A replica of one of the 1660 Cherenkov detectors used in the ground array of the Pierre Auger Cosmic Ray Observatory in Argentina has been constructed on the roof of the VATLY astrophysics laboratory in Ha Noi (Viet Nam). We report on measurements of low amplitude signals using the detector to study event pairs occurring within a small time window. The data include time autocorrelation and charge distributions.


High-temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) tends to create a polygonal substructure in anstenite, with high resistance to recrystallizatio n. The properties of the polygonized structure are inherited by the products of phase transformations, which is responsible for the good properties of the steel [1]. Recrystallizatio n of austenite with a well-developed polygonized substructure during hot working has several characteristic features -- recrystallizatio n nuclei form preferentially by coalescence of subgrains and a high dislocation density is observed after recrystallizatio n [2], which may lead to repeated recrystallization. A polygonized substructure of austenite during HTMT is facilitated by moderate degrees and rates of deformation and also by alloying with elements inhibiting recrystallizatio n processes. However, uneven deformation and temperature fields will probably produce heterogeneous austenite due to uneven hardening and softening processes. In the general case, hot-worked austenite consists of sections with qualitatively different types of substructure -- substructures of hot working, polygonization, and recrystallizatio n. The heterogeneity of the substructure depends on the composition and original structure of the steel, the deformation conditions, and is especially characteristic for the case of comparable rates of hardening, polygonization, and recrystallizatio n processes with relatively even distribution of deformation through the section.


For rubber ring joints to resist plant root penetration in drier countries, it has been reported and promulgated into some national standards that a sufficiently high contact pressure between the rubber and the pipe must be maintained. The evaluation of the appropriate interfacial pressure to be used has been under discussion for some time and different values have been stated in different standards. This matter has been the subject of considerable controversy, and decisions on the interface pressure used will affect the performance and ease of insertion of a rubber ring joint. This paper reports and discusses previous and current research on root penetration past elastomeric joints, the existing test requirements of elastomeric pipe joints for resisting root penetration given in standards, and the inconsistencies in performance requirements across the different pipe material types. The initial interface sealing pressures for commonly used PVC, VC (vitrified clay) and FRC joints were assessed and these are discussed in light of the accelerated root intrusion tests performed in Black Hill Flora Centre in Adelaide, South Australia.


The weak convergences and vague convergences ofclassicalm easure play an im portantrole in random m athem aticstheory such astheclassicalprobability theory. In the locally com pactHausdorffspaces,the conceptofvague convergence ofsequences of com pactfuzzy m easureisintroduced, itsequivalentproposition isdiscussed and thecor- responding classicalresults aregeneralized.


(57) Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I) Heterocyclic carbamates, process for their preparation and medicaments containing them.


Following the widespread transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the majority of colleges and high schools canceled all face-to-face courses and athletic activities. As institutions allowed for athletes to return to campus, many institutions and government entities enacted requirements for the use of face masks or face coverings in public. Current research is being conducted to evaluate the epidemiology, recognition, treatment, and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease associated with SARS-CoV-2. At the time of this study, there is no published research on attitudes toward and usage of face masks or face coverings among certified athletic trainers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to describe these attitudes toward face masks or face coverings and usage in this context. A total of 265 certified athletic trainers participated in this study (age= 42 ± 12, years of certified experience = 18 ± 11). An electronic survey was sent to these participants via email to collect demographic information and assess their attitudes toward and usage of face masks or face coverings. Data was downloaded and analyzed using a commercially available statistics package. The overwhelming majority of certified athletic trainers in this study, agreed on some level, the use of face masks to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV2 was strongly supported by the available evidence (Strongly Agree = 55.8%, Agree = 26.4%, Somewhat Agree = 9.4%). Most athletic trainers also reported that their institutions currently had mandates in place requiring face masks during patient encounters and coworker interactions (Patient Encounters = 66.4%, Coworker Interactions = 57.4%). Most athletic trainers reported wearing face masks the majority of the time when entering public spaces outside of work. Athletic trainers cited influence of their personal use of face masks, was for personal health, health of those in their household, and attempting to be a role model of best practices for public health. The findings of this study suggest a majority of athletic


Though the political process leading to the 1985 farm bill has shunned proposals for significant policy change, commentators on U.S. food and agricultural policy continue to characterize the current policy environment as arriving at a turning point where fundamental realignment of policy is possible. Among the factors indicating a need for change, macroeconomic linkages have been singled out as primary sources of increasing difficulty in agricultural policy management. Implicit in this view is the idea that a heightened importance of macroeconomic factors represents a structural change in long-term patterns of development for the sector that has rendered current policies anachronistic. To advance such an idea is to ignore the historical record. Macroeconomic disturbances and their links to the agriculture sector are central in any historical account of the policy developments leading to direct federal government intervention in the agriculture sector. For example, the organized agricultural interest groups that emerged during the Populist protest of the late nineteenth century were motivated, in part, in response to the monetary restriction associated with the Greenback period and the return to fixed exchange rates under the gold standard in 1879 (Friedman and Schwartz). Continued price deflation into the mid-1890s and real interest rates that are estimated to have averaged 8.5% in the period 1870-89 (Summers, p. 212) proved particularly burdensome to debtridden farmers. The demands of the various farmer movements thus consisted of easy money (or an "elastic currency") created by government action, government funds for farm mortgages, and the subtreasury scheme for creation of government paper money with stored crops as collateral. The discontent voiced by farmers over the macroeconomic policies of the nineteenth century can be associated with later institutional changes that organized the Federal Reserve in 1913 and created the Federal Land Banks in 1916. Agricultural price support through provision of loans against crops was not achieved until 1933 with the creation of the Commodity Credit Corporation (Reiter and Hughes, pp. 1415-16). That policy change, along with other provisions for federal government intervention included in the Agricultural Adjustment Act, followed a farm crisis that had its origins in macroeconomic adjustments after World War I. Exports of agricultural products had expanded rapidly in the United States to supply the wartime needs of Europe. Rapid inflation accompanied the export expansion, and land prices and farm mortgage debt increased. This exacerbated farm sector adjustments when production was restored in Europe and when world liquidity was restricted as U.S. lending to Europe was curtailed. Overcapacity in world primary-product markets persisted and the combination of raw material overproduction and monetary deflation that occurred has been cited as a factor generating the broader economic collapse of the 1930s (Kindleberger, pp. 98-107). Unified political activity by farmers was also intense in the aftermath of World War I. The congressional farm bloc coalition of Republicans and Democrats came into existence in 1921 and sponsored legislation (e.g., the Capper-Volstead Act of 1922 and the Agricultural Credit Acts of 1923) aimed at improving farm conditions through promotion of cooperatives and expansion of credit. However, as the relative purchasing power of farmers continued to decline through the 1920s, the farm lobby organized around the theme of equality for agriculture and demanded more Margaret S. Andrews is a resident fellow, National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy, Resources for the Future; Gordon Rausser is a professor, Department of Agricultdral and Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley. Giannini Foundation Paper No. 785.


As the major impetus of the public sector reforms is a new managerialism in the public sector, this study focuses on the accounting practices, which might be seen as such or as innovations. The study draws upon two interventionist empirical investigations in applying an evolutionary conceptualisation of change. Creation is regarded as the exchange of information through formal and informal processes by the accounting and the service-oriented professionals. The results show that reporting practices are heavily related to satisfying accountability obligations to selected within-government groups. New contexts emerge out of partly political activities that constitute actors as networks. The emergence of the accountability innovation can be seen as a means of stabilising democracy whilst the operation of the reform provides a sense of reinforced managerial control.


ABSTRACT By 1860, Hawai'i's Indigenous population had declined by 75 per cent when compared to its estimated pre-contact level. Legislators and physicians attributed this crisis to the seasonal migration of Hawaiian prostitutes. After contracting syphilis from sailors in Honolulu, these women returned to their Native villages where they unwittingly spread the disease. Drawing on legislation, health reports, and newspapers, this article underscores the urban-rural nature of Hawai'i's syphilis epidemic by analyzing the 1860 Act to Mitigate the Evils and Diseases Arising from Prostitution (ATM). The law compelled prostitutes to enlist on a government registry, undergo medical inspections, and submit to treatment if infected. Arresting depopulation, adherents argued, hinged on the government's ability to police Indigenous women within a conspicuous urban environment. In designing and enacting the ATM, legislators and physicians characterized Honolulu as a syphilitic breeding ground that catalyzed Indigenous depopulation by sheltering transient carriers of this highly gendered disease.


