A stepwise procedure has been developed for successsive calculation of pressure and temperature gradients in gas wells during production or injection. The method, based on a thermodynamic energy balance in the well bore and the usual equations for the flow of natural gas in vertical pipe, is shown to give reasonably accurate predictions when evaluated on the basis of actual field measurements. Assumptions of succession of steady states in the well bore and approximate independence from local unsteady heating or cooling of geothermal gradient appear to be justifiable for reasonably short flow times encountered in storage service. Considerations related to design of deep storage fields where use of down-hole chokes may permit elimination of heating and pressure regulation at the field gathering system are discussed in light of results obtained.


A wideband planar tightly coupled dipole transmitarray (TCDT) is presented in this paper. Using receiver-transmitter configuration, the advantages of tightly coupled dipole array are exploited in our design to tackle with the bandwidth limitation of traditional transmitarray element. The interconnected stripline is utilized to compensate the differential spatial phase delay based on the true-time-delay (TTD) concept. The designed unit-cell periodicity is about 0.3λ0, where λ0 is the free space wavelength at the highest frequency. Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed wideband transmitarray can operate in 9.5~16GHz with stable radiation pattern. To the author's knowledge, it is the first time that a planar tightly coupled dipole transmitarray has been reported.


Based on a study of 60 languages, by developing the works of Clairis et al., we elaborate a typology of the syntactic structures (connective constructions) that allow a communicational need: the attribution of a quality, membership or identification. We define connective constructions by the disjunction of the syntactic nucleus and the semantic nucleus that distinguishes them from the nuclear constructions. Syntactically, the connective constructions may take the form of a direct connection between a qualified and a qualifier, of a connection via a non verbal connector, or via a verb. More than one of these strategies can be used within each language. Based on the possible combinations of the connective strategies we have identified five types of languages.


The great majority of drugs have amine functionality. These drugs when mixed with reducing sugars or other carbonyl containing pharmaceutical adjuvants often produce extensive mottling or discoloration, ("Maillard browning"), of the final dosage form over time. In this article, the results of various studies that have been reported involving the Maillard reaction and pharmaceutical products are reviewed.


How do we teach literary translation into an L2 language? Is there any way to improve learners' translation and literary competence at the same time? Is there any possible way to provide learners with different linguistic and literary levels in a single class? This study was rooted in these realistic concerns of translation training. As such this study suggests that back-translation could be applied to literary translation classes with students and teachers whose L1 does not correspond with a target language. For this purpose, the Korean-Spanish back-translation task of Por Favor, Cuida De Mama by Aurora Echevarria was assigned to 16 undergraduate and postgraduate students. As a result, it was found that literary translation, which was considered to be 'impossible' by some learners at first, could be practiced in a learner-centered way: they could identify their own weaknesses; share more concrete translation strategies in peer-reviews; evaluate their works tracing discrepancies between their back-translation and the professionally translated text at all linguistic and translation strategic levels. They also had a chance to think about why stylistic considerations should be emphasized in literary translation apart from linguistic transfer. In conclusion, back-translation can be used to improve not just proficiency in a target language but also to enhance students' translation and literary competences in a multidimensional way.


In recent years interest has been aroused in the use of fish oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids for protection against and treatment of a number of disorders including artherosclerosis (Kramhout et al., 1985; Bradlow, 1986; Leaf & Weber, 1988), inflammation (Goetzl et al., 1986; Bittmer et NI., 1988) and autoimmune diseases (Robinson et al., 1986). Monocytes and macrophages are involved in the development of artherosclerotic plaques (Mitchinson & Ball, 1987) and in inflammatory and immune responses (Werb & Goldstein, 1987). While monocytes/macrophages are not the 'target' of fish oil treatment, it is reasonable to assume that if the dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids lead to alteration of plasma lipid profiles, as is proposed (Phillipson et al., 1985), then the lipid content and composition of macrophages may be affected. Macrophage functions such as secretion, phagocytosis and interaction with other cell types involve intracellular and/or plasma membranes. If macrophage membrane structure is altered cellular function may be affected. Therefore, it is of interest to determine the effect of altered fatty acid composition upon macrophage function. The fatty acid composition of a variety of cell types can be modified by exposing them to fatty acids complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Spector et af., 1981) and this approach has been used previously with macrophages (Mahoney et al., 1977, 1980; Lokesh & Wrann, 1984; Lokesh et d, 1988). However, these latter studies have not used a wide range of fatty acids; in particular, the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have not been invcstigated. Furthermore, the effect of fatty acid modification upon macrophage functions other than phagocytosis and pinocytosis (Mahoney et al., 1977, 1980; Schroit & Gallily, 1979; Lokesh & Wrann, 1984) has not been determined. Murine thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages wcre prepared and purified as previously described (Newsholme et al., 1986). The cells were cultured in minimum cssential medium supplemented with 5 mM-glucose and 2 mwglutamine at 37°C in an air/C02 (19:l) atmosphere at a density of 2 x 10' cells/plate. The cell culture medium was supplemented with 5% (v/v) fetal calf serum, 5% (v/v) mouse serum, 0.1"/0 (w/v) BSA, or 0.1% (w/v) BSA-fatty acid complex (0.3 mM-fatty acid). After a period of 2-4 days, the cells were washed thoroughly and harvested. Total lipid was cxtracted using chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) as described by Folch et al. (1957). Neutral lipids were separated from phospholipids by chromatography through a column of activated silicic acid prewashed with chloroform. The neutral and polar lipids were eluted from the column with chloroform and chloroform/methanol (1: 1, v/v), respectively. Fatty acids were prepared by saponification with methanolic 0.5 M-KOH for 60 min at 70°C and were extracted into ethyl acetate. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared by reaction with an excess of diazomethane, before separation and identification by g.c.-m.s. (Wing ef al., 1984). The fatty acid composition of the macrophage varies markedly according to the composition of the cell culture medium (Table 1). The BSA-grown cells (no fatty acid source present in the medium) are rich in palmitate (16:0), stearate ( 18:O) and the shorter chain saturated fatty acids, laurate


Ephrin ligands and their Eph receptors have been implicated in the control of extracellular matrix of some tissues. Although ephrin-B2 and its specific receptor EphB4 were found to be involved in postembryonic control of bone homeostasis, their roles were unclear in musculoskeletal growth and development as well as in osteoarthritis pathology. The role of this ephrin system in musculoskeletal growth and development was delineated in vivo using a cartilage-specific ephrin-B2 knockout mouse model. Its role in osteoarthritis in vivo was explored in mice using a bone-specific overexpression of EphB4 in which osteoarthritis was induced, and in vitro in human osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts and chondrocytes. In vivo , ephrin-B2 demonstrated to be essential for normal long bone growth and development and its absence in cartilage led to knee and hip osteoarthritis features in aged mice. In vitro data showed that the ephrin-B2-induced EphB4 receptor positively impacted the abnormal metabolism of both osteoarthritic subchondral bone osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The bone‑specific EphB4 overexpression in mice validated the in vitro data in that it had beneficial effects not only on the osteoarthritic subchondral bone but also on the cartilage and synovial membrane, and further substantiated the hypothesis that by prophylactically protecting the subchondral bone, the genesis of osteoarthritis could be, at least in part, inhibited. In the context of identifying new candidates targeting osteoarthritis progression, this ephrin system is extremely attractive as a potential novel therapeutic avenue, as therapies having a more global articular approach may prove to be the most successful to arrest or slow the progression of this disease.


THERE has recently been a spate of advice from official sources on how to make patients happier in the hospital. A committee that set out to investigate the pattern of an inpatient's hospital day has concluded that the Victorian discipline under which patients and staff still labor in some hospitals is no longer a necessary condition for efficiency and hygiene. The long tradition of early waking of patients (still 5 a.m. in some hospitals) is particularly criticized, and it is suggested that, as far as possible, hospitals be made homes away from home. The time-honored treatment by rest has too . . .


Multinational Corporations (MNCs) account for a large share of foreign direct investment in the developing nations. As multinational firms become more predominant in the local economy, host country policy makers and MNC managers are challenged to interact in an environment of often conflicting objectives. This paper identifies and discusses the policy issues that arise as multinational corporations invest in the developing nations. The policy issues are grouped into two general categories: macroeconomic policy issues and industry or firm specific policy issues.


As the title of their paper makes clear, McKeganey, Morris, Neal & Robertson (2004) draw a distinction between drug services aimed at abstinence, and those geared towards 'harm reduction.' With respect both to the goals of patients and the practice of providers, this is a false dichotomy. Reduction of harm is the fundamental objective of the response to all chronic illnesses. And so it is with opiate addiction. Whether the primary modality employed involves opiate agonist medication, individual or group counseling, or provision of facilities and equipment for safer injection, the aim is to reduce morbidity and mortality. Harm reduction, both as concept and practice, is totally compatible with 'treatment', and treatment—including 'maintenance' with opiate agonist medication—is completely consistent with the ultimate goal of achieving abstinence from all drugs and medications, legal and illegal. The results of this study demonstrate this point quite dramatically: almost 80% of respondents receiving methadone treatment identified abstinence as an 'aspiration'. Furthermore, while no data bearing on the question are reported here, it is entirely possible that the prescribing of methadone is more successful in attaining lasting abstinence than are drug-free modalities. The fundamental thrust of this study is flawed. Consider asking patients with diabetes, cardiac disease or hypertension to select one of two options that are presented as competing goals of treatment: 'to reduce their risk behaviour' or to overcome, without the need for further medication, the signs and symptoms associated with their disease. Clearly, there would be an overwhelming preference for the latter, and it is significant to note that that objective appears to be more readily achievable with these illnesses than with opiate addiction. And yet, it is a choice that has little practical relevance since the overwhelming majority of patients—regardless of their stated desire—will be unwilling or


Abstract Despite their excellent selectivities and activities, Mo‐and W‐based catalysts for olefin metathesis have not gained the same widespread use as Ru‐based systems, mainly due to their inherent air sensitivity. Herein, we describe the synthesis of air‐stable cationic‐at‐metal molybdenum and tungsten imido alkylidene NHC nitrile complexes. They catalyze olefin metathesis reactions of substrates containing functional groups such as (thio‐) esters, (thio‐) ethers and alcohols without the need for prior activation, for example, by a Lewis acid. The presence of a nitrile ligand was found to be essential for their stability towards air, while no decrease in activity and productivity could be observed upon coordination of a nitrile. Variations of the imido and anionic ligand revealed that alkoxide complexes with electron‐withdrawing imido ligands offer the highest reactivities and excellent stability compared to analogous triflate and halide complexes.


