In the Ars Poetica, Horace famously prescribes mixing profit and pleasure in his formula for poetic success. Though he makes a distinction between the two--to quote Ben Jonson's translation of the poem, "Poets would either profit or delight"--he proposes that it is best to do both concurrently: "Or, mixing sweet and fit, teach life the right." But the basis and aim of delight and instruction remain conceptually distinct. It doesn't seem, as Sidney has it in the Defense of Poetry, that the poet can most delightfully instruct by enticing an audience to "take that goodness in hand, which without delight they would fly as from a stranger," thereby working "to make them know that goodness whereby they are moved." (1) In Sidney, pleasure yields profit by drawing an unwitting audience into a process through which moral cognition and conviction occur gradually or eventually. In Horace, profit derives from a succinct formulation that allows for immediate recognition and retention. A segment of the audience--specifically, "our grave men" who expect instruction, so that "poems void of profit" will be "Cast out by voices"-can both come away with something and know that they've come away with something: precepts (praecipes) must be quickly perceptible (percipiant): Be brief in what thou wouldst command, that so The docile mind may soon thy precepts know, And hold them faithfully; for nothing rests, But flows out, that o'erswelleth the breasts. Delight, on the other hand, comes of a pleasurable engagement with a verisimilar world of credible illusion without which the young Roman aristocrats in the audience will otherwise disdain the poet's offerings. The formula is more complex than it might seem, and it may be that a portion of the audience will find a work without a clearly discernable moral unpleasurable, and without an appeal to a less morally earnest element the work will be unprofitable. But in relatively few cases would moral improvement and aesthetic engagement work together in a mutually reinforcing way. The conclusion of Cyril Tourneur's The Atheist's Tragedy, or, The Honest Man's Revenge (printed in 1611 A5 in divers places it hath often beene Acted) delivers readily apprehensible, even unmistakable, moral axioms: First, the titular villain D'Amville affirms as he expires that "Nature is a fool. There is a power / Above her that hath overthrown the pride / Of all my projects and posterity" (5.2.256-58), a cautionary moral for those who would deny the supervision and superseding of the natural by the supernatural. (2) The play's protagonist, Charlemont, articulates a suasive moral: "That Patience is the Honest Man's Revenge." The play ends in a spectacular coup de theatre literalizing what Horatio calls "purposes mistook / And fallen on the inventors' heads": D'Amville dashes out his own brains with the ax with which he intended to execute the hero and Castabella, the heroine, who had offered their necks to the stroke with extravagant stoic submission. In a play marked by a frequent interrupted acts and encounters, this last interruption has seemed to signify explicitly and definitively the effective intervention of the displeasure of God, the like of which had been conspicuously absent in the play's many precursors from the previous decade. (3) For many, it has seemed that Tourneur aimed to resolve the revenge tragedy's ambivalence about the hero's mental state and moral culpability: revenge in this play becomes justice by leaving the execution to a God who proclaims "Vengeance is mine." The play has been seen as a countervailing response to more skeptical representations of providence. Unlike earlier revenge heroes in whom melancholy and derangement complicate their status as the agents of heaven's providential retribution, Charlemont avoids guiltiness through the admonishment of the ghost of his murdered father, who counsels patience rather than incites to swift revenge. …


Borobudur Temple has a long history since being built around the seventh to eighth centuries by the Syailendra Dynasty. After being buried for centuries, it was discovered and reconstructed and is now a world-famous tourist destination. Nowadays, not only the temple, but its surrounding villages as well, offer new alternative tourism activities. Several rural tourism movements have flourished in the area. This sub-chapter aims to explain the rural tourism activities conducted by local communities in the Borobudur area and to analyze how such activities contribute to the cultural landscape conservation. As we know, Borobudur Temple and its surrounding cultural landscape are an inseparable unity. Conservation should be applied to both the temple and its setting. This sub-chapter consists of six parts. Part one is an introduction to explain the structure of community and entities in Borobudur Sub-district. Part two describes the research methodology of this study. Part three discusses the traditional village community and selfinitiated development, with a focus on Candirejo. Part four discusses citizens' organization at the sub-district level. Part five seeks to understand the relationship between cultural landscape conservation efforts and the rural tourism initiatives conducted by the community. It starts with the identification of the progress of rural tourism in Borobudur Sub-district, then searches the impacts of tourism activities on cultural landscape. As a synthesis, the author tries to develop a scheme of cultural landscape conservation through rural tourism activities. The last part of this sub-chapter is a concluding remark showing how rural tourism initiative can contribute to cultural landscape conservation.


Target audience for this application-based activity: Pharmacotherapy specialists and advancedlevel clinical pharmacists using statistics for research, assessment of validity, interpretation of risk, or other aspects of clinical practice. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: Ryan Rodriguez: honoraria (ACCP); Daniel R. Touchette: grants (Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cardinal Health); Kevin Sowinski, nothing to disclose; Daniel R. Malcom, nothing to disclose; Micheline A. Goldwire, nothing to disclose; and Emily L. Rowe, nothing to disclose.


Objective To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of limited endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) plus balloon dilatation(EPBD) for removing common bile duct stones.Methods Forty-six patients with common bile duct stone were treated with EPBD after limited EST.The results of stones removal,short-term and long-term complications were evaluated.Results The success rate of limited EST plus EPBD was 95.7%.The incidence rate of short-term complications was 6.5%,including 1 case of acute pancreatitis and 2 cases of cholangitis.The incidence rate of long-term complications was 4.4%,including 1 case of sine materia cholangitis and 1 case of recurrent choledocholithiasis cholangitis respectively.Conclusion Limited EST plus EPBD is as effective as,but safer and more convenient than EST,for endoscopic removal of common bile duct stones.


Cryptococcal skeletal infections can lead to significant morbidity and mortality and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic osseous lesions. Clinical and radiological similarities to various disorders may lead to delay in initiation of antifungal treatment. This report describes a case of cryptococcal osteomyelitis of humeral bone in a 19-year-old female, emphasizing the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and treatment options.


An experiment was carried out to determine if a suboptimal dose (10 mcg) of estrogen could synergize the effect of an intrauterine contraceptive suture (IUCD) and accelerate ova passage in rats. Colony-bred young adult rats were fitted with a nylong suture in 1 uterine horn and the contralateral horn served as the sham-operated control. 45 days later the rats were mated. The rats received either 10 or 20 mcg estrone on Day 1 of pregnancy and were sacrificed 24 or 48 hours later. The ova were collected from the fallopian tube and were examined under a phase contrast microscope. The presence of the IUCD had no effect on the tubal transport of ova. The 10 mcg dose gave similar results. However there was an acceleration of ova transport when the dose of estrogen was raised to 20 mcg. This was evident only on Day 3 of pregnancy. Microscopic examination of ova did not show any interference with fertilization or their development. It is concluded the IUCD has no effect on tubal transport fertilization and development of ova in rats. Similarly a suboptimal dose of estrogen does not hasten the tubal passage of ova. Apparently in this species an IUCD mimics only the uterine effects of estrogen and not those on the fallopian tube.


Ribs are essential component of Aircraft wing. Ribs are used for maintaining aerofoil contour shape of the wing and reduce stress acting on it. The paper focuses determine stress on wing rib with different designs and select the appropriate design. SOLIDWORKS is used for designing and estimating physical properties of design while ANSYS STATIC STRUCTURAL is used for analysis. Conclusion of the wing rib design is done after study of 5 different rib designs.


Preceptors facilitate clinical education by teaching knowledge organization skills to allow meaningful information retrieval during patient examination. The intensive patient-based Keystone Course series designed at The Ohio State Univer sity College of Optometry uses case scenarios to help students develop these skills. Students analyze individual patient data and develop a patient illness script composed of three elements: epidemiology, temporal pattern and key features. Students next compose a ranked differential diagnosis list by comparing the pa tient's illness script to classic disease presentations. The goal is to teach meaningful diagnostic integration and the importance of basic science principles to eye and systemic interactions.


A learning algorithm based on temporal difference of membrane potential of the neuron is proposed for self-organizing neural networks. It is independent of the neuron nonlinearity, so it can be applied to analog or binary neurons. Two simulations for learning of weights are presented; a single layer fully-connected network and a 3-layer network with hidden units for a distributed semantic network. The results demonstrate that this potential difference learning (PDL) can be used with neural architectures for various applications. Unlearning based on PDL for the single layer network is also discussed. Finally, an optical implementation- of PDL is proposed.


In an enterprise service centre, the biggest problem is to provide accurate information to customers and solve their queries. In this case ,financial as well as human resources are consumed to a greater extent. In order to reduce this problem, there should be an efficient solution. There are some existing technologies which are used by modern enterprise centres. In an enterprise service centre, when the customer places his query, the frequently asked questions are displayed first. If the customer is not satisfied with the solution or if the required content is not available, then the call will be transferred to the enterprise service centre. As the call is placed, the human interaction between the customer and the enterprise service centre will be substantially increased. In this paper, we propose a system which reduces human interaction and provides automation for resolving queries. For this purpose we use the concept of enterprise mobility. Mobility provides exciting opportunities to interact with your customers, partners and suppliers, empower your employees and connect things to your business.


An investigation was carried out to study the persistence and to evaluate the waiting periods when 0.7 kg ai/ha phosalone, 0.5 ka ai/ha quinalphos, 0.5 kg ai/ha methyl parathion and 1.0 kg ai/ha fenitrothion were sprayed on tomato fruits. The half life and total values were worked out and based on these data, waiting period of 4.75 days for methyl parathion, 3.89 days for phosalone, 2.23 days for fenitrothion and 2.01 days for quinalphos have been suggested for safe consumption.


