Principally new features of the non-collinear two-phonon light scattering governed by elastic waves of finite amplitude in birefringent bulk crystals are detected and observed. The main goals of our investigations are to reveal novel important details inherent in the nonlinearity of this effect and to study properties of similar parametric nonlinearity both theoretically and experimentally in wide-aperture crystals with moderate linear acoustic attenuation. An additional degree of freedom represented by the dispersive birefringence factor, which can be distinguished within this nonlinear phenomenon, is characterized. This physical degree of freedom gives us a one-of-a-kind opportunity to apply the strongly non-linear two-phonon light scattering in practice for the first time. The local unit-level maxima in the distribution of light scattered into the second order appear periodically as the acoustic power density grows. It makes possible to identify a few transfer function profiles peculiar to these maxima in the isolated planes of angular-frequency mismatches. These maxima give us an opportunity to choose the desirable profile for the transfer function at the fixed angle of incidence for the incoming light beam with a wide spectrum .The needed theoretical analysis is developed and proof-of-principle experiments, performed with a specially designed wide-aperture acousto-optical cell made of the calomel (α-Hg2Cl2) crystal, are presented. The obtained spectral resolution ~0.235 Å at 405 nm (i.e. the resolving power ~17,200) can be compared with the most advanced acousto-optical spectrometers for space/airborne operations. Evidently, our results with the calomel-based acousto-optical cell look like the best we can mention at the moment.


Visual indoor localization for smart indoor services is a growing field of interest as cameras are now ubiquitously equipped on smartphones. In this study, a hierarchical indoor localization algorithm is designed and validated based on 3D facility scan data, which are originally collected for facility modeling purposes. The study has shown promising results in indoor localization. The study also demonstrated a scalable approach to generate high‐quality images with reference poses from laser scan data, opening doors to generate labeled images to train end‐to‐end pose regression model (i.e., PoseNet). In this regard, this study is the first attempt to leverage facility scan data, which are commonly collected for Building Information Modeling (BIM) purpose, for indoor localization. As more facilities are documented with laser scanners, our algorithm can unlock additional values of collected data for intelligent applications.


Climate change vulnerability assessments have been receiving increasing attention from policy-makers and academics. Given scarce funds for adaptation, the UNFCCC Secretariat has suggested that eligible countries be prioritized for support based on their vulnerability to climate change. National-level fisheries sector climate change vulnerability assessments as well as other overall vulnerability assessments to date have lent support to the idea that Least Developed Countries (LDCs) are more vulnerable to climate change than Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and other coastal countries. We demonstrate that these perceived differences in vulnerability among country groups are partly due to methodological choices made during these assessments. We argue that national-level vulnerability assessments, and particularly those dealing with the fisheries sector, often suffer from four main methodological shortcomings: 1) an inconsistent representation of countries belonging to each group; 2) use of socio-economic indicators that are not scaled to population size; 3) use of a small number of indicators; and 4) lack of accounting for potential redundancy among indicators. Building on a previous framework, we show that by addressing the four aforementioned methodological shortcomings, the ranking in fisheries sector vulnerability among SIDS, LDCs and other coastal countries is altered significantly. Our results underscore that the Fish and Fisheries


of child rearing that they had experienced. While hippies and communes may be idealized as iconic aspects of the 1960s and 1970s, the experience of children raised in those situations seems far from ideal, whether those ideals are of the counterculture or of middle-class America. Growing Up in a Land Called Honalee offers an original take on the experience of children in the 1960s. Combining insights from historical analysis and the psychology of child development, Joel Rhodes makes a fascinating case for the distinctiveness both of an era and the generation that came of age in it.


1 Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-8700; 2 Western Center for Protein Research and Technology, Utah State University, Lagan, UT 84322-8700; 3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-8700; 4 Center for Dairy Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, W153706; 5 Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, W153706, USA


The nuclear topic in "The Origin of the Work of Art" is about "truth".Heidegger defines the "nature of art" as the realization of "truth implanting the work" by "the struggle between world and earth".Truth's coming into being depends on work making.The preserve of work is not a passive accept ion but an active indulge in the opening to save truth derived from work.


