D divisions among clinicians and families about goals for patient care represent one of the most troubling situations that occur in the critical care setting. Patients, families, and clinicians struggle to balance their competing values and obligations in a way that fosters their integrity. Ideally, in such situations, relationships are cultivated and preserved throughout the process, and flexibility, understanding, and respect are demonstrated. In the end, both families and health care professionals are able to go on after the situation has ended, with the confidence and reassurance that the right thing was done in the face of uncertainty, intense emotions, and possibly death. Such best case scenarios involve (1) ongoing, respectful discussions about the patient's/surrogate's goals for treatment; (2) clarity about how decisions will be made and by whom; (3) exploration of the meaning of quality of life, death, and disability; (4) exploration of differences and examination of assumptions; and (5) a process that allows all parties to maintain their integrity regardless of the outcome. Key features of these cases involve clear and trustworthy communication, time to discover the ethically permissible and clinically appropriate actions, and the ability to be fully present with the situation and its participants. Unfortunately, this ideal reality is often elusive in the critical care setting. In contrast, a more common and disturbing process often ensues: The patient/family requests the continuation of therapies that the team deems as either disproportionately burdensome or futile. Then, the family or patient's surrogate disagrees with these recommendations and demands that all treatments be continued, despite mounting evidence that the loved one's condition may not improve or that death is impending. In response to these demands, clinicians sometimes adopt a stance of trying to convince the patient/family that the treatments being provided are not actually beneficial and may be harmful, or that continuing or adding therapy violates clinical, ethical, or legal guidelines. Often each interaction of this process becomes focused on getting the patient or family to see things from the clinician's perspective and to agree to a AACN Advanced Critical Care


Abstract Both low molecular weight compounds and some polyelectrolytes containing quaternary nitrogen atoms in their structure have been known for some time to possess important biological activity. Aliphatic ammonium compounds are used as bacteriocides and muscle relaxants, and quinolinium compounds have recently been found to be excellent antileukemic agents. In addition, a considerable amount of evidence has been accumulated to show that organic ammonium salts combine with heparin, and the resulting complex may be used as a coating to render polymers blood-compatible. However, the introduction of ammonium groups into the backbone of a polymer exhibiting good mechanical properties offers certain advantages.


Photoreflectance and photoluminescence were used to study GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (QWs) as they were partially intermixed using SiO2 capped rapid thermal annealing. As the annealing temperature was increased, the experimental photoreflectance results showed spectral features moving to higher energies and merging to form broad peaks. This is explained by changes in the shapes of the originally square wells, which result in a convergence of their subbands around certain energies. The interpretation of these changes showed that the partially intermixed QWs were well described by an error‐function profile.


"Mwanamke Shughuli" A recent approach to understanding local uses of the environment proposes to look at the environment as "a context through which cultural constructions of both environment and gender are created and recreated" (Leach 1992 :76). This paper examines the various ways in which women in particular participate in the construction and reconstruction of the coastal environment, influenced by individual understandings of power. Through these understandings, women modify local disc...


The synthesis of novel |3.1.0| bicyclic cyclopropylamines from differently substituted amino acids using Ti(II)-mediated coupling and the extension of this methodology to provide |4.1.0| systems is described.


Electromagnetic (or microwave) encoders are chains of inclusions (metallic, dielectric or apertures) on top of a dielectric substrate containing a certain identification (ID) code. Contrary to optical encoders, the ID code in electromagnetic encoders is obtained through microwaves. For that purpose, metamaterial-inspired transmission lines based on resonant elements constitute an interesting option, due to their small size and specific characteristics. This paper briefly reviews several strategies for the design of microwave encoders, including the readers, and points out some potential applications. The paper ends by presenting a prototype useful for motion control applications, where the encoders are implemented by screen-printing a metallic pattern (encoder chains) on a polycarbonate substrate.


The Spanish rural population has fallen considerably in the last thirty years. In 1900 the rural population (living in villages of 3000 inhabitants or less) was 6.87 million (37 per cent of the total population). In 1993 the same population had dropped to 7 per cent (2.81 million) and at the beginning of the next century it will be 2.1 million. The rural depopulation has been due to the large scale emigration to the cities between 1950 and 1975. This has produced a demographic vacuum in most of inner Spain where the provincial capitals stand out like demographic oases. In spite of this since 1985 there has been a revitalization of the rural areas near the cities or away from them but with good access. (SUMMARY IN ENG) (EXCERPT)


During the 1950s and 1960s when formerly colonised countries embarked onthe path of development upon political independence, the main concern was economic
growth, seen as the most appropriate way to raise the general standard of living andreduce poverty in the Third World. Poverty reduction or eradication was not a directand immediate objective of these development models. Rather it was assumed thatbenefits of economic growth would trickle down to all segments of the population,create employment, raise living standards and reduce poverty (Brohman, 1995: 200).


Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory� s (LLNL� s) management assigned the responsibility of conducting TSDF audits to the Waste Certification Office in August of 1994. Prior to this date, there was no mandate for LLNL to audit waste facilities, nor was there a structured program in place for conducting the audits Program development took approximately 10 months. This included writing a TSDF Audit Procedure, writing a Quality Assurance (QA) Plan, developing the required audit check lists, and using the documentation on a trial basis. A typical TSDF audit lasted one full day using three hazardous waste specialists The QA Plan is based on the quality assurance and management system requirements of DOE Order 5700.6C (Quality Assurance) and ASME NQA-1 (Quality Assurance Program Requirements for Nuclear Facilities).


To investigate the effect of energy and helicity on the growth of magnetic field, helical kinetic forcing was applied to the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) system that had a specific distribution of energy and helicity as initial conditions. Simulation results show the saturation of a system is not influenced by the initial conditions, but the growth rate of large scale magnetic field is proportionally dependent on the initial large scale magnetic energy and helicity. It is already known that the helical component of small scale magnetic field(i.e., current helicity $ $) quenches the growth of large scale magnetic field. However, $ $ can also boost the growth of large scale magnetic field by changing its sign and magnitude. In addition, simulation shows the nonhelical magnetic field can suppress the velocity field through Lorentz force. Comparison of the profiles of evolving magnetic and kinetic energy indicates that kinetic energy migrates backward when the external energy flows into the three dimensional MHD system, which means the velocity field may play a preceding role in the very early MHD dynamo stage.


The invention discloses a high-power parallel switch power circuit capable of realizing adjustability and current equalization, and relates to a switch power circuit. By using a power supply expanded by parallel modules, the current equalization is realized by using a maximum current self-current-equalization method and an external current equalization controller mode, the structure is complicated, and the cost is high. The high-power parallel switch power circuit capable of realizing the adjustability and the current equalization is characterized by comprising a control circuit, wherein the control circuit comprises a current sampling unit, a voltage sampling unit, a current equalization bus unit connected with the current sampling unit, a current equalization control voltage acquisition unit, an adjustable external reference voltage unit, an adjustable external current-limiting reference voltage unit, a voltage error amplification unit and a current error amplification unit. The voltage error amplification unit comprises a first operational amplifier; and the first operational amplifier is connected with the voltage sampling unit, the current equalization bus unit, the adjustable external reference voltage unit and the current equalization control voltage acquisition unit. By adopting the technical scheme, the maximum current self current equalization can be realized by a pure hardware circuit, and a controller is not needed; furthermore, a practical circuit with adjustable output voltage can be achieved; and the high-power parallel switch power circuit is simple in structure and low in cost.


Seven sites in the Far West have produced crescents in dated contexts: of these, only two are in the Great Basin. Single dates from both Great Basin sites—the Sunshine Locality and Fort Rock Cave—suggest that crescents date to the terminal Pleistocene. Crescents from dated contexts in California suggest that they were also used during the early Holocene. We report the discovery of a crescent from a stratified, radiocarbon-dated rockshelter in southeast Oregon initially occupied ∼9600 calendar years ago (cal B.P.). Although crescents may date to the terminal Pleistocene elsewhere in the Great Basin, our find indicates that they were also used during the early Holocene. Crossover Immunoelectrophoresis analysis of the crescent produced a positive reaction for pronghorn, suggesting that the tool contacted that taxon during butchering or hafting activities.


The gold deposits, having been found in the middle belt of east Kunlun mountain, are the cryptoexplosive breccia, skarn, altered rock and quartz vein. The study shows that the metallizing in this region are controlled by the tectonization and the magmatism. The oreformation act in close coordination wifh the hypabyssal rock or dioriticporphyrite during the IndoChinese period, And the deposits are controlled by brittle faults within NWSE shear zones. The gold deposits in this area have a obvous characteristics that the oreforming elements coming from deep mineralize in the shallow depth under the middle temperature. [


The purpose of this brief report is twofold: to provide one teaching approach designed to help students and clinicians use the computing facilities available in their agencies to aid their clinical practice, and to highlight issues central to this training. The teaching model presented is based on a four-step process: Using the computer as a tool, the student moves through the process of identifying relevant practice based questions, to operationalizing these questions, to analyzing the data collected, and finally to interpreting and applying the results. This teaching innovation and our positive experience with it offers further support for the place of computers in a clinical practice curriculum and serves as a useful reference to other individuals, institutions, or agencies that are planning to offer similar training.