OBJECTIVES
We compared health status, access to care, and utilization of medical services in the United States and Canada and compared disparities according to race, income, and immigrant status.

METHODS
We analyzed population-based data on 3505 Canadian and 5183 US adults from the Joint Canada/US Survey of Health. Controlling for gender, age, income, race, and immigrant status, we used logistic regression to analyze country as a predictor of access to care, quality of care, and satisfaction with care and as a predictor of disparities in these measures.

RESULTS
In multivariate analyses, US respondents (compared with Canadians) were less likely to have a regular doctor, more likely to have unmet health needs, and more likely to forgo needed medicines. Disparities on the basis of race, income, and immigrant status were present in both countries but were more extreme in the United States.

CONCLUSIONS
United States residents are less able to access care than are Canadians. Universal coverage appears to reduce most disparities in access to care.


Introduction From the ancient time up to now, the subject of stability and change in societies has attracted many thinkers. As fathers of sociology viewed, social stability and solidarity were narrowly connected with the social trust (Eisenstadt and Roniger 1984). Moreover, social trust, the most important components of a broader concept, social capitalhas been related to the social change and development during the recent decades (Coleman 2002, p.111). According to Newton (2001, p.202) "... trust involves risks,..., but it also helps to convert the Hobbesian state of nature from something that is nasty, brutish and short into something that is more pleasant, more efficient, and altogether more peaceful. Social life without trust would be intolerable and, most likely, quite impossible". Therefore, social trust can be studied in the framework of both static and dynamic sociology. This is so because, on the one hand, social trust makes others' actions predictable and this feature is essential for social order and on the other hand, it is a kind of social capital alongside physical and human capital and may help socioeconomic development. Iran as a developing society is facing with these two challenges – social order and development. Along with the expanding process of urbanization in contemporary societies, the need for thin trust is more sensible in the unknown atmospheres of cities. It is indispensable for every citizen to interact with many strangers in everyday life: in shopping, taking a taxi, mailing a package, going to a physician and so on. Iran, as a developing country, has undergone many social changes and transformations under the modernization process during 20th century. The process of modernization challenges the traditional social order and through this clash new social order arises. In such a society thin trust is of primary importance for us because of its common feature with social order in the sense that both of them are implied with predictability: when A trusts in B, A predicts that B will not act contrary to his interests in the future. In the second place, social trust as the main element of social capital has been viewed as a significant factor for socioeconomic development. National surveys on Iran society have been rarely administered. One of these surveys indicated that after Denmark and Sweden Iran had the third place of high social trust (Inglehart et al 2004, table A165). Inconsistently other native studies which seems to be more valid have warned about the decline of social trust in Iran (i.e. Rafipoor 1999; Sharepoor 2001; Azad Armaki 2004; Azad Armaki and Kamali 2004; Kashi and Goodarzi 2005). The objective of this article is to study social trust and its determinants in two cities of Iran. Drawing on Putnam's (2000) division, this article distinguishes between thin trust and thick trust; however, the focus will be on the former. While thick trust refers to trust in people with whom we have had interaction and therefore we know them, the object of thin trust is strangers. It is thin trust that attains essential role in dealing with risks in modern societies (Seligman 2000, p.8). As Uslaner and Badescue (2002, p.11) assert, these two types of trust are not translatable to each other. Theoretical framework For the founding fathers of sociology trust was mostly considered as an equivalent of solidarity. With the emergence of functional-structural school in sociology, the analysis of trust and its role in the construction of social order, shifted to a new direction (Eisenstadt and Roniger 1984, p.20-21). Among neofunctionalist thinkers, Luhmann (1979, p.48) posits trust as a "communication media" with the function of "reducing complexity" of social systems. Alexander (2001, p.195-6) addresses trust in his discussion of civil society. He construes the discourse of civil society as a binary discourse which occurs at three levels: motivations, relationships, and institutions. Trust, for Alexander, is characteristic of relations of people whose orientation is democratic. Belau as an exchange theorists, distinguishes between economic exchange and social exchange. While social exchange "entails unspecified obligations", economic transaction "entails a contract in which the exact quantities to be exchanged are stipulated" (Belau 2002, p.107). Belau argues that from the two, only social exchanges can Social Trust in Iran: A Hobbesian Explanation Hossein Ghodrati Department of Sociology, Research Center for Geography and Social Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.


Background A new bone preparation technique, compaction, has been shown to enhance initial implant fixation. However, short-term compaction has resulted in more non-vital bone being in contact with the implant. Also, compaction may result in inferior long-term implant fixation as the compacted non-vital bone at the bone-implant interface is resorbed. Methods We tested the hypothesis that compaction would result in inferior implant fixation after 10 weeks of weight bearing. We compared compaction with the conventional bone removal technique (drilling) for (1) porous coated titanium (Ti) implants inserted exact-fit into medial femoral condyles, and for (2) hydroxy-apa-tite (HA) porous coated implants inserted press-fit into lateral femoral condyles. In each of 8 dogs, we prepared the implant cavities of one knee joint with drilling, and the other with compaction. Implants were tested mechanically to failure by push-out test, and histomor-phometry was done. Results For all specimens, non-vital bone implant contact contributed very little to the total bone implant contact. Inferior mechanical or histological implant fixation with compaction was not found for either Ti implants or HA implants. Interpretation Compaction does not appear to result in inferior implant fixation as the compacted bone at the bone implant interface is resorbed.   ▪


A new wavelength detection technology about fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sensors which is combined with particles swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is reported.It can be used in wavelength multiplexing techniques(WMT) and solves the limitations of conventional peak detection(CPD) technique only used for sensors separated and the minimum variance shift wave-form technique's slow calculation speed.The technique has been demonstrated to offer high detection accuracy even when the spectrum of the FBGs in partial overlap with that of neighboring FBGs within a wavelength division multiplexed sensor array.


Rub between the moving and stationary Rarts is a kind of fault occurring frequently on the rotating machinery. Both force and heat impacts act on the rotor simultaneously when rub fault occurs.Due to the influence differecce of force impact and heat impact,rub symptoms of different units and different locations with different fault degrees are different,sometimes may be even totally different. The paper combining with the actual examples,analyzes and sums up the complex symptoms of rub faults. It is useful for the fault diagnosis and handling of large rotating machinery.


Abstract And Introduction Dorsal thoracic pain is common, but much less common than pain from the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine. Pater son (1987) reviewing 1037 cases of spinal pain seen in primary care, found only 21 cases; however, Bruckner et al. (1987) in a referral centre collected 73 patients in three years. The medical literature on this area of the spine is also sparse. Different causes have been cited, such as nerve entrapment, muscular sprain, trigger points, pain referred from the lower cervical spine, thoracic facet syndrome, discogenic pain or psychogenic disease. Our aim is to review these different sources of pain and to discuss them in light of our own studies and experience in thoracic pain.


Group search optimizer (GSO) is a stochastic, population-based optimization technique that has shown better performance as for global searching when optimizing multimodal benchmarks. However, it suffers from poor convergence because of its producer-scrounger model, which makes it unable to get a reliable estimiator for evolution path. In order to enhance the local search ability without impairing the global seach ability of GSO, this paper proposes a variant of group search optimizer (VGSO), which develops a producer-organizer model whereby group members are assumed to search for opportunities of either 'finding' (producing) or 'learning' (organization). This model enables VGSO to achieve a good trade-off between its exploration and exploitation abilities. A comprehensive experimental study is conducted on a set of benchmark functions and a practical optimization problem. Comparison results show that VGSO obtains a promising performance on these optimization problems.


In uncertain economic situations, profit-seeking corporations work under constant pressure of efficiency. As a consequence, importance of evaluation is extending to such corporate areas, e.g. marketing which used to be fairly subjective, according to our past knowledge. Corporate leaders have recognized that successful corporate governance requires a system that analyses the efficiency of marketing activities. A new era is coming in the marketing profession when the effectiveness of marketing activity should be supported with specific figures. One of the evaluation methods is marketing controlling, which is widespread in the German speaking countries. This paper presents its theoretical framework and gives survey results on the use of strategic and operative methods in medium-sized and large companies in Hungary.


A simple model, which can be adjusted by a single smoothing parameter continuously from the best piecewise linear model in each linear subregion to the best approximately piecewise linear model overall, is developed for multivariate general nonlinear regression. The model provides an accurate, smooth, approximately piecewise linear model to cover the entire data space. It provides a logical basis for extrapolation to regions not represented by training data, based on the closest piecewise linear model. This model has been developed by making relatively minor changes to the form of a modified probabilistic neural network (MPNN), which is a network that id used for general nonlinear regression. The MPNN structure allows it to model data by weighting piecewise linear models associated with each of the network's radial basis functions in the data space.


The maloperations of generator negative sequence power directional relay happened in Maanshan No. 2 Power Plant when fault occurs outside the protected zone are introduced. By analyzing its electrical principle figure, the action feature of power directional relay on negative sequence is obtained. The connection modes of conventional inter turn fault protection and that, which is made up of negative sequence power directional relay and zero sequence over voltage relay are compared. Because the negative sequence power directional relay has no normal close output, it can't function as the conventional inter turn fault protection in lock up behavior, but the connection mode is same, it causes the maloperation. The solutions are put forward.


A multimode fibre Bragg grating (MMFBG) based wavelength-switching erbium-doped fibre laser is reported. With a simple singlemode fibre to MMFBG structure, a novel wavelength-selection technique is developed to achieve the wavelength-switching by changing the mode coupling condition in the multimode fibre. 31 discrete lasing wavelengths are obtained over a wide wavelength range.


