This paper presents our Recurrent Control Neural Network (RCNN), which is a model-based approach for a data-efficient modelling and control of reinforcement learning problems in discrete time. Its architecture is based on a recurrent neural network (RNN), which is extended by an additional control network. The latter has the particular task to learn the optimal policy. This method has the advantage that by using neural networks we can easily deal with high-dimensions or continuous state and action spaces. Furthermore we can profit from their high systemidentification and approximation quality. We show that our RCNN is able to learn a potentially optimal policy by testing it on two different settings of the mountain car problem.


The Kone case and the lifts cartel – an upward effect on prices and effectiveness?* On June 5 the Court has handed down the eagerly awaited judgment in the Kone case. This is one of the several…


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of double-J stents in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for the treatment of middle and upper ureteral calculi,and to explore the reasonable application of double-J stents. Methods 511 patients with middle and upper ureteral calculi in our hospital were selected as the statistical objects. 161 patients of the catheter group were indwelled double-J stent before extracorporeal lithotripsy while the other 350 patients in the no-catheter group underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy directly.The satisfaction rate of X-ray display location,gravel effect,and rate of adverse reaction were compared. Results The satisfaction rate of Xray display location in the catheter group was higher than the no-catheter group(P = 0. 025). And the gravel effect of the two groups were of statistical significance(P = 0. 041). The incidence of hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms in the catheter group was significantly higher than that in the no-catheter group(P 0. 05). The incidence of renal colic in catheter group was lower than that in no-catheter group(P= 0. 001). Conclusion Indwelling double-J stents is useful for stones display and localization,and it can improve the stone clearance rate.For ureteral stones whose diameter were less than 1 cm,double-J stents has little influence on the rate of stone clearance,but it can reduce the occurrence of severe renal colic.


untouched. The five are The Lord of the Rings, The Da Vinci Code, the romantic comedy My Life in Ruins, a selection of recent Chinese historical epics and Avatar. They are an interesting and stimulating series of choices. I like the way that the tendency towards focussing on expensive mega-epics is balanced by a romantic comedy. It is a good model for others to follow in this field. Unfortunately, it is frustrating that thiswork is so deeply rooted in sociology. It would have been so much better if a multidisciplinary approach to tourism had been taken. Despite there being a marked growth in studies of film tourism in recent years, very few works from this field are referenced. The first chapter includes just two references to Sue Beeton and one to Stijn Reijnders; both cited as evidence that film tourism exists as a phenomenon. The reference to Beeton is of her well-known book published in 2005, but not to any of hermore recentwork; that ofReijnders is to one article, ignoring his influential book. Pioneers of the field, such as Roger Riley, Peter Schofield, Nichola Tooke orMichael Baker, are notmentioned.WhileThe Lord of the Rings is the subject of a chapter, neither Anne Buchmann and Stefan Roesch, nor Daniela Carl is referred to. Similarly, the work of Maria Mänsson on The Da Vinci Code is inexplicably absent. The work on cinematic tourism in East Asia by Sean Kim is not considered. Joanne Connell, Simon Hudson and Julien Mercille are all missing. There is a similar issue with heritage. Like tourism, heritage is in the title and that forms certain expectations of the nature and depth of the coverage. My choices are subjective, but I am surprised at the absence of consideration of scholars such as Greg Ashworth, John Tunbridge and Dallen Timothy. This is a great pity, as I am very interested in the linkages between film, tourism and heritage. To summarise, this is an interesting book for those wanting to explore the geopolitics of modern film productions. Unfortunately, the promises of tourism and heritage contained in the title are not fulfilled.


Tropical and subtropical tropospheric ozone are important radiatively active species, with particularly large effects in the upper third of the troposphere. Temporal variability of O3 has proved difficult to simulate day by day in process models. Thus, individual roles of lightning, biomass burning, and other pollution in providing precursor NO(x), radicals, and chain carriers (CO, hydrocarbons) remain unquantified by simulation, and it is theoretically reasonable that individual roles are magnified by a joint synergy. We use wavelet analysis and Burg-algorithm maximum entropy spectral analyses to describe time-scales and correlation of ozone with proxies for processes controlling its concentration. Our empirical studies link time variations apparent in several datasets: the SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes) network stations (Nairobi, Fiji), and auxiliary series with power to explain ozone-determining processes, with some interpretation based on the TTO (Tropical Tropospheric Ozone) product derived from TOMS (the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer). The auxiliary series are The OTD/LIS(Optical Transient Detector/Lightning Imaging Sensor) measurements of the lightning NO(x) source, the OLR (Outgoing Longwave Radiation)measurement of high-topped clouds, and standard meteorological variables from the United States NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) and Data Assimilation Office analyses. Concentrating on equatorial ozone, we compare the statistical evidence on the variability of tropospheric ozone. Important variations occur on approximately two-week, two-month (Madden-Julian Oscillation) and annual scales, and relations with OLR suggest controls associated with continental clouds. Hence we are now using the Lightning Imaging Sensor data set to indicate NO(x) sources. We report initial results defining relative roles of the process mentioned affecting O3 using their covariance properties.


This paper examines engineering methodology to predict transitional behavior for hypersonic flows. Both correlative methods and extensions of the kL model (of Hassan and coworkers at North Carolina State) to hypersonic flows for both scramjet and missile applications are examined. In the work described, the low-Re k-e turbulence model of So et al. is used, extended for compressibility effects using a variant of Sarkar and Zeman compressible-dissipation/pressure-dilatation models discussed in an earlier paper by Papp and Dash. Modeling calibration is achieved using fundamental flat plate data sets. Validation is accomplished via examining additional data sets including very recent data sets obtained by Holden at CUBRC with more complex geometries. This new methodology is compared with earlier, correlative/uncoupled methodologies and its advantages in predictive capabilities and ease of usage are demonstrated.


Background Behavioural case loads may vary due to cultural differences, and so it is important to know how these differ with geography. Methods One hundred and eighty dog cases referred to a veterinary behaviourist in São Paulo (Brazil) during the period of 2008–2014 are described. Results Aggression against people was the most common behavioural complaint (22.2 per cent of the cases), followed by apparent fears and phobias (13.3 per cent). Forms of aggression against other dogs (12.2 per cent) and repetitive behaviours (11.1 per cent) were third and fourth most frequent, respectively. Female and male patients were equally reported (47.6 and 52.4 per cent, respectively). These results differ slightly from the findings of other international studies, in which aggression was the main behavioural complaint with fears and phobias less common. Conclusion Regional demographic reviews of the case loads of veterinary behaviour specialists help the profession recognise the problems of most concern to pet owners in a given area and thus local priorities, as well as opening up the potential to generate new hypotheses relating to the reasons for regional differences.


1159 Editorial—Arora Adopting and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, which incorporates multiple behaviors, is vital for optimum health and longevity. Maintenance of health-related behaviors, however, remains a difficult challenge. In particular, chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which are primarily driven by lifestyle factors and closely linked to cardiovascular disease, are major challenges to global healthcare systems. Weight gain and subsequent obesity usually occur from unhealthy lifestyle practices including poor diet without sufficient counteractive physical activity. Sleep duration has been shown to influence energy homeostasis and has recently emerged as the third important lifestyle factor that can impact health and wellbeing. Evidence linking insufficient sleep to obesity, usually defined according to body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) thresholds, is copious and relatively consistent.1–4 While BMI is a convenient, and internationally recognized measure of overall human obesity, there has been recent deliberation about this measure as a surrogate adipose marker for determining adverse health risks.5 Localized adiposity, such as around the midline (waist), may better predict the risk of type 2 diabetes,6 cardiovascular disease,7 and mortality,8 compared to BMI. Central adiposity, commonly identified using waist circumference (or sometimes waist-hip ratio), could be an alternative to BMI and/ or an additional research measure in human research focusing on clinical outcomes. Interestingly, inadequate sleep duration has also been linked to the aforementioned diseases2,9,10 as well as excess central adiposity.11 The evidence surrounding the sleep and waist circumference association is, however, less consistent compared to BMI. In this edition of SLEEP, Sperry and colleagues report on findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted on sleep duration and waist circumference.11 They observed a significant, inverse relationship (r = −0.10, P < 0.0001) in 56,259 adults, drawn from a combination of 21 studies. Although not highlighted, inter-rater reliability is an obvious issue with central adiposity measurements. The authors do, however, acknowledge several obvious methodological and analytical concerns including: (1) limited objective sleep data; (2) treatment of categorical versus continuous data for sleep duration as well as waist circumference for drawing comparisons; EDITORIAL


In order to study the replacement probability of biofertilizer with chemical fertilizer in bread wheat, Two separated experiments were conducted in Islamic Azad University of Shirvan during 2011-2012 growing season. In experiment 1, 7 levels of nitrogen fertilizer and 4 levels of Nitroxin biofertilizer and in experiment 2, also 7 levels of phosphorus fertilizer with 4 levels of PB-2 biofertilizer, as factorial, based on randomized complete block design conducted in 3 replications. During the growing season and after harvesting, the traits of, biological yield, seed yield, thousand kernel weight, seed per ear, ear/m, ear length, plant height,seed germination and harvest index were recorded. The results showed that Nitroxin biofertilizer increased seed yield at the rate of 5.6% and also increased thousand kernel weight of wheat from 35.8 to 37 gr. Nitrogen fertilizer increased biological and seed yield linearly. Using 300 Kg/h nitrogen fertilizer compared with no fertilizer application, increased biological yield around 41%. Using 250 kg/h nitrogen fertilizer increased seed yield around 30% compared with using no nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments imposed a significant and linear effect on number of seed/ear in wheat. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on number of ear/m was also significant. The highest number of ear/m observed in treatments of, 150, 200 and 250 Kg/h nitrogen fertilizer. the highest plant height obtained from 300 Kg/h nitrogen fertilizer which increased plant height around 13.5%. PB-2 biofertilizer increased seed yield at the rate of 9%, that is, using 100 gr/h PB-2 increased seed yield from 7259 to 7937 Kg/h. Effect of ammonium phosphate on seed yield was not significant. 100 gr/h, PB-2 increased number of seed/ear from 988 to 1129 equal with 14%. 100 gr/h PB-2 biofertilizer comparing with using no biofertilizer increased plant height at the rate of 4% from 85 to 88 cm. Overally using 200 kg/h nitrogen fertilizer with 2 L/h Nitroxin and 250 kg/h ammonium phosphate with 100gr/h PB-2 biofertilizer are the best combination of chemical and biofertilzer in these experiments.