1. A process for preparing hydrocarbon fractions which can be used as a diesel fuel or diesel fuel component, based on the mixture of biological origin, comprising fatty acid esters and optionally comprising free fatty acids, which comprises the following steps: 1) hydrodeoxygenation organic mixture; ! 2) hydroisomerization mixture obtained in step (1), after a possible treatment for purification, wherein said hydroisomerization is carried out in the presence of a catalyst system, which includes! a) a carrier of acid nature, comprising completely amorphous micro-mesoporous silica-alumina having a molar ratio SiO2 / Al2O3 ranging from 30 to 500, a surface area above 500 m2 / g, pore volume in the range from 0.3 to 1.3 ml / g, an average pore diameter lower than 40 A,! b) a metal component comprising one or more metals from group VIII, optionally mixed with one or more metals of Group VIB. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture is of biological origin is a mixture of vegetable or animal origin. ! 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid esters contained in the mixtures of biological origin are fatty acid triglycerides, in which the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acid contains from 12 to 24 carbon atoms and is mono- or polyunsaturated. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixture of biological origin can be selected from vegetable oils, vegetable fats, animal fats, fish oils or mixtures thereof. ! 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the vegetable oil or fat may originate from plants selected posreds


The article provides an overview of issues of collective memory, analysis of the approaches of foreign researchers to interpret of this phenomenon. In particular, it covers the following subject areas: historical memory and group identity, constructivist and primordialist interpretation of the phenomenon of historical memory, historical memory in the postmodern situation, the politics of memory and memory conflicts, historical memory and socio-political crises, institutions of memory.


Due to optical coherence tomography (OCT) high spatial and temporal resolution, this technique could be used to observe the quick changes in the refractive index that accompany action potential. In this study we explore the use of time domain Optical Coherence Tomography (TD-OCT) for real time action potential detection in ex vivo Xenopus Laevis sciatic nerve. TD-OCT is the easiest and less expensive OCT technique and, if successful in detecting real time action potential, it could be used for low cost monitoring devices. A theoretical investigation into the order of magnitude of the signals detected by a TD-OCT setup is provided by this work. A linear dependence between the refractive index and the intensity changes is observed and the minimum SNR for which the setup could work is found to be SNR = 2 x 104.


Water filtration is among the most widely used and extensively investigated unit operations in the field of sanitary engineering, yet a precise description of the mechanisms responsible for the removal of suspended matter relative to the physicochemical conditions existing in a filter is not at present available. The impetus for physicochemical investigation stems from the ability to separate the overall removal mechanism into two distinct steps, transport and attachment. Furthermore, these steps can be indicative of certain parameters. For instance, electrokinetic forces, which reflect the surface chemical properties of both the influent and the medi-


The B-spline R-matrix with pseudostates approach has been used to calculate excitation cross sections for the forbidden 2s22p34So–2Do, 2Po, 2s22p32Do–2Po and resonance 2s22p34So–2s22p23s4P, 2s2p44P, 2s22p24s4P and 2s22p23d4P transitions in atomic nitrogen for incident electron energies from threshold to 120 eV. The excitation of these transitions gives rise to prominent lines in the spectra of solar and planetary atmospheres. The 24 spectroscopic bound and autoionizing states together with 15 pseudostates are included in the close-coupling expansion. The pseudostates are chosen to approximate the loss of flux into the infinite number of bound and continuum states that are dipole coupled with ground configuration terms. The contribution of the ionization continuum is significant for resonance transitions. An accurate description of target wavefunctions has been obtained on the basis of non-orthogonal spectroscopic and pseudo-orbitals to adequately account for the correlation corrections and interactions. A comparison of calculated cross sections with the measured absolute direct excitation cross sections is presented. A good agreement with measured integral cross sections is noted except at 5 eV for the forbidden transition and 30 eV for the resonance transitions.


Astronomy can lay rightful claim to being the oldest science, with its foundations dating back even further than those of mathematics. From the ancient Babylonians who observed the regular motions of Venus to medieval Islamic scholars who had the first inklings of heliocentrism, the study of the skies has fascinated humankind. But 2009 – the International Year of Astronomy – commemorates an event central to the development of Western science: Galileo Galilei's first observations with a telescope in 1609. This year also marks the 400th anniversary of Johannes Kepler's Astronomia Nova, in which he outlined his laws of planetary motion.


PE%K:Er/EDBE%{EFrrS(}FjUNDEUtRRIERSTOC(INTINTn}Wj]aDlK:AT10T4 AMONG HOSPITAL EMPLOYED REGISTERED NURSES By Jacqueline A. Dean The purpose of this study was to expand on the body of knowledge related to the reasons far participation and non-participation in continuing education (CE). The study examined the relationship between Registaed Nurses (RNs) perceived beneGts of and perceived barriers to CE and their reported participation in CE programs. The Health Belief Model is the theoretical framework utilized for this study, with the variables of perceived beneGts and perceived barriers in parGcular. This was a secondary analysis of data coGected in a descripGve correlaGonal study where RNs employed in two acute care hospitals in the Midwest were surveyed. DescripGve staGsGcs were used to identify the perceived beneGts of and barners to CE and to describe the sample. A weak but signiGcant relaGonship was G)und between perceived beneGts and nuntber o f continuing educaGon units (CEUs). A weak negaGve relaGonship was found between barriers and number of CEUs. No sigruGcant relaGonship was G)und between beneGts, barriers and academic credits. BeneGts and barriers that were identiGed in this study to be more inGuenGal supported the existing literature. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


Two children of the same sex, almost of equal age, and suffering from the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome were followed up for a period of seven years. One of the children was subjected to a systematic treatment with vitamins C and A, Lipovitan, sulphuric mineral waters, and kinesitherapy. The non-treated child is serving as control person for the treated one. Thus it has been possible to evaluate the efficacy of the therapy administered to the first child and also to state the osseous progressive changes in the non-treated child.


Nowadays, a constant concern with the quality level of the educative/educational offers in Institutions of Higher Education is verifiable. In order to accomplish that, they should acquire the capacity/capability to adapt to the new characteristics of their target audience and the new communication and information technologies that emerge every day. In such context, and as an answer to the upcoming demands, ISCAP (School of Accounting and Administration has initiated a project called PAOL – Projecto de Apoio On-Line (On-Line Support Project). Its main goal is to provide support to the implementation of computer assisted teaching, it being constituted by human and material resources (software – an open source LMS, called Moodle, and hardware). This article intends to reveal the knowledge acquired throughout the experience in the use of the LMS Moodle at ISCAP, in the second semester of the 2004/2005 school year.


Phenotypic tests, PCR analysis, and DNA sequencing were used to determine the frequency of S. aureus in a healthy student population. Sterile swabs from the nostrils were streaked on mannitol salt and blood agar. All isolates exhibiting beta hemolysis and mannitol fermentation were analyzed by using the coagulase test and Gram stain. PCR amplification of the isolates DNA detected a 273 bp DNA fragment encoding for a 16S rRNA gene. DNA sequencing and BLAST analysis of the amplified ribosomal genes demonstrated a 98% homology with S. aureus 16S rRNA genes. Six percent of the subjects were confirmed to carry S. aureus in the nares. Antimicrobial testing showed that the S. aureus isolated from a healthy population were susceptible to several antibiotics, peppermint oil, and lavender oil.


Aiming at the problem of expansive scale of expansive soils,the paper constructs a new interval incidence function. Also,it brings forward a principle of weight calculation which lies in that the clearer the symptom of the classified characteristic is,the bigger the weight is.A new computational method of variable weight is given.The maximum value of incidence function for single index is used to be the eye of target.Also the paper categorizes the sample on the basis of the degree of approaching between samples and targets.The method has been applied to determine expansive scale of expansive soils and its reasonableness and effectiveness is proved by the example.


BACKGROUND
The trajectory of liver fibrosis is not well understood in the contemporary era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy.

METHODS
We assessed the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) score, aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) in 116 women with HIV/HCV coinfection over a 4-year period. Random-effects linear regression models examined the rate of fibrosis change 1-2 years before starting HCV treatment, within 1 year before starting (peri-HCV treatment), within 1 year after and 1-2 years post-HCV treatment in unadjusted and adjusted models including age, race, and changes from pretreatment of factors that might affect fibrosis (eg, alcohol, integrase strand inhibitor [INSTI] use, waist circumference, CD4 count).

RESULTS
INSTI use nearly doubled from pre- to peri-HCV treatment. In unadjusted analysis, there was a 3.3% rate of rise in ELF pre-HCV treatment, 2.2% and 3.6% rate of decline during the peri- and 1-year post-HCV treatment period, respectively, followed by a 0.3% rise. Similar findings were observed for APRI and FIB-4. There was little effect on the estimated fibrosis trajectories after adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
The apparent lack of decline in biomarkers of liver fibrosis beyond 1 year after HCV cure suggests that continued monitoring of liver fibrosis and interventions to mitigate progression in people with HIV after HCV cure remains essential.


Four fluoromethyl polyynes, 5,5,5-trifluoro-1,3-pentadiyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CH, 7,7,7-trifluoro-1,3,5-heptatriyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CC⋮CH, 1,5,5,5-tetrafluoro-1,3-pentadiyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮CF, and 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-nitrile-2-butyne, CF3C⋮CC⋮N, were studied by pulsed-jet Fabry Perot Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The molecules were produced by pulsed high voltage discharges of dilute mixtures of precursor gases such as trifluoropropyne in an argon carrier pulsed jet. The carbon-13 and deuterium substituted isotopomers of trifluoropentadiyne were studied, and the molecular structure was determined.