The authors thank the European Research Council for a Starting Grant, ERC-2010-StG-258060 (to G. A., L. A. B., E. P.-L.), the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) for projects CTQ2009-06959 (grants to G. A., L. A. B., G. A. C.), CTQ2012-32247 (grants to G. A., G. A. C.) and MAT2011-24284 (grant to O. R.), the Generalitat de Catalunya for the ICREA Academia Price 2008 and 2013 (to G. A.) and the Gobierno de Aragon for grant E98-"MOLCHIP" (to O. R.).


tumor cells from the peritoneum into various abdominal organs was investigated. It was found that the rate of infiltration was dependent on the strain of ascites cells and also varied for different organs. When a standard inoculum of tumor cells was used, a reproducible pattern of changes in any particular organ could be observed. In the case of infiltration into the peritoneal wall, changes in the wall could first be observed 7 days after the inoculation of tumor cells; tumor cells could be seen attached to the wall on the 8th day, and local infiltration into the wall occurred from the 9th day onward. Using the optical microscope to study this particular system, it was difficult to distinguish adhering tumor cells from hypertrophied mesothelial cells ; it was also difficult to detect isolated tumor cells that had penetrated the con nective tissue of the peritoneal wall. We therefore decided to investigate this problem further with the elec tron microscope.


52 U.S. C. ................................... 435/255.1; 435/67; 435/244; 435/256.8; 435/911 58) Field of Search .............. 435/255,911, 67,255.1, 435/244, 256.8 (56) References Cited PUBLICATIONS "ATCC Catalogue of Fungi/Yeasts' 17th ed. 1987 Jong et al. Editors. Primary Examiner-Herbert J. Lilling Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sughrue, Mion, Zinn, Macpeak & Seas (57) ABSTRACT An economical process for in vivo production of the pigment astaxanthin, and particularly a process for en hancing astaxanthin content of cultures of microorgan isms of genus Phaffia, the process comprising culturing a microorganism of genus Phaffia in a nutrient medium containing an antibiotic, a cytochrome B inhibitor, or a terpenoid synthetic pathway inhibitor, cultivating sur viving pigment enhanced microorganisms, and harvest ing the yeast.


In this article we give some elements of the debate between the liberationist, decolonialist and deconstructivist currents around the problem of Eurocentrism. In the first place, we identify some of the contributions of Jacques Derrida's thought to this debate from his reading of three representative authors of European thought: Husserl, Hegel and Heidegger. Secondly, we give some elements on the way in which certain forms of decolonialism and liberationism conceive not only their difference with Eurocentrism, but also the difference between European thinkers to whom they feel linked and this same Eurocentrism. Finally, in the third place, we briefly review two versions of deconstructivism that seem able to dialogue despite the distance, two versions of wandering between Latin America and Europe


A continuous-wave He-Kr+ laser with capacitively coupled transverse radio- frequency excitation is presented for the first time. The laser oscillations were obtained in a simple alumina oxide discharge tube (40 cm active length, 4.9 mm inner diameter) closed in a fused silica tube envelope. The laser discharge tube was filled with a He-Kr mixture at optimum He:Kr ratio 1000:1. The operating gas pressure ranged from 4 kPa to 16 kPa. The rf power was capacitively coupled into the discharge with 40 cm long and 4 mm wide transverse nickel electrodes mounted along the discharge tube. The discharge was maintained by an rf generator operating at 13.56 MHz with an output power up to 400 W. Transformation of the laser discharge tube impedance to the 50 ohms output resistance of the rf source and symmetrization of the rf voltage were performed by a special matching network. Continuous- wave laser oscillations were obtained at 469.4 nm, 438.7 nm, and 431.8 nm lines of Kr+ ion. The laser output powers were 6.2 mW, 0.14 mW, and 1.27 mW, respectively. The laser action at the 438.7 nm line occurred only when the other laser lines were suppressed with a birefringent filter. The rms noise to signal ratio of the laser output power did not exceed 0.8%.


A 43-year-old previously healthy man presented for a first medical appointment at our immunology clinic with a 1 year history of painless nose and ear oedema and erythema, with no other symptoms. He had been diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis after laboratory studies revealed normal inflammatory markers, and was unsuccessfully treated with systemic corticosteroids, along with methotrexate in the last 3 months of treatment. Physical examination revealed deep furrows of the glabella (figure 1), skin thickening of the glabella, nose and ears with ear lobe involvement (figures 1 …


Abrasive waterjet cutting is one of the non-traditional cutting processes capable of cutting wide range of hard-to-cut materials. This paper assesses the influence of process parameters on depth of cut which is an important cutting performance measure in abrasive waterjet cutting of granite. Experiments were conducted in varying water pressure, nozzle traverse speed, abrasive mass flow rate and standoff distance for cutting granite tiles using abrasive waterjet cutting process. The effects of these parameters on depth of cut have been studied based on the experimental results. In order to correctly select the process parameters, an empirical model for the prediction of depth of cut in abrasive waterjet cutting of granite is developed using regression analysis. This developed model has been verified with the experimental results that reveal a high applicability of the model within the experimental range used. Keywords—abrasive waterjet, empirical model, garnet, granite, regression analysis.


The concept of water–energy–food (WEF) nexus is gaining favor as a means to highlight the functions of the three individual nexus elements as interrelated components of a single complex system. In practice, the nexus approach projects forward from the present, seeking to maximize future WEF synergies and avoid undesirable tradeoffs. A complementary approach was employed here to gain insights into how the ancients dealt with WEF relationships, whether currently relevant nexus principles were practiced long ago, and how past WEF dynamics compare to those of today. Two examples, both dating to before the common era (BCE), are considered in detail. The qanats of ancient Persia brought groundwater to the surface and directed it to clusters of agricultural fields in arid areas where crop production was not otherwise feasible. In contrast, the Dujiangyan irrigation scheme of ancient China harnessed previously destructive surface water flows to stabilize food production across a vast agricultural plain. Designed and constructed under highly uncertain conditions and with a long-term perspective, both relied on local resources and expertise to exploit the tight coupling of water and the intrinsic energy from its flows to produce food. Ingenious infrastructure combined with sound governance allowed both to achieve remarkable synergies among the WEF components with minimal apparent tradeoffs. Although both are now challenged by climate change and the increasing complexity of modern WEF relationships, qanat systems and the Dujiangyan irrigation scheme have survived for millennia and still exist in recognizable form. This is due in large part to the persistence of governance systems that devolved significant decision-making authority to those who used water and energy for food production. Although it is not feasible to roll back technology to that of an earlier time, the successful attributes of earlier WEF governance systems warrant more attention in the future.


The fixed pattern noise reduction methods, surrounding channel stop structure and the hole accumulation operation, are proposed and evaluated for the 2/3-in two-million pixel STACK-CCD HDTV imager. The surrounding channel stop structure is surrounded by the channel stop region to suppress the fluctuation of the mean dark current from Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface and the depletion layer of p-n junction. The measured fixed pattern note (FPN) and signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio are improved from 45 electrons down to 19 electrons and from 49 dB up to 54 dB under the condition of F.8 and 2000 lux at 333 K, respectively. Therefore, the 2/3-in two-million pixel HDTV handy-type color camera with high S/N ratio and low FPN can be obtained.


Management of data plays an important role in the healthcare systems and has impacts on the performance of the software applications used. Current healthcare systems don't utilize the facilities provided by the latest equipment for their stakeholders to interact with the system. The flexibility for pharmacists to interact with the current systems is not as efficient as it should be. Apart from this, we propose a system based on android and a web application by which a doctor has the ability to prescribe patients through an android application using stylus pen and other users such as patients, receptionists, pharmacists and admins interact with the system via their web accessibility. The proposed system is based on integration of Internet of Things and cloud computing technologies using Arduino and E-Health sensors. The users utilize the registered IoT devices which facilitate the healthcare stakeholders, making the system efficient, user-friendly and less error prone. Overall, we propose a better solution of managing the healthcare data as well as provide an easy way to interact with the system.


Significance
 The combination of more COVID-19 cases in parts of the United States and unprecedented monetary and fiscal stimulus is straining the dollar. In parallel, the euro is benefiting from a push for closer euro-area integration. Nevertheless, the US MSCI equity index has risen by 6.3% this year, with the tech sub-index gaining 25%. Europe's MSCI equity index is down 7.4%.

 Impacts
 'Big Tech' accounts for 40% of the market capitalisation of the S&P 500 equity index and looks set to continue powering the equity rally.
 The world stock of negative-yielding sovereign and corporate bonds has almost doubled from end-February to over USD15tn; it may rise more.
 The euro reached its highest level to the dollar in over two years this month; Europe's stimulus package should help it maintain momentum.
 Dollars make up nearly two-thirds of the world stock of foreign exchange reserves; this share will fall very gradually, over years.


Abstract : This report provides a foundation for future research and development on battle staff training by providing examples of structured training programs for the battle staff. Critical deficiencies in battle staff training were highlighted for both individual and collective skills. Reviews were performed for: (1) military articles on how to improve battle staff performance, centering on use of simulations in a structured training program, and (2) research and development programs to improve battle staff training. Also, possible future directions for battle staff training were discussed.


Executive SummaryThe northernmost regions in the world are projected to suffer the most severe consequences of climate change. Natural resource-based communities and Indigenous peoples have been id ...


This paper deals with the inventory and transportation integrated optimization problem in a decentralized supply chain of one supplier and one retailer.Three scenarios of inventory and transportation integrated optimization(ideal centralized supply chain,transportation cost paid by supplier and transportation cost paid by retailer) are discussed and modeled.Random numeric experiments demonstrate that more supply chain profit can be obtained when retailer pays transportation cost and the profit of supply chain is very close to the profit in ideal centralized supply chain.In order to attract retailer to agree to pay transportation cost,profit division strategy is adopted to make sure both supplier and retailer obtain more profit.Numeric example and flexible analysis show the superiority and stability of the strategy of retailer paying transportation cost.