Sir, There appears to be a difference of opinion among accident and emergency specialists as to whether patients with injuries over 48 h old should be regarded as inappropriate attenders or otherwise. Varying viewpoints may be reflected in the content of waiting room poster displays, departmental handouts, and in the advice given to patients by triage nurses and nurse practitioners. A prospective study was carried out in the accident and emergency department in Walsall over a 6 month period (1 October, 1989 to 1 March, 1990) to ascertain the extent to which delayed reporting of symptoms occurs with limb fractures and its effect on departmental workload. During the period of study, 24147 patients were seen in the department as first-time attenders. In the same period, 1867 patients were referred from the department to five weekly fracture and soft tissue injury clinics. A further 540 patients attended with limb injury sustained 48 h or over prior to initial attendance on self-suspicion of fracture. Of these 540 320 patients were thought to require Xrays on clinical grounds. A total of 117 were found to have fractures on X-ray examination. The fractures diagnosed are enumerated in Table 1 and the treatments required are enumerated in Table 2. The following reasons for delayed attendance were identified from the records: (1) Own remedies tried initially (28); (2) Difficulty in getting to hospital at the time of injury (20); (3) Self-exclusion of fracture and underestimation of injury severity (16); (4) Seen by another doctor who excluded a fracture clinically (11); (5) Away on holiday at time of injury (9); (6) Under influence of alcohol at time of injury (4); (7) In children, when the injury was not brought to the parents' attention (4); (8) Mentally handicapped with difficulty in assessment (3); (9) Non-accidental injury (1) and; (10) Inadequate documentation with unknown reason for delayed attendance (21). The delayed reporting of symptoms due to limb fractures appears not to have been discussed in the literature previously. However, fractures may have subtle presentations or may be of insidious onset. Also, stoical individuals may deliberately delay seeking medical attention While it is true that many of these late diagnosed fractures may either need symptomatic or no treatment, the identification of a fracture can allow clear prognostic information based on the anticipated healing time of the fracture diagnosed.


Population and environmental policies should be integrated because the problems of poverty population natural resources and the environment are closely related. Several international conferences have reached this conclusion. Unfortunately the "message" does not seem to have gotten through to officials and planners. Relationships between people and the environment are reciprocal. On 1 hand the demands and needs of a growing population will affect environmental quality and the resource base. On the other hand changes in resource availability and environmental quality affect the lives of people: their health their fertility their incomes their mobility. Many Third World countries have already tripled their populations since 1950. With respect to the environment there is clear evidence of serious and growing loss of woodlands increasing soil erosion desertification and mounting problems of atmospheric and water pollution. Of particular concern is the fact that population is often growing fastest in areas where the ecological and natural resource base is the most fragile and already deteriorating. Sustainable development is a necessary component of national and international security. Population growth affects environmental quality and resources. Diminished resources and environmental quality affect the lives of people. If sustainable development is to be more than a slogan the objective must be full integration of population environment and natural resource policies into national development strategies.


The Korean shamanistic tradition gave Nam June Paik's works characteristically Asian cultural features, while western music provided him with audio-visual techniques. Undoubtedly, Paik's work at West German Radio's electronic music studio motivated his initiation of a new art form, video art, and invention of a video synthesizer with Shuya Abe in the late 1960s. One can trace the marks of Korean shamanism from Paik's early works, notably his first video art exhibition, <Exposition of Music: Electronic Television>(1963), which featured a bleeding bull's head. Paik analogized Fluxus Happenings to Korean exorcist rituals as performances in which the shamans communicate with spectators. Paik revealed his identity as an Asian in a series of shamanistic performances coupled with destructive avant-garde gestures. Interestingly, some early Korean video artists share the shamanistic features of Paik's art. Among them are Hyun-Ki Park, Keun-Byung Yook, Hae-Min Kim, and Chan-Kyong Park. These early Korean video artists, like Paik, perceived a link between video images on monitors and the invocation of spirits in Korean shamanistic rituals. They regarded that artists are shamans or spiritual mediums connecting spectators and the invisible world. Unsurprisingly, then, the sounds and images of Korean exorcist rituals attracted Hae-Min Kim and Chan-Kyong Park whose works are specially reviewed here among other early Korean video artists. This paper focuses on shamanistic features in early Korean video art since Paik's initiation of video art in the 1960s.


Among the shortage of funds and inputs in vocational education,funds disequilibrium of source structure is its key and focus on the following performance: financial investment as the main channel increasingly weakened,vocational education tuition fees hold higher proportion of the total investment,inadequate and unstable investment in social forces.Therefore,based on the "quasi-public goods" attributes,in the spirit of "who benefits and who burden" principle,the Government's vocational education should be as the main investor of the responsibility and increase publicity in order to offer the students a good education platform,at the same time developing private vocational education,encouraging businesses to invest vocational education.


The Mermin-Ho relation expresses the vorticity of a coreless su(2) vortex in terms of the spin-1 or l vector which characterizes fully polarized superfluid textures. We generalize it to an su(N) vortex which is applicable to arbitrarily polarized superfluid textures with higher spin or angular momentum. The obtained relation is expressed in terms of the mean-field generators and their structure factors.


Summary Six hundred and seventeen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from sub-clinical mastitis cases in 63 dairy herds in Northern Ireland were typed using a set of 25 phages. Ninety-four per cent of the isolates were typable, with nine phages, predominantly from groups I and III, being responsible for almost all of the lysis. Although 68 phage patterns were found, six of them typed 47·2 % of the isolates. One strain accounted for 14·7% of the isolates, but the largest number of strains (44) was restricted to individual farms. The epidemiological significance of these findings for on-farm mastitis control is discussed.


The Numerical Control (NC) systems are only linear and circular interpolation function, and the non-circular curve must be fitted with them before processed. There are many algorithms of fitting curve with arc, but most of them have some shortcomings, such as the numbers of fitting data points and arcs segments are too many, the error controlling are difficult in arc fitting , the programming are difficult to meet the real-time NC processing requirement and so on. This paper proposed a new algorithm, which could quickly and automatically determine the best node for fitting curve with arc according to the change of curvature and the machining error. It could ensure the machining precision and efficiency. The algorithm could be directly completed programming and processing by the NCs macro program function without any other auxiliary software. The detailed algorithm process and the application programming were given.


The objective of the investigation presented is to determine the possible causes of the students' difficulties during the study of subtraction of integers. Considering as principal reference certain elements of the Theory of the Didactic Transposition, the results are formulated in terms of the evolution of the "scholarly knowledge"(historical note) and its transformations to become a school content according to the programs of study and some textbooks of upper secondary school in France (knowledge to be taught). This previous work is useful to contextualize and finally analyze the knowledge taught in two classes of fifth grade, explaining the difficulties found by the students.


Autonomous driving requires high-performance computing devices including general-purpose CPUs as well as specific accelerators, with GPUs having a key role due to their flexibility. Safety-critical microcontrollers have achieved ASIL-D compliance by implementing diverse redundancy with lockstep execution on-chip. However, a GPU does not provide diverse redundancy natively, thus failing to reach ASIL-D, which could only be reached with fully redundant lockstepped GPUs (2 GPUs) or pairing a GPU with another accelerator. However, both options may be infeasible due to procurement costs, and additional power, space and reliability costs to accomodate two devices. In this work, we present a variety of solutions to enable diverse redundant execution using only one GPU by taking advantage of the already internal redundancy of GPUs. We provide two lowly-intrusive hardware solutions and a software-only solution, with the latter evaluated directly on a real platform. In the case of the software-only solution, kernel execution on the GPU may require tailoring some parameters. With that objective, we also propose an algorithm that performs such tailoring automatically to guarantee software-only diverse redundancy on GPUs. Overall, our solutions allow achieving ASIL-D with a single GPU either with software-only solutions on a Commercial off-the-shelf GPU, or in a more efficient manner by introducing minor changes in the GPU design.


• The bottom set of figures shows the kind of nonlinear waveform distortion that occurs for surface waves in isotropic media (Rayleigh waves) or certain planes of mirror symmetry in cubic crystals. The waveforms shown in the plots correspond to an initially sinusoidal wave propagating along the surface in the x direction. The graphs show snapshots of the longitudinal and vertical velocity waveforms in the retarded time frame (moving along with the wave at the linear wave speed) at the various distances shown. Here the distance is scaled such that X=1 corresponds to a characteristic length scale (e.g., the estimated shock formation distance in cases where shocks form).


The invention discloses a heat pump heat recovery air-conditioning unit, which includes an air supply box, an air discharge box, a heat pump system and a power distribution control system, wherein the air supply box is used for processing outdoor fresh air and sending the air to indoor space; the air discharge box is used for discharging indoor stagnant air to outdoor space; an evaporator of the heat pump system is mounted in the air supply box, can be used for cooling air in case of refrigeration, and works as a condenser for heating air in case of heating; and the condenser of the heat pump system is mounted in the air discharge box, can be used for absorbing cold quantity in indoor air and outdoor air in case of refrigeration, and works as the evaporator for absorbing heat in the indoor air and outdoor air in case of heating. Therefore, cold and heat quantity in indoor discharge air can be recycled, so that energy is saved.


The present invention is a hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylate and a low monomer content from a diisocyanate, 1: 1 relates to the preparation and use of water added.


ABSTRACT The fragmented nature of arable landscapes and diverse cropping patterns often thwart the precise mapping of crop types. Recent advances in remote-sensing technologies and data mining approaches offer a viable solution to this mapping problem. We demonstrated the potential of using hyperspectral imaging and an ensemble classification approach that combines five machine-learning classifiers to map crop types in the Anand District of Gujarat, India. We derived a set of narrow/broad-band indices from the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) imagery to represent spectral variations and identify target classes and their distribution patterns. The results showed that Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Generalised Linear Model (GLM) had strong discriminatory image classification abilities with Area Under the Curve (AUC) values ranging between 0.75 and 0.93 for MaxEnt and between 0.73 and 0.92 for GLM. The ensemble model resulted in improved accuracy scores compared to individual models. We found the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and Moment Distance Ratio Right/Left (MDRRL) to be important predictors for target classes such as wheat, legumes, and eggplant. Results from the study revealed the potential of using one-class ensemble modelling approach and hyperspectral images with limited field dataset to map agricultural systems that are fragmented in nature.


As practice and culture,the micro-laboratory studies of SSK leads to cultural construction of science.Cultural construction of science is a holist epistemology.It will surpass extremeness and biases of early social construction of science of SSK and rescue SSK.