The introduction of a lightweight encryption scheme in the vehicular network has improved the reliability and security of data transmission substantially among vehicles. However, it is still not guaranteed that all vehicles comply with the encryption scheme throughout the whole operation period, considering the inherent selfishness of each participant. Apart from that, the data scheduling issue is another major concern in the vehicular network due to the high-speed mobility of vehicles. To tackle these issues, a multi-objective and multi-dimensional incentive mechanism is developed in this paper to achieve privacy-aware data scheduling for vehicles. This mechanism is designed to encourage vehicles to carry out different tasks by providing relevant incentives while maximizing the overall utility of the network. Additionally, security and privacy of data transmission between vehicles and cloud servers are realized through a data perturbation approach. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed incentive mechanism is better than the traditional methods when it comes to maximizing the number of participants and completed key tasks.


SummaryMid-anthesis foliar sprays of paclobutrazol (PB) at 2.5, 1.25 and 0.62 g a.i. I-1 reduced spring growth and altered dry-matter distribution in fruiting spring shoots of 'Hass' avocado.(Persea americana Mill.) trees. There was a decrease in dry matter allocation to vegetative components and an increase in allocation to fruit. The starch concentration in the wood of spring shoots on trees treated with 2.5 g a.i. I-1 foliar PB was increased by ca. 70% compared with spring shoots from trees of other treatments. The mid-anthesis foliar treatments also reduced summer growth by ca. 20%. Trunk injection of PB at 0.2 g a.i. m~2 of canopy silhouette area when the spring growth matured, in addition to a mid- anthesis foliar spray of 1.25 g a.i. I-1, reduced the length of summer shoots by 36% when compared with untreated trees. The spray treatments of 2.5 and 1.25 g a.i. T1 PB at mid- anthesis increased the mean fruit size at harvest by 16 and 11% respectively. Fruit yield was not significantly affected by PB ...


This paper introduces the quo status of the domestic and foreign network course and demonstrates the primary issues concerning the domestic network course. The exploration is attempted in three aspects such as the environment of study,the activity design of study, the navigation design and page layout design.Besides, the paper puts forward some noteworthy questions in the process of the network course.


We demonstrate the hybrid guidance of a pulsed field endowed with precise spatio-temporal structure in a 25-mm-long multi-mode thin-film waveguide. Group delay measurements confirm that the modal indices can be tuned independently of the waveguide parameters.


The following work is based on the quest for qualification of pedagogical practices, addressing principles of ISO 9001, version 2008, in the classroom norm, implying in a broader sense, the restructuring process of learning, searching order of importance, the continuation of the implementation of ISO, which is taking place at the Educational Institution New Hope and promote quality design processes to be implemented and developed in the classroom, taking as reference pilot, the Spanish language class, in order to validate the monitoring and improvement options of academic results.


Aim: To evaluate the socio demographic and environmental factors affecting morbidity and mortality of community acquired pneumonia in children <5years. Materials and methods: The present Observational longitudinal study was carried in the Department of Paediatrics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Pune, among 70 children less than 5 years of age admitted in the In-patient department , Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit diagnosed as community acquired pneumonia of either sex in the hospital. The study was carried out from may 2019-september 2021. The children who fulfilled the WHO criteria of Community Acquired Pneumonia were in addition to the Chest x-ray and investigations findings suggestive of CAP were enrolled. The details of the patient's personal and demographic profile, clinical presentation, underlying condition, laboratory investigations, therapy and course in the hospital, and the final outcome were all recorded on a pre-designed proforma. Results: Mean age of children presenting with pneumonia (31.92 months) was approximately similar with those presenting with severe pneumonia (30.37 months).


Toll-like receptors (TLR) play critical roles in initiating host innate immune system and eradica-ting the invading pathogens by recognizing conserved structures of microorganisms. TLR-defieient animalmodels and cell culture have provided us with immense knowledge on the function of TLRs in anti-viral innateimmune responses. Viruses activate TLRs and induce immune response through NF-κB or IRF-3. signaling pathway. Research on the relationship between TLR and virus and the mechanism of activating signaling cas-cade genes will help us to further understand the immune response and the pathogenesis of infectious disease,and provide new insights to the therapy and prevention on viral disease.

Key words:
Toll-like receptor(TLR); Virus; Immune response


Excerpt This case report of ventricular tachycardia is presented because of its occurrence in the presence of an apparently normal heart and as an example of the gratifying response to quinidine su...


Free energy that includes bulk elastic and surface parts has been theoretically simulated depending on surface topography.The critical conditions of the state transition from C1 to C2 have been determined.Based on this theory,the defect-free FLCDs with uniform alignment was successfully fabricated by means of using alignment layer RN-1199 which can provides a low pretilt angle of 1.8°.


The private sector … is no longer private. Business, particularly big business, is scrutinized by the press as never before. How a company is perceived affects its recruiting, morale and the attitudes of investors, lenders of capital, potential joint venture partners — even the finance ministries of countries where the company wants to do business. More than ever, a company's image is reflected in its bottom line, and senior executives must manage the company's identity as much as they do any other asset or liability.


Through the study of preserved human remains, it is now known that atherosclerosis, commonly thought to be a modern disease, also existed in historic and prehistoric periods. To date, however, little evidence of atherosclerosis has been reported in samples of tissues from spontaneously mummified bodies that are often found in European crypts and churches.


In this paper, a new approach to the problem of nonlinear coupling has been presented. This approach is based on differential transformation techniques which have been successfully used elsewhere in the literature for the study of nonlinear systems in uncoupled form. Here, the object of these transformations is to reduce the given set of coupled ordinary differential equations to an equivalent set of uncoupled equations amenable to existing techniques. The method is illustrated with an example drawn from the field of space mechanics. T is well known that the governing differential equations in the field of linear mechanics can always be obtained in an uncoupled form, since the kinetic and potential energy quadratics can be simultaneousl y reduced to their normal form and the application of the Lag-range's equation leads to a system of uncoupled equations. A parallel method for systems in the nonlinear domain is not known. Also given a pair of coupled linear differential equations, suitable algebraic transformations of the variables, which result in uncoupling of the equations, can be thought of. But in general this is not a feasible proposition for nonlinear problems. One possible approach to the study of such coupled nonlinear systems, is to obtain a higher-order uncoupled system by differentiation and mutual substitution of the given set of coupled differential equations. But the main disadvantage of this approach is the difficulties, encountered in studying higher order, nonlinear systems, which are too well known. Hence, attempts were made to develop suitable transformation techniques for the study of coupled nonlinear systems and this paper sets out the results of the research pursued in this direction. 2. Analysis A coupled dynamical system in two variables, say x\ and #2, can, in general, be thought of as spanning a three-dimensional space (xi,X2,t). In the case of linear systems, the uncoupling of this coupled system is effected by obtaining the projection of this system on the two constituent planes (xijt) and (xzjt) of the space (x^xzf) considered earlier. This direct approach is not practicable in the case of nonlinear systems with or without variable parameters. This calls for a suitable alternate approach to the problem. One such approach is based on the idea of effecting the uncoupling through a study of the system in the third constituent plane, (xijXz) [of the three dimensional space (xi}Xz,t)] or its transformations. Once the relation between xi and #2 is established, the resulting uncoupled systems can be studied through known techniques. This relatively unconventional approach, though not universal in application, can be extended to cover a fairly wide range of problems, leading to coupled, nonlinear, nonautonomous systems, depending on the ingenuity of the user.


Tourism cooperation is in the vanguard of economic cooperation and its main content in pan-Beibu Bay area,and its urgent task is to better the space layout,that's to construct pan-Beibu Bay tourism circuit which includes three layers.The strategical measures of pan-Beibu Bay tourism cooperation are as follows: Setting up mechanism jointly to guarantee the tourism cooperation's effectiveness,integrating the tourist resources in term of brand strategy,co-exploiting the two tourism markets within and out of the circuit and building in unison the tourism passageways to connect the tourism lines.The strategic goal of tourism cooperation in pan-Beibu Bay area is to construct non-barriers tourism zone,and it could be divided into three steps to carryout: near goal,mediate goal and forward goal.


Agreement among instruments is very important for the Multi‐Scale Observation Experiment on Evapotranspiration over heterogeneous land surfaces of The Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER‐MUSOEXE), particularly in regard to radiation and turbulent flux measurements. Before HiWATER‐MUSOEXE was conducted, 20 eddy covariance (EC) system sets, 18 radiometer sets, and seven large aperture scintillometers (LASs) sets were intercompared over the Gobi desert between 14 and 24 May 2012. For radiometers, the four‐component radiation measurements exhibited good agreement—the average root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) for the net radiation were 10.38 W m−2 and 1.24%, respectively. With regard to the EC systems, the best consistency for sensible heat fluxes was found among CSAT3 sonic anemometers and Li7500A/Li7500/EC150 combinations (average RMSE, 12.30 W m−2 and MRE, −1.36%), followed by Gill sonic anemometers and Li7500A/Li7500 combinations when a proper angle of attack correction method was applied (average RMSE, 16.75 W m−2 and MRE, −5.52%). The sensible heat flux measured using different LASs agreed well with high correlation coefficients—the average RMSE and MRE values were 10.26 W m−2 and 5.48% for boundary layer scintillometer (BLS) 900, 16.32 W m−2 and 10.47% for BLS450, and 14.38 W m−2 and −3.72% for ZZLAS, respectively. The EC and LAS measurements were compared and agreed well over homogeneous underlying surfaces, which also indicated that the EC and LAS measurements would be comparable in the follow‐up experiment. The intercomparison results can be used to determine instrument placement and are very helpful for subsequent data analysis.