This article considers the part played by the social partners in the development of the European employment strategy over recent months, and in particular their role with reference to the European employment policy guidelines for 1999. The guidelines and national implementation reports are central to the "Luxembourg process" defined in the Employment Title of the Amsterdam Treaty (which has been in force since May 1999, though the Employment Title was largely implemented by political agreement from 1997 onwards). Much of the European-level debate on employment during 1999 has concerned the "European pact for employment", which was heralded by the Vienna European Council of December 1998, and which all the relevant actors were urged to support. Agreement on the pact was reached at the June 1999 European Council in Cologne. This article begins, therefore, by describing the different elements which constitute the pact. The role of the social partners in relation to these components, including the Luxembourg process where it is most developed, is set out in the core of the article, with greater emphasis on trade union than employer involvement. The concluding section provides an overview.


This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in 12 to 22-year-old patients who were submitted to upper digestive endoscopy from 2002 to 2006. Associations with clinic, endoscopic and anatomopathologic findings were made. A cross-sectional study was carried from medical record review and endoscopic and anatomopathologic apraisals. Records of 215 patients were analyzed. Pain or discomfort in epigastrium, hypocondrium or flank was observed in 123 (57.2%) of them. H. pylori was prevalent in 59.5% of the cases. 50.7% of patients had exsudative enantematic gastritis at endoscopy and 91.9% had chronic gastritis at the anatomopathologic exam. The study also identified a significant linear trend between prevalence of H. pylori and the degree of chronic gastritis at the anatomopathologic exam in this group of patients.


The paper aims to evaluate the e ect of French pension reforms enacted since 2009 on labour market outcomes for male workers aged 55-59 years. These reforms have mainly consisted in an increase in the insurance duration to draw a pension at full rate and a rise in legal retirement age. We examine rst how employment rates by age for workers aged 55-59 evolve before 2009 (cohort of workers born in 1948) and afterwards (cohort of workers born in 1954) using the French Labour Force Survey. So we look at upstream e ects of pension reforms on labour force participation at earlier ages through a horizon e ect. Then, we examine the relative contribution of job separation and nding rates to the employment dynamics at the end of career using the All But One Change (AB1C) method suggested by Choi et al., 2015. We highlight the dominant role of job nding rate in accounting for the strong increase in employment rates among workers aged 55-59 observed after the reforms. This e ect is particularly high for the sub-sample of male workers who were not eligible to any early retirement scheme. ∗IREGE, Universite Savoie Mont Blanc, 4, chemin de Bellevue, 74944 Annecy-le-Vieux, 04 50 09 24 49, email@example.com †Université du Maine, GAINS-TEPP, LEMNA


Four Antarctic meteorites have been collected for the first time from the Grove Mountains of East Antarctica, during the 15th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (15th CHINARE) in 1998~1999 austral season. According to the new nomenclature principles of The Nomenclature Committee of International Meteorite Association, these four meteorites are respectively nominated as GRV98001, GRV98002, GRV98003 and GRV98004. After primary studies of petrology, mineralogy and chemical analysis, the classification of these meteorites is as follows: GRV98001, GRV98002 and GRV98004 belong to the ordinary chondrite. GRV98002 attributes to the L5 group and the GRV98004 attributes to the H5 group; while GRV98003 attributes to the extreme fine grain octahedron iron meteorite.


Background. Electrochemotherapy is a new antitumor treatment consisting of electrical pulses administered to the tumor several minutes after intravenous injection of bleomycin. In mice, important antitumor effects were observed on subcutaneously transplanted tumors and on spontaneously occurring mammary carcinomas. Cures were obtained after one single treatment combining bleomycin and electric pulses. In humans, permeation nodules seemed an adequate oncologic situation to assay this new procedure. The authors report the first Phase I‐II trial of electrochemotherapy.


Additional index words. internode elongation, Richards function, nonlinear regression, Euphorbia pulcherrima Abstract. Elongation characteristics of each internode on a lateral shoot of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Klotz) 'Annette Hegg Dark Red' were determined from pinching through anthesis for plants grown with 36 day/night temperature (DT/NT) combinations between 16 and 30C. The Richards function was used to describe the elongation of each internode. The first internode developing on a lateral shoot was longer and matured faster than subsequent internodes. The length of the first internode was a function of the difference between day and night temperatures (DIF = DT - NT). Subsequent internodes elongated uniformly in the absence of flower initiation. In the absence of flower initiation, the length of an internode, after the first, was a function of DIF. Internodes were shorter as proximity to the inflorescence increased. Internode length after the start of short days was a function of DIF and the visible bud index where visible bud index = ((days from pinching to the day an internode began to elongate - days from pinching to the day of the start of flower initiation)/the number of days from pinching to visible bud). A poinsettia lateral shoot elongation model was developed based on the derived functions for internode elongation. The model predicted lateral shoot length within one standard deviation of the mean for plants grown in a separate validation study with 16 combinations of DT/NT. The model allows the prediction of lateral shoot length on any day from pinching through anthesis based on temperature, the number of nodes on the lateral shoot, the time each internode on the lateral shoot began elongating, and the visible bud index at the start of elongation of each node. One of the major problems in commercial poinsettia produc- tion is the control of plant height. The use of growth regulating chemicals has provided a means to control plant height. How- ever, increasing public concern with chemicals in the environ- ment makes it prudent for commercial poinsettia plant producers to" reduce their reliance on all classes of chemicals. To reduce the reliance on chemicals for plant height control, a thorough understanding of the factors that influence stem elongation is needed together with information on how manipulation of these factors can be used to control stem elongation. The influence of temperature on plant stem elongation has been the object of much study. Went (1957) provided an ex- cellent review of the general influence of temperature on stem elongation. He observed that plants grown with cooler DT than NT were shorter than plants grown with a warmer DT than NT. A lack of understanding of the implications of this observation prevented commercial application until the late 1980s. Erwin et al. (1989) quantified the influence of temperature on morpho- genesis of Lilium longiflorium. In particular, they found that the effects of DT and NT on stem elognation could be described quantitatively using the difference between day and night tem- peratures (DIF = DT - NT). Stem elongation increased as DIF increased. Similar relationships have been reported for chrysanthemum (Karlsson et al., 1989), fuchsia (Erwin and Heins, 1988), and poinsettia (Berghage, 1988). This appears to be a general growth response found in most plant species (Moe and Heins, 1989). The objective of this research project was to quantify the influence of temperature on internode elongation in the poin- settia and subsequently develop a computer simulation model.


The ability of decorrelation based on the mathematical model using one snapshot for DOA estimation is analyzed in the paper, and it is presented how to select the snapshot point. Then a new cumulation method is proposed using the periodicity of the transmitted signal. The proposed method can provide better DOA estimation performance at low SNR. The simulation results are presented, which indicate the proposed method is effective.


OBJECTIVE To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.METHODS Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of probiotics for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia compared with placebo or other treatment were searched in PubMed,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,CNKI,CBM and WanFang Data published before December 2012.RCTs were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The data were extracted,the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed,and the Meta-analysis was performed with Revman5.1.0.RESULTS 9 RCTs on probiotics preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia(n=1243)were identified.The Meta-analyses showed that probiotics didn't statistically decease the incidence of VAP[RR=0.82,95%CI(0.66,1.01),P= 0.06]and other outcomes:ICU mortality[RR=0.88,95%CI(0.64,1.21),P=0.42],hospital mortality[RR=0.78,95%CI(0.58,1.05),P=0.10],ICU length of stay[MD=0.61,95%CI(-2.89,4.01),P=0.73],hospital length of stay[MD=-0.99,95%CI(-5.36,3.38),P=0.66],duration of mechanical ventilation days[MD=0.74,95%CI(-2.62,4.10),P= 0.67],incidence of diarrhea[RR=0.91,95%CI(0.77,1.09),P=0.31]and antibiotic-days.But the incidence of colonization of respiratory tract with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was statistically decease[RR=0.38,95%CI(0.15,0.94)P=0.04].No severe adverse events were found in all included studies.CONCLUSION The present evidence is not strong enough to prove that probiotics is effective to prevent VAP and reduce the mortality.However,the results of this Meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity among study designs and ICU specialty.Large sample and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed for further evaluation.


This paper introduces SEMI (Semiconductor Equipment and Material International) standards and describes SECS (Semi Equipment Communications) standards in details. Then we depict the characters and settings of communication with serial ports based on Linux operation system. At last we describe a example that is to communication between HOST with EQUIMENT used serial port based on SECS standard.


