There are many aspects of software quality that needs to be addressed during the modern software design process. One of the most important of those aspects in the software quality is software evolvability. Software evolvability can be defined as level of easiness with which a software system can be modified to meet the future requirements. It may be regarded as the future potential of enhancing the quality of software system. Many studies in number of software industry investigated the relation between particular software metrics and effort on evolving individual classes, but little attention has been given to assessing and measuring evolvability of the entire software systems. This paper mainly focuses on the attributes of software evolvability that can help us to measure the evolvabilty of the software system. A survey template is being developed to find the significance hierarchy of the properties of software evolvability.


Strongly-Coupled Dark Energy plus Warm dark matter (SCDEW) cosmologies admit the stationary presence of ∼1% of coupled-DM and DE, since inflationary reheating. Coupled-DM fluctuations therefore grow up to non-linearity even in the early radiative expansion. Such early non-linear stages are modelized here through the evolution of a top-hat density enhancement, reaching an early virial balance when the coupled-DM density contrast is just 25–26, and the DM density enhancement is ∼10 % of the total density. During the time needed to settle in virial equilibrium, the virial balance conditions, however, continue to modify, so that "virialized" lumps undergo a complete evaporation. Here, we outline that DM particles processed by overdensities preserve a fraction of their virial momentum. Although fully non-relativistic, the resulting velocities (moderately) affect the fluctuation dynamics over greater scales, entering the horizon later on.


HE actual concrete market is highly competitive these days. The companies are saving the budget, so they need to enter technology and their tests in concrete industry. There are empirical equations for estimating the characteristic strength of concrete based only on concrete tests for normal concrete, so it is important to find out the relationship between concrete and how to predict the strength from concrete mixture in this study.


A low energy ion beam deposition technique was used to grow boron nitride films on quartz, germanium, silicon, gallium arsenide, and indium phosphate. The film structure was amorphous with evidence of a hexagonal phase. The peak boron concentration was 82 at. percent. The carbon and oxygen impurities were in the 5 to 8 at. percent range. Boron-nitrogen and boron-boron bonds were revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The index of refraction varied from 1.65 to 1.67 for films deposited on III-V compound semiconductors. The coefficient of friction for boron nitride in sliding contact with diamond was less than 0.1. The substrate was silicon.


The relationship between high ground-water salinity and high bottom-hole temperature anomalies and deep-seated structures was investigated in Carter County, Oklahoma. A modified spontaneous potential method was used to compute salinity from 700 well logs at a depth of 300 ft (90 m). This depth was chosen because it was within reach of truck-mounted rigs, yet below brine-polluted ground water. The hydraulics of the shallow aquifers were also investigated to determine the origin of the anomalies. Detailed mapping of the high-salinity anomalies gave good definition of the major structures at 300 ft (90 m) as did detailed mapping of geothermal gradients at 1,200 ft (370 m) over the Healdton oil field (T4S, R3W). Other structures had poorly defined temperature anomalies. Spontaneous potential data indicate that, in general, upward cross-formational flow is not occurring; hence, the high-salinity anomalies are related to partially flushed, tectonically raised structures. In the absence of upward flow, the temperature anomalies are caused by proximity to radioactive basement rocks.


(NB-18) received 5 injections of 6-OHDA according to combination of schedules performed in NB-1 and NB-8 groups. Control rats were subcutaneously injected saline containing ascorbic acid (0.1%). Animals were kept on a standard laboratory chow and tap water. Some female rats were given 1% NaCl solution for 8 weeks from 12 weeks of age. The systolic blood pressure was measured by a tail pulse-pickup method in unanaesthetized rats. The


In this study, the effects of ausforming on the precipitating process and mechanical properties of 17-4PH stainless steel were investigated. For doing ausforming, samples were solution treated at 1050°C for an hour, and then quenched into a salt bath furnace at 400°C. Rolling at 400°C in different percents was done for achieving different mechanical works. After finishing ausforming process, samples were tempered for precipitating at 300,400,500 and 600°C for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32h. Microstructural studies were done for finding the changes on precipitating process and tensile and hardness test done to study mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscope was used to show precipitates and other phases. Also EDS method used to analyze the elements in each phases.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


An optical grid is provided for an image sensor of an improved reflective. In one embodiment, the back Cho Myeongsik devices are a pixel array region including a plurality of optical sensors as a semiconductor substrate is formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate, the optical sensor of each is to form a pixel in the pixel array region a semiconductor substrate; After the semiconductor substrate as an optical grid material disposed on the face and patterned to form an optical grid which divides the respective pixels in the pixel array region and the side walls and top and optical grid material extending over the semiconductor substrate; It is formed on the optical grid, at least comprising a reflective coating and including a high -k dielectric coatings of refractive index greater than 2.0 in the above 99% pure the pure metal of the metal coating and the pure metal coating. Method is also disclosed.


Abstract Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a common disease in adolescents. However, IM is often considered a rare disease in early childhood. We aimed to describe the classical presentation of adolescent EBV-associated IM compared to EBV infection at younger age. Methods: All immunocompetent children hospitalized at Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen between 2002 and 2013, who presented with clinical features that prompted a laboratory test for EBV, and who tested positive by presence of EBV-specific antibodies, heterophile antibodies or a positive EBV PCR were included (n = 95). Results: Children aged 1–2 years were the age group most commonly hospitalized with acute EBV infection (27% of the cohort), followed by teenagers aged 14–15 years (23%). Fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, tonsillitis and fatigue were the most common physical findings overall. Dividing the children into three age groups (0–4 years, 5–10 years and 11–15 years) revealed that the oldest age groups significantly more often suffered from headache, tonsillitis, sore throat, abdominal pain and nausea. Young children typically presented with a runny nose, fever, fatigue and cervical adenitis. Compared with children under 5, children aged 5–15 years more often showed lymphocytosis (84% vs 62%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (77% vs 33%) and lactate dehydrogenase (79% vs 44%). Conclusion: EBV infection is common in young children, and children less than 3 years of age constitute the largest group of hospitalizations for acute EBV infection. EBV-associated IM should be suspected in febrile children of all ages with tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis and elevated liver enzymes.


The volatile compounds of a Nigerian toasted sour 'acha-guguru' snack prepared Lactobacillus planetarium were identified on a GC-MS. A total of 17 volatile compounds were identified including 3 aldehydes, 6 heterocyclic compounds, 3 alcohols, an ester, 2 furans, a ketone and 1 hydrocarbon. Major volatiles included pentanol, ethylacetate, benzylalcohol, 2-ethylpyrazine, 2,3,5-trimethipyrazine, furfural and benzaldehyte. The GC-sniffing results indicated that the compounds of sour acha-guguru snack included ethylacetate, 5-methi-1-AZA-6-oxabicyclo (3-1-0) hexane, 3-methylbutanol, 2-ethylyrazine, benzaldehyde, 2-3-methlbutanol, 2-ethlpyrazone, lbenzaldehyde,2,3,-methylpyrazine, nonanal, 2,3,5-trimethylprazine and 2-acetylpyrroline.


The tetracoordinate bis-o-iminobenzosemiquinonato cobalt and iron complexes, Co(ISQ-Pri)2 (1), Co(ISQ-Me)2 (2), Fe(ISQ-Pri)2 (3), Fe(ISQ-Me)2 (4), (ISQ-Pri is 4,6-di-tert-butyl-N-(2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl)-o-iminobenzosemiquinone and ISQ-Me is 4,6-di-tert-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-o-iminobenzosemiquinone, respectively) react with nitrogen(II) oxide to form the pentacoordinate nitrosyl derivatives M(ISQ-R)2(NO) 5–8 (M = Co, R = Pri (5), R = Me (6); M = Fe, R = Pri (7), R = Me (8)). NO binding is reversible. Complexes have been characterized by IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, EPR and Mossbauer (for 7) spectroscopy. The molecular structure of cobalt nitrosyl complex 6 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The spectroscopic and X-ray structural features of the complexes are consistent with the {Co-NO}8 and {Fe-NO}7 formulations. The nitrosyl ligand in cobalt complexes 5 and 6 is coordinated in a bent fashion. In the case of iron complexes 7 and 8, neutral NO· ligand is coordinated to low-spin iron(II).


The study of undersea cables and mooring lines statics remains an unavoidable subject of simulation in offshore field for either steady-state analysis or dynamic simulation initialization. Whether the study concerns mooring systems pinned both at seabed and floating platform, cables towed by a moving underwater system or when special links such as stiffeners are needed, the ability to model every combination is a key point.
 To do so the authors propose to investigate the use of the shooting method to solve the two point boundary value problem (TPBVP) associated with Dirichlet, Robin or mixed boundary conditions representing respectively, displacement, force and force/displacement boundary conditions.
 3D nonlinear static string calculations are confronted to a semi-analytic formulation established from the catenary closed form equations. The comparisons are performed on various pairs of boundary conditions developed in five configurations.


Sediment layer can change the dynamic property of reservoir water. As a result, the dynamic response of dam body would be affected. In this paper, the sediment layer is simulated as saturated liquid-solid two-phase media, and the finite element model of gravity dam-reservoir water-sediment system is established with the gradual enlargement mesh method. Then the influence of sediment layer on seismic wave motion is studied with this model. The calculation result shows that the energy radiation of far field of foundation, reservoir water and sediment can be considered efficiently in this model, and with the thickening of sediment layer the dynamic water pressure on dam face decreases.