Maternal and Child Health (MCH) service programs as an indicator of the status of community's health status are available at every Public Health Center (PHC) in Banyumas District. However, these services are still inadequate to improve the health status of mothers and children. The condition of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 caused several MCH services not to run as previously planned. This study aimed to describe the implementation and efficiency of MCH services in PHC in Banyumas Regency. The method used in this study was a quantitative approach using secondary data on health workers and the output of MCH services at the PHC. Data were analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, with the unit of analysis being aggregate data at 10 selected PHCs using a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that 60% of the PHCs were technically efficient (VRS value 1,0), and 40% of the PHCs were technically inefficient (VRS value < 1,0). The analysis's findings indicated there were differences between efficient and inefficient PHCs in terms of the input (health personnel) and output (service use). The inefficiency of the PHC is caused by the less optimal utilization of health workers and the low utilization of PHC health services by the community. Additionally, to meet the coverage of service criteria set by the government, MCH services at the PHC in the Banyumas Regency region have been provided following the current standard operating procedures. Public Health Centers must maximize the utilization of health personnel to improve technical efficiency and condition service activities during the pandemic by adjusting regional policies while still complying with health protocols.


Just about every time astronomers hunting for the most distant quasars-those brilliant beacons at the fringe of the visible universe-carry their search to even greater distances, they come up with a new recordholder. In March 1990, a team of veteran quasar stalkers working at the 200-inch telescope at Mount Palomar inaugurated a new strategy for searching at unprecedented distances. Now, a year and a half later, the researchers-Donald Schneider ofthe Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, Maarten Schmidt of Caltech, and James Gunn of Princeton University-have analyzed their first round of data. The result: a quasar at a red shift of 4.897, unseating the earlier record holder, a red shift-4.733 quasar discovered by the same group in 1989. The record red shift means that the quasar is so far off (perhaps 12 billion light-years), and hence is speeding away from Earth so fast, that the wavelengths of its light are stretched-reddened-by a factor of almost 6. The quasar gives astronomers their earliest point of reference so far in the infant universe. And it adds to mounting evidence that gargantuan structures-quasars are thought to be massive black holes buried in early galaxies-took shape much earlier than most theories can comfortably explain. The new record-holder was already shining when the universe was less than 7% of its current age-perhaps less than a billion years old. The cold-dark-matter scenario, in recent years the favored theory of structure formation in the early universe, is hard pressed to explain how something so massive could have formed so quickly from the smooth distribution of matter left by the Big Bang. "You have to stretch to make [cold dark matter] work" for such distant quasars, remarks theorist Jeremiah Ostriker of Princeton, "although of course none of this casts any doubt on the Big Bang itself." What's more, features of the light from this and the handful of other comparably remote quasars hint at even earlier and more widespread structure than is seen directly. The fact that the quasars are visible at all, says Ostriker, is a sign that most of the neutral hydrogen along the line of sight has been swept away by radiation from other, unseen quasars or by the gravitational pull of early galaxies. And the light from this quasar, like its rivals, shows that it must have had ancestors. Its spectrum bristles with lines revealing the heavy elements carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon, which must have been forged in earlier generations of stars. "That just pushes the problem [of how these structures formed] even further back in time," says Ostriker. Finding the new record-holder required a way to comb large swaths of sky in search of quasars' faint but distinctive fingerprints. The project relies on a special-purpose camera, designed by Gunn, called the 4-Shooter. The camera divides the field of view of the 200-inch telescope into four quadrants, which are recorded simultaneously by separate arrays of electronic detectors as Earth's rotation carries the sky past the aperture. Key to the high-red shift search is a set of filters mounted in the light path: They highlight regions of the spectrum where a telltale quasar feature-an emission line from the glowing cloud of hydrogen surrounding the source-should fall at red shifts of 4 to 5.5. Back at the Institute for Advanced Study, Schneider has been running data from the 4Shooter through a computer program that picks out objects that are unusually bright at one of the telltale wavelengths. From the 40,000 objects recorded in the first survey, the program picked out 100 quasar candidates. A closer look at these candidates revealed several genuine quasars-including the new record-holder, described in this month's issue of The Astronomical Journal. "The exciting thing," says Schneider, "is that we've looked at only a seventh of our data." Newer results from the 4-Shooter are awaiting analysis, and Schneider thinks this new record won't stand for long. "I think it's inconceivable that this is the most distant quasar." a TIM APPENZELLER


