4.1 Prove each of the following statements about sequences in C. (a) zn  0 if |z|  1; zn diverges if |z|  1. Proof: For the part: zn  0 if |z|  1. Given   0, we want to find that there exists a positive integer N such that as n  N, we have |zn  0|  . Note that log|z|  0 since |z|  1, hence if we choose a positive integer N  log|z|  1, then as n  N, we have |zn  0|  . For the part: zn diverges if |z|  1. Assume that zn converges to L, then given   1, there exists a positive integer N1 such that as n  N1, we have |zn  L|  1   |z|  1  |L|. * However, note that log|z|  0 since |z|  1, if we choose a positive integer N  max log|z|1  |L|  1,N1 , then we have |z|  1  |L| which contradicts (*). Hence, zn diverges if |z|  1. Remark: 1. Given any complex number z  C  0, limn|z|  1. 2. Keep limnn!   in mind. 3. In fact, zn is unbounded if |z|  1. ( zn diverges if |z|  1. ) Since given M  1, and choose a positive integer N  log|z|M  1, then |z| N  M. (b) If zn  0 and if cn is bounded, then cnzn  0. Proof: Since cn is bounded, say its bound M, i.e., |cn |  M for all n  N. In addition, since zn  0, given   0, there exists a positive integer N such that as n  N, we have |zn  0|  /M which implies that as n  N, we have |cnzn |  M|zn |  . That is, limn cnzn  0. (c) zn/n!  0 for every complex z. Proof: Given a complex z, and thus find a positive integer N such that |z|  N/2. Consider (let n  N). zn n!  zN N! znN N  1N  2   n  zN N! 1 2 nN  0 as n  .


The delay of the Ulysses launch from May 1986 to October 1990, because of the Challenger disaster, has altered both the constraints under which the mission must be designed and the timing of several mission critical events. Safety and launch reliability concerns from the Shuttle have increased the effective launch window to durations greater than one hour. Fortuitously high declinations of the launch asymptote (DLA), of the order of the launch site latitude, ameliorate the impact of the new constraints on the launch window. Target overlays in the first hour of the launch window provide higher departure energies that improve mission performance and avoid a science schedule conflict at second opposition near the time of closest Jupiter approach. The mission design starts with the maximum earth departure energy that the upper stage can deliver within the launch constraints. The Jupiter arrival asymptotes are chosen from the optimal point of mission performance in the mission space defined in the Jupiter B-plane by contours mapped by the science and spacecraft constraints. More than half the orbital energy of the earth-to-Jupiter transfer orbit is lost in the Jupiter flyby, and the Jupiter gravitational assist rotates the orbit plane out of the ecliptic to an inclination of about 80 degrees.


Occurrence of tipburn is a severe problem in the production of lisianthus cultivars. Previous studies have shown excessive Ca accumulation in the roots of tipburn-damaged cultivars, where the distribution of Ca to the tips of the top leaves is inhibited. However, few studies have investigated the association between Ca accumulation and gene expression in horticultural crops. To provide a list of candidate target genes that might be causing the excessive Ca accumulation in roots, we focused Ca2+ transporter and pectin methylesterase (PME) genes and RNA-seq of upper leaves and roots in tipburn-occurrence cultivar ("Voyage peach": VP) and non-occurrence cultivar ("Umi honoka": UH) was conducted. In both the upper leaves and roots of VP, genes encoding the glutamate receptors (GLRs), cation/Ca2+ exchangers 4 (CCX4), Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-like protein (NCL), and PMEs were upregulated, and a gene encoding the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 9 (CNGC9) was downregulated. In contrast, genes encoding the vacuolar cation/proton exchanger 5 (CAX5), calcium-transporting ATPase 1 and 12 (ACA1 and ACA12) showed differential expression in each organ. Among them, only CAX5 was upregulated and ACA12 was downregulated in the roots of VP. Based on these results, we suggested that CAX5 and ACA12 are the candidate genes causing the excessive Ca accumulation in the roots of tipburn-occurrence lisianthus cultivars. Future studies should investigate the temporal changes in gene expression using quantitative PCR and conduct functional analysis of candidate genes in tipburn-damaged lisianthus cultivars.


The Amazon has always been targeted for its natural products, due to the great value it has in the market. Thus, the foreigners began to see it as a source of wealth and appropriated the land. So that there was a slight return, it was necessary to colonize the people who already lived in the Amazon, the Indians, followed by cultural, social and economic changes. In this way, the research aims to observe some of the cultural, social and economic transformations that occurred in the southern Amazon from the colonial period to the present day.


We isolated subpopulations of normal blood platelets from platelet rich plasma (PRP) and, in parallel, from platelet rich saline (PRS) on the basis of their buoyant densities. The MPV, being smallest in the lightest subpopulation, correlated significantly with platelet buoyant density (P < 0.002). In agreement with previous reports, we showed that the least dense platelet subpopulation, separated from PRP, had a high level of PA‐IgG (3,486 mol/plt). This value was significantly greater (P < 0.02) than PA‐IgG in the lightest subpopulation separated from PRS (693 mol/plt). We believe that the procedure of separating platelets from PRP artificially increased PA‐IgG in the least dense subpopulation. Our data showed that when Subpopulations were prepared from PRS, PA‐IgG correlated with platelet buoyant density (P < 0.002), and that the subpopulation with the highest density had the highest level of PA‐IgG. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract : This technical note provides information on the procedures and approach utilized in the development of a bioaccumulation test method using the amphipod Leptocheirus plumulosus.


The collisionless two-dimensional dynamics of a two-component plasma, where the fast ions determine the plasma pressure and the cold ions determine the plasma inertia, is studied both analytically and numerically. The fast ion Larmor radius is assumed to be of the order of the plasma transverse size. The set of equations for such a plasma is obtained, taking into account small but finite plasma pressure (β≪1). It is shown that, in the limit of high cold component density, the dynamics studied in this paper is qualitatively similar to Euler two-dimensional hydrodynamics. The existence of an instability due to nonuniform gradient drift is shown. This instability is similar to the Rayleigh instability in hydrodynamics and the diocotron instability in a nonneutral plasma. Some analytical samples of eigen modes are presented. The stability of axisymmetric equilibrium with a monotone profile of the guiding center density is proved. The ensemble of the large Larmor radius ions with conserved magnetic moments has...


ABSTRACT The recent global financial crisis caused implementation of negative or close to zero interest rates. This situation implies a necessity to study a flexible and simplistic model of interest rate, which well accommodates oscillations, cycles, and negative signs. In this article, we introduce a novel nonlinear stochastic interest rate model, which, as a special case, incorporates the standard linear model of Parker. Many practical implications for finance and pensions are obtained.


A 70-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of progressive weakness of his arm and leg. During surgery, a frozen biopsy revealed an ill-defined rosette-like structure, mitosis, and hypervascularity. A diagnosis of ependymoma was made and a gross total resection was performed. However, the result of the definitive biopsy was not ependymoma, but small cell lung cancer. This report highlights the need for a close clinicopathologic correlation to enable the correct intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of spinal tumors, including a careful examination of the histologic features and operative and radiologic tumor findings.


Increasing rates of anthropogenic forcing on natural and urban ecosystems in the Arctic requires the development of more detailed environmental monitoring. In this context, studying of contents of background trace elements seems to be actual goal. The goal of this study is an assessment of the content of background heavy metals in natural soils of the Polar Urals (surroundings of mountain Chyornaya), surroundings of Salekhard and foothills of the Polar Urals and urban soils (Kharsaim, Aksarka, Labytnangi, Kharp, Salekhard). Levels of maximum permissible concentrations (MPCs) were established to be exceeded by some elements (As, Ni, Co) in most of soil samples (from both urban and natural environments). It can indicate to high regional background contents for these elements especially in case of natural soils. The highest exceedance of MPCs is typical for soil samples from urban environments. For other studied trace elements (Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr) MPCs are exceeded only in few cases. The highest trace elements content in urban soils is connected with sites with significantly high rates of anthropogenic forcing (chrome-processing factory in Kharp). The highest trace elements content for natural soils can be connected with three soil profile zones: peat-like horizons, stagnic and cryogenic geochemical barriers, and soil horizons with clay texture class. Moreover, we discussed problems of trace elements behavior in conditions of changing climate of the Arctic and permafrost degradation.


The study aims to identify attitudes and patterns of perceptions concerning the concepts of quality and measurement. The study investigates the question of what the perceptions are of key functions in the school's development process, relating to concepts of quality and measurement in relation to school improvement. The study also answers about perceptions that can lead to difficulties or problems in the work of improving school quality.The study is quantitative and has been implemented through a web survey sent to teachers in career program and school-leaders in primary and secondary education.The study results show patterns that have features in common with the development of the form called effective-schools-model. Based on grades as the most dignified values, researchers and schools strive to find a "best practice" that is generalizable. The study also shows patterns consistent with models on development in schools, in which assessments of the quality of education have a better variety of information than the grade ratings. The same patterns are also perceptions that values college collaboration to the development.The study indicates that the problem of the schools driven by focuses on measurement and puts much time and energy on documentation processes that take resources from the core of teaching. The study also demonstrates the problem through perceived difficulties in assessing the quality of education and to get the analysis to lead to improvements in the quality of education. At the same time the study shows that measuring grade ratings is the most important factor in the evaluation work.The results can be used for long-term strategies around skills development and to address difficulties in the systematic quality work.


The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of sympathetic nerve sistem by microneurography in asymptomatic patients with aortic insufficiency (AoI) chronic important.