This paper will review otomic-like phenomena in a semiconductor quantum dot which their size, shape and interactions can be precisely controlled through the use of nanofabrication technology. It has been shown that by confining electrons in three dimensions inside semiconductors, quaTltumdots can show many of the phenomena observed in atoms and nuclei and so called artificial atom. Because of its controlable system, it is possible to explore the correlation effects in regimes that cannot otherwise be accessed in other physical systems. For sim~licity, this work will focus on a circular-shape single electron quantum dot trapped by polar two-dimensional harmonic potential in the presence of an external magnetic field. Both Zeeman splitting and spin orbit interaction are neglected in our calculation. The calculation show that Fock-Darwin spectrum will enter Landau regime, where En = ( n +~) lime when cyclotron frequency is much larger than potential confinement me»


Abstract Introduction: Minimally invasive techniques have been adopted as the standard of care in specialized centers for hepatobiliary surgery. Laparoscopic extended major hepatectomies (LEMH) is ...


Background: Serum lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z) positively correlate with macular pigment optical density (MPOD); hence, the latter is a valuable indirect tool for measuring L and Z content in the macula. L and Z have been attributed antioxidant capacity and protection from certain retinal diseases but their uptake within the eye is thought to depend on genetic, age, and environmental factors. In particular, gene variants within beta-carotene monooxygenase (BCMO1) are thought to modulate MPOD in the macula. Objectives: To determine the effect of BCMO1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11645428, rs6420424, and rs6564851 on MPOD in a cohort of young healthy participants of Caucasian origin with normal ocular health. Design: In this cohort study, MPOD was assessed in 46 healthy participants (22 male and 24 female) with a mean age of 23.8 ± 4.0 years (range 19–33). The three SNPs, rs11645428, rs6420424, rs6564851 that have established associations with MPOD were determined using MassEXTEND (hME) Sequenom assay. One-way analysis of variance was performed on groups segregated into homozygous and heterozygous BCMO1 genotypes. Correlations between body mass index (BMI), iris color, gender, central retinal thickness (CRT), diet, and MPOD were investigated. Results: Macular pigment optical density neither significantly varied with BCMO1 rs11645428 (F2,41 = 0.70, p = 0.503), rs6420424 (F2,41 = 0.21, p = 0.801) nor rs6464851 homozygous or heterozygous genotypes (F2,41 = 0,13, p = 0.88), in this young healthy cohort. The combination of these three SNPs into triple genotypes based on plasma conversion efficiency did not affect MPOD (F2,41 = 0.07, p = 0.9). There was a significant negative correlation with MPOD and CRT (r = −0.39, p = 0.01) but no significant correlation between BMI, iris color, gender, and MPOD. Conclusion: Our results indicate that macular pigment deposition within the central retina is not dependent on BCMO1 gene variants in young healthy people. We propose that MPOD is saturated in younger persons and/or other gene variant combinations determine its deposition.


Abstract Further separation of the volume variance component of a multi-product firm's revenue variance into mix and quantity variances is regularly advocated by management accounting educators. Techniques used to achieve this separation are generally an extension of the analytical techniques used in the traditional flexible budget step-down? approach to variance determination. The analysis in this paper suggests that such an extension in most multi-product situations is inappropriate and generates useless and misleading results. Specific situations in which relational (in lieu of mix) variances may be appropriate do exist and applicable techniques are developed.


zein and poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) are dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3hexa?uoro-2-propanol(HFIP) to fabricate zein/ PLGA nanofibers by Electrospinning.The morphology of electrospun nanofibers is observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM);the different proportion and two-phase structure of zein/PLGA composition of spinning liquid are measured by FTIR.The mechanical properties are tested finally.The results show that with the increase of PLGA,the diameter of fiber increases and the mechanical properties of fiber membrane are improved effectively.


This volume of essays accompanies the launch of COMEDIC (Catálogo de obras medievales impresas en castellano), an on-line, open-access database (http:// comedic.unizar.es) created by the University of Zaragoza's "Grupo de Investigación Clarisel". In their preface to the anthology, María Coduras and María Jesús Lacarra outline the genesis and design of COMEDIC and provide readers with a view of the "back end" of the database, including the structuring of metadata, data management and programming systems used, and design principles of the database. As Coduras and Lacarra explain, the primary objective of the COMEDIC project is to study the transmission, evolution, transformation, and reception of medieval Castilian literature in the advent of print and the century following the incunable period, highlighting the success of certain genres above others, the ability of printers to serve the needs and desires of the market, and the ways in which medieval works took on new meaning as they traveled from one century and printed edition to another. At the time of the volume's publication in 2016, COMEDIC contained bibliographic entries detailing the early print editions of twenty-two medieval works. The database, like many other projects in Digital Humanities, is open to continual expansion and, at the time of this writing, COMEDIC offers bibliographical entries on twenty-four medieval works representing a wide range of genres, including –but not limited to– sentimental fictions, cancioneros, hagiography, and sapiential literature.


Summary form only given. We report on our continued development of the X-ray plasma diagnostics based on spherically curved crystals. The diagnostics include X-ray spectroscopy with 1D spatial resolution and 2D monochromatic self-imaging and backlighting. The system is currently used, but not limited to diagnostics of the targets ablatively accelerated by the NRL Nike KrF laser.


The purpose of this study was to examine the collaboration between organizations that care for mentally retarded persons with added psychiatric problems when they have the need of institutional care in the psychiatry. I have both looked at which kinds of collaboration there are and then looked closer on the coordinated care plan. I've also looked at how the organizations adjust themselves after the care users in the situations they need to collaborate. I have used a qualitative method with four semi-structured interviews with representatives from both the psychiatry and the disability care in a municipality in southern Sweden. I have used two kinds of theories to analyse the empirical material I got from the interviews: collaboration theory and new institutional theory. With that I have concluded that there are tree forms of collaboration except for the collaboration during the institutional care and the coordinated care planning; collaboration between the care users homes and the LSS administrators, collaboration between the different organizations during an LSS investigation and collaboration between the care users homes and the non-institutional psychiatric care. The coordinated care planning during the institutional psychiatric care takes place in two forms depending on if the care user already has existing help or he's new to the system or need more help. When a care user already have help and gets increasing psychiatric problems the first adjustment that takes place is that in the home and working environment. If the user still needs to go to the institutional psychiatric care the adjustment of the environment is smaller, it's not a good environment to be in for a long time and it's not always the psychiatry tries to find out what the care users needs are. Except for pure environmental adjustment one of the most usual adjustments towards the care users are adjustment of the way you speak. To try to be more pedagogic and make sure the care user understands is important to all of my interview subjects.


One of the key problems in the development of software product lines is the representation and management of variability and commonality. The customary way to define both aspects is by means of feature models that also allow the configuration of each specific application within the product line to be selected. However the control of traceability between the features and the architectural models (generally based on UML) is not simple. The fundamental reasons are the complexity of the traceability relationships, and the fact that the same modeling mechanisms (e.g., the specialization in a class diagram) serve to express the variation points in the models that represent the product line and in each specific application. The aim of this work is to use the package merge mechanism of the UML 2 infrastructure meta-model as the representation (and support for the configuration) of the variability in the product line while reserving the classical mechanisms (the specialization in the structural models, the <<extends>> relationship in the use case models, etc.) to express the variants in execution time of each specific application. The structure of the feature models is directly reflected in the relationships between packages in the architectural models, so the traceability of the configuration decisions is straightforward. The direct implementation of the package merge mechanism using the facility of partial classes of languages such as C# is an additional advantage that leads to the ideal of "seamless development".


In this paper we present a practical method for reducing the space when searching for point patterns in optically tracked virtual reality applications. The method uses a predictor to estimate the future position of a point. The key idea is to define a metric that determines the quality of the predictor, and use this metric to construct a 3D region around the predicted position of each point. The size and shape of the 3D region is based on the kinematic properties of the predicted point. The 3D region is projected into 2D to obtain the required search window.The contribution of the paper is that the search space can be reduced substantially by making use of adaptive window shapes and sizes.


In previous studies conducted outside the US, ∼20% of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries were judged to be inappropriate. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence rates of TKA surgeries classified as appropriate, inconclusive, and inappropriate in a knee osteoarthritis population in the US.


Objective There are symptoms such as the small bowel movement relaxation,abdominal distension,sulks,et al.But after taking Astragalus Mongholicus,it may be got better,so we observed the effects of SBTT and absorption by Astragalus Mongholicus in this study.Methods Small bowel transmittance time SBTT and the peak of lactulose absorption were determined by hydrogen breath test after 15 gram latulose orally in 40 healthy subjects before and after taking Astragalus Mongholicus for a week.Results The SBTT are 116.48±24.57min and 102.38±13.44min,P0.01,before and after taking Astragalus Mongholicus.The peak of lactulose absorption are (43±21.28)×10 -6 and (35.30±21.52)×10 -6 ,P0.05.Conclusion The results suggest there are no effect on the lactulose absorption,but it can shorten SBTT and improve small bowel movement after taking Astragalus Mongholicus for a week.