In antenatal clinics of obst�tric departments ultrasound is frequently used for various diagnostic reasons. Practically it has become one of the routine investigations, thus exposing the developing embryo and fetus to ultrasound waves many times during entire gestation. Many biological effects of ultrasound are known and various studies have been conducted to confirm these. This study was carried out to see the histological changes in the rat ovaries who were exposed to 5 MHz frequency ultrasound waves. Two experimental groups BI and Cl received 6 and 9 exposures respectively, of 5 minutes duration each time during their intrauterine developmental period. After parturition the female offsprings were grown to puberty and then dissected to obtain their ovaries for histological study and comparison with control. The results showed degenerative changes in secondary follicles. The cortex and medulla of ovaries showed moderate congestion and dilatation of blood vessels and lymphatics. Fibrotic and oedematous changes were also observed in the medulla. Morphometric observations revealed the mean diameter of graafian follicles was 490.6± 112.1 μm in control while the values in experimental groups B 1 and C 1 were 436.56±63.3 μm and 405.62±44.2 μm respectively. The mean diameter of Graffian follicles was reduced significantly in group Cl (p<0.05). The mean diameter of secondary oocytes in control was 47.34±11.2 and in experimental f,'TOups B 1 and Cl were 47.3±4.9 μm and 38.3± 12.7 μm respectively. These values were statistically non significant (p > 0.05).


Provable data possession (PDP) is a technique which is for ensuring the integrity of data in storage outsourcing. In this paper, we address the construction of an efficient PDP scheme for distributed cloud storage which supports the scalability of service and data migration, in which we consider the existence of multiple cloud service providers to cooperatively store and maintain the clients' data. We present a cooperative PDP (CPDP) scheme which was based on homomorphic verifiable response and hash index hierarchy. We prove the security of our scheme based on the multi-proven zero-knowledge proof system, which can satisfy things such as completeness, knowledge soundness, and zero-knowledge properties. In addition, we articulate the performance optimization mechanisms for our scheme, and in particular present an efficient method for selecting the optimal parameter values to minimize computation costs of clients and storage service providers. Our experiments show that our solution introduces lower computation and communication overheads in comparison with other non co-operative approaches.


The iteration space dependence graph (ISDG) of a loop captures the synchronization requirements of the execution of the loop on parallel machines. Some of the edges in an ISDG may correspond to redundant synchronization statements. We investigate the removal of such edges in the ISDG of a triply nested loop with constant dependences. We identify a class of triply nested loops with the property of uniform redundancy. In the case of a general triply nested loop, we characterize points in the iteration space at which a dependence is redundant.<<ETX>>


Colloidal photonic crystals show structural colors yet are generally opaque due to multiple scattering. To address this problem, composite colloidal crystals with a low index mismatch were prepared...


I. In a previous note (van Fraassen [I98I]) one of us presented a problem for the relative information rule in probability kinematics. This sequel will be made self-contained by presenting both the rule (INFOMIN) and the problem (Judy Benjamin problem) again. We will argue that the problem does not admit of a unique solution. Comparing three specific such solutions by two further criteria (quasi-empirical tests of rule performance), we find that INFOMIN is not the best on either count.


This paper describes numerical simulation for ZnxCd1xS/CdTe solar cells utilizing Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS 1D) simulator to explore the possibility of higher efficiency and stable among several cell structures with indium tin oxide (ITO) and cadmium stannate (Cd2SnO4) as front contact, zinc stannate (Zn2SnO4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) insertion as front back surface reflector (BSR) and zinc telluride (ZnTe) insertion as back BSR with copper (Cu) as back contact has been conducted in the conventional (SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Ag) CdTe cell structures in which CdS is replaced by zinc cadmium sulphide (ZnxCd1xS) as window layer. Efficiency as high as 18.4% has been found with 60 nm of ZnxCd1-xS window layer for x=0.15, 1 µm of CdTe layer and 100 nm Zn2SnO4 buffer layer without ZnTe. However, ZnO insertion shows low conversion efficiency of 8.92% and 13.35%, respectively with and without ZnTe. Moreover, it was found that the cell normalized efficiency linearly decreases with the increasing operating temperature at the temperature gradient of 0.35%/°C.


OBJECTIVE To analysis the antibiotics usage in emergency room of our hospital and to provide basis for rational clinical use and scientific management of antibiotics.METHODS The data about consumption quantity and consumption sum of antibiotics in emergency room of our hospital during Oct 2007-Oct 2008.10.1 were retrieved by computer management software in the department of emergency pharmacy for the analysis of the clinical use of antibiotics using the method of defined daily dose.RESULTS The proportion of antibiotics in the total in respect of consumption sum was 45.26%,within the scope of 50.00% stipulated by Ministry of Health;β-lactams antibiotics,lycomycins,and quinolones were the top 3 kinds of DDDs.CONCLUSIONS The use of antibiotics in emergency room of our hospital was basically rational during Oct 2007-Oct 2008,but it is necessary to strenghten management of antibiotics usage.


Summary The botanical results of the Italian Expedition AMF Mares—G.R.S.T.S. to Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego and Antarctica are given as far as the Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta are concerned. The itinerary of the journey from Buenos Aires to the Tierra del Fuego, along the eastern side of the Andes, through the Patagonian plains and in the coastal regions is given and details about the one day trips during the stay in the Tierra del Fuego, are supplied. The collections of the Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta amount to 241 collection numbers. They belong to 25 species of Pteridophyta and 134 of Spermatophyta. Besides them specimens of fungi, lichens, mosses and fossil plants were collected. The paper consists of an annotated list of the collections and some notes on the vegetation. In the list the species are arranged taxonomically and the following data are given for each of them: Latin name, author, collection data of each number, and occasionally notes on the taxonomy, nomenclature, ecology and geographi...


Participatory Action Research (PAR) is designed to promote active involvement in every stage of the research process by those who are conventionally the focus of research. PAR thereby replaces the traditional hierarchical approach to research with a commitment to mutual inquiry and local ownership. The ideals of PAR have been much written about, but very little PAR literature actually describes how the research unfolded in any particular context, so this article examines the way that mutual inquiry manifested itself in a deeply divided Native community. In this setting, Native participants wanted to learn more about internal community problems and were interested in taking advantage of non-Native time, research skills, and resources for that purpose. However, a history of oppression had left this community distrustful of outsiders (inhibiting mutual inquiry) and internally divided (inhibiting self-inquiry). The use of PAR allowed a tenuous alliance to develop between myself as an English Canadian and the members of this Native community. Our particular modifications to the theoretical PAR model facilitated the coordinated participation of community groups that were resistant to working together in a research process that revealed barriers to change in the community and clarified directions for action. To achieve our goals, the PAR principles of mutuality and public responsibility were altered considerably from the prescriptions found in the PAR literature.


The main aim of this work is to find a way to replace the current coding scheme implemented on AlSat-2; the second earth observation Algerian Microsatellite (2.5 m of resolution), to be implemented on the future high resolution earth observation Algerian Microsatellite, by the discovered Turbo Codes. This paper describes the performance of the Turbo Code - Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) Modem which was designed at the Centre of Satellite Development (CDS). This proof-of-concept modem is the outcome of a research and development (R&D) project entitled "Design of a smart adaptive communication system for the future satellite communication systems". The major technical contribution of this work is the new interleaver design using chaotic sequences to produce the dither in the golden interleaver. We compare the performance of Turbo codes for different interleaver sizes and a number of iteration equal to five with the performance of the industry standard rate 1/2, constraint length (K) seven, convolutional code. As example and for practical considerations, the interleaver length is fixed to be equal to 1024. To achieve a bit error rate (BER) of 10-5, a gain of about 3dB is reached when we replace the current scheme (convolutional encoder) with the suggested Turbo encoder.


The prolongation structure methodologies of Wahlquist—Estabrook [H.D. Wahlquist and F.B. Estabrook, J. Math. Phys. 16 (1975) 1] for nonlinear differential equations are applied to a more general set of coupled integrable dispersionless system. Based on the obtained prolongation structure, a Lie-Algebra valued connection of a closed ideal of exterior differential forms related to the above system is constructed. A Lie-Algebra representation of some hidden structural symmetries of the previous system, its Bäcklund transformation using the Riccati form of the linear eigenvalue problem and their general corresponding Lax-representation are derived. In the wake of the previous results, we extend the above prolongation scheme to higher-dimensional systems from which a new (2 + 1)-dimensional coupled integrable dispersionless system is unveiled along with its inverse scattering formulation, which applications are straightforward in nonlinear optics where additional propagating dimension deserves some attention.


In a jack device having a housing and, arranged in the housing light generating unit, the self-aligning relative to the housing is mounted and at least one light source, at least a first lens (330) for generating a first light plane and a second lens (340) for generating a second light level associated with a holding device (300) having a first and second retaining element (310, 320) for arranging the first and second lenses (330, 340) is provided, wherein the first lens (330) disposed on the first holding member (310) and the second lens (340) is arranged on the second holding element (320), and wherein the holding device (300) is adapted to the first and second lenses (330, 340) aligned at least substantially perpendicular to each other.