Forest conversion has caused carbon stock to decrease, both in vegetation/crop and in soil.  This research aimed to determine the impact of forest conversion to cocoa land use on vegetation and soil carbon stock in Nopu watershed Central Sulawesi. Results of the research showed that the forest conversion to cocoa land use has led to carbon stock decrease both in vegetation and in soil. The carbon stock has yet to fully recover in the 12 years old cacao plantation under agro-forestry system


This paper provides a Chinese universal input model which can fit almost all kinds of handheld devices. That input model consists of three layers including universal engineering interface layer, universal input stream processing layer and universal data processing layer, and the structure of that model adopts the technique of object-oriented programming. It can be supported by many kinds of OS used in handheld devices, so it is designed to be universal, transparent and expansible. It also introduces each layer of that model and the design technology of each layer, describes the collaborating relationship between all the layers.


Although hairdressing is not a dangerous profession, it is known that hairdressers are exposed to chemical combinations known as allergens, carcinogens or organic solvents. In this study, it was aimed to determine the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), which are known as some important antioxidants, and malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation and an indicator of oxidative stress, in hairdresser workers in Van. 33 female hairdresser employees working in the central districts of Van (Edremit, Tusba and Ipekyolu) were included in the scope of the study as subjects, and voluntary participants using hairdresser services were included as the control group. Venous blood was taken from those who accepted the study, examined in the laboratory, and the results were statistically analyzed. The difference between group means for MDA, CAT, SOD and GSH was statistically significant (p<0.05). As a result, it can be said that hairdressers, whose professional lives will last for many years, are in the potential risk group in the formation of diseases such as eczema, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, in which reactive oxygen derivatives also play a role, since they are constantly exposed to physical and chemical factors.


A review with 39 references is given on the study on cadmium and chemical speciation of cadmium in soil including chemical speciation of cadmium in soil,the influence of soil character to chemical speciation of cadmium,the determination method of cadmium in soil and so on.


It is proved that every measure with values in a topological semigroup, whose topology is defined by a family of semi-invariant in zero pseudometrics, is bounded (in some sence) i fit is $s$-bounded or it is $\sigma$-additive and the pseudometrics are invariant in zero, in the second casi it also proved that the range of the mesaure is conditionally compact. Moreover it is stated that the range of a $\sigma$-additive measure with values in a topological semigroup (of the last type) is compact if the measure is purely atomic and of bounded variation. Some results about the uniform boundness of a sequence of semigroup valued measures and group, are proved.\newline\newline AMS (MOS) Subject classification$\cdots$ 28B10


Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) has recently found many applications in environmental monitoring and large-scale surveillance by recruiting crowd workers for data collection and labeling. The quality of labelled data from unknown crowd workers, however, is hard to guarantee. Therefore, it is critical to design a mechanism that can automatically make correct decisions from diverse and even conflicting labels from the crowd. To tackle the challenge, we propose a new algorithm, EFusion, which infuses knowledge from domain experts by asking them to check a small number of labels from the crowd. Taking advantage of cheaper but unreliable crowd workers as well as expensive but reliable experts, EFusion can greatly improve the accuracy in discovering the ground truth of classification-based mobile crowdsensing tasks. EFusion utilizes a probabilistic graphical model and the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to infer the most likely expertise level for each crowd worker, the difficulty level of tasks, and the ground truth answers. EFusion has been evaluated using real-world case study as well as simulations. Evaluation results demonstrate that EFusion can return more accurate and stable classification results than the majority voting method and state-of-the-art methods.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to decide the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility. Material and Method: In this systematic review facts extracted by Medline, PubMed, science direct and Obs gyne online library that were queried for studies posted between 2005 to 2021 by using specific MeSH terms. We extracted data from 15 cross sectional studies that was carried out in discipline exercise regions of tertiary care health facility. Results: This study shows data from population surveys reporting on occurrence of number one and secondary infertility. Fifteen research furnished estimates of primary and secondary infertility incidence in 6400 infertile couple. Out of 6400 infertile patients 3600 (fifty six.25%) offering with primary and 2800 (43.2%) supplying with secondary infertility. Age distribution with number one infertility confirmed that the majority of the participants belong to the most fertile age institution. Age distribution of women with secondary infertility confirmed that majority belongs to the age institution of 30–39 years. The primary results of the modern researches had been the primary infertility's high rate (fifty six.25%) and excessive charge of female factors among infertile couples. Although, it has been said in other researches that female variables (40%), male variables (40%) or a combination (20%) of each could be associated to the causes of infertility. Motive of the couple's infertility turned into determined on the basis of their examination results and medical history. As compared to the secondary infertility, number one infertility occurrence was higher within the people approaching a tertiary care middle of public zone. Conclusion: From this systematic evaluate we concluded that as compared to secondary infertility, the primary infertility's superiority is higher. The marriage age is increasing which impacts reasons with male variables and unexplained infertility greater generally observed with increasing age of marriage. Female component stays a principle reason for the infertility including some unexplained reasons and means. In the population coming to a public region tertiary care center, the number one infertility's prevalence is higher as compared to the prevalence of secondary infertility.


MUCH OF THE INTERSTATE HIGHWAY SYSTEM IS THROUGH PREDOMINANTLY RURAL AREAS IN REMOTE AND SPARSELY POPULATED AREAS. A LARGE PORTION OF THE SYSTEM HAS NO AVAILABLE SERVICE FACILITIES. THESE TWO FACTORS HAVE EMPHASIZED THE NEED FOR AN EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR SAFETY AND CONVENIENCE. SUCH A SYSTEM HAS RECENTLY BEEN INSTALLED ON THE ADIRONDACK NORTHWAY /I-87/. THE NORTHWAY EMERGENCY TELEPHONE SYSTEM /NETS/ IS AN INSTALLATION OF 222 TELEPHONES ALONG 55 MILES OF I-87 CONNECTED TO THE NEAREST THREE STATE POLICE STATIONS. THE EMERGENCY TELEPHONES HAVE BEEN EXTENSIVELY USED SINCE INSTALLED ON JANUARY 7, 1966. OVER 2,800 CALLS WERE RECEIVED DURING THE FIRST SEVEN MONTHS OF OPERTION. THE PHYSICAL AND OPERATIONAL FEATURES OF THE SYSTEM ARE DESCRIBED, INCLUDING LOCATION, COST, METHOD OF SERVICING CALLERS, AND EMERGENT PROBLEMS. OVER 75 PERCENT OF THE CALLERS REQUIRED FUEL OR VEHICULAR REPAIR; LESS THAN 1 PERCENT OF ALL CALLS WERE FALSE ALARMS. THE NUMBER OF CALLS PER MILE OF FACILITY WAS FOUND TO VARY DIRECTLY WITH TRAFFIC VOLUME, AND LINEAR REGRESSION IS USED TO INDICATE THE DEGREE OF VARIATION. THE INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TRIP PURPOSE ON THE CALLING RATE REVEALED NO FINITE RELATIONSHIPS, HOWEVER, A TREND IS EVIDENT INDICATING A CALLING RATE DECREASE WITH INCREASING TRAFFIC VOLUME. SEVERAL RESEARCH CONCEPTS ARE SUGGESTED IN RELATED SUBJECT AREAS, SOME OF WHICH WILL FORM A CONTINUATION OF THE PRESENT STUDY. /AUTHOR/


Device makers want to make higher density chips as devices shrink, especially WSix polystack down is one of the key issues. However, EPD (end point detection) time delay was happened in DPS+ poly chamber which is a barrier to achieve device shrink because EPD time delay killed test pattern and next generation device. To investigate the EPD time delay, a test was done with patterned wafers. This experiment was carried out combined with OES (optical emission spectroscopy) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). OES was used to find corrected wavelength in WSix stack down gate etching. SEM was used to confirm WSix gate profile and gate oxide damage. Through the experiment, a new wavelength (252 nm) line of plasma is selected for DPS+ chamber to call correct EPD in WSix stack down gate etching for current device and next generation device.


Objective To study the relationship between activity of lactate dehydrogenases isoenzyme(LDH-X)in seminal plasma or spermatozoa and male Infertility.Methods The methods of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE),enzyme-linked staining,densitometry scanning,etc.were used to study LDH-X activity of seminal plasma and spermatozoa obtained from 60 fertile men and 124 infertile men.Semen major parameters were measured and analyzed according to WHO laboratory handbook.Results The activity of seminal plasma LDH-X in infertile group(827.3±46.8)U/L were higher than that in fertile group(616.1±22.4)U/L(P0.05).The activity of spermatozoon LDH-X in infertile group(8.45±3.62)mU/106 were lower than that in fertile group(16.1±10.6)mU/106(P0.05).The rates of seminal plasma LDH-X and total spermatozoon LDH-X of two groups had statistical different(P0.01).There was no difference in semen concentration,motility,a+b grade motility of sperm between two groups.Conclusion The test of LDH-X activity may be used as a reliable marker for testing the quality of spermatozoa and diagnosing the male sterility,which is helpful to select the ways of assisted production technology(ART).


The elicitation method is of great importance in teaching criminal law.The following steps should be adopted in the instruction of criminal law by the elicitation method:assign students to preview design proper questions-raise questions and make betailed inquiries-elicit and guide the students-summerize.