The invention discloses a well cementation swirling flow rigid hard centralizer. The well cementation swirling flow rigid hard centralizer comprises a cylindrical sleeve tube; the cylindrical sleeve tube is provided with four spiral grooves; a cylindrical anti-blocking ring is arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical sleeve tube; the outer diameter of the anti-blocking ring is equal to the outer diameter of the cylindrical sleeve tube; four stainless steel sheets are arranged on the side wall of the anti-blocking ring; the stainless steel sheets are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction of the anti- blocking ring; channels formed by the two adjacent stainless steel sheets are communicated with the spiral grooves. The well cementation swirling flow rigid hard centralizer solves the problem that flowing sands are prone to accumulate in a spiral groove of an existing centralizer, resulting in the blocking of the spiral groove, which requires the frequent cleaning. The purposes that a swirling flow field can be formed and the well cementing effect is improved are realized in the centralizer.


The religions of Indian origin occupy considerable space in the Encyclopedia. There are literally hundreds of articles, some quite extensive, that deal with the relevant material. Such a generous treatment need not come as a surprise. The editor in chief was the late Mircea Eliade, the author of a highly influential work on yoga; he himself honoured the Encyclopedia with the entry on the same subject. Moreover, in any global account of religion the Indian traditions ought to figure prominently, given their enormous influence all over Asia.


To the problem that the knowledge reduction algorithms in the rough set model based on database systems are only suitable for consistent decision tables not for inconsistent ones,a converting algorithm is proposed to convert decision tables into consistent decision tables and keep the core and the set of reducts.The correctness of converting algorithm is proved and its time complexity is analyzed.Based on that,the converting algorithm is designed by utilizing the database set operations and SQL statements,so the knowledge reduction algorithms in the model are extended to being suitable for inconsistent decision tables.Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the extension of the knowledge reduction algorithms is still efficient.


This paper introduces the dynamic te sting method for the faults of traction motor bearings of electric loco-motive by using vibrating diagnosis.Using simple diagnosis can judge whether or not the electric motor bearings are normal,and using precision diagnosis can further determine the locatio n of the faults of electric motor bearings.With the help of diagnostic analysis,the spectrum analysis can be made for the measured signals,and according to the c haracter-istic frequencies of the faults of di fferent parts of electric motor bearings,the degrees and positions of th e faults can be determined for timely prevention.


The present invention relates to the use of biomarkers for prediction and prognosis of the biomarkers and cancer, and to the use of biomarkers to monitor the efficacy of cancer treatment. In particular, the present invention is, as a biomarker for subjects treated with Sorafeniru relates to the use of VEGF and sVEGFR-2.


The present invention second linden as a seed bark extract to a composition for skin whitening and Aging containing as an active ingredient, second linden seeds present invention second linden seed bark extract stirring extract prepared by the bark as an extraction solvent is tyrosinase enzyme activity at the same time to inhibit indicates the skin lightening effect is excellent in ripok through enzyme inhibition activity and free radical scavenging activity has an excellent effect of preventing skin aging.


In order to explore the effect of plasma combustion on the performance of aeroengine combustion chamber, a simplified 9-Step plasma reaction mechanism was added to the 16 component 25 step reaction mechanism of aviation kerosene, and a kerosene combustion chemical reaction process model considering the excited state relaxation reaction of plasma electron collision reaction and the chemical reaction involved in excited state was established, The numerical calculation of combustion process in combustion chamber was carried out, and the numerical calculation results of combustion process with and without plasma combustion support were compared and analyzed. The results showed that after adding plasma in the combustion chamber, the active particles produced by plasma reaction made kerosene burn more fully in the main combustion zone. Under the appropriate chemical ratio, the average temperature of the outlet section of the combustion chamber increases from 2208.5K to 2543.5K, and the combustion efficiency increases by 11% to 95.6% on the basis of 84.6%; The outlet temperature field was more uniform, and the temperature distribution coefficient (OTDF) was reduced from 0.131 to 0.111, which improved the performance of the combustion chamber.


This paper describes the legal conditions for the award of Green Public Procurement for construction works. Environmental criteria that can be used in contracts for construction works are also presented. The author presents current practice in green procurement organized by Polish authorities.


• Relativistic atomic-collision dynamics in the strongest electromagnetic fields (Chapter 126.96.36.199). There, the focus will be on the various electronic transitions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, dynamically induced many-electron processes – as well as the spectroscopy of the quasi-molecular 1sσ orbital – in critical and supercritical fields. In close ion-atom collisions, the critical field strength, where spontaneous e +-e-pair creation becomes possible, can be probed for the first time under well defined conditions with respect to charge state and energy of the ion with a luminosity sufficient for an unambiguous detection. In a H-like uranium ion the 1s electron probes to some extent those critical fields (Figure 5.1) Figure 5.1: Radial 1s electron density in H-like uranium vs. distance from the nuclear center (bottom), together with the electric field strength probed by the electron. Also marked is the 'critical' field strength at about 250 fm, where spontaneous e +-e-pair creation becomes possible. In the recent past accelerator-based atomic physics has advanced into hitherto unexplored areas of research, encompassing high energies, high atomic charge states and strong electromagnetic fields. First tentative benchmarks were set by the heavy-ion storage cooler rings, in particular by the experimental storage ring ESR at GSI,


In this work, for the first time, three-component CeO2@Ag@CdS heterostructured nanotube arrays with remarkable photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance have been synthesized by an electrodeposition method. In this configuration, the modification with Ag nanoparticles can significantly strengthen light absorption and provide an interior direct pathway to facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, the CeO2@Ag@CdS heterostructured nanotubes generate a remarkable photocurrent density of 2.14 mA cm(-2) at a potential of -0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which is 9.8 and 2.4 times higher than that of the two-component CeO2@Ag system (0.218 mA cm(-2)) and the CeO2@CdS system (0.879 mA cm(-2)), respectively. It also gives efficiency as high as 69% around 360 nm in the incident photon to electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) spectrum. Moreover, the stability of the photoelectrode was tested over 16 min. Furthermore, these results provide a valuable insight for the further development of such materials for PEC water splitting.


Differentiated services (DiffServ) framework defines expedited forwarding (EF) behavior for high quality services which tries to provide leased line-like service for aggregates of flows. The most popular scheduler used to service EF queue is strict priority queuing (PQ). PQ is simple and fast but can generate long bursts in the core of the network. So far some schedulers like DRR++ M. H. MacGregor et al. (2000) are introduced to overcome PQ problems. We introduce a new algorithm to reduce burst length within the configured timing constraint and compare it with the other methods.


Geography Standards: 1. How to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technologies to acquire, process and report information from a spatial perspective. 2. How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places and environments in a spatial context. 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places and environments on Earth's surface. 6. How culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions. 12. The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement. 17. How to apply geography to interpret the past and many additional standards may be addressed dependent upon the story being read.


Eligibility and disqualification recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: task force 4: congenital heart disease: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:2372–84. 28. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Blomstrom Lundqvist C, Borghi C, Cifkova R, Ferreira R, Foidart JM et al. ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J 2011;32:3147–97. 29. Giardini A, Donti A, Formigari R, Specchia S, Prandstraller D, Bronzetti G et al. Determinants of cardiopulmonary functional improvement after transcatheter atrial septal defect closure in asymptomatic adults. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1886–91. 30. Helber U, Baumann R, Seboldt H, Reinhard U, Hoffmeister HM. Atrial septal defect in adults: cardiopulmonary exercise capacity before and 4 months and 10 years after defect closure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:1345–50. 31. Fredriksen PM, Veldtman G, Hechter S, Therrien J, Chen A, Warsi MA et al. Aerobic capacity in adults with various congenital heart diseases. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:310–4. 32. Suchon E, Tracz W, Podolec P, Sadowski J. Atrial septal defect in adults: echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise capacity associated with hemodynamics before and after surgical closure. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2005;4: 488–92. 33. Chan AK, Govindarajan G, Del Rosario ML, Aggarwal K, Dellsperger KC, Chockalingam A. Dobutamine stress echocardiography Doppler estimation of cardiac diastolic function: a simultaneous catheterization correlation study. Echocardiography 2011;28:442–7. 34. Oosterhof T, Tulevski I, Roest A, Steendijk P, Vliegen H, van der Wall E et al. Disparity between dobutamine stress and physical exercise magnetic resonance imaging in patients with an intra-atrial correction for transposition of the great arteries. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2005;7:383–9. 35. Steding-Ehrenborg K, Jablonowski R, Arvidsson PM, Carlsson M, Saltin B, Arheden H. Moderate intensity supine exercise causes decreased cardiac volumes and increased outer volume variations: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013;15:96. S.S. Stephensen et al.


Abstract : We present in this report a comprehensive and systematic study of dielectric grating antennas for use in millimeter wave systems. First of all, the feasibility of grating surface-wave structures for use as millimeter wave antennas is positively established on the basis of extensive numerical data for the case of infinitely wide gratings with uniform surface wave excitation at normal incidence. Secondly, a new approximation technique is introduced to obtain analytic formulas that are simple and useful for the practical design of grating antennas. Thirdly, the results for the normal incidence case are extended to the general case of oblique incidence, so that antennas of finite width can be rigorously investigated. (Author)


It is shown that the number-phase Wigner function defines uniquely the respective density operator. Relations between the Glauber-Sudarshan distribution $\mathcal{P}(\alpha)$ and the number-phase Wigner function is found. This result is then generalised to the case of the Cahil-Glauber distributions $\mathcal{W}^{(s)}(\alpha)$, $-1\leq s \leq 1$.


