Background: Early detection of HIV status is an important step in ensuring that HIV-infected individuals receive appropriate care and treatment. HIV testing and counselling (HCT) sites at clinics, the workplace, and campaigns are often the primary channel for HIV testing. Circumcision clinics also provide testing and counselling services to large numbers of men of all ages requesting voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC). The objective of this study was to report HIV positivity in people testing at a stand-alone HCT clinic and a VMMC clinic. Method: A retrospective data review done over two years across two clinics at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital in Soweto: KhulaNdoda a voluntary medical male circumcision clinic and Zazi HCT clinic. Both sites offer a walk-in, free-of-charge HIV testing and counselling service. The results of all men over the age of 10 years, who attended either of the clinics and were HIV-tested, are included in this paper. Results: A total of 17,761 (13,801 VMMC clinic and 3,960 HCT clinic) males were tested. At the VMMC clinic all the people tested were males while the HCT clinic tested 45% (3960/8736) males and 55% (4,776/8,736) females. Overall 7.8% (CI: 7.4-8.2%; 1,385/17,761) of the males tested were newly diagnosed with HIV across both sites: 4.8% (CI: 4.4-5.2%; 670/13,801) at the VMMC clinic and 18% (CI: 16.8-19.2%;715/3,960) at HCT clinic (p<0.05). Among the females that tested at the HCT clinic 29.8% (CI: 28.5-31.1%; 1423/4776) were newly diagnosed with HIV. The overall (both males and females) HIV positivity at the HCT clinic was 24.5% (CI: 23.6-25.4%; 2138/8736). Conclusion: HCT and circumcision sites detect similar numbers but different HIV positivity. Circumcision programs provide an additional platform for young males, who might not go to a HCT clinic to know their HIV status and thus access care and treatment of HIV positive.


ABSTRACT Anna Barbauld creates a poetic epistemology, a particular way of knowing, that she uses to shape her readers' encounters with her poems. She demonstrates that poetry can transform empirical observation into a devotional experience that the reader can take forward beyond their immediate encounter with the poem. She combines observations with poetic techniques—and notably with epistolary characteristics—to produce an epistemology that draws on, questions, and reconfigures an empirical model, paying particular attention to the gendering of different modes and methods of knowledge production and their potential for religious devotional experience. Barbauld's poetic epistemology also, significantly, positions the reader as a participant, accomplice or critic in the act of creating knowledge at the moment of reading. She aims to instill in the reader a new, transformational, responsive mode of observation and interpretation that will imbue their future experiences of poetry, of God's creation, and the process of knowledge production itself with poetic and devotional ways of knowing.


This article discusses the connections between job performance, effort and job satisfaction. In a 2006 "Journal of Marketing" article, Markus Christen and David Soberman of INSEAD and Ganesh Iyler of the University of California at Berkeley argue the need to consider job characteristics, effort and compensation to better understand the connections between firm performance, job satisfaction and job performance. They review the connections in view of agency theory and conclude that job satisfaction and job performance are weakly connected.


The importance of conducting relational bonding concept in building business ties with customers is increasingly interesting to be studied further, especially in the development of halal tourism context. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the impact of Islamic Relational Bonding which consists of financial, social and structural bonding on visitors' revisit intention in halal destination of Sade Village. This research was conducted in halal destination of Sade Village, Pujut, Central Lombok. The method used is quantitative research with purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through observation, literature studies, and distributed questionnaire to the visitors who have visited Sade Village. This study finds that Islamic Relational Bonding which consists of financial, social and structural bonding positively impact visitors' revisit intention in halal destination of Sade Village. Furthermore, from those three types of Islamic Relational Bonding, it is found that Structural bonding contributes to the highest impact on visitors' revisit intention.


We study the proof complexity of Paris-Harrington's Large Ramsey Theorem for bi-colorings of graphs and of off-diagonal Ramsey's Theorem. For Paris-Harrington, we prove a non-trivial conditional lower bound in Resolution and a non-trivial upper bound in bounded-depth Frege. The lower bound is conditional on a (very reasonable) hardness assumption for a weak (quasi-polynomial) Pigeonhole principle in Res(2). We show that under such an assumption, there is no refutation of the Paris-Harrington formulas of size quasi-polynomial in the number of propositional variables. The proof technique for the lower bound extends the idea of using a combinatorial principle to blow up a counterexample for another combinatorial principle beyond the threshold of inconsistency. A strong link with the proof complexity of an unbalanced off-diagonal Ramsey principle is established. This is obtained by adapting some constructions due to Erdős and Mills. We prove a non-trivial Resolution lower bound for a family of such off-diagonal Ramsey principles.


This study examines what aspiring principal candidates in one university-based preparation program learned as a result of developing and implementing a school improvement plan. A case study approach was used to examine 53 aspiring principals' reports of what they learned from implementing school improvement plans. Findings revealed three significant themes: (1) the importance of collaboratively engaging the participants of the school improvement plan; (2) the essential need of establishing relationships; and (3) understanding the significance and impact of data-driven decisions. Findings can inform leadership preparation programs to redirect coursework that will help aspiring principals improve leadership skills.


Internet has become integral part of the library and it facelifted libraries as a global platform for knowledge sharing hub. Powerful searching tools and technique have emerge in library sector such as internet search engine, information portals, multi format publisher and online digital library portal for researchers and students, google itself provides enough opportunities to become library a global player for the access of scholarly information, this article focuses on few general aspects e-learning with a modern digital library, OPAC, Circulation etc.

Keywords: Circulation, Resource sharing, Services, Catalogue, Circulation, Automation.


Electrolytic deposit of indium, platinum and platinum-indium alloy on the surface of graphite electrodes has been studied using the scanning electron microscopy and the stripping voltammetry. The scanning electron microscopy method has revealed that platinum-indium alloy on the surface of the graphite electrode contains indium, platinum and chlorine. But platinum is unable to be determined on the surface of the graphite electrode without a metal activator due to its precipitation in very small quantities. Under the anodic oxidation of indium-platinum precipitation, the anodic peaks caused by the selective electro-oxidation of indium from the intermetallic compounds with platinum are observed on the current-voltage curves. Wherein, platinum remains on the electrode surface, and can be oxidized from the electrode at the potentials of the electrode purification (more than 1 V).


The invention concerns a sintered solid-state electrolyte with a high oxygen-ion conductivity made from oxides of quadrivalent metals and from stabilizer oxides. The powders used as the starting materials consist substantially of nanometer-range crystals with a means diameter of <100 nm, preferably from 5 to 40 nm. The invention also concerns a method of producing the electrolyte as well as films or film systems in electrochemical components which consist entirely or partly of the electrolyte proposed.


The work is devoted to a quantitative comparison of different inorganic scintillators to be used in neutron-radiation inspection systems. Such systems can be based on the tagged neutron (TN) method and have a significant potential in different applications such as detection of explosives, drugs, mines, identification of chemical warfare agents, assay of nuclear materials and human body composition [1]-[3]. The elemental composition of an inspected object is determined via spectrometry of gammas from the object bombarded by neutrons which are tagged by an alpha-detector built inside a neutron generator. This creates a task to find a quantitative indicator of the object identification quality (via elemental composition) as a function of basic parameters of the γ-detectors, such as their efficiency, energy and time resolutions, which in turn are generally defined by a scintillator of the detector. We have tried to solve the task for a set of four scintillators which are often used in the study of TN method, namely BGO, LaBr3, LYSO, NaI(Tl), whose basic parameters are well known [4]-[7].


Scientists in recent times have experienced a broad utilization of both deep learning approaches and neural networks through wireless communication. However, these deep learning approaches can offer better decision-making and predictions for future activities. On the other hand, neural networks can learn regularly by themselves and provide relevant output that is unlimited to the offered input. With the application of both DL and NN via wireless communication, reaping the merits of the modern-day digital economy has become easier than before. Researchers in the research paper has successfully conducted a comparative analysis between DL and NN. While NN can be used to transmit data in both input-output values via wireless connections, DL at once enhances the data transformation scopes for a better and more sustainable future. Primary research has been conducted with 60 individuals to understand their practical knowledge on the topic. The data was collected in a way to support the comparative analysis of this research. After the primary research analysis, secondary data has been analyzed as well to support the primary research findings. Findings showed that Deep Learning (DL) has outcompeted the Neural Network (NN) in terms of benefits in wireless communication. The DL has the capacity to manage enormous amounts of data which is not possible using NN. Moreover, DL is effective in storing historical data and can process complex information better than NN.


See related research article by Leslie and colleagues on page [290][1] and at [www.cmaj.ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.111158][2]

Osteoporosis is a common, chronic and costly disease that affects millions of Canadians and costs billions of dollars each year.[1][3] Although the only clinical consequence


We consider a "subcritical" nonlinear Schrödinger equation as a simple model of a biphase (vapor/ liquid) superfluid helium. Both cavitation and vortex nucleation might occur in such a liquid whenever the local velocity exceeds certain critical values. In our model, the critical velocity for cavitation is smaller than the one for the appearance of vortices. However, cavitation mediates vortex nucleation by a self-sustained mechanism. This effect dramatically decreases the critical speed for dissipation.


The thousands of deaths and disabilities due to workplace accidents and injuries in the United States each year make occupational safety a significant issue. Occupational safety research has contri...