Contents: The first full-scale scholarly volume devoted to T.S. Eliot's most anthologized poem, it stresses onomastic, genetic, typological, and aesthetic approaches (including humor).


ve To investigate the intake of fluoride of residents in pastoral area of Beier Lake and its main source. Methods Two of the typical endemic fluorosis villages were selected as observation sites in Xinbaerhuyouqi County of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The amount of milk-tea drank by residents was investigated, the drinking water samples, brick-tea samples and milk-tea samples were collected from 10 families randomly selected as observation families. The contents of fluoride of 3 kinds of samples were determined by iron selective electrode method. Results The contents of fluoride in drinking water samples, brick-tea samples and milk-tea samples reached higher levels, namely, 4.12-4.37 mg/L, 780.3-800.0 mg/L and 5.80-5.88 mg/L respectively in two investigation sites. The intake of fluoride from milk-tea of adults was (8.70 ±3.91) mg/d and (9.50±3.22) mg/d respectively, of which, 75.34% and 70.07% came from drinking water, 24.66% and 29.93% came from brick-tea in two observation sites. Conclusion The two observation sites with the higher levels of fluoride intake far exceeding the related Na-tional Standards were composite endemic fluorosis area with a fluoride exposure route mainly via drinking water.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Unwinding of double-stranded DNA and branch migration of Holliday junctions by hexameric motor proteins NOAH RIBECK, Physics Department, University of California Santa Barbara, OMAR A. SALEH, Materials Department and BMSE Program, University of California Santa Barbara — Ringshaped hexameric helicases are critical components of the DNA replication machinery in eukaryotes and bacteria. It has been shown that in vitro, certain hexameric helicases such as Mcm4,6,7 from eukaryotes, and DnaB from E. coli can translocate while encircling either single-stranded DNA (while opening a DNA fork in advance of the protein) or while encircling double-stranded DNA. Further, the latter translocation mode can drive branch migration of Holliday junctions. Using magnetic tweezers, we have performed single-molecule measurements of the activity of DnaB and the Mcm complex during both fork-opening and branch migration. We will report on progress of measurements of velocity of these motors in each mode, and relate the results to theoretical models of active and passive unwinding. Noah Ribeck Physics Department, University of California Santa Barbara Date submitted: 17 Nov 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


In this study, it is analyzed that the influence of the improvement of the initial and boundary conditions in Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model on reproducing typhoon rainfall. After WRF model for typhoon MAEMI is constructed and its initial and boundary conditions are improved by various methods, the results of the typhoon rainfall simulation by each improvement method are compared. The application of the typhoon initialization technique had the greatest effect on the reproduction of the typhoon path. In the sense of the accumulated rainfall depth, the application of the typhoon initialization technique had a lot of influence on the spacial distribution. In addition, the adjustment of the relative humidity among various boundary conditions had the greatest effect on the cumulative rainfall depth, and building a WRF model including the regional data in addition to the global data significantly contributed to the reproduction of the local rainfall field. When all the improvement methods were applied, it could be said that the spatially averaged hourly rainfall pattern of the typhoon MAEMI was better reproduced.


As of 2015, there were 40 active armed conflicts in the world according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies' armed conflict database.  Within the confines of the Geneva conventions on the Law of Land Warfare and other generally accepted definitions, an armed conflict occurs only when at least one or more parties to the use of armed force is a government or state.  Challenging this restricted definition is outside the scope of this current paper inasmuch as narrow definitional argumentation is not the focus.  Instead, the above statistics are used to introduce the reader to the large number of acknowledged combat veterans in the world, sent at the behest of others. Soldiers, sailors and Marines are recruited to the cause of their government, culture or nation through an appeal to the romantic nature of the protector, the noble warrior or knight.  After recruitment, the first "Other" experience is initiation into the warrior class.  This experience is referred to by various names:  boot camp, trial, test and basic training.  Here recruits are systematically stripped over their civilian identities. Those who accept the mantle of warrior are now an "Other" to the civilian society they act on behalf of.  Among warriors there is a further bifurcation:  combat veterans and Others.  The combat veteran, as Jung alludes to in Memories, Dreams and Reflections, now has at least two distinct identities of which he or she is aware.  They are now a Janus with two faces which leads to the question addressed in this paper:  what is the phenomenological experience of returning home for the combat veteran and encountering the civilian "Other?"  What is it like to be Janus with two distinct, seemingly irreconcilable identities?  This paper proposes to explore this combat veteran's experience of coming home from two different wars in two different decades through a first person lived experience narrative.


Abstract Twenty years after governments across Latin America began implementing neoliberal reforms in earnest, concern is growing about their impact on the quality of democracy in the region. This article examines this issue in the case of Mexico by exploring how patterns of political participation, especially among the rural and urban poor, have changed since the implementation of free market reforms. It asks whether the institutional innovations associated with free market reforms make it easier or more difficult for the poor to participate in Mexico's political process. The answer is not encouraging. Despite democratic openings, the new linkages between the state and citizens established as a result of the transition to a free market development model stifle the voice of the poor not through the threat of force or coercion, but by creating obstacles and disincentives for political mobilization that affect the poor more severely than other groups.


In this study, CryⅠA(b) gene was successfully transferred into the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma har- zianum with an efficiency of 60—180 transformants per 106 spores by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated trans- formation. Putative transformants were analyzed to test the presence of CryⅠA(b) gene by Southern blot. Most trans- formants contained a single T-DNA copy. RT-PCR analysis showed that the CryⅠA(b) gene was transcribed. Antifungal activities and insecticidal activities of the transformants were examined. There was no obvious difference in antifungal activities between the transformants and their wild strains. The modified mortalities of the transformants T1 and T2 were 69.57% and 91.30%, respectively. The tranformation system mediated by A. tumefaciens proved to be a powerful tool for the filamentous fungi transformation and functional genomic study with its high transformation frequency, sim- plicity of T-DNA integration, and genetic stability of transformants.


We extend the concept of transmission capacity of a wireless network to the broadcast scenario, and consequently define the broadcast transmission capacity of a wireless network as the product of the spatial density of broadcasting nodes, the average number of neighbors of a broadcasting node, and the information rate, considering both intra-system interference and inter-system interference from multiple coexisting heterogeneous wireless networks. Under general fading of desired signal and interfering signals, upper bound on the broadcast transmission capacity is obtained in closed-form, and the exact result is expressed in nearly closed-form.


The retail chain faces new problems and challenges with the change of external market environment. This paper introduces real-time logistics into the operation of retail chain. To analyze the elements that influence the implementation of real-time logistics in retail chain, the paper constructs an ISM model and a decision-making hierarchy diagram. With the result of MICMAC analysis, the paper gives the key elements of management and intervention in the retail chain with real-time logistics.


A study was conducted to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurement of dynamics of the liquid and dissolved gas during acoustic cavitation. The study focused on obtaining information on dynamics of molecules that constituted the bubbles and the surrounding liquid. The information was acquired directly using the MRI techniques of measuring the displacement and the relaxation parameters of water along with an NMR-sensitive highly soluble gas as a function of the acoustic pressure and the water preparation procedures. The obtained data were examined using a two-site exchange model to extract estimates of the average residence time of gas molecules inside the cavitating bubbles. The cavitation onset was detected at 0.6 Atm in the tap water and at 0.7 Atm in the filtered water by the appearance of the high frequency noise detected by the hydrophone.


--------------anti-A serum, did not increase the number agglutinated. Furthermore,suspensionsof cells in serum instead of in saline prior to mixing with anti-A serum did not increase the agglutination. Serum of group 0 subjects was not more etIective in this regard than was serum from group B subjects. The cells of one group A3 subject gave much stronger reactions with two anti-H sera than did the cells of two group A, subjects and of one group A. subject. The scoring method used by Race and Callender (1946) gave the results shown in Table I.


The purpose of this study is to analyze post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), job stress, and depression of fire fighters who have high risk of being revealed to PTSD due to their work. Also, it analyzes differences between job stress and symptoms of depressions according to existence of PTSD symptoms. This study looks at 5,808 fire fighters working at Gyeonggi-Do. For data collection, this study used diagnosis results by self diagnosis program which was developed and managed by Gyeonggi-Do Fire & Disaster Headquarters. As research analysis method, this study used cross tabulation analysis and chi-square test which is a statistic method for inde-pendence test. As a result, it turned out that 3.6% of all fire fighters of Gyeonggi-Do are experiencing PTSD, job stress, and depression. Also, degree of job stress and depression of the group experiencing PTSD is turned out to be relatively higher than group that do not experience PTSD.


We employ the Kramers–Henneberger Hamiltonian for time-independent calculations of two-photon ionization of atoms with one and two electrons. As compared to the electromagnetic interaction in the length and velocity gauges, the presently employed Kramers–Henneberger gauge has an advantage of the dipole matrix elements for the free–free electron transitions being finite and well-defined quantities. This circumstance simplifies considerably the computations and allows us to obtain accurate results for the two-photon ionization of realistic atomic systems.


Knowledge of the life cycle of Hemijana variegata is important for sustainable utilization of this edible insect. The fecundity and survival of H. variegata were investigated under ambient conditions in the laboratory. Eggs were laid in clutches of between 180 and 490 eggs per clutch, and took an average of 8.45 days to hatch. Hemijana variegata has five larval instars. The first-instar larvae are unable to feed on older leaves, thus survival of the larvae requires that hatching be synchronized with leaf emergence of the host plant in the field. The duration of the pupal stage varied between 32 days and more than 119 days. This wide variation may be an adaptation to annual climatic fluctuations such as years with no rain or late rainfall. This strategy might ensure their survival in areas where droughts are often experienced. The larvae had the highest mortality rate, followed by the pupae and then the eggs, with survivorship rates of 30.12 % (larvae), 63.98 % (pupae) and 98.67 % (eggs). Pupal survivorship could be higher, as 24 % of the pupae had not emerged after two years when the experiment was terminated.


. We give a new proof of the fact that paracompact ^-spaces are preserved by perfect mappings. This proof gives more information about the image space than the preceding proofs. We construct some examples showing that the information we get is complete in a way, and an example showing that a perfect image of a a-paralindelöf and screenable p-space need not be a p-space.