Abstract Abstract One of the important practical problems in the analysis of long time series of hydrological records is the evaluation of detectability of trends. This is not a trivial task, especially where the change is weak, while the natural variability is considerable (e.g. in the case of river flow records). The results of a study of a run-up effect allow experts to assess how strong a change (gradual trend or abrupt jump) must be and how long it must take in order to be detected by statistical tests. A set of generated, trend-free data mimicking river flow records, has been contaminated by the controlled addition of a gradual change or an abrupt jump. Analysis of detectability of change for different conditions of natural variability of the river flow process and for different properties of the contaminating component (its amplitude, intensity and run-up time) has been made, and the performance of different tests has been compared. The results are of broad applicability in the search for a climate change signature in hydrological data. Tests are not able to detect weak changes or changes which have not lasted long, but this cannot be interpreted as a demonstration of absence of a change. With the enhanced climate change, the changes of hydrological processes may be stronger and last longer, so that the likelihood of change detection may grow.


Based on the material collected during biodiversity research of insects on Socotra Island, the new species Corticeus socotranus sp. nov. is described and fi gured. The new species belongs to the C. longicollis-group and differs in the shape of genae and pronotum, and in the colour of body.


The plot of Shakespeare's famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet was introduced in Spain thanks to Bandello's short novel during the XVI century. Starting from it, Lope de Vega and Rojas Zorrilla wrote their own versions, which are analyzed in the present paper, as well as the one written by the almost unknown writer Cristobal de Rosas. Besides, the same topic is discussed on the work of other contemporary playwrights, such as Peman,


The utility model discloses a Combined fermentation tank, comprising a columnar tank body and a conical tank top, wherein, a feed inlet, a discharge port and a biogas outlet are arranged on the columnar tank body respectively, an elastic film top is disposed at the upper part of the inner cavity of the columnar tank body, the periphery of the elastic film top is fixed in a circle of water seal tank disposed on the inner wall at the upper part of the columnar tank body to form an airtight space, a biogas storage chamber is arranged between the elastic film top and the liquid level of a fermentation liquor, a counterbalance disc is disposed in the center of the external surface of the elastic film top, the counterbalance disc is connected with one end of a wire rope, and the other end of the wire rope penetrates through a pulley block in the center of the tank top and the body wall of the columnar tank body, and is connected with a position buoy outside the body wall of the columnar tank body, the tank top is connected with the upper edge of the columnar tank body above the elastic film top, and a ventilation hole is arranged in the tank top. A heating pipe is coiled on the tank body, and a stirring mechanism is disposed in the tank body. The utility model has advantages of novel design, integrated functions, short fermentation period, high gas production rate, outstanding energy benefit and automatic pressure regulation, and good economic benefit.


To explore whether low selenium and vitamin E play a continuing role in the repair process after myocardial injury and investigate whether timely and adequate complementary selenium and VE is able to reverse the excessive accumulation of myocardial collagen.Method Thirty Wistar rats were selected and 6 rats were taken to the control group and fed with mixed grain.Other rats were given low-Se,low VE semi-synthetic diet feed for 81 d.Then,the rats were injected with isoproterenol to make myocardial fibrosis model except the control group.The successful model rats were divided into 4 groups:semi-synthetic diet group(EG) fed with semi-synthetic diet continuously;semi-synthetic diet plus Se group,semi-synthetic diet plus VE group,semi-synthetic diet plus selenium and VE group.21 d later,all rats were sacrificed,and the oxidative stress indicators in serum and myocardial collagen metabolism were detected.Results In the model group,the serum glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased,the level of serum lipid peroxidation increased,myocardial collagen accumulated,the expression level of matrix metalloproteinases-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of MMP-2(TIMP-2) up regulated,and the ratio of expression level between the MMP-2 and TIMP-2 decreased.Supplementation of Se and VE to the diet can alleviate these changes.Conclusion Low selenium and vitamin E play a continuous role in the repair process after myocardial injury.Timely and adequate supplementation of selenium and VE is able to reverse the excessive accumulation of myocardial collagen.


Chloride molten salts are potential thermal storage materials for solar thermal plant,however,they are very corrosive to metal alloys.The corrosion behaviors of two typical materials,316 Lstainless steel and Inconel625 alloy,in NaCl,KCl,MgCl2 and CaCl2molten salts at 900℃ were studied by using XRD and SEM equipped with EDS.Both of the two alloys endured sever corrosion in the four chloride molten salts,but the corrosion rates in alkali earth metal chloride molten salts(MgCl2and CaCl2)were much faster than those in alkali metal chloride molten salts(NaCl and KCl).However,the corrosion rate of 316 Lstainless steel was faster than that of the Inconel 625 alloy in the same chloride molten salt because the main oxides formed on the surface of 316 Lstainless,which are FeCr2O4 and Fe3O4,are easier to dissolve into the chloride molten salts than Cr2O3 and NiCr2O4formed on the surface of Inconel625 alloy.The results are helpful for the material selecting and developing of corrosion protection technique for the solar thermal plant system.


Objective: Highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) has a significant impact on the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection,leading to a remarkable decrease in its morbidity and mortality,but is frequenfly associated with metabolic complications,such as dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications.The purpose of this study is to explore the possible complications of HAART in treated patients on lipid metabolism and syndrome of TCM(TCM).Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the outpatients.We selected 281 infected men who were receiving HAART.Fasting total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipopmtein cholesterol(HDL),low-density lipopmtein(LDL),cholesterol values were compared in various treatment prescription.Statistic analysis of the data was carried out on lipid metabolism and syndrome of TCM.Results: Protease inhibitors(PIs) the incidence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher than other drug combinations in their programs the incidence of dyslipidemia.AIDS patients receiving HAART lipid levels in triglycerides(TGs) increased more in various treatment perscription(82%).Syndrome differentiation type was mainly phlegm or phlegm stasis(78%).Conclusion: These data suggested that HAART was associated with dyslipidemia in patients.In addition to AIDS patients on HAART conventional treatment,and related lipid changes also should pay attention to,TCM treatment should mainly invigorate the spleen and eliminate phlegm.


People sometimes predict specific words during language comprehension. It is thought that while correct predictions benefit word recognition and incremental comprehension, incorrect predictions can incur a cognitive processing cost, possibly because people have to inhibit the word representations they had activated ahead of time (e.g., Ness and Meltzer-Asscher, 2018). According to the "rational adaptation hypothesis" (e.g., Kuperberg and Jaeger, 2016), people balance these costs and benefits by rationally adapting lexical predictions to the estimated probability of prediction disconfirmation (error). Increased probability of disconfirmation leads to weaker predictions, which, in turn, may reduce the processing costs incurred by prediction failure. In support of this hypothesis, Ness and Meltzer-Asscher (2021, from hereon NMA2021) report a clever and impressive study with two large-scale behavioral experiments and largely pre-registered analyses. The current commentary critically reviews these analyses and performs re-analyses which show that their data, in fact, do not support the rational adaptation hypothesis.


Leptopsylla (Pectinoctenus) pectiniceps ventrisinulata subsp. nov.The new subspecies is allied to the nominated subspecies of Leptopsyllusern (Pec-tinoctenus) pectiniceps (Wagner, 1893) which is widely distributed in northeast China (Northeast, Inner Mongolia) Mongolia and USSR (Trans-Bakaylia, Cis-Amur etc.) and is readily separable by the characters stated below.Diagnosis. In male, posterior margin of movable process distinctly concave and 'fixed process of clasper much wider (fig. 1); outline of crochet shorter and broader, with apical margin slanting and convex (fig. 2). In female, sternite VII without the big sinus on lower part of posterior margin as present in the nominated subspecies, but ventral margin with a distinct emargination (hence the name of the new subspecies) (fig. 3).Type data. Holotype measuring 2.1 mm long, allotype 2.4 mm. long, 3 pairs of paratypes taken in July-September, 1960 ex Apodemus sylvaticus from Tiebu, Zoige County in middle north of Sichuan Province; a single paratype taken in August, 1981 ex Myospalax sp. from Guide County, southeast of Qinghai Lake; a third batch of 2 pairs of paratypes taken in July, 1983 ex Apodemus speciosus, Cricetulus longicaudatus and Ochotona cansa from Huzhu Tu Autonomous County, east of Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province. Holotype, allotype and a pair of paratypes are deposited in the Health Antiepidemic Station of Sichuan Province; 3 4 paratypes in the Insect Collection o'f the Institute of Microbiology Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences and 3 c 71 paratypes in the Research Institute of Endemic Disease Control of Qinghai Province.


Resistivity imaging was carried out over two linear earthworks that cut off a peninsula at the neck of the Mull of Galloway. The geophysical work formed part of a wider research programme, funded by Historic Scotland, involving excavation and survey, designed to assess the extent of erosion to the site. The southern (inner) line of earthworks is ca. 440 m long, whereas the northern (outer) earthwork measures only ca. 120 m. Both survive as turf and gorse covered, upstanding banks and ditches. Four resistivity images were taken across the earthworks. A further image was placed just to the south of the southern earthwork in an attempt to trace cobbles identified during excavation. The surveys used a Geopulse Imager system with 25 electrodes and an interelectrode spacing of 1 m, and apparent resistivities were acquired with the Wenner configuration. Topographic corrections were applied to the 22‐m‐long pseudosections, which were then inverted using Res2DInv to obtain resistivity models. Excavation of trenches through the earthworks confirmed that the resistivity models had been successful in providing an accurate picture of the character and construction of these rampart and ditch systems. Copyright © Crown Copyright 2001. Recorded with the permission of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