The present invention relates to a, more particularly, a signal line forming method of the touch panel so as to derive a signal line connected to the four electrodes in the touch panel been mounted on an image display apparatus using the edge of the touch panel on the touch panel. The method comprising: a signal line forming method of the touch panel according to the present invention is a touch panel, a forming step of forming the upper and lower substrates are formed into a film, and the conductive film is a transparent conductive material on the upper and the lower substrate, an upper conductive film having is derived from the step of forming the first electrode in the first direction, the edge of the substrate, and a step with the first and one end of the second electrode forming the second electrode in the second direction, the edge on the lower substrate conductive film formed outside the control and forming a signal line to supply a signal to be a signal derived from the one end of the electrodes comprising the step of deriving the one side of the touch panel. According to the present invention, since a signal line is connected to the electrode of the touch panel that is the edge rather than the side of the electrode, and derived using the side ends do not need to create an extra space for the signal line becomes even larger display area looks can be compactly have.


The relationship between operation condition and cost for a water treatment system was studied through a full scale test in Binxian Waterworks. It was demonstrated that there existed a most economical turbidity for settled water in operation system. The test indicated that the turbidity is related to the raw water quality with a narrow fluctuation range and effective and economical operation is possible in practical application. It was also found that the coagulant cost is the key factor affecting the operating cost in this waterworks and should be reduced.


Context. Functional precision medicine is gaining momentum in AML, notably through ex vivo drug sensitivity screening (DSS) of primary patient (pt) cells (Pemovska Cancer Discov 2013, Tyner Nature 2018). The DSS landscape differs across genetic AML subgroups (Tyner Nature 2016), of which NPM1mut is the most frequent (Papaemmanuil NEJM 2016). DSS in AML has mostly been done in standard conditions, with overall viability as unique endpoint. Niche signals, which can be partly mimicked in vitro, convey drug resistance in vivo. Drugs can induce a variety of cell fates in AML. Induction of differentiation rather than killing of blasts, can result in false negative results in global viability assays. Persistence of leukemic stem cells (LSC) represents a major cause of treatment failure. GPR56 is a ubiquitous surface marker enriching for LSCs and stable upon short-term ex vivo culture (Pabst Blood 2016).
 Objectives. To develop an ex vivo niche-like multiparametric DSS platform for primary AML cells. To validate its clinical relevance in NPM1mut pts treated with conventional DNR-AraC chemotherapy. To discover new sensitizers to DNR-AraC chemotherapy in NPM1mut AML.
 Results. We designed an MFC panel to count viable blasts and measure their differentiation (CD11b/CD14/CD15) and stemness (GPR56) after exclusion of residual lymphocytes (Figure 1A). We validated GPR56 expression as stemness marker based on increased retention of GPR56+ cells in niche-like coculture combining hypoxia (O2 3%) and MSC compared to standard conditions (p<0.0001, Figure 1B) and limit dilution assays of residual GPR56+ cells at 72h of niche-like culture in 3 NPM1mut AMLs (Figure 1C). Using a limited panel of 14 drugs or combinations at fixed concentrations, our MFC readout after 72h of coculture with MSC+hypoxia revealed the distinct mode of action of different agents or combinations including the differentiation activity of ATO-ATRA, the LSC-sparring cytotoxicity of DNR-AraC and the anti-LSC- activity of VEN (Figure 1D).
 To further mimic in vivo conditions, we derived a MEMa-based plasma-like medium (PLM) based on targeted metabolomics (Figure 1E) and electro-chemoluminescent cytokine assays of 29 diagnostic AML bone marrow plasma samples compared to conditioned media of primary AML cells cultured in niche-like conditions (MSC, hypoxia). This instructed the design of our custom PLM with dialyzed FBS and defined low-dose (~1 ng/mL range) cytokines (CK) and amino-acid (AA) concentrations.
 We next investigated the contribution of MSCs, hypoxia, plasma-like AAs and CKs on blasts viability, differentiation, stemness and drug response in 3 NPM1mut AMLs exposed to fixed concentrations of 6 core AML therapies. This analysis uncovered significant interactions between these 4 niche components in dictating blast viability and stemness upon 72h ex vivo culture (Figure 1F) and revealed the distinct contribution of these niche components to drug sensitivity. RNA-seq of primary blasts cultured in niche-like, plasma-like conditions revealed marked enrichment of stemness pathways compared to ex vivo culture in standard conditions.
 Finally, we explored DNR-AraC (five-point serial dilution) alone or in combination with fixed, clinically relevant concentrations of 24 drugs in 49 primary AML samples (including 34 NPM1mut). Using AUCs of DNR-AraC on lymphocytes as internal control, we first validated our NEXT assay on NPM1 MRD levels in the 34 NPM1mut pts treated frontline with conventional DNR-AraC regimens (Figure 1G). Across all 49 pts, we uncovered 11 different optimal 'third-drugs', stressing the role of our NEXT assay to deploy precision medicine in daily practice. At the population level, we could nominate 3 top combinations, two of which are currently in clinical investigation (Venetoclax and Selinexor). The unpublished sensitizing effect of low dose (0.25µM) Ruxolitinib on DNR-AraC uncovered with our NEXT assay is currently being investigated in PDX models.
 Conclusion. We designed the NEXT assay, a multiparametric drug screening of AML viability, differentiation and stemness in niche-like culture combining hypoxia, stromal interactions and plasma-like medium. Components of the niche-like culture interact to govern leukemic viability and stemness. Our assay could predict MRD achievement in NPM1mut AML and identifies novel sensitizers to DNR-AraC in these pts.

 Clappier: Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ades:Abbvie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; jazz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; novartis: Research Funding; Celgene/BMS: Research Funding. Itzykson:Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Otsuka Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Stemline: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncoethix (now Merck): Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Honoraria; Daiichi Sankyo: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; BMS (Celgene): Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Astellas: Honoraria.


Clause connection has been of recurrent interest in the study of languages, but it has flourished most vigorously over the last 30 years, especially from the point of view of typological studies (Givón 1979; Haiman and Thompson 1988; Lehmann 1988) and grammaticalization studies (Hopper and Traugott 2003), the latter heavily influenced by the former, since they normally have cross-linguistic scope and investigate common paths of development across languages. In addition to these general studies, research on the evolution of specific types of connectives and individual connectors in the English language has also gained in momentum, the present volume being a good illustration of this. On adverbial connectives, particularly worthy of mention is König's (1992) and Leuschner's (2006) research on concessive and concessive-conditional clauses. The case of complementation in the history of the English language has been more amply analyzed (Warner 1982; Fanego 1992; López-Couso and Méndez-Naya 1998, 2001; Los 2005, etc.). As to relative clauses, they were a favoured object of study in the 1960s (e.g. Rydén 1966), again in the 80s (e.g. Romaine 1982), and have attracted interest once more, from the perspective of clause connection (Suárez-Gómez 2006). Connectives in the History of English contains 12 articles, most of which are revised versions of papers presented at the workshop 'Clausal Connectives in the History of English' at the 13 International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (Vienna, 2328 August 2004). This compilation continues the trend of clause combination which began in the 1980s, but introduces new theoretical perspectives and adopts more recent approaches. Kortmann's comprehensive analysis of adverbial subordination (1997), a benchmark in the study of connectives, was clearly influential here. Previous studies on clause connection looked at the sentence as the major unit of analysis and concentrated on its internal structure. Current studies continue to take the sentence as the basic unit of analysis, but ask how it combines in order to form a coherent and cohesive text. The scope is not (or not only) morpho-syntactic, but rather text-linguistic (3). Clause combining is in this volume considered a multifaceted issue in which syntax, semantics, pragmatics and cognition work together. This volume is also an excellent example of corpus-linguistics, since most papers investigate the patterns of variation and change of specific clausal connectives through an analysis of several corpora. In the introduction, the editors explain that the challenge and main goal of the volume is to offer new theoretical perspectives (3) to the analysis of clause connectives, a highly polyfunctional and categorially fuzzy element; their aims are successfully achieved in this book. Clausal connectives of various types throughout the history of


25-YEAR-OLD right-handed woman was in good health until 2 weeks ago, when she stubbed her right great toe and began limping on her right leg. A week later, she dropped a glass from her right hand while washing dishes and found that she could not hold any objects with that hand for an extended time. The next day, she had an episode of dizziness and nausea while standing. Although she did not recall falling at the time, she woke up on the floor a minute later and had to use a chair to pull herself to her feet. Over the next several days, she became unable to bear weight on her right leg, dragging her foot when she walked, and continued to drop things from her right hand. The patient presented to the Cleveland Clinic neurology outpatient clinic and was admitted for further evaluation.


Objective To establish a method to detect Bordetella pertussis based on real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.Methods The primers and Taqman probe were designed according to the repetitive insertion sequence IS481 of Bordetella pertussis.The DNA fragment of IS481 gene of Bordetella pertussis amplified by PCR was used as the template to develop the assay and standard curve.The sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility of the developed real-time quantitative PCR were tested.Results A fine linear relationship(r =0.998) between the threshold cycle(Ct) values of the developed standard curve and the copy number of template was observed.The sensitivity of the assay was 102 copies/μl and the coefficients of variation of intra and inter-assay were less than 4%.No amplication curve of other respiratory pathogens was found thus perfect specificity was shown.Conclusions A real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR for detecting the repetitive element IS481 was successfully developed,and the approach should be available for rapid diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis with good sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility.


Pensacola Regional Airport recently opened an airport operations center (AOC) that can monitor nearly every key operational aspect of the airport, from perimeter security to flight arrival and departure information. The AOC was created because the airport's access control system needed replacing and the fast-growing airport needed to provide higher levels of customer service. The AOC allows for constant security and safety monitoring at a minimum of labor expense.