The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of single-step and two-step vitrification techniques on post-thaw survivability and subsequent in vitro maturation of immature bovine oocytes. In two-step vitrification method, oocytes were first equilibrated in vitrification solution-I and then vitrification solution–II of 3.5M or 4.0M and 7.0M or 8.0M glycerol + ethylene glycol (GLY+EG) cryoprotectant respectively. In single-step vitrification technique oocytes were directly exposed to final vitrification solution (7 M or 8 M of GLY+EG) for 45, 60 and 75 sec to find out the suitable exposure time based on post-thaw survivability and subsequent development in vitro. In single step vitrification the per cent morphologically normal oocyte, cumulus cells expansion and polar body formation was found to be significantly highest in oocytes of least exposure (45 seconds) period for 8M of GLY+EG. The per cent recovery of morphologically normal oocytes was found to be higher in two steps (91.81±1.42 and 91.18±1.17) than single step vitrification technique (87.94±3.49 and 85.72±2.24 of 45 sec exposure time) for both 7M and 8M of GLY+EG. The rate of cumulus cells expansion and polar body formation was significantly higher in two-steps (81.34±2.65% and 76.54±3.60% and 56.93±1.52% and 51.76±2.87%) than single step vitrification technique (57.33±3.90% and 56.91±4.66% and 33.17±5.34% and 32.70±2.91%). From the study it was concluded that two-step vitrification technique was more effective on post-thaw survivability and subsequent in vitro maturation of immature bovine oocytes.


This research was conducted in Green House at Agriculture Faculty of Andalas University from September 2000 to Maret 2001.  The objective of the research was to study of  the ash of oil palm stem as K source and to determine optimum level to corn production on peat soils.  The experiment was designed on Complete Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 3 replications.  The treatments consisted of without oil palm ash, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 kg/ha and 100, 200 kg KCl/ha.  The result showed that application of the ash of oil palm can increase  pH and K  soil content.  The highest pH and K soil content was obtained with 1000 kg ash/ha namely 5,56 and 5,28 me/100 g. Application 400kg ash/ha can substitute 200 kg KCl/ha.  The highest corn yield was obtained with application  800kg ash/ha but not significantly with application 400 and 600 kg/ha Key words:  ash, K resource, corn production


To test the same quality, but use different tests to compare, the first thing is equivalent. Many selections and exams are considering test inequality, so equal tests before comparison. In domestic, the research of test equating is seldom, and in these few studies only few models had been studied — Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. Among these test equating models include Rasch Model, this article will illustrate test equivalent and functions of different models in detail.


Technological process of manufacturing of the polutorovy bottoms by methods of anextract and reversive extract of aluminum alloy AMg6 is given.


The study aimed to present suggestions for how a design thinking (DT) approach can be applied in the processes of teaching programming to gifted students and to reveal its effects on the teaching process. The case study method was used. 5 different DT tasks were defined to create solutions for an unstructured problem by using programming tools and DT processes. DT activities were applied to 25 gifted students (13 girls, 12 boys) at the Science and Art Center (BILSEM) in the city center through the summer term. Data were collected through interviews, observation forms, and the DT Rubric which was developed by the researchers. The findings showed that gifted students improved their DT skills to a certain level, learned the academic content, enjoyed the process itself, and experienced some problems working in teams. At the end of the teaching process, the students emphasized that a good designer should be a respectful person who can work well within a team. Additionally, according to the students' views, different programming tools and environments namely Scratch, Arduino IDE and Lego Mindstorms EV3 can be used in the prototyping phase of the DT processes. Updating DT tasks to include DT mindsets and taking into account the leadership qualities of gifted students during the implementation process may be suggested.


The impact of purposeful activity on quality of life for the residents of a long-term care facility was studied through the examination of the Elders Drum Project. This project is a model occupational therapy program that uses drumming and related activities to achieve therapeutic goals for its' participants. Semi-structured interviews and observations were used to collect data from five program participants. The transcribed interviews and field notes were qualitatively analyzed according to emerging themes. Results indicated that the Elders Drum Project positively impacted each participant's quality of life as reflected in self-concept, health status, life satisfaction, and altruism. Participants' strengths were also enhanced through self-directed engagement in purposeful activity; thereby, contributing to quality of life.


Singur in West Bengal's Hooghly district became a household name across India when in May 2006 the state's Left Front government (LFG) announced that it would be the future location for the Tata small-car project. Here Tata Motors planned to produce the Tata Nano, the world's cheapest car, priced at only one lakh rupees. First, though, approximately 1,000 acres of agricultural land had to be acquired in Singur under the Land Acquisition Act of 1894.


Hysteria usually refers to a neuropsychosis caused by excessive mental stimulation or adverse suggestion. In majority of the patients, it breaks out suddenly, manifested as transient amentia or sensory and kinetic disturbance but without organic pathologic change. The clinical symptoms may occur or disappear or are changed under suggestion. This disease is often seen in young people especially in women.


The European Union has been recognised as an international system whose decisions and actions are conditioned by environmental determinants, which is a dynamic process of change. The article attempts to explain the EU's decisions based on the conclusions of the European Council in 2010–2022. 93 documents containing the conclusions of the European Council adopted during that period were analysed. It was found that the determinants of EU decisions and actions function – firstly – at the international system level and, secondly, at the level of the domestic systems of the Member States. In addition, the article: 1) reconstructed the discussion in the science of international relations on behavioural determinants, 2) reconstructed the perception of determinants in the conclusions of the European Council; 3) a model for organising the analysis of the determinants of the decisions of the European Council was proposed.


Central Nervous System complications are the most dreaded complications in patients of HIV. CNS aspergillosis in HIV is a rare complication. The primary risk-factors for invasive aspergillosis are profound neutropenia and glucocorticoid use; risk increases with longer duration of these conditions. In our case report, the HIV patient was treated with Anti Tubercular Treatment and steroids for CNS tuberculosis previously. Use of steroids might have predisposed him for aspergillosis. Physicians should be aware that the CNS might be the only site of Aspergillus involvement and should include CNS aspergillosis in the differential diagnosis of HIV-infected patients presenting with focal neurologic signs and symptoms, especially, when the head Computed Tomography reveals hypodense lesions.


We present a routing suite for Mobile Ad hoc networks which uses the mechanisms of swarm intelligence to select good routes to destinations. Our suite, Ad hoc Networking with Swarm Intelligence (ANSI) has both proactive and reactive capabilities. In addition, ANSI has been designed with both deterministic routing capabilities, always choosing the best next hop from a selection of possible next hops, and stochastic routing capabilities, taking each possible next hop probabilistically. This paper describes a preliminary design and implementation in which the configurations and routing class in the nodes are not autonomously chosen by the nodes, but are chosen offline. Our simulation study of two reactive configurations of ANSI, a purely deterministic, reactive version and a purely stochastic, reactive version shows that ANSI compares well with AODV and shows better degradation characteristics and better packet delivery with lower network overheads when the traffic load and congestion increase in the network. We see that ANSI also has a better "view" of the network in the sense that routes do not break as often as in AODV, and even though ANSI has a more aggresive route discovery scheme, it shows lower MAC layer overheads as compared to AODV, owing to better managed network resources.


Background Laboratory abnormalities associated with disease severity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in many observational studies. However, there are signi�cant heterogeneities in patient characteristics and research methodologies in these studies. Objectives We aimed to provide an updated synthesis of the association between laboratory abnormalities and COVID-19 prognosis. Methods We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Willey, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for studies reporting hematological, coagulation, in�ammatory, and immunological results during hospital admission of COVID-19 patients with different severities and outcomes. Results A total of 64 studies were included in the current meta-analysis, with 8 hematological, 3 coagulation, 5 in�ammatory, and 23 immunological variables reported. Of them, white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts (Neu), D-dimer level, procalcitonin (PCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), ferretin, serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukins (ILs)–2R, IL-6, and IL-10 were signi�cantly increased in severely ill patients and non-survivors. Meanwhile, non-severely ill patients and survivors presented signi�cantly higher counts of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. A majority of included variables presented with signi�cant heterogeneity, some of which resulted from differing disease severities and ages of included patients.


Epidemiological studies have shown a close association between osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but reliable evidence needs to be provided. We performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the potential causal effect between OA and CVD.Exposures were self‐reported OA, knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and hip osteoarthritis (HOA). The outcomes were 12 CVDs, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, pulmonary embolism, stroke and its subtypes, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, and primary hypertension. All outcomes were obtained from published genome‐wide association studies. The inverse‐variance weighted method was used as the primary MR analysis. Heterogeneity tests and sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the accuracy of the MR results.Self‐reported OA increased the incidence of small vessel stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.52, p = 0.03) and primary hypertension (1.01 [1.00–1.02], p < 0.01). HOA increased the incidence of stroke (1.06 [1.01–1.11], p = 0.02) and two subtypes (cardioembolic stroke: 1.12 [1.02–1.23], p = 0.02; ischemic stroke: 1.06 [1.01–1.11], p = 0.03). Patients with KOA had an increased risk of heart failure (1.10 [1.04–1.16], p < 0.01), atrial fibrillation (1.08 [1.02–1.13], p < 0.01), small vessel stroke (1.21 [1.06–1.39], p = 0.01), and primary hypertension (1.01 [1.01–1.02], p < 0.01).Patients with OA have an increased risk of several CVDs. The causality of this relationship may have clinical implications for improving the quality of prevention and treatment.


The paper proposes scaling effect of number of fingers (N) and effective gate width (weff) on model parameters and subsequently investigate the effect on RF performance characteristics of GaN High electron mobility transistor(HEMT). The device scaling relations in terms of model parameters and RF performance metrics are proposed for two multi-finger HEMTs of $2\times200 \mu m$ and $4\times00 \mu m$ respectively. The unity gain current frequency $(f_{t})$ is found to be approximately constant with very negligible increase while maximum unilateral gain frequency $(f_{max})$ increases with increase in number of fingers (N) provided that effective gate width (weff) remain constant. The whole investigation is based on accuracy of the parameter extraction procedure and small signal model developed using pinch-off and de-embedding structures. However, the effective width of both the HEMTs is equal.