This paper studies the problem of leader-following rendezvous with connectivity preservation for a linear multi-agent system where the leader system is a linear autonomous system and the follower system is a multiple single-integrator system. We propose a distributed state feedback control protocol that is able to maintain the connectivity of the system and, at the same time, achieve asymptotic tracking of all followers to the output of the leader system.


Teachers, as the primary education service delivery agents, play a lead role in what, how, and how much student's learn, including among disadvantaged populations. Yet, often governments' education reform efforts are confronted with strong resistance from teacher unions. This global pattern is even stronger in MENA where, in many countries, the relationship between unions and Ministries of Education is characterized by lack of trust and persistent tension, resulting in little to no involvement of teachers' representatives in the design of key education reforms. Teacher unions' resistance to reform is a global pattern. However, traditional unionism in education has recently begun to reinvent itself and respond to the challenges involved in education quality. There various experiences around the world showing positive outcomes of constructive collaboration with teachers' representative organizations. Very recently, a new movement in unionism is becoming more and more evident: professional or 'new' unionism is based on the idea that unions can contribute to educational improvement and in this vein there are many examples from around the world pointing to innovative ways in which these organizations encourage and lead reform. The workshop provided a platform for knowledge sharing of good practices for unions' engagement in improving the performance of the education sector. The workshop was organized around three main sequences: the current status of Teacher Unions and Associations (TUA) in the Arab Region; international and regional initiatives of TUA collaboration to improve education quality; and discussion and brainstorming on the way forward for better engagement in improving education quality.


In Balancing Hope and Despair, and the Real Reasons for Burnout, the authors discuss how therapist deal with the despair of their clients, as well as their own personal despair. Addressing client hopelessness repeatedly may have professional consequences and serve as a precursor to burnout, as well as attention to ethical dilemmas, child welfare, abuse, moral issues, and high-risk encounters. Organizational factors can also play a role in burnout. A key to addressing despair is to rekindle hope. By admitting uncertainly, addressing feelings of hopelessness, and noting that the work of a clinician is focused on engaging in client's feelings of hopelessness, therapists can overcome their feelings of obligation to always be effective. Admitting powerlessness is key to longevity in the profession.


In this essay, Michalinos Zembylas examines how the work of mourning can evoke public and school pedagogies that provide an alternative way of relating to otherness and trauma — not through remaining fixated on simply representing the other's or one's own trauma, but in the insistence on remaining inconsolable before suffering. A major concern is the normalization of mourning in school and public discourses through the establishment of boundaries between grievable and ungrievable lives. Zembylas argues that the violence unleashed through national mourning and the reproduction of loss through rituals of commemoration in schools raise important issues about the ethics and politics of mourning embedded in public and school pedagogies. Using two examples of the workings of mourning — one in the context of the South African reconciliation tribunals and the other in the context of collective mourning of Missing Persons in his home country of Cyprus — Zembylas demonstrates that the recognition of our common vulnerability to loss can form the groundwork of school and public pedagogies of aporetic mourning.


The plane constrained shear problems of a single crystal strip with one and two active slip systems are considered within the continuum dislocation theory. Analytical solutions are found for single slip and symmetric double slip systems which exhibit the energetic and dissipative thresholds for dislocation nucleation, the Bauschinger translational work hardening and the size effect. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Heterogeneous systems can improve powerperformance efficiency by scheduling tasks on the most suitable cores. Dynamic task scheduling provides the flexibility to migrate tasks between cores during execution. However, many dynamic schedulers do not fully consider the additional overhead incurred when migrating tasks. In this project, we propose to more accurately quantify migration overhead, and integrate this calculation into the scheduling algorithm. By the end of the semester, we will display how this smarter scheduling can provide better power-performance tradeoffs.


In redundant Network Provisioning a parameter is required to be used as a reference to assess network quality called Quality of Service (QoS). Some parameters that affect QoS include delay, and packet loss on the internet network.so to im-prove the quality of network services, it must be in accordance with the Quality of Service parameters. Virtual Router Re-dundancy Protocol (VRRP) is a protocol used for the purpose of redundancy between routers, virtual router redundancy protocol (VRRP) will guarantee high availability network and minimize confusion on one of the network devices. The ap-plication of VLAN is also aimed at over-coming traffic on networks that have multiple segments such as the case study in this study. This study aims to design a VRRP protocol to provide a redundant network and high availablelity network in MAN 1 Sema-rang. The results of this study obtained an average delay of 53,4ms and Packet Loss of 0.7%. From this re-search, it can be concluded that the VRRP protocol is very well applied as a back up link to the MAN 1 Semarang network topology.


This paper presents a summary of the current 'state of the art' in bioarchaeology in Ancient Egypt. Bioarchaeology has, in the past, been seen as a handmaiden to historical archaeology (including Egyptology), but current bioarchaeological research places the study of human remains at the forefront of major research questions. Bioarchaeology has moved beyond simply providing an inventory of skeletons or mummies recovered from sites, complete with descriptions of their pathological lesions, and is moving towards answering more theoretical questions about past people and their lives. In this paper, some of these major current theoretical issues in bioarchaeology are briefly discussed. The rest of the paper provides discussion and exemplars of some current approaches to bioarchaeology in Egypt and highlights future directions for potential research. Due to issues of space and the actual practicality of working in Egypt, unfortunately not all current avenues of bioarchaeological research are discussed (e.g. use of ancient DNA analyses).


Performance management in the private enterprise has always drawn the attention of experts and colleagues,but there are still many problems in practice.Basing on the research and application of department performance management in the private enterprise,the paper brings forward "the Indices Matrix Model".At this point,the empirical analysis is taken to refine the performance indicators at department level making use of factor analysis."The Indices Matrix Model" has been used in the practice and demonstrated its validity.


One of the dividends of internet revolution in Africa relates to the privilege it accords all and sundry to access news online and share their views with the online community through Online Discussion Platforms. Recently, however, the kind of heated discussions emanating from these platforms is becoming an issue of concern. Abusive languages and arguments revolving around religion, politics and ethnic sentiments appear to pervade most online commentaries. This development appears to be generating fears among some members of the public on the possibility of violence, ethnicity and religious intolerance from these discussion platforms. Consequently, the questions that come to mind are: can online platforms be a source of violence? What have been the overall benefits of discussion platforms and how can Nigeria and Africa further make use of these platforms for its benefit. Providing answers to these questions becomes important through an assessment of online discussion platforms in Nigeria, its contributions to the society and its setbacks; further, a critical exploration of the connection between discussion platforms and violence becomes crucial. The paper concludes with some recommendations on how Nigeria and Africa as a continent can further use the platforms for its benefit.


The A to Z of Australian Radio and Television provides essential facts and information concerning the Australian radio and television industry. This is accomplished through the use of a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on directors, producers, writers, actors, television and radio series, and television and radio stations.


Walk with us. Girls, gather your friends and family together for our annual 10km and join us for the biggest pyjama party in town!


Accurate and highly stable temporal synchronization between an electron bunch and a pulse from an external seed laser is one of the key requirements for successful operation of a seeded FEL in the XUV and soft x-ray regime. These requirements become more stringent when the electron bunch is longitudinally compressed to sub-ps durations in order to increase the current for more efficient FEL action. In this paper we present experimental measurements of the electron bunch arrival time jitter after the first magnetic compressor of FERMI@Elettra seeded FEL as a function of the compression factor. The experimental behavior of the pulse-to-pulse time jitter agrees both with results from tracking code simulations and with predictions from an analytical approach that takes into account the different sources of time jitter in FERMI, namely the photoinjector drive laser, the RF accelerating cavity phases and voltages, and fluctuations in the chicane bending magnet currents.


Articles of clothing are primarily used for protection, thermal insulation most often, which is generally permanent, depending upon the thickness of the fabric used, and for decoration as well. Protective role of an article of clothing is determined by its design and construction, is passive by nature and cannot be changed as a rule. Changing passive character of an article of clothing into an intensively active one, incorporating measuring and other sensors onto or under the articles of clothing, such that could detect the conditions related to the environment of the clothing, process these data and bring decisions which would give active character to the clothing, or offer a varying and adaptable automatic function of protecting from the cold. Contemporary state of miniaturisation of electronic components makes a successful integration of sensors, actuators, power and data buses possible, even a direct incorporation of microcomputers into the articles of clothing (Hartmann et al , 2000). Incorporation of electronic components and assemblies into the articles of clothing enables them to realise completely active thermal reactions. For example, the temperature of the environment and the temperature of the wearer' s skin can be detected and pads of thermal protection activated or deactivated, as necessary, to increase or decrease thermal insulation properties of the article of clothing in question. In this way, under the conditions of detected cold of the environment and lowered temperature of body skin, specially designed thermal protection pads are activated and automatically increase thermal protection properties of the clothing, until thermal balance is achieved. A reverse process is also feasible. An intelligent article of clothing, with an active thermal protection function, could make obsolete the practice of taking the clothes on and off under the conditions of changes in the environment temperature or physical exercise, when the body produces high quantities of thermal energy. The clothing would, through its ability to adapt automatically to the newly created conditions, react and change the conditions of wearing by varying thermal insulation. All technical systems of intelligent clothing with active thermal protection are presented. The whole architecture necessary to manufacture this kind of clothing is described. System of thermoinsulating chambers, sensors and measuring systems, microcontroller and control system, actuator system and power supply system based on hardware aspect are presented. Based on software aspect a measuring and control program with algorithm of intelligent behavior is presented.