Improving Bumdes governance will always require identification of problems and solutions so that Bumdes can go to star 5. This activity carried out in 38 villages in Air Kumbang and Muara Sugihan districts, participants of each event by two Bumdes managers, the activities are divided into two days. Different, by collaborating with the sub-district government and Palembang Muhammadiyah University. The result of this activity is Bumdes has many internal problems. Furthermore, the solutions that must be immediately adopted are: fixing and strengthening, business mapping, and business selection evaluated through a business feasibility study, an evaluation of the AD / ART that has prepared, the need for a companion from the government, and universities and strengthening human resources.


The aim of this work is the coating of SiBNC fibers with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) for ceramic composite applications. h-BN is deposited from borazine in a vertical, hot-wall, atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD system. The effects of deposition parameters (e.g., temperatures, reactant concentrations, and gas velocity) on the deposition rates are investigated using Si(100) substrates statically placed at various positions in the reactor. The highest deposition rates are observed at 1090 °C. It is found that ammonia is necessary for a satisfying coating deposition and for low oxygen incorporation, though high concentrations decreased the deposition rate. The coating structures are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Based on the results of static h-BN deposition on Si substrates, h-BN is continuously and homogenously coated on SiBNC multifilaments with a fiber draw speed of 5 m h−1. The thickness of the coating on SiBNC fibers is 180–200 nm as measured by SEM. The h-BN coatings from our experiments have no influence on the mechanical strength of the SiBNC fibers.


INTRODUCTION: Sudden cardiac arrest treatment is challenging, And the effectiveness of resuscitation procedures — especially in pre-hospital conditions — is low. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in cardiac arrest on the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival to hospital discharge. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science up to May 25, 2020, and we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. We synthesized results by using mean differences, and odds ratios. The overall incidence and outcome of cardiac arrest were assessed using a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. Survival to discharge was higher in magnesium sulfate group compared to placebo group (9,5% vs. 8.2% respectively; OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.61, 2.23; p = 0.64). Higher survival rate to hospital admission was observed in the placebo group — 26.9% compared to the group where magnesium was administered — 25.7% (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.47; p = 0.77. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicates no statistically significant benefit of resuscitation with magnesium sulfate compared to the placebo. Thus, due to the low number of studies we recommend future randomized controlled trials to identify which anti-arrhythmic drug we should use on shock-refractory cardiac arrest.


Abstract Current interpersonal theory and research considers motives and goals as important determinants of interpersonal functioning. In this article we examine the relationships between goals and interpersonal problems. In a survey with clinical and nonclinical samples we analyze the associations of two goal types (approach and avoidance goals) and two goal dimensions (goal intensity and goal satisfaction) with diverse interpersonal problems. We specify the relationships of goals with interpersonal problems by locating the goals in the interpersonal space via their correlations with the Dominance and Love dimensions of the interpersonal circle. Intensity and satisfaction of approach– and avoidance–goal scales can be reliably localized in the interpersonal space across samples. The findings contribute to the continuous revision of the interpersonal model and their implications for psychotherapeutic practice are discussed.


In this work, we obtain backscattered signals from human forehead for wavelengths from 380 to 980 nm. The results reveal bands with strong pulsatile signals that carry useful information. We describe those bands as the most suitable wavelengths in the visible and NIR regions from which heart and respiratory rate parameters can be derived using long distance non-contact reflection photoplethysmography analysis. The latter results show the feasibility of a novel technique for remotely detection of vital signs in humans. This technique, which may include morphological analysis or maps of tissue oxygenation, is a further step to real non-invasive remote monitoring of patients.


Background Sex hormones might affect the severity and evolution of bronchial asthma. From existing literature, there exists, however, no convincing evidence for either exacerbation or improvement of allergic symptoms by progesterone.


The landslides are one of the well-known natural hazards occurring on the North East Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. The previous researches that take into account the geological and meteorological peculiarities of this region confirmed that the geomorphological conditions in this region are extremely favorable for landslide formation. Two are the main drivers that are being responsible for activation of the landslide processes in the area investigated. The first one is the sea erosion and the other is the increasing groundwater level. The influence of those is highly aggravated by the construction activities that took place in the last decades and the lack of sewerage networks. Those findings are based on information provided by the national authority responsible for monitoring and filing the landslides in Bulgaria. This was the motivation for developing and implementing reliable and accurate method for operational monitoring of the landslide processes in the said area. For development of such method data from SAR instruments were used. In this specific study data from Sentinel-1 SAR mission were processed by the freely provided by ESA SNAP software. Final results are interferometric images (IFIs) providing information about the ground movements. In this paper we present results reflecting the subsidence in the area of a landslide located some 20km north of the Albena resort. In the last decade two events have caused damages to the infrastructure in the area - one occurred in January 2015 which was attributed to the heavy rains the previous summer and the other took place in mid of August 2018. Both have been studied by processing SAR data for the periods mentioned. The results obtained are considered reliable since they have been reaffirmed by geodetic surveys and other terrain measurements. The outcomes of this research will contribute to better understanding the ongoing slow movements of the Earth's crust, and for forecasting and early warning of geological hazards.


Experiments were carried out in a flow cell apparatus under conditions corresponding to those of a typical oxygen-iodine laser. The cell was equipped with a chemical jet type singlet oxygen generator and an electric discharge for the production of iodine atoms. The properties of the discharge generator and the active medium were studied using laser-induced fluorescence and emission spectroscopy. I2 or CH3I entrained in a carrier flow of Ar were used as atomic iodine precursors. About 50% of the iodine contained in CH3I molecules was extracted in the generator. 2.6% of the electric power loaded into the discharge was used in CH3I dissociation. Right after the discharge 80%–90% of the iodine flow consisted of atoms. However, due to recombination during transport, only 20%–50% of atoms remained at the point of injection into the oxygen flow. A straightforward comparison of two methods of oxygen-iodine medium production—conventional, by means of I2 dissociation in the singlet oxygen flow and with iodine atoms...


This article has two main purposes: 1)to seek to find a better political finance system which ensures democratic consolidation in Latin America and...


From the viewpoint of Industria and System Engineering, the paper analyses the basic activities of construction project cycle and main factors affecting the construction cost. It illustrates the nature and function of engineering consultancy, and approaches its role for controling the construction cost.


Oxoperoxovanadium (V) complexes [VO (O)2 (nf) (bp)] (1) and [VO (O)2 (ox) (bp)] (2) based on 5-nitro-2-furoic acid (nf), oxine (ox) and 2, 2′ bipyridine (bp) bidentate ligands have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-visible, mass, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The structure of complex 2 shows distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry, as confirmed by a single-crystal XRD diffraction study. The interactions of complexes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) are investigated using UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. It has been observed that CT-DNA interacts with complexes through groove binding mode and the binding constants for complexes 1 and 2 are 8.7 × 103 M−1 and 8.6 × 103 M−1, respectively, and BSA quenching constants for complexes 1 and 2 are 0.0628 × 106 M−1 and 0.0163 × 106 M−1, respectively. The ability of complexes to cleave DNA is investigated using the gel electrophoresis method with pBR322 plasmid DNA. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the complexes is evaluated against the HeLa cell line using an MTT assay. The complexes are subjected to density functional theory calculations to gain insight into their molecular geometries and are in accordance with the results of docking studies. Furthermore, based on molecular docking studies, the intermolecular interactions responsible for the stronger binding affinities between metal complexes and DNA are discussed.


Methotrexate is "dramatically" underutilized, prescribed at suboptimal levels, prescribed for too short of periods and is not administered correctly, researchers report.


The current paper describes research, examining the daytime lighting requirements for windshield based human machine interface (HMI) components of self-driving cars or highly autonomous vehicles (HAVs). The results of this study showed a significant rightward attentional bias in the detection of amber LEDs at low luminosity levels. The rightward bias persists at different viewing angles. However, this bias is absent for white LEDs. These results support the Saliency-Effort-Expectancy-Value (SEEV) model [12] of selective attention. These results highlight that priority should be given to the driver side for placement of critical external HMI components, especially those with lower perceptual saliency.


The results of reflectivity measurements for An3P2 and Zn3As2 in the energy range 0.5-5 eV for polarised light, e//c and e perpendicular to c, at room temperature are presented. By using a modified algorithm for the Kramers-Kronig analysis the optical constants of both compounds have been calculated. Utilising group theory the selection rules for the optical transitions in these compounds have been specified and the observed structure of the reflectivity spectra has been related to the possible interband transitions.


This paper presents a managerial project control scheme in which the time between the control points is not fixed but instead is a function of the distance between the planned and the current performance levels. Varying the reviewing interval improves the efficiency of the project monitoring and control process and allows project managers to obtain the required information more quickly. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, a systematic computational experiment is carried out. Besides, a practical case study is given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed scheme. The results reveal the satisfactory performance of the adaptive control scheme.


My aim in this work is to offer a bibliography of the nineteenth-century Spanish writer, Adelardo Lopez de Ayala. I separate my work in two sections: bibliography «by» Adelardo Lopez de Ayala and bibliography «about» Adelardo Lopez de Ayala. In the first section I follow a chronological order and in the second section an alphabetical order.