Despite the general availability in the last two decades of both the spectrum analyzer and prominent pedagogical theories concerning the conscious tun ing of vowel formants to enhance the singing voice, there has been little reported use of spectrum analysis to track formant frequencies in singing. An important exception is Sundberg's ( 1973) work on the soprano voice. The rea sons for this neglect are considered: in the singing range where information on formant tuning would be most helpful, the wide spacing of the harmonics renders the formants difficult to locate by spectrum analysis. Methods are described for obtaining continuous spectrograms with the vocal tract in the varied articulations of singing by using sweep tones and non-harmonic voice sources, and thus locating quickly and accurately the frequencies of the first five formants. Spectrum Analysis and Singing


Objective To study the clinical characteristics with constipation as hypokalemia symptom appeared in treatment of glaucoma.Methods Retrospective analyzed the clinical data of 30 cases of hypokalemia with constipation as the first symptom.Results The attacks had varying degrees of constipation,had decreased serum potassium.In treatment of glaucoma with constipation as the first symptom of hypokalemia occurred in elderly patients with diabetes and hypertension,and multiple reasons.Conclusions Reasonable potassium treatment can rapidly improve the symptoms,at the same time,search the pathogeny actively,treatment for primary diseases.Timely diagnosis and timely treatment is the key to control of hypokalemia.

Key words:
Glaucoma;  Constipation;  Kaliopenia


I have read the article entitled "Is cardiac resynchronisation therapy feasible, safe and beneficial in the very elderly?" by Olechowski, et al.[1] with great interest, recently published in Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. The investigators reported that implantation of cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is feasible and safe in very elderly despite extensive co-morbidity.[1]


This text passes to the "rise" in artistic conception" became function in the process proceed study,try hard for with accuracy, history ground confidence" artistic conception" formation process a big poem for containing leams the content."Rise"is in develop process a scene for having hands over the idea,image thought that melt,not exhausted of characteristic and Buddhism's teach the "state"of inside how to get involved,end cause the formal formation of the "artistic conception" .


The present invention relates to a polyketone resin composition characterized in that it is produced by the polyketone copolymer comprising repeating units represented by the following general formula (1) and (2), wear resistance and impact gear have excellent sex, container for microwave oven, cam, electric welding helmet gear, plastic plate, yarn guide, bed cleaner cam, office for parts, automotive window drum, sun visor retainer, door frame inner cover for motor vehicles , automotive seat belt jointers automotive automatic gear slide latch housing of the motor vehicle door, automobile slide guide, automotive HVAC equipment (HAVC) switch of the shaft, the automobile actuator gear, clip the trim attaching automobile, automobile cup holder, roof rack for automobiles, a for motor vehicles Door side door handle, air intake garnish automotive, medical transport tray, medical pipette, refrigerator door closers, portable polishing arm can be used, such as the ATM gear. (X, y of the general formula in the polymer (1) and (2) a respective molar%, y / x is 0.03 to 0.3) .FIELD 1


This report presents an overview of the 1981 Sequence Coding and Search System (SCSS) data base that contains nuclear power plant operational data derived from Licensee Event Reports (LERs) submitted to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Both overall event reporting and events related to specific components, subsystems, systems, and personnel are discussed. At all of these levels of information, software is used to generate count data for contingency tables. Contingency table analysis is the main tool for the trend and pattern analysis. The tables primarily focus on faults associated with various components and other items of interest across different plants. The abstracts and other SCSS information on the LERs accounting for unusual counts in the tables were examined to gain insights from the events.


Renormalization groups used in diverse fields of theoretical physics are considered. The discussion is based upon functional formulation of group transformations. This attitude enables development of a general method by using the notion of functional self-similarity which generalizes the usual self-similarity connected with power similarity laws. From this point of view we present a simple derivation of the renorm-group (RG) in QFT "liberated" from ultra-violet divergences philosophy, discuss the RG approach in other fields of physics and compare "different" RG's.


It is an important work to choose teaching contents for basic inorganic chemistry course in universities due to limited teaching hours and content complexity of the course. The authors propose four principles for the choice, namely scientificity, systematicness, importance and novelty. The teaching methodology also plays an important role for the course effect. We think that we should not only impart chemical knowledge and theories to the students to let them achieve the preliminary image of chemical world, but also guide students to understand the methodology of logical thinking, so that to enhance their ability of continuous learning. Our teaching practice activities are also briefly introduced.


The flow characteristics of liquid was investigated in an air-lift bubble column with an external recirculation of liquid. The Peclet number was correlated in terms of the defined mixing and circulation times. The Peclet number increased with increasing the ratio of mixing time to circulation time and of liquid height to column height. The relationship could be expressed by the following correlation:


Introduction: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) causes lesions in the orolabial and anogenital region that last for a lifetime. Data show that about 491.5 million people live with HSV-2. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of HSV-2 infection in a population of transgender women in Goiânia-GO and cities in the interior of the state. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that estimates the prevalence of HSV-2 in transgender women residing or in transit in the metropolitan region of Goiânia and cities in the interior of the state. The Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) method was used for recruitment (sample size), the prevalence of HSV-2 was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The database was analyzed to generate an adjusted prevalence of the characteristics of the study population. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Goiás. Results: The prevalence was 8.2% (95% CI 5.0-12.2) for anti-HSV-2 IgM and 70.0% (95% CI 63.0-77.3) for anti-HSV-2 IgG; the bivariate analysis showed an association between positivity by IgG HSV-2 and age >30 years (p<0.0001), exchange of sex for money/drugs or consumer goods (p=0.002), more than 20 sexual partnerships in the past 7 days (p=0.001), and insertive anal sex (p=0.011); in the multivariate analysis, age ≥30 years (p=0.001) and more than 20 sexual partnerships in the past 7 days (p=0.008) were shown statistically related to HSV-2 infection. Conclusion: The data showed a high seroprevalence of HSV-2 among transgender women in the state of Goiás, indicating the need to develop public policies aimed at sexual education and improve this population's health conditions.


Falk's study is elegantly written, meticulous in its formal aspects, and offers fresh perspectives on above all Gurnah, but also on Vera and Dabydeen. Its deployment of theory (of a postcolonial/poststructuralist inclination) is precise and appropriate, at times innovative. What I find lacking is a more thorough motivation for this particular combination of writers. Falk is careful to situate each writer in his or her respective context, but nowhere does he offer a sustained reflection on the conditions of possibility for his own critical practice. A metacritical perspective on traveling theory and literature in circulation as the enabling condition of "postcolonial studies" in Northern Europe would have added further to his work.


Soil moisture is an important influencing factors in agricultural production.Trying to get the soil moisture information and make artificial intervention and adjustment measures is important guarantee for keeping stable production.So,it is very important to monitor soil moisture content real-timly and efficiently.There are many methods for inversion soil moisture by remote sensing data,but microwave remote sensing is considered to be the best way nowadays.Main model,method,scope of application and advantages and disadvantages of passive and active microwave remote sensing for soil moisture were summarized.Optimal parameters selection of remote sensing monitoring soil moisture using radar was analyzed.The application prospect of the remote sensing monitoring soil moisture using microwave was done to provide reference for research of the remote sensing monitoring soil moisture using microwave.


Abstract In the ten-year period preceding the outbreak of hostilities with Japan, imports of natural latex into the United States assumed a sharply rising trend. (Figure 1 shows that the 1940 figure is somewhat high owing to the inception of stockpiling.) Roughly 80 per cent of this latex was shipped in as a concentrate of 60–65 per cent solids, since this eliminated shipping excess water originally present in the latex, and constituted a material suitable for various applications in which the normal latex could not be used. Although small quantities of special-purpose synthetic latices had been produced domestically before 1941, it was not until 1944 that substantial production of a general-purpose synthetic latex got under way (Figure 1). With this production, there arose the problem of producing a concentrate for use in applications where a high-solids latex is essential. Natural rubber latex can be concentrated readily, either by centrifuge or a creaming process, since it has a large particle size. Sy...


This research aims to 1). test and determine trading day having return which highest and lowest, 2). test the effect of trading days on stock return, and 3). determine trading day having highest and lowest volatility by using three models: OLS, GARCH ( 1,1), and GARCH-M ( 1,1). By using the daily price data of stocks listed at LQ45 index, the study obtains results that 1). There is no return which is lowest at bourse trading days, while return which is highest happened at Friday, 2). Trading days have effect to return stock, and 3). Five trading days in Indonesia Stock Exchange have the same volatility.


Due to the lack of natural delimiters, most Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER) approaches are character-based and utilize an external lexicon to leverage the word-level information. Although they have achieved promising results, the latent words they introduced are still non-contextualized. In this paper, we investigate three relations, i.e., adjacent relation between characters, character co-occurrence relation between latent words, and dependency relation among tokens, to address this issue. Specifically, we first establish the local context for latent words and then propose a masked self-attention mechanism to incorporate such local contextual information. Besides, since introducing external knowledge such as lexicon and dependency relation inevitably brings in some noises, we propose a gated information controller to handle this problem. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed approach surpasses most similar methods on public datasets and demonstrates its promising potential.


A wearable robotic device for the rehabilitation training of a limb with moisture and pressure management functions. Such wearable robotic device comprises a motor rotation system and a bracing system, wherein the motor rotation system comprises a motor and a motor control system; and the bracing system comprises a framework of structural members that is attachable to and detachable from the limb, one or more textile bracing cushions and one or more fastening belts attached to each of the textile bracing cushions such that the fastening belts and the textile bracing cushions in combination are capable of attaching the wearable robotic device onto the limb.


