relevant to gynaecology, obstetrics, perinatal medicine, reproductive medicine, contraception, family planning, gynaecological oncology, urogynaecology and menopause. We are convinced that the journal will be able to offer a unique forum for socio-cultural, ethical, philosophical, health-economical and political debates related to our work as gynaecologists. Regarding the facts: original studies, pilot-studies, reviews and PhD summaries will continue to be the backbone of the journal. We are also looking forward to viewpoint papers critically commenting the facts that are provided in the literature. Last but not least, we welcome strong opinions of international key opinion leaders, shedding a visionary dimension to what is currently raising an interest in our broad field of medicine. All papers are subjected to a strict peer-review process. I want to take this opportunity to thank the referees for their highly appreciated efforts. In the near future, it is our aim to create a reviewers'profile data bank in order to increase the quality of referee's reports and to achieve speedy expert reviews. In the meantime our Publisher " Universa Press " provided us with all facilities needed to run a new International Scientific Journal including the establishment of an excellent user-friendly website. We aspire to reach as many interested people as possible, including those countries with limited resources. In order to make that possible, free access to all our papers is available on the website: www.fvvo.be. We are also honored to have Koen Vanmechelen as our artistic reviewer. Koen Vanmechelen is one of most influential contemporary artists; finding his inspiration at the crossroads of art, science, …


This study concerned the effects of transformation type and direction on students' understanding of transformations. First, third, and fifth graders (51 girls and 54 boys) with no instruction on transformations were tested on slide, flip, and turn tasks. A significant type-by-direction interaction seemed due to the difficulty of diagonal transformations. Slide tasks seemed easiest regardless of direction, whereas the ordering by difficulty of flip and turn tasks depended on direction. The main effect for sex was not significant. The results suggested that the direction of the transformation should be considered in the curriculum and in research on spatial visualization.


Waste management process involves the collection, transportation, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. waste management relates to materials produced by human activity and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their upshot to the environment and the human health. Waste management is a distinct performance from recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. Recycling involves the gathering and reuse of waste materials, The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and collection vehicles, or sorted directly from mixed waste streams. Solid wastes are a by-product of a broad spectrum of industrial, service and manufacturing processes. Primary products used by households that can be recycled include the metals, wood, paper, leather, textile among many also recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps, and paper products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to decompose the organic matter. The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or compost as for agricultural or landscaping purposes. This study will explore boulevards which are used by resident of Kisii town to be able to recycle their refuse and sustain proper environmental conditions which in turn reduce the diseases associated with the environment. © 2014 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Pollution 69 (2014) 23410-23414 Pollution Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal)


Global warming in the last 100 years has caused tremendous impacts on global and regional climate changes.As one of the largest arid areas in the world,Central Asia covers the territory of five countries(Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan)and part of northwest China(Xinjiang Province).Central Asia is a typical temperate desert steppe continental climate,precipitation is scarce,temperature changes severely and ecosystem is fragile.Freshwater mainly comes from precipitation in Central Asia.However,systematic researches for climate change of Central Asia under global warming are rare.As Xinjiang of China is a part of the Central Asia,so the research for climate in Central Asia is necessary to understand the climate change in China.Based on the CRU(Climatic Research Unit) dataset and the outputs of the historical and 4 representative concentration pathways(RCPs)future projection experiments from 10 climate models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 5(CMIP5), the climatic feature,interannual variability,and linear trend of the annual rainfall over Central Asia during 1951 to 2005 have been studied firstly.Then the statistical parameters of the 10 models and CRU dataset such as mean field, interannual variability and linear trend were used to calculate NSTD,spatial correlation and RRMSE between model results and CRU dataset to evaluate these models' performance,after this assessment some models with relatively better performance among the 10 models are selected to establish a multi-model ensemble to project the spatial and temporal distribution of the annual rainfall over Central Asia during 2011 to 2060 under different greenhouse gas emission.The results showed that most models well simulated the spatial distribution of annual precipitation over Central Asia.The annual precipitation slightly increased but not significant over Central Asia during 1951 to 2005,and the simulation of MRI-CGCM3,MIROC5 and CNRM-CM5 performed relatively better.According to the assessment,4 models with relatively better performance among the 10 models were selected to establish a multi-model ensemble.Comparison of the 4 models' ensemble mean precipitation with the CRU data show that the modeled location and extent of the high/low precipitation centers are in good agreement with CRU data during 1951-2005.The precipitation projected by the 4 models' ensemble display that the spatial distribution of the annual rainfall over Central Asia are very similar under different representative concentration pathways(RCPs) during 2011-2060.In the future 50 years,the annual precipitation over Central Asia will increase significantly,especially in the southern part of Xinjiang,China(the low value area will change into a high value area).Overall,in the next 50 years the annual precipitation increasing rates and the extent of regions with significant precipitation increasing rates over Central Asia expand with the increased RCPs.