Introduction: Children are like butterflies. They really love to explore the living surroundings they live. The environment they live has many potential hazards. Unintentional injuries are mainly responsible for many injury and death in children especially under five children. But most of the potential risks can be avoided if the parents of under five children are aware of the risk factors in their surroundings and children should be properly taken care by their parents. There are many causes of injury and death among children but most of the leading causes are Drowning, Falling, Burns, Choking and Poisoning. Educating and giving awareness to parents about the preventive measures which should be adopted to prevent these injuries can save the children especially under five thereby reducing the mortality rate upto 90 percentage. Statement of Problem: A Study to Assess the level of Knowledge and Attitude regarding Home safety measures on unintentional injuries among mothers of under- five children at Paediatric units, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry. Objectives: 1. To assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding home safety measures on unintentional injuries among mothers of under five children. 2. To find out the association between level of knowledge and attitude regarding home safety measures on unintentional injuries among mothers of under five children with selected demographic variables. Methodology: Data was collected over a period of one week in march 2020.Exploratory research approach is used in this study and descriptive research design is used to assess the knowledge and attitude regarding home safety measures on unintentional injuries among mothers of under five children. Mothers of under five children who fulfil inclusion criteria were selected using Purposive Sampling Technique and the sample size is 67. Data was collected using structured questionnaire. The data collected will be analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Fisherman exact test was used to test the association between level of knowledge regarding home safety measures on unintentional injuries among mothers of under five children with selected demographic variables. Results: In the present study, level of knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding home safety measures on unintentional injuries revealed that 21(31.34%) were having inadequate knowledge, 37(55.22%) mothers were having moderately adequate knowledge, 9 (13.43%) mothers were having adequate knowledge regarding home safety measures on unintentional injuries. The level of attitude of mothers of under five children regarding home safety measures revealed that 67(100%) of the mothers were having favourable attitude regarding home safety measures on unintentional injuries. Conclusion: The researchers gave health education leaflets to all the mothers of under-five children in order to improve the knowledge of the mother so that risks of unintentional injury can be reduced thereby reducing mortality rate of under five children.


Consider (M, g) a compact, boundaryless Riemannian manifold admitting an Anosov geodesic flow. Let ε < min{1, λmax 2 } where λmax is the maximal expansion rate for (M, g). We study the semiclassical measures μsc of ε-logarithmic modes, which are quasimodes spectrally supported in intervals of width ε ~ | log ~| , of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on M . Under a technical assumption on the support of a signed measure related to μsc, we show that the lower bound for the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy of μsc generalizes that of Ananthamaran-Koch-Nonnenmacher [2]. A feature of our results is the quantitative nature of our bounds on hyperbolic manifolds. Via previous results of the author with Nonnenmacher [18] and Silberman [19], we provide another demonstration of the existence of ε-logarithmic modes whose semiclassical measures possess zero entropy ergodic components yet have other components with positive entropy.


Multienzyme-mimic redox nanozymes, curated by defect engineering, in synergy with immunotherapy offer promising prospects for safe and efficient cancer therapy. However, the spatiotemporally precise immune response often gets challenged by off-target adverse effects and insufficient therapeutic response. We herein report a tumor cell membrane-coated redox nanozyme (CMO-R@4T1) for combinational second near-infrared (NIR-II) photothermal immunotherapy. CMO-R@4T1 consists of a Cu-doped MoOx (CMO) nanozyme as the core, which is cloaked with tumor cell derived fused membranes with immunostimulants immobilized in the membrane shell. In addition to the enhanced tumor accumulation, the nanozyme can cause oxidative damage to tumor cells by the production of reactive oxygen species and attenuation of the antioxidant mechanism. CMO-R@4T1 also mediates a photothermal effect under NIR-II photoirradiation to trigger tumor eradication and immunogenic cell death, where the liberated agonist elicits the immune activation. Such controlled therapeutic paradigm potentiates systemic primary tumor ablation, inhibits cancer metastasis to distant tumor, and procures long-term immunological memory. Thereby, this study takes advantage of defect engineering to illustrate a generic strategy to prepare cell membrane camouflaged nanozymes for targeted photo-immunotherapy of cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


High-voltage direct current (HVDC) is more and more often implemented for long distance electrical energy transmission, especially for off-shore wind farms. In this study, a full DC off-shore wind farm, which requires a high-power and high-voltage DC/DC converter, is considered. In order to reduce the size of the converter, the trend is to increase operating frequency. Silicon carbide (SiC) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are becoming industrially available and give scope for the realisation of high-performance DC/DC converters based on modular architectures. This study presents a prospective analysis of the potential of such devices in HVDC power systems. Considering the characteristics of Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor and SiC MOSFET power modules, two DC/DC converter topologies are compared in terms of losses and number of components. In conclusion, a study of the efficiency based on converter energy loss is presented.


Let p ∈ (1,∞) and Ω ⊂ R be a domain. Let A := (aij) ∈ L∞loc(Ω;R N×N ) be a symmetric and locally uniformly positive definite matrix. Set |ξ|2A := N ∑ i,j=1 aij(x)ξiξj , ξ ∈ R , and let V be a given potential in a certain local Morrey space. We assume that the energy functional Qp,A,V (φ) := ∫ Ω [|∇φ|pA + V |φ| ]dx is nonnegative in W (Ω) ∩Cc(Ω). We introduce a generalized notion of Qp,A,V -capacity and characterize the space of all Hardy-weights for the functional Qp,A,V , extending Maz'ya's well known characterization of the space of Hardy-weights for the p-Laplacian. In addition, we provide various sufficient conditions on the potential V and the Hardy-weight g such that the best constant of the corresponding variational problem is attained in an appropriate Beppo-Levi space. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 49J40; Secondary 31C45, , 35B09, 35J62.


Locality Preserving Projection-SIFT is an effective method which can extract the feature,but based on LPP is known to suffer from singular value problem.Therefore,using LPP-SIFT of Singular Value Decomposition(SVD) was proposed(SVD_LPP_SIFT).In the algorithm,SIFT was used to extract feature.Then the data of the low dimensional sample space projection subspace were obtained according to the LPP method.In the algorithm,the sample data were projected on a non-singular orthogonal matrix to solve the problem of singular value.The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the SVD_LPP_SIFT approach for face recognition on Yale,ORL.


Electricity is presently generated on the island of Nevis by a combination of a 12.3 MWe diesel power plant and a 2.2 MWe wind-farm. The island presently has a peak demand of approximating 9.5 MWe. With a conscious drive towards becoming less dependent on fossil fuels for power generation and seeking to reduce the cost of electricity, it is proposed that geothermal power will be added to this energy mix within the next three years. It is necessary, however, to take a well-structured approach towards this geothermal integration, wherein a holistic assessment is taken of the existing power generation and distribution infrastructure with the view of how geothermal power can be best utilized; adjustments to the existing power system may be necessary to achieve this goal. This report carries out such an assessment, highlights the areas for improvement and ultimately proposes a centralized operation and control system that would enable the Nevis Electricity Company Ltd. to unify the operation and control of all three generating stations, and the transmission and distribution grid in the most economical and ergonomic way possible.


New experimental and theoretical results are presented on the 14N(ɑ,γ)^(18)F reaction. A new resonance has been found at E_ɑ = 0.56 MeV with (2J + l)ΓɑΓγ/Γ = 2.8 ± 0.5 X 10^(-4) eV (lab). From a theoretical calculation of the cross-section for direct radiative capture, and an extrapolation of the tails of the measured resonances to E_ɑ = 0.0, a value S ≈ 0.7 MeV-barns is estimated for the nonresonant S-factor. The reaction rate is calculated, and the significance of this rate is discussed. It is found that in most stars ɑ-capture by ^(14)N takes place after the initiation of helium burning by the 3ɑ → ^(12)C reaction.


In this paper, we will find in terms of Fourier integrals an exact expression for the magnetic and electric fields generated by an infinite solenoid where an arbitrary current density J(t) flows. Considering the central region of an infinite solenoid, we will obtain an exact expression relating the flowing current and the magnetic and electric fields as functions of the time. Being an exact expression, it will allow us to go beyond the quasistatic approximation. The result can apply in theoretical problems and experimental setups where the flowing current may change abruptly in time, such as pulsed or stochastic currents.


AbstractIs China's population too large? Let me first consider two possible concerns about a large population. The first is that the food supply is insufficient to feed the Chinese population. China's food production is close to being sufficient to feed its population, but agricultural sufficiency is not necessary. China and other countries which do not produce enough food can always buy it from the world market. The question therefore is whether the world food supply is sufficient to feed the world's population. The answer is definitely yes. In 1798 Thomas Malthus was concerned that because land was limited but population kept on increasing, the food supply would become insufficient. His prediction was wrong because the advance in technology in food production has outpaced the increase in population. Food supply per person today is much higher than in Malthus's time. We can expect a continued increase in food supply per person in the future. Since China's national output has continued to increase, it can afford to increase its food consumption per capita, by buying food from the world market if necessary…


Emerging pollutants are an increasing problem in wastewater globally. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one compound belonging to this group. This work proposes the study of the employment of several metal-supported (2 wt. %) carbon nanospheres (CNS) for BPA degradation by catalytic wet-air oxidation. Several techniques were used for the catalyst characterization: thermogravimetry, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR), determination of isoelectric point, elemental analysis, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. Different loads of Ru in the catalyst were also tested for BPA degradation (1, 2, 5, 7, and 10%), being the first minimum value to achieve a conversion above 97% in 90 min 2 wt. % of Ru in the CNS-Ru catalyst. In the stability test with CNS-Ru and CNS-Pt, CNS-Pt demonstrated less activity and stability. Two potential models were proposed to adjust experimental data with CNS-Ru(2%) at different conditions of BPA initial concentration, catalyst mass, temperature, and pressure of the reaction. Both models showed a high determination coefficient (R2 > 0.98). Finally, the efficiency of CNS-Ru and CNS-Pt was tested in a real hospital wastewater matrix obtaining better results the CNS-Pt(2%) catalyst.