A series of titanium complexes bearing ansa-(fluorenyl)(amido) ligands with cyclohexylamido, isopropylamido, and isobutylamido groups were synthesized and their catalytic behaviors for the copolymerization of ethylene with isobutylene were compared with those with cyclododecylamido and tert-butylamido groups. The effects of cocatalyst on the ethylene-isobutylene copolymerization by a titanium complex having ansa-(fluorenyl)(cyclododecylamido) ligand were examined. The catalytic activity of the titanium complex for ethylene-limonene copolymerization was also further investigated.


Neogene stress field in Hokkaido has been analyzed, based on the strikes of ore veins. The ore veins formed during the period from late Middle Miocene to Recent are taken into account. Those of E-W and ENE-WSW directions are predominant in both northeast and southwest Hokkaido. The major veins of thirteen representative mines are formed in the conjugate shear fractures, that is, E-W or ENE-WSW dextral and NW-SE sinistral. The estimated stress field is NW-SE or WNW-ESE compressional and parallel to the direction of the subducting Pacific Plate, even at ore-forming period. The predominance of E-W and ENE-WSW dextral shears might be related to the oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate.


The study was conducted across three locations and three years to find out the correlation and path coefficients between seed yield and plant height, number of main branches, first pod height, pod number per plant, seed number per plant and 100 kernel weights of four chickpea cultivars. Seed yield positively and significantly correlated with all characters except 100 kernel weight. Positive direct effects of plant height and pod number per plant with significant correlation with seed yield suggested that these yield components may be a good selection criteria to improve chickpea cultivars.


Magic squares have long provided a fruitful source of classroom examples and stimulating exercises in recreational mathematics. Attention is often devoted to the so-called normal magic squares of a given order n in which the entries are the integers from 1 to n2 . In these the size must be at least 4 for examples to be sufficiently plentiful: there is essentially only one normal magic square of order 3 (apart from rotations and reflections), while there are 880 of order 4 and several millions of order 5. However, if we drop the requirement of normality, the 3 × 3 square becomes a surprisingly rich subject for investigation, which can challenge pupils at all levels. In this note we discuss the following problems: (1) find a formula to generate all 3 × 3 magic squares with a given magic number m (the sum of entries in any row, column or diagonal), with no restriction on the entries—they can be any real numbers; (2) find conditions under which the square has all entries positive integers; (3) determine how many essentially distinct positive integer squares there are for a given m.


The elastic and inelastic scattering of intermediate energy (less than or equal to 1 GeV) protons by nuclei is considered first. The discussion focuses on the determination of the proton-nucleus optical potential in terms of the elementary nucleon-nucleon scattering amplitudes and the properties of the target and residual nucleus. The result is a series of terms for the optical potential. Then the interaction of pions with nuclei for energies in the neighborhood of the ..delta..-resonance is discussed. In this energy domain an incident pion will with high probability be absorbed by a nucleon to produce the ..delta..-resonance and thus form a ..delta..-particle hole state in the nucleus. Next, the subject of hypernuclei is taken up. The ..lambda.. hypernuclei and a recently observed ..sigma.. hypernuclei comprise situations in which the core nucleus can be probed by a baryon of roughly the same mass as a nucleon, with similar albeit not identical interactions with nucleons. But the ..lambda.. (or ..sigma..) does not need to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle with respect to the nucleons, and therefore can be in orbits forbidden to it if it were a nucleon. As the energy of the projectile increases, it becomes correspondingly more important to takemore » relativistic effects into account. The importance of these effects is strikingly revealed by experiments involving the collision of ultrarelativistic hadrons, protons, pions, kaons (up to Fermilab energies) with nuclei. This phenomenon forms part of the final topic, which includes as well as the collision of relativistic heavy ion projectiles with nuclei. A nuclear Weiszaecker-Williams method developed for dealing with peripheral collisions is described. 32 figures, 10 tables. (RWR)« less


A novel design methodology is proposed for ultrafast time-division demultiplexers for TDM-based fibre-optic communication systems. The circuit does not have any feedback. Therefore, the maximum speed is not limited by the loopback delay caused by the feedback. The circuit consists of three stages-the retiming stage, the AND processing stage, and the reshaping stage. The stages respectively employ optically controlled phase shifters, a two-conductor coupled line and a traveling-wave FET. The characteristics of each circuitry are investigated by HSPICE or finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. We report the results of the experimental investigations on the AND stage through the ultrafast measurement using electro-optic sampling techniques with an optical pulse pattern generator. The results suggest the potential to yield AND processing of at least 80-Gbit/s.


Twenty seven years after the publication of the widely-acclaimed work "the socio-economic determinants of food consumption and production in rural Sierra Leone", the agricultural household model used by John Strauss re-mains a powerful tool for the analysis of household behaviour in low-income agricultural economies. This current paper uses data from a household budget survey and the framework provided by the agricultural household model to investigate the determinants of household food insecurity in Tur-kana County of Kenya. It establishes that environmental factors, geography and household characteristics, specifically demography, play a significant role in explaining food insecurity among the people of this community. A complementary study is required to deconstruct further the role of produc-tion-related characteristics such as land size and land quality, input prices and mechanization since the data used could not establish any clear associa-tion with per capita calorie intake in Turkana.
Relevance to Development Studies
Food security has been a major development challenge to countries within the horn of Africa for a very long time. Lack of accurate and reliable information about the food insecure populations has been identified as one of the reasons why policy and interventions have not been very successful in this region. It is my conviction that this study will provide insight and the necessary information towards the solution and development of the Turkana Community.


The depth of purple color of the purple shoots of different tea varieties is different.The establishment of a classifying standard of purple tea stoots would provide an useful reference for the further research.The method of combination of eye-sightings,color measuring by equipment and the content analysis of anthocyanidin was used for the first time to study the standard used to classify the degrees of purple tea shoots.The results showed that the depth of purple of tea shoot was closely related with the measurements of color a,b and L and the contents of anthocyanin of the shoots.According to the range of measurements of color a,b and L and the content level of anthocyanin of the shoots,all purple tea shoots were classified to 5 degrees,i.e.green shoot,light purple shoot,medium purple shoot,deep purple shoot and extreme purple shoot and an initial purple shoots grading standard was established.This standard might be a useful reference for the further study and the utilization of purple tea shoots.


Radio frequency (RF) beamforming algorithms are impractical to achieve digital beamforming (DBF) directly by digital signal processing (DSP) techniques in real time.For phase shift keying (PSK) modulation techniques,this paper considers that RF beamforming algorithms can be implemented equivalently in baseband.For quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation technique,a baseband DBF algorithm of smart antenna fixed beams is presented.Compared with RF beamforming algorithms,the presented algorithm can achieve the same radiated patterns,but it requires quite low computational cost.The baseband DBF algorithm can make smart antennas be realized easily,and flexibly,perform better,and play an important role in practical applications.


The fog computing has been widely integrated in the IoT-based systems allowing the fog nodes to offload and process tasks requested from IoT-enabled devices in a distributed manner instead of the centralized cloud servers to improve the systematic performance (i.e., reduced response delay, energy saving). However, designing the efficient offloading algorithms to achieve such the benefits is still challenging, mainly due to the complexity of fog computing environment and complicated requirements of computational tasks. Apart from many optimization, game theory, and heuristics based solutions, reinforcement learning (RL) is recently applied to provide intelligent offloading policies that can release the challenges efficiently. This paper presents an overview of RL applications to solve the computation offloading related problems in the fog computing environment. The open issues and challenges are explored and discussed for further study.


The Industry's Equity analysis demonstrates that it is connected to the specific IT industry. A detailed review of these values clarifies matters and aids in making decisions on the purchase of stocks. Investments include both risk and return. Return and risk directly affect everything an investor does. In both developed and emerging nations, the IT sector is regarded as having the fastest rate of growth. The inspiration for investing comes from the return, which inspires investors to make the investment. This study compares the risk and return analysis of selected equities from the IT industries. This research involves educating investors about stocks and encouraging them to choose a specific IT business to invest in.


According to the demand of the Electromechanical equipment spare parts which has the characteristics of nonlinear and stochastic volatility; the proposed model was conducted to improve the prediction accuracy of the model, based on the BP neural network prediction model and the Markov Chain. By studying the training sample, the BP neural network realizes the rolling forecasts of time sequence for the demand of spare parts. At the same time the relative error between measured and predicted is got. Then Markov Chain is used to analysis the relative error correction. The model effectively improves the precision of predicted results. It is applied in actual forecasting. The results show that the proposed model is superior to the BP neural network prediction model, which provides a new way to predict spare parts demand of electromechanical equipment with the characteristics of high precision, reliability and scientific nature.


Many freshwater fish farming activities are carried out to meet the increasing demand for fish consumption. One commodity with high market demand is African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The success of cultivation activities is the maintenance of broodstock is very influential on the eggs production. It is necessary to pay attention to the nutrients in the feed during cultivation. This study aims to determine the effect of adding soybean oil to feed on hatching eggs carried out at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) of Freshwater Aquaculture, Denpasar City. African catfish (C. gariepinus) were fed twice a day with feed mixed with soybean oil with three treatments namely 0%, 3% and 5% for five months. The fecundity and hatchability of eggs were calculated using a 10x10cm transect and analyzed using ANOVA analysis. Water quality observations were carried out once a week and ammonia at the end of each month. The results of this study obtained that fecundity values ranged from 214-546 grains/transect and egg hatchability values ranged from 0-62,62%. The results of observations of water quality showed a value that could still be tolerated by African catfish during the study. These results indicate that adding of 3% soybean oil to the broodstock feed of African catfish helps to increase the quality and quantity of hatching eggs.