We report the case of a 67-year-old female with a 24-year smoking history who initially underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in 2012 for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which demonstrated short-segment Barrett's esophagus without dysplasia. Repeat EGD 6 years later showed severe reflux esophagitis (LA grade D). She was subsequently diagnosed with limited systemic sclerosis (CREST syndrome) on the basis of Raynaud's disease, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias, seropositivity (anti-CENP-A, anti-CENP-B), and pulmonary hypertension. High-resolution esophageal manometry showed esophageal body aperistalsis with a hypotensive lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (Figure 1). Follow-up EGD after 1 year of acid suppression with a highdose proton pump inhibitor revealed a dilated esophagus with translucent, well-demarcated white scaly lesions throughout the esophagus (Figure 2). Esophageal biopsies showed areas of basal cell hyperplasia with acanthosis, hypergranulosis, hyperorthokeratosis, and focal parakeratosis, consistent with epidermoid metaplasia (Figure 3). She was started on a prokinetic agent (prucalopride, 5HT3 agonist) for symptoms of reflux and dysphagia. Repeat EGD 3 months later showed a slight improvement in esophageal mucosal appearance with mucosal biopsies showing acute chronic inflammation with parakeratosis, but no dysplasia, and no epidermoid metaplasia. Discussion


Since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster that occurred as a result of the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, uneasiness and an increased interest have developed regarding radiation exposure, particularly in Japan. In the town of Oma and Rokkasho village in Aomori Prefecture, a nuclear power plant is under construction that employs a full mixed oxide furnace and includes a plutonium reprocessing plant for the reuse of plutonium. The reuse of 47 tons of plutonium currently The Oma nuclear power plant is under construction near the town of Oma and Rokkasho village in Aomori Prefecture. The plant employs a full mixed oxide furnace and includes a plutonium reprocessing plant for the reuse of plutonium. To develop an appropriate medical treatment protocol in case of exposure to radiation from the plant, an understanding of the effects of plutonium on biological systems, in particular of those related to carcinogenicity, is required. Therefore, to examine the influence of plutonium on the human body, we have reviewed existing documents detailing surveys of workers exposed to plutonium radiation at the Manhattan Project in the United States of America and the Mayak facilities in Russia, as well as animal experiments conducted at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences and other facilities. We found that there is a significant dose-dependent relationship between internal exposure of plutonium and lung, liver, and bone cancers which is influenced by gender, age, and lifestyle habits. In contrast, radiation effects of plutonium on cancers other than those of the lungs, liver, and bone are considered to be extremely low.


The present paper points out the importance of environmental ambient monitoring evaluation related to particulate matter emissions into the atmosphere. The first part of our work focuses on primary and secondary particulate matter characteristics and methods for ambient environmental monitoring. Particulate matter measurements can be performed by direct or indirect methods. In both USA and Europe direct measures are in place and are set wholly in terms of the mass particles following generally the quantitative aspects. Indirect methods are in some way equivalent to the reference one, but adopt different measuring principle; three main classes can be distinguished: Beta gauge, TEOM and light scattering. In the second part of our work, results of the Operational Priority Substance (OPS) dispersion model were applied in order to estimate PM2.5 from gaseous precursors for two case studies, in Italy and Romania. This work is made in order to have a qualitative characterization and to individualize methods used also for a monitoring campaign which was made in South-West Romania, close to a thermoelectric plant. Some considerations on power plants' role related to primary and secondary particulate matter production are also included.


An evaluation index system of land carrying capacity in Hebei Province was constructed based on the function of land according to the principles of index screening.By using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,land resource of Xingtai City was analyzed.The results showed that land carrying capacity of Xingtai City of Hebei Province is A.Finally,several corresponding suggestions were put forward.


Combined with practical reinforcement reconstruction engineering of sauna in Feiyun modern town,the article discuses the basic principle of reinforcement by sticking steel,introduces the construction technology of sticking steel to main and secondary beam bracket,proposes quality control measures and safety notices of sticking,and summarizes the advantages of the reinforcement by sticking steel,in order to promote the application of the construction technology.


The new sociology of religion differs from the classical and mainstream sociology, which was in force until the end of the last century, in that it no longer considers religion only as an independent variable, but places it together with other dependent variables, so that it becomes possible to investigate new themes, especially those that do not consider religious involvement—from atheism to the phenomenon of 'nones' (non-believers and non-practicing), from spirituality to forms of para-religions and quasi-religions and the varied set of multiple religions.


This paper focus on the response of the transformer ratio (R) and energy gain by the wakefield to change or variation in beam/plasma parameters in a plasma wakefield acceleration scheme driven by positron beam in a metre – scale plasma simulated in two dimension, using the plasma form whose particles are variably weighted to represent density ramp. The positron beam propagation regime followed the magnetically self-focus regime.....


In a paper read before this section at its meeting in 1914, Mr. John Fraser made the statement that red marrow was immune or practically immune to tuberculosis. This statement was based on the results of attempted inoculation of the long bones of laboratory animals, whose marrow is of the red or lymphoid variety. The question is of great importance, and we have been conducting a series of experiments in the laboratories of the Stanford School of Medicine to test the accuracy of Mr. Fraser's conclusions. Dr. John F. Cowan and I conducted one series, on which we shall report later. Dr. Jean Oliver and I conducted another series which I shall report here. 1 The animals used were rabbits and guinea-pigs. With the former, bovine tubercle bacilli were employed (Cutter Laboratory bovine strain, K 9), with the latter, human bacilli from a virulent strain supplied by Dr. Hirschfelder. The


This document identifies scope and some general procedural steps for performing Remediated Nitrate Salt (RNS) Surrogate Formulation and Testing. This Test Plan describes the requirements, responsibilities, and process for preparing and testing a range of chemical surrogates intended to mimic the energetic response of waste created during processing of legacy nitrate salts. The surrogates developed are expected to bound1 the thermal and mechanical sensitivity of such waste, allowing for the development of process parameters required to minimize the risk to worker and public when processing this waste. Such parameters will be based on the worst-case kinetic parameters as derived from APTAC measurements as well as the development of controls to mitigate sensitivities that may exist due to friction, impact, and spark. This Test Plan will define the scope and technical approach for activities that implement Quality Assurance requirements relevant to formulation and testing.


Background: Asian Americans are a rapidly growing racial/ethnic group in the United States. Our current understanding of Asian American cardiovascular disease mortality patterns is distorted by the aggregation of distinct subgroups, which masks the heterogeneity of cardiovascular disease and survival among diverse Asian American subgroups. Objective and Design: We examined cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality rates for the six largest Asian American subgroups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese) from 2003-2010. U.S. death records were used to identify race/ethnicity and cause of death by ICD-10 coding (I00-I09, I11, I13, I20-I69). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR), relative SMRs (rSMRs), and proportional mortality ratios (PMR) were calculated for each sex and ethnic group relative to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Results: 15,943,806 death records were examined. Asian Indian men and women and Filipino men had higher relative SMRs and PMRs for all cardiovascular disease and ischemic heart disease compared to NHWs and other Asian subgroups. Every female Asian subgroup except Koreans had higher rSMRs and PMRs for rheumatic heart disease compared to NHWs. Relative SMRs and PMRs were lower for heart failure but higher for hypertensive heart disease and all cerebrovascular disease including both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke for men and women in every Asian subgroup compared to NHW men and women, respectively. Conclusions: The variation in cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality patterns among diverse Asian American subgroups calls to attention the need for more research to help direct more specific treatment and prevention efforts, especially in hypertension and stroke, to reduce health disparities for this rapidly growing population.


Ayurvedic system of medicine is one of the oldest systems in India. Herbs and herbal products, with their incredibly wide use throughout time and place, continue to provide real health benefits while maintaining safety profile. The conservative drug available in the marketplace treat inflammation and analgesia produces various side effects. For conquer these problems medicinal plants play a major role to alleviate many diseases related with inflammation and analgesia. Tectona grandis (Family - Lamiaceae) is one of the most famous timber plants in the world and is renowned for its dimensional stability, extreme durability and hard which also resists decay even when unprotected by paints and preservatives. Teak is the major exotic species found in tropical regions. It allays thirst, and acts as antihelmintic, expectorant and anti-inflammatory. The objective of present study was to evaluate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and antihelmintic of ethanolic extracts of Tectona grandis leaves. The results of plant extracts were found to have significant (P


GaInN/GaN multiple quantum shells (MQS) nanowires and p-GaN shells were embedded with n-GaN layers through tunnel junction (TJ) shells using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method. The MQS nanowires were selectively grown on n-GaN/sapphire or GaN substrates. The fabrication process of laser structures with different resonators of 600500, 750, 1000 μm, and cavity widths of 7, 12, and 17 μm were investigated with insulating layer on the sidewalls of the ridge. The structures of the fabricated devices were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and current-voltage-light output characteristics were evaluated. Two different methods for mirror formation, etching and cleavage, were developed for the laser devices. During the investigation, a superior mirror formation suffered from the difference in etching rate between GaInN and GaN, generating concaves in the MQS region. Bluegreen light emission was observed from the entire ridge surface of the MQS index-guided laser structures. A maximum current density of emission at 17.9 kA/cm2 has been confirmed in the devices. The electroluminescence and cathodoluminescence measurements demonstrated that the r-plane and c-plane at the top of the MQS are dominant at low current densities, and the m-plane emission becomes stronger as the current density increases.