To efficiently simulate the thin dielectric sheet with high contrast problem, a modified TDS scheme is presented. By conducting the dimensional analysis, the various magnitude values of the system matrix diagonal elements in different sheets (with different electric parameters) are identified. In this regard the scaling factors of different sheets are previously calculated by pickingno more than two basis functions from each sheet layer. The impedance matrix is later calculated with the scaling factors, and the resulting system matrix is therefore quasi-normalized. Compared with the conventional TDS model, the proposed scheme is better conditioned with ignorable computational cost. The results of the numerical examples have demonstrated the satisfactory accuracy and considerable saving of the total CPU time in comparison with the precious methods.


The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence and character of 'empowerment' as an approach used by women's shelters, crime victim support groups and municipal crisis centres that provide support for battered women in Sweden. The study was based on a mail survey distributed among representatives of local crime victim support groups and women's shelters run by non-governmental organisations and the public sector (N = 207). The survey showed that empowerment was perceived as similar to the already established 'help to self-help' approach. Empowerment was described as a tool for individual change rather than collective action, although links to power-sensitivity and social change did appear in some answers. Contrary to expectations, the use of empowerment was not accompanied by comments on problematic power relations and difficulties in merging a non-directive approach with professional responsibilities. Using neo-institutional theory, results were interpreted in relation to established work-patterns and problems that empowerment was perceived to solve.


The BCI based on motor imagery EEG was investigated,and according to the phenomenon of event-related desynchronization and event-related synchronization of motor imagery EEG,band power of both μ and β rhythm of motor imagery datasets provided by Graz University were extracted as features.In order to avoid the shortcoming of deciding the time window length by experience,a kind of cross validation method was used,and after the comparison of several classification methods,the best window length of 2 seconds with support vector machine was determined the best,and the maximum mean classification accuracy of training datasets was 91.4%,the maximum classification accuracy of testing datasets was 87.9%,the maximum mutual information was 0.56bit,which means the band power extraction method of this paper with support vector machine are quite fit for the research of BCI.


We study uniform 3-star polymers with one branch tethered to an attractive surface and another branch pulled by a force away from the surface. Each branch of the 3-star lattice is modelled as a self-avoiding walk (SAW) on the simple cubic lattice with one endpoint of each branch joined at a common node. Recent theoretical work van Rensburg and Whittington (2018 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51 204001) found four phases for this system: free, fully adsorbed, ballistic and mixed. The mixed phase occurs between the ballistic and fully adsorbed phase. We investigate this system by using the flatPERM Monte Carlo algorithm with special restrictions on the endpoint moves to simulate 3-stars up to branch length 128. We provide numerical evidence of the four phases and in particular that the ballistic-mixed and adsorbed-mixed phase boundaries are first-order transitions. The position of the ballistic-mixed and adsorbed-mixed boundaries are found at the expected location in the asymptotic regime of large force and large surface-monomer interaction energy. These results indicate that the flatPERM algorithm is suitable for simulating star lattice polymers and opens up new avenues for numerical study of non-linear lattice polymers.


Rocks hosting the Silver Queen epithermal Au–Ag–Zn–Pb–Cu vein deposit near Owen Lake, British Columbia, belong to the Tip Top Hill volcanics. They are lithologically similar to the informally named Upper Cretaceous Kasalka Group rocks exposed in the type area at Tahtsa Lake, 75 km southwest of the deposit, and at Mount Cronin, 100 km northwest of the deposit. The Kasalka Group rocks in the Tahtsa Lake area give questionable dates of 105 ± 5 Ma by K–Ar on whole rock but are cut by intrusions dated at 83.8 ± 2.8 Ma by K–Ar on biotite. The sequence at the Silver Queen deposit includes a polymictic conglomerate, followed upward by felsic fragmental rocks and a thick porphyritic andesite flow and sill unit, cut by microdiorite and quartz–feldspar porphyry intrusions. The porphyritic andesite and the microdiorite have been dated as Late Cretaceous (78.3 ± 2.7 and 78.7 ± 2.7 Ma, respectively, by K–Ar on whole rock), close to previous dates for these rocks (77.1 ± 2.7 and 75.3 ± 2.0 Ma, respectively). The quartz–...


Physical activity has many favourable influences on the general health of children, teenagers and adults. Regular physical activity can reduce morbidityand mortality. By the help of regular physical activity body weight can be reduced, lean body mass increased, there are data on the improvement oftotal cholesterol levels - increase in HDL cholesterol and decrease in LDL cholesterol, improved insulin sensitivity and increased bone density. Physicalactivity in early childhood can be an important step toward the lifestyle and general health in adulthood. An active lifestyle helps to prevent obesity in teenagers, and on the other hand reduces mortality in adulthood. It is very important that children start early (before the age of 12) with regular physical activity, and that physical activity is continued during teenage years and the adulthood. Children who are physical active rarely smoke and drink akohol beverages. Cardiorespiratory or aerobic exercises and musele strength training are extremely important for chronicallyilI childrenc it reduces tiredness and improves the quality of life. This paper presents guidelines for regular physical activity in healthy children and adolescents.


From the Publisher:
Get a life with the SimsTM
·How to climb the career ladder, throw a raging party, and care for a Sim baby
·Full NPC profiles
·Tips for success in two-player mode
·How to keep your Sim's motives high
·Tips for successful Sim-matchmaking
·Strategies for completing every Get A Life level
·Instructions for unlocking special objects and skins
·How to shape your Sim's personality


This project report focuses on the efforts made by three groups of participants to maintain the use of Chinese community languages in everyday life in Penang, Malaysia. Semistructured interviews acted as a data source. Analysis of the data revealed various efforts made by the participants, including everyday interactions and language teaching, which indicate that the Chinese community in Penang is keen to maintain their community languages to pass on to future generations.


This work aims to clarify the nano-structural transformation accompanying the loss of activity and selectivity for H2O2 synthesis of Pd and AuPd nanoparticles supported on N-functionalized carbon nanotubes (NCNTs). High resolution XPS allowed discriminating metallic Pd, electronically-modified metallic Pd hosting impurities and cationic Pd. This is paralleled by morphological heterogeneity observed by HRTEM where nanoparticles with 2 nm average size coexist with very small Pd clusters. The morphological distribution of Pd is modified after reaction through sintering and dissolution/redeposition pathways. The loss of selectivity is correlated to the extent of these processes occurring as a result of the particle instability at the carbon surface. We assign beneficial activity in the selective hydrogenation of oxygen to the Pd clusters with a modified electronic structure as compared to Pd metal or Pd oxides. These beneficial species are formed and stabilized on carbons modified with N atoms in substitutional positions. The formation of larger metallic Pd particles not only reduces the number of active sites for the synthesis but enhances the activity for the deep hydrogenation to water. The structural instability of the active species is thus detrimental in a dual way. Minimizing the chance of sintering of Pd clusters by all means is thus the key to better performing catalysts.


The problem of designing active control schemes for flutter suppression in flexible aircraft is discussed in this paper. Based on a well-posed state-space formulation we present an abstract framework to study approximation techniques for the active flutter control of an airfoil with flap in two-dimensional unsteady flow of an inviscid, incompressible fluid.


We point out that the quantum de Finetti representation, unique for infinitely extendable exchangeable systems, assigns a non-zero Quantum Discord to uncorrelated systems and thus cannot serve as an universal prior distribution in the Bayesian Quantum Tomography. This apparent paradox stems from linearity of the Born rule for the probability assignment in Quantum Mechanics, which results in mixing of one's knowledge about the quantum state and the representative of the state in one density matrix.


Cervical cancer is the third neoplasm in frequency worldwide between women. Screening techniques in general population have demonstrated clear effectiveness as its implementation has decreased cervical cancer incidence and mortality more than 70% in several countries. This benefit is related with detection of early pre-malignant asymptomatic lesions, that can be treated to avoid their progression to invasive cancer. Papanicolau cervical smear is the most common cancer screening technique worldwide used since described by Giorgios Papanicolau on 1928. Sampling techniques have been improved in last years, based on simplifying and automatizing procedures. However, after preparing the samples, an expert review of the microscopic images is needed. There are few automatic diagnostic methods published, but their results are not as good as an expert examination. In this paper, we develop a microscopic cervical cells database using Papanicolau cervical smears from our patients, sampled few minutes before performing a cone biopsy on them. With this procedure, we have both the cervical smear and the biopsy diagnostics, tagged as Gold Standard. Then, a deep-learning methodology is performed for the automatic categorization of pre-malignant and benign cervical cells. We use the the Caffe deep-learning framework to leverage NVIDIA GPU computing architectures to deal with this real patient database in a reduced time-frame. Our results reveal the deep learning methodology is robust in this biomedical classification, reaching up to 78% Accuracy.


Eight years after the Justice and Development Party (AKP) ascended to power in Ankara, U.S.-Turkish relations stand at a critical juncture: bilateral tensions surrounding regional flashpoints like Iran and the Israeli-Palestinian peace process have heightened, and even the six-decade-old NATO-Turkish relationship can no longer be taken for granted, as evidenced by Turkey's current reluctance to endorse the NATO missile project. As the ruling AKP leadership continues to actively oppose central pillars of U.S. Middle East policy, Washington should reach out directly to the Turkish public through serious public diplomacy initiatives, while encouraging the Turkish government to consider both the benefits of having America in its corner -- and the costs of rejecting U.S. support.