It is evident from the comments by Bernoulli (1777) that the history of outliers is very old and traces back to some 200 years ago indicating that "discarding discordant observations" was a common practice even 200 years ago.In the opinion of investigator, "Outliers" are the observations that deviate from the remaining observations or bulk of the data and require proper treatment as statistical analyses are highly influenced by the presence of such observation in all types of data sets.Many attempts have been made to cope with such observations and to provide protection against outliers.Robust statistics and robust regression techniques have been developed by researchers with the passage of time to handle outliers and to minimize the effect of outliers.Work is still continuing to modify the previously developed techniques or to introduce even more advanced and improved techniques.
Our present study has three important dimensions.The first portion of this study deals with the comparison of several tests developed by researchers to identify one or more outliers in single sample case. In this study we also propose some univarite tests to be used for the detection of outliers in case of sampling from a heavy tailed symmetric distribution, that is, Cauchy distribution.We conduct detailed simulation studies to compute critical values for the tests for various sample sizes available in the literature and also for the proposed tests while sampling is from the Cauchy distribution. We also have computed simulated powers based on 10000 simulations to compare these tests for various sample sizes up to 30 in the presence of different number of outliers varying from 1 to 5. We consider three (3) examples where artificial data sets were generated from Cauchy distribution containing 1, 2 and 3 outliers to investigate the performance of all of the tests under consideration.
The second part of my PhD thesis is mainly concerned with robust regression.Several researchers have proposed M- estimators and redescending M- estimators to handle outliers by assigning smaller weights to outliers in order to minimize their effect.We propose a new and efficient redescending M- estimator, called "Alamgir Redescending M- Estimator (ALARM)".We investigate its asymptotic efficiency for various sample sizes and different number of predictors. We determine the optimum value for the tuning constant parameter of our proposed estimator. We conducted simulation studies to evaluate and compare its performance with several other redescending M- estimators available in the literature. Our proposed estimator performs better than rest of the estimators in majority of simulated scenarios and outperforms the remaining estimators in some cases, particularly, in the presence of higher percentages of outliers in the data. We also present some examples based on real data sets to illustrate the performance of our proposed estimator.The proposed estimator does well in fitting the real data sets containing different percentages of outliers and detected as many outliers as any other estimator did. Our proposed estimator provides protection against outliers and proves to be very efficient estimator.In the last part of my PhD thesis, we propose a new bootstrap procedure, called "Split Sample Bootstrap (SSB)" which is a very robust alternative to other classical or recently developed bootstrap procedure providing maximum protection against outliers.The proposed procedure has high breakdown point. We conducted some simulation studies to examine the performance of SSB and to compare it with two other bootstrap procedures under various simulation scenarios. The performance of the proposed procedure and the two other procedures is judged by computing the bootstrap estimate of the bias, bootstrap standard error (SE) and length of the bootstrap confidence interval.We observe very promising results for our proposed procedure with respect to bias, SE and length. Our proposed bootstrap procedure results in numerical stability and high efficiency of the estimates as compared to other two bootstrap procedures.The proposed procedure result in shortest confidence intervals for the parameter estimates for all sample sizes and for different number of predictor variables in the regression model at all level of contaminations, particularly, in the presence of higher percentage of outliers as compared to the other two bootstrap procedures under consideration in the study. We consider two real data examples and the results similar to simulation results have been found in both examples.
The Computer programing for simulation studies was done in R software (version 2.14.1).


Over the last few years, something like a critical consensus has emerged regarding the function of the novel in the symbolic formation of national identity in late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Great Britain, and, in particular, the influential role played in that formation by Walter Scott's Waverley novels. The consensus takes its cue from Benedict Anderson's account of the novel as one of the major cultural institutions that produces the "imagined community" of the modern nation. According to Anderson, the novel synchronizes the subjectivity of its readers with secular history and a calendrical order of "homogeneous, empty time," by representing a temporal simultaneity across the diverse spaces and populations of the national territory.1 This imaginary standardization marches with the projects of political, legal, and economic rationalization that constitute modernization in other domains. The ideological power of Scott's novels, following this account, lies in their explicit representation of modernization as a complex, overdetermined historical process, in which a set of political, legal, economic, and cultural transformations bear together on an inevitable outcome: here and now, the only real world, the commerce-based


To investigate the effectiveness of a novel personalized extracorporeal biofeedback device (Anykegel) for pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on the recovery of postprostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPI) after robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) through a randomized controlled trial.


The conditions under which an individual accused of a crime can remain at liberty prior to the resolution of the criminal charge against him have evolved over time in the American system of criminal justice.' For most of this country's history, pretrial release conditions were almost exclusively defined in financial terms, i.e., the amount of "bail" a defendant or his surety was required to pledge to assure appearance in court.2 Mounting dissatisfaction with the financiallybased American bail system, however, ultimately resulted in a decade of bail reform in the 1960s during which various forms of nonfinancial release conditions designed to assure court appearance were developed.3 The introduction of these nonfinancial release conditions significantly expanded the extent of pretrial release.4 This expansion of


Entrepreneurship is a high-risk business activity as well as a process that is filled with emotions, and emotions may affect the cognition and judgment of entrepreneurs, resulting in certain influences on entrepreneurial process or entrepreneurial results. Entrepreneurial emotion has always been a hot topic of research. Entrepreneurs are always faced with fierce competition and great pressure. Good regulation and management of emotions are the abilities that every entrepreneur needs to master. Therefore, research on the structure of entrepreneurial emotions and how to adjust the state of mind in the face of negative emotions is worthy of attention. This article, mainly based on the grounded theory, explores the structure of entrepreneurial fear by adopting the method of in-depth interview, and achieves the following results: entrepreneurial fear includes fear of failure and fear of success, where fear of failure involves fund shortage, uncertainty about future, family support, responsibilities to significant others, evaluation by society and significant others, human resource integration and self- ability; while fear of success involves long-term development, physical and mental health and quality of life. In addition, this article puts forward related opinions and suggestions for relieving of such emotion: (1) Promote the spread of entrepreneurial education;(2) Large-scale enterprises/ organizations offer as many opportunities of entrepreneurial practice as possible; (3) Improve the comprehensive abilities of entrepreneurs; (4) Improve the social security system for entrepreneurship; (5) Create an entrepreneurial environment in the whole society. This article aims to promote the development of entrepreneurship industry, and provide new thoughts for future studies on entrepreneurship. Keywords: Grounded theory; In-depth interview; Entrepreneurial fear


Objective:To observe the features of salivary gland radionuclide dynamic imaging in Sjgren′s syndrome and assess its value in diagnosis of this disease.Methods:Sixteen patients with Sjgren′s syndrome and another 16 health controls received diagnosis by radionuclide dynamic scanning in parotid gland and submandibular gland for comparing the positive rate of imaging,velocity of radioactivity uptake and radionuclide excretion.Results:The positive rate between parotid gland and submandibular gland during radionuclide dynamic imaging showed no difference.Yet,the velocity of radioactivity uptake and excreting radionuclide for parotid gland and submandibular gland were faster in patients with Sjgren′s syndrome as compared with the control subjects.Conclusion:Salivary gland radionuclide dynamic imaging appears effective in clinical diagnosis of Sjgren′s syndrome.


This work continues the development of hardness magnification. The latter proposes a new strategy for showing strong complexity lower bounds by reducing them to a refined analysis of weaker models, where combinatorial techniques might be successful. We consider gap versions of the meta-computational problems MKtP and MCSP, where one needs to distinguish instances (strings or truth-tables) of complexity ≤ s1(N) from instances of complexity ≥ s2(N), and N = 2 denotes the input length. In MCSP, complexity is measured by circuit size, while in MKtP one considers Levin's notion of time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity. (In our results, the parameters s1(N) and s2(N) are asymptotically quite close, and the problems almost coincide with their standard formulations without a gap.) We establish that for Gap-MKtP[s1, s2] and Gap-MCSP[s1, s2], a marginal improvement over the state-of-the-art in unconditional lower bounds in a variety of computational models would imply explicit super-polynomial lower bounds. Theorem. There exists a universal constant c ≥ 1 for which the following hold. If there exists ε > 0 such that for every small enough β > 0 (1) Gap-MCSP[2/cn, 2] / ∈ Circuit[N1+ε], then NP * Circuit[poly]. (2) Gap-MKtP[2, 2 + cn] / ∈ TC0[N1+ε], then EXP * TC0[poly]. (3) Gap-MKtP[2, 2 + cn] / ∈ B2-Formula[N], then EXP * Formula[poly]. (4) Gap-MKtP[2, 2 + cn] / ∈ U2-Formula[N], then EXP * Formula[poly]. (5) Gap-MKtP[2, 2 + cn] / ∈ BP[N2+ε], then EXP * BP[poly]. (6) Gap-MKtP[2, 2 + cn] / ∈ (AC0[6])[N1+ε], then EXP * AC0[6]. These results are complemented by lower bounds for Gap-MCSP and Gap-MKtP against different models. For instance, the lower bound assumed in (1) holds for U2-formulas of near-quadratic size, and lower bounds similar to (3)-(5) hold for various regimes of parameters. We also identify a natural computational model under which the hardness magnification threshold for Gap-MKtP lies below existing lower bounds: U2-formulas that can compute parity functions at the leaves (instead of just literals). As a consequence, if one managed to adapt the existing lower bound techniques against such formulas to work with Gap-MKtP, then EXP * NC1 would follow via hardness magnification. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation


Legacy applications that are already designed and maintained could be reused by adding new features like security, temporal constraints, etc. Aspect oriented approaches are an emerging technique that allow separation between functional and nonfunctional mechanisms. Separation of concerns, in aspect oriented design, en † hances productivity, reduces development costs and improves time to market delivery. In this paper, we introduce AOMRTSYS an approach for weaving crosscutting concerns on UML and UML MARTE model. T hen we focus on the NOLE weaver used by AOMRTSYS. We detail its operations and present the techniques used to implement it.