Objective To investigate the expressions of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2(MRP2) and lung resistance protein(LRP) in breast cancer and their correlations with clinicopathological features of the cancer.Methods The expressions of MRP2 and LRP were detected by immunohistochemistry envision 2-step techniques in breast cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue of 120 surgical specimens of breast cancer.The relationship between MRP2 and LRP expression and their correlations with the clinicopathological features of the cancer were analyzed.Results The positive expression rates of MRP2(46.7%,56/120) and LRP(51.7%,62/120) in the breast cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in the normal breast tissue adjacent to the tumor(15.0%,18/120 and 5.0%,6/120 respectively)(P0.05).The expression of MRP2 was not related to the clinicopathological features of breast cancer(P0.05),while the expression of LRP was closely correlated with the differentiation degree and axillary lymph node metastases of the cancer(P0.05).No significant correlation was observed between MRP and LRP expression(r=0.109,P0.05).Conclusions MRP2 and LRP are over-expressed in breast cancer.The expression of MRP2 is not related to the clinicopathological features of the cancer,while the expression of LRP may play important roles in the malignant proliferation,differentiation and lymph node metastases of the cancer.No significant correlation is found between MRP and LRP expression in breast cancer.


Objective To investigate the status of the advanced schistosomiasis patients in Heqing county,and thus to provide basis for prevention and treatment measures.Methods Suspect patients of advanced schistosomiasis from endemic villages in 2010 were checked,based on report forms.Results A total of 116 advanced schistosomiasis patients were found in 2011,85 of which had been reported in 2010 and 79 patients survived(6 dead).Totally 37 cases underreported in history(6 since 2000).The prevalence rate of advanced schistosomiasis patients was 0.07% over the county.All the 116 patients got therapeutic history,27 of which received pathogen-specific treatment,88 patients received pathogen-specific surgical treatment,one received other kind of treatment.All the patients were hepatosplenomegaly type and the degree of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly was serious,while degree of inner diameter and external diameter of portal vein was more serious;the number of patients with grade Ⅱ or higher level liver fibrosis in the splenomegaly case accounted for considerable proportion.Conclusion The healthy statue of advanced schistosomiasis patients remains well;the effect of prevention and treatment measures are remarkable.


In 1993, a world-class magmatic nickel-copper-cobalt massive sulphide deposit, containing probably in excess of 150 million tonnes, was discovered near Voisey's Bay, Labrador. The mineralization is hosted by rocks of the Nain Plutonic Suite (NPS), a 1350 Ma to 1290 Ma assemblage of coalesced mafic and silicic plutons emplaced across an 1860 Ma collisional suture between the Archean Nain Province and the Paleoproterozoic Churchill Province. The NPS covers 20,000 square km and encompasses a diverse group of rocks of which the main "families" are anorthosite, troctolite, diorite and granite. These rocks represent a significant magmatic contribution to a tectonically quiescent crust, probably generated in an intracontinental extensional zone above a mantle plume. The Voisey's Bay deposit sits within a massive troctolite, the Reid Brook intrusion, interpreted to be the oldest pluton of this type within the NPS. The Voisey's Bay mineralization is disposed as intercumulus concentrations and as massive sulphide (pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and chalcopyrite) zones in several settings, including a steeply-dipping dyke, a bowl-shaped "ovoid", and a bifurcating lens ("Eastern Deeps") at the base of the intrusion. The Ni-Cu-Co mineralization represents gravitational accumulation and concentration of a sulphide liquid in the plutonic environment, coeval with formation of the Reid Brook intrusion. The sulphide liquid is interpreted to have been an integral part of the silicate magma at the time the Reid Brook intrusion was emplaced. The formation of the sulphide liquid is interpreted to be a result of contamination of the metal-laden Reid Brook magma by crustal-derived sulphur from underlying metasedimentary rocks.


Despite its high reputation, Carnegie Mellon University faces many of the same problems other universities in the United States confront. A recent study of the undergraduate population finds that while alcohol consumption at the University is lower than the national average, the use of other illegal substances is about equal. An attempt is made to determine some of the reasons college students consume alcohol, and whether the results of their consumption should be of concern to Carnegie Mellon.


Abstract The wall of the cylindrically-shaped outer hair cell is piezoelectric, which allows the cell to function as an electromechanical transducer in the mammalian inner ear. Polyelectrolytes, which are located in the cell wall, may be responsible for the cell's piezoelectric properties. The polyelectrolytes can change conformation in response to a change in the external electric field; this conformational change can cause the cell to change its length. We have developed a model to predict the voltage response of a cylindrical cell whose wall contains conformationally-mobile polyelectrolytes. The cell wall is modeled as a rectangular lattice of polyelectrolytes connected by springs. The springs represent the (non-piezoelectric) elastic portion of the cell wall. The polyelectrolytes can exist in one of two possible conformations. The energy of the polyelectrolyte is a function of both the trans-wall electric potential difference and the forces which are applied by the surrounding elastic material in the ...


Objective: A new, simple, and reproducible spectrophotometric analytical method was developed for the estimation of Prulifloxacin, from its tablet dosage form. Methods: The method is based on the oxidation of (2,4-DNP) 2,4- dinitrophenyl hydrazine and coupling of the oxidized product with drug to give intensely colored chromogen. Condensed product of Prulifloxacin at its λmax 480 nm shows linearity in the concentration range of 1-7 µg/ml. The results of analysis for the method have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. Result: Linear relationship with good correlation coefficients (0.994) was found between absorbances and the corresponding concentrations of the drug. The percentage recovery ranged from 98.8% and 99.58% for this method.


An effective way to increase the luminosity in the Fermilab Tevatron collider program Run2 is to improve the overall antiproton transfer efficiency. During antiproton coalescing in the Main Injector (MI), about 10-15% particles get lost. This loss could be avoided in a new antiproton transfer scheme that removes coalescing from the process. Moreover, this scheme would also eliminate emittance dilution due to coalescing. This scheme uses a 2.5 MHz RF system to transfer antiprotons from the Accumulator to the Main Injector. It is then followed by a bunch rotation in the MI to shorten the bunch length so that it can be captured by a 53 MHz RF bucket. Calculations and ESME simulations show that this scheme works. No new hardware is needed to implement this scheme.


This paper reports from a case study which investigates how Norrgavel, a Swedish furniture company, works with developing and integrating its company values in the organization. The problem of inqu ...


We experimentally investigate if theoretically superior non-monotonic repayment contracts yield superior results in the laboratory. We find replacing standard debt contracts with repayment-equivalent non-monotonic contracts increases entrepreneurial income by 170% and total surplus by 30%.


Abstract. The proliferation of human melanoma cells (MeWo) in vitro was studied with a number of different techniques. In particular, we compared the expression of PCNA and the Ki‐67 antigen on the one hand with BrdU pulse and continuous labelling on the other. Two‐dimensional flow cytometry (with DNA content as a second parameter) was employed to discriminate between cycling and non‐cycling cells as well as cells in the G1, S and G2 phases of the cycle. Cell cultures in different stages of growth were analyzed. We found that the percentage of anti‐PCNA and Ki‐67 positive cells agreed very well with the BrdU pulse and continuous labelling index, respectively. Our data further support the assumption that under certain conditions PCNA is a marker of S‐phase cells, whereas Ki‐67 can be used to quantify the growth fraction. Possible pitfalls of the techniques are discussed.


e19140Background: HIV-infected (HIV+) breast cancer patients may have significantly worse survival compared to HIV-uninfected (HIV-). If so, identifying the underlying mechanism might lead to effec...


The pored hinge-type flapping wing for ornithopter includes frame with air ports and movable leaves on the air ports. When the flapping wing raises, the opened air ports make airflow to pass to reduce resistance on the flapping wing; and when the flapping wing swings downwards, the leaves closed air ports increase resistance on the flapping wing and the counterforce makes the fuselage raise. The present invention can rotate the wings in certain angle and/or alter the wing swing direction to make the ornithopter obtain forward or backward driving force while producing lift force, and can turn via regulating the frequency and amplitude of the two swinging wings.


Abstract Filled with practical steps for all the stakeholders in the student teaching experience, this article emphasizes the many ways that communication adds to student teaching success, as well as includes useful checklists.


A single phase latch (SPL) suitable for GaAs domino logic gates and compatible with DCFL is presented. Two versions of the SPL are reported in this work: single ended SPL used in pure domino logic and differential SPL used in dynamic cascode voltage switch logic. SPL is compared with other common GaAs dynamic circuits and latches. The results demonstrate that SPL is superior in terms of device count, area, clock rate and power consumption.


Representations of the canonical and deformed commutation relations by bounded operators on p-adic Banach spaces are constructed. Functions from the Mahler basis of the space of p-adic continuous functions and their multiplicative analogues are shown to be the p-adic counterparts of the Hermite and q-Hermite functions. The analogue of the Stone - von Neumann uniqueness theorem fails in the p-adic case.


The number of official inspections of coal-tar dyes and their lakes from april in 1990 till march in 1991 was 836 in total. The quantity passed amounted to 238 ton in Japan. The production of color for each month was summarised in Table 1, and by each producing company in Table 2. The food coal-tar dye produced in the largest quantity was Food Yellow No. 4, occupying 46.2% in this period.


Assessing the appropriateness of truck axle weight limits and truck configurations from the standpoint of the impact on infrastructure is a critical issue in the determination of North American truck size and weight harmonization. A methodology is discussed for determination of pavement response, estimation of load equivalencies, and development of performance curves for different cases of flexible highway pavement and heavy-vehicle interactions for normal environmental and thaw conditions. The pavement response model uses the MSC Software Corporation's general-purpose finite element program, MSC.MARC. Seven different truck configurations, using North American axle weight limits, are used to illustrate the impacts of alternative truck configurations on flexible highway pavement systems. Three progressive schemes are employed for impact assessment: the truck-factor scheme, the repetitions-to-failure scheme, and the tonnage-over-life scheme.