Electrical properties of vacuum-evaporated SiO/GeO2 thin films are investigated. Voltage-current characteristics during and after electroforming have been studied for different samples having dielectric thicknesses from 35–250 nm. The electro-formed devices exhibit electron emission in vacuum and the circulating current peaks in the Vb - Ic characteristics of formed devices have been observed to change in position and magnitude with the change in ambient pressure. The results are discussed in the light of the filamentary conduction model.


In this paper a new approach is presented for improving grid inertia based on a Photo-Voltaic (PV) farm in conjunction with a fully active Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) comprising of battery and ultra-capacitor. The approach captures grid dynamics using the inverter voltage angle deviation and an error minimization based control is designed for frequency regulation. For this purpose, PV and HESS are integrated at a common DC link that feeds a three phase voltage source inverter (VSI). For demonstration and validation of the proposed approach, a modified IEEE 13 bus and modified IEEE 123 bus power distribution system models are used. It has been observed that the proposed architecture control the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and primary frequency and secondary frequency response without the need of frequency-droop information of the system, there by ensuring grid stability that utilize renewable energy based resources.


The main play in the Rostov area on the south margin of the Russian platform is a thick carbonate section of the Lower and Middle Carboniferous. These sediments rest transgressively on a pre-Baykalian crystalline basement, which has a block structure. The Tournaisian, Visean, Serpukhov stages of the Lower Carboniferous and the lower part of the Bashkirian stage of the Middle Carboniferous are represented by these carbonates. Depth to their top ranges from 100 m on the north in the crest area of the Voronezh regional high to 2500-3500 m on the south toward the North Donets overthrust. Thickness of the carbonate section is 100-1000 m. Deposition during the Tournaisian stage was during active tectonism, and abundant clastic material is present in the carbonates. Conditions then became stabile and bioherms began to form at the beginning of Serpukhov time in the transition zone between shallow- and deep-water basins along the margin of a platform shelf. Common depth point seismic surveys through the Serebryan, Dubov, and Vlasov structures disclosed a convex reef and pinchout of flanking sedimentary beds. Well logs show a Serpukhov-Krasnopolyan barrier reef within low permeable clayey-carbonate rocks. The width of the reef zone is 10-16 km in its western part and is tens of kilometers long. Thickness of the reef is 170-210 m. Testing this reef complex in the Tishkin area yielded 600 m 3 per day of highly mineralized formation water. Geologic the area early Bashkirian in the south the basin some clastic material continued the


The treatment with ·-interferon (IFN-·) meets a standard in the adjuvant setting for high-risk melanoma [1–3]. A lot of side effects under IFN-· therapy are known. Mild alopecia of the diffuse type is a common side effect in the treatment with IFN-· [4]. It is more often seen in women and normally reversible after the end of treatment. To our knowledge, an alopecia areata under IFN-· therapy has not yet been described in the literature. We report about a 44-year-old male patient presenting with an uncommon hair loss as an unusual side effect under low-dose IFN-· therapy (3 ! 3 MIU weekly s.c.). He suffered from malignant melanoma stage IIa (AJCC 2002) and developed a progressive hair loss under adjuvant IFN treatment. The pattern of the alopecic scalp first recalled a 'moth-eaten alopecia' type of a specific alopecia seen in patients with lues specifica. The patient is treated in a multicenter melanoma trial of the German National Dermatological Cooperative Oncology Group (DeCOG/ADO) with IFN-· in a low-dose schedule (3 ! 3 MIU s.c.). Besides the IFN-· treatment, the patient received no other medication. The immunotherapy started in April 2002. In May 2002, the patient observed hair loss in the occipital area of the scalp for the first time. During the follow-up of the last 18 months, the hair loss increased in some alopecic areas. A regrowth of depigmented hair was observed. The patient prefers to continue the adjuvant treatment despite the hair loss. We observed multiple nonscarring alopecic areas up to 2 cm in diameter on the scalp of our patient (fig. 1, 2). Inflammation was not present; a few exclamation mark hairs were visible (fig. 3). A large number of hairs, particularly with dystrophic ends, could be extracted by gentle pulling. A tonsural pattern of baldness with hairs of varying length was not seen [5]. The eyebrow, eyelashes, axilla and pubic hair were normal. No pitting of the nails was observed. A biopsy specimen showed several terminal hair follicles but no miniature hair. In the area of the hair bulb, no swarm-of-bees-like lymphocytic infiltrate could be seen. No empty hair follicles or dilated follicle ostia with keratin plugs among normally grown hair were observed either. Laboratory tests revealed normal results for blood cell count, ferrum, ferritin, zinc, electrolyte, TPHA and VDRL test, T3, T4, TSH and antibodies against the thyroid gland. Culture for fungi was negative. A hair analysis showed a low normal telogen and anagen rate for frontal and occipital scalp hair. Dismorphic hair shanks were increased. Alopecia areata triggered by IFN-· is most likely the cause for the hair loss in this patient. Until now, only a mild diffuse hair loss has been reported, however, without alopecia under treatment with IFN-· and mostly in female patients. Flue-like symptoms, fatigue, gastrointestinal tract, hepatic, renal, thyroid, metabolic, neurological-psychiatric, hematological side effects, retinopathy and especially autoimmune diseases, cutaneous side effects like unspecific pruritus and dry skin are well known in this treatment [2]. Although it is well known that IFN-· is capable of inducing autoimmune diseases like an autoimmune thyroiditis or vitiligo [5], no case of alopecia areata induced by IFN treatment has been reported up to date. Despite the fact of a histological absence of a peribulbar lymphocytic infiltrate, alopecia areata should be suspected when high percentages of telogen hairs are present [6]. Whiting [6] reports that the major factor affecting the


Friction stir welds were manufactured from aluminum alloy 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 workpieces under temperature control. Three control conditions, high-temperature, low-temperature and uncontrolled, were selected for each alloy based on the precipitation/dissolution temperatures of their strengthening phases, and the welds were characterized through positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and mechanical testing. For 2024, positron lifetimes and numerical simulation of the temperature profiles demonstrated that the S phase dissolution temperature was not achieved for any of the control conditions and hardness recovery upon cooling did not occur; however, for the low-temperature control (410°C), the S phase precipitated adjacent to the weld zone with the least extent of overaging, yielding the highest tensile strength of the three conditions. For 7075, dissolution of the η phase did not occur for the low-temperature (390°C) and the high-temperature (430°C) control conditions, and the low-temperature control produced the highest tensile strength due to the lesser degree of overaging of the strengthening phase. The uncontrolled condition for 7075, however, did achieve temperatures capable of dissolving the η phase, but due to the slow natural aging kinetics of 7075, a hardness recovery was not observed within the timeframe of this investigation.


Eria meghasaniensis is one of the endemic Orchids of Odisha with a single population of nearly 150 plants found in Simlipal area of Odisha. It needs immediate measures to ensure its recovery and survival. On examination of various provisions of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and the Odisha Forest Act, 1972, it is seen that they are not very helpful in rehabilitation of such species. Section 38 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, takes care of such species. However, the mechanism in place to implement this section to its full scope needs strengthening. For this purpose the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of USA and Species At Risk Act (SARA) of Canada were examined and it is found that they have good provisions to focus on rehabilitation of species at risk and to save them from extinction. It is highly required to develop a robust mechanism to implement the provisions of section 38 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, by using acts like ESA and SARA as guiding features. By developing an open and transparent process, based on scientific data available, with an actionable and time bound recovery plan and with the involvement of all stakeholders, it may be possible to save species like Eria meghasaniensis from extinction.


Preventive intervention strategies seek to narrow the zone of vulnerability of the at-risk child as they broaden an individual's pattern of resilience within the context of child, family, and community supports. Effective preventive intervention includes proactive outreach; early identification of child and family needs; enhancement of intra-child resources, parental resources, and mother-child attachment; and the provision of community resources to support the Infrastructure of the family.


The recent rapid growth of the Internet made a vast pool of resources available globally and enabled new kinds of applications raising the need for transparent remote access and for protected computing. Currently users need specialized software such as web browsers or FTP clients to access global resources. It is desirable to instead provide OS support for transparent access to these resources so that they can be accessed through standard applications such as text editors or command shells. The new applications made possible by the expanding Internet require provisions for safe and protected computing. For example, global computing projects harness the power of thousands of idle machines to solve complex problems and, similarly, and highly-flexible servers allow users to upload and execute their code on the server to perform otherwise difficult tasks. In both cases, users or servers need to execute applications which they cannot trust completely. Such untrusted applications could potentially corrupt the resources on the machine they are running on or can gain unauthorized access to private information. There are also other emerging applications that require the execution of anonymous or untrusted code. In order for these applications to be widely distributed and used, it is necessary to provide means for safe execution of untrusted applications. We propose a confined execution environment for Internet computations called Consh. Consh provides security and protection for machines running untrusted applications. What distinguishes Consh from other protection schemes is that it combines protected execution with transparent access to additional remote and alternative local resources. This has two major benefits. First, Consh has a wide applicability in areas such as global computing that benefit from transparent remote access. Second, it allows sensitive local resources to be replaced with safe alternative local or remote ones which greatly relaxes the restrictive nature of protected execution. As a result, a wider range of applications can successfully run under Consh, which would be impossible with other protection schemes. Consh is implemented using our method for user-level extension of the operating system which works by interposing on system calls. As a result, Consh operates completely at the user level and requires no super-user access and no modification of the existing operating system, system libraries, or applications. December 7, 1998 – 19 : 14 DRAFT 1


Objective To explore the change of heart rate variability(HRV) and serum matrixmetallo proteinase-9(MMP-9) in aged patients with type-2 diabetic.Methods Totally 42 aged patients with type-2 DM were enrolled in this study who were selected from the inpatients and another 40 non-diabetic matched individuals were recruited as contro1.Their serum MMP-9 and 24 hour electrocardiography were examined.HRV was assessed by calculating the indices based on statistical operation on RR intervals(time domain analysis) from 24 hour Hoher recording.including:standard deviation of normal to normal RR intervals(SDNN),standard deviation of 5 minute mean RR intervals(SDANN) and square root of differences between adjacent NN intervals (rMSSD).Linear correlation analysis was carried out between their serum MMP-9 and HRV.Results HRV parameters of type 2-DM patients were significantly lower than those of non-diabetic patients.But MMP-9 values were significantly higher than those of control.Linear correlation analysis indicated that HRV was in a positive corelation with MMP-9 in type 2-diabetic aged patients.Conclusion Altered autonomic nervous function may be associated with altered serum MMP-9 in aged patients with type 2-diabetes mellitus.