Background: Neutrophils are part of our innate immune system. They are capable of accumulation in tissues, chemotaxis, phagocytosis and digests bacteria and fungi by their lysosymes. Yet, paradoxically neutrophils are mediators in acute liver injury. Extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) is a progressive chronic cholangiopathy of infancy, even in those who undergo timely portoenterostomy. Objective: Assessment of neutrophil involvement in EHBA.


A method for making an audio signal (5) of the reverberation reverberator (10) comprising a feedback delay loop processor (20), for representing an audio signal (5) at least two different frequency subband signals (17 ) delayed by different delay circuit (23) to obtain the reverberation frequency subband signals (27).


In the context of Research and Technology (R&T), studies have been performed on the coatings of vane edge in the 0.4 to 1 μm spectral range. The main purposes of the study were to improve the diffusing black coatings available on the market and to look for other diffusing black coatings. At the same time, we have also improved the machining technologies of vane edges. The characterisation (thermal tests, radiometric measurements, adhesion tests) of the most promising technologies has been carried out. The results have pointed out the stainless steel vanes with the edge obtained by polishing or by advanced grinding.


We explore a semi-supervised approach for improving the portability of time expression recognition to non-newswire domains: we generate additional training examples by substituting temporal expression words with potential synonyms. We explore using synonyms both from WordNet and from the Latent Words Language Model (LWLM), which predicts synonyms in context using an unsupervised approach. We evaluate a state-of-the-art time expression recognition system trained both with and without the additional training examples using data from TempEval 2010, Reuters and Wikipedia. We find that the LWLM provides substantial improvements on the Reuters corpus, and smaller improvements on the Wikipedia corpus. We find that WordNet alone never improves performance, though intersecting the examples from the LWLM and WordNet provides more stable results for Wikipedia.


ONC201/TIC10 is a promising anticancer agent that upregulates cytotoxic TRAIL pathway signaling in cancer cells. Preliminary clinical data indicates ONC201 induces clinical benefit in a subset of patients with histone H3 K27M glioma, among other tumors. Since H3 K27M mutation reduces levels of H3K27 di- and tri-methylation and in turn alters the expression of genes by epigenetic modulation, we investigated ONC201 effects on epigenetic regulation in cancer. We treated the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 with the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat or ONC201. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was performed with anti-histone H3 (acetyl K9) antibody using lysates from drug-treated tumor cells. Immunoprecipitated DNA was probed by PCR using primers across the promoter of p21 (WAF1; CDKN1A). The results indicate that both ONC201 and entinostat induce the acetylation of histone H3 binding within the p21 promoter. We further observed that ONC201 plus entinostat have synergistic effects in this p21 promoter acetylation activity. Activation of p21 gene expression by enhancing histone acetylation may be relevant in cancer suppression by ONC201. Citation Format: Yiqun Zhang, Lanlan Zhou, Shengliang Zhang, Marie D. Ralff, Shuai Zhao, Philip H. Abbosh, Rahmat Sidker, Wafik S. El-Deiry. ONC201 induces acetylation of histone binding within the p21 (CDKN1A) gene promoter [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5183.


Introduction: Globally, the number and proportion of people aged 60 years and older is growing fast. As people age, health needs become more complex, and the health system responsiveness to older people's needs requires evidence-informed policies. This study explored the factors affecting the process of health policies development for older people in Iran. Methods: We reviewed and analysed policy documents related to health policies development for older people in Iran. We also conducted 32 interviewers with people aged 60 years and older and 21 interviews with key informants involved in policy-making related to older people. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.Findings: Actors and stakeholders, policy structure and selected health policy processes, the system of health care service delivery, government financial support, community and culture building are prominent factors that influence health policy-making for older people. Conclusion: To identify and implement effective policy options for older people, the Iranian health system needs to change its health policy-making approach for this target group. It requires a revision of existing structures and processes, timely planning and provision of a comprehensive range of quality services tailored to specific needs of older people, strengthening intersectoral cooperation and coordination to enable evidence-informed policies, facilitation and maintenance of health system responsiveness.