The following case of Barlow's disease (forme fruste of scurvy) is presented because of its striking characteristics and its relative rarity in this country: An Italian girl presented herself to Temple University Hospital Dispensary with a painless, progressive enlargement of the head, which had reached striking proportions within a period of three weeks and at first glance suggested an ordinary hydrocephalus. No complaint aside from the noticeable enlargement of the head was described by the patient or by her family. The child was admitted to the service of Dr. Temple Fay and the neurologic and other examinations proved to be entirely negative. Certain unusual features of the case suggested Barlow's disease, and the subsequent treatment employed for the extensive subaponeurotic hematoma of the scalp completely relieved the condition. The full effect of vitamin C therapy could not be ascertained in this instance, as the blood under the


* Data are from Johnson et al.1 To the Editor: Johnson et al. (Sept. 18 issue)1 discuss the use of computed tomographic (CT) colonography as a noninvasive option in screening for colorectal cancer, with optical colonoscopy and histologic review serving as the reference standard. Two important points merit discussion. First, sensitivities that are reported in the "perpolyp" analysis for lesions measuring 5 to 9 mm in diameter are deceiving since values are reported as "greater than or equal to" a certain size. With this method, a higher sensitivity for larger lesions falsely elevates the sensitivity for smaller ones. Using data abstracted from Tables 3 and 4 in the article, we calculated the number of adenomas or cancers of each specified size (Table 1). For example, for the specified size of 5 mm, 32 of 104 known lesions were detected by CT colonography, yielding a sensitivity of 31%. Our analysis revealed a sensitivity of 46% (113 of 246) for adenomas measuring 5 to 9 mm and of 57% (81 of 142) for those measuring 6 to 9 mm in size in aggregate. This factor is important because the field is maturing to the point at which specific treatment is predicated on the size of individual lesions.2 The second critical point has to do with the generalizability of the study's results, since only 15 of 20 highly experienced radiologists were allowed to participate. If CT colonography were widely implemented, could the average radiologist participate? Don C. Rockey, M.D. Samir Gupta, M.D.


The purpose of this paper is to discuss the research issues related to multi-site distributed software development environments. We describe a potential approach in which we utilize 'ontologies' as part of a communication framework for multi-site distributed software development environments. We organise software engineering concepts, ideas and knowledge, software development methodologies, tools and techniques into an - 'ontology' -, and use it as the basis for classifying the concepts in communication thereby enabling questions, problem solving and sharing solution development and knowledge to be shared between multi-site teams.


The aim of this article is to show when and why the demonstrative item this/these is chosen rather than that/those, when the demonstrative is used as a determiner in front of a noun followed by some phrasal constituent (relative or participial clause, NP, PP) that contributes (decisively or not) to the identification of the referent of the head noun: see (1) and (2). As will be shown, the following situations can be found: 1°) only this (or these) is possible in the given context; 2°) only that (or those); 3°) both are grammatical - in which case the author's actual choice is to be accounted for. It is argued that it is chiefly the notion of referential autonomy of the sequence (where D stands for demonstrative) that must be taken into account. Considering the sequence where X represents a constituent (or a string of constituents) that in some way help(s) to identify the referent of N, if N does not crucially depend on X for referential identification the determiner will be this or these, not that/those. When it does depend on X, that or those is usually chosen and is often the only grammatical option, yet this is not always the case as will be shown: that or those can be simply the unmarked form, this/these remaining a possibility.


The differences of Coalbed Methane(CBM) geological characteristics and gas-controlling function between low rank coal and high rank coal,which is an important portion of the CBM reservoir research and the CBM development and exploration theory research.Based on some CBM basins,such as Qinshui,Fuxin and Power River Basin in America,physical property differences of reservoirs between high and low coal ranks were discussed,gas-controlling differences between structure and hydrologic geology were analyzed.The reservoirs with the high rank coal have high gas content,with δ13C1 value over -38.75‰,poor permeability.Reservoir reformation is difficult.Tectonic thermal event contributes mainly to CBM generation and enriching.Everlasting hydrodynamic force would destroy CBM reservoir seriously.The reservoirs with the low rank coal have low gas content,with δ13C1 value -49.11‰,good permeability.Reservoir reformation is comparatively easy.CBM generation and enriching are influenced by coal thermal evolution history and coal rank.During the CBM generating process,stirring hydrodynamic force is taken as the main geological agent,but everlasting hydrodynamic force would destroy CBM reservoir slightly,and proper formation water salinity is an important factor of low rank CBM generating.


In day to day life, security of an object or property plays a major role. Nowadays, security is the major threat faced by most of the organizations; hence security is gaining more importance in these days. This paper gives a survey on various automatic identification and access control mechanisms that have been used over the years to prevent unauthorized access. In olden days, for high security zones like locker rooms for banks, military sites etc, traditional lock systems or passwords were employed. But this solution was not secure. Due to the advancements in technology RFID cards were used, but this was not useful for the user due to the chance of getting lost, forgotten or stolen. Later various door lock security systems based on biometrics, GSM, OTP, cryptography etc were developed. A lot of research is going on various automatic door lock systems and can expect more secure systems in the upcoming years.


Context. The nature of circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) around Cepheids is a matter of ongoing debate. The physical origin of their infrared (IR) excess could be shown to either be made up of a shell of ionized gas, a dust envelope, or a combination of both.
Aims. This study is aimed at constraining the geometry and the IR excess of the environment of the bright long-period Cepheid ℓ Car (P = 35.5 days) at mid-IR wavelengths in order to understand its physical nature.
Methods. We first used photometric observations in various bands (from the visible domain to the infrared) and Spitzer Space Telescope spectroscopy to constrain the IR excess of ℓ Car. Then we analyzed the VLTI/MATISSE measurements at a specific phase of observation in order to determine the flux contribution as well as the size and shape of the environment of the star in the L band. Finally, we tested the hypothesis of a shell of ionized gas in order to model the IR excess.
Results. We report the first detection in the L band of a centro-symmetric extended emission around ℓ Car, of about 1.7 R⋆ in full width at half maximum, producing an excess of about 7.0% in this band.This latter value is used to calibrate the IR excess found when comparing the photometric observations in various bands and quasi-static atmosphere models. In the N band, there is no clear evidence for dust emission from VLTI/MATISSE correlated flux and Spitzer data. On the other side, the modeled shell of ionized gas implies a more compact CSE (1.13 ± 0.02 R⋆) that is also fainter (IR excess of 1% in the L band).
Conclusions. We provide new evidence supporting a compact CSE for ℓ Car and we demonstrate the capabilities of VLTI/MATISSE for determining common properties of CSEs. While the compact CSE of ℓ Car is likely to be of a gaseous nature, the tested model of a shell of ionized gas is not able to simultaneously reproduce the IR excess and the interferometric observations. Further Galactic Cepheid observations with VLTI/MATISSE are necessary for determining the properties of CSEs, which may also depend on both the pulsation period and the evolutionary state of the stars.


Testing has been conducted with the BKH rocket combustor at the European Research and Technology Test Facility P8 for cryogenic rocket engines at DLR Lampoldshausen. BKH has multiple shear coaxial injectors and an exhaust modulation system for forcing excitation of acoustic resonances in the combustion chamber. Optical access windows allow the application of parallel high-speed shadowgraph and flame emission imaging of the near-injector region. This paper reports measurements of the intact liquid oxygen core during forced excitation of the first transverse acoustic mode. High-speed shadowgraph images show that the mechanism of core breakup and atomization differs between off-resonance and first transverse excitation conditions. The core length is found to decrease with increasing amplitude of acoustic pressure, or equivalently with transverse acoustic velocity, with a core length reduction of up to 70% for conditions approaching those of naturally occurring high frequency combustion instabilities. This de...


In this paper, a viscous fluid flowing past a rotating isothermal cylinder with heat transfer is studied by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based on double-population approach. A numerical strategy presents for dealing with curved boundaries of second order accuracy for both velocity and temperature fields. The system, with constant and temperature-dependent viscosity, of fluid flowing and heat transfer are simulated numerically. The effects of the peripheral-to-translating-speed ratio on flow and heat transfer are discussed.


This thesis covers the conception of a bimanual interface for IMAGE v2, an application of visual interactive simulation aiming to help in understanding complex situations. This interface is user-centric and is developed principally for virtual immersive environments, environments in which IMAGE v2 is to be used. It is a gestural interface because users will interact with the application by using their hands. Two variants of the interface have been implemented, the first requiring the user to use only one hand and the other allowing the use of both hands. Those two variants were compared in a study on a group of users who executed a series of tasks with each variant of the interface, time being measured. This study showed that the bimanual interface increased significantly the performance and precision of the users.


A hybrid journal-thrust floating-ring bearing with independent oil supply for inner and outer fluid film was presented.The static characteristics parameters under different inner and outer oil supply pressure were calculated by Finite Element Method.The calculation results show that the friction power is not increased sharply and other static characteristics parameters are changed a little with the change of oil supply pressure.The results offer reference to analyze the dynamic characteristics and stability of hydrostatic/hybrid floating-ring bearing with independent oil supporting systems.


To carry out a visual examination for chromosome abnormalities, individual chromosome regions need to be determined in a subject image and classified into distinct chromosome types in advance. We have proposed a subregion based approach to improve this process. The proposed approach regards each chromosome region as a series of subregions and iterates searches for subregions in the subject image consecutively. To make this subregion based approach fit for practical use, in this paper, we propose an effective method of searching for subregions in chromosome images and present the results of subregion search experiments.