Purpose: This project aims to assess and enhance the customer's journey at a laundry company in Saudi Arabia from when the customer arrives at the parking lot of the laundry store until receiving the services and payment. Design, methodology, approach: A mixed-method approach was employed, in which qualitative data were gathered from focus group interviews and solo interviews, and quantitative data were gathered through the survey. Moreover, Quality Management Tools were used to build the action plan and offer conclusions and recommendations that would enhance the customer's journey and improve satisfaction. Findings: Services quality issues are categorized into five categories: promotions, human resources; services; detergent products, and facilities. House of Quality represents the highest 15 prioritized solutions. These recommended solutions' relative weights range between 9% to 4%. The use of these tools highlights areas for improvement and the root causes of each issue. The seven quality tools are trustworthy tools to conquer challenges faced by the company and may be effective in improving service quality to positively strengthen organizational performance, customer satisfaction, and success. Originality, value: There are limited studies practically employing the seven Quality Management Tools to enhance customer satisfaction and improve their journey. The Saudi laundry market specifically has a dearth of this type of study. Furthermore, this market has seen rapid growth since it is known as a part of the SME sector in recent few years.


The Yorkshire Event Centre and Pavilions of Harrogate, on the Great Yorkshire Showground, grew their business substantially in 2013. Sales were 11% up ...


Egg weight varies among northwest Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) populations that spawn in different seasons (n = 12), but the range in weights is less than half of that known for northeast Atlantic populations. Egg weights were similar for both spring (May–June)- and autumn (August–October)-spawning herring (1.06 ×) and most dissimilar between spring- and summer (July)-spawning herring (1.21 ×). Mean population egg weights were not correlated with temperature either at spawning or for the last 2 mo of the egg development period. The product of egg weight and fecundity (standardized to length) differed between spring- and autumn-spawning herring of the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Spring-spawners, particularly smaller fish , have lower ripe ovary weights than do autumn-spawning herring. Differences between spawning seasons in the relative allocation of storage energy to gonad and metabolism, a process mediated by the duration of the gonad maturation period, are the likely basis for the observed patt...


The biosynthesis of iron sulfur (FeS) clusters is a highly coordinated process enabled by multi‐protein systems such as Isc and Suf in E. coli. Additional accessory factors including the monothiol glutaredoxin, GrxD, are located outside of these defined systems. GrxD has been proposed to function as a shuttle protein acting to transfer FeS clusters between scaffold and carrier proteins, although specific functional role remain unknown. We have previously linked GrxD in FeS client protein interactions with the radical SAM enzyme MiaB. To address these different hypotheses, we conducted an extensive survey for physical interaction of GrxD with a comprehensive set of FeS cluster biosynthesis factors including cysteine desulfurase components (IscS, SufSE), FeS scaffold (IscU, SufBC2D) , carrier proteins (IscA SufA, ErpA, NfuA), HscA, HscB and various FeS apoproteins. We have employed various methods, including affinity co‐purification, analytical gel filtration and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to obtain interaction data. To date we have observed no physical interaction between GrxD and any FeS biosynthesis factor except the SufBC2D scaffold and the SufA carrier protein. With SufA a reproducible but extremely weak association is observed by SPR alone (KD >> 700 µM). In contrast we have observed specific interactions between GrxD and two radical SAM enzymes, MiaB (KD =12 µM) and BioB (KD =34 µM). These data strongly indicate a role for GrxD in FeS protein maturation or repair, working downstream of the Suf system


The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the gibberellic acid and of the girdling of branches on the abscission of the floral structures and on the onset of fruits of the acid lime tree 'Tahiti'. For the variables related to the abscission of the reproductive structures, the experimental design was on subdivided plots in time, with the factorial 4 x 3 in the plots. As to the onset of fruits, the experimental design was the factorial 4 x 3. The first factor was the application of GA3 in four concentrations (0, 7, 14 and 21 mg/L), and the second one, the two periods of girdling: one at the beginning of flowering (AIF) and the other one a month later (AMAF), plus the control without girdling (SA). The experimental design was in casualized plots (DBC), with five repetitions. It was observed that the GA3 did not change the abscission of the reproductive structures and neither the onset of the fruits of the acid lime tree 'Tahiti'. The girdled plants had a reduction of the abscission of the reproductive structures. The onset in the AIF plants was of 15.66%, and, on the AMAF plants, the onset was of 16.11%, which were increases of 220 and 229%, respectively, in relation to the SA plants, that had an onset of 4.89%.


Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is considered as the most effective treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis and growing in popularity during the last years. Unfortunately a relatively high rate of unsatisfied patients is observed. Looking for the reason for that, there is an ongoing debate over the best implants design. Since introduction of total knee arthroplasty, two types of implants were designed: first with posterior stabilization (PS) sacrificing posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and second cruciate retaining (CR). They have become two most popular nowadays. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes and gait pattern following TKA with use of fixed-bearing medial-pivot (Dynamic Congruence-DC) and multi-radius design implants (PS) and compare them to the healthy subjects. Materials: 56 consecutive patients who were qualified by a single surgeon to undergo total knee arthroplasty were involved in the study. All of them were operated in a single clinical orthopedic department by a single high-volume surgeon. All cases were primary end-stage knee osteoarthritis. 28 of them were randomly assigned to receive posterior-stabilized multi-radius implant and 28 to receive fixed-bearing medial pivot dynamic-congruence one. Every patient received rehabilitation followed by the same protocol. The patients were reviewed at six weeks, six months, one year, and three years post-operatively with routine clinical assessment. Radiographs were undertaken immediately post-operatively and at one year. Patients fulfilled WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster University) questionnaires preoperatively and during follow-up visits in the Biomechanical Lab at least one year after TKA. After the surgery 1 to 3 years postoperatively three-dimensional gait analysis was performed. Statistical analysis of results for both operated and healthy limb was performed. All comparisons were performed between continuous variables in unpaired groups. Results: Objective outcomes did not differ significantly between groups with DC and PS implants. When compared with norms for healthy knees, both in DC and PS groups the only outcomes to differ significantly from norms were length of step length both in operated. As to subjective outcomes, the only significant difference between DC and PS group was the Stiffness part of WOMAC score. Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 30 November 2020 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license. There were no significant differences in WOMAC score as a whole, Pain part of WOMAC score and Everyday Activities part of WOMAC score. Conclusions: To our best knowledge this is the first study to assess and compare lower limb biomechanics and gait pattern between patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty with use of fixed-bearing medial-pivot and multi-radius design implants. Results of this study show that there were no statistical differences between both types of implants and even though there was significant improvement in patient-reported outcome and gait pattern, those parameters still differ significantly in comparison to healthy volunteers. The problem with dissatisfaction after operative treatment may not lay in the procedure itself, but many different factors may contribute to it. Next studies comparing other designs of implants, as well as proper rehabilitation protocol should be performed


Paleomagnetic studies of the Brisbane tuff and the Noosa Heads and Mount Dromedary intrusive complexes show that the stable components of natural remanent magnetization have rather uniform directions (irrespective of sign) with steep inclinations. In each case the time of formation of the rocks is known with precision, either from stratigraphic or from radioisotope evidence, to be Middle Triassic, Upper Jurassic, and late Lower Cretaceous, respectively. Field and laboratory studies suggest that the stable magnetization originated at the time of formation and was parallel to the earth's field. The observations therefore appear to provide a record of the earth's field at known times in the past. A reversal of magnetization in the Noosa Heads complex is related to a radioisotope age of 140 m.y. A detailed comparison of thermal and magnetic cleaning methods, in which rock samples from the Mount Dromedary intrusive complex were used, yields the result that the latter is to be preferred in this instance.


In this short piece I respond to Susan Crawford regarding application of the First Amendment to regulation of Internet access service.


The most about of ICT have been developed to analyze if are able to ger the traditional learning objetives, without developing another alternative lines to work creativity, learning the personal expresion, life long learning and critical thinking. In this article we present the tematic, relevante, objetives, metodology and the interes areas relationated with this.


A novel method for determining mean line velocities which is an order of magnitude more accurate than past work is presented. Using a large sample of 518 lines from 160 QSOs, it is found that each UV emission line has a well-determined mean velocity, with a surprisingly small QSO-to-QSO dispersion of under 200 km/s. All correlations between emission-line velocities and QSO properties are found to be explained by just three basic correlations. Both N V and Mg II tend to be at less negative velocities in radio-quiet vs radio-loud QSOs, and C IV lines with small equivalent widths are at more negative velocities, probably because of the line asymmetry. The finding of Sargent et al. (1989) that the UV spectral index increases with UV luminosity is confirmed, but their claim that radio-loud and radio-quiet QSOs have different indices is not confirmed.


A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric method was developed for the determination of formaldehyde in hair. 0.3 ㎎ of hair was placed in 10 ㎖ headspace vial. 1.5 mM pentafluorophenylhydrazine solution (pH 2) in 0.03 M phosphoric acid and 20 ㎕ of 500 ㎎/l acetone-d_6 as internal standard were added in vial and sealed tightly with cap. The solution was heated for 30 min at 90℃ in heating block. The extraction, the derivatization and the evaporation were performed simultaneously. After heating of the solution, 0.5 ㎖ of headspace was taken up and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Low limit of detection (LOD) and Low limit of quantitation (LOQ) of formaldehyde were 0.5 and 1.5 ng/g, respectively. The method was used to analyze formaldehyde in rat hair after oral exposure. The developed method may be valuable to be used to analyze formaldehyde in human hair.


SummaryTwelve to 15% of the Shamouti orange trees in Israel, notably those budded on sour orange stock and growing in heavy soil, bear low yields and are of doubtful economic value. Studies have shown that ringing can sometimes double the yields of these trees, as well as those of Washington Navel and Valencia Late oranges. Applications of growth substances, growth retardants and urea did not alter the effect of ringing on yield, which decreased considerably in the second year and was not evident at all two years after treatment. The effects of ringing were greater, the lower the yields of unringed control trees, and the best results were obtained when trees were ringed before the flowers opened. The increase in yield was accompanied by a decreased drop of flowers and fruitlets and was due to an increase in the number of fruits per tree. Individual fruit weight was not affected by ringing.