A 60 years old lady presented to our institute with complains of progressive dyspnea on exertion, increasing from New York Heart Association functional class II to class III over last 2-3 months. She did not have any history of fever, chest pain, palpitations, presyncope or syncope. On examination, her pulse rate was 90 per minute regular and the blood pressure was 130/60 mm Hg. Rest of the general physical examination was unremarkable with no clinical features suggestive of Marfan's syndrome, rheumatic h e a r t d i s e a s e o r i n f e c t i v e e n d o c a r d i t i s . C a r d i o va s c u l a r e x a m i n a t i o n r e ve a l e d a l o n g diastolic murmur in left upper and mid parasternal region. H e r t r a n s t h o r a c i c 2 D e c h o revealed tri-leaflet aortic valve with flail right coronary cusp which was prolapsing into left ventricular outflow tract (Figure 1) causing severe aortic regurgitation. The aortic annulus (22 mm) and the root (38 mm) were of almost normal sizes (Figure 2) and there was no evidence of aortic dissection. Other valves were structurally normal. The le f t ventr i cu lar s ize was increased but the systolic function was preserved. There was no evidence of infective endocarditis. Among her first-degree relatives, none had any major cardiac illness. The clinical examination was also unremarkable with none of them having marfanoid features. In view of the clinical symptoms and echocardiographic features, the patient underwent aortic valve replacement. Histopathological examination of the resected aortic leaflet tissue revealed myxomatous degeneration (Figure 3). Flail aortic leaflet secondary to myxomatous degeneration is a relatively less common cause of aortic regurgitation but almost invariably occurs in association with some other abnormality such as bicuspid aortic valve, aortic root dilatation, aortic dissection, aortic valve endocarditis, subaortic ventricular septal defect or only the marfanoid habitus.1-3 In our patient, however, none of these were present and the flail aortic leaflet was the only abnormality found. There was no evidence of Marfan's syndrome or Marfanoid habitus in the family also. This type of presentation is extremely rare with very few cases reported in the literature so far.3-5


Provision of roads provides access for rural and marine communities to health, education, employment and other necessary social services. A road construction project with the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) as a result of poor planning can affect the quality of the project. WBS is very important in the management planning process by turning it into phases, and work packages. Risk-based WBS standardization is one that can be a reference in road construction projects to achieve project quality. The most dominant risk variables were chosen using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS (Package Statistics for Social Sciences) then added to the WBS arrangement in order to obtain results that were accurate results.


This paper presents a novel approach to accessibility analysis for manipulative robotic tasks. The workspace is captured using a stereo camera, and heterogeneously modeled with the recognized plane features, recognized objects with complete solid models, and unrecognized 3D point clouds organized with a multi-resolution octree. When the service robot is requested to manipulate a recognized object, the local accessibility information for the object is retrieved from the object database. Then, accessibility analysis is done to verify the object accessibility and determine the global accessibility. The verification process utilizes the visibility query, which is accelerated by graphics hardware. The experimental results show the feasibility of real-time and behavior-oriented 3D modeling of workspace for robotic manipulative tasks, and also the performance gain of the hardware-accelerated accessibility analysis obtained using the commodity graphics card.


This paper addresses the spectral characteristics of a carrier-based dual randomized discontinuous pulse width modulation (DRDPWM) technique for reducing conducted EMI and switching losses in three-phase voltage source inverters. It combines two simple random schemes, random carrier frequency modulation (RCF-DPWM) and random pulse position modulation (RPP-DPWM). First, the modulating principle of the DRDPWM is presented. Then, the analytical expressions of power spectral density (PSD) that characterize the output voltage of the three-phase inverter are derived. Analytical and simulation results show the effectiveness of PSD spreading of the DRDPWM. Finally, experimental results verify the analytical and simulation results and prove the effectiveness of the DRDPWM scheme in spreading the spectrum compared to simple schemes (RPP-DPWM and RCF-DPWM) and conventional scheme DPWM.


Predicting the reliability of a redundant system with repair is considerably simplified when the system can be subdivided into mutually independent subsystems. Results can be obtained without knowing the failure of repair time distributions of the subsystems. In this paper formulae are developed for the ``steady-state'' availability and MTBF of a complex system in terms of the availabilities and MTBF's of its constituent subsystems. The basic concepts required are introduced and discussed in a review of a simplex system. These concepts are then applied to a complex system to obtain the main results of the paper. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of these results.


Abstract Blades are idealized as twisted cylindrical thin panels and the free vibrations of rotating blades are studied in this paper. First the steady deformation due to rotation is studied by using the principle of virtual work for deformation, then considering the initial deformations and the initial stress resultants, the vibration of the panel is analyzed by using the principle of virtual work for free vibration. The numerical procedure for analyzing the free vibrations of rotating twisted cylindrical thin panels is presented by the Rayleigh–Ritz method. The solutions are shown in non-dimensional frequency parameters and compared with the previous results. Finally, the effects of twist angle, center angle, setting angle, rotating speed and radius of rotating disc on the vibrations are investigated.


ABSTRACT This paper examines the interactive impact of financial development and political institutions on a specific development outcome: gross domestic investment. We explore whether financial development and political institutions act as substitutes or complements in the context of domestic investment. Using data from the period 1975–2017 for 131 countries to construct annual and five-year interval panels, we employ Fixed Effect (FE) and Dynamic Panel estimators (System GMM) to test our hypothesis. We find a significant interactive impact of political institutions and financial development on domestic investment. More specifically, we find a substitution effect among these factors. In the presence of inefficient institutions, financial development mitigates the negative impact of political institutions on domestic investment, and vice-versa.


The invention relates to a novel reaction kettle apparatus for preparing a lithium ion battery positive electrode material, and belongs to the fields of new energy material preparation and apparatuses. The apparatus is a reaction kettle with an overflow tank, the reaction kettle is connected with the overflow tank through a liquid conveying tube, and the concentration or the content of a solid product flowing out of an overflow opening can be momentarily adjusted as required to accurately control the concentration of a ternary precursor lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide suspension product generated through a mixing reaction of a nickel-cobalt-manganese sulfate reactant in the reaction kettle, the particle size and the granularity distribution of the precursor and the nucleation structure stability. The final product lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNixCoyMnzO2, and x, y and z varies in a range of 0-0.6) with the advantages of high tap density, consistent and stable powder particle dimension distribution and high rate discharge can be obtained through kiln sintering after lithium salt mixing. The apparatus is suitable for industrial stable production.


Background Considerable overlap exists between case-based learning (CBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) and differentiating between the two can be difficult for a lot of the academicians. Aims This study gauged the ability of members of medical school, familiar with a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum, to differentiate between case-based learning (CBL) and PBL after a two-day workshop on CBL. Methods A questionnaire


Procedures were developed for fabricating vacuum tight metal-to-ceramic ring seals between Inconel 625 and MgO-3 wt % Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ tubes metallized with a calcia-alumina-silica glass (CaO-29 wt % Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-35 wt % SiO/sub 2/) containing 50 vol % molybdenum filler. Palniro No. 1 (Au-25 wt % Pd-25 wt % Ni) was found to be the most reliable braze for joining Inconel to metallized MgO-3 wt % Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ bodies. The reliabilities of the processing procedures and the material systems were demonstrated. A prototype electrical feedthrough was fabricated for 1173/sup 0/K operation in air or vacuum.


Austria's legislative election, held on 15 October, saw the Austrian People's Party, led by Sebastian Kurz, emerge as the largest party. Manes Weisskircher and Matthew E. Bergman highlight four things worth knowing about the results of an election that might not only be a game changer for Austrian politics, but which also reflected some of the key political developments in contemporary Western Europe.


The lateral photovoltaic effect(LPE): the saturation values of photovoltage vary linearly with the position of laser spot. It has been widely investigated and received enormous attention for a series of applications. Under the nonuniform illumination of a laser, the linearity is expected to make MOS structure a new type of candidate for position-sensitive photodetector. In order to make the sensitivity of the lateral photovoltaic effect be further improved,this thesis is partially founded to research the sensor with higher


This paper considers an edge minimization problem in saturated bipartite graphs. An $n$ by $n$ bipartite graph $G$ is $H$-saturated if $G$ does not contain a subgraph isomorphic to $H$ but adding any missing edge to $G$ creates a copy of $H$. More than half a century ago, Wessel and Bollobas independently solved the problem of minimizing the number of edges in $K_{(s,t)}$-saturated graphs, where $K_{(s,t)}$ is the `ordered' complete bipartite graph with $s$ vertices from the first color class and $t$ from the second. However, the very natural `unordered' analogue of this problem was considered only half a decade ago by Moshkovitz and Shapira. Interestingly when $s=t$, it can be easily checked that the unordered variant is exactly the same as the ordered case. Later, Gan, Korandi, and Sudakov gave an asymptotically tight bound on the minimum number of edges in $K_{s,t}$-saturated $n$ by $n$ bipartite graphs, which is only smaller than the conjecture of Moshkovitz and Shapira by an additive constant. In this paper, we confirm their conjecture for $s=t-1$ with the classification of the extremal graphs. We also improve the estimates of Gan, Korandi, and Sudakov for general $s$ and $t$, and for all sufficiently large $n$.


Three-dimensional (3-D) localized magnetic reconnection was studied experimentally using torus plasma merging device TS-4. The direct measurements of 3-D structures of current sheet revealed two unsteady and fast reconnection mechanisms: 3-D deformation of current sheet and mass ejection. When strong compression force IAcc∼60kA was applied to two plasma toroids with low guide field Bt/B¦¦∼1, toroidal modes n=1-3 of current sheet were observed to grow only during their reconnection and to disappear after the reconnection. This 3-D deformation promoted mass ejection from the current sheet, increasing the reconnection rate as well as reconnection (toroidal) electric field and outflow. On the other hand, the reconnection rate was maintained low under the high guide field Bt/B¦¦∼7 and weak compression IAcc∼0kA. These phenomena suggest that local compression of current sheet triggers its strong dissipation as well as plasma mass ejection, which are responsible for the onset of 3-D localized reconnection.


Attracting and engaging computer science students to enhance their mathematical and algorithmic thinking skills are challenging tasks. In winter 2013 we introduced a new teaching format for a course, which combines theory in computer science with hands-on algorithmic challenges, mathematical thinking activities, and collaborative problem-solving. Therefore, we introduced the pedagogical model Motivational Active Learning (MAL), which is grounded in MIT's successful format for teaching physics, Technology-Enabled Active Learning (TEAL), and combines it with motivational strategies usually used by game designers. Results from the initial setup in class reveals that students indeed assessed the course structure as more interactive and motivating compared to other similar courses. In this paper we discuss the course design, issues, and the impact, and analyze the first results in detail.