Alves F.R., Costa F.B., Machado P.P., Diniz A.N., Araújo A.V.C., Ambrósio C.E. & Guerra P.C. 2012. Anatomical and radiographic appearance of the capuchin monkey thoracic cavity (Cebus apella). Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1345-1350. Setor de Diagnóstico por Imagem, Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Universitário Ministro Petrônio Portella, Bairro Ininga, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com The capuchin monkey is widespread both north and south of the Legal Amazon and in the Brazilian cerrado. Ten clinically healthy capuchin monkeys were submitted to an anatomical and radiographic study of their thoracic cavities. The radiographic evaluation allowed the description of biometric values associated with the cardiac silhouette and thoracic structures. Application of the VHS (vertebral heart size) method showed positive correlation (P<0.05) with depth of the thoracic cavity, as well as between the body length of vertebrae T 3 , T 4 , T 5 and T 6 and the cardiac length and width. The lung ields showed a diffuse interstitial pattern, more visible in the caudal lung lobes and a bronchial pattern in the middle and cranial lung lobes. The radiographic examination allowed preliminary inferences to be made concerning the syntopy of the thoracic structures and modi ication of the pulmonary patterns and cardiac anatomy for the capuchin monkey.


We present CCD BVI photometry of the intermediate-age open cluster Pismis 2, covering from the brighter red giants to about 5 mag below the main-sequence turn-off. The cluster is heavily reddened and is possibly affected by a differential reddening of

Using the synthetic colour–magnitude diagram method, we estimate the distance modulus, , and age, , in a self-consistent way. The cluster probably contains a significant fraction of binary systems. The metallicity is most likely solar and the reddening ranges between 1.26 and 1.32 depending on the cluster region.


1. Understand the dynamics of Venezuela's urban society and why Venezuela has not experienced a robust rural-tourban shift to the extent that other countries have. 2. Summarize the production of the three main export products of Colombia and explain the US role in their export. 3. Compare the three main countries in the Andean West region of South America and understand how they gained their wealth and who has benefited the most over the years from that wealth. 4. Outline how Paraguay's geographical setting has allowed it to gain wealth and provide opportunities for its people.


The invention relates to a method for assisting parking in the output of a vehicle (1) comprising a distance evaluation (DL) between said vehicle (1) and an adjacent vehicle (2) and an end condition of support, the distance variation evaluated (DL) is a parameter for determining said support end condition.


The purpose of this study was to critically review biomechanical studies on foot orthoses (FO) in normal and diseased foot and provide beneficial information obtained from researches until now and future researching focus. The search was performed by Medline and Embase database including studies published in English from January 1980 to April 2007. The searching terms were foot orthoses, foot orthotics, insoles and shoe insert. 57 studies including 54 journal articles and 3 abstracts were finally selected under the conditions of having clinical trials, FO, control condition, movement, scientific measuring system. The reviewed studies were divided into 10 categories according to subject characteristics; healthy normal, excessive pronation or flexible flat foot, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, medial knee osteoarthritis, forefoot varus, plantar fasciitis, patellofemoral syndrome, cavus foot and finite element model. In summary, first, soft and semirigid FOs with some degree of cushioning showed much higher comfort and efficacy than rigid FO. Second, no big differences between prefabricated and custom FO were shown. Third, the full length`s FO was preferable to the half length`s FO or simple arch supports. Fourth, the wearing of FO combining medial arch supports and metatarsal dome made positive roles to enhance comfort and functionality and redistribute plantar pressure under the foot. Fifth, for patients with knee-related diseases lateral wedges were preferable. Sixth, measuring systems were properly applied according to the types of foot diseases.


Two fire affected soils have been studied using micromorphological methods. The objective of the paper 7 is to assess and compare fire effects on micropedological organization of soils in a forest steppe zone of the Central 8 Russia (Volga Basin, Togljatty city). Samples were collected in the green zone of Togljatti city. The results showed 9 that both soils were rich in quartz, feldspar. Mica was highly present in soils affected by surface fires, while 10 calcium carbonates were identified in the soils affected by crowns. The type of plasma is humus-clay, but the soil 11 assemblage is plasma-silt with the prevalence of the silt. Angular and subangular grains are the most dominant in 12 soil particulates. No evidence of intensive weathering was detected. There was a decreasing of the porosity in soils 13 affected by fires as consequence of soil pores filled with ash and charcoal. 14


Ab initio Hartree-Fock molecular orbital (MO) calculations are carried out for a system of linked [SiO 4 0] 4− and [AIO 4 ] 4− tetrahedra (denoted by a cluster). The system is regarded as a model of the tetrahedral sheet of a clay. The effective charges from the Mulliken population analyses are almost constant when the number of tetrahedra in a cluster increases from 1 to 6. The MO calculation is extended for the system of a point positive charge located over the surface of a cluster


The scope of this article is tracing back, with a keen chronological reconstruction, the path that President Carter undertook with his NonProliferation policy, outlining the difficulties he faced in managing the complex trade-off between curbing nuclear proliferation (trying to refurbish the Non-Proliferation Treaty) without damaging US image as a reliable supplier of nuclear fuel. The reconstruction will be organized around three chronological stages: a) the first phase (from the Presidential Campaign to the indefinite deferral of FBR), the second phase (managing Allies' complaints while trying to support alternative cycles and reactors to the LMFBR) and the third phase (the road to INFCE and its conclusion). It will include a specific part on the efforts that the Carter administration made to prevent, unsuccessfully, the spreading of sensible technologies (like plutonium fueled power plants) in Brazil and in Japan (Tokai-Mura complex). The debate over the safety of Tokai-Mura power plants proves to be extremely actual right after the emergency shutdown of the reactor and the structural damages to the cooling system of the plant caused by the terrible quake/tsunami that interested Northern Japan in March 2011.


. The solution of the realization of the third mission of the higher education institution is presented in the article. The relevance of the research is due to the need to identify management measures, which allow modern universities effectively to realize the tasks of the third mission. The realization of the third mission of the university is aimed to the development of the interaction of higher education institutions with public authorities, local communities and NGOs for the solution specific socially significant issues of the territorial development. During the review of researches of the realization of the university's third mission the author found that the impact of the university has planning nature for regional development. The author proved that the realization of the third mission of the higher education institution is focused on the implementation of socially oriented educational activities for different target groups; fulfilling the needs of the inhabitants of the region in obtaining various forms of continuing and additional education in an accessible form; preparation of proposals, expert opinions, bills aimed for improving the quality of life in the executive and legislative bodies; participation in the formation of a new scientific, cultural and business elite of the region, capable of modernizing society and innovation; preservation and increase of cultural traditions of the territorial community of the region, development of traditions of tolerance and cultural development of the region, patriotism. The author found that the realization of the third mission of the higher education institution can be provided by normative, organizational, scientific, methodological and project measures. The author systematized normative, organizational, scientific, methodological, project measures for the realization of the third mission of the university. The author identified the importance of implementing the third mission of higher education as the impact of the university on the development of the city, region and country.


In the process of land expropriation, the various conflicts and the phenomenon that the peasants' legitimate rights and interests have been infringing reflect the problems of current land expropriation compensation system of China-- land expropriation compensation mode violates the basic rules of the market ,the rural land property rights has been infringed and the land expropriation compensation mode is in breach of Pareto optimality principle.On the basis of the practical and theoretical analysis ,the paper points out that the land expropriation compensation should follow the law of how land price formed,and we should make efforts to explore the collective land transference and the rational allocation of land,establish the living and job security mechanism for the landless peasants simultaneously.


Four catalysts are developed for use in aquathermal cracking of heavy crude oil in reservoir strata. One of them(transition metal salts) is selected as the most effective and the optimal conditions of catalytic aquathermal cracking(CATC) in laboratory are established. For three heavy crude oils from Liahe CATC with 0.2% catalyst at 240℃ over 24 hrs leads to reduction in viscosity at 50℃ by 89.9—77.7% and to variation in composition: significant increase of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon contents and decrease of resin and asphaltene contents and displacement of hydrocarbon distribution to direction of lower carbon number. The field tests on in situ CATC of reservoir heavy oil are successful: after injecting a proper catalyst into 3 steam huff puff wells the viscosities of produced heavy crudes are notably decreased.


Objective: To study the distribution of normal WC and provide a reference for the establishment of the screening criteria of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescent by utilizing the BMI criteria for children and adolescents developed by WGOC. Methods: 146,306 Han primary and middle school students aged 7- 18 years old from 15 provinces or cities monitored by National Student Physical Health Survey in 2008 were recruited as subjects. Using BMI criteria for children and adolescents developed by The WGOC as the reference,the WC cutoff points of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents were analyzed with ROC curve. Results: The correlation coefficients between BMI and WC were generally beyond 0. 8 for boys,and 0. 7 for girls( except 7- year- old girls); For overweight category,WC cutoff point of 7- 12 years boys were mainly at the 70th percentile( WC: 58. 1. 0- 68. 3cm),for13- 18years,75th percentile( 71. 5- 76. 0cm),and the sensitivities and the specificities were between 0. 808- 0. 922 and 0.824- 0. 912 respectively. WC cutoff point of 7- 8- year girls were mainly at the 75th percentile( WC: 56. 3- 58.1cm),and 9- 18 years,the 80th percentile( WC: 61. 3- 72. 9cm) with the sensitivities and the specificities being between 0. 770- 0. 905 and 0. 811- 0. 983 respectively. For obesity category,WC cutoff point of 7- 12 year- old boys were mainly at the 85th percentile( WC: 62. 4- 73. 8cm),13- 18 years,at the 90th percentile( WC: 78. 8- 82. 1cm)with the sensitivities and the specificities being between 0. 872- 0. 937 and 0. 868- 0. 943 respectively. WC cutoff point of 7- 10 year- old girls were mainly at the 85th percentile( WC: 59. 1- 65. 3cm),and 11- 18 years at the 90th percentile( WC: 70. 1- 76. 4cm) with the sensitivities and the specificities being between 0. 789- 0. 936 and 0. 881-0. 932 respectively. Conclusion: For overweight category,the WC cutoff points were proposed at the 75th percentile for boys and the 80th for girls. For obesity category,the WC cutoff points before puberty were proposed at the 85th percentile and the 90th percentile after the puberty( boys of 13 years old,girls of 11 years old or so in China).