Self-organizing algorithms (SOAs) for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) usually seek to increase the lifetime, to minimize unnecessary transmissions or to maximize the transport capacity. The goal left out in the design of this type of algorithms is the capability of the WSN to ensure an accurate reconstruction of the sensed field while maintaining the self-organization. In this work, we formulate a general framework where the data from the resulting clusters ensures the well-posedness of the signal processing problem in the cluster. We develop the second-order data-coupled clustering (SODCC) algorithm and the distributed compressive-projections principal component analysis (D-CPPCA) algorithm, that use second-order statistics. The condition to form a cluster is that D-CPCCA does not fail to resolve the Principal Components in any given cluster. We show that SODCC is scalable and has similar or better message complexity than other well-known SOAs. We validate these results with extensive computer simulations using an actual LS-WSN. We also show that the performance of SODCC is, comparative to other state-of-the-art SOAs, better at any compression rate and needs no prior adjustment of any parameter. Finally, we show that SODCC compares well to other energy efficient clustering algorithms in terms of energy consumption while excelling in data reconstruction Average SNR.


ABSTRACT In 1970, when the bell system demonstrated the charge-coupled devices (CCD), it was not known at the time that it would revolutionize the imaging. The ability of CCD to integrate and shift the charge with precise control had made it most selected choice for military, space, medical imaging as well as industrial applications. After revolution in CMOS imaging technology in early 90s, people were able to make CMOS imagers which consumed very less power and included all control and processing electronics in it, leading to very compact imaging system (popularly abbreviated as CIS, i.e. CMOS imaging system). However, only after the development of low noise switched capacitor circuits and active pixel-based image sensors (APS) it became feasible to take advantage of both, i.e. the Time Delay and Integration (TDI) feature of CCD with flexibility and compactness of circuit implements in CMOS. In this review, we present the circuit level evolution and the development of TDI implementation in CMOS. This review will provide an easy explanation of TDI-based imaging applications in CMOS technology for scholars interested in the field.


Abstract: This paper puts forward an automatic answer system based on Web environment . According to its demands and functions , the framework is designed and the technical solving scheme of the system is provided .


We the anthropologists use the term fieldwork for on-location research. Fieldwork is the most important method in the anthropological production of knowledge. It is through fieldwork that social-cultural anthropologists collect priman; information for the insights into the different topics of study like kinship, stratification, politic, religion etc. However, it can be said that a strained relationship exists between the representation of anthropological fieldwork and reality of any other disciplinan; fieldwork. To put in brief, fieldwork can take many forms. The multiple forms exist in a broader spectrum within the premise of social science. In the locale of interdisciplinan; approach of social science, the methodologt; of a particular discipline acts as a microcosm, be it Anthropologt; or Sociologt; or Economics or Political Science. The multiple forms of fieldwork take the shape of anthropologist's vision, project objectives and circumstance driven by disciplinan; methodology.


A dichroic dye, a color filter layer forming composition containing the dye, a color filter array substrate containing the color filter layer, and an LCD containing the substrate are provided to improve dichroism, heat resistance, durability, contrast and polarization. A dichroic dye has a structure represented by R1-L1-M-L2-D, wherein D is a dichroic structure; M is a liquid crystalline structure; R1 is a terminal reactive functional group; and L1 and L2 are a linking structure for connecting R1, M and D. Preferably the dichroic structure D is selected from the group consisting of azo, anthraquinone, azomethine, indigo, thioindigo, cyanine, indane, azulene, perylene, phthaloperin and azine-based dyes.


Introduction PART ONE: YOUNG BAUDRILLARD The Novels of Italo Calvino Review of William Styron, Set This House on Fire Germany Is It a New World? Review of Uwe Johnson, The Border PART TWO: CRITIQUE OF MASS-MEDIATED LIFE Review of Marshall McLuhan, Understanding Media Technique as Social Practice Review of Henri Lefebvre, Taking a Position: Against the Technocrats Ephemeral and Durable Dialectical Utopia Utopia The Smile of the Cheshire Cat Police and Play Mass (Sociology of) PART THREE: THE POETRY OF THEORY Stucco Angel PART FOUR: POLITICAL BANKRUPTCY ON THE LEFT AND RIGHT The Divine Left Dropping Out of History Our Theatre of Cruelty PART FIVE: IRONIC AESTHETIC DISORDERS Barbara Kruger Olivier Mosset The Object That Is None Enrico Baj or Monstrosity Laid Bare by the Paint Itself The Transparency of Kitsch


We have performed a theoretical calculation of the two photon absorption (TPA) in semiconducting quantum wires and quantum boxes in the presence of an electric field. Because of the anisotropic nature of these nanostructures, the TPA depends on the relative orientations of the electric field, the direction of polarization of the optical field, and the direction of carrier confinement in these semiconducting nanostructures. Numerical results show that the electric field decreases the TPA in quantum wires and boxes for any direction of the electric field and optical polarization. The TPA occurs below the zero field threshold energy of the semiconducting quantum wires and quantum boxes when an electric field is present. Moreover, the TPA has more structure in quantum boxes than that in quantum wires for any direction of electric field or polarization. In addition, the ratio of the TPA in the quantum wires and boxes to that in the bulk is also calculated as a function of the photon energy both in the presence...


The purpose of the article is to propose to researchers of the problems of adaptation and the study of specific adaptogenic activity standardized approaches to biomedical (preclinical) research of new biologically active substances, ensuring their comparability. The analysis of modern views on adaptation processes, as an increase in nonspecific resistance to adaptive effects, and the properties of known adaptogens is carried out. It has been shown that adaptogenic action can be realized through the involvement of several regulatory pathways, such as changes in the activity of neurons and endocrine response in response to adverse effects, interaction with cell receptors and modulation of their sensitivity to endogenous regulators, changes in the composition of cell membranes, structure of the cytoskeleton, activities of enzyme complexes, epigenomic regulation, antioxidant and antiradical activity. A grouping of methods for the experimental study of adaptogens is proposed on the basis of their compliance with the definition of this pharmacological class and the requirements of evidence-based medicine. The groups of methods aimed at increasing the rate and stability of the formation of a state of increased resistance to adverse influences, reparative-restorative processes, nonspecific resistance, psychoactivating and neuroplastic effects, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects were identified. Specific schemes of adaptive influences and criteria for assessing adaptogenic activity are proposed on the basis of comparing the results obtained with the effects of "reference" adaptogens. The technology of the integrated assessment of the results of the methods, which are different in their informational significance, has been substantiated.


The present study compared handwritten reports with those written on computers for ten precisely defined quality factors. Reports written under both conditions by 160 upper division college students in a business communication course were submitted to the Grammatik II program for quality analysis and the results were subsequently analyzed for significant differences using ANOVA. More similarities than differences were found as six of the ten tests did not show significant differences. The findings of the study do not support a general conclusion that basic writing quality will improve when documents are written by computer as compared to writing them by hand. The importance of the present findings as they relate to earlier research and future re search directions are discussed.


A program is said to have a determinacy race if logically parallel parts of a program access the same memory location and one of the accesses is a write. These races are generally bugs in the program since they lead to non-deterministic program behavior --- different schedules of the program can lead to different results. Most prior work on detecting these races focuses on a subclass of programs with series-parallel or nested parallelism. This paper presents a race-detection algorithm for detecting races in a more general class of programs, namely programs that include arbitrary ordering constraints in additional to the series-parallel constructs. The algorithm performs a serial execution of the program, augmented to detect races, in O(T1 + k2) time, where T1 is the sequential running time of the original program and k is the number of non series-parallel constraints. The main technical novelty of this paper is a new data structure, R-Sketch, for answering reachability queries in nearly series-parallel (SP) directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Given as input a graph comprising an n-node series parallel graph and k additional non-SP edges, the total construction time of the data structure is O(n + k2), and each reachability query can be answered in O(1) time. The data structure is traversally incremental, meaning that it supports the insertion of nodes/edges, but only as they are discovered through a graph traversal.


Based on the space-time concentration of pathogenic microorganisms of numerical simulation,the evaluation model of exposure risk in a building group was established.In the model,the instantaneous risk area and the largest resident time for person were obtained by introducing the instantaneous concentration criterion and the accumulated concentration criterion,respectively.The results shown that the change of instantaneous risk area was consisitent to the growth curve of virus.It increases to its peak value at time 2000s,then it decreases,and keeps to be constant after time 6000s.The longest resident time is closely related with the growth rate of virus.The larger the growth rate of virus is,the smaller the longest resident time is.


The evolution of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be largely attributed to the design of its architecture, i.e., the network wiring pattern. Neural architecture search (NAS) advances this by automating the search for the optimal network architecture, but the resulting network instance may not generalize well in different tasks. To overcome this, exploring network design principles that are generalizable across tasks is a more practical solution. In this study, We explore a novel brain-inspired design principle based on the core-periphery property of the human brain network to guide the design of CNNs. Our work draws inspiration from recent studies suggesting that artificial and biological neural networks may have common principles in optimizing network architecture. We implement the core-periphery principle in the design of network wiring patterns and the sparsification of the convolution operation. The resulting core-periphery principle guided CNNs (CP-CNNs) are evaluated on three different datasets. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority compared to CNNs and ViT-based methods. Overall, our work contributes to the growing field of brain-inspired AI by incorporating insights from the human brain into the design of neural networks.