The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) project was initiated by the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI). The ELI research project is conducted in 3 countries; different facilities are constructed in the Czech Republic, Romania and Hungary. The ELI Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI-ALPS) laser research centre with its equipment unique in the world is established in Szeged, Hungary, in the less developed Southern Great Plain region at a value of approximately EUR 200 million and is expected to start operation in 2016. The buildings to be constructed will not only house the laser equipment, but also provide space for offices and laboratories for the 220-250 researchers and administrative staff and a science park shall also be established for enterprises. The investment shall provide an opportunity for Szeged to attract knowledge-intensive enterprises and promote start-ups. In our study [1] we undertake to attempt to systemise the possible local economic and enterprise development effects of the ELI-ALPS based upon international scientific findings and experiences. We have developed a proposal on a development strategy based on the fundamental concepts of smart specialization that outlines realistic connection points and opportunities for cooperation between the local knowledge-intensive business sector and the ELI-ALPS, with a special role of the University of Szeged in economic end enterprise development. [1] The research was supported by the project "Extending the knowledge base of the Research University Centre of Excellence of the University of Szeged and establishing its long-term professional sustainability by means of providing an excellent next academic generation", identification number TAMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0012.


Wafer level packaging (WLP) of electronic components has become increasingly popular in recent years. In WLP, the package size is the same as the die size and, therefore, the package size is the smallest possible. This is important for applications where maximum functionality is required in a small space, especially for mobile devices. This paper continues the work of a previous study where we investigated the temperature cycling on board (TCoB) and drop test on board (DT) reliability of a test vehicle based on a dummy wafer with 8 × 8 mm die size and 444 connections at 0.4 mm pitch [1]. The previous study focused on effects of varying the die, polymer dielectric, and redistribution trace thicknesses, and we observed improved performance in TCoB with thinner die and thicker polymer layers. We build on the previous study by investigating several other variables in the WLP structure and composition. For the design of experiments (DOE), we selected three different types of solder ball compositions, the two different polymer passivation materials, two different wafer thicknesses as well as two different polymer dielectric thicknesses. Samples were prepared for seven DOE cells in total. TCoB and DT reliability results were recorded and failure analysis performed on the early failure samples. From our investigations, we conclude that the best performing DOE legs for the large die test vehicle approach the reliability requirements which are common for the electronic components in the consumer and mobile product segments.


The study deals with a theoretical analysis of how the system-synergetic direction is developing in Pedagogy. The presence of theoretical scientific and pedagogical works of integral character is noted. However, their share does not exceed one per cent of the total number of publications, and their content is often formalized. In these works universal concepts and definitions of synergetic paradigm are often ignored, and the terminology used does not always meet the linguistic-semantic normative base including Pedagogy. The problem analysis allowed to develop phenomenological models of the pedagogical system structure and its object-subject components. The results of a specially organized experiment that studied the comparative effectiveness of the systematic pedagogical approach elements use showed the feasibility of their application in the organization of a comprehensive didactic and educational support for students ecological culture development. This conclusion is based on the fact that the algorithms and procedures of synergetic pedagogy make it possible to define more clearly the purpose and objectives of the system solution of this complex ecological and pedagogical problem of the post-industrial society. The system approach reduces the probability of teachers and students to use ineffective stereotyped reproductive means and methods of prospective teachers knowledge, competencies, personal and social qualities development and increases the possibility of synergetic programming and design of the educational process.


Molecular compositions, structures, interactions, polymer chain dynamics, and micron-scale cell structures of elastomeric organosiloxane foams have been analyzed and correlated with their macroscopic mechanical properties. Open-cell organosiloxane foams were synthesized within a narrow range of relative densities (±5% relative uncertainty) and with similar micron-scale pore structures, as determined from quantitative analyses of micro-X-ray computed tomography (MXCT) images. Network cross-linking densities, polymer molecular weights, organic side-chain moieties, and inorganic filler contents were varied systematically, resulting in materials with significantly different mechanical properties. Solid-state single-pulse 1H and 29Si magic-angle-spinning (MAS), two-dimensional (2D) 29Si{1H} hetereonuclear correlation (HETCOR), and transverse 1H relaxation (T2) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements establish significant differences in molecular and polymer network characteristics that are c...


x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 POLYURETHANE (PU) CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURE 1 CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES 6 SELF-HEALING POLYMERS 9 CHAPTER 2:ULTRA-FLEXIBLE AUTONOMOUSLY SELF-HEALING HIGH MOLAR MASS POLYURETHANES 15 INTRODUCTION 15 EXPERIMENTAL 19 Materials 19 Methods 20 Polyurethane Synthesis 20 Carbon Nanotube Composites 21 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) 22 Tensile Test 23 Gel Permeation Chromatography 24 Raman 25 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 26 Reduced Elastomeric Crystallization 26 Mechanical Evaluation of Self-healing PCPU and CNT Composites 29


PURPOSE: To eliminate the need of adjusting the zoom lens of a digital scanner, for each photographic print. CONSTITUTION: The image of the photographic print is made incident on a high-resolution photoelectronic image sensor 60 through a focusable zoom lens 54 and the image output signal is digitized so that it can be recorded on a compact disk. The photographic print is attached to a platen and supplied to a scanner. Photographic print information is stored in each platen and read to automatically set the power of the zoom lens 54. An autofinisher observes the image projected on the sensor 60, on a display device 40 and adjusts the zoom lens 54 as necessary. Information for showing the adjusted state of the zoom lens 54 is stored in a memory and used as a default value on each photographic print size of successively supplied photographic prints. When the power of the zoom lens 54 is adjusted, the focus ring of the lens is changed as well and a displayed image is maintained in a focused state.


This paper aims to analyse the 2004-801 law text issued on August the 6th in France on organ transplants. The author tackles the implicit donation concept inherent to this law, and demonstrates that what is at stake here is the christian conception of donation which sets a dichotomy between altruism and egoism. After setting forth the similarity of this conception with the utilitarian and biologist one, the author suggests a new version of donation, resulting from both the MAUSS "third paradigm of social sciences," and the psychoanalytical experience with patients.


The methods of literature review,video observation,data analysis and comparison have been adopted to analyze the last four years world basketball matches of Chinese Men's Basketball Team(CMBT) against Europe and American teams.The result shows that five indexes among six routine statistics are significant between China Men's National Basketball Team and Europe and American Teams,however,the statistic changes in different matches.As time getting closer,index of positive change indicates more steal(the best),less turnover,less difference in score;index of negative change indicates more difference in rebound(the worst),weaker in assist and block shot.Owing to much more shots of Europe and American Teams,China Men's National Basketball Team had the advantages in rebound other than in steal and little turnover.China Men's National Basketball Team is now strong in defense and weak in offence;while the big difference still exists between China Men's National Basketball Team and Europe and American Teams,the index of positive change will have the advantages in the future.It suggests that the emphasis should be put on both defense and offence,the training of offensive rebound and backcourt defensive rebound should be strengthened,anti-press defense should be enhanced,and the ability of assist and competition ability during the extra period should be improved.


This bachelor thesis is focused on measuring and evaluating the approximate strength of the rocks measured by the Schmidt hammer. The work was carried out on the site of Cinovec, where for data collection drilling cores from a recent survey were used. Two boreholes into Cinovec Massif granites were evaluated. Based on measured data, the dependence between the strength and the depth under the surface was evaluated and individual changes with the descriptive state of rock were discussed. From the results, increasing strength can be traced with increasing depth and weakening reach of the surface weathering processes. Individual fluctuations can be interpreted by possible change of rock composition, by altering or otherwise by change in their natural geomechanical properties. The thesis confirmed that the methodology can be used in field conditions and that it is possible to obtain relevant data only with the orientation methodology.


In spite of a population decline, other socioeconomic changes in the Federal Republic of Germany will lead to greater reliance on private automobiles and a decline in use of rail passenger transportation. Transportation planning must be more effective, responding to need for preserving environmental values while accommodating a high level of mobility expected with socioeconomic changes under way.


In this work, we report the feasibility to achieve high lithium storage performance of MoOx by controlling its microstructure including specific surface area, doping, and amorphous structure. High-surface-area F-doped amorphous MoOx (a-MoOx) is synthesized by hydrothermal hydrolysis of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate in a water–ethylene glycol (H2O–EG) mixed solvent. The resultant a-MoOx has a surface area as high as 212.74 m2 g−1 and exhibits a hierarchically microporous–mesoporous structure. The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the high-surface-area F-doped a-MoOx exhibits high capacity and excellent electrochemical stability when used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Some synergistic factors including F-doping, high specific surface area, and porous structure, may be responsible for the good lithium-storage performance.


1 Abstract The study of quality of life has been considered from different viewpoints over time, presenting a wide range of possibilities to concretely measure all of the involved factors. From this perspective, this paper attempts to define the concept of ur- ban habitability as one of the factors that promotes quality of life within the urban spaces.


Rome's great epigraphic walls are no longer highlighted in the guidebooks, the long hallway of niches of the Vatican Lapidaria, the letters rubbed with red in the Sistine Rooms, the plaques in the Capitoline, the portico of Santa Maria in Trastevere, San Paolo fuori le Mura. The installation of the fasti within the Capitoline Museums is not notably significant in Michelangelo's career, but it was probably decisive for setting the vogue for epigraphic walls throughout Europe. There may have been earlier epigraphic walls in Brescia, or Pisa, or Spoleto, but Michelangelo's installation at the Capitoline was the most prominent one. The other practice that illustrates the quotational structure of epigraphic walls is the use of language in contemporary art. Epigraphic walls are "The peoples fable, and the spoyle of all. Epigraphic walls are where the archivist, inscription, and audiences meet, and define where we really live. Keywords: Capitoline; fasti ; Michelangelo's marble blog; picture language; Rome's epigraphic walls


During the past year, hundreds of volunteers have given their time to review submitted manuscripts, offering comments on organization and clarity, checking accuracy and definitions, and scrutinizing visual aids or ancillary materials.