This work aimed to produce enzymatic fungi extracts with hydrolytic and oxidative activities to hydrolyze lignocellulosic biomasses efficiently. For this, the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Panus lecomtei were co-cultured using the vegetable biomasses oil palm decanter cake, wheat bran, and cottonseed cake as substrates in submerged fermentation. T. reesei and P. lecomtei showed partially compatible positive interaction on plates. The co-cultures respond positively to variations of temperature and inoculum interval, generating extracts responsible for higher hydrolysis yield when grown at 25 °C, and P. lecomtei is inoculated 24 h after T. reesei. The enzymatic extract production of co-cultures was also improved by modifying the components of the initial media and evaluating enzymatic activities, hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by autohydrolysis and ethanol production as a response. Five culture media were evaluated with variations in the composition of nutritional elements, minerals and substrates. The best extract showed a maximum cellulose hydrolysis efficiency of 68.7% compared with 44.8% of the initial medium. The ethanolic fermentation of hydrolysates obtained by co-culture extracts showed higher ethanol yields than monocultures. This work demonstrates the use of fungi co-cultures to produce enzymatic extracts composed of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and ligninolytic enzymes complexes, which allow hydrolyzing pretreated lignocellulosic biomass with high efficiency, generating hydrolysates that are easier fermented by yeast.


Objective:To observe efficacy of moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease.Methods:The subjects were randomly divided into treating group and control group 25 cases,respectively.In the treating group,subjects took moxifloxacin hydrochloride tablets 400 mg Qd for 14 days,and in the control group,they received ceftriaxone sodium injection 0.25g im Bid and took zithromax tablets 0.5g Qd for 14 days.Results:The rate of cure was 92%,no fail cases and following up after 42 days no recrudescent cases,in treating group.However,the rate of cure was 80%in control group with 1 fail cases and 3 recrudescent cases.There were significant differences between two groups about integral of symptoms and signs(P0.05).The treating group was better and no serious adverse events.Conclusion:moxifloxacin hydrochloride Tablets are convenient,effective,no serious adverse events,and valuable to popularize use.


Variants of the thermolabile neutral protease (Npr) of B. subtilis (Npr‐sub) and the thermostable neutral protease of B. stearothermophilus (Npr‐ste) were produced by means of site‐directed mutagenesis and the effects of the mutations on thermostability were determined. Mutations were designed to alter the interaction between the middle and C‐terminal subdomain of these enzymes. In all Nprs a cluster of hydrophobic contacts centered around residue 315 contributes to this interaction. In thermostable Nprs (like Npr‐ste) a 10 residue β‐hairpin, covering the domain interface, makes an additional contribution. The hydrophobic residue at position 315 was replaced by smaller amino acids. In addition, the β‐hairpin was deleted from Npr‐ste and inserted into Npr‐sub. The changes in thermostability observed after these mutations confirmed the importance of the hydrophobic cluster and of the β‐hairpin for the structural integrity of Nprs. Combined mutants showed that the effects of individual mutations affecting the inter action between the subdomains were not additive. The effects on thermostability decreased as the strength of the subdomain interaction increased. The results show that once the subdomain interface is sufficiently stabilized, additional stabilizing mutations at the same interface do not further increase thermostability. The results are interpreted on the basis of a model for the thermal inactivation of neutral proteases, in which it is assumed that inactivation results from the occurrence of local unfolding processes that render these enzymes susceptible to autolysis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Corporations are regularly ascribed rights and duties, yet few believe they should have the right to participate and to vote in democratic elections. The notion that a corporation should be able to vote is typically dismissed as 'preposterous' as it contradicts the principle 'integral to liberal democracy' that only human beings should vote.1 This reply warrants the further, normative, question why only human beings should be able to vote in a democracy. But reasons grounded in normative considerations about democracy are parasitic on assumptions regarding the nature of the entities that can have democratic rights. And these are conceptual questions. The present analysis focuses on the conceptual issue and asks if the nature of corporations disqualifies them from being included in the demos.


In a device for thick matter, in particular concrete production, with a thick matter pump, a discharging from the pump delivery line and with the conveying line receiving mast bracket, the at least one boom arm and is arranged on a preferably provided with a turntable bogie which for the purpose of angular alignment of the masthead by means of a drive, in particular hydraulic motor arranged thereon gear, preferably via a acting on the turntable of the swiveling bolster gear pinion is rotatable and with a equipped with rotation angle sensors measuring device for measuring the rotation angle of the rotary head, the measurement is the angle of rotation of the rotary head by a is carried out direct measurement of the rotation angle of the drive or of the disposed between the motor and turntable transmission.


Decomposition is a key ecosystem function, and the rate of decomposition in forests affects their carbon storage potentials. Processes and factors determining leaf litter decomposition rates in dry‐land and temperate forests are well understood, but these are generally poorly studied in tropical wetland forests, especially freshwater swamp forests (FSF). The home‐field advantage (HFA) hypothesis predicts that soil microbes specialize in decomposing leaf litter produced by the tree species in their immediate vicinity. However, empirical support for the HFA is equivocal, and the HFA has never been tested in the highly heterogeneous and biodiverse ecosystems of tropical FSFs. We collected leaf litter from swamp and non‐swamp tree species in a tropical FSF in Singapore and monitored the decomposition rates of these in swamp and non‐swamp plots for a period of eight months. Leaf litter decomposed 3.7 times more slowly in swamp plots. Leaf litter from swamp tree species were significantly poorer in quality (higher C:N ratio) than those of non‐swamp FSF tree species, but this had only a weak effect on decomposition rates. There was also only weak evidence for the HFA and only in non‐swamp conditions. Our results show that while the leaf litter of tropical FSF swamp and non‐swamp tree species differ significantly in chemical traits, litter decomposition rate is ultimately determined by local abiotic conditions, such as hydrology. Additionally, the high FSF tree diversity may prevent decomposer communities from specializing on any group of leaf litter types and thus limit the extent of HFA observed in such heterogeneous forests.


Titanocene bis(catecholborane), [Cp2Ti(HBcat)2] (1), catalyzes the room-temperature hydroboration of carbonyl compounds by pinacolborane (HBpin) rapidly, cleanly, and chemoselectively. Aryl aldehydes and ketones produced alkoxypinacolboronate esters in moderate to high yields in 2 h, and facile hydrolysis of alkoxypinacolboronate esters over silica occurred cleanly to afford alcohols in good yields. Complex 1 demonstrated a preference for C═O bonds over C═C bonds in both conjugated and nonconjugated enones. Kinetic studies of the catalytic hydroboration of a series of acetophenones showed that electron-poor substrates undergo the reaction more quickly than electron-rich substrates. This result is consistent with the proposed mechanism, in which stronger π-acids should undergo C═O bond cleavage more readily. Computational studies using benzophenone and benzaldehyde showed that the hydroboration is spontaneous and likely proceeds via intermediates that are best described as Ti metallacycles whose structures...


To the Editor:— I am deeply disturbed by the article and the editorial concerning the reporting of venereal disease inThe Journal( 202 :941, 1967). Cleere and associates begin by establishing that reporting is required by law in each of the 50 states of America. They proceed to cite data which indicate there is considerable noncompliance with these laws, and conclude that most physicians comply some of the time. They then suggest this is due to lack of information, understanding and trust. The recommended solution is for public health workers to provide information about the reasons for reporting and demonstrations of trustworthiness. The point that disturbs me is that both the article and the editorial suggest that physicians should be allowed to decide when and under what circumstances they will comply with a law which requires reporting of venereal disease. If this is accepted, to what extent can the principle


Objective: This paper aimed to establish different exercise model of intensity by exercise tests,and to detect the effects of different intensity exercise on visceral nerve to regulate heart rate in rats. Method: After maximum exercise capacity tests,twenty-four ten weeks old male SD rats were divided into three groups: the control group( C),middle-intensity exercise group( M),and high-intensity exercise group( H). Rats in M and H groups took 8 weeks training. The rest heart rate,blood pressure,the heart rate after blocking visceral nerves,and the volumes of M2 receptor,RGS6,KCNJ5 of all the rats were measured after 8 weeks. Results: 1) The heart rate of rats in M and H groups was significantly increased after injecting atropine sulfate,but not happened after injecting propranolol hydrochloride; 2) The volume of M2 receptor was increased in M group,but the volumes of RGS6 and KCNJ5 didn't change in both exercise groups( M and H); 3) The mRNA expressions of M2,RGS6 and KCNJ5 were decreased after middle-intensity exercise and high-intensity exercise. Conclusion: Eight weeks mid-intensity exercise and high-intensity exercise can regulate the function of vagus nerve although they didn't influence heart rate. They can reduce the vagus nerve function to regulate heart rate,but they have no effect on proteins in pathways after vagus nerves effects,and have no effect on heart rate regulation of sympathetic.


Our research mainly focuses on the behaviour of post-installed anchors in fibre reinforced concrete (FRC). In our tests three types of fibres (two types of steel and one type of polypropylene) were used as fibre reinforcement together with two different bonded anchoring systems (vinyl-ester hybrid, epoxy resin). Based on our test results we can state that application of shorter steel fibres has better effect on the resistance of bonded anchors compared to application of longer steel or polymer fibres.


Introduction: Colonoscopy is the mainstay of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) but is relatively expensive and intrusive. We have previously reported a relationship between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the TGFBR1 locus and CRC (ASCO 2013, abstract e14591). Here we extend the analysis to a total of 34 germline SNPs. Further associations would be expected to improve SNP typing as part of a screening protocol.


Photograph of a large monument erected to Felipe Enrique Neri, known as the Baron of Bastrop, on the lawn of the Bastrop County courthouse in Bastrop, Texas.