Background The use of aromatase inhibitors (AIs), given after breast cancer, has been associated with a low bone mineral density (BMD) and as a risk factor for fragility fractures. We have reported on the risk factor for low BMD in a previous abstract and it showed that the use of AIs significantly reduced lumbar spine BMD and femoral neck BMD (1). The FRAX ™ tool uses the femoral neck BMD to predict fractures on a population basis but ignores the lumbar spine. Some patients who have undergone bilateral hip replacements would not be able to estimate their FRAX ™ risk accurately. Objectives To determine the predictors of fragility fractures in an observational cohort of female patients on aromatase inhibitors. Methods Female patients referred for BMD estimation in a scanner in the North West of England between 2004 and 2014 on aromatase inhibitors were identified from a dual X-ray absorptiometry database. Demographics and other risk factors, as well as fragility fractures, were recorded. Initially, those who had sustained a fracture were compared to those who had not sustained a fracture using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and T-tests for continuous variables. Following that, univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted looking at the predictors of fracture. Variables included age at scan, height, weight, alcohol, smoking, family history, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis as defined by FRAX™, body mass index and steroid exposure, in addition to BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Results 2029 female patients were scanned in the referral period. The mean age at scan was 66 (SD 10.46). 356/2029 (17.55%) had sustained a fracture. Results of the univariate analysis are shown in table 1, significant predictors are indicated with an asterisk (*). Predictor All Pts Pts with Fracture Pts without Fracture p-value Odds ratio (95% CI) Age at scan (years) 65.85 69.41 65.09 0.00 1.04 (1.03,1.05)* Height (cm) 160.40 159.60 160.57 0.02 0.98 (0.96,1.00)* Weight (kg) 72.38 71.35 72.60 0.15 1.00 (0.99,1.00)* Alcohol 123 (6.06%) 22 (6.18%) 101 (6.04%) 0.92 1.03 (0.64,1.65) Smoking 698 (34.40%) 132 (37.08%) 566 (33.83%) 0.24 1.15 (0.91, 1.46) Family Hx 247 (12.17%) 48 (13.48%) 199 (11.89%) 0.41 1.15 (0.82,1.62) RA 32 (1.58%) 10 (2.81%) 22 (1.32%) 0.04 2.17 (1.02,4.62)* Secondary op 183 (9.02%) 46 (12.92%) 137 (8.19%) 0.01 1.66 (1.17,2.37)* Femoral Neck BMD (g/cm2) 0.87 0.82 0.88 0.00 0.02 (0.01,0.05)* Lumbar Spine BMD (g/cm2) 1.10 1.05 1.12 0.00 0.12 (0.06,0.24)* BMI (kg/m2) 28.13 28.00 28.16 0.61 0.99 (0.97,1.02) Steroid 466 (22.97%) 77 (21.63%) 389 (23.25%) 0.51 0.91 (0.69,1.20) In the multivariate model, the variables that predicted fractures in this cohort were age at scan (OR 1.03 95% CI 1.02,1.05), femoral neck BMD (OR 0.74 95% CI 0.02,0.29) and lumbar spine BMD (OR 0.34 95% CI 0.14,0.80). Using the femoral neck multivariate model resulted in an area under the curve of 0.6720 and using the lumbar spine was 0.6653. Conclusions In the univariate analysis, many risk factors are associated with fractures within this cohort of female patients on aromatase inhibitors but both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that lumbar spine BMD is a good predictor of fractures. This is not included in the FRAX ™ tool and would enable fracture risk to be calculated in patients who have undergone hip replacements. References Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73 Suppl3 SAT0472. Disclosure of Interest None declared


In this article, we present how full-duplex (FD) operation can be integrated with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) operation using RF and baseband (BB) self-interference cancellation (SIC). MIMO operation increases the SIC requirements by a factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, resulting in severe area, power consumption, and noise penalty. We present the detailed analysis, design, and implementation of RF/BB cancellers that address this challenge, as well as a bootstrapping technique to enhance the power handling of integrated circulator-receivers (circ.-RX). A 65-nm CMOS scalable two-element MIMO FD circ.-RX array with integrated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-path-filter-based nonmagnetic circulators is described that: 1) exploits bootstrapping in the circulator <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-path filters to enhance Transmitter (TX) power handling by 8 dB and 2) features area- and power-efficient passive RF and active BB wideband MIMO cancellation with shared-delay elements to address the O(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) cancellation challenge. The prototype exhibits: 1) up to 35-/45-dB average SIC across 40-/20-MHz BW; 2) more than 42-/53-dB average crosstalk (CT)-SIC across 40-/20-MHz BW with <2.1-dB degradation in RX NF; and 3) overall TX power handling of +14 dBm enabled by clock bootstrapping.


I T Y P E D ' C H A N G E ' into my computer's search engine and it told me that there were about 306,000,000 results! As a systemic psychotherapist I have always had an interest in the notion of change, for it is an issue that is central to any therapist's work. The client comes along and has a wish for something to be different, a difference in him or herself as a person, or a difference in a relationship, or a difference in a social context. 'Change in therapy' as a concept implies that there is a movement from a not desired position to a desired position. Such personal change always carries with it our hopes and expectations as therapeutically it is always based on our desire to feel whole and happy. All therapeutic change is based on some need, intention, or commitment to bring 'something else' into existence. Being clear about what this 'something' is and how it will be accomplished is necessary for any therapy to succeed – and it is this that constitutes the change process. But even though we all relate to our own desire for change in our own way, in psychological theory there are a variety of views about it. Indeed because of the centrality of change to any understanding of human psychology, in many respects it is the primary focus for much psychological theory about individuals, groups, organizations and their processes. Theories about change vary according to the extent that they emphasize stability or movement as the primary state of life. These theories reflect our human desire to hold things the same – 'to persist' against the fear of difference – while in contradistinction demonstrating our interest in the mystery of the novel and the excitement of being involved in uncertainty.


This essay endeavors to present an overview of the issues concerning Chinas surplus rural laborers and internal migration by addressing some basic questions. How many surplus rural laborers does China have? Why has there been such a massive increase in the number of Chinese peasants who want to leave their farmland during the past decade? How many surplus rural laborers have joined the so-called `floating population? What is the main direction of Chinas internal migration? What measures can the government take to respond to the pressure with what costs and consequences? And what changes need to take place within the country to accommodate the migrant population? Data are from various Chinese sources many of which have only recently become available. (EXCERPT)


This research purports to offer reference data which can help workers feel satisfied with their living through desirable leisure activities by expanding and diversifying the opportunities of participating in sports activities in workplaces. For this purpose, it analyzed the structural relationship among workers' sport participation motivation, sport involvement, leisure satisfaction, and living satisfaction. This study was conducted to 304 workers and questionnaires were used. The research results are as per the below: First, among workers' sport participation motivation, hobby and entertainment-oriented, social relationship-oriented, and self-development had significant influence on the sport involvement. Secondly, family-oriented, social relationship-oriented, self-development, and health-oriented had significant influence on leisure satisfaction. Third, sport involvement had significant influence on leisure satisfaction. Fourth, leisure satisfaction had significant influence on living satisfaction. Fifth, sport involvement worked as an intermediary among hobby and entertainment-oriented, self-development, and leisure satisfaction.


As in engineering and research, database tuning becomes an inescapable part of big projects since the conception phase. The needs of companies including big data have increased to databases optimization. A lot of systems cause many blockages at least the five years after the production, because they didn't take into account the optimization and its rules since the conception phase, these reasons were of a paramount of importance to prepare this paper. Indexing is the most suitable way to optimize databases system, further one of the best ways of optimizing the index is the application of parallelization. In this paper we will talk about parallelization, and we will use different query with different types of indexes and we will compare the results gotten from each index, to top it all, the most suitable interference between the major types of index: b*tree index, bitmap index, composite index, local index and global index.


For more than 100 years now, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been at the forefront of our endeavors to unlock the secrets of the genome. From the pioneering studies of chromosomes and heredity by Morgan and his colleagues, to the generation of fly models for human disease, Drosophila research has been at the forefront of genetics and genomics. We present a broad overview of some of the most powerful genomics tools that keep Drosophila research at the cutting edge of modern biomedical research.


Ubiquitous computing applications occupied more research areas like medicine, banking and reporting applications that require user privacy. In this paper, privacy is detected as a set of parameters encapsulated in composite data entities called privons, through which, aim at infusing privacy into precision. The proposed scheme through real interaction in implementation of privons. The work implements as a privacy infusion into smart work place. Smart work place is designed for business. It allows managing an unlimited number of projects within an organization. Moreover, it offers a high level of flexibility when managing users, who have different access rights depending on the project. Access rights range from the basic read-only to the comprehensive full control level. We even extended this flexibility to projects: each project can have and individual structure and management style. The concept of privons as composite entity is introduced; comprising the privacy levels, date and services, developed for handling privacy for privacy management to reduce obtrusiveness privons is generated for all sessions that invoke transfer of information's through these entities.


Purpose

Despite the importance of incorporating social media with customer relationship management (CRM), the implementation of social CRM is still in its initial stages for a majority of green brands. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether consumers' perception-based factors of the online CRM tactics through social media (i.e. perceived marketer-dominated information quality, perceived interaction quality, and perceived service content quality in social media) offered by the green brand were related to the perceived customer retention orientation (CRO) of the green fashion retailer, which was related to patronage intention towards the green retailer, and the moderating effect of green consciousness on the link between perceived CRO of the green retailer and patronage intention.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from social media users (n=631) using a consumer panel via an online survey. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the proposed model and research hypotheses.

Findings

This study found that the perceived CRO of the green retailer was positively related to patronage intention. The perceived marketer-dominated information quality and perceived service content quality in social media were positively related to the perceived CRO of the green retailer. Green consciousness moderated the link between perceived CRO and patronage intention.