Fast Motion compensation apparatus for H.264 / AVC is to read a plurality of word address of the external storage device, the reference is to align the pixels to be temporarily stored, and alignment across multiple word addresses sequentially the reference pixel stored temporarily and from the bus interface unit for outputting, see the output from the bus interface unit pixel using the reference pixel output from the buffer unit, the bus interface unit for storing the reference pixel to be used are superposed according to generate subpixel temporarily a first half-pixels, the second half-pixels, the first quarter-pixels, and the chroma filter for generating chroma pixels using the reference pixel output from the interpolation unit, and a bus interface unit for generating the second quarter-pixel It includes parts. Therefore, high-speed motion compensation device to reduce the number of times of access to the memory, to prevent reading of the reference pixel as a duplicate and performs a motion compensation at a high speed.


This study aimed to know the effect of different feedings on growth performance, physiological responses, and behavioral changes of juvenile spiny lobsters. The experimental method used a completely randomized design with three treatments and four replications. There were three different feeds used as treatment, namely: flesh mussel (K), commercial fish feed (I), and commercial shrimp feed (U). Feed is given as much as 30% of body weight, five times per day at 6:30 am, 12:00 pm, 4:00 pm, 9:00 pm, and 2:00 am. The results showed that the commercial feeding of fish (I) significantly (P<0.05) increased the survival rate and biomass of spiny lobster for 54.17% and 141.7 g, respectively. While fresh mussel give better growth and stress response, but had the lowest survival rate. The results of the physiological response test of lobster were more effective in suppressing lobster stress levels than other treatments (P<0.05). The behavior of juvenile spiny lobsters showed a very striking color difference and reflex impairment scores, which indicated that the vitality of the treated juveniles (I) was better than the vitality of the treatments (K) and treatment (U). This study shows that commercial fish feed (I) is recommended for maintaining spiny lobsters in the juvenile phase, although it needs further maintenance by using an appropriate feed formulation to improve the growth performance of spiny lobsters.


The increasing interest in air pollutant emissions reduction also influences the shipbuilding industry. In this sense, hybrid-electric propulsion is a promising solution for green navigation, ensuring a Zero Emission Mode navigation close to coastal areas and harbors. Hybrid-electric propulsion is a convenient choice not only for new units but also for the retrofitting of outdated ones. This paper deals with an example concerning the retrofitting of a small passenger vessel, where the study of the application of hybrid-electric systems was possible only thanks to reverse engineering techniques for the identification of the internal spaces. The final hybrid configuration refers to a slow-tourism operative profile in the North Adriatic area.


Objective:In this thesis,the efficacy and safety of Gubi decoction were evaluated and compared with the other treatment for the renal deficiency and damp-heat syndrome of juvenile-onset spondyloarthropathies.Methods A total of 60 inpatients with JAS from Mar 2004-Mar 2006 were enrolled in this 26-week randomized controlled trial.The patients were divided into two groups:the treatment group(n=30)used Gubi soup.The controlled group(n=30)used salicylazosulfapyridine.Both groups used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs meanwhile.Clinical symptom,physical sign and chemical examination were recorded.Results:After 26-week's treatment,clinical symptoms,physical sign and chemical examination of both groups were improved.The total effective rate of the treatment group was 86.7%,while that of the control group was 82.1%.The treatment group showed significant improvements in the following points:In the 26th week,BASIF function index,joint-swelling index and enthesis index of the treatment group were improved more than the controlled group(P0.05).The CD3~+,CD4~+ of the treatment group were improved more than the controlled group(P0.05).The CT alteration of sacroiliac articulation with herb medicine was better than the group with salicylazosulfapyridine(P0.05).In terms of safety,two patients from the controlled group were excluded because they had hepatic lesion in the first week.The treatment group was safe.Conclusion Gubi decoction is an effective and safe therapy for juvenile-onset spondyloarthropathies.Clinical application can be taken.