ABSTRACT An ultra-wideband metamaterial (MM) filter with steep cut-off is proposed at terahertz (THz) region. The filter is based on the flexible hybrid structure of copper (Cu)–polyimide (PI)–polymethacrylamide (PMI) multilayer, which reduces the mutual coupling in multilayer MMs. Simulation results prove that the central frequency of the filter is 125 GHz, while the square ratio reaches 0.92 and the relative bandwidth is up to 65%. In addition, it has excellent flat-top characteristics, and the stopband absorption exceeds 95%. Due to the strict symmetry of the structure, the filter shows polarization insensitivity. The transmission mechanism of THz wave is investigated by surface current distribution and the role of each layer in filtering is explored. This work may provide a further step in the development of broadband MM filters with high square ratio, which have potential applications in THz communications and sensors.


This article aims to discuss how the issue of population was being addressed by geographic science. In this sense, our intention to contribute to the analysis and reflection on the study of the geography and population, while the dialogue with the different ways to understand the geography as a subject population was approached, and still flag as the debate on the subject is features, and is held or not, when considering the population in the light of Geography in the news. To build this article we turn to some classical theorists of Geography, because we recognize the importance of situating, even briefly, the important contribution they left. Likewise, we sought to build a movement history of geographical thought, taking into account the connection with the issue of population. Having seen the breadth of the subject, we tried to prioritize qualitative aspects; it employed the method of critical historical research, and thus regain some of the history of geography, through a dialectical reading of geographical science. To this end, we are faced with the challenge of studying the possibilities and limitations of the population as a mediator in the process of understanding the past, present and future of humanity in a context in which man is confronted with a space that most of the time, nor helped create. Geography is directly related to changes in the world, that a review now with new nuances, faced with the task of understanding the geographical area in a very complex context in which the population is included.


Although there is a growing literature on policy entrepreneurs and policy enactment, there has been little systematic examination of legislative policy entrepreneurs and the effect of policy entrepreneurship on a legislator's standing. This article identifies policy entrepreneurs in each of three sessions of the North Carolina General Assembly and examines the effect of policy entrepreneurship on legislators' effectiveness as perceived by peers and close observers. It also defines and identifies a second category —policy opportunists — legislators who have not exhibited expertise and persistence necessary for policy entrepreneurship but who are associated with salient issues whose "policy window" has opened. Both policy entrepreneurs and policy opportunists benefit from increases in their standing, but policy entrepreneurs benefit more than their opportunistic peers. The importance of the issue cycle is illustrated in the changing cast of legislative policy entrepreneurs and policy opportunists over the three sessions.


The pyrochlore phase KTaO3 nanomaterials with the octahedral morphologies and uniform size distribution were synthesized by the hydrothermal synthesis method.The blue-green light emission peaks located at 437 nm,490 nm and 569 nm were observed for KTaO3 nanomaterials at room temperature.The emission peak of 437 nm may be related to the combination of the bound exciton,while the peak of 490 nm is related to the radiative recombination of the donor-acceptor pair,which have the thermal quenching activation energy of 375 meV and 511 meV,respectively.


Rosetta is the European Space Agency 'Planetary Cornerstone' mission intended to solve many of the unanswered questions surrounding the small bodies of the Solar System. Launched in March 2004 it is now over halfway through its decade long cruise, leading up to entering orbit around the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in mid-2014. To date, this cruise has included three gravitational assist manoeuvres using Earth and one such manoeuvre using the gravity well of Mars. In addition, targeted flybys of two asteroids have returned a plethora of data to be compared with the comet observations to come. These flybys were of the 5.3 km diameter E-type asteroid 2867 Steins on September 5 th 2008, and a similar 3,162 km flyby of the 100 km diameter asteroid 21 Lutetia on July 10 th


The method that ultimate load capacity of beam is analyzed by degenerated three-dimensional solid virtual laminated beam element is presented.Considering the considering that the geometry of construction and the materials are nonlinear the computing of ultimate load capacity for beam is programmed by the element.Thereafter,the program is used to analyze ultimate load capacity for beam.Numerical results show that the element has the advantages of good convergence,stability and higher precision.Because of overcoming the limitation of solid elements or beam segment elements,the method has better universality.


The R3B experiment at FAIR will offer unique opportunities worldwide to study the properties of bulk asymmetric nuclear matter, e.g. the phase diagram, equation of state, symmetry energy, transport coefficients and in-medium cross sections. The experiment will take advantage of the intense radioactive beams produced by the SuperFRS with energies up to 2 AGeV. We will outline this physics programme and describe the detector sub-systems of R3B which will enable these measurements. Some detectors are already under construction while others are at the planning/R&D stage.


Genetic variability was wide among 25 mungbean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) varieties with respect to NAR, RGR and LAR at pre-flowering stage. Estimates of correlation coefficients among yield and these attributes revealed that the yield was negatively associated with NAR at pre-flowering stage showing that high early vigour did not give any advantage to mungbean under conditions of the present experiment. Other growth attributes appeared to have no direct bearing on yield expression but would seem to be good supplementary criteria of emphasizing genetic diversity among parents to be chosen for breeding work.


Separate mechanisms of the property right to land termination taking into account the current legislation are analyzed in the article.


The purpose of this research paper was to design a waste management model for Bulawayo City Council (BCC) based on integrated solid waste management system. The increasing solid waste generation in the city of Bulawayo is evidenced by increased number of illegal dumping of waste in the urban communities. In this paper, a model that identifies cost-effective and efficient combinations of scientific and engineering tools to manage solid waste and also incorporating the key performance indicators (KPIs) or metrics for solid waste management services has been designed. Literature on different types of waste management models, quantitative analysis of waste at Ross camp, direct observations made in the city locations and policy documents of the Zimbabwean Government (EMA acts), founded the development of this model. The design shows a clear depiction of the environmental management acts (EMA) and the municipality by-laws. Performance measurement which is very critical in waste management has been incorporated. Model design focus was on waste type which is a determinant of the waste receptacles, collection, transportation and disposal methods have therefore been depicted in the model. The model provides easy access to data for the formation and implementation of effective solid waste management policies, strategies and programs to achieve sustainable waste management.


Relationships between teacher and student can be improved by a new way of approaching the world of teenagers by using graphological techniques which allow a better comprehension of the teenagers' psychological points of view. Through the science of graphology which examines handwritten texts, the characteristics of the personality and the attitudes of the writer can be recognized. This method is essentially based on a psychological rule which says that every unconscious or conscious psychological content becomes manifest through some kind of expression. It provides useful tools for improving the teachers' abilities to listen and to understand their students properly.


In order to investigate the extending effects on urea-formaldehyde resin- or phenol- formal- dehyde resin- glued keruing plywood, hot pressing temperatures were controlled to 110, 140, 170 and . As the extender, wheat flour, persimmon bark powder, chestnut bark powder, the equivalently- extended with the above three powders, and diatomite powder were respectively mixed with 5, 10, 15 and 20% ratios to the resin liquid, and also with these the no- extended was allowed. Based on the measured bonding strength, the conclusions were drawn: 1. In the urea- formaldehyde resin, extending effects on the bonding strength were in the order of wheat flour, the equivalently- extended with the wheat flour, persimmon- and chestnut bark powder, persimmon bark powder, chestnut bark powder. In the phenol- formaldehyde resin, the effects in the order of wheat flour, persimmon bark powder, diatomite powder, chestnut bark powder were resulted in. Specifically, superior bonding strength to the no-extended were given with the wheat flour and persimmon bark powder. 2. On the whole, the bonding strength decreased gradually, as the hot pressing temperature increased except for the diatomite powder extending.


This paper explains thedesign and perform thesameoperation until asuccessful response occurs implementation ofRDNSSusing theRAmessage. Theneed oruntil itfails. forDNSisincreasing withIPv6addresses because users will havemorediffcult remmbernglngerIPv6addrssesIterative DNSServer alsoretrieves IPv6addresses based on havemoredifficulty remembering longer IPv6addresses aDmi ae h otwl ur oanNm evr compared toIPv4addresses. DNSprovides anaddress aDomainName.Thehostwill query aDomainNameServer. resolution service based onDomain Names. RAispart of IftheDomainNameServer doesnotcomplete therequest IPv6's mature Neighbor Discovery mechanism. Hence, the because itdoesnothavetheDNSrecord, thehostwill query useofRDNSSaddresses asanextension totheRAmessage another DomainNameServer. Thehostwill query eachDNS provides auseful mechanism. Server until thehostreceives asuccessful response orafailure Name~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sevrde.o opeeterqetbcuei


A 37-year-old Indian man presented with a 6-month history of focal and grand mal convulsions. He had emigrated from India 2 years previously and was working as a chef in a local restaurant. There was no significant past medical history. Initial investigations included a computed tomogram (CT) of his brain (Fig. 1), which demonstrated a number of small enhancing parenchymal lesions with surrounding low-attenuation changes which were attributed to oedema. A magnetic resonance (MR) scan was performed and is illustrated (Figs 2–4). What are the radiological findings' What is the diagnosis and what other information would you seek to confirm this' The MR images demonstrate multiple, well-defined lesions throughout the brain, which show a predilection for grey matter.