Channel assignment for wireless radios employing random access is found in several contexts, including low-power wide area network (LPWAN) protocols such as LoRaWAN. This paper considers the assignment of a set of $N$ colocated random access radios, each with offered load $\chi$, to $M$ identical wireless channels with the objective of maximizing the sum throughput, subject to the classical collision model in which a transmission attempt is successful if it is the only attempt in that time slot on that channel. The approximately optimal throughput assignment is characterized, where the approximation is due to the integrality relaxation of the combinatorial problem, in terms of $(N, M, \chi)$.


An enhanced high-efficiency switching-capacitor DC-DC voltage converter based on the combination of charge transfer switch (CTS) charge pump and cross-coupled output stage is presented. Some motivated methods to overcome the reverse charge sharing problem of traditional CTS charge pump are discussed and a new mixed structure is proposed to conquer the remaining problem of threshold drop at the output stage. The charge pump proposed can operate at 1MHz switching-frequency on the 0.1µF pump-capacitors. After the simulation by using HSPICE 0.35 µm TSMC process, our work can convert the input low DC-voltage (VDD=1.5V) up near to 5 times of it (VOUT= 7.4483V) and the pump-efficiency reaches to 99.31%. The new proposed charge pump circuit is suitable for low-voltage applications in CMOS process because there is no threshold voltage drop in every stage even at the output stage. A great achievement has been obtained.


Human-like robots are increasingly becoming an engineering reality thanks to recent technology advances. These robots, which are inspired greatly by science fiction, were originated from the desire to reproduce the human appearance, functions and intelligence and they may become our household appliance or even companion. The development of such robots is greatly supported by emerging biologically inspired technologies. Potentially, electroactive polymer (EAP) materials are offering actuation capabilities that allow emulating the action of our natural muscles for making such machines perform lifelike. There are many technical issues related to making such robots including the need for EAP materials that can operate as effective actuators. Beside the technology challenges these robots also raise concerns that need to be addressed prior to forming super capable robots. These include the need to prevent accidents, deliberate harm, or their use in crimes. In this paper, the potential EAP actuators and the challenges that these robots may pose will be reviewed.


Leszek KOCZANOWICZ Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities (Wrocław) Do Cultural Studies Need Philosophy? Warburg and Agamben on Philosophy and Cultural Science For this article, analysing associations between cultural studies and philosophy, the starting point is Aby Warburg's concept of cultural science, which intertwines philosophical threads and interpretations of works of art in their cultural contexts. Giorgio Agamben would in turn build on Warburg's ideas, establishing cultural science as a domain where relocations of motifs and clues are laboriously reconstructed, while avoiding universal statements or formulations. Cultural science sets for itself different tasks than philosophy does; it would not have been conceived, however, without the help of philosophy – or without its rejection. 23 G. Agamaben Philosophical Archeology, s. 111.


Information security is an important issue. Recently many social aspects have developed reliance on networking infrastructures. Health, finance, and many other sectors are using local networks and the global Internet. The security of this infrastructure has been called into a question over the last decade. In particular, how to send data securely? It is well known that Hash algorithm works in o ne way and cannot be reversed, we can design a one way hash algorithm by using one of the most famous symmetric cryptosystems since its invention in 1929, which named Hill cipher algorithm. Since Hill cipher requires the inverse of the key matrix for decryption. This inverse not always exists, so we can use non-invertible matrices. to propose a model for our new hash algorithm.


Social media are pervasive and private social networks like Facebook have become also part of the university life. Besides the ongoing discussion about the academic potential of Facebook, it is an open question if the use of Facebook influences the student/lecturer relation that is an important factor in education. Additionally, former findings on gender-related differences in communication and social networking suggest that the perception of the academic hierarchy between students and lecturers might be different for males versus females. Beyond this background I investigated if and how the subjective view of the hierarchy between students and lecturers is associated with the academic status and gender. Additionally, I explored the influence of Facebook contacts between students and their lecturers (herein after denoted as "SL-contacts"). The research question was addressed by a 2x2x2 between-design with three independent variables, namely academic status (students vs. lecturer), gender (male vs. female), and own SL-contacts (with vs. without). Dependent variable was the subjective view of the hierarchy between students and their lecturers, i.e., if the participants see the student/lecturer relation as a dependent hierarchical relationship (hierarchical view) or as an equal partnership (egalitarian view). Furthermore, social desirability was included as control variable. The variables were measured as part of an online survey. The data base for this study comprised 1872 valid interviews (with 1714 students and 158 lecturers). The results of the 2x2x2 ANCOVA showed a significant effect for the academic status, i.e., students estimated the student/lecturer relationship as more hierarchical than lecturers. Additionally, there was a significant effect for gender, i.e., males rated the student/lecturer relationship more hierarchical than females. Besides these two main effects, there were two non-significant tendencies: first, an interaction between gender and academic status and second, an interaction between gender and SLcontacts. In relation to these interactions, additional detailed analyses showed that the significant gender effect could be verified only for the group of lecturers with SL-contacts: Female lecturers with SL-contacts perceived the relation between students and lecturers less hierarchical and more egalitarian compared to male lecturers with SL-contacts. For the groups of lecturers without SLcontacts, students with, and students without SL-contacts there were no significant gender-related differences. Overall, the reported findings have several implications: The students' more pronounced hierarchical view of the student/lecturer relation can be explained by a stronger dependency of the students' career on lecturers than vice versa. The gender effect, i.e., the more pronounced egalitarian view of females is in line with prior research. However, this gender effect holds true only for female lecturers with SL-contacts. Thus, female lecturers who are connected with their students on Facebook seem to be a special group that has a less traditional but more collaborative and egalitarian view of the student/lecturer relation. This suggests also gender-related differences in the lecturers' use of private social networks like Facebook. Further studies should investigate if and how this is reflected in the teaching style and might influence learning processes.


The qualitative method has grown to become an important methodological alternative
within social science research. The qualitative method can to some extent be
regarded as uniform and to some exten ...


Zr65Al7.5Cu27.5(Z-3), Zr65Al10Cu15Ni10(Z-4)and Zr55Al15Cu15Ni10Ti5(Z-5)glassy wires with a large supercooled liquid region were produced by a newly designed method, i. e., melt extraction using an arc furnace. The wire has a circular cross section and a smooth peripheral surface, but small flaws are observed on the surface. The Tg and Tx of the Z-4 and Z-5 glassy wires are nearly the same as those of the melt-spun glassy ribbons. The Z-4 glassy wire has a large super coold liquid region of 95 K. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the Z-4 glassy wire is 9.2 × 10-6K-1 and the temperature of electrical resistance of the Z-5 glassy wire is-9.0×10-5 K-1, respectively. Tensile fracture strength and elongation are 1170 MPa and 1.9 %, respectively, for the Z-3 glassy wire and 1590 MPa and 2.2 %, respectively, for the Z-4 glassy wire. The fracture surface consists mainly of a vein pattern which is the same as that for amorphous alloys.


groups associated with dental care for caries and for in ABSTRACT: Associate food groups with (cid:210)dental caries care(cid:211) and (cid:210)for gingivitis(cid:211) in adolescents between 12 and 24 years of age from public schools in Morelos, M(cid:142)xico. The dependent variables: (cid:210)dental care for caries(cid:211) and (cid:210)for gingivi-tis(cid:211) were defined by self-report. The food groups were obtained from a consumption questionnaire in the last year. The daily nutritional intake was estimated calculating each nutritional content of the foods using food tables and then they were added according to the group they belonged to (dairy, fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, meat and eggs, fish and seafood, carbonated drinks and bottled juices and sweets. Multilevel logistic models for repeated measurements were used for the analysis to identify associations (OR) between intake of each food group with (cid:210)dental caries care(cid:211) and (cid:210)for gingivitis(cid:211). In the adjusted analysis, (cid:210)dental caries care(cid:211) was associated with: fruits (OR 1.70), carbonated drinks and bottled juices (OR 1.38) and sweets (OR 1.44), while cereals remained at the marginal level (OR 1.34). No association with (cid:210)for gingivitis(cid:211) found. Foods high in refined carbohydrates are essential to go to dental services for dental caries.


Effects of Y 2O 3 contents on mechanics and thermal properties of ZrO 2 ceramics sintered at 1 580 ℃×1 h are studied. The results show that the best mechanical properties of ZrO 2 stabilized by Y 2O 3 can be obtained when Y 2O 3 contents are 3.0% mol; As for same sorts of materials with different phases, the thermal-shock resistance can be simply related with bending strength and string expansion coefficient, the best thermal-shock resistance can be obtained when Y 2O 3 contents are 2.5%mol. Therefore, working conditions must be studied carefully so that ideal mechanical and thermal properties could be obtained together.


Herbivory by ungulates can shape the structure and function of riparian forests. However, our understanding of the interactions between herbivores and cottonwoods (Populus spp.) is largely derived from studies of domestic livestock grazing and may not reflect free ranging herds of wild ungulates. In this study, we quantified the influence of stream hydrologic regime and herbivory by wild ungulates on cottonwood establishment and growth along three rivers in Yellowstone National Park's northern range.