We report a wide-field Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy technique based on non-phasematching illumination and imaging systems. This technique is based on a non-collinear sample illumination by broad laser beams and recording image of sample at anti-Stokes wavelength using full-frame image detector. An amplified Ti:Sapphire laser and an Optical Parametric Amplifier (OPA) provided picosecond pump and Stokes beams with energies sufficient for CARS generation in an area of 100 μm in diameter. The whole field of view of the microscope was illuminated simultaneously by the pump and Stokes beams, and CARS signal was recorded onto a cooled CCD, with resolution determined by the microscope objective. Several illumination schemes and several types of thin sample preparations have been explored. We demonstrated that CARS image of a 100x100 μm sample can be recorded with submicrometer spatial resolution using just a few laser pulses of microJoule energies.


The spindle shaft of heavy load deflection angle milling head is an important functional component of 5-axis CNC machine tool, which has characteristics of high torque and high power, used for large and complex free-form surface processing. The spindle shaft is modeled as Timoshenko's beam by including the centrifugal force and gyroscopic effects. The effects on inherent characteristic of the spindle shaft of heavy load deflection angle milling head are analyzed owing to axial force and spindle shaft speed. Simultaneously, numerical solution of spindle shaft is gotten. And, the numerical results are well agree with the exact modeling, which illustrates that the theoretical modeling of spindle shaft is correct and the exact dynamic characteristics of spindle shaft is obtained. The analytical modeling results of spindle shaft are effective and helpful for design and improvement of spindle shaft of heavy load deflection angle milling head.


Streaming detection is a new ultrasonic technique proposed to distinguish fluid-filled lesions, or cysts, from solid lesions in the breast. In this technique, high intensity ultrasound pulses are used to induce acoustic streaming in cyst fluid, and this motion is detected using flow estimation methods. Results from a pilot clinical study were presented previously in which acoustic streaming was successfully induced and detected in six of seven known cystic lesions in vivo. However, the detected velocities were fairly slow (less than 4 cm/sec), and in some cases the velocities were only detected intermittently. We have conducted finite element simulations and phantom experiments with the goal of increasing the induced acoustic streaming velocity while minimizing patient exposure. Parameters that have been studied include: intensity, transmit aperture size and cyst diameter. We have also investigated the use of clutter filters with optimal slow flow detection capabilities. Results from these studies are presented along with their implications for future implementation of streaming detection.


Excessive accumulation of the heavy metal zinc is cytotoxic. As a consequence, cellular vulnerability to zinc‐induced injury may be regulated by the abundance of proteins that maintain intracellular free zinc concentrations ([Zn2+]i). In this study, we overexpressed the zinc‐binding protein metallothionein‐II (MT) in astrocytes to assess its impact as (1) an acute zinc buffering mechanism, and (2) an oxidant‐releasable zinc pool. Overexpression of MT in primary astrocyte cultures was accomplished using an adenoviral vector. Using the zinc‐sensitive fluorescent indicator mag‐fura‐2, we monitored [Zn2+]i after stimulating zinc influx or oxidant treatment. With MT overexpression, we observed an acute buffering effect manifested as a dampening of stimulus‐induced increases in [Zn2+]i. In contrast, we also saw enhanced zinc release with application of the sulfhydryl oxidizing agent 2,2′‐dithiodipyridine. These results indicate that overexpression of a zinc‐binding protein can quickly diminish [Zn2+]i following zinc influx, but elevate [Zn2+]i under conditions of oxidative stress, providing protective yet potentially endangering effects. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The invention relates to antistatic or electrically conductive thermoset polyurethanes containing conductive carbon nanotubes, a process for their preparation and their use for the production of coatings, for example, rollers, rolls and wheels.


Art + Shanghai will hold a solo exhibitionof Tian Taiquan' s photography called"Memories and Truth" through the end ofJanuary 2008.


Background: Children who undergo surgical operations may experience preoperative anxiety and they needed to both physical and psychological preparation. The aim: the study aimed to determine the effect of virtual reality application on preoperative anxiety levels among children undergoing surgery. Subject and Methods: Design: A quasi-experimental research design was utilized to achieve the study's aim. Setting: The study was applied in the General Pediatric Surgical Unit at Sohag University Hospital. Sample: A purposive sample of 100 children aged from 4-8 years was included, randomly assigned equally into a study and control group (The study group involved 50 children, who used virtual reality technology and 50 children in the control group using routine care only. Two tools were used to collect data: (I) Interview Structured Questionnaire developed by the researchers and (II) State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Results: The study result showed that preoperative anxiety scores were lower among children after the virtual reality application than among children in the control group. There were highly statistically significant differences detected between the total mean score of anxiety scores in the pretest and posttest before surgery (P=0.000).


to the drive for the four modernizations. In a bid to gain the support of China's intellectuals, counter bureaucratic inertia, and foster technological growth, criticism of the Cultural Revolution has been permitted, a greater foreign presence has been tolerated, and the bounds of artistic and cultural expression have certainly been expanded. But the regime has sought to keep that criticism, presence, and expression within limits deemed necessary to maintain stability and discipline. The resultant cultural policies (which, to repeat, provide the context for the performing arts) have by no means been as consistent or permissive as Mackerras' general treatment suggests. The recent sharp attacks on certain literary works (most prominently, Ku Han) are, I believe, reflective of tensions in Party policy that have been present throughout much of the post-Mao period. They do not reflect regime concerns that have suddenly surfaced. In this sense the correlation between the role of ideology in economics and in culture made by the author can be misleading. There have been signs in recent years that some Chinese leaders—most prominently Deng Xiaoping—have become concerned over the cultural fallout of policies intended to economically transform China. The debates and struggles behind the changing policies provide an intriguing picture of regime and intellectuals alike trying to deal with the cultural ramifications of economic development in a country still deeply affected by the profound trauma of the Cultural Revolution. Mackerras' failure to elaborate on this set of questions not only makes for an incomplete picture of the post-Mao era, it also undercuts his achievement of the second goal he set for himself—that of linking the post-Mao resurgence in the performing arts with the changing sociopolitical configuration of China. Nonetheless, the strong individual chapters on music, opera, theater, and the cinema provide the reader with a sophisticated sampler of post-Mao developments in these fields. Even with its shortcomings, this book represents a real achievement. It is a perceptive and sensitive introduction to the nature and content of the performing arts in post-Mao China.


MSM alloys, especially Ni-Mn-Ga alloys have been studied extensively for almost two decades. Their remarkable properties make them very promising for use in various electromagnetic (EM) devices, notably in actuators and sensors. However, at present there are no well-established design methodologies for MSM-based devises. This paper proposes a design methodology that uses commercially available EM modelling software and just a small amount of experimental data for its implementation. It allows reliable actuator modelling and performance evaluation without needing to calculate the magnetic field-induced stresses.


Our poster presents a research in progress conducted together with a FTSE 100 company aiming at reaching a higher level of maturity of their ITPPM process. This process was redesigned according to best practices and analyzed using the CommonKADS methodology. This work uncovered important shortcomings in the knowledge related to project and portfolio risk management. To enable appropriate understanding and management of risk at project and portfolio level, we designed a model for risk analysis which led us to specification, deployment (integration in the company's ITPPM portal) and evaluation of a risk Knowledge Base (KB).


The qualitative behavior of the solution x of the equation x(f) = /c|p(f) J A(t s)x(s) ds j|/(f) + | a(t s)x(s) ds j, t > 0 is studied. This equation arises in the study of the spread of an infectious disease that does not induce permanent immunity.


Objective To observe the effect of duodenal endoluminal sleeve (ELS)on.glucose metabolism of non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)rats.Methods 24 male spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were randomly divided into surgery group(ELS,n =12)and sham-operated group (SO,n =12).Fasting plasma glucose(FPG) levels of the 2 groups were observed before surgery(0 weeks),or on 1 st,3rd 6th,12th,and 24th week after surgery.Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was performed before surgery (0 weeks),or on 6th and 24th week after surgery.Blood glucose versus time curve was depicted and glucose tolerance area under the curve(AUC)was calculated.Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)concentration levels were measured 2 hours after glucose load.Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in various indicators before surgery.For ELS group,FPG level significantly decreased on 1 st,3rd 6th,12th,and 24th week after surgery (Fintra-group =5.982,P < 0.01)compared with that before surgery.AUC and blood glucose peak were both loweron 6th and 24th week after surgery than those before surgery (Fintya-group =11.602,P =0.003).OGTT glucose peak reduced to 30 minutes from the original 60 minutes.GLP-1 level significantly increased after glucose load (Fintra-group =43.24,P < 0.05) ; All the index of SO group had no significant change.Conclusion Duodenal ELS has effect on blood glucose control and glucose tolerance improvement in non-obese T2DM rats.

Key words:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus;  Duodenum;  Cavity casing;  Blood glucose


Objective:To study the impacts of mPEG-SPA modification on structure,function and conservation of erythrocytes.Method:Four types of erythrocytes were modified with mPEG-SPA(20 kD,2 mmol/L),stored according to ingredient blood storage requirements,and PH value,K+ concentration,Na+ concentration,osmotic fragility,plasma free hemoglobin,activity of acetylcholine esterase,contents of ATP,contents of 2,3-DPG and oxygen saturation(P50)were detected at day 1,7,14,21,28,and 35 of conservation period.Result:There were significant differences in PH value,K+ concentration,osmotic fragility,plasma free hemoglobin,contents of ATP,contents of 2,3-DPG and oxygen saturation(P50)of erythrocytes after mPEG-SPA modification.Conclusion:Most structure and function indexes of erythrocytes with mPEG modification could remain normal during certain conservation period,but plasma free hemoglobin would increase greatly,which could lay a good foundation for studying the clinical use of erythrocytes with mPEG modification.