Many biological processes are crucially dependent on the formation of ordered distributions of specific molecules within cells. These patterns are selforganizing structures that evolve in a predictable fashion in time and space. Perhaps the best known example of intracellular protein patterning is the molecular machinery that orchestrates the regular segregation of complete chromosome sets to the two daughter cells during cell division.


This study aims to key out the perceptions on the integrity of the elements that comprise the discipline, responsibility and honesty. This study used a survey method using questionnaires. 138 respondents were chosen through random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively involves measuring the mean, standard deviation and correlation. The results showed that a large number of respondents indicated that the factor of integrity takes on a significant role in the forming of individual identity. These components need to be raised from time to time so that positive values will not vanish from the psyche.


After connecting with alums Mark '71 and Harriet Lehman '72, Kirsten Brodeen '20 landed a position as an entrepreneurial intern at Upshoot LLC, a portfolio company.


Abstract

Northern mires have sequestered substantial amounts of atmospheric carbon since the last glacial period forming one of the largest carbon pools in the biosphere (Hugelius et al., 2020). Current global warming is causing the subarctic and arctic regions warm rapidly, two to three times as fast as the rest of the world (Masson-Delmotte et al., 2018), which will affect the carbon balance of these mires.

In Kaamanen, northern Finland, we studied carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) exchange between patterned mesotrophic fen and the atmosphere, both on ecosystem and plant community level. The ecosystem level measurements were conducted by utilizing eddy covariance method, while the fluxes on plant community scale were measured with flux chambers. The studied fen can be described as a mosaic of strings and flarks (or hummocks and hollows, respectively). The microtopography of the string-flark continuum form four main plant community types with varying water table conditions and vegetation composition. The measurements took place in 2017–2018. The two years in question were contrasting in their meteorological and environmental conditions. The 2017 growing season had average temperature, but high precipitation sum, while 2018 growing season was warm and dry. In July 2018 a north-western Europe-wide heatwave caused a month-long drought period at the site. Compared to 2017, the annual carbon balance of the Kaamanen fen was affected by earlier onset of photosynthesis in spring and the drought event during summer 2018.

We found that the annual carbon balance of the fen did not differ markedly between the studied years, even though the meteorological and environmental conditions did. The earlier onset of growing season in 2018 strengthened the CO2 sink of the ecosystem, but this gain was counterbalanced by the later drought period. Additionally, we found strong spatial variation in CO2 and CH4 dynamics between the main plant communities. Most of the variation in ecosystem level carbon exchange could be explained by the variation in water table level, soil temperature and vegetation characteristics, which were also the environmental factors that varied between the plant community types.

References

Hugelius, G., Loisel, J., Chadburn, S., Jackson, R. B., Jones, M., MacDonald, G., Marushchak, M., Olefeldt, D., Packalen, M., Siewert, M. B., Treat, C., Turetsky, M., Voigt, C. and Yu, Z.: Large stocks of peatland carbon and nitrogen are vulnerable to permafrost thaw, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 117, 20438–20446, doi:10.1073/pnas.1916387117, 2020.

Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M. and Waterfield T. (Eds.): Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.


At Torkin Manes, response is key: we're there when our clients need us. There's a union organizer at your door? A complaint of harassment has been made against a senior executive? We walk you through the steps to take while we prepare your case. But we don't stop there: we help you draft policies and procedures to minimize your exposure. From prevention to litigation, Torkin Manes is with you all the way.


In an attempt to develop higher-dimensional quasiconformal mappings on metric measure spaces with curvature conditions, i.e. from Ahlfors to Alexandrov, we show that for n≥2 a noncollapsed RCD(0,n) space with Euclidean volume growth is an n-Loewner space and satisfies the infinitesimal-to-global principle.


The virulence of Nocardia brasiliensis, N. asteroides, and N. caviae was investigated. The study was done by inoculation of these organisms into the footpad of white mice. The results show that N. brasiliensis has greater virulence than N. asteroides and N. caviae. These observations resemble clinical findings in which N. brasiliensis acts as an obligatory pathogenic agent, whereas N. asteroides usually behaves as an opportunistic pathogen. Nocardia caviae, which is very similar to N. asteroides from the taxonomic standpoint, is only rarely a causative agent for mycetoma.


Our laboratory has previously used outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats to fine‐map metabolic and obesity traits. HS rats were created by interbreeding eight inbred founder strains and maintaining the colony to minimize inbreeding, thus enabling genetic fine‐mapping to only a few Megabases. In the current work, we measured whole pancreas insulin (WPI) content in 1,003 adult male HS rats. The rats were genotyped using low coverage whole genome sequencing followed by imputation by STITCH, informed by high coverage sequencing of the HS founder strains. Physiological quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) were identified using both SNP‐based and haplotype‐based mapping methods (implemented in miQTL and R/qtl2, respectively), taking into account the observed genetic relationships among the HS rats. We found that WPI content strongly correlates with multiple metabolic traits, including visceral fat pad weight, fasting glucose and insulin levels, insulin in response to a glucose challenge and insulin sensitivity. We identified two pQTLs for WPI content, on rat chromosomes 10 and 20. In an effort to identify candidate genes underlying these loci, we incorporated gene expression measured through RNAseq from over 400 HS rats. Liver tissue was used because pancreatic tissue had been used to measure WPI content. RNAseq analysis was followed by identification of expression QTLs (eQTLs) and mediation analysis. The chromosome 20 locus covered 1.4 Mb and contained 25 genes, four of which mapped as cis‐eQTLs. Rfx6 was identified as a full mediator of WPI content at this locus (e.g., when expression levels were included in the statistical model, the pQTL signal for whole pancreas insulin content nearly disappeared), and expression levels correlated with WPI content. In addition, both WPI and Rfx6 expression were driven by the WKY and ACI founder haplotypes, further implicating Rfx6 as a candidate gene within this locus. Rfx6 has previously been shown to be involved in beta cell development and insulin production and has been associated with mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY). The strong correlation between WPI content and multiple metabolic traits suggests that genetic variation in Rfx6 may contribute to metabolic dysfunction and/or diabetes susceptibility, which we will explore in future studies.


We numerically investigate the absorption property of a type of curved metamaterial absorber (CMA) in the microwave regime. Simulation results demonstrate that the CMA can perform absorption peaks at four resonant frequencies correspond to the fundamental, the second order, the third order and the forth order resonance frequencies respectively. This simple absorber is desirable for potential applications in improving absorbance performances.


On the basis of French data, we show that the short-term business survey in services delivers a specific piece of information with respect to the equivalent survey for industry, making it possible to improve short-term macro-economic analysis and forecasting of the GDP growth rate. This specific contribution may be due to a lower sensitivity of service sectors to international trade and inventory movements. We present and discuss GDP forecasts at a one or two-quarter horizon based on miscellaneous univariate as well as multivariate VAR models encompassing data relating to both industry and services. We then suggest that the short-term business survey in services can help one dating the turning points of economic activity. Finally, we show that static common factors are very robust with respect to the imperfect synchrony of their constituent balances. This result constitutes an ex post justification of the intensive use of this kind of synthetic indicators in the paper.


A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a phosphate solubilizing bacterium(PSB),Enterobacteria sp.EnHy-401,on the availability of insoluble accumulative phosphorus(P)and growth of wheat(Triticum Ningmai No.13)plants in sterile saline soil.Our results showed that the strain EnHy-401 had the ability to activate the insoluble accumulated phosphorus in saline soil and enhanced nutrient uptake efficiency by wheat plants,then conferred resistance in wheat plants to salt stress and resulted in a significant growth increase.In saline soil inoculated with Enterobacteria sp.EnHy-401,available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium was increased from 6.4 mg/kg and 1 162 mg/kg to 10.3 mg/kg and 1 214 mg/kg,respectively.Wheat seedling grown in soil inoculated with the EnHy-401 strain increased shoot weight by 28.1% and root weight by 14.6% when compared to the control.P,Ca,K and Mg contents in shoots increased 34.4%,36.3%,31.5%,and 6.3% compared to the control,respectively.the fact that the increases in available P,biomass P,and Ca2+ concentration in saline soil treated with PSB Enterobacter sp.EnHy-401 inocula,and high relativity between the P,Ca,K,and Mg content in wheat tissue and dry matter indicated that PSB Enterobacter sp.EnHy-401 suppressed the adverse effect of salinity stress in plants through nutrient(P and Ca)supply and nutrient(K and Mg)uptake enhancement.The phosphate solubilizing activity of Enterobacteria sp.EnHy-401 and the amelioration of salt stress on wheat plants by the strain varied with the salinity levels and content of organic matter in the saline soil.


Abstract This paper twins theories of urbanism and feminist hospitality in exploring the practice of historic home touring as demonstrative of hospitable urbanism, an ethical opening of self and neighborhood to strangers. In Phoenix, Arizona, the quintessential "ahistorical" sprawling metropolis, historic home touring is particularly evocative. With 35 residential historic districts covering much of the central city, Phoenix boasts an entire home tour season each spring. I consider the opening of private homes to the public a gesture of urban welcome critical in tempering the exclusionary tendencies of historic districts. Such seemingly minor practices are increasingly perceived as consequential in generating (or foreclosing) lived community amid difference (gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, migration status, religion, etc.). Without striving toward openness, vulnerability, and inclusion, urban communities risk becoming shuttered, sterile, and disconnected from public life. However brief or atmospheric, a gesture of urban welcome requires the consideration of strangers in the first place.