Ying Yang 1,2,3, Tietao Zhang 1,2,3, Min Rong 1,2,3, JiaPing Xu 1,2,3 and Xiumei Xing 1,2,3* 1Institution of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 4899, Juye Street, Jingyue Economic Development Zone, Changchun, Jilin, China 2State Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Molecular Biology, Changchun, Jilin, China 3Key Laboratory of Special Economic Animal Genetic Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Changchun, Jilin, China Article Information Received 05 June 2019 Revised 29 July 2019 Accepted 11 September 2019 Available online 07 October 2020


There is currently considerable interest in the interplay between personal and social information in decision-making processes. Two experiments are presented exploring the relative use of prior personal information and subsequent social information in foraging decisions of guppies. Experiment 1 tested the assumption that when the use of information acquired through personal experience is not costly, conflicting social information will be ignored. The assumption was confirmed because, when given a choice between feeding at two food patches, at one of which they had previously seen conspecifics feed, individual fish with prior experience of feeding at the alternative site chose the alternative, whereas fish with no prior experience chose the site at which their conspecifics had fed. Experiment 2 tested theoretical predictions that when the use of information acquired through personal experience is potentially costly, conflicting social information will be weighed more heavily than will personal information. The prediction was confirmed because, when given a choice between feeding at two food patches, one at which they had previously seen conspecifics feed and one behind a visual barrier, individual fish with prior experience of feeding behind the barrier chose the site at which their conspecifics had fed. These findings suggest that conformity can promote social learning in naive individuals, but prior experience can insulate individuals from conformity provided the costs of relying on that experience are small. In addition, the experiments highlight the fact that personal and social information are not always weighed equally. Copyright 2004.


Multipath streaming is used by resource intensive applications to stream their data over multiple, disjoint paths, thereby cumulating the resources of the different subpaths. The trend towards application-layer implementations of communication protocols allows the deployment of a multipath streaming protocol in the current Internet. However, because resource availability fluctuates in the Internet, a multipath streaming protocol must be combined with other mechanisms to address these fluctuations, e.g., adaptation. This paper describes two approaches to combine adaptation and multipath streaming. The first approach separates the two mechanisms and thereby allows a multipath streaming that is transparent to the application, whereas the other combines the two mechanisms in the application context. This paper compares the two approaches along various parameters. It shows that the first approach is easier to deploy from an engineering point of view, but the separation of multipath streaming and adaptation yields significant drawbacks. Especially, synchronization problems due to different latencies along the paths that form the multipath setup may lead to a significant drop in the quality of data.


ABSTRACT Speaking is susceptible to distraction, illustrated by slowed picture naming in the presence of taboo distractor words. However, other distractors such as phonologically related words speed picture naming. Two experiments explored the simultaneous influences of these competing factors. Participants named target pictures superimposed with taboo, negative, positive, or neutral distractor words, and filler pictures were presented after every target to investigate emotional carryover effects. Distractors were phonologically related or unrelated to the target (Experiment 1) or filler (Experiment 2). Results showed that taboo, and to a lesser extent negative, distractors slowed picture naming relative to neutral and positive distractors, and slowing from taboo distractors persisted into the filler trial. In contrast, phonological overlap between targets and distractors sped target but not filler picture naming, especially when distractors were taboo. These findings suggest that strong emotional words engage attention to influence phonological encoding during speech production, and interfering effects from taboo words are particularly long lasting. Results are interpreted within existing language production theories, using mechanisms that are sensitive to words' emotional properties and that regulate distractor interference during speech production.


The harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) is a unique rodent that lives in grass communities and constructs spherical breeding nests from grass or sedge leaves. In Japan, the harvest mouse frequently inhabits communities of tall grasses. These grasses are very tall (>2 m), and the harvest mouse constructs spherical breeding nests as high as approximately 1 m from the ground (Kuroe et al. 2007; Hata 2011), which is much higher than the nests of European harvest mouse which constructs nests at 15–65 cm above the ground (Dickman 1986). Since the harvest mouse is very small (less than 10 g), it should require nutritious food sources (Kleiber 1961; Fancy and White 1985). Animal materials are generally rich in protein while plant leaves contain large quantities of cellulose and little protein and are less digestible for mammals (Robbins 1983). Fruits contain less fiber than leaves, and are therefore more nutritious, but contain less protein than animal materials (Robbins 1983). These facts at least partially explain why small mammals that require more energy per unit body weight than larger mammals are more likely to be insectivorous or granivorous (Pearson 1948). The tall grass communities provide few nutritious plant foods except for some herbaceous plant seeds or insects. Confirmation that the harvest mouse feeds on fruits/seeds and insects would contribute to a more general subject how small mammals that require more energy per unit weight than larger mammals select nutritious foods in food-poor habitats. Surprisingly, however, few studies have been done on the food habits of the harvest mouse. To our knowledge, only Dickman (1986) reported on the omnivorous food habits of the harvest mouse in England, but no information is available in Japan, though Ishiwaka and Masuda (2008) reported evidence that the harvest mouse controls the armyworm (Mythimna separata, Lepidoptera), which suggests that the harvest mouse feeds on insects. Therefore, we analyzed the food habits of Japanese harvest mice living in the tall grass community using fecal analyses. The objective is to quantitatively show the food habits of the harvest mouse with reference to frugivory and insectivory. The term frugivory (fruit feeding) is distinguished from granivory (seed feeding), but in the present study "frugivory" includes both frugivory and granivory because distinguishing fruit and seeds were difficult in many cases.


In order to eliminate the voltage spike of the current-fed half-bridge DC/DC converter during the switchturn -off,the circuit structure and the control mode are improved respectively.The operational principle,theoretical analysis,and the small signal model of the topology are presented and compared with traditional circuit.The Experimental results show correctness of the circuit analysis and the feasibility of the design.


Affect the action of the kinase, or, 6-amino isoquinoline compounds to inhibit or decrease the activity of the kinase is provided. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of 6-amino isoquinoline compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are also provided. Moreover, cancer, various methods of using the compounds to affect the condition or disease, such as obesity and glaucoma and / or compositions are also provided.


We examined the expression of the H4 T cell activation marker in thymic T cell subpopulations and found that TCR- ab 1 CD4 1 thymic T cells are segregated into three subpopulations based upon H4 levels. Thymic T cells with either no or low H4 expression differentiate via the mainstream differentiation pathway in the thymus. H4 int thymic T cells, which express a skewed V b repertoire of V b 2, -7, and -8 in their TCRs, show the phenotype of NKT cells: CD44 high , Ly6C high , NK1.1 1 , and TCR- ab low . H4 high thymic T cells also show a skewed V b repertoire, V b 2, -7, and -8, and predominantly express an invariant V a 14-J a 281 1 a -chain in their TCRs but constitute a distinct population in that they are CD44 int , Ly6C 2 , NK1.1 2 , and TCR- ab high . Thus, invariant V a 14 1 thymic T cells consist of ordinary NKT cells and a new type of T cell population. V b 7 1 and V b 8.1 1 invariant V a 14 1 thymic T cells are present in DBA/2 mice, which carry mammary tumor virus-7-encoded superantigens, in comparable levels to those in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, V b 7 1 invariant V a 14 1 thymic T cells in DBA/2 mice are in the immunologically responsive state, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis -derived mitogen-induced V b 7 1 invariant V a 14 1 thymic T cell blasts from DBA/2 and BALB/c mice exhibited equally enhanced responses upon restimulation with Y. pseudotuberculosis -derived


This paper addresses the problem of correcting visual registration errors in video-based augmented-reality systems. Accurate visual registration between real and computer-generated objects in combined images is critically important for conveying the perception that both types of object occupy the same 3-dimensional (3D) space. To date, augmented-reality systems have concentrated on simply improving 3D coordinate system registration in order to improve apparent (image) registration error. This paper introduces the idea of dynamically measuring registration error in combined images (2D error) and using that information to correct 3D coordinate system registration error which in turn improves registration in the combined images. Registration can be made exact in every combined image if a small video delay can be tolerated. Our experimental augmented-reality system achieves improved image registration, stability, and error tolerance from tracking system drift and jitter over current augmented-reality systems. No additional tracking hardware or other devices are needed on the user's head-mounted display. Computer-generated objects can be "nailed" to real-world reference points in every image the user sees with an easily-implemented algorithm. Dynamic error correction as demonstrated here will likely be a key component of future augmented-reality systems.


After being passed many times from hand to hand over decades, various ideas tend to deviate from the scientific truth. Phase and group delay, and the corresponding velocities, are notorious examples. Twisting their meaning has led to some controversies. Hence, revisiting their definitions and better founding in undergraduate courses seem to be necessary.


An integrated passive silicon photonics platform for two-dimensional (2D) beam steering using laser wavelength tuning only is systematically investigated. Furthermore, 3× sweeping resolution improvement in azimuthal angle direction is achieved over previous work.


Objectives: Intravesical injection of onabotulinumtoxinA (i.e. Botox) provides effective treatment for overactive bladder. However, treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) remain problems. This study investigated the effect of AEs after onabotulinumtoxinA injection on the success rate for idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO).


The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Rhinacanthus nasutus leaves was investigated against various st rains of bacteria and fungi viz. Staphylococcus aureus, p seudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger by disc diffusion method . The Methanolic and ethyl acetate extract in a dos e of 20 mg/ml showed significant activity against Staphyloc occus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia when compared with the standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin (10 µg /disc) and ampicillin (10 µg/disc) respectively. Chloroform extraction showed great significant result against A.niger.