This article examines ideas of sacred space in twentieth-century Spain, looking in particular at the phenomenon of church burning. Arson attacks on ecclesiastical buildings punctuate Spanish history from the 1909 Tragic Week to the Civil War. The form of the attack was consistent, with the assailants targeting church interiors rather than the building itself. This, the article argues, reflected an anticlerical imaginary in which confinement, seclusion, and conspiracy featured heavily. But it is also the case that churches are hard to burn. During the Civil War of 1936–39, when Catholic practice was illegal and churches requisitioned, often after arson attacks, the question of what to do with them became acute. Just as they were hard to burn, so they were often hard to repurpose. On occasion the reuse appeared to be symbolic rather than practical, despite the claims of rationality and secularization put forward in the historiography. A central theme of the article is that these buildings have to be understood as material objects that impose their own demands on those who interact with them, including those who would burn them down. The sacred space they enclose is contained and demarcated by their walls, the "skin" of the building, which was always the first point of attack.


The significance of glucose and alcohol concentrations In blood samples taken at autopsy, as indices of the concentration of these substances In the blood immediately before death, has been studied at 500 autopsies ordered by the Coroner in Geelong during the period 1965 to 1969. The study shows that there is no "normal" range for blood‐sugar levels determined by the Folin and Wu colorimetric method, or for glucose concentrations determined by a specific glucose‐oxidase enzymatic method. Concentrations of glucose greater than 500 mg/100 ml are not uncommonly present In blood samples taken from the heart at autopsy on non‐diabetic deceased persons. The study also showed that blood‐alcohol concentrations greater than 0–150% can be generated by microorganisms from glucose present in contaminated blood samples kept at room temperature for four days. A concentration of 0–2% sodium fluoride was found unreliable as a preservative for autopsy blood samples.


Aesthetic image is the core of Chinese ancient aesthetics. The image-combinations in poems are meaningful and concise. They deepen the psychological experiences of readers when they are being offered endless information. Also, unique language-combinations strengthen the aesthetic images. Thoughts in Autumn and In a Station of the Metro both have beautiful images created by language-combination, and the continuity in Chinese poem and the intuition of English image poem give readers different feeling experiences.


There is an urgent need to improve the tool predicting success or failure of academic achievement of nursing in Korea so as to identify as early as possible those students who should receive special instruction and to improve screening procedures for admission of nursing. The main purpose of this st...


The two symmetry-independent molecules of the title compound, cevane-3β,6α,20-triol ethanol hydrate (2/1/1), 2C27H45NO3·C2H6O·H2O, have the same stereochemical assignments. The six-membered rings A, B, E and F are in the chair conformation, while ring D is in a boat conformation. The ring fusions are A/B trans, B/C trans, C/D cis, D/E trans and E/F trans. The verticine molecules are bridged by water and ethanol molecules via hydrogen bonds to form two-dimensional layers, and the crystal structure is built up by stacking of these layers.


Background: Considering the fact that family members necessarily spend more time together during the pandemic, this study aims to assess autism spectrum disorder parental quality of life during covid 19. Method: Descriptive community base study was conducted at the city of Al-Taif using semi-structured questionnaire during Feb. 2022. A total of 76 parents living in Al-Taif participated in the study. Results: The study found that the most frequent effect of the emerging corona virus (Covid 19) on isolating the lives of children with autism was to some extent, the percentage 31, and the most frequent effect of the emerging corona virus (Covid 19) on health condition of children with autism was disagree, the percentage 32.8, the most frequency. Conclusion: The Corona epidemic has compounded the suffering of children with special needs, as the quarantine period and restrictions on their ability to go to school and move have been incomprehensible to them, and it has been difficult for them to comprehend the risks, and their health has deteriorated as a result of their failure to attend treatment and follow-up sessions in the Autism House and clinics for months. Children in this category are unable to articulate how they feel about the ongoing trends of people wearing masks and social isolation, which has been imposed in varied degrees for weeks, months, or even a short amount of time.


The LGBTQ community has for long been stigmatised in various countries of the world, including India. While the community found acceptance in ancient times, the present society has been less inclusive. The far-reaching influence of the traditional and new media can be utilised to spread awareness about the issues of the minority LGBTQ community. Various efforts such as online campaigns, support groups, cinematic productions as well as coverage of offline initiatives bythe media have helped raised awareness in recent times. This paper explores the trends related to gender portrayal of the LGBTQ community in the media and the role of the media in gender identity formation and acceptance.


Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Introduction Beyond Euro-optimism and Skepticism Power Politics, Again Divergent Traditions and Conflicting Interests Paradigm Lost and the Conceptual Confusion The Crisis of Modern Democracy Weak Institutions The Choices to be Made Selected Bibliography Index


Sparsity and compressive sensing have had a tremendous impact in science, technology, medicine, imaging, machine learning and now, in solving multiscale problems in applied partial differential equations, developing sparse bases for Elliptic eigenspaces and connections with viscosity solutions to Hamilton-Jacobi equations. L1 and related optimization solvers are a key tool in this area. The special nature of this functional allows for very fast solvers: L1 actually forgives and forgets errors in Bregman iterative methods. I will describe simple, fast algorithms and new applications ranging from sparse dynamics for PDE, new regularization paths for logistic regression and support vector machine to optimal data collection and hyperspectral image processing.


Mark Blaug has made a seminal contribution to economic methodology, the history of economic thought and the economics of education. This volume celebrates Professor Blaug's achievement with a series of high quality essays, written by a distinguished list of economists. An essential purchase for any library specializing in economics.


This article presents the main findings of a multi-country comparative study of the labour market participation of a specific group: the disabled. European policies and practices to help these persons to find and hold down satisfying jobs are mapped out. An overview of the available instruments and facilities to support the integration of these 'outsiders' is then provided. The article discusses the expenditure on and performance of national systems regarding the participation of disabled persons. It concludes that financial resources are not sufficient to convince employers to offer them a job. In all selected countries employers appear to be hesitant to hire disabled persons. The article ends with an assessment of the lessons that can be learned from national good practices.


Strong flux-flow voltage noise, commonly observed in the vicinity of the peak effect in superconductors, is ascribed to a novel noise mechanism. Random injection of the strongly pinned metastable disordered vortex phase through the sample edges and its subsequent random annealing into the weakly pinned ordered phase in the bulk result in large critical current fluctuations causing large vortex velocity fluctuations. In the Corbino disk configuration vortices do not cross sample edges, the injection of the metastable phase is prevented, and accordingly the excess noise is absent.


This paper is a survey of the literature on determinants of budget deficits. It presents some important studies, in particular the emphasize is given to the empirical results. It begins with tax smoothing model and concludes that this approach alone is not possible to explain the determinants of budget deficits. The political determinants of budget deficits are organized as: stability, disagreement between decision makers, ideological differences, fiscal restraints and budgeting procedures. The empirical results about these factors are presented. Political factors, which contains important policy implications, seem to be effective to clarify the subject.


For a set of overlapping flat seal rail, in particular bitumen - a hot air welding device (1) is to be welded seal rail hot air welding nozzle (5), having a hot air connection (7), constituting an air chamber (11) on a hot plate and a lower hot plate (9,10), at least one end face between the hot plate and the hot plate (9,10) against the direction of movement of the hot air welding device (1) of the reverse outlet orifice (12), wherein (1) is provided along the direction of movement of the hot air welding device at least one front and at least a hot air away from the inside of the joint (7) is provided at the end side to the outlet orifice (13), projecting a hot plate (9,10) of the air guiding device (14). With the hot air welding nozzle according to the present invention is composed of a hot air welding or a corresponding device may be configured so that the sealing track, in particular asphalt - quickly seal rail welded by pre-heating zone is substantially longer.


Part I: The problem * Call for operationalizing environmental sustainability * Environment and human well-being * Links to other Millennium Development Goals * Other links * Driving environmental change * Direct drivers of environmental change * Indirect drivers of environmental change * Controlling the drivers of environmental change * Key elements of environmental change * Regional diagnosis of environmental conditions * Why has environmental sustainability been elusive? * Lack of clear operational objectives * Insufficient direct investment in environmental management * Poor integration into sector policies * Inadequate institutional capacity, misalignment of goals, and poor governance * Widespread market failures and distortions * Underinvestment in science and technology * Difficulty of regional and international cooperation * Limited public awareness * Part II: The solution * Investing in environmental management * Element 1: agricultural production systems * Element 2: forests * Element 3: freshwater resources and ecosystems * Element 4: fisheries and marine ecosystems * Element 5: air and water pollution * Element 6: global climate change * Structural changes for environmental sustainability * Strengthening institutions and governance * Correcting market failures and distortions * Improving access to and use of knowledge * Mobilizing science and technology for sustainable development * Implementing strategies for environmental sustainability * National implementation mechanisms * Regional implementation mechanisms * Global implementation mechanisms *


We survey all four years of papers published so far at the Learning at Scale conference in order to reflect on the major research areas that have been investigated and to chart possible directions for future study. We classified all 69 full papers so far into three categories: Systems for Learning at Scale, Interactions with Sociotechnical Systems, and Understanding Online Students. Systems papers presented technologies that varied by how much they amplify human effort (e.g., one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-many). Interaction papers studied both individual and group interactions with learning technologies. Finally, student-centric study papers focused on modeling knowledge and on promoting global access and equity. We conclude by charting future research directions related to topics such as going beyond the MOOC hype cycle, axes of scale for systems, more immersive course experiences, learning on mobile devices, diversity in student personas, students as co-creators, and fostering better social connections amongst students.