The morphological analysis of paradigms generally proposes a distinction between accidental and systematic homophony. No specific assumptions are usually made about the distribution of accidental homophony, though. Therefore current assumptions cannot prove satisfactorily what should be regarded as systematic in morphology. We propose that accidental homophony should be assumed to be a random event in the statistical sense with a constant probability across languages and across paradigms. This approach allows us to assign a likelihood to any actual typological distribution of syncretism given a morphological analysis. And by computing such likelihoods for a range of analyses, we can then apply maximum likelihood analysis to determine the best analyses. Hence, the statistical foundation allows us to empirically test morphological analyses that include accidental syncretism. In this paper, we primarily introduce the conceptual and mathematical foundations of a statistical modeling technique, Syncretism Distribution Modeling, and show how it overcomes the problem of accidental homophony. In addition, we apply the technique to show that person paradigms must involve both accidental homophony and systematic syncretism.


In March 2020, as COVID-19 spread and the globe locked down, we announced a I Society and Space i (S&S) editorial decision to "press pause" on our normal working practices ([2]). What the COVID-19 pandemic has done is expose even further the endoskeleton of the world." Back then, and indeed until the pandemic began, we generally had to send out six to eight invitations to get three reports, and reviewers occasionally reneged on their commitments or, more frequently, were a few weeks or so late due to unforeseen circumstances. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Environment & Planning D: Society & Space is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)


The formation of platinum nanoparticles from a supersaturated vapour phase is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Argon is added as carrier gas, removing the condensation heat from the nucleating system. The interactions between the platinum atoms are modelled by the multi-body embedded atom method. The nucleation rates in highly supersaturated systems are estimated as well as properties of the critical clusters from the nucleation theorems. Furthermore, the coalescence of platinum nanoparticles is investigated and a coalescence activated structural transition in platinum nanoparticles is described.


We redesigned a GE biology course by using existing web‐based software to replace traditional wet labs. The course was BIOL 155 (Animal Biology), one of only three life science courses with laboratory required by all Cal State LA students to satisfy Block B1 of the general education requirements. Two new modes of lab instruction were compared to the traditional offering: (1) all labs online with a "drop‐by" help center and (2) a hybrid "flipped lab" model with two tracks of online and in‐person labs alternating every week. In the first mode, all labs were offered online and students were required to perform a series of experiments that demonstrated scientific concepts and, in some cases, design and carry out their own experiments to test a scientific hypothesis. In the second mode, labs were "flipped" so that students met with an instructor biweekly who guided them through the more conceptually challenging tasks of experimental design and data interpretation, and in off‐weeks when labs did not meet students collaborated in groups on the more routine tasks of data collection and presentation. Both modes included a face‐to‐face lecture. Engaging inquiry‐based exercises were developed around each online activity where students were provided background information, guided though a series of basic experiments, encouraged to design their own experiments, and required to produce a simple scientific report that is delivered electronically. A rubric was designed so that graduate assistants could grade reports. The course offerings with online labs were piloted during the 2013/14 academic year. An evaluator was employed for assessment. Formative assessment involved the use of surveys to track students' attitudes and performance. Summative assessment involved a comparison of student performance for the online, hybrid and traditional modes.


1  The three principal fates of axillary meristems in flowering plants are branching or vegetative growth, reproduction, and inactivity. We examined the relationship between allocation to each of these fates and plant size in five genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana. Nutrient availability was used to obtain a range of plant size. 2 Allocation to each meristem fate was recorded at weekly intervals throughout development and at final developmental stage. 3  There were significant allometric relationships between meristem allocation and plant size for each meristem fate throughout development in each genotype. Allometry and plasticity tended to be strongest early in development. In addition, although there were differences in allometry between genotypes, meristem allocation through development was generally consistent across genotypes. 4  We interpret the results of this study as an adaptive response to nutrient availability. Increased allocation to growth meristems in high nutrient treatments early in development should maximize both size and the total number of meristems that can be committed to reproduction later in development. This suggests that the pattern of meristem allocation is a component of an adaptive strategy through development in Arabidopsis thaliana.


A 284 marine sediments of terrigenous, hemipelagic and pelagic origin were collected from the different environments, i.e., in the seven sea areas around the Japanese islands (terrigenous sediments), on the Mariana Ridge (hemipelagic sediments), and in the Central Pacific (pelagic sediments). These samples were analyzed together with 31 lake sediments and 41 marine shales for Pt and Pd by atomic absorption spectrometry using a graphite furnace atomizer after solvent extraction separation. The average abundances of Pt and Pd are markedly higher in the pelagic sediments than the terrigenous sediments, with the hemipelagic sediments showing intermediate abundance. Most of the samples analyzed in this study are richer in Pt than Pd, whereas siliceous ooze collected from the central Pacific high productivity zone was generally richer in Pd than Pt. Although the Pt and Pd abundances and water depths of the sampling locations are not correlated, there are clear negative correlations between the Pt and Pd abundances and the sedimentation rates in the studied regions. It is considered that most of the Pt and Pd in marine sediments is originally derived from weathering of crustal materials, and both the elements have been precipitated and accumulated as the elemental and oxide forms by the involvements in biological transport processes. The great enrichments of Pt and Pd in pelagic sediments may result from the very low sedimentation rates and strongly oxidizing environments. The different vertical distributions of Pt or Pd and organic C concentrations in the central Pacific cores suggests that the formation of organometallic complexes of Pt and Pd, and migration of both elements during the early diagenesis are not so significant except in very rare cases. The crustal abundances for Pt and Pd are tentatively estimated as 2.7 ppb and 1.9 ppb, respectively.


Background: Postnatal growth of very preterm neonates should approximate that of a normal fetus of the same postconceptional age. Extrauterine Growth Restriction (EUGR) is a major clinical problem especially in critically ill preterm neonates.Objective: to study growth of very preterm newborns (less than 33 weeks gestational age) during hospital stay and determine risk factors of postnatal growth restriction.Design/Methods: Every livebirths born before 33 weeks of GA in 1997 in 9 French areas (covering one third of French births) were prospectively included in the EPIPAGE study. Data are from one area (Nord-pas-de-Calais). From the appropriate for gestational age (AGA) population, EUGR was defined by weight at hospital discharge less than 2 standard deviations (Usher and Mc Lean). Birthweight was studied by class of 500g. Z score was assessed at day 14, at day 28, at hospital discharge. Risk factors for EUGR were studied by logistic regression.Results: 486 newborns were AGA at birth. Rate of EUGR was 25% with a mean z score of −1.25(+/− 0.37) at day 28 and −0.67(+/−0.49) at hospital discharge. Factors independently associated with EUGR were: low class of birthweight (OR 5.3 [2.8–10.0]), respiratory distress syndrom (OR 1.7 [1.0–3.1]), necrotizing enterocolitis (OR 4.1 [1.4–11.9]), parenteral nutrition for more than ten days (OR 2.7 [1.3–5.8]) and hypertension during pregnancy (OR 1.9 [1.1–3.7]). High gestational age and no oxygen at day 28 reduced risk (OR 0.4[0.2–0.7] and OR 0.5[0.2–0.8] respectively).Conclusions: EUGR rate was high in AGA very preterm newborns. Pregnancy hypertension appeared as a risk factor. Neonatal disease and nutritional status as well. This could lead to identify population at risk of EUGR for further prevention and follow-up.


Power factor correction (PFC) stages are fundamental in AC-DC high-power converters for telecom applications and servers for large datacenters. With the arrival of power gallium nitride (GaN) technologies, PFC converters are gaining in terms of superior efficiency, increased switching frequency and higher power density, compared to the existing solutions based on silicon (Sj) power MOSFETs. This paper compares the performance of silicon power MOSFETS with GaN devices. The two different technologies are compared based on a 2kW 3-channel, zero-voltage switching (ZVS), interleaved, totem pole PFC converter with hysteresis current control. Moreover, the paper provides the experimental results of efficiency, power factor (PF), input current total harmonic distortion (THDi) and thermal measurements.


Abstract : While the Navy has a productive S&T program today, the rapidly changing threat and the rate of world technological development demands change in the Navy-Marine Corps investment strategy for S&T over the next 15 years to ensure that the naval services can continue to effectively carry out their missions. Failure to change the investment strategy for Navy-Marine Corps S&T will make technological surprise on the battlefield likely and success in executing naval missions will be problematic.


A technique for the automated generation of the layout of microstrip lines loaded with complementary split ring resonators is proposed. This synthesis strategy presents a great practical interest, due to the reduction in terms of computational efforts, that is achieved without any significant lack of accuracy in the final solution. The application makes use of an aggressive space mapping (ASM) algorithm based on a constrained Broyden-based input approach. In this case, the parameter extraction (PE) does not require of any optimization, since the circuital parameters of the metamaterial transmission line can be determined following a straightforward method. Autor: Ana María Rodríguez Pérez, email: firstname.lastname@example.com Director: Vicente E. Boria Esbert, email: email@example.com Fecha de entrega: 09-09-10 Síntesis de Líneas de Transmisión Metamateriales con Mapeado Espacial Agresivo 3 ÍNDICE I. Introducción ............................................................................................................................... 4 I.1. Metamateriales...................................................................................................................... 4 I.2. Líneas de Transmisión Metamateriales ................................................................................ 6 I.2.1. Líneas cargadas CL. ..................................................................................................... 7 I.2.2. Líneas de tipo resonante ............................................................................................... 8 II. Mapeado Espacial ................................................................................................................... 10 II.1.Mapeado espacial agresivo................................................................................................. 11 III. Celda de Estudio .................................................................................................................... 13 III.1.Topología y Modelo Eléctrico Equivalente....................................................................... 13 III.2. Extracción de Parámetros................................................................................................. 15 IV. Automatización ...................................................................................................................... 16 IV.1.Planteamiento .................................................................................................................. 17 IV.2. Implementación del método............................................................................................. 18 IV.2.1. Inicialización ....................................................................................................... 18 IV.2.2. Diagrama de Flujo ............................................................................................... 22 IV.2.3. Estructura del Código .......................................................................................... 23 V. Resultados ................................................................................................................................ 24 IV.1.Ejemplo de validación....................................................................................................... 24 IV.2. Ejemplo de aplicación ..................................................................................................... 25 VI. Conclusiones ........................................................................................................................... 27 Agradecimientos ..........................................................................................................................27 Referencias ...................................................................................................................................28 Anexos ...........................................................................................................................................31 4 Síntesis de Líneas de Transmisión Metamateriales con Mapeado Espacial Agresivo


BACKGROUND
In June 1997, the American Academy of Pediatrics introduced a resolution asking the American Medical Association (AMA) to support efforts to place certified athletic trainers in all secondary schools. The AMA Council on Scientific Affairs studied that resolution and presented this report to the AMA House of Delegates in June 1998.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the professional responsibilities, educational requirements, and current use of certified athletic trainers in the prevention and care of high school sports injuries.