Mechanical property data are reported for Epon 828/T403, an amine-cured epoxy adhesive. Data include compression modulus, compression yield strength and compression stress relaxation as a function of stress level, strain rate, and temperature and Mode I fracture toughness as a function of temperature. This data was generated to support a study investigating how temperature effects joint strength and the corresponding interface comer fracture toughness for adhesively bonded butt joints.


The present invention provides an optically anisotropic film characterized in that the retardation at 80 DEG C is 20-97% of that at 30 DEG C, and the film is made from a mixture of a transparent or semitransparent polymer and at least one liquid crystal compound, wherein the ratio of the liquid crystal compound in the mixture is 0.5-50% by weight based on the combined weight of the liquid crystal compound and the polymer, or an optically anisotropic film characterized in that the retardation at 60 DEG C is 50-99% of that at 30 DEG C, and the film comprises a mixture of a transparent or semitransparent polymer and at least one liquid crystal compound, wherein the ratio of the liquid crystal compound in the mixture is 0.5-50% by weight based on the combined weight of the liquid crystal compound and the polymer. These optically anisotropic films have a temperature dependence of retardation corresponding to that of the liquid crystal display cell used in combination with the film, show a temperature compensating effect, and are also excellent in viewing angle characteristics and display performance, so that they can be used for the production of composite optically anisotropic films or liquid crystal display devices.


We construct the minimal surface in AdS, relevant for the strong coupling behaviour of local supersymmetric Wilson loops in  = 4 ?> SYM for a closed contour formed out of segments of two intersecting circles. Its regularised area is calculated including all divergent parts and the finite renormalised term. Furthermore we prove that for generic planar curved contours with cusps the cusp anomalous dimensions are functions of the respective cusp angles alone. They do not depend on other local data of the cusps.


In this article, we have designed SHA, which has 12 Bit resolution at an input signal range of 1 Vpp and operates at a sampling speed of 100 MS/s in order to use at front of high speed ADC. SFDR(Spurious Free Dynamic Range) of the proposed system drops to approximately 66.3 dB resolution when the input frequency is 5 MHz, and the sampling frequency is 100 MHz, however, the circuit without a feedthrough has 12 bit resolution with approximately 73 dB.


The balance between conserving fragile ancient cultural sites and making them available to increasing numbers of visitors is one of the main themes of this book. Topics discussed include site management, the reconstruction of ancient buildings and ways of presenting and interpreting sites for today's visitors. Management issues at three sites are included: Piazza Amerina; Knossos; and Ephesus.


Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is currently one of several candidate technologies for reducing the emission of industrial CO2 to the atmosphere. As plans for large-scale geological storage of CO2 are being considered, it is clear that monitoring programs will be required to demonstrate security of the CO2 within the storage complex. Numerous geophysical monitoring techniques are currently being tested for this purpose, including controlled-source time-lapse reflection seismology, satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry, electromagnetic sounding, gravity, and others. Passive seismic monitoring is an additional technique under consideration that complements these other techniques, and has potential as a cost-effective method of demonstrating storage security. This is particularly true over longer periods of time, as passive seismic arrays cost relatively little to maintain. Of the large-scale CCS pilot projects currently operational, thus far only the IEA GHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 Monitoring and St...


SKRISA, Michal: Information support of users based on ITIL. [Bachelor's thesis]. Bankovni institut vysoka skola Praha, zahranicna vysoka skola Banska Bystrica. Department of Quantitative Methods and Computer Science. Supervisor: Ing. Radoslav Forgac, PhD. Year of defense: the 2013th. Number of pages: 40. Bachelor thesis deals with the processing of survey processes and functions within the ITIL design and information support within the selected information system based on ITIL. The first part describes basic concepts of information technology service management. The second part deals with the processing of survey processes and functions within each category ITIL. The third section focuses on the design of information support within the selected information system based on ITIL.


Algorithms are presented for generating discrete sample time histories of random atmospheric turbulence having statistical characteristics as prescribed by the Dryden and von Karman models defined in MIL-F-8785C. When these algorithms are incorporated into a dynamic simulation, response of an aircraft to the turbulence can be predicted. Such information is useful both in the design stage and during the development phase of the aircraft. The von Karman model is generated using a variation of the sum-of-sinusoids method, modified to reduce computation time. Techniques for improving computational speed are considered, and results of test runs are presented. The Dryden model is generated by passing band-limited white noise through appropriate linear filters. The input variance required to produce the desired output variance is determined as a function of the sample frequency. Generation of roll gust velocities is also addressed, as well as the application of lateral and vertical velocities to the computation of yaw and pitch moments on an aircraft.


Jeffrey W. Leppo agency faces as broad-ranging a set of environmental and natural resource challenges in the 1990s as the state of Alaska. Alaska comprises over 570,000 square miles of mostly remote wilderness, including over twenty-five national parks and wildlife refuges, some of which are individually larger than many other states. Its coast comprises over 50 percent of our nation's coastline. Found among this vast, largely pristine area is much of the wildlife that has survived this century in the United States. Large game such as grizzly bears, caribou, wolves, moose, and bald eagles thrive in numbers that dwarf existing "Lower 48" populations. Its coastal waters and abundant rivers support untold populations of bird and sea life, and literally teem with salmon, steelhead, grayling, char, and trout.


A finite impulse response neural network is configured to act as a temporal pattern classifier. The notion of desired response and error scaling sequences is introduced and the effects of these sequences on the classification rate and network outputs is examined. Narrow error scaling functions speed learning but produce poor quality outputs. Wide error scaling functions produce better quality output but learn more slowly.


Effect of photosynthetic bacterial fertilizer was studied on morphological characteristics, chlorophyll content, root vigour and nitrate reductase activity of cauliflower seedlings in solar greenhouse. The results showed that the photosyn- thetic bacterial fertilizer could promote growth of seedling, and there were obvious differences among different treatments. The treatment with pouring root 200× was adapt to cauliflower seedlings, which could increased obviously chlorophyll content, root vigour and nitrate reductase activity.


Felty Germander (Teucrium polium L.) is a Jordanian medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine. It is an endangered plant due to its increased popularity so it must be highly considered for conservation. Medium term conservation of T. polium was successfully achieved using elevated concentrations of different osmotic agents. Approximately 0.7 cm micro-shoots were aseptically excised from in vitro grown plants and transferred to Hormone Free-MS medium (HF-MS) for 4-5 days. Pre-treated micro-shoots were transferred to MS media plus elevated concentrations of abcisic acid (ABA), mannitol, sorbitol, or sucrose, for 12 weeks. Approximately 33.3% of T. polium micro-shoots were regrown when culturing on MS meidum supplemented with 3.8 µM ABA. Addition of 0.1 M mannitol to the T. polium conservation medium resulted in 36.3% regrowth, whereas using 0.1 M sorbitol resulted in 57.3% regrowth. Using medium containing 0.2 M sucrose gave 90% regrowth of T. polium micro-shoots.


Understanding scattering features of proud and partially exposed cylinders is relevant to the scattering by a variety of simple targets. In the present investigation, partial exposure was studied by lowering a solid aluminum cylinder through a flat free surface into a tank of water while monitoring the evolution of the scattering as a function of the amount of exposure. Interactions with the free surface simulate aspects of interactions with flat sediment. Unlike related prior work, however, the present investigation allows for the recording of bistatic scattering and reversible image filtering based on a form of synthetic aperture sonar (SAS). The source and receiver grazing angles are held fixed while the amount of exposure h of a right circular aluminum cylinder is varied. Short pulses are used to distinguish between different types of scattering contributions. The slope of the feature timing as a function of the exposure h, expressed by the derivative dt/dh where t is the measured time of the feature,...


The rectified non-linear response of a clean, time-reversal symmetric, undoped semiconductor to an ac electric field includes a well known intrinsic shift current. In a recent work we demonstrated that, when Kramers degeneracy is broken, a distinct second order rectified response appears due to Bloch state anomalous velocities in a system with an oscillating Fermi surface. This effect has been termed the resonant photovoltaic effect (RPE). It manifests itself as a resonant galvanic current peak at the interband absorption threshold in doped semiconductors or semimetals with approximate particle-hole symmetry. In this manuscript we present a detailed theory of this effect, and we evaluate the RPE for a model of the surface states of a magnetized topological insulator.


Square‐based pyramidal emitters formed by wet etching of p‐type silicon wafers have been anodized to give a thin surface layer of porous silicon. At the surface of such material are very small fibrils with widths ≤3 nm. Field emission measurements from pyramidal cathodes of plain and anodized silicon show a dramatic improvement, when the porous silicon is present. In this case, average peak emission currents of 25 μA have been obtained with the highest measured being 90 μA, improved uniformity between cathodes was produced and emission began at lower voltages. It was found that plain cathodes too blunt to emit did so when covered in porous silicon. The reasons why such silicon fibrils improve emission are discussed.