Internet of Things (IoT) is possibly the most widely discussed technological concept in today's technology circles. This technology is expected to dramatically change not only how we work but also how we live. The concept of IoT basically means a web of connected devices which can be controlled over a data network. With cost of technology required to control these devices going down and increasing internet connectivity through smartphones, IoT is expected to be an all pervasive technology in the next 10 years. In this paper, we study the technological landscape of this fast growing technology domain from an Intellectual Property (Patents) perspective. We find that the patent distribution in this domain is very fragmented with the top patent applicants in the field holding around 5% of the total patents. Especially, the US geography has seen the maximum patent filings and is closely followed by the big Asian markets of Japan and Korea.


havior shows all too clearly that it was merely applying the Trojan-horse tactics of the two-stage revolution long advocated by Ho Chi Minh in company with Mao Tse-tung. In the disunity and the political incapacity of the non-Communist nationalists, relative to the disciplined strength of the Communists, the French faced a more intractable problem than the British in India and Burma, or the Dutch in Indonesia. Besides faction-ridden Viet Nam, there were Cambodia and Laos, weak and fearful of their neighbor. And once again in the spread of communism the contiguous border becomes a strategic factor with the arrival of the Chinese Red armies in December, 1949. After eight years the French could find no satisfactory way out of their policy dilemma, despite massive American aid. Prophetically, Miss Hammer quotes the 1950 speech of a Radical Socialist whose views were to win increasing acceptance by his party. Addressing the National Assembly, he rejected France's whole military effort and political policy in Indochina as falsely conceived and powerless to effect a solution. In their place he called for "concessions, large concessions" to reach an agreement with the Viet Minh. In 1954, when Pierre Mendes-France took the premiership, he moved at once to translate his words into action. WILLIAM W. LOCKWOOD. Princeton University.


The present study was conducted on two surveys of the Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent waters in Jun.2003 and Jun.2006.The species composition and dominant species of medusa as well as their abundance distributions and ecological characters were analyzed.A total of 77 species were identified,including 60 of Hydromedusae,12 of Siphonophore,1 of Scyphomedusae and 4 of Ctenophore.The dominant species were Muggiaea atlantica,Diphyes chamissonis,Lensia subtiloides,Liriope tetraphylla,Solmundella bitentachlata,Sugiura chengshanense and Bere cucumis.The Hydromedusae dominant species changed dramatically in these two cruises.The abundance distribution in the investigated area was relatively uniform.The medusa abundance was lower in Jun.2003(13.3 ind/m3) than that in Jun.2006(16.0 ind/m3).The peak value area of the abundance drifted more northeastward in Jun.2006 than that in Jun.2003.The temperture and salinity in Jun.2006 were higher than those in Jun.2003,which were the main reasons leading to changes of the dominant species and distribution of medusa in the two surveys.


Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Tangmaikang with Losartan on type 2 diabetes with hypertension.Methods: A total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes with hypertension were randomly and evenly divided into observation group and control group.Then,the changes of associated indexes and total effective rates were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: The total effective rate of observation group(91.7%) was significantly better than that of control group(60.0%)(P 0.05).On the indexs of FPG,2hPG and HbAlc,the results of observation group(1.02±0.99 mmol/L,2.76±1.28mmol/L,0.62±0.23%) were all better than those of control group(0.14±1.15mmol/L,0.52±1.19mmol/L,0.22±0.17%)(P0.05).Conclusion: Tangmaikang with Losartan for type 2 diabetes with hypertension was better than Losartan only in the effectiveness on FBG,PBG and HbAlc.The symptoms of the patients were improved significantly,the total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group.


Results of the recent readership survey (Kessler and Griffin 2009), and the follow-up plenary session at the 2009 NACIS Annual Meeting, indicated that a significant number of Cartographic Perspectives readers would like to complement the featured, peer-review articles with a variety of more approachable, magazine-like entries. One goal of the two special digital issues of CP was to experiment with new article formats to meet this demand. Many of these pieces assist cartographers with the nuts and bolts of their work, providing new techniques or resources.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cell analysis system whereby a comprehensive gene analysis of a cell population and a specific gene analysis of a single cell contained in the population can be carried out at the same time. The cell analysis system according to the present invention is provided with an array device, said array device comprising a plurality of cell traps each capable of capturing a single cell and nucleic acid traps each capturing a nucleic acid extracted from a cell trapped by a cell trap, and a reagent addition unit for adding a reagent to the array device, wherein a nucleic acid trap contains an immobilized first probe for capturing a nucleic acid and the reagent addition unit supplies at least a second probe and a third probe to the array device.


According to modern literature, a sufficient number of studies have been carried out to determine the mechanical strength of transplants from the tendon of the semitendinous and gracilis muscles, the autologous ligament of the patella, the broad fascia, peroneus longus tendon, each of which has unique characteristics, but at present, transplants prepared by original (new) methods are understudied. In the period from November 5 to December 17,2018 we conducted an experimental study to determine the mechanical strength of a transplant from a tendon of a semitendinosus muscle taken from cadaveric material. The transplants were prepared by original and well-known (Graft-Link technique) methods. The experimental study was approved by the Ethics committee of Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology. The material for the study was prepared on the basis of the Irkutsk Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination. After sampling the cadaveric material being studied, the main stages of the experimental study were carried out at the materials resistance department of the Irkutsk State Technical University. Studies of the mechanical properties of the transplant were carried out on a Shimadzu testing machine registered in the State Register of Measuring Instruments and approved for use in the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, we obtained the following data. The mechanical strength of the graft obtained from the tendon of the semitendinosus muscle in an original way is on average 607.8 ± 101.2 N/mm. The mechanical strength of the graft obtained from the tendon of the semitendinosus muscle in a traditional manner (Graft-Link technique) is on average 351.8 ± 133.0 N/ mm.


To introduce his work on functionalism, Robert Merton' employs that intriguing phrase of Whitehead's: "A science which hesitates to forget its founders is lost." If Whitehead meant to caution against allowing past generations to "impose their stencils upon an unknown future,"2 who, in a scientific domain, can possibly quarrel with this injunction? But Whitehead also remarked (as Merton noted) that everything of importance has been said before by someone who did not discover it. Whether so or not, it is germane to my purpose to change some wording and suggest that everything of importance has been said before by someone who did not name it. In substituting the act of naming for that of discovery, I mean to emphasize the crucial importance of close inquiry into the logic and procedure of analysis. For a science which forgets its founders too soon may lose in considerable measure. What it loses it must again find, often at great waste of time and energy. The title of this paper was selected with this in mind. It has to do also with the altogether too hasty use of such terms as hyperfactualism and traditionalism. These have become synonyms in contemporary political science and they are used to refer to a mode of inquiry which employs real types, whose research is in-


There are official royal bards at the courts of prominent African paramount rulers who sing in praise of these monarchs. Although it is the exaltation of the kings that dominates the bards' production, there are also traces of criticism of the monarchs' unpopular policies and high-handedness. Such critical comments, however, are not easily identifiable because they are often presented in figuratively dense language. Using the court bards in the palace of the Aláàfin of Òyó, a prominent Yorùbá ruler, as a case study, this paper explains how the bards employ poetic skills and diplomacy in discharging this difficult responsibility. It is my claim in this paper that the production of Yorùbá royal bards must be correctly interpreted before it can be meaningfully related to events in the society. While it is true that the material of the poetry might have been taken from common daily occurrences, it has to undergo some form of aesthetic adornment to become poetry. The purpose of this paper is to unmask the bards' tactics of criticizing their patrons.


The article gives the analysis of the epizootical situation in Zheleznogorsk with the parvoviral dog enteritis (PDE) on the basis of the cinalogical assosiation Sirius activity from 1991 to 2001 the time of the widest PDE spreading. The reasons for the desease, lethality, seasonal adjustment of the dogs of the different breed are studied. The most effective ways of the dog treatment with parvoviral disease are recommended. The most efficient vaccines against PDE are determined.


Incarcerated umbilical hernias commonly present as emergencies. Often they are diagnosed clinically and repaired surgically. In the case reported here, surgery could have been complicated by a major haemorrhage. An accurate history, high index of suspicion and attention to detail are paramount.


The issues of digital technology integration in the tourism and hospitality industry, which have an impact on the sustainable development of both the entire industry and its individual subjects, are considered. The main digital services and tools functioning in the market of tourist services are analyzed.