DATA SOURCES
MEDLINE and HealthSTAR databases were searched for English-language articles published from 1980 to 1998. Additional references were derived from references in pertinent articles, communication with experts, and the Internet sites of athletic training and sports medicine associations.

DATA SYNTHESIS
One in 5 of approximately 6 million adolescents who participate in high school sports each year sustains a sport-related injury. Most of these injuries are minor and occur during practices rather than competitions. Approximately 1 of every 100000 high school athletes will sustain a catastrophic injury. About 35% of US high schools use the services of a certified athletic trainer, who, under a physician's supervision, is responsible for the prevention and care of athletic injuries and coordination of the school athletic health program.

CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
Emphasis should be given to ensuring the health, safety, and well-being of participants in high school sports. Whereas most high school sports injuries are minor, adequately trained personnel should be present on site to ensure that such injuries are recognized early, treated immediately, and allowed to heal properly, thereby reducing the risk of more serious injury or reinjury. For such care, team physicians and coaches should have the assistance of a certified athletic trainer.


We acknowledge the support of Spanish MICINN grant FFI2010-09464-E (McNally, Boleda), the ICREA Foundation (McNally), Catalan AGAUR grant 2010BP-A00070, MICINN grant TIN2009-14715-C04-04, EU grant PASCAL2, FP7-ICT-216886, the DARPA DEFT program under AFRL grant FA8750-13-2-0026 (Boleda) and the ERC under the 2011 Starting Independent Research Grant 283554 to the COMPOSES project (Baroni, Pham). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of DARPA, AFRL or the US government.


"Guinee Forestiere" is an administrative region located in the southern part of Guinea (West Africa). It is characterized by agro-ecological conditions suitable for most types of agricultural production typical of the low elevation humid tropics. The population is mainly rural and their livelihood depends on food crops and cash crops, cultivated in various combinations. A combination of high demographic growth rate, economic and political changes, return of displaced people, and a massive but temporary flood of refugees, has led to important land-use changes in the last decades. In terms of sustainable development of the region, one of the most exciting features is the recent dynamic extension of agroforests around most villages. We report here on this extension, that we studied in detail in Nienh (8°59'N;7°54'W, Kobela CRD) which is representative of the agro-ecological and socioeconomic conditions of most villages of "Guinee Forestiere". Two main cropping systems were characterized, that both have an important tree components: (1) Coffee-based agroforests, which are the main cash income system, and (2) Elaeis parklands dedicated to rainfed rice and food crops cultivation after slash and burn, combined with 2 to 10 year fallows. The village territory was organized into concentric belts. The coffee-based agroforest makes up the first belt, directly surrounding the village. It may be subdivided into a first ring, with old coffee trees in association with Cola nitida and an upper stratum mixing various primary forest tree species, surrounded by a second ring that corresponds to a recent extension of coffee-based agroforests. This second ring differs by its younger coffee trees and its upper stratum mixing Elaeis guineensis and various heliophilous tree species. Land-use changes were quantified using a GIS analysis to compare aerial pictures from 1979 and a SPOT image from 2003. The agroforest area increased by nearly 70 % in 25 years (868 ha in 2003 versus 513 ha in 1979). This remarkable extension of the agroforest area occurred through the conversion of land under food crops and fallows into agroforests. These dynamics reveal that an increasing integration into the market economy may be achieved while increasing the ecological sustainability of the mixture of cropping systems at the village scale. (Resume d'auteur)


From the Publisher:
The primary purpose of this book is to show readers how to solve physical problems and deal with their underlying theoretical concepts, while using Mathematica to derive numerical and analytic solutions. Used as an everyday tool, Mathematica permits scientists and engineers to perform in-depth analysis of scientific computations and results. This book assumes only a basic understanding of theoretical concepts in physics. It can be used as a textbook, or as a reference work, by students and researchers alike. A brief glossary of terms and functions, as well as information explaining how to use the diskette, are contained in the appendices.


The invention relates to a PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyl) elution device for intensifying target object desorption and mass transfer based on physical assistance, belonging to the field of analysis and testing. The PCBs refers to polychlorinated biphenyls; and the invention aims at solving the problem that in the prior art, detection of a target object elution section in a sampling procedure of pollutant in environmental water by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is not satisfactory. On the basis of the structure of a customary elution device with a needle cylinder and a needle cylinder filter, an ultrasonic transmission component which is of a wristwatch shape is further sleeved on the needle cylinder, and moreover the wristwatch is sleeved near the bottom of the needle cylinder. When the elution device is used, the elution section is intensified through the following steps that: an ultrasonic wave in a high frequency band is exerted before the needle cylinder filter is communicated with a negative pressure source so as to forcedly promote the desorption and the mass transfer of the target object; and while the needle cylinder filter is communicated with the negative pressure source to suck and filter, the ultrasonic wave in the high frequency band continuously radiates so as to forcedly repress the reabsorption of the target object in the suction filtration process.


ISFET is one of the most promising BioFETs due to its obvious advantages in pH sensing compared with traditional glass electrode. The increasing requirements on the pH detecting machine leads to the need of increasing the sensitivity of the ISFET. So, the main target in this paper is to find some parameters to help increase the sensitivity of MOSFET for biological and medical detection. COMSOL is used to make the model of the MOSFET since its good performance on Multiphysics coupling. The model consists of one semiconductor domain and one electrolyte domain. Based on the operational mechanism of ISFET and the surface reaction between gate insulator and electrolyte, temperatures, charge density, intrinsic buffer capacity and the differential capacity was set to find optimal sensitivity of the ISFET. The target solution is in Controlled Room Temperature (CRT) Storage. As the temperature rises from 298.15K to 313.15, the surface site density rises from 518 1/m2 to 21019 1/m2 and the thickness of Stern Layer rises from 510–10 m to 4.510-9 m, the sensitivity can increase about 4.37%,6.43%,8.72% respectively, with optimal sensitivity about 63.3mV, 64.2mV and 65.6mV per pH.


Spheromaks are formed in a mesh flux conserver in the presence of an external dc bias field. The spheromaks remain stable to tilt instabilities with ratios of bias-to-spheromak flux of up to 47 +- 7%. Normally applied bias flux puts the spheromak separatrix inside the metal mesh and improves the particle confinement.


A two dimensional data matrix has been widely used in many applications. The lossless compression of data matrix not only brings benefits for storage but also for network transmission. In this paper, we propose a novel data-mining-based compression approach consisting of three steps: reordering and grouping data matrix columns and rows by co-clustering; post-processing to further expose redundancy in data matrix; data compression by a standard compressor. The inverse transform of co-clustering is very fast and simple, which facilitates matrix uncompression. We tested the approach on a synthetic dataset and five UCI real-life datasets. The experimental results suggest that our approach can improve compression rates at least 24% and up to 68%. The results also show that the time cost of the approach is linearly proportional to data matrix size, which is faster than other competition methods.


The method described in this paper is based upon hydrolysis of the starch gel by sodium hydroxide, which releases the dye. The dye is then taken up in an immiscible solvent, and the color determined spectrophotometrically. The method gave good reproducibility in studies both of natural activity and competitive inhibition without requiring any changes in the usual methods. The amount of dye in the final solution was related to the activity towards the dye-producing substrate of the enzyme present in the gel section.


n today's global economy, the drive for corporate competitiveness I and flexibility has led to sweeping changes in the ways enterprises are organized, economically, financially and in terms of their workforce (Boyer and Durand, 1998; Castels, 1998). Developments such as the emergence of global financial networks, outsourcing, relocation and the establishment of networks of enterprises have had far-reaching consequences for labour relations and labour law enforcement. This article examines a few of the issues raised by these transformations together with the ways in which they could be managed – tentatively at this stage – in law, particularly with reference to the experience of France and Europe. 1 Born of the second industrial revolution, contemporary labour law is, historically, the outcome of a gradual process of construction, concomitant with that of productive organization itself, within national boundaries. Such law, be it statutory or contractual, was strongly influenced by the integrated large-scale enterprise model. It conceptualizes wage employment relationships in terms of binary relations between employers and workers. It is therefore hardly surprising that the reorganization of firms, under the combined effects of financial concentration and productive decentralization, should give rise to a new set of needs for protection. The necessary evolution of labour law has already been the subject of important contributions (Supiot, 1999; Simitis, 1997; Verge and Vallee, 1997). Since the early 1980s, a process of important legal reform has


Since ages Snakes were the object of interest and worship due to their fascinating appearance coupled with their power over death. They are of interest to biologists and toxicologists all over the world to save people from snake bites and death. In a tropical country like India, snake bite can often be fatal leading to sudden death on an unwary family due to fear, mysticism and also by the toxin itself. So this study was taken up to document the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality of snake bite cases at Govt.General Hospital, Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool. We have enrolled 51 cases of snake bite casesadmitted in Department of Medicine, Kurnool medical college, KURNOOL between October 2008 to September 2009and conclude that Most of the snake bites were noted in males in the age group of 30 to 40 years working as Agricultural workers and manual labourers and were more common during the rainy season in the months of June, July, August and september.Neurotoxicity was seen in 52.94% of cases,Coagulopathy was seen in 5.88% of cases bites,Renal Failure was seen in 1.96% of cases and with mortality of 7.84%.