Abstract This investigation attempted to determine if differences in reading comprehension would result from three grapho‐syntactic organizations. Good and poor comprehenders in fourth and fifth grades, matched for sex, grade level, and vocabulary score on the Comprehensive Test of Basic Skills, completed three cloze tests which conformed to three grapho‐syntactic organizations. The dependent variable was the number of correct responses achieved on the cloze tests. The results indicated that the grapho‐syntactic organization which divided sentences into meaningful units and one which divided sentences into random units were comprehended significantly better than was the regular paragraph format for all groups of subjects. The results of the present study support a conclusion that some young readers may profit from pre‐organized reading material. The syntactic nature of the unit employed appears to be less critical than the fact that a unit smaller than the sentence is employed.


iDiitsch, H. U., "Photochemistry of Atmospheric Ozone," Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 15, 1971, pp. 219-322. Grams, G. and G. Fiocco, "Stratospheric Aerosol Layer During 1964 and 1965," Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 72 1967, pp. 3523-3542. Johnston, H. S., "An Overview of Stratospheric Chemistry," CIAP, Vol. 1,1973, The Nature Stratosphere (in preparation). London, J., "The Distribution of Total Ozone in the Northern Hemisphere," Beitrdge zur Physik der Atmosphdre, Vol. 36, 1963, pp.254-263. Lovill, J. E., "Characteristics of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere and the Global Distribution of Total Ozone as Determined by the Nimbus III Satellite Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer," Atmospheric Science Paper No. 180, 1972, Colorado State University, pp. 1-72. Mastenbrook, H. J., "The Variability of Water Vapor in the Stratosphere," Journal of Atmospheric Science, Vol. 28, 1971, pp. 1495-1501. Reiter, E. R., "Atmospheric Transport Processes; Part 1: Energy Transfers and Transformations," TID-24868, 1969, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, Springfield, Va., AEC Critical Review Series, pp. 1-253. Reiter, E. R., "Atmospheric Transport Processes; Part 2: Chemical Tracers," TID-25314, 1971, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information, Springfield, Va., AEC Critical Review Series, pp. 1-382. Reiter, E. R., "Atmospheric Transport Processes; Part 3: Hydrodynamic Tracers," TID-25731, 1971, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Office of Information Services, Springfield, Va., AEC Critical Review Series, pp. 1-212. Reiter, E. R. and J. E. Lovill, "The Longitudinal Movement of Stratospheric Ozone Waves as Determined by Satellite," Archiv fur Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Series A, 1974, (inprint). Sticksel, P. R., "The Annual Variation of Total Ozone in the Southern Hemisphere," Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 98, 1970, pp.787-788. Viebrock, H. J..and E. L. Flowers, "Comments on the Recent Decrease in Solar Radiation at the South -Pole," Tellus, Vol. 20, 1968, pp. 400-411. Wallace, J. M. and R. E. Newell, "Eddy Fluxes and the Biennial Stratospheric Oscillation. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Vol. 92, 1966, pp. 481-489.