From the monuments we can tell what the Egyptian musical instruments looked like and what kind of noises they produced. We have pictures of the Egyptian musicians, from the Old Kingdom on, plucking the strings of their harps, blowing their flutes, singing, and, to accentuate the rhythm, shaking sistra, beating drums, striking sticks together, or clapping the hands. We also get some idea of the rhythm from the words of a number of songs, of which the "Song of the Harper" is probably the best known. But while it is easy to make a mental picture of the twanging noise of the harp, the reedy squeal of the double clarinet, and the rhythmic rattle of the sistrum, we have very little data to indicate what cadences the Egyptian used or what his melodies might have been. Music histories, dictionaries, and encyclopedias give almost no mention of Egyptian music, and as a rule begin with the Greek music of the sixth century B.C. But for a good start at least in the study of Egyptian music we are indebted to Professor Curt Sachs, of Berlin.' He gives a concise and thorough historical study of the clappers, the sistrum, the drum, the flute, the double clarinet, the oboe, the trumpet, the harp, the lyre, and the lute. From this study he concludes that the music of the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom was pentatonic, i.e., that there were five tones in one octave, which five tones he thinks correspond to the five tones made by the black keys on our piano. Research on the Middle Kingdom flutes, he asserts, gives further evidence of this. He thinks that the pentatonic scale was preserved in the Empire in spite of the invasion of foreign styles. The fact that some of the instruments are capable of producing seven or more tones, he thinks, indicates not the introduction of the seven-tone diatonic scale, but merely the expansion of the fivetone scale by the adding of octave notes. As an analogy he cites the


Anniversaries have a way of creeping up on you. We may have been too busy getting out the magazine to spend a lot of time celebrating, much less reflecting on, two decades of publishing. A lot has happened, in and out of our pages, in that time: a transit from the cultural aftermath of the sixties with its utopian and radical hopes, through the age of Reagan and postmodernism to the present moment ofwhat? A New World Order after the fall of the Soviet Union? An end to history or the beginning of a new millennium? A series of generational ciphers X, Y, Z . . .waiting to be decoded? One thing seems clear: Critical Inquiry has flourished in these decades because criticism has flourished. Since our founding date in 1974, the world of criticism has been transformed and scores of new critical journals have been started. New intellectual movements, critical fashions, methods, archives, subject areas have changed the whole face of critical discussion. Feminism and gender studies, cultural studies, semiotics, deconstruction and poststructuralism, new historicism, studies in media and mass culture, the new art history, the new anthropology, the new history of science, new theologies.... Simply to list our special issues and fora since On Metaphor in 1978 is to glimpse the contours of an intricate and unpredictable intellectual journey: On Narrative; The Language of Images; Writing and Sexual Difference; The Politics of Interpretation; "Race," Writing, and Difference; Against Theory; Pluralism and Its Discontents; Canons; The Trial(s) of Psychoanalysis; Literature and Social Practice; Politics and Poetic Value;


The invention discloses a synthetic method of fumaric acid, which comprises the following steps: heating a maleic acid solution to 70-72 DEG C, and then, adding sulfuric acid to the heated maleic acid solution, adding ammonium persulfate and sodium bromide to the obtained mixture to carry out a reaction, after the temperature of reaction liquid reaches 70 DEG C, carrying out cooling crystallization, and then, putting a crystallized material in a centrifuge for centrifuging, and drying the centrifuged material to obtain the fumaric acid. The synthetic method of the fumaric acid, which is provided by the invention, has high quality and yield and is low in production cost.


A hook fastener structure is provided to manufacture a hook element having an effective performance for a semi-permanent or permanent application scope, like mounting of a seat cover of motor vehicle, and to achieve the improved rigidity and fastening force, the maximized performance, and the easy change of the various shape characteristics. A hook fastener structure comprises: many hook layers(15), wholly extended in a longitudinal direction inside the structure, and having many hooks(16) which are extended from hook layer bases(26) respectively wherein the hook layer bases are separated from each other by a valley(39); many receiving layers(30), wholly extended in a longitudinal direction inside the structure, and having many fingers and many receiving layer bases, wherein the many receiving layer bases are also separated from each other by the valley; and many spacer layers(40), having many spacer layer bases which are also separated from each other by the valley.


Electronic band structure and defect formation energy of TlGaSe2 are studied using density functional method within the Local Density Approximation. Calculated band structure shows that the top of valence band and the bottom of conduction band locate at the symmetry point  and along the symmetry line –Y, respectively. The defect formation energy is calculated as the difference between the total energy of a stable structure and the relaxed defect structure at constant volume. Calculation is done for the five charge states: 2, 1, 0, 1, 2. Energies of vacancies' (VTl, VGa, VSe) formation are determined for the TlGaSe2 crystal consisting of 63 atoms for the various charge states as a function of Fermi energy. The calculated optical properties indicate that the optical energy gap is increased due to the Se and Tl vacancies.


We have synthesized Cu(II) complexes with m- hydroxy benzaldehyde semicarbazone (L1 =Hm-HBSC), m-hydroxy benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (L2= Hm-HBTSC), p- hydroxyl benzaldehyde semicarbazone (L3= Hp-HBSC) and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (L4= Hp-HBTSC). These complexes were characterized through elemental analysis, molecular weight, electrical conductance and magnetic susceptibilities at room temperature .The observed magnetic moments of all these complexes are consistent with the presence of a single unpaired electron. On the basis of above observations the complexes were proposed to be octahedral structure. These complexes were screened for anti-bacterial and antifungal properties and have exhibited potential activity.


Ad hoc networks are decentralized systems that work without a fixed infrastructure and exhibit dynamic and stochastic behaviors. These conditions allow us to analyze them through properties like self-organization, adaptation and the use of the agent paradigm for managing and controlling the network. In this article, socially inspired computing is used to implement a register module for software agents through the concepts of institution and robustness; our goal is to build a software application that keeps working under the unexpected operating conditions of the ad hoc networks. IEEE FIPA protocols were used to design the agents and the communication channels. Three scenarios were developed, and failures in the systems were simulated. The results show the robustness of the module; it can recover itself from failures and allow the services to keep operating in acceptable conditions.


This work examines the pinning enhancement in BaZrO 3 (BZO) +Y2O3 doubly-doped (DD) YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) nanocomposite multilayer (DD-ML) films. The film consists of two 10 nm thin Ca0.3Y0.7Ba2Cu3O7-x (CaY-123) spacers stacking alternatively with three BZO + Y2O3/YBCO layers of 50 nm each in thickness that contain 3 vol% of Y2O3 and BZO doping in the range of 2–6 vol%. Enhanced magnetic vortex pinning and improved pinning isotropy with respect to the orientation of magnetic field (B) have been achieved in the DD-ML samples at lower BZO doping as compared to that in the single-layer counterparts (DD-SL) without the CaY-123 spacers. For example, the pinning force density (F p ) of ∼58 GNm−3 in 2 vol.% of DD-ML film is ∼110% higher than in 2 vol% of DD-SL at 65 K and B//c-axis, which is attributed to the improved pinning efficiency by c-axis aligned BZO nanorods through diffusion of Calcium (Ca) along the tensile-strained channels at BZO nanorods/YBCO interface for improvement of the interface microstructure and hence pinning efficiency of BZO nanorods. An additional benefit is in the considerably improved J c (θ) and reduced J c anisotropy in the former over the entire range of the B orientations. However, at higher BZO doping, the BZO nanorods become segmented and misoriented, which may change the Ca diffusion pathways and reduce the benefit of Ca in improving the pinning efficiency of BZO nanorods.


vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 1 Review of Literature 4 History of Formative Assessment 4 Current State of Formative Assessment 8 Creating a Definition 12 Chapter Summary 12 CHPATER 2: RESEARCH DESIGN 14 Research Questions 14 Site and Participant Selection 15 Table 1: Central School District Teachers 15 Data Collection 16 Interviews 16 Classroom Observations 16 Data Analysis 17 Validity 20 CHAPTER 3: TEACHER PERCEPTIONS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT 21 Teachers' Definitions of Formative Assessment 21 What Happens After the Initial Formative Assessment Task 24 Table 2: Teachers' Definitions and Examples by Theme Level 25 Types of Formative Assessments Teachers Reported Using 26 Table 3: Reported Types of Formative Assessments 26 Table 4: Reported Types and Whether Imbedded in Lesson Plans 29 Teachers' Self Rating of Their Use of Formative Assessment 29 Table 5: Teachers' Self Ratings, Steps to Improve and Barriers 31


Animals require a certain amount of habitat to persist and thrive, and habitat loss is one of the most critical drivers of global biodiversity decline. While habitat requirements have been predicted by relationships between species traits and home-range size, little is known about constraints imposed by environmental conditions and human impacts on a global scale. Our meta-analysis of 395 vertebrate species shows that global climate gradients in temperature and precipitation exert indirect effects via primary productivity, generally reducing space requirements. Human pressure, however, reduces realised space use due to ensuing limitations in available habitat, particularly for large carnivores. We show that human pressure drives extinction risk by increasing the mismatch between space requirements and availability. We use large-scale climate gradients to predict current species extinction risk across global regions, which also offers an important tool for predicting future extinction risk due to ongoing space loss and climate change.