For Guangzhou International Conference Exhibition Center(first phase),total construction area is395,000square meters,and the garage and exhibition hall floor area is213,000square meters.According to the design requirements,all are once-troweling floors.During construction,the supporting system is applied to control big area concrete smoothness and machinery grinding,and the good effects obtained.


We present global routing optimization methods which are not based on rip-up and re-route framework. In particular, the routing optimization is based on trunk decomposition (D. Jariwala and J. Lillis, 2004) of the global routing. In this framework, the route of a net is decomposed into sets of wiring segments. By viewing a wiring segment as an "atomic object" of perturbation, we can efficiently evaluate the effect of routing tree perturbation. We propose two complementary routing optimization methods, namely segment partitioning and segment migration. These targeted optimizers can improve congestion related routing objectives by quickly shuffling wiring segments across different routing channels. Our routing approach produces better results compared to rip-up and re-route method based router Labyrinth (R. Kastner et al. 2002) with average total overflow reduction of more than 88% while taking only 61% of runtime required by rip up and reroute phase of Labyrinth. When applied to the output of Labyrinth, the approach, on average, reduces the total overflow by more than 97% with complete overflow elimination for four circuits, while requiring additional runtime of just 33%. On a larger benchmark suite, the total overflow reduction of more than 86% is obtained, with complete overflow elimination for eight circuits, while requiring only 19% additional runtime


For facilitating the use of e learning environments by teachers, we have proposed an approach that aid them to propose documents for learners taking in account their preferences and abilities, so allowing the personalization of these environments. This approach combines a pedagogical scenario design approach [1], using one of most used modelling languages IMS Learning Design (IMSLD), and taxonomy based one which is boosted-CSHTRL (Boosted Cold Start Hybrid Taxonomy Recommender for e Learning), developed to generate recommendation to learners, taking into consideration their preferences and abilities in order to motivate them, and consequently, improve efficiency and increase veracity of learner in the learning situation.


The growing sophistication of automotive software has made the development of high-quality software a cumbersome process in a small period. There exists a compromise between software complexity, quality, and duration to build it. Software development costs increase as the duration of the life cycle extends. Errors detected late in the life cycle which must have been detected early, such as contradictions in specifications and ambiguities, also raises the life-cycle costs of software development. In this approach, the Test-Driven Development (TDD) process for Automotive Software is discussed, which incorporates agile methods in the early stages of development, dramatically decreasing the possibility of discrepancies and ambiguities in specifications and thereby lowers development costs. TDD is one of the practical approaches for improving the quality and reliability of software. In the proposed methodology the tests are automated, the bugs are recognized and fixed, which in turn reduces the software development life cycle costs and improves software reliability.


Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor has been shown to decrease the time to neutrophil recovery following autologous PBSCT. Therefore, it was hypothesized that a single injection of pegfilgrastim (P) would mimic the role of filgrastim (F), resulting in at least an equivalent shortening of post-PBSCT neutropenia. PBSCT eligible NHL patients over the age of 18 years with preserved end-organ function were identified prior to the administration of high-dose chemotherapy, and following adequate stem cell harvest and cryopreservation (ie, >2.5 x 106 CD34+ cells/kg). All patients received either standard BEAM or BEAC high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). Prior to HDC, patients were randomly assigned to receive either P at a fixed-dose of 6 mg on Day +1(Arm A), or weight-based, dose-adjusted F rounded to the nearest prefilled syringe beginning on Day +1(Arm B) following transplantation. Between July 2003 and April 2007, 101 eligible patients were enrolled within our transplant network. Three patients were deemed ineligible (CHF death, patient withdrew consent, other). The analyses and results presented below outline the remaining 98 patients. The demographic characteristics of both arms were well-balanced with regards to stage at diagnosis, stage at treatment, ECOG Performance Status, histology, and prior therapy. The comparison of P vs F is summarized in the table below. Incidence of Grade 3–4 adverse events were comparable in both arms as was transplant-related mortality. In conclusion, administration of pegfilgrastim post-auto PBSCT appears to be equivalent to multiple daily dosing of filgrastim, and might be considered in lieu of filgrastim obviating the need for multiple injections.

| Variable | Arm A (P) | Arm B (F) |
|:----------------------------------------- | ----------- | ------------ |
| No. of Patients Treated | 50 | 48 |
| Doses Received (mean +/− SD | 1.0 +/− 0 | 12.7 +/− 2.6 |
| Time to ANC Recovery (days) (mean +/− SD) | 8.3 +/− 1.1 | 8.9 +/− 1.5 |
| No. of RBC Transfusions (mean +/− SD) | 1.7 +/− 0.9 | 1.9 +/− 1.2 |
| No. Platelet Transfusions (mean +/− SD) | 3.0 +/− 1.9 | 2.8 +/− 1.8 |
| Positive Blood Culture Rate (%) | 18.0% | 29.0% |
| Febrile Neutropenia (FN) Rate (%) | 18.0% | 16.7% |
| Duration of FN (days) (mean +/− SD) | 5.1 +/− 3.4 | 5.5 +/− 4.9 |

Results - Comparison of Pegfilgrastim vs Filgrastim


The Ensemble empirical mode decomposition method was introduced mainly.Through the auto-adapted permanent proportion band pass filter characteristic and after the decomposition the noise signal and the fault signal in various steps IMFS different characteristic to the overall EMD decomposition,extracted the fault characteristics of the gear box and solved the spectrum of the EMD aliasing problems.The results showed that EEMD superior to EMD method was a very effective method of fault diagnosis of gearbox.


Cardiac catheterization is one of the commonest procedures done worldwide. Although the risks of the procedure are small, it is plagued by patient dissatisfaction due to the prolonged bed rest after the procedure and groin bleeding related to the femoral artery puncture site. There have been many attempts to decrease or eliminate the bed rest postprocedure, including the development of numerous percutaneous vascular closure devices, using smaller catheters and hemostatic patches. Although these devices in general achieve faster ambulation time, none have been shown to decrease bleeding complications and they all add cost to the procedure [1–4]. Radial artery catheterization offers the unique combination of less bleeding, better patient satisfaction and early ambulation without an increased cost to the system [5–7]. Despite these advantages, radial access has been very slowly adopted. Interventionalists have quickly adopted many new techniques that were shown to benefit patients, so why not the radial approach to cardiac catheterization? The best answer may be the convincing data/ work to change (CD/WC) ratio. I would propose this as a novel barometer of predicting when there will be a shift in medical practice. Physicians will rarely change their way of doing things until the CD/WC ratio is significantly greater than 1. If we look at recent new techniques in interventional cardiology, we can see how the CD/WC ratio affects practices. One the quickest changes that occurred in interventional cardiology was the adoption of drug eluting stents (DES). The randomized data for the prevention of re-stenosis was overwhelming [8] and the techniques needed to adapt to this change were no different than using bare metal stents. This gave DES a CD/WC ratio much greater than one. On the opposite side is the use of rotational and directional atherectomy. Here there is limited data in randomized trials of any patient benefit [9] and these procedures require a significant amount of training and new techniques to be successful. So the CD/ /WC ratio is less than one with atherectomy; therefore a cardiologist's use of these devices is limited. So what is the CD/WC ratio of radial artery catheterization? At this point it is approaching 1 but not close enough for interventionalists worldwide to change their approach in large numbers. Decreasing the work to change (WC) is the first barrier that has to be overcome. Because of the radial artery's small size, vascular anomalies and its tendency to spasm reaching the central aorta can be difficult. But with appropriate training and experience, success rates with the radial technique can approach the rates with femoral cases, even in complex patients [10, 11]. In addition to better training, better equipment is also making the technique less difficult. With new sheaths for radial access, better catheters for guide support and lower profile balloons and stents, never before has radial access been easier. The more operators adopt the radial technique, the more the medical device industry will improve the tools we use. Despite these advances it is unlikely that there will be a large decrease in the WC, so if the CD/ /WC ratio is going to be greater than 1, there needs


In recent years, the shared housing rental platform (hereafter, the short-term rental platform), designed to serve the Peer-2-Peer (P2P) market, has flourished and received extensive attention from the business community and academia. However, few studies have focused on the effect of hosts' personal information on consumer purchase behavior. This article selects the host's photo as an entry point because of its important position in the site interface and builds a conceptual framework among host photo, reputation, initial trust, and consumer purchase probability based on Face Processing Theory. Three-hundred valid, scenario-based questionnaires were used for hypotheses testing. Results show that photo-based social impression perception and reputation both help consumers form initial trust, which ultimately affects consumer purchase probability ; photo-based perceived social impression has a greater impact on initial trust and purchase probability than does reputation. Results will provide some guidance for the marketing management of sharing platform organizations .


A carburized cast iron melt was prepared using crystalline and amorphous carburizers in a high-frequency induction furnace at 1 723 K, and the properties and solidification behavior of the carburized cast iron melt were studied through chill and stepped bar tests using cast samples. The re-melted samples were also examined through thermal analysis and microstructural observation. Carburization with crystalline electrode graphite facilitates the melting of graphite in the Fe-2.1%C alloy melt, and also promotes the nucleation and growth of stable eutectic graphite-γ. These result indicated clearly that the solidification behavior and the various carburizers.