Originality/value

First, this study contributes to the further theoretical understanding of the underlying factors that influence customer perception of the CRO of the green retailer and green patronage intention. Second, on a managerial level, this proposed model provides green retailers with beneficial insights into the development of successful social CRM.


A simple method of evaluating the chain matix of n - cascaded networks is presented. For this purpose, a new graph, called the A -graph, is defined. It is also shown that the B, C, and D parameters of the overall a -matrix may be written by a knowledge of the A -parameter, which is obtained through the A -graph. Applications of the A -graph in matrix multiplication and in obtaining the even and odd parts of a product of polynomials are suggested.


. An experimental study of a Fabry–Perot interferometer in the quantum Hall regime reveals Aharonov–Bohm-like (ABL) oscillations. Unlike the Aharonov–Bohm effect, which has a period of one flux quantum, 8 0 , ABL oscillations possess a flux period of 8 0 / f , where f is the integral value of fully filled Landau levels in the constrictions. The detection of ABL oscillations is limited to the low magnetic field side of the ν c = 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , . . . , integer quantum Hall plateaus. These oscillations can be understood within the Coulomb-dominated model of quantum Hall interferometers as forward tunneling and backscattering, respectively, through the center of the interferometer from the bulk and the edge states.


The title compound, C28H29N3O4, was prepared by the reaction of 4-amino-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one and 3-ethoxy-4-(2-phenoxyethoxy)benzaldehyde. The vanillin group makes dihedral angles of 73.08 (8) and 66.54 (6)° with the planes of the two terminal phenyl rings, and an angle of 30.49 (6)° with the pyrazolone ring plane. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds that form centrosymmetric dimers.


This paper presents a new electrical model for RF-MEMS capacitive switch which is implemented on semi-suspended coplanar-waveguide. The model has been extracted from two previous works and it was able to describe the switch and take the effect of substrate into consideration with acceptable approximation. Regarding to the two similar structures of capacitive switches, a new formula for quality factor has been derived and the parameters which involve the quality factor have been studied with assumption of previous works. Moreover, the parameters which contribute to determining peak value of operating switch have been observed. According to the results, the fluctuation of the quality factor over frequency was very distinctive between 1–20 GHz and beyond that range, the variation of the quality factor was not very obvious. The results also indicate that increasing the series resistance which consists of resistance of T-line and bridge affected the quality factor. The increasing the series resistance reduced the quality factor and this effect was very noticeable at lower frequencies than 10 GHz. Increasing the capacitance of down-state also decreased the quality factor so that at lower than 3 GHz, it had considerable effect but higher than 5 GHz the effect was not very noticeable. On the other hand, increasing the resistance of substrate improved the quality factor but the effect is not very obvious for frequencies higher than 10 GHz. In addition, Peak value of operating as an important parameter, has been studied and the result suggested that the series resistance had almost no effect on determining the peak value of operating for the switch. The substrate resistance has the same influence. On the other hand, the capacitance of down-state has great effect on determining the peak value. It can change the bandwidth in which the switch can operate with higher quality factor. The capacitance of down-state did not have any effect on the value of quality factor.


Grant No. FIS200402356 and the Ramon y Cajal Program (MEC, Spain); Generalitat Valenciana GV05-152. This work has been partly funded by the FEDER.


After a short exploration ahout the significance of de military press in general, where the one that is produced in the nineteen and nventy century whith scientific character have an imporlant place, we are going to present the collecion called , that has a preferencial place among the ones ofde Corps ofde Army, as indispensable source of Information to understand the advances in the tactica I and strategic field.


We analyze the Vlasov dispersion relation for Yukawa plasmas in three dimensions for the purpose of identifying coupling parameter domains where the Vlasov approach is justified and the existence of a well-developed RPA type collective excitation is allowed. We establish a rigorous lower bound for the coupling parameter, below which there can be no real solution to the Vlasov dispersion relation. In the coupling domain, where weakly damped solutions do exist, we have focused on the long-wavelength acoustic regime where we establish more restrictive estimates for the lower bound of the coupling parameter. We also derive a general formula for the corresponding acoustic phase velocity, valid over a wide range of coupling parameter/screening parameter ratios above the lower bound. We conclude that the Vlasov approach is tenable only above a critical coupling value. Comparison with Molecular Dynamics simulation results further highlights the limitations of the Vlasov approximation for weakly coupled Yukawa plasmas.


A CMOS voltage reference operating at 1.2 V (± 10%) supply is presented. The circuit is designed in 130 nm CMOS technology and works in the temperature range [–20, +120] °C. The output reference voltage is 500 mV and adjustable up or down with tens of mV. The main performances of the circuit are the following: less than -60 dB power supply rejection rate, a line sensitivity of 0.37 mV/V, 3 ppm/oC temperature coefficient and 0.4 nV/√Hz output squared noise at 1 Hz frequency. The current consumption does not exceed 6 μA in the worst case operating conditions.


Different types of oviducal arteries were investigated in domestic hens by the micro-dissection procedure. For this purpose, a total of 16 adult domestic apparently healthy laying hens (above 30 weeks of age) were used. In the present study 4 (four) major types of arteries were investigated that were supplied in the domestic hens; namely (1) the cranial oviducal artery originating from the left cranial renal artery and supplied to the infundibulum and most part of the magnum (2) Middle oviducal artery originated from left ischiatic artery and supplied to the distal magnum, the isthmus and the proximal part of the uterus (3) The caudal oviducal artery originated from the left pudendal artery and supplied to the both sides of the distal uterus and vagina and (4) The vaginal artery originated from the left pudendal artery and supplied to the vagina. These results indicated that there is no individual variation of arterial supply in the oviduct among the domestic hen.


Lettering or hand-lettering combined with the iconographic variety that Canari culture has, it aims to demonstrate that it is possible to create aesthetically designed proposals with the union of these two different factors as the hand-lettering (Lettering), discipline adopted from abroad and the iconographic extraction from the archaeological pieces of the Andean culture pre-Columbian Canari, this one as an added value and clearly Ecuadorian. This research follows the methodology design of Manuel Guerrero, who proposes the formal experimentation in typographic design, which approaches the subject of this investigation. This investigation intends to be an emergence of projected, competent! and future ideas with the technique of experimental Lettering and in this way; its designs predominate with connotative or denotative elements, revealing the fusion of the autochthonous with a different technique to our country.


Introduction: Turkey enacted smoke-free legislation in 2008 that extended to hospitality venues in 2009. Although current law prohibits indoor smoking in all workplaces, compliance is low in some h...


Béla Bartók's Concerto for Viola and Orchestra is a major work in the instrument's repertoire, and poses significant challenges to the performer. For several works of similar stature in the violin literature, Otakar Ševčík wrote analytical studies to guide the performer through the learning process, essentially providing how-to manuals for violinists. Though method books and etudes exist for the viola in original and transcribed form, no published collections equivalent to Ševčík's analytical studies exist for any major viola works. This dissertation addresses the lack of composition-specific preparatory exercises for the viola with specific respect to Bartók's Concerto. Moving sequentially through the work, the most challenging passages from each movement are discussed, and original, newly-composed exercises in the style of Ševčík's analytical studies are provided. Passages are categorized according to difficulty, and references to commercially available etudes that address similar techniques are provided. Recommendations are made for the practice of both the provided exercises and the original passages from the Concerto. Musical examples from the viola parts for both the Tibor Serly and Peter Bartók/Nelson Dellamaggiore editions of the Concerto are provided for each passage discussed. INDEX WORDS: viola, viola technique, viola pedagogy, viola concerto, viola study, viola etude, Bartók, Bartók Viola Concerto, Otakar Ševčík, analytical study APPLYING THE ŠEVČIK ANALYTICAL STUDIES METHOD TO BARTÓK'S CONCERTO FOR VIOLA AND ORCHESTRA: A PERFORMER'S GUIDE


Disclosed is a communications system, comprising a plurality of packet transfer devices and a control device that controls each respective packet transfer device, the communications system being capable of organizing communications networks that are employed in packet transfers by respective packet transfer devices and communications networks that are employed by a control device to control each respective packet transfer device into a single type of communications network. A control device (80) sends a request for response to a packet transfer device. Upon receipt of a request for response, a packet transfer device (90) transmits the request for response via a port other than the port whereby the request for response was received. Upon receipt of the request for response, the packet transfer device (90) returns a response including port information of the packet transfer device thereof along the route to the control device. The control device (80) generates topology information including port connection information between each respective port upon the control device and each respective packet transfer device, on the basis of the responses that are transmitted from each respective packet transfer device.


This paper focuses on the corporate relocation experi- ence of black corporate managers and their families. In particular, attention is directed toward identifying the sources of stress and spe- cial problems for black managerial families, as well as their potential sources of support. Findings suggest that two factors, (1) social isolation, and, (2) physical distancing from kin support networks may contribute to problems with relocation. Findings also pointed to three factors that serve as sources of support for these families. Included in some detail are descriptions of problems with relocation encountered by those in the sample. Finally, suggestions are offered to ease the problems of relocation of black corporate managers and their families.


A finite element micromechanical model of a high strength composite material is subjected to a range of loading conditions to demonstrate its ability to predict failure. An investigation into the relative magnitude and distribution of the normal and shear stresses within the interface region of a single fibre embedded in a matrix region is compared to that of a multi-fibre representative volume element, where the fibre placement is statistically equivalent to that of a real material. A study is subsequently undertaken in which the relative magnitudes of the shear and normal strengths of the fibre–matrix interface are varied under transverse tension and shear. The results are interpreted with relation to the yield strength of the matrix. The predicted performance of the composite is shown to compare well with published experimental data, under transverse tension and in-plane shear. It is concluded that a single set of interface strength parameters can be used to represent the behaviour of the composite material. The results also show that interfacial shear strengths are expected to be equal, and higher than the interfacial normal strength.