Objective To establish methods of isolation and culture for fetal liver nonparenchymal mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs), and observe morphological, cytobiology and phenotypes characteristics of NPMSCs in order to provide MSCs resource.Methods Fetal liver NPMSCs were isolated and cultured with cell culture technique in vitro; the characteristics of proliferation and growth of fetal liver NPMSCs were investigated with MTT and image analysis. The phenotypes characteristics of NPMSCs were identified by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry.Results Ten thousands ±2 000 adherent cells were obtained from each fetus liver, there were 5-10 rapidly proliferative colonies. Cells of origin culture and serial subcultivation grew slowly. Serial subcultivation was conducted on the basis of 1 to 3 ratio, the average period of serial subcultivation was 8-10 d, cells were purified after serial subcultivation, the amount of cells could reach to 10 9 cells after 10 serial subcultivations. The phenotype characteristics of NPMSCs was CD166 positive and CD34 negative. Serial subcultivation NPMSCs expressed minute amount of AFP and did not express ALB.Conclusion There are certain amount of MSCs in nonparenchymal cell of liver and may be as seeds cells. Serial subcultivation NPMSCs did not differentiate to hepatocyte-like cell under common culture condition.


The orientation of fibers in the layers is an important factor that must be obtained in order to predict how well the finished composite product will perform under real-world working conditions. In this research, a five-layer glass-epoxy composite truncated cone structure under buckling load was considered. The simulation of the structure was done utilizing finite element method and was confirmed comparing with the published experimental results. Then the effect of different orientation of fibers on the buckling load was considered. For this, a computer programing was developed to compute the buckling load for different orientations of fibers in each layer. These orientations were produced randomly with the delicacy of 15 degrees. Finally, neural network and genetic algorithm methods were utilized to obtain the optimum orientations of fibers in each layer using the training data obtained from finite element simulation. There are many parameters such as the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons in each hidden layer, the training algorithm, the activation function and so on which must be specified properly in development of a neural network model. The number of hidden layers and number of neurons in each layer was obtained by try and error method. In this study, multilayer back-propagation (BP) neural network with the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm (trainlm) was used. Finally, the results showed that the truncated cone with optimum layers withstand considerably more buckling load.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing light stone paper. The method comprises the following steps: pelleting stone paper raw material and adding a foaming agent into parts of the raw materials; molding by virtue of a paper membrane manufacturing machine, and dragging the molded raw materials to foam at a height permitted roller; and carrying out cooling, side scraping and rolling on the foamed paper membrane, thus the light stone paper is manufactured. Because the interior of the light stone paper produced by the method provided by the invention has a blank hole structure, the purpose of reducing the gram weight of the stone paper is achieved; and simultaneously the excellent mechanical property of the common stone paper is maintained basically, and the tensile strength, bursting strength and tearing-resistance performance of the stone paper are still superior to those of the traditional fiber paper.


A Raman spectroscopy study on high quality single crystals of SrCr2 As2 (SCA) in the temperature T range 4 K < T < 300 K and high applied magnetic fields up to H = 9 T is presented. The chromium B 1g phonon analysis reveals two anomalous shifts in the frequency, the first below T = 250 K at H = 0 T in the saturated AFM G-type order likely due to an enhanced electron–phonon coupling by the magnetic order, whereas the second anomaly occurs above H = 4 T at T = 4 K likely as a consequence of a magnetostructural displacive transition. Renormalization of the electronic Raman spectra in both studies reveals a decrease in the electronic density of states with decreasing T and increasing H, respectively, with consequent changes in the Fermi surface, which are intrinsically related to the observed anomalies.


some structure, chromatin, and the hormonal control of gene expression. Dr Maclean writes with enthusiasm and has arranged his material in a style which is easy to read. He explains difficult concepts clearly and because he tabulates a lot of his material and summarizes difficult areas well the book is particularly easy to read. It might, therefore, have considerable appeal to students and research graduates entering this difficult field. This must depend, of course, on how well the author has managed to synthesize and balance the information from the wide area that he has attempted to cover, and when examined in this light this reviewer has certain reservations. It is perhaps invidious to examine in detail any particular section of a book that covers such a broad field but since the author says that he has dealt with haemoglobin in some detail as it is his particular area of interest, perhaps it would be fair to look at this topic more closely. Unfortunately there are many faults with this section both in emphasis and fact. The account of the control of haemoglobin synthesis and erythroid differentiation is rather disjointed and the references cited are often out of date and seem to have been selected on rather an ad hoc basis. Much of the exciting information about the organization of the human haemoglobin genes and about the structure and function of human messenger RNA is not dealt with at all. Most of what is known about the control of human haemoglobin production has come from the study of abnormal haemoglobin synthesis and this is not mentioned. Furthermore, on page 74 it says that the genes for human ,B and a chains are closely linked when it has been known for many years that these genes must be at some considerable distance apart and are probably on separate chromosomes. On page 59 we read that substantial production of fetal haemoglobin may be induced in adult life by sudden anaemia or 'even by pregnancy'. On page 70 it says that , globin is only released from polysomes in the presence of a globin; there is, of course, abundant evidence that this is not the case. On page 88 a 1963 paper is quoted as presenting evidence for linkage between the human P and y chain genes. In fact the paper dealt with the problem of P-8 linkage. The jl-y linkage was not established until Huisman's work 10 years later. These uncritical or incorrect statements tend to produce an unbalanced account of the subject and so reduce its value to the reader coming to the area for the first time. Similarly, the section on erythropoietin is rather out of date and the fascinating relation of other hormones to erythropoiesis are not discussed at all. A similar lack of balance and unevenness of approach and bibliography is found in the account of immunoglobulins. As mentioned already it is clear that Dr Maclean has set himself a very ambitious task and it is not surprising, therefore, that he has not succeeded completely. He certainly has produced a lively and readable account of a very difficult field. His book may be a 'way in' for a newcomer to the field to a more detailed and critical evaluation of some of the areas that it covers. However, because of its errors and unevenness of emphasis, the book cannot be recommended as an alternative to the many published reviews which deal with each of its component parts in a way which is better balanced and more critical. D. J. WEATHERALL


Objective To explore the change of the position of the thinnest corneal point before and after LASIK with the pentacam measurement to provide the reference for the surgery design.Methods The position of the thinnest corneal point and the distance from the thinnest corneal point to the corneal vertex of 70 cases (140 eyes) were measured with the Pentacam before and 3 months after LASIK.The results were compared.Results The distance from the thinnest corneal point to the corneal vertex was 0.617±0.188mm before LASIK and 0.359±0.162mm 3 months after LASIK,there was a significant between two measurement results (P <0.001),the distance from the thinnest corneal point to the pupil center was 0.656±0.188mm before LASIK and 0.303±0.155mm 3 months after LASIK,there was also a significant between two measurement results (P <0.001).The thinnest point of cornea was mostly located in the inferotemporal of the comeal vertex according for 84.29% before LASIK and according for 51.43% after LASIK.it moved to the superonasal of 0.258 ± 0.187mm based on the comeal vertex and it moved to the superonasal of 0.353±0.208mm based on the pupil center,there was a significant differences between the two sets of results (P<0.001).Conclusions The thinnest point of cornea is located in the corneal vertex and pupil center's inferotemporal before and after LASIK.The thinnest point of cornea is closer to the corneal vertex than the pupil center before LASIK,but it is closer to the pupil center than the corneal vertex after LASIK.The thinnest point of cornea trends to move the superonasal after LASIK.

Key words:
Cornea ;  Pupil ;  Laser in situ keratomileusis ;


The good spatial-frequencial localization characteristics of wavelet transform make the energy of image congregate mostly in lower frequency subimage. This paper utilizes the property of the asymmetrical energy distribution on different multiresolution levels, and introduces a method which is called multiresolution levels compression (MLC) to process the image on the levels of different multiresolution. By the estimate and studying of the quantization coefficients during wavelet transform on every decomposed level, the experiment can get the best quantization coefficient for any particular level. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate that a method of higher compression rate is implemented. In the experiment, the best quantization coefficient of every level is determined by the data analysis of human. For the aim to process huge amount of images such as the images from the Internet, the technology of artificial intelligence and machine learning can be used to let the computer use MLC method by studying a certain number of image examples and then process more images automatically. The ability to use the MLC method would also improve according to the amount of images the computer has studied. This is the new direction to perform in the near future.


Using the symbolism of the way, the narrative of the Gospel according to Mark compels its reader to pursue a transformative itinerary in of identification with the narrative's main character, Jesus Christ. As the topic of the Markan "way" as a symbol of identification has received scarce scholarly attention, this study begins by defining the key concepts of the way and the symbol, followed by a textual inquiry that relies on a narrative analysis. The ensuing theological analysis finds that through its symbolic power, the "way" serves as both an appeal to comprehend the Lord's own way and an ethical calling to follow. The Markan "way" points to a disciple's ongoing quest of identification with Jesus as a transformative and self-effacing path to God who is Himself this way.


Although, SiC/SiC composites are very attractive for applications at high-temperature including advanced nuclear fusion/fission plants, their high material cost has been one of biggest issues to be utilized. In the neutron irradiation environments, high crystallinity of SiC fibers and matrix is essential to stabilize the mechanical properties, but the expensive crystallized SiC fibers may enhance the cost of material. As a potential option from the cost down aspect, utilization of amorphous SiC fibers was planned. This paper concerns about the radiation damage tolerance of SiC/SiC with amorphous SiC fibers as starting reinforcing fibers. The crystallization procedure of amorphous SiC fibers was investigated during thermal treatments, and a new NITE-SiC/SiC, called as IC-NITE (IC stands for "in-situ" crystallized), composite was produced. Its radiation damage behaviour and microstructural stability were examined by a heavy ion irradiation experiment and TEM.