Objective To observe the clinical values of serum C-reactive protein(CRP),and prealbumin(PA) in assessing the severity and the prognosis of AECOPD patient.Methods CRP and PA levels of 152 patients Were measured on the 1st,3rd,5th and 7th day.According to prognosis,the patients were divided into death group and survival group.According to hospital day,the patients were divided into less than 14 days group and more than 14 days group.Result No significant difference was found in the levels of CRP and PA on the 1St and 2nd day(P0.05),but the levels of CRP in death group were higher than those in survival group on the 3rd,5th and 7th day(P0.05).The levels of PA in death group was much lower than those in survival group on the 5th and 7th day(P0.05).Conclusion Continuous high level of CRP and low level of PA indicate unfavourable prognosis and severe diseases of AECOPD patients.


ABSTRACT The choice of New Delhi as the location for the first Australian diplomatic building to be constructed after the Second World War reflected the growing significance of India in relation to the spread of Communism in Asia. As the importance of diplomatic representation and activity for Australia within India grew, so too did the need for suitable premises. For this purpose, arguments were made for the erection of new buildings in New Delhi for Australia's Department of External Affairs. From initial design ideas in 1951, it took over ten years for the Head of Mission residence to be completed in 1962, and then another four years for the chancery to be opened in 1966. This paper describes the process that led to the construction of the first of these – the HOM residence – which involved two different design concepts, one based on an Australian colonial stylistic idiom and the other on a modern regionalist approach. The paper examines these two concepts for their representational intent, revealing that the desired image of respectful dignity was open to architectural interpretation which itself depended on the political complexities and practical challenges facing the Australian government in its effort to construct a diplomatic building in India in the 1950s.


Objective : The objectives of this study were to analyse the clinical-demographic profile of arbovirus cases in Governador Valadares, Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2015 and 2016, and the incompleteness of notifications. Methods : A descriptive and cross-sectional study of arboviruses was performed using secondary data. All reported autochthonous probable cases (confirmed and suspected) of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika were included. Results : In total, 4,207 cases (dengue), 3,310 (zika) and 130 (chikungunya) were reported; the annual incidence rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) were 752.1 cases (dengue), 24.3 (chikungunya) and 591.8 (zika). February was the month with the highest notification for 3 arboviruses and female individuals were the most frequently affected. The most frequent age range for dengue was between 21 and 30 years old (20.3%), for chikungunya was over 50 years old (23.5%) and for zika was under 10 years old (28.6%). The most incident symptoms in dengue were fever (3.2%), headache (2.9%) and myalgia (2.6%), in chikungunya were arthralgia (46.6%), exanthema (37.5%) and myalgia (29.4%); for zika, the symptoms weren't reported in the notification form. Very poor or poor completeness were verified in 77.4% (dengue), 34.6% (chikungunya), 22.2% (zika). Conclusions : The clinical-demographic profile of arboviruses in Governador Valadares is represented by women, aged between 21 and 40 years old, with complaints of fever, headache, myalgia and, particularly in chikungunya, arthralgia. The high percentage of unfilled fields in notification forms for 3 arboviruses is a serious limitation for public health actions against them.


Abstract The effects of Red-cockaded Woodpecker (Picoides borealis) management on nontarget birds is not widely known. Intensive management for pine specialists such as the Red-cockaded Woodpecker may negatively impact both Nearctic-Neotropical and Temperate Zone migrants associated with hardwood vegetation. To evaluate possible positive and negative associations, we surveyed avian communities from 1995–1997 using point counts within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cavity tree clusters and mature forest control sites in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) and loblolly (P. taeda)-shortleaf (P. echinata) pine habitats. In general, sites managed for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers supported more diverse and numerous bird populations than mature forest control sites. During the breeding season in loblolly-shortleaf and longleaf pine habitats, respectively, species richness was 47% and 23% greater, avian abundance was 57% and 65% greater, and bird species diversity was 25% and 21% greater within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cluster sites than within control sites. During winter, species richness and avian abundance each were 52% higher within managed Red-cockaded Woodpecker cluster sites than control sites in loblolly-shortleaf pine habitat.


– Subject of this paper is to propose an innovative interactive system for 3D visualization of digital music archives. In such archives, digital music is accompanied by complementary information and metadata that describe its content. The proposed 3D visualization environment is able to provide multi-scale representations driven by appropriate clustering processes that exploit content descriptions. It is also able to provide direct access to all the digital content, both in terms of physical access to the musical digital files as well as in terms of searching and constructing playlists.


Based on the analysis of aggradation formation mechanism in the Yellow River estuarine reaches, it is considered that the effective control of the rise of estuarine erosion base level is the key for regulating the Yellow River mouth and the criterion to judge whether a kind of regulating measures is good. Therefore, it is suggested to use the floating pump station to control the rise of estuarine erosion base level, and the tentative ideas for the general layout of regulating engineerings are proposed according to the topographic and engineering conditions in the estuarine area.


An additive-based FCC process has many unique advantages. It requires essentially no capital investment and can usually be used in conjunction with any base catalyst. Most applications of octane additives are based on Mobil's shape-selective ZSM-5 zeolite. In 1985, Chevron was among the first in the industry to test a ZSM-5 based additive in commercial FCC units. In two separate trials, the impact of this additive was evaluated by both in-plant monitoring and controlled reaction mix testing. Although the results were attractive, the refineries were not able to take full advantage of this additive because of limited alkylation capacity and wet gas handling capability. Although the wet gas increase and the gasoline loss can be reduced by decreasing either the additive concentration or the reactor temperature, these approaches will also reduce the octane benefits. A more desirable approach is to change the selectivity of the additive to increase octane while minimizing gasoline yield loss. OCTAMAX, a proprietary Chevron process utilizing an additive containing a high SiO[sub 2]/Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] ZSM-5 zeolite, was developed to accomplish this goal. Since wet gas handling capacity is often limiting in FCC operation, a secondary goal was to maximize the ratio of incremental C[sub 4]more » olefins (especially isobutene) to incremental total C[sub 4]-gas. C[sub 4]= alkylate is known to be higher in octane than that from C[sub 3]=, and isobutene is a precursor to MTBE. This paper first discusses the chemistry of the OCTAMAX process and initial laboratory results. Since the use of high SiO[sub 2]/Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] ZSM-5 in FCC is a proprietary Chevron process, confirming those laboratory results in a commercial FCC required testing in Chevron units. Results of this testing as well as an economic evaluation are presented.« less


Control of output voltage is critical for the power quality of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which is, however, challenging due to electrochemical nonlinearity, load disturbances, modelling uncertainties, and actuator constraints. Moreover, the fuel utilization rate should be limited within a safety range during the voltage regulation transient. The current research is usually appealing to model predictive control (MPC) by formulating the difficulties into a constrained optimization problem, but its huge computational complexity makes it formidable for real-time implementation in practice. To this end, this paper aims to develop a combined control structure, with basic function blocks, to fulfill the objectives with minor computation. Firstly, the disturbance, nonlinearity and uncertainties are lumped as a total disturbance, which is estimated and mitigated by active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC). Secondly, a feed-forward controller is introduced to improve the load disturbance rejection response. Finally, the constraints are satisfied by designing a cautious switching strategy. The simulation results show that the nominal performance of the proposed strategy is comparable to MPC. In the presence of parameter perturbation, the proposed strategy shows a better performance than MPC.


Knowledge of variations in insect biting behaviour and feeding patterns of insect disease vectors is important in understanding disease epidemiology and establishing effective control methods. Blood feeding insects are embedded within complex ecological communities and interact with other species acting as predator, prey, or competitor. These interactions are likely to impact the population dynamics of those co-occurring species1.


To reach the 0·2 nm point‐to‐point resolution possible with some high voltage electron microscopes, the astigmatism of the objective lens must be compensated to within 5 nm. Due to a number of factors the resolution of the image seen on the viewing screen of the high voltage microscope is, however, quite poor and does not permit compensation of such accuracy.


While public interest for technologies that produce and deliver immersive VR content has been growing, the price point for these tools has remained relatively high. This paper presents a low-cost, high-quality first-order ambisonics (FOA) microphone based on low-noise microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Namely, this paper details the design, fabrication, and testing of a MEMS FOA microphone including its frequency and directivity response. To facilitate high resolution directivity response measurements, a low-cost, automatic rotating microphone mount using an Arduino was designed. The automatic control of this platform was integrated into an in-house acoustic measurement library built in MATLAB, allowing the user to generate polar plots at resolutions down to 1.8°. Subjective assessments compared the FOA mic prototype to commercially available FOA solutions at higher price points.


This paper sets out to present experimental research regarding the processing of industrial applications of some bush type sintered parts (valve seats for automobiles) created from a mix of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L with a contents of 10, 20 and 30% Al 2 O 3 . The set of 12 samples was exposed - after homogenizing, when 0.5 zinc stearate was added - to pressing in a pressing mold with a two column guidance and with modular elements: 6 samples were pressed at 400 kN force and 6 samples at 200 kN. After sintering at 1200°C for 1 hour in H 2 atmosphere, from each batch, 3 samples were austenitized at 1100°C for 1 hour. Metallographic microstructural analysis was done which highlighted austenitic structures with pores situated at the limits of irregular shape sintered particles and, respectively, the added component in proportional volumes to those in the primary mix. The austenitizing thermal treatment did not significantly modify the microstructural characteristics. Micro hardness determinations did not highlight significant differences between austenitic particles in different samples. Corrosion tests in acid environments (5% nitric acid and 5% sulfuric acid solutions) for 48 hours have demonstrated that corrosion effects are practically negligible. In the case of abrasive wear tests, we have noticed that an increase in alumina has resulted in lower wear. For creating functional models we recommend a mix of 316L stainless steel with 30% Al 2 O 3 .