Intraspecific diversity and molecular relations among regional populations were studied for 16 moss species in three European regions, Central Europe, Southern Scandinavia, and Northern Scandinavia, based on internal transcribed spacer and rpl16 G2 intron. The range of nuclear diversity values found is mainly similar to that of other organisms, and to that found in bryophytes from other regions, but higher diversity was found in Isothecium alopecuroides (Dubois) Isov. No correlations were found between diversity values or number of haplotypes unique to a region and morphological diversity, geographical distribution range, or regional frequency, possibly since this study did not include sufficiently rare species to reflect the factors affecting such species. Finally, no general differences in diversity levels were found among the three studied regions. When haplotype composition is considered, differences were found among the regions for some species, but again no general inter-regional pattern of intraspecific relationships exists. While it is clear that intraspecific variation is crucial to consider in biodiversity conservation contexts since a high proportion of the total diversity is found below the species level, it is also evident that it is necessary to investigate each individual species rather than to rely on what has been found for other taxa.


What's the meaning of the word Gu,which comes from the sentence of "You zi bu gu fan" in the ancient poem.Some people think it means "would like to or want to",however,we think it means "return or go back" because we observe and study it according to the historic and social linguistic principles.That is to say,Gu and Fan are tautology,and the word Gu means "return or go back".


In this paper, the problem of controlling parallel charging system with supercapacitors for electric vehicle applications is considered. When the vehicle parks at the station, the charging process of supercapacitors needs to be completed in less than 30 seconds. The control objective is then to tightly regulate the supercapacitors state of charge (SOC) to a given reference constant and to ensure an adequate current sharing between different parallel chargers. Indeed, the current sharing is a critical issue for parallel charging system with supercapacitors, which is a nonlinear system with control inputs constraints. Besides, the SOC depends on the supercapacitors internal voltage, which is not accessible for measurement. Therefore, based on a large‐signal model of the parallel‐chargers‐supercapacitors system, an output feedback controller (combining a state observer and a nonlinear control laws) is designed. The controller is formally shown to meet all objectives, namely, closed‐loop stability, SOC reference tracking, and equal current sharing. The effectiveness of the proposed output feedback controller approach is verified both by simulation and by experimental tests.


We experimentally demonstrate the operation of a laser based on self-phase modulation followed by offset spectral filtering. This laser has three operation modes: a continuous-wave mode, a self-pulsating mode where the laser self ignites and produces pulses, and a pulse-buffering mode where no new pulse is formed from spontaneous emission noise but only pulses already propagating or pulses injected in the laser cavity can be sustained. In the self-pulsating and pulse-buffering modes, the laser is multi-wavelength and continuously tunable over the entire gain band of the amplifiers. The output pulse width is quasi transform-limited with respect to the spectral-width of the filters used in the cavity. Overall, this device provides a simple alternative to pulsed laser source and also represents a promising approach for signal buffering.


Ultrasound imaging is a widespread technique to gather live images of the interiors of the human body. It is safe and provides high spatial and temporal resolution. In this paper we show that features extracted from the ultrasound section of the human wrist can be used to fully reconstruct the hand movements, including flexion of all fingers and the rotation of the thumb. Surprisingly, it turns out that there is a clear linear relationship between image features and finger positions. The related matrix can be estimated on a rather small subset of samples, and the reconstruction is quite robust across single- and multi-finger movements. This technique can be used to control advanced mechatronic hands, and it finds its paradigmatic application in the case of hand amputees.


A series of five X-ray crystal structures of chiral Lewis acid-dienophile complexes support a two-point-binding chiral recognition mechanism for these asymmetric Diels-Alder catalysts. As the arene moieties of the alkyldichloroborane Lewis acids are made more polarizable through the progression of phenyl to 3,5-dimethylphenyl to 3,5-dichlorophenyl to 3,5-dibromophenyl to naphthyl, the polar ester group of the boron-bound methyl crotonate is drawn in toward the arene of the catalyst due to an enhanced dipole-induced-dipole attraction


This paper describes and evaluates an undergraduate project in which the interaction between teaching and research functions proved beneficial to both. The project initially involved undergraduate students in a major detailed questionnaire survey of shopping preferences in Cardiff. We found that we were able to extend the scope of the undergraduate project whilst simultaneously helping to fulfil a research function more effectively. We attempt to evaluate the pedagogic merits of this exercise, and seek to identify some broader prescriptions for integrating teaching and research.


A novel chiral spiro-pyrrolidine silyl ether organocatalyst has been designed. Its catalytic asymmetric effect is demonstrated by the Michael addition reaction, which affords the desired products with an all-carbon quaternary center in up to 99% ee and 87% yield. Furthermore, the reaction process has been investigated via in situ NMR experiments.


Requirements Elicitation (RE) is a critical process in system/software engineering. Its goal is to capture the stakeholders' expectations, needs and constraints, which can be elicited, analyzed and specified as requirements. Gathering the requirements correctly, clearly and completely in a natural way is a typical challenging problem, because requirements analysts always play key roles in the elicitation process dominantly while stakeholders participate in passively. In this paper, we propose a collective intelligence driven business process oriented requirements acquisition and refining method. Its aim is to reduce the requirements analysts' dominance and promote stakeholders' self-expression and self-improvement to elicit requirements clearly and completely. It adopts the group storytelling method to promote the collaboration and communication among stakeholders, utilizes the narrative network model to enhance the associations among story fragments, and introduces dialogue game theory to guide the progressive refining. At the same time, the activity theory is adopted as the description framework to present the method and an application example is introduced. Finally, a pilot experiment is carried out to evaluate its perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use; and the actual quality of the requirements based on the degree of completeness and understandability in comparison with JAD. The results show that the requirements elicited by BPCRAR are more complete and understandable than JAD. In addition, the BPCRAR is perceived usefulness and ease of use in the experiment.


Optical spot position sensing performance of a silicon APD-QD (Avalanche Photo-Diode Quadrant Detector) is presented. The APD-QD is useful for measuring low power laser or optical beam spot position, since the detector is more sensitive than a photo-diode-QD. We measured the cross talk between cells as well as fundamental charactaristics which are required for position sensing. Signal-to-noise ratio and noise equivalent power (NEP) are calculated using results of the nose spectral density measurement. The effects of the cooled APD-QD at 77K are also presented.


n his paper "Public Versus Private Restraints on the Online Distribution of Contact Lenses: A Distinction with a Difference" Federal Trade Commission Economist James Cooper argues that consumers are hurt when state governments, acting on the behalf of optometrists, deny consumers choice in where they can purchase their prescribed contact lenses, but not when manufacturers, exploiting the prescription requirement, act in concert with optometrists to deny consumers choice. 1


The role of ZrO2 as different components in Ni-based catalysts for CO2 reforming of methane (CRM) has been investigated. The 10 wt.% Ni supported catalysts were prepared with ZrO2 as a support using a co-impregnation method. As a promoter (1 wt.% ZrO2) and a coactive component (10 wt.% ZrO2), the catalysts with ZrO2 were synthesized using a co-impregnation method. To evaluate the effect of the interaction, the Ni catalyst with ZrO2 as a coactive component was prepared by a sequential impregnation method. The results revealed that the activity, the selectivity, and the anti-coking ability of the catalyst depend upon the ZrO2 content, the Ni-ZrO2 interaction, basicity, and oxygen mobility of each catalyst resulting in different Ni dispersion and oxygen transfer pathway from ZrO2 to Ni. According to the characterization and catalytic activation results, the Ni catalyst with low ZrO2 content (as a promoter) presented highest selectivity toward CO owning to the high number of weak and moderate basic sites that enhance the CO2 activation-dissociation. The lowest activity (CH4 conversion ≈ 40% and CO2 conversion ≈ 39%) with the relatively high quantity of total coke formation (the weight loss of the spent catalyst in TGA curve ≈ 22%) of the Ni catalyst with ZrO2 as a support is ascribed to the lowest Ni dispersion due to the poor Ni-ZrO2 interaction and less oxygen transfer from ZrO2 to the deposited carbon on the Ni surface. The effect of a poor Ni-ZrO2 interaction on the catalytic activity was deducted by decreasing ZrO2 content to 10 wt.% (as a coactive component) and 1 wt.% (as a promoter). Although Ni catalysts with 1 wt.% and 10 wt.% ZrO2 provided similar oxygen mobility, the lack of oxygen transfer to coke during CRM process on the Ni surface was still indicated by the growth of carbon filament when the catalyst was prepared by co-impregnation method. When the catalyst was prepared by a sequential impregnation, the intimate interaction of Ni and ZrO2 for oxygen transfer was successfully developed through a ZrO2-Al2O3 composite. The interaction in this catalyst enhanced the catalytic activity (CH4 conversion ≈ 54% and CO2 conversion ≈ 50%) and the oxygen transport for carbon oxidation (the weight loss of the spent catalyst in TGA curve ≈ 7%) for CRM process. The Ni supported catalysts with ZrO2 as a promoter prepared by co-impregnation and with ZrO2 as a coactive component prepared by a sequential impregnation were tested in combined steam and CO2 reforming of methane (CSCRM). The results revealed that the ZrO2 promoter provided a greater carbon resistance (coke = 1.213 mmol·g−1) with the subtraction of CH4 and CO2 activities (CH4 conversion ≈ 28% and CO2 conversion ≈ %) due to the loss of active sites to the H2O activation-dissociation. Thus, the H2O activation-dissociation was promoted more efficiently on the basic sites than on the vacancy sites in CSCRM.