The Doppler shift mitigation for phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW) of multiple moving targets is studied. As for joint range and Doppler information extraction, the transmitted PMCW signals are split into the slow-time domain and fast-time domain. The Doppler information is usually directly estimated from the Fourier analysis of the slow-time domain. However, such Doppler frequency shift remains in the fast-time domain after mixing with the carrier wave and degrades the orthogonality of the codes, which results in the peak energy loss and high-level side-lobes. This paper analyses the problem mathematically and proposes a novel method for Doppler shift mitigation. The performance of the proposed method is validated by numerical simulations.


in Trans-action, covers some of the rnaincurrents in the economic, social and political "minority problems" of Mexican-Americans, Puerto Ricans, and American Indians. John Howard, the editor, sets the stage with the argument that these U.S. citizens occupy a "partial minority ... status distinct from that of blacks"; the latter form a "total minority group" because of their larger "number" and greater "visibility," and not because of their "geographic concentration" in certain localities. He argues further that all minorities experience the "stigma" of being "more unequal," i.e., in some way, 'down' on the social classification ladder -, on the basis of defined patterns of "social exclusion," "economic oppression," and "political powerlessness." He also views the "styles" of domination which non-black minorities experience as instances of "class" or "sernicaste domination"; the black experience is seen as a matter of "caste domination." He attributes this difference to the fact that "in the American context blacks have had a caste-like position." Regardless of their place of residence and work, they have had to endure the negative consequences of popular fictions about an "indelible genetic stain which can never be entirely removed." A set of three factual and chronological minority status reports, authored by the editor, and supplemented with a succinct list of further readings are the background to his selection of eight field-work based essays on the human and institutional consequences of social inequality. They bring into sharpness some of the most persistent and deep, yet glossed-over cracks in the American social order. Rosalie Wax on Sioux Youth, Merwyn Gabarino on a young Seminole woman, and Oscar Lewis on a Puerto Rican mother, and the death of another are exemplary essays on the personally devastating impact of the American way of social oppression. The balance of the essays by A. L. Wahrhaftig and R. K. Thomas, A. P. Fisher,]' L. Love, and A. Liebman contribute to our understanding of the common minority experience of social deprivation and protest, revitalization movements and rebellion. This reviewer notes with regret the absence of a life-historical essay to round out the account of contemporary Mexican-American minority predicaments. Most readers will also wish to sample alternative sociological perspectives on "minority status" and "styles of domination" to those proposed by the editor. Despite these strictures, this volume of essays is a satisfying first introduction to a very complex field of inquiry: The balanced analysis of what is different and yet the same about life and work on a lesser, and low socio-economic minority plane as a white or black, an almost white or almost black person.


In this paper studies on extracting method and production of Cerasus pseudocerasus L.Flavonoid in orthogonal test L_ 16 (4~5)are made.The results of the experiment show that the extracting condition of that good yield of flavonoid could be obtained by 30% C_2H_5OH solution at 70℃ for 1h with the solid-liquid ratio 1 ∶30(g/mL)and the productivevity is 2.0046%.


The relevance of the work is justified by the need for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of coal concentrate used to produce coal blends in the coking process, and resources of coking chemical products derived from them. This information is necessary for making optimal coal blends for coking and for planning of coking plants operation. The purpose of work is to study the impact of the qualitative characteristics of the Kuznetsk Basin coal concentrates on the yield and composition of coking chemical products for the purpose of making coal blends for coking on their basis. In the course of studies, the following indicators have been identified: the technical analysis, caking, petrographic analysis, the yield of chemical coking products from coal concentrates and strength of the resulting coke residue. The main results of the study are the data on the main indicators of the quality of the investigated coals of the Kuznetsk basin and the coking yield as well as the relationships between these parameters. The results will later be used in the preparation of optimal coal blends for coking in the real production conditions of OAO "Koks".


Hypothesis / aims of study Although the location of mesh to be found out is different, intravesically exposed mesh after midurethral sling procedures results from bladder erosion or missed intraoperative bladder perforation. It may results in considerable morbidity including stone formation and voiding difficulty and the mesh should be removed. We evaluated urinary functional outcomes according to the location of mesh.


Abstract : This AASERT project has explored the capability of a new tracking-based algorithm for extracting high quality potential surfaces from time-dependent laboratory data. The algorithm is based on a special inversion technique for tracking the temporal data as a means to extract its underlying potential surface information. The basic concepts for the algorithm have now been developed and successfully tested in several simulations. An attractive feature of the algorithm is its parallel structure with quantum mechanical control techniques, thus ultimately opening up the prospect of combining control and inversion of molecular dynamics into a single cooperative laboratory-based venture.


Objective: To verify the the effect of Shenfu(SF) Injection on TGF-β1 and IL-1β in paraquat intoxication.Methods: Measurements were determined at 7th,28th days post exposure.Fibrosis level of pulmonary fibrosis in acute paraquat intoxication was detected by HE.The intensity of expression of TGF-β1,IL-1β was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: The intensity of the TGF-β1 and IL-1βmeasured by immunohistochemistry was significantly lower in SF treated groups compare with the rats of acute paraquat intoxication model.SF 12 mL/kg can influence the intensity of the TGF-β1 and IL-1β expression significantly compare with other groups.Conclusion: SF injection could alleviate the lung injury and fibrosis from reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-1β.SF injection may have a role in diminishing the level of pulmonary fibrosis induced by acute paraquat intoxication by reducing inflammatory reaction.SF injection is a effective medicine to treat pulmonary fibrosis induced by acute paraquat intoxication.


The floristic studies were conducted in Sosnovoborsk for the first time by using the method of model sites. Sampling areas (7 model sites) were chosen according to geomorphological characteristics of the territory, phytocenotic diversity of the urban landscape, peculiarities of anthropogenic pressure. As a result, during the study all kinds of the wild plants, as well as selfreproducing invasive species with in the administrative boundaries of the city were recorded. The taxonomic analysis and participation of archegoniatae in the flora of Sosnovoborsk are presented.


The medical and educational care of motor‐handicapped children and young people in Sweden is described. Emphasis is on home care where possible. Regional and local institutions offer specialist treatment and educational facilities, and provide residential accommodation if desirable.


Wars and conflicts have played a tremendous role in the structural setup of the Bali Chamba societies and it has shaped the mentality of the people. This study provides an insight situation of the military elements of history with special focus on the contributions made by Bali Chamba women during inter-ethnic wars which correlated with various generations. The origin of these conflicts can be stress from Bali Chamba from the course of their migration, settlement and expansion in the Bamenda Grassfields of Cameroon. Women's role in conflict has contributed a solid formation of a valuable Bali military prowess and tradition based on organization, tactics and transmission. The military aptness has been transmitted from one generation to another, with adaptation to new realities based on the various historical epochs. An analysis of both primary and secondary data exploited for this study reveals that, women, though considered low-graded, were a vital force who made themselves a visible part of the Bali Chamba military history. This paper will Syllabus Review Vol. 8 (3), 2019 Syllabus Review Vol. 8 (3), 2019 Human & Social Science Series ©Ecole normale supérieure, University of Yaoundé 1 René Ngek & Rachel Tati/Syllabus Review, Human & social sciences series Vol 8(3) 2019 26 examine the causes of conflict, women as food providers, moral support, porters of booty and care providers.


This quantitative study was designed to investigate teacher preparation as an interactive system and examine whether individual approaches to preparation are associated with differential retention benefits across different teacher subgroups. Drawing on longitudinal data on mathematics teachers who entered teaching through the New York City Teaching Fellows (NYCTF) program, the study focused specifically on the first-school retention of two policy-relevant teacher subgroups, namely, (1) the graduates of very selective colleges and (2) Black and Latinx community-insiders. Whereas the latter all attended city high schools, the former generally did not. In part because the field lacks a well-substantiated theory of the relationship between teacher initial preparation and their retention, we drew on intersectionality theory and incorporated two-way interaction effects in quantitative models of the teachers' first-school retention. We found significant relationships between NYCTF's initial training and the teachers' retention and, further, that single approaches to initial training appeared to bestow different retention benefits to different teacher subgroups. We also found that the Black and Latinx community-insiders exhibited significantly higher rates of first-school retention than the elite college graduates and, for that matter, other NYCTF mathematics teachers. This result has clear implications for teacher recruitment and training and, in particular, the promise of developing community-based mathematics teachers who resemble the students they teach.


River is a precious gift for human civilization. It offers variable interactions with society, some of which are devastating while many are blessings. Accepting all the positive and negative impacts of riverine actions man has settled along the river side, has developed their social relationship and eventually form society. With continuous interaction with the river, various types of rituals, customs, emotions, affections have been established and forms deep sense to the existing value system. Sundarbans is one of the most beautiful land of rivers. It is designed by numerable rivers, creeks and especially mangrove forest. Riverine action and mangrove ecosystem of this region frames supernaturalism and particular myth of pluralistic culture and bind people in the guidance of value system. However, with increasing distance from the river, the normative values are gradually faded out. With this postulation, present investigation aims to capture the relationship between riverine environment and strength of normative values in respect to two separate communities – riverine and non-riverine. The paper keeps in mind that the people living away from the river has feeble interaction with river and so likely their normative value is imperceptibly influenced by it.


A model for analyzing test day records including both fixed and random coefficients was applied to the genetic evaluation of first lactation data for Holstein cows. Data comprising 87045 test-day milk yield records from calving between 1997 and 2001 from Holstein herds in 10 regions of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Six persistency of lactation measures were evaluated using breeding values obtained by random regression analyses. The Wilmink function was used to model the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. Residual variance was constant throughout lactation. Ranking for animals did not change among criteria for persistency measurements, but ranking changes were observed when the estimated breeding value (EBV) for persistency of lactation was contrasted with those estimated for 305-day milk yield (305MY). The rank correlation estimates for persistency of lactation and 305MY were practically the same for sire and cows, and ranged from -0.45 to 0.69. The EBVs for milk yield during lactation for sires producing daughters with superior 305MY indicate genetic differences between sires regarding their ability to transmit desirable persistency of lactation traits. This suggests that selection for total lactation milk yield does not identify sires or cows that are genetically superior in regard to persistency of lactation. Genetic evaluation for persistency of lactation is important for improving the efficiency of the milk production capacity of Holstein cows.


Combining the insights of scholars from the fields of religion, history, sociology and political science this book brings together genuine theoretical explorations and original case studies on civil religion, nationalism and globalization.