Background and Purpose:Pancreatic cancer is malignant tumor of the digestive tract with poor prognosis and is not sensitive to conventional chemotherapy.This study investigates the safety and feasibility of regional arterial ligation followed by intra-arterial perfusion chemotherapy in 14 pigs divided into groups A,B and C.Methods:14 pigs were divided into 3 groups.Group A(n=5) underwent gastroduodenal artery ligation and catheterization through the right gastroepiploic artery.Group B(n=5) underwent splenic artery ligation and catheterization.Group C(n=4) underwent left periotic vein puncture.5-FU(20mg/kg) was perfused into these catheters in 60 min.Blood samples and pancreatic tissue were obtained for the purposes of the determination of drug concentration and pathological diagnosis.Results:At 80 min and 100 min the drug concentration in portal vein of group A and group B were higher than those of group C(P0.05,P0.01 respectively).The concentration of 5-FU in jugular vein of group A and B at 20 min,40 min and 60 min were much lower than those of group C.The concentrations of 5-FU in pancreatic tissue of group A and B at 40 min and 80 min were much higher than those of group C(P0.01).There were no significant differences between the blood sugar,amylase and insulin levels before,2 hours and 24 hours after perfusion in each group.After 5-FU treatment,most of the samples were pathologically normal in pancreatic tissue by HE stain.A few of them showed variable degrees of edema in pancreatic tissue.There was no obvious necrosis found in the samples.Pancreatic islets were normal in most animals by ABC immunohistological stain,while there were lymphcytes in pancreatic islets in a few of them and β cells of pancreatic islets were slightly damaged in rare cases.Conclusions:Compared with systemic chemotherapy,regional perfusion of pancreas with 5-FU after gastroduodenal artery or splenic artery ligation significantly increased the concentration of 5-FU in pancreatic tissue and decreased the peripheral drug concentration and had no influences on blood sugar, amylase,insulin levels,and had no severe damage to pancreatic histologic structure and pancreatic islets β-cells.


The study investigated the levels of contributions and effects of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on the occupational stress of senior secondary school teachers. And also tried to find out if stress differs with gender, age and class size .Five hypotheses tested at alpha level of 0.05 guided the study. The instruments used for the study were Teachers' Emotional Intelligence Scale (TEIS), Teacher General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (TGPSS), Teachers' Occupational Stress Scale (TOSS),and Questionnaire for class size. 100 teachers were drawn through disproportionate stratified random sampling technique, where 10 teachers (both male and female) were drawn from each school used for the study. Data collected were analyzed using multiple regression statistics, One-way ANOVA, and Independent ttest. Findings of the study revealed that TEI and SE predicted occupational stress of teachers. Recommendations were made based on the findings. The major goals of school at any level are for the students to attain their academic excellence and quality education and many other secondary objectives. The extent to which these goals and objectives can be realized depends majorly on the teachers. The teachers are one among other factors that facilitate academic performance and educational enterprise as a whole. However, studies have identified among other things, occupational stress as one of the factors that is posing threat on the well being and effective performance of employees (Cooper & Cartwright, 1994). Pastorino and Doyle-Portillo (2006) defined stress as any event or environmental stimulus that we respond to because we perceive it as challenging or threatening. This explains the degree to which people have to change and readjust their lives in response to external events. The more change that is required, the more stress occurs. In this definition, stress is not limited to unhappy events alone; it applies to happy events in one's life as well, if the event causes a person to change his or her daily routines. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) as cited by Aronson, Wilson and Akert (1998) viewed stress in a different perspective. To them stress is the negative feelings and beliefs that occur whenever people feel unable to cope with demands from their environment. This implies that event could only be regarded as being stressful if people or an individual views it as devastating. Hence, stress is a generalized non-specific response of the body to any demand made on it. Occupational stress describes physical, mental and emotional wear and tear brought about by incongruence between the requirement of the job and capabilities, resources and needs of the employees to cope with job demands (Akinboye, Akinboye & Adeyemo, 2002). The financial costs of occupational stress to organizations and industries were documented and estimated and at least half of the records of absenteeism from work are in some manner, stress related (Cooper & Cartwright, 1994). Job stress can have a wide range and negative impact on the well being and daily functioning of individuals. The indices of stress as revealed psychologically is seen in depression, anxiety, low self esteem; cognitively, it is unveiled as in absentmindedness, failure of attention and memory; behaviourally, it is seen as in absenteeism, aggression and substance abuse. Association of University Teachers,( AUT,1990) in United Kingdom reported that 49% of the University employees reported that their jobs were very stressful and 77% reported an increase in occupational stress over the years. Akinboye, Akinboye and Adeyemo (2002) reported in their work that over 70% of employees worldwide described their job as stressful with more than one at work on a daily basis. The high level of stress reported among the teaching staff was attributed to limited Knowledge Review Volume 26 No. 2, December, 2012 140 resources, shortage of time, inadequate salaries, poor faculty communication, professional disillusionment, conflicting job demands, frequent interruptions, publication efforts and majorly, the high rate of students' enrolments with non-corresponding teaching staff (Awopegba 2001,). Looking at the above enumerations, it is evident that there is a strong connection between academic work and stress. This is why it became important for this study to investigate the effects of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on occupational stress of the senior secondary school teachers in Rivers state, Nigeria. According to Bandura (2000), perceived self efficacy is people's beliefs about their capabilities to produce designed levels of performance that exercise influence over events that affect their lives. A strong self-efficacy enhances human accomplishment and personal well being in several ways; people with high capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be measured rather than as threats to be avoided. They approach threatening situations with assurance that they can exercise over them. This kind of drive produces accomplishment, reduces stress and lowers vulnerability to depression. While those who doubt their capabilities shy away from difficult task, which they look at as threats. They have low aspirations and weak commitment to the goals they choose to pursue. They dwell on their personal deficiencies, on the obstacles they encounter, and on all kinds of adverse outcomes rather than concentrating on how to perform successfully when they are faced with difficult tasks. They give up quickly in the face of difficulties. They fall easily to stress and depression ( Bandura, 2000). Self efficacy find implications in various fields such as educational setting, medicine, pharmacy, politics, religious bodies, business and the like. Emotional intelligence also has been found to impact on psychological wealth particularly occupational stress (Ciarrochi, Chan & Bajgar, 2001). Ciarochi, Chan and Caputi, (2000) posited that emotional intelligence may protect people from stress and lead to better adaptation. They believe that an objective measure of emotional management skills is associated with a tendency to maintain an experimentally induced positive mood which has obvious implications for preventing stress. Since teaching in itself entails a lot of strenuous academic and non academic demands and stressors, increased emotional intelligence might result in better stress coping mechanisms, which will result to good performance in workspace and better lifestyle. Pan and Croucher (2003) in a cross sectional survey design investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress among a cohort of dental undergraduate students. Emotional intelligence scores of the women were found to be significantly higher than those of the men (p<0.05). The mean perceptive scores were higher in students over twenty one (21) years of age (p<0.01), female students (p<0.05) and those in higher years of school (p<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that EI scale scores were inversely related to PSS-10 scores. They found that the dental students with greater degree of EI may be more apt at coping and dealing with academic and non academic stressful situations and that reducing perceived stress may improve academic performance as well as patient satisfaction. Teaching by its nature demands that teachers demonstrate or display emotion they may not actually feel. For instance, teachers are expected to demonstrate usually love and kindness to their students and their colleagues. They are also expected to serve as mentors and motivate students who are even unwilling to learn. All these are themselves stressful. Thus, research reports asserted that teachers generally have a high level of stress among other employees. Indeed, research in teacher occupational stress in Nigeria has been quite scanty. There is need to find out how emotional intelligence and self efficacy predict teachers occupational stress in senior secondary schools in Rivers State of Nigeria. This is the main thrust and the problem of this study. Thus, the purpose of this study was two-fold: to find out the contributions of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy to occupational stress of secondary school teachers, and find out whether characteristics such as gender, age, and class size contribute to occupational stress of teachers. This study was therefore designed to test these research hypotheses: i. There is no significant contribution of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on Occupational stress of senior secondary school teachers in Rivers State; Gladys Promise


The article gives a complete description of Yuan Zhens poetic writing, spreading of his poetry collections and moral assessment. The article absorbs the present research findings and presents the authors'own inflections in the hope that it can facilitate the discussion of relevant questions.


GUIGUW v0.1, a software for the extraction of stress guided waves features in straight waveguides immersed in vacuum has been developed. The software uses semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) formulations for the calculation of the wave propagation characteristics. Isotropic and anisotropic materials with linear elastic and linear viscoelastic rehological behaviors can be considered. Any waveguide cross-section can be modeled. The software allows to represent the dispersion results for each wave in terms of wavenumber, wavelength, phase velocity, group velocity (for undamped waveguides), energy velocity and attenuation (for damped waveguides).


Abdominoplasty and liposuction have traditionally been two separate procedures. Traditional plication alone, or with liposuction and/or external oblique plication was used at large scope. There are controversies between the effi ciency of the previous three techniques to produce a good abdominal contour with aesthetically satisfying waist. Eighty patients were evaluated for the aesthetics of abdominal contour and abdominal waist. This evaluation was done in Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ain Shams University and Department of General surgery, Kasr Aini Hospital, Cairo University. Patients were categorized into three groups; Group I. 40 had abdominplasty with traditional plication only (midline plication). Group II 30 had abdominoplasty with midline placation together with liposuction, while in Group III 10 external oblique plication with midline placation was done. Wound complications, patient satisfaction, patient discomfort and revision rate were compared statistically using chi-square analysis and a two-tailed significance level set at p≤ 0.05. Group I experienced an overall complication rate of 10% (4 patients), 15 % were dissatisfied (6 patients) and underwent further revisions. Group II showed a complication rate of 20 % (6 patients), 10% were dissatisfied (3 patients) , while in group III had a complication rate of 20% (2 patients), 20% were dissatisfied (2 patients) and 70% showed moderate to severe discomfort along both sides of the abdominoplasty for up to 6 months. Traditional abdominoplasty with liposuction is the operation of choice while in the traditional abdominoplasty alone, there was the lowest incidence of complication rate with no marked improvement of the waist line. On the other hand, plication of the external oblique shows great improvement of the waistline but with higher incidence of complication especially the pain which may last for several months.