Sparse signal models approximate signals using a small number of elements from a large set of vectors, called a dictionary. The success of such methods relies on the dictionary fitting the signal structure. Therefore, the dictionary has to be designed to fit the signal class of interest. This paper uses a general formulation that allows the dictionary to be learned form the data with some a priori information about the dictionary. In this formulation a universal cost function is proposed and practical algorithms are presented to minimize this cost under different constraints on the dictionary. The proposed methods are compared with previous approaches using synthetic and real data. Simulations highlight the advantages of the proposed methods over other currently available dictionary learning strategies.


Recent developments and applications of approximate actions for full lattice QCD are described. We present first results based on the stochastic estimation of the fermion determinant on 12 3 × 24 configurations at β = 5.2.


The structure of testing platform for electric vehicle is presented,upon which the electric vehicle performances are tested including system energy,security and basic performance.The fleet test is introduced.The electric vehicle is comprehensively tested on energy,acceleration capability,electromagnetic compatibility,power factor and brake energy reclaim,etc.The results are presented to show that the electric vehicle testing platform is valid and will give usefull supports to the engineers of electric vehicle.


In just five years, materials researcher Jay Whitacre—the Founder and Chief Technology Officer of Aquion Energy—raised $7.5M, then $30M, then another $35M that was quickly increased to $55M for his battery company, which is located in the Greater Pittsburgh Area. All the while, Whitacre also kept a professorship at Carnegie Mellon University. When asked how his approach to sodium-ion batteries differs from that of other beyond-lithium technologies, Whitacre said that rather than address energy density, "the focus that we have is about cost, performance, and durability." Furthermore, to reach commercialization, a proper environment must be arranged from the outset.


Color is an important visual language packaging design.Successful use of color packaging,not only to convey a clear product information,but also can improve the image of appeal and economic value-added products to meet the aesthetic psychology of people,establish a brand image.The article discusses in depth market research in the five color design package using the principle of color applied to packaging have a clear position,it will further enhance the market competitiveness of goods.


Were Byzantine writings about the intermingling of human and angelic voices within ecclesiastical settings merely reflections of mystical theology, or were they actual observations about the movement of sound? Focusing on Thessaloniki, we consider how Byzantine writers described the voices of angels, how certain chants in the divine services animated the voices of celestial beings, and how and where painters represented angels, particularly within the city's monastic churches. We then turn to the study of the acoustical property of reverberation in eight Byzantine churches in the city in order to investigate whether undefined voices heard by subjective listening could be documented by objective, scientific testing.


Abstract Pulmonary edema was produced in normal rats by the injection of a dose of alpha naphthyl thiourea (ANTU) which killed 27% of the animals. The same dose of ANTU administered to rats handicapped by a reduced pulmonary reserve (oleothorax) or by pneumoconiosis resulted in a 60% mortality. This increased mortality rate supports the hypothesis (applied to smog deaths) that individuals with an appreciably reduced pulmonary reserve or with significant pneumoconiosis are more vulnerable to pulmonary edema-producing irritants than are normal individuals.


In this book, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) are studied with a view to linear and nonlinear applications in next-generation optical networks. Quantum-dot SOAs can be optimized for linear amplification of signals with different modulation formats and multiplexing techniques. Conversely, bulk SOAs can be easily optimized for operation in the nonlinear regime. However, due to the fast carrier recovery times in QD SOAs we also look into nonlinear applications with these devices.


This text qives primarily the examples to explain in teaching how to hold tight the topic haracteristics,convert ways of soiving problems,turn difficult into easy,turn complex into simple,foster seven kinds of methods that students set up thought.


We present a novel approach to represent transients using spectral-domain amplitude-modulated/frequency-modulated (AM-FM) functions. The model is applied to the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier transform (FT) of the transient. The suitability of the model lies in the observation that since transients are well-localized in time, the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier spectrum have a modulation structure. The spectral AM is the envelope and the spectral FM is the group delay function. The group delay is estimated using spectral zero-crossings and the spectral envelope is estimated using a coherent demodulator. We show that the proposed technique is robust to additive noise. We present applications of the proposed technique to castanets and stop-consonants in speech.


With the distributed generation connected into the network,the power flow and short-circuit current in the utility distribution network will be changed.An optimization method is proposed for computing the maximum penetration level of DG,taking into account fault current constraints while existing distribution network protection should not be adjusted as much as possible.The fault calculation principle in the distribution network with DG is analyzed.A mathematical methodology to convert constraints imposed by fault levels to simple nonlinear inequality constraints is developed.The feasibility of the proposed method is showed by examples of a single DG system and a multiple DG system.


Back ground: Lycopene, 40 carbon acyclic carotenoid containing 11 conjugated double bonds, is a phytochemical found in tomatoes and other red fruits. Oxygen derived free radicals are the most reactive species and as an antioxidant lycopene has a singlet oxygen quenching ability twice as high as that of ?-carotene and 10 times higher that of ?-tocoferol, lycopene participate in a host of chemical reactions to protect critical cellular biomolecules including lipid, proteins and DNA. Materials and Methods: The present study include 30 subjects having oxidative stress, age between 40-60 years, nonsmoker, with no history of chronic systemic illness and no medication were taken as patients.30 patients matched healthy subjects were taken as control. All subjects were selected from outpatient department of NSCB Medical College Jabalpur M.P. After estimation of base line antioxidant enzyme and vitamins, we supplement 180 gm of tomato (products like soup, paste. ketchup) contain 12 mg of lycopene to the patient group. After 60 days of lycopene supplementation oxidative stress biomarkers like SOD, GPX, GR, GSH, lipid peroxidation product MDA and other antioxidant vitamins A, vitamin C, vitamin E were estimated in patient's blood sample. Results: The main result of the study revealed that lipid per oxidation product MDA was found to be decreased significantly but after lycopene supplementation levels were improved. The results of SOD , GPX, GR, GSH,Vitamin A ,Vitamin E and Vitamin C were significantly increased after lycopene supplementation, it indicates the improved antioxidant profile after the supplementation of lycopene. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in oxidative stress after the supplementation of lycopene therefore the study suggest that body's internal production of antioxidant is not enough to neutralize all free radicals, so increased dietary intake of antioxidant lycopene in the form of tomato products is beneficial, which is easily available in developing country like India. Key Words: Oxidative stress; Lycopene; MDA; GSH; SOD; Vitamin C; Vitamin E DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i4.9500 BJMS 2011; 10 (4): 275-279


The text of "A Dream of Red Mansion" belongs to a gigantic system with most complicated structural mode.Semiotic method concerning structuralism is adopted to analyze an excerpt from "A Dream of Red Mansion" to find its symbolic structure in the signifier and signified levels.Furthermore,it is pointed out that the strong basis for the multiple meaning of the text in "A Dream of Red Mansion"lies in the multiple combination of various signifier and signified symbols.


St. Petersburg, like many cities facing the pressures of a growing and mobile population, has long had difficulties keeping its facilities location maps and records accurate and up-to-date. In 1985, the city initiated a project whose objective is automation of the work order processes associated with maintenance and construction of public works facilities. The project transcends automation of the map drafting process; it also looks beyond automated mapping/facilities management (AM/FM). The vision for St. Petersburg's automation project is a Geographic Information System (GIS) that handles both geographic data management and mapping needs. This approach to the problem presented many challenges for the city, both in the conceptual design of the system and in the subsequent implementation. This article discusses how the project has matured over several years from a computer-aided drafting concept to assume AM/FM elements and, ultimately, the functionality of a comprehensive GIS.


The e-commerce sector has seen unparalleled growth in 2014. The growth was determined by rapid technology adoption led by the increasing use of devices such as smartphones and tablets, and to the internet through broadband, 3G, etc, resulting an increased online consumer base. Besides, factors like demographics and a growing internet user base, the enormous growth attained by homegrown players and the huge investor interest around these companies displayed the immense potential of the market. India's overall retail opportunity is sizable, coupled with a demographic dividend (young population, rising standards of living and upwardly mobile middle class) and growing internet penetration, resilient growth in e-commerce is anticipated. Favorable e-commerce policies, greater attentions from the government, proper investment support are also some significant factors getting instrumental in securing rapid growth of the sector. The paper has attempted to present a perspective about the dynamics of Indian e-commerce business environment with special reference to General, Task and Competitive environment. Companies are needed to devise a strategy to meet challenges posed by fierce competition with special reference to International scenario, ever-changing technological requirements, changing demographic matrix, rising expectations of investors, favorable market opportunities with larger risk, etc.


Constitutional Agreement between Georgian State and the Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church was signed in 2002. It includes many interesting norms, concerning Church-State relationship, but its full implementation hasn't begun. Constitutional Agreement, as the legal act has some technical and even legal problems. The main goal of this article is to analyze these methodical and formal problems to make some recommendations to fix and improve them.


Objective. We aimed to investigate the peculiarities of cardiovascular system parameters and changes in spine sagittal curves with age in schoolchildren and also possible interrelation between parameters in those two systems. Material and methods. 124 schoolchildren (aged 7—18 years) were divided into three groups according to their age. For evaluation of cardiovascular system the bicycle ergometry test with modified Bruce protocol was performed and computerized functional test analysis system "Kaunas — Load" was used. Load, arterial blood pressure, ECG in 12 standard derivations were synchronously recorded at every step. Evaluation of spine sagittal plane was performed using flexible ruler-cirtometer. Angular values of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured. Results. Parameters of sagittal spine had few differences according to gender and age. Changes in sagittal plane curves with age were greater in boys than in girls. In the group of boys the expression of both sagittal curves had decreasing tendencies with age. Changes in girls' sagittal curves were inconsistent with age. However, we found many significant differences in the parameters of cardiovascular system's depending on gender and age. Different correlations between spinal sagittal curves and cardiovascular parameters according to gender and age could beassociated with different state in musculoskeletal system and development, different physical activity level and manyother factors, which vary among girls and boys and also changes with age. Conclusions. There was no significant difference of lumbar lordosis according to gender in all age groups. The thoracic kyphosis had significant different expression only among boys and girls in 7—10 years age group. We found significant difference of such cardiovascular system parameters as index of health, maximal power, pressure rate index, half recovery period of heart rate and change of double product according to gender. Thoracic kyphosis had more correlations with cardiovascular system parameters than lumbar lordosis. Blood pressure reactions had more correlations with spine sagittal curves in older girls and younger boys.Keywords: sagittal spine curves, cardiovascular system, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis.