In a continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system, strong Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen entangled states can significantly boost the robustness and distance for secure communication. However, an inevitable bias of two entanglement quadratures may degrade the secret key rate and distance during random quadrature base switching. The bias originates from several interdependent factors in the generation, propagation, and detection of entangled states, which faces a challenge to be completely eliminated. Here, we analyze in detail the origin of the bias effect and report on a scheme of generating unbiased entangled states, whereby a − 10.7 ± 0.1 dB quadrature noise unbiased entanglement is first generated experimentally with two single-mode squeezed states. The unbiased quadrature correlations within the measurement bandwidth are expected to immensely enhance the key rate and secure distance for CV-QKD.


The purpose of this study was to assess the financial performance accountability of Bondowoso local government using a measurement value for money that is based on three main elements, namely the economy, efficiency and effectiveness of the local budget (APBD). Beside, it is for analyze the results of LAKIP and LHP that given by BPK for Bondowoso Local Government Fiscal Report on 2009 and 2010 Period. This study uses secondary data obtained from LAKIP and The Performance of Bondowoso local goverment Fiscal Report on 2009 and 2010 Period. The results of this study demonstrate for the economic level of the Bondowoso local government still less because some of the accomplishments of the levies that are not appropriate with the settled budget. As for the level of efficiency and effectiveness of Bondowoso local government able to achieve good results because revenue targets are achieved.


Hemoglobin Koelliker (α2 minus 141 Arg β2) in Favism G. Schilirò A. Russo N. Azzia M.S. Digiacomo S. Musumeci G. Russo G. Schilirò, A. Russo, N. Azzia, M.S.S. Digiacomo, S. Musumeci, G. Russo, First Pediatric Clinic, University of Catania, Italy In 1965 Marti [1] first observed a new 'pseu-doabnormaΓ hemoglobin moving slightly faster than HbA in plasma and urine of patients with acute hemolysis of different etiologies. This hemoglobin, later called Koelliker, results from the action of a plasma carboxypeptidase which is capable of removing the C-terminal 141-arginine of the alpha-chain [2]. A massive hemolysis with saturation of haptoglobin is the condition which allows the enzymatic action on free plasmatic hemoglobin, leading to Hb Koelliker. Samples of plasma and urine from 10 patients with acute hemolysis of favism were studied by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate in glycine buffer at pH 9. In all cases plasma contained a fast-moving fraction (more than 50% of the normal hemoglobin) which is likely to be Hb Koelliker. The same hemoglobin fraction was found in the urine. Electrophoresis of plasma stored at room temperature for 24 h after mechanical hemolysis showed the same hemoglobin fraction, using either HbA or HbF, HbS and HbG San José. It seems that formation of Hb Koelliker is a general phenomenon occurring during massive hemolysis, when free normal or abnormal hemoglobins are present in plasma. References Marti, H.R.: A new pseudoabnormal hemoglobin in hemolytic anemias. Experientia 21: 199–200 (1965). Marti, H.R.; Beale, D,; Lehmann, H.: Haemoglobin Koelliker. A new acquired haemoglobin appearing after severe haemolysis: a¿ minus 141 Arg ßz. Acta haemat. 37: 174–180 (1967).


Patients with follicular lymphoma who relapse after an autologous stem cell transplant have a poor prognosis. A number of studies and clinical guidelines have suggested that a reduced intensity allogeneic SCT (RICalloSCT) may be reasonably employed in this setting. However, the published data describing the outcome of RICalloSCT in this setting is limited. We have therefore conducted an analysis of a large cohort of patients undergoing RICalloSCT for FL relapsing after an autoSCT. Methods This was a retrospective analysis from the Lymphoma Working Party of the EBMT. Eligible patients had a diagnosis of FL, were aged 18-70 and had relapsed after a prior autoSCT. Tandem transplants, cord blood transplants and mismatched unrelated transplants were excluded. Data analyses was performed using Kaplan Meier estimates and cumulative incidence analyses. Results 309 patients were identified with a median age at diagnoses of 44 (range 21-69). 209 were male and 100 female and the stage at diagnoses was stage I 5%, stage II 8%, stage III 22% and stage IV n=62% and 24% of patients had B symptoms at diagnosis. The median time from diagnosis to RICalloSCT was 62 months (range 11-253 months). All patients had undergone a prior autoSCT at a median of 23 months (range 4-158 months) prior to the RICalloSCT. The patients had received a median of 4 lines (range 3-10) of therapy prior to the RICalloSCT. At the time of transplant 77.5% of patients had chemosensitive disease and 16% had chemoresistant disease, 2% were in untested relapse. All patients received a reduced intensity conditioned allogeneic SCT from either a sibling 42%, matched unrelated donor 53% or mismatched sibling donor 5%. The performance status at transplant was good in 96% of patients. 95% of patients engrafted and 4% of patients died prior to engraftment. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD was 29.5% and chronic GVHD 51.9%. With a median follow up of 33.5 months for surviving patients the non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 9% at 100 days, 19% at 1 year and 25% at 5 years. The NRM was significantly higher in patients over the age of 50 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.8, CI 1.1-3.1, p=0.03) and in those receiving an unrelated donor transplant (HR 1.7, CI 1.0-3.0, p=0.05). The relapse/progression rate was 20% at 2 years and 30% at 5 years and was significantly lower in patients with chemosensitive disease at transplantation (HR 0.46, CI 0.26-0.78, p=0.005). The 2 year and 5 year progression free survival (PFS) was 57% and 45% respectively and was significantly better in patients with chemosensitive disease at transplant (HR 0.56, CI 0.38-0.81 p=0.002). Older patients (>50) had a significantly worse PFS (HR1.62, CI 1.11-2.36, p=0.012). The 2 and 5 year overall survival was 62% and 53% respectively and was significantly worse in patients over the age of 50 (HR 2.01, CI 1.34-3.03, p=0.001). Conclusion This is the largest cohort of patients with follicular lymphoma undergoing a RICalloSCT following failure of a prior autologous SCT. This data suggests that a RICalloSCT is an effective salvage strategy in this setting particularly in younger patients with chemosensitive disease at transplant. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Abstract Using a psychological control (placebo) and a balanced experimental design to secure unequivocal results, it was found that pre-exercise massage yielded 2.6 percent improvement in the vertical jumping performance of 36 college men. The amount of improvement was twice as large in the fifth and sixth trials as in the preceding jumps of the six-trial test series. The average jump (48.8 cm.) and the test-retest reliability (r = .94) agreed closely with previous studies using the Henry jumping apparatus. During the six jumps of the first day (without massage), the practice effect caused 3.6 percent improvement, but there was no significant practice effect during the second or third day of testing or between three successive days spaced one week apart.


In view of sediment deposition in the yellow river irrigation areas, a new pre-pushing double-cone rotary dredging device is described in detail in the paper, and the main structure is analyzed by finite element method. By hydraulic-driving technology and rotary stir-scour principle, the device can stir sediment deposition at the bottom of channel to turn into turbid muddy water, which can be washed away by water flow to complete dredging operation of irrigation channel.


At what age do girls gain the maturity to make sexual choices? This question provokes especially vexed debates in India, where early marriage is a widespread practice. India has served as a focal problem site in NGO campaigns and intergovernmental conferences setting age standards for sexual maturity. Over the last century, the country shifted the legal age of marriage from twelve, among the lowest in the world, to eighteen, at the high end of the global spectrum.
Ashwini Tambe illuminates the ideas that shaped such shifts: how the concept of adolescence as a sheltered phase led to delaying both marriage and legal adulthood; how the imperative of population control influenced laws on marriage age; and how imperial moral hierarchies between nations provoked defensive postures within India. Tambe's transnational feminist approach to legal history shows how intergovernmental debates influenced Indian laws and how expert discourses in India changed UN terminology about girls. Ultimately, the well-meaning focus on child marriage became tethered less to the well-being of girls themselves and more to parents' interests, population control targets, and the preservation of national reputation.


The Semantic Web enables people and computers to interact and exchange information. Based on Semantic Web technologies, different machine learning applications have been designed. Particularly to emphasize is the possibility to create complex metadata descriptions for any problem domain, based on pre-defined ontologies. In this paper we evaluate the use of a semantic similarity measure based on pre-defined ontologies as an input for a classification analysis. A link prediction between actors of a social network is performed, which could serve as a recommendation system. We measure the prediction performance based on an ontology-based metadata modeling as well as a feature vector modeling. The findings demonstrate that the prediction accuracy based on ontology-based metadata is comparable to traditional approaches and shows that data mining using ontology-based metadata can be considered as a very promising approach.


The traditional lecture can be enhanced by including active learning designed to further course goals of learning knowledge, developing skills, or fostering attitudes.


Experiments in combination with diffusion-kinetic modeling incorporating track structure simulations are used to examine the radiation chemistry of aqueous systems containing chlorinated hydrocarbons. Irradiations with both Co-60 gamma rays and alpha particles are employed in order to simulate typical mixed radiation environments encountered in waste management. The goal is to determine fundamental mechanisms, kinetics, and yields for the formation of potentially explosive gases and corrosive agents, such as H2 and HCl, respectively, in the radiolysis of water-organic mixtures. The radiation chemical systems studied are found throughout the DOE portfolio and are important in radioactive waste remediation and management.


The development of sandstone structural landforms (rock towers and mesas) in the Monegros area (Huesca Province, Central Ebro Basin) is analyzed. Rock slopes are partially covered by extensive talus deposit remnants. Sandstone cliff faces often show tafoni, alveoles, honeycomb weathering and gnammas. These microweathering features are related to intense weathering processes (wetting and drying and salt crystallization and solution) controlled by low sandstone durability, microphytic crusts action and semiarid environmental conditions. Moreover, sand-size particles from granular disintegration may be carried away by the wind and produce aeolian accumulations.