Objective[WT5"BZ] To evaluate the effect of stump anorectal longitudinal incision and colorectal heart shape anastomosis for the treatment of Hirschsprung′s disease (HD). Methods Ninety eight children with HD underwent colorectal resection and GI reconstruction by our method from April 1991 to April 2000. Results All patients were followed up for 5~96 months. There were no postoprative infection in pelvic and celiac cavities or wound infection,nor anastomotic strictures. One patient had an anastomotic fistula that was treated successfully by early repair. Recurrent constipation in 3 cases was successfully treated by dilatation. One patient experienced occasional fecal seepage. Enterocolitis occured in six patients. The overall complication rate was 11 2%.[WT5"HZ] Conclusion[WT5"BZ] Anorectal longitudinal incision and heart shape colorectal anastomosis has the advantage of satisfactory clinical result and less complication in the treatment of HD.


Problem statement: The study deals with a standby system consisting of two units. Initially
one unit is operative and the other is standby. When both the units are failed then there is a provision
of switching over to the other similar system. This practical situation may be observed in an oil
refinery plant. Real data on failure and repair rates of such units collected from oil refinery plant, Pani
pat, India have been used for present study. Approach: The system is analyzed by making use of
semi-Markov processes and regenerative point technique. Results: Expression for the expected profit is
obtained after obtaining various measures of system effectiveness. Graphical analysis is also done for a
particular case and various interpretations are made. Conclusion: Upper/lower limits for various
rates/costs/probabilities can be obtained to get the positive profit for the system and to decide about the
least value of the price of the product to be produced.


Total and spectral solar irradiance are key parameters in the assessment of solar influence on changes in the Earth's climate. We present a reconstruction of daily solar irradiance obtained using the SATIRE-S model spanning 1974 to 2013 based on full-disc observations from the KPVT, SoHO/MDI and SDO/HMI. SATIRE-S ascribes variation in solar irradiance on timescales greater than a day to photospheric magnetism. The solar spectrum is reconstructed from the apparent surface coverage of bright magnetic features and sunspots in the daily data using the modelled intensity spectra of these magnetic structures. We cross-calibrated the various data sets, harmonizing the model input so as to yield a single consistent time series as the output. The model replicates 92% of the variability in the PMOD TSI composite including the secular decline between the 1996 and 2008 solar cycle minima. The model also reproduces most of the variability in observed Lyman-alpha irradiance and the Mg II index. The UV solar irradiance measurements from the UARS and SORCE missions are mutually consistent up to about 180 nm before they start to exhibit discrepant rotational and cyclical variability, indicative of unresolved instrumental effects. As a result, the agreement between model and measurement starts to deteriorate above this wavelength. As with earlier similar investigations, the reconstruction cannot reproduce the overall trends in SORCE/SIM SSI. We argue, from the lack of clear solar cycle modulation in the SIM record and the inconsistency between the total flux recorded by the instrument and TSI, that unaccounted instrumental trends are present. The reconstruction is consistent with observations from multiple sources, demonstrating its validity. It also provides further evidence that photospheric magnetism is the prime driver of variation in solar irradiance on timescales greater than a day.


This work focuses on design and study of low cost corners truncated antennas arrays, printed on alumina, operating at L1/L2 GPS frequencies. This device consists on one patch antennas array to be integrated, in a warning system, with the aim of detecting ionosphere disturbances associated with land-based perturbations and tsunami's arrivals at the coast. To address such concerns, we studied a dual frequency patch antennas array. The performances of the antenna have been measured in terms of return loss, frequency of operation, axial ratio, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. Particularity and major advantage of this antenna, compared to conventional marketed GPS antennas, is the simultaneous use of both GPS frequencies L1 and L2.


Maugham is an author who is interested in Chinese culture.The travelogue of On a Chinese Screen recorded his tour in China in 1920.By his profound insight and his elegant,sharp pen,he depicted the characters,the sceneries and some incidents he met in China,which shaped a particular image of China.In On a Chinese Screen,Maugham paints three aesthetic images of China,antique and glorious China,dilapidated and uncultured China,as well as serene and placid China.The images of China by Maugham are his recognition and negation based on the reality of China,which exemplifies the social,cultural and ideological normal form of the community he belongs to.It is also the result of the impact between his inner world and the outside world.


Correction for 'Experimental and theoretical charge density distribution in Pigment Yellow 101' by Jonathan J. Du et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04302b.


Evolvable arithmetic uses fixed length chromosome code which can decide configuration in traditional evolvable hardware,its long code will led to low evolvable rate and high cost.An evolvable arithmetic which based on ternary code was advanced,these disadvantages can be solved by it.Using the matrix operation predominance of Matlab and the traditional GA,which can implement evolvable arithmetic,and find optimal circuit encode matrix,and get the optimal circuit function expression.The instance reflects many merits,which including the ternary code has small dimensions than fixed length chromosome code,fast constringent was led by multi-element directional variation,the validity of ternary code was proved.


AbstractInundated floodplains, backwaters, and wetlands are important spawning habitats for many freshwater fish. In Midwestern North America and areas of northern Europe, the Common Carp Cyprinus carpio and Northern Pike Esox lucius inhabit many of the same watersheds and perform migrations to interconnected wetlands during the spring to spawn. In this study, the movement patterns of adult Northern Pike and Common Carp from lakes into adjoining wetlands were assessed in Minnesota to determine how and when these species moved, and if Common Carp might be blocked or trapped without disrupting the Northern Pike. Adult Northern Pike migrated over an extended several-week period starting early each March, when temperatures were greater than 4oC and when the fish were fully sexually mature (i.e., females were ovulated and running with eggs, and males were spermiating). In contrast, adult Common Carp migrated over relatively short time periods that lasted just a few days between April and June, and whose specif...


. The article presents both the methods of data processing of electromyography (EMG), and EMG signal analysis using the implemented piece of software. This application is used to load the EMG signal stored in a file with the .C3D extension. The analysis was conducted in terms of the highest muscles activaton during exercise recorded with Motion Capture technique.


The influence of temperature on soil engineering properties is a major concern in the design of engineering systems such as radioactive waste disposal barriers, ground source heat pump systems and pavement structures. In particular, moisture redistribution under pavement systems might lead to changes in unbound material stiffness that will affect pavement performance. Accurate measurement of thermal effects on unsaturated soil hydraulic properties may lead to reduction in design and construction costs. This paper presents preliminary results of an experimental study aimed at determining the effect of temperature on the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function (kunsat). Pressure plate devices with volume change control were used to determine the SWCC and the instantaneous profile method was used to measure kunsat. These properties were obtained for two fine-grained materials subjected to controlled temperatures of 5°C, 25°C and 40°C. The results were used to perform a sensitivity analysis of the effect of temperature changes on the prediction of moisture movement under a covered area. The findings were compared to field measured water content data obtained on the subgrade of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) William Hughes test facility located in Atlantic City. Results indicated that temperature affected the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the two fine-grained materials used in the study. For the DuPont soil, the water retention at 5°C was higher than that for higher temperatures for suction levels lower than about 10,000 kPa; while the kunsat functions were not statistically different. The County soil holds around 10% more moisture at 5°C than at 40°C for suction levels higher than about 1,000 kPa and the kunsat function at 40°C was slightly higher than the function at 5°C. The finding from sensitivity analysis showed that the most accurate modeling was the modeling with unsaturated material properties at 40°C and the difference in unsaturated hydraulic properties did lead to some variations in modeling results.


The objective of this retrospective study at Internal Medicine Department of Paholpolpayuhasena Hospital, from January 1 to December 31, 2007, was to determine clinical characteristic, risk factors,susceptibility test for antimicrobial agents, result of treatment and adverse reactive reactions of antimicrobial agents of multidrug – resistant Acinetobacter baumanii ventilator – associated pneumonia. The total number of patients were 30, age was 69 years old, had co – morbidities 87 percent. There were early – onset VAP 10 percent, late – onset of VAP Ventilator – Associated Pneumonia 90 percent of which, 30 percent were treated by colistin, 70 percent were treated by other antimicrobial agents, total mortality rate was 63 percent, mortality rate of colistin group and non – colistin group was 44 percent and 71 percent respectively there was no statistical singficant among them, rate of acute ranal failure of colistin colistin group and non – colistin group was 44 percent and 9.5 percent respectively, which differed with statistical significance (p<0.05). Key words : Ventilator – Associated Pneumonia


We study digraph k -coloring games where agents are vertices of a directed unweighted graph and arcs represent agents' mutual unidirectional idiosyncrasies or conflicts. Each agent can select one of k different colors, and her payoff in a given state is given by the number of outgoing neighbors with a different color. Such games model lots of strategic real-world scenarios and are related to several fundamental classes of anti-coordination games. Unfortunately, the problem of understanding whether an instance of the game admits a pure Nash equilibrium is NP-complete [33]. Therefore, in the last few years a relevant research focus has been that of designing polynomial time algorithms able to compute approximate Nash equilibria, i.e., states in which no agent, changing her strategy, can improve her payoff by some bounded multiplicative factor. The only two known algorithms in this respect are those in [14]. While they provide theoretical guarantees, their practical performance over real-world instances so far has not been investigated. In this paper, under the further motivation of the lack of practical approximation algorithms for the problem, we experimentally evaluate the above algorithms with the conclusion that, while they were suitably designed for achieving a bounded worst case behavior, they generally have a poor performance. Therefore, we next focus on classical best-response dynamics, and show that, despite of the fact that they might not always converge, they are very effective in practice. In particular, we provide a strong empirical evidence that they outperform existing methods, since surprisingly they quickly converge to exact Nash equilibria in almost all instances arising in practice. This also shows that, while this class of games is known to not always possess pure Nash equilibria, in almost all cases such equilibria exist and can be efficiently computed, even in a distributed uncoordinated way by a decentralized interaction of the agents. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Algorithmic game theory and mechanism design; Theory of computation → Quality of equilibria; and analysis of algorithms;