The resin process of ornamental stones is crucial i n the treatment of this type of stone, because, besides conferring an esthetic b auty, it protects against the action of physical, chemical and biological inclement weather inc easing the mineral durability. However, the epoxy resin, which is the most used in this process, it presents toxicity, besides of not being biodegradable, thus creating a n important environmental liability and contributes to the interest in finding alternat ives in renewable sources[1]. The present work studies, through molecular modeling te chniques, the interaction of epoxy resin and two possible active principles of biodegr adable resins, cardanol [2] and ricinoleic acid [3], with the mineral albite which is representative of granitic stone, in order to better understand the adsorption process a nd the energies involved, in order to investigate a renewable alternative to the epoxy re sin. A conformational analysis, using mechanical and molecular dynamics techniques, with the COMPASS force field, it was carried out for each of the representative molecule s of the resins. The most stable structures obtained were submitted to a geometric o ptimization with frequency calculation by semi-empirical PM6-DH + [3] methodol ogy, in order to obtain the minimum energy structure and ensure that they were in the ground state. Obtained the minimum structure, geometric optimization calculati ons with the PM6-DH+ method [4] were performed for successive approximations and in ifferent orientations of each resin in relation to the albite structure construct ed from crystallographic data. The maximum distance between the resin and the albite s o hat the method used admits that there is an interaction was 5Å. Above this value, t h optimizations did not evolve into an interaction and the two structures have separate d. In all cases, the resins assumed a position very close of the albite indicating the fo rmation of chemical bonds. This seems to indicate that phenomena of chemisorption are exp ected. The figure 1 shows the results for the adsorption energy of the three syst em studied and it indicates that the interaction with ricinoleic acid is the strongest, followed by the epoxy and finally by the resin the cardanol. 12 a 17/Nov, 2017, Águas de Lindóia/SP, Brasil Figure 1 – Resin-Albite structures and respective a dsorption energies: (a) Ricinoleic Acid-Albite; (b) Epoxy-Albite; (c) Cardanol-Albite. Key-words: Ornamental Stones, Resins, Compass force field, P M6-DH+ Support: The authors acknowledge support from CNPq and PCI/ CETEM and LABMOL collaborators. The authors thanks Prof. Pr of. Peter Seidl by the Accelerys Inc. package license.


Objective To investigate complication after D1 and D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer with liver cirrhosis. Methods The clinical data of 54 cases of gastric caner with liver cirrhosis received radical gastrectomy between March 1994 and March 2006 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The therapeutic efficacy of D1 and D2 lymph node dissection was compared. Results The 1-,3- and 5- year survival rates of the 54 cases were 77.8%,44.4% and 33.3%;of which those of D1 were 81.3%,37.5% and 25.0% and those of D2 were 76.3%,47.4% and 36.8%(P0.05) . Median survival time of 54 cases was 32 months;of which that of D1 was 23 months and that of D2 was 34 months. There was no significant difference in complication incidences between D1 and D2 in Child-Pugh grade A.(P0.05) . The incidence of hepatonepheric functional disturbance in D2 in Child-Pugh grade B and C was higher than that of D1(P0.05) . Conclusion There is no significant difference in survival rates of gastric cancer with liver cirrhosis between D1 and D2. D2 lymph node dissection does not increase the risk of complications in Child-Pugh grade A . D2 lymph node dissection should be perform cautiously for gastric cancer with liver cirrhosis in Child-Pugh grade B or C.


Background: Insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and inflammation possibly are involved in cats with asymptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (aHCM). Objectives: To evaluate echocardiography, morphology, cardiac and inflammatory markers, insulin and IGF-1 in cats with aHCM. Animals: Fifty-one client-owned cats with aHCM. Methods: Observational descriptive study. Variables (body weight [BW], body condition score [BCS], echocardiography, and serum concentrations of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP], ultra-sensitive troponin-I [c-TnI], serum amyloid A [SAA], insulin, glucose and IGF-1) were evaluated for significant increases above echocardiography cutoff values and laboratory reference ranges, associations and effect of left atrial (LA) remodeling and generalized hypertrophy. NT-proBNP ( P = .02) and c-TnI ( P = .01), and SAA ( P = .02), were higher in cats with LA remodeling, and generalized hypertrophy, respectively. Conclusions and clinical importance: Results suggest potential implications of insulin, IGF-1, and inflammation in cats with aHCM, but it remains to be confirmed whether these findings represent a physiological process or a part of the pathogenesis and development of disease.


Zn0.98Cr0.02O thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrates by using magnetron sputtering method.The structure and magnetic properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractrometry(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and physical property measurement system(PPMS).The effects of substrate temperature on the structures,composition,surface morphology and magnetic properties of the films were studied.XRD patterns show that Zn0.98Cr0.02O thin films with a preferential c-axis orientation exhibit the wurtzite structure.XPS spectra reveals that the Cr ions are in a +3 charge state in the films.Magnetization measurements indicate that the Zn0.98Cr0.02O samples exhibit ferromagnetic behavior.Moreover,the ferromagnetic properties become weaker with the increase of the substrate temperature.


We perform a systematic study of the masses of charmed and bottom baryons in the framework of the QCD sum rule approach. Contributions of the operators up to dimension six are included in operator product expansion. The resulting heavy baryon masses from the calculations are well consistent with the experimental values, and predictions to the spectroscopy of the unobserved bottom baryons are also presented.


Abstract We report here an optimization of the parameters in an analytical representation of the potential energy function for the electronic ground state of hydrogen sulfide H25 on the basis of experimental data. The calculations are earned out with the MORBID (Morse Oscillator Rigid Render Internal Dynamics) computer program (P. Jensen, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 128 , 478-501, 1988; J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 284 , 1315-1340, 1988; in "Methods in Computational Molecular Physics" (S. Wilson and G. H. F. Diercksen. Eds.), Plenum, New York, 1992). In the least-squares fitting, we adjusted 14 parameters to fit a total of 548 rotation-vibration energy spacings involving J ≤ 5 for the four isotopic molecules H 2 32 S, D 2 32 S, HD 32 S, and H 2 34 S. The data were reproduced with root-mean-square deviations of 0.134 cm −1 for the rotational energy spacings and 0.422 cm −1 for the vibrational spacings. We have used the fitted potential energy* surface as the starting point for a theoretical investigation of the nearly degenerate, four-member groups of energy levels formed in the rotation-vibration energy spectrum of H 2 S. Toward this end, we have calculated the rovibrational energy levels in the vibrational ground state, the ν 2 vibrational state, and the ν 1 /ν 3 /2ν 2 interacting vibrational states of H 2 32 S for J ≤ 40. The rotational energy level patterns obtained for these vibrational states of H 2 32 S are very similar in structure to those calculated previously for H 2 80 Se (P. Jensen and I. N. Kozin. J. Mol. Spectrosc. 160 , 39-57, 1993; I. N. Kozin and P. Jensen, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 161 , 186-207, 1993), although there is some difference in detail.


During the recent Bournonville Festival, I had some interesting discussions with two foreign colleagues from my own generation about the new productions of The Kermesse in Bruges by Lloyd Riggins and La Sylphideby Nikolaj Hiibbe. They did not like them. One of them actually floated the viewpoint that a Bournonville ballet is like an old painting from the Golden Age: it should never be changed; it shall hang there as in a museum, so we always can come and look at it. But a ballet production is not a painting, and in any case it will change, since dancers, audiences, and taste change along the way. And each generation will have to discuss and decide their attitude toward the tradition, for there will always be two attitudes at least, two concerns: the care for preserving and the wish to modernize. Harald Lander (1905-1971) became artistic director of the Royal Danish Ballet in 1932. It is questionable if one can talk about a Bournonville tradition at that time. Perhaps it was he, along with Valborg Borchsenius (1872-1949), who helped him stage Bournonville, who created the tradition. In any case, they established the productions that became the models for the rest of the century, the ones subsequent producers had to make up their minds about. Lander's point of departure was not so much "How can we preserve Bournonville as correctly as possible?" as "How can we get audience, dancers, and critics interested in Bournonville?" It is no secret that Bournonville was close to being out of favor in the beginning of the 1930s. Certainly he was with such leading critics and intellectuals as the critic Frederik Schyberg (1905-1950) and the author Kjeld Abell (1901-1961). Lander learned his lesson the hard way: in the autumn of 1932, his first season as artistic director, he and Borchsenius staged Napoli as close to earlier performances


A glass melt with the composition (mol%) 45Li 2 O, 20Nb 2 O 5 and 35SiO 2 was soaked at 1000°C. This did not lead to any crystallisation. A current of 50 mA applied between the platinum crucible (anode) and a platinum wire inserted into the melt (cathode) resulted in a crystallisation of LiNbO 3 , Li 2 Si 2 O 5 and Li 2 SiO 3 at the cathode. The resulting glass ceramic showed textured structures which indicate dentritic growth. The nucleation process caused by current flow is, supposedly an effect of the Nb 4+ formed. This should lead to a decrease in viscosity in the vicinity of the cathode and, therefore, the nucleation is enabled. An orientation of the niobate crystals perpendicular to the electrode also observed in pole figures was shown by means of reflectance spectra and the dielectric function determined after Kramer's Kronig analysis. Infrared reflectance spectroscopy can be used for the qualitative detection of orientation effects.