56 features were identified in a global survey of complex ridged terrain (CRT) -related ridge belts. Nonrandom aerial distribution was observed with all of the CRT-related ridge belts located to the north of 200s and increasing in number towards the north. In the equatorial highlands the only concentration of CRT-related ridge belts occurs along N and NE Ovda Regio and western Thetis Regio. Major areas of CRT devoid of related ridge belts (Beta , Phoebe, Alpha Regiones, and northern Lada Terra) are regions dominated by rifting, fractures, coronae, and volcanic features. A noticable concentration of ridge belts is located within a region 20°S-80°N,00-150°E. Three classes of CRT-related ridge belts were defined: 1) Ridge belts directly in contact with CRT margins, 2) Ridge belts located apart from the CRT boundary, but whose shape and strike are affected by CRT, and 3) Ridge belts terminating against a margin of CRT. There does not appear to be any relation between ridge belt class and type of CRT margin. Some of the class 2 and 3 belts of the 20's-80°N,00-150°E region seem to be continuations of adjacent elongated blocks of CRT and could reflect the hypothesized basement of tessera-like material. Majority of class 1 and 2 ridge belts within this region parallel N or NE boundaries of large CRT plateaus or arc-like arrangements of tesserae. These relationships show that this region has been dominated by compressional stresses oriented perpendicular to the CRT boundaries, in N-SME-SW direction. Introduction. Deformational belts on Venus were first identified from Venera 15/16 and Arecibo radar images [I-31. Magellan radar images revealed that deformational belts fall into three morphological classes [4]. Class 2 belts, i.e. ridge belts [4] are generally thought to be results of compression and shortening [e.g. 4-81, probably fold-and-thrust belts [7,8]. It was earlier noticed that many ridge belts are associated with areas of complex ridged terrain (CRT, also called tessera) [1,7-91. Plains ridge belts [6], general characterictics, distribution, and formation mechanisms of ridge belts [7,8,10] have been previously studied based on the Magellan data. In this paper we present the first results of an independ-ent global survey of CRT-related ridge belts and propose a classification scheme based on geometric relations between ridge belts and CRT areas. CRT-related ridge belts were mapped using the following criteria: 1) deformational belts domi-nated by ridges (fractures or grooves may be a minor component), 2) location adjacent to areas of CRT, andlor 3) belt formation and shape clearly affected by the presence of nearby CRT. Aerial distribution. 56 CRT-related ridge belts were mapped from Magellan cycle 1 and 2 C1-MIDRs (all cycle 2 C l MIDRs were not available for mapping). Identified ridge belts are shown on the map in Fig. 1 (marked with small arrows). A nonrandom distribution of CRT-related ridge belts is observed. 48 (86%) of the identified CRT-related ridge belts are located on the northern hemisphere and only 8 (14%) on the southern hemisphere. There are no CRT-related ridge belts south of 20°S within the mapped area. These results confirm an earlier observation that CRT-related ridge belts are concentrated to the northern hemisphere [7,10].This can be partly explained by the fact that blocks of CRT are more numerous on the northern hemisphere [ l l ] , and therefore there are more suitable areas for the CRT-related ridge belts. The number of CRT-related ridge belts and their normalized surface area increase towards the north [lo]. In the equatorial highlands the only concentration of CRT-related ridge belts occurs along the northern and northeastern margins of Ovda Regio and western Thetis Regio (Fig. 1). Large areas around western Aphrodite Terra are deformed by an extensive system of dense swarms of fractures [4,12]. These extensional fractures are youngest tectonic features in the region [4,12]. Extensional stress regime has prevented large-scale ridge belt formation in the area, and fracturing may have also destroyed most of the possible older ridge belts. There are only a few CRT-related ridge belts in Beta and Phoebe Regiones, and none were identified around CRT areas of Alpha Regio and northern Lada Terra. In both Beta and Phoebe CRT areas have been deformed by large rift zones and sets of fractures and embayed by lavas [e.g. 5,13,14]. Numerous volcanic features are found on the plains surrounding these CRT plateaus [IS]. Compressional features of any kind are not common outside CRT in this region. Any signs of earlier compression along the CRT boundaries may have been destroyed by later tectonics and/or covered by lavas. Although there are no CRT-related ridge belts around Alpha Regio and northern Lada Terra, there are compressional ridge belts on nearby plains [4-61. The lack of CRT-related ridge belts may be connected to the presence of large coronae and associated fracturing and volcanism. More than half of all mapped CRT-related ridge belts and largest part of surface area covered by them are located within a region bounded by latitudes 20°S and 80°N and longitudes O0 and 150°E. This region corresponds to the "0'-150°" cluster of tesserae, excluding Alpha Regio and CRT blocks south of 2VS, identified in [ I l l . This region contains majority of the CRT boundaries and thus most of the possible locations for CRT-related ridge belts. Classification. Based on the observations of locations the ridge belts and their relations to CRT three classes of CRTrelated ridge belts were defined: 1) Ridge belts directlv in contact with CRT m a r w ' More than half (-32) of all identified CRT-related ridge belts belong to this class. They are typically curving belts of even width composed of paral-lel, closelyspaced curving or linear ridges. Ridge widths vary from a few hundred meters to several kilometers and lengths from few kilometers to several 10s of kilometers. Their topography may be very pronounced (heigths varying from a few hundred meters to several kilometers [7]) or they may be very hard to distinguish from Magellan altimetry data. Typical examples of these belts are the steep-sloped, almost 2 km high [7,16] ridge belt adjacent to NE Laima Tessera at 5g0N, 60°E and the belt along northeastern Ovda Regio at 60N,10S0E. 2) Biape belts located aoart from the CRT boundarv. but whose shape and strike are clearlv affected bv CRT (-20 belts). These belts include several ridge belts which are part of the large northern fan of plains ridge belts [1,2], e.g. a ridge belt at 680N,230°E. Other belts of class 2 may be connected to groups of class 1 belts (e.g. at 7ON,112OE) or occur alone near a CRT block. Preliminary analyses do not show major differences in ridge belt or ridge morphology or dimensions between members of two classes. Future work will include more detailed studies of morphologies of ridge belts of classes 1 and 2 and possible refinement of the classification. 3) m p e belts m a 1e and te-eainst a margin of CRT. This class has only 4 identified members (triangles in


Objective:TO explore the effect of CD34 and HLA-DR on the induction remission rate in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL). Methods: Fifty patients with APL were induced chemotherapy with the all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) and daunorubicin(DNR) after measuring with the flow cytometry in immunophenotypes in which nduction of remission rate was observed. Results: CD34 and HLA-DR had no expression in the majority of APL, a few patients had expression. There were no statistically significant difference between the CD34+ groups and CD34- groups in induction remission rate (P0.05), however, significant difference was found between HLA-DR+ groups and HLA-DR- groups (P0.05). Conclusion: The expression of CD34 was no significant effect on the induction remission rate for patients with APL,but the expression of HLA-DR could reduce the induction remission rate of APL.


Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of menopausal symptom and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and heart rate varibility(HRV). Methods: From 11th April 2011 to 20th May 2011, a total 30 female subjects (age 41-60) was recruited. We evaluated the degree of menopausal symptoms by Kupperman' s index and measured subject's WBC differential count and HRV. The data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation test using SPSS/PC ver 13.0 program. Results: 1. There was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV among 4 classified groups according to Kupperman's index.- Mild, Moderate, Severe and Urgent. 2. Granulocyte ratio and general symptom score(within Kupperman's index) significantly showed negative correlation coefficient(r=-0.499, p=0.005), and Lymphocyte ratio and general symptom score significantly showed positive correlation coefficient (r=0.374, p=0.042). 3. Granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio and HRV showed no significant correlation. Conclusions: There was no significant relation among the degree of menopausal symptoms and granulocyte/lymphocyte ratio, and HRV. But furthermore large scale study is required.


Protection forest is one of the habitats of various birds, however the increasing of forest exposureinto plantation and agriculture area distribution of bird populations surpressed. Protection ForestRegister 25 Pematang Tanggang located in Tanggamus regency has  3.380 ha areas. The purposeof this research is to identify the difference of birds species in the different of habitat. The methodthat used is IPA(Indices Point d,Abondance), with 6 points of observation. The observation wasdone for 5 effective days. Overall, the number of birds that found in Protection Forest Register 25Pematang Tanggang are 37 bird species that come from 16 family with total 985 individu. In eachdense, sparse and residential areas has 26, 29, and 12 birds species. Diversity and evenness ofbirds species in the Protection Forest Register 25 Pematang Tanggang are moderate(H'= 0,89)and stable (J = 0,80). The index value of the largest bird species similarity between bird species indense forests and sparse forests as big as(IS = 0.69). Overall of all bird species found, 12 birdsspecies that enrolled in protected status PP No. , 7 In 1999, 9 birds species listed are registered inAppendix II of CITES, and 1 bird species is enrolled in protected status of IUCN. Keywords : protection forest, diversity of birds species, protected status.


An electron spin resonance analysis confirms that an atomic nitrogen is encapsulated inside a sublimated fullerene (C 60 ) molecule in a radio frequency (RF) discharge plasma. It is observed that the electron beam superimposed RF plasma whose parameters are easily controlled has remarkable effects on the synthesis of the nitrogen atom encapsulated fullerene (N@C 60 ). Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to characterize the nitrogen species in the plasma, and it is clarified that the moderately low gas pressure and high RF power effectively dissociate the nitrogen molecules, resulting in the enhancement of the purity of N@C 60 .


We find the periods of some non-linear discrete equation systems in this study. Then we obtain the solutions of these systems releted to initial values