Based on a numbers piled up for varies resources (labor,materials,mechines)in neuron plan,a composed distribution for varies resources is got.Based on the different times and numbers difference for varies work in number plan,the best selected work and time starts as astrictive conditions,the best optimum distribution which satisfies varies resources in difference optimodel and astrictive conditions is got.


Abstract Second-harmonic generation (SHG) properties of the hybrid-films of a clay and [δ-Ru (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)3](ClO4)2 (δ-Ru(dpp)3), which was found to be stable enough over a very long time, were studied. The ratio of the SHG signal intensity between Z-and Y-Type films of δ-Ru(dpp)3 has been compared. Furthermore, the SHG coefficient d 33 at 1.06 μm is determined as 30 pm/V for the Y-Type hybrid-film of δ-Ru(dpp)3.


Stretch out: An elastic light‐scattering‐based method that makes use of phantom nanoparticles as a substrate organizer (see illustration) allowed the quantitative evaluation of the molecular recognition events between a series of inactivated mutants of phospholipase D and lysophosphatidylcholine. The results highlight the remarkable effects on binding capability caused by single amino acid substitutions.


This exploratory research study was designed to investigate and identity Psychological and personality characteristics as well as attitudes and beliefs of aggressive drivers and factors that lead people to behave irresponsible and reckless on roads. This study farther looks into traits and trigger points of aggression. While road rage may get triggered by simple misunderstanding or 'need for control' on the road, its causes may extend well beyond immediate incident. Increasing level of congestion on roads, poor road and lane designs or signage (specifically in second world countries like India) builds silent aggression which manifests as road aggression. Interestingly as noted in various studies and papers, there is no typical profile for a road rager. Arager can be a person from all walks of life and backgrounds. Professionals, students, moms and even celebrities are not immune to this effect. The paper further examines some of the surveys conducted by bodies like Central Road Research Institute, India and correlates its results with psychological findings from the paper. Finally, the paper examines some methods to address aggressive driving and minimize road aggression using education tools, enforcement methods and self-help techniques.


The article examines two parameters of the subject stated: policies of the state governments of South-Eastern Europe in view of the new developments in Ukraine, widespread attitudes, and the configuration of political forces in these countries which may provide a chance to pro-Russian circles. An analysis is based on both national and international opinion polls and the results of the last elections. As is shown, the traditionally strong Russophile sentiments in many countries of the region have reverberated again and affected the perception of the conflict. However, the potential of the pro-Russian forces is insufficient for a fundamental change in policies although the ruling circles cannot completely ignore it. The article concludes that the status and prospects of Russian cooperation with the countries of the region will remain unfavorable until the end of military operation in Ukraine, although the EU and the US are unlikely to succeed in achieving complete abandonment of Russian energy sources in a short time.


The essays in "Antoine Watteau: Perspectives on the Artist and the Culture of His Time" offer a richly textured portrait of the artist's life, work, and reputation for students, specialists, and the general public. The volume brings together art historians whose research is currently defining the field of Watteau studies with scholars from history and literature who have published widely on the political and cultural trends of Watteau's era. Essays include studies of the artist's drawing practice, his relation to the emerging public sphere, and the changing fortunes of his reputation, as well as considerations of art dealing and fashion in Watteau's time. Other essays take up conversation, dance, seduction, and theatricality as essential themes of Watteau's art. This volume will be an indispensable resource for all those interested in the visual culture of Regency France. The book contains sixty-five illustrations. Mary D. Sheriff is W. R. Kenan Jr. Distinguished Professor and Department Chair in the Department of Art at the University of North Carolina.


A kind of low flyback power converter employing synchronous rectification technique is designed and a typical example is introduced. The designed-schematic, testing-data and waves have proved the design is feasible and practical.


There are a lot of provisions concerning environment protection in various agreements, such as GATT 1994, SPS, TBT, GATS, TRIPS, in the WTO law systems. All these "green clauses" stand for WTO's environmental policy. WTO plays a very important role in harmonizing relations between environment and trade. WTO has established committee on trade and Environment handling environmental matters arising from international trade, including transnational sale of hazardous industrial products. WTO has paid much attention to environment protection in settling disputes between WTO members facing trade measures for environmental purposes.


Tectonics of the Western, Sikkim and Arunachal Himalaya A K JAIN, V C THAKUR, M JOSHI, P K MUKHERJEE, R C PATEL, KATHAKALI BHATTACHARYYA, SAURABH SINGHAL, K K AGARWAL, RAHUL DIXIT, GARGI DESHMUKH and MAN MOHAN CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee 247 667, India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehra Dun 248 001, India Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India Inter University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, Delhi 110 067, India National Facility Lab on Low-temperature Thermochronology (Fission Track Dating), Department of Geophysics, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136 119, India Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, West Bengal, India Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667, India


Herein, gallium nitride (GaN) samples implanted with magnesium (Mg) and fluorine (F) ions are investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. In low‐temperature PL measurements, the characteristic green luminescence (GL) band attributable to nitrogen vacancies (VN) is observed in Mg‐ion‐implanted GaN. As VN are likely to act as donors, suppressing their formation is essential to realizing p‐type conductivity. The energy required for a F impurity to replace VN in GaN and eventually form F on a N site decreases when the Fermi level approaches the valence band maximum, and therefore F is employed as a subsequent implantation element to compensate for VN. The GL band peak disappears upon implanting Mg and F ions at a high temperature and adjusting the F concentration to an appropriate value. This result suggests that VN generated by Mg ion implantation can be suppressed using an element with a lower formation energy than that of VN.


In this paper, we checked health problems of outpatients who suffered from cancer, apoplexy, and arthritis. After accessing each patients condition, in order to alleviate their sufferings, we introduced several methods of aroma therapy as a holistic approach to these health problems. Aromatherapy, w...


The housing policy carried out in Russia in the 90s of the XX century led to the emergence of a new type of apartment building (multiple dwelling), which is essentially a kind of conglomerate of a municipal building with privatized flats. This practice of combining forms of ownership continues to this day, but if the old nine and five-story residential buildings despite their typical monotony nevertheless created a cozy and in many ways human environment, modern apartment buildings are faceless panel, very denselypopulated "catalogue boxes" with the same faceless forms of ownership, when the owners of flats and social and commercial tenants coexist in the same residential building. Such super-dense construction ensures a quick payback of investments to the builders, investors and developers, while simultaneously imposing on the consumer a close proximity of absolute strangers, including anonymous-aggressive activities of the management companies. The current situation of the construction of multi-storey and high-rise multiple dwellings leads to inefficient use of land, generating a truly depressed architecture of mass utilitarian consciousness. The dominance of large-scale apartment buildings must be stopped, while the forms of ownership and management must be disaggregated and differentiated. Mass development can and should be represented by more diverse volume-spatial solutions of build up with different heights and various types of filling (townhouses, blocked buildings, suburbias, etc.) taking into account new effective forms of private rental entrepreneurship and management.


Integration of tomographic angiograms into neurosurgical navigation should decrease the probability of vascular injury and allow localization of vascular lesions. Information from angiograms is often presented using maximum intensity projections (MIPs), which provide a more intuitive presentation of 3D vascular structures. Conventional MIPs involve the whole image volume during ray casting. Our goal was to construct surgically appropriate MIPs that excluded information contralateral to the operation site and to quantify the accuracy of vessel depiction using this new method. For each angiogram slice, the center of mass (COM) was calculated. Together, the COM coordinates formed a boundary plane that clipped the contralateral information from ray casting. A separate depth buffer was created to preserve 3D information. MIPs were examined quantitatively using a mathematical model of the head containing vascular structures of known diameter. The vessel widths of the resulting MIPs were then measured and compared. To examine the spatial accuracy of MIP images, a vascular phantom was created, which had rigid vessels of known diameter and extrinsic fiducial markers to perform a physical to image space registration. Studies with the mathematical model showed that the vessels appeared smaller in MIPs than their actual diameters. This decrease is attributed to the statistical properties of the ray casting process that are affected by the pathlength. Studies with the vascular phantom show correct localization of the probe in tomographic and projective image space. From these studies, we concluded that additional methods for providing information concerning vessel proximity during surgical guidance should be investigated. Surgically appropriate MIPs provide comparable images to conventional MIPs; however, they allow more focus on the vascular structures in proximity to the target site.


This rapport investigates the transmitter of the Ericsson Bluetooth radio. The open loop modulation scheme of the existing design is theoretically very simple but difficult to implement with available components. Frequency drift of the carrier is a common result of open loop modulation. This work therefore investigates an idea of frequency regulation where the regulation is active during modulation in order to reduce the frequency drift. Instead of completely opening up the phase locked loop, the rate of activity will be reduced to a level enough to compensate the frequency drift. The frequency regulator is a dynamic system with high complexity. Therefore the investigation has been done with simulators built with Matlab and Simulink. The simulations show that the new idea puts hard requirements upon the phase error and the asymmetry of the transmitted data when reducing the activity of the frequency regulator. The problem with the asymmetrical data is solved with an additional filter that the transmitted data goes trough. But in the case of large phase error, ringing will occur causing drift like problems. No satisfactory solution was found to overcome this problem. However, the work indicates that with careful optimisation of the loop filter and timing as well as with an increased reference frequency to 1 MHz the suggested idea is likely to work if some ringing of the frequency during modulation is allowed. (Less)