Launching a new journal on participatory research methods provides a wonderful opportunity to both acknowledge and deepen contributions to the vibrant fields of community-based participatory research (CBPR) and community-engaged research (CEnR) in the health fields. Many other disciplines, such as education, sociology, community and regional planning, communication, etc., share overlapping terms with similar commitments to shared power in research, including participatory action research, action research, participatory research, youth participatory action research, public involvement, practitioner research, collaborative research, citizen science, street science, and, a newer term in health, participatory health research, from the International Collaborative of Participatory Health Research. Within health, CBPR has been the most well-recognized form of community-engaged research for over thirty years (Wallerstein et al., 2018). Since 1998, it has operated with principles well-defined by Israel et al. (2013), and a widelydistributed definition launched in 2001 by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. The principles and definition ground research practitioners in long-term commitments to co-develop research with community partners, and to build from community strengths and priorities for the purposes of translating research results into policy, practice, or system-change actions towards improving health and health equity. Minkler et al. (2012) added the principles of cultural humility and importance of addressing racism, sexism, homophobia, and other inequities of power hierarchies within academiccommunity partnerships and in society. While CBPR has often been seen as calling for involvement of grassroots people from communities, neighborhood associations, or social movements, community partners in CBPR can extend to other stakeholders, such as staff from community-based organizations, public agencies or private-sector settings, and policy makers.


In Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs), the similar and dissimilar welds joining the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) nozzles to the main coolant piping have normally been volumetrically examined as part of the full 10-year RPV inspection. Generally due to access challenges to the outside diameter (OD) surface, these examinations have been performed from the component inside diameter (ID) surface. In the US and for many plants around the world, these welds fall under the requirements of the ASME B&PV Code Section XI, Appendix VIII performance demonstration as mandated by the applicable safety authority, requiring blind demonstration of detection and sizing accuracy on known defects. Many in-service inspection (ISI) vendors have qualified themselves for ID these examinations under the EPRI Appendix VIII Performance Demonstration (PD) program since it's initiation in the early 2000s, but examination of the wavy surface DM welds and field welds (closure welds) has been a challenge for virtually all vendors to achieve the target 0.125″ RMS depth sizing error. This has been managed by assuming a larger depth sizing error corresponding to whatever the vendor's PD assessed error was should an indication be found that required accurate sizing to justify continued plant operation. Moreover, vendors have been reluctant to re-qualify their systems as new tools have immerged due to the high associated cost.Equipment obsolescence and an interest to apply the latest technology prompted AREVA to undertake a re-qualification for these welds. This has allowed use of more advanced phased array techniques with 3-D wavy surface compensation. In addition, a new nozzle examination tool, NEMO has been developed. Such a tool is particularly suitable for plants where the nozzles must be examined on their 10 year or shorter interval schedule but where the vessel examination can be deferred to 20 years. This paper discusses the detection and sizing advances for these wavy surface DM welds as well as the first deployment of the NEMO tool.© 2014 ASME


THIS ARTICLE OUTLINES THE PRESENT TRENDS IN HIGHWAY POLICIES IN FRANCE. OVER THE LAST TEN YEARS, EFFORTS HAVE BEEN MADE IN FRANCE TO MODERNIZE THE ROAD NETWORK; THE BUDGET DOUBLED DURING THE LAST FOUR YEARS, AND DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE RECENT WORK CARRIED OUT IN THE FIELD OF URBAN ROADS, HIGHWAYS AND MOTORWAYS, AND THE COORDINATED STRENGTHENING OF PAVEMENTS.


The Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) is adopted to simulate the wind turbine wake and the simulation results are compared with the wind tunnel test data, simulation results from the standard k-e model and a modified k-e model. RSM shows good performance in predicting the turbine wakes velocity, turbulence intensity and the kinetic shear stress, while the k-e based models fail to predict either wakes velocity or turbulence intensity. Simulation results show that the wake velocity will be recovered up to 90% at around 10 D downstream of the turbine (D denotes turbine rotor diameter) and it stops at 91% at around 16 D downstream. The wake turbulence intensity reaches a maximum at around 5 D downstream of turbine. Further investigation shows that the horizontal profile of the wakes velocity can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution, and the turbulence intensity can be approximated by a bimodal distribution. The influence of the wakes effect is limited to within ±D in the across-wind direction. The turbine wakes show clear anisotropy, which could explain the incorrect estimation on the turbulence intensity with the extended k-e model.


Discolour controlled and formulations of apple pulp processing were studied.Citric acid,ascorbic acid,sodium bisulfite were used to controll discolour of apple pulp processing by the single factor test and orthogonal test design,in order to determined the best combination of discolour controlled.Maltose,citric acid and sodium alginate were used as additives to improve the organ sensory of apple pulp.The results showed that:citric acid,ascorbic acid,sodium sulfite had better effect of discolour controlled.The rank of each factory from better to less was:citric acid,sodium sulfite,ascorbic acid,blanching time.And the best combination was citric acid 4%,ascorbic acid 0.8%,sodium sulfite 0.6%,and the blanching time was 30min at boiling point.Organ sensory showed that citric acid had the greatest impact,followed by the alginate,and maltose.The best concentration and combination of those were citric acid 0.1%,maltose 8%,sodium alginate 0.8%.


A user device (MP) in a radio communication system independently reverts to a limited access state (BZ), on the expiry of a given time period (ZT), since the time of the last authorised usage state (FZ).


ABSTRACT A first-principle modelling of hydrogen molecular rotation in the outside of carbon nanotubes is presented. Density functional theory (DFT)-based symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) is first applied to analyse the influence of the rotation on the dispersion and dispersionless H-nanotube interaction for both sub- and nanometer-sized tubes. An adsorbate three-dimensional wave-function treatment is then applied to calculate the molecular energy levels of the rotating hydrogen molecule. As a key difference with the H located inside the tubes, the SAPT-based analysis indicates a marked influence of a nanotube curvature-induced dipole on the angular-dependent balance of exchange-repulsion, electrostatic, and dispersion contributions for narrow nanotubes. As a result, the landscape of molecular energy levels depends strongly on the diameter of the porous material. In addition, an effective one-dimensional model is proposed to account for the nuclear motion, reproducing full-dimensional approach within less than 1%. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


We report on AlGaN single-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on sapphire with peak emission at 285 nm. A study is presented to identify the key material parameters controlling the device quantum efficiency. At room temperature, for a 200 μm×200 μm square geometry mesa type device, we obtain a power as high as 0.25 mW for 650 mA pulsed pumping. The LEDs show significantly higher output powers at temperatures below 100 K.


Energy plays a major role in the everyday functions of our planet and all its life forms. From weather patterns and food chains, to human society's daily electricity and heating needs, energy is the driver of everything we know. This video series highlights the seven Energy Literacy Principles, which demonstrate energy's role across the natural and social sciences.


Abstract.  Empirical studies have shown little evidence to support the presence of all unit roots present in the Δ4 filter in quarterly seasonal time series. This paper analyses the performance of the Hylleberg, Engle, Granger and Yoo [Journal of Econometrics (1990) Vol. 44, pp. 215–238] (HEGY) procedure when the roots under the null are not all present. We exploit the vector of quarters representation and cointegration relationship between the quarters when factors (1 − L), (1 + L), (1 + L2), (1 − L2) and (1 + L + L2 + L3) are a source of nonstationarity in a process in order to obtain the distribution of tests of the HEGY procedure when the underlying processes have a root at the zero, Nyquist frequency, two complex conjugates of frequency π/2 and two combinations of the previous cases. We show both theoretically and through a Monte Carlo analysis that the t‐ratios t and t and the F‐type tests used in the HEGY procedure have the same distribution as under the null of a seasonal random walk when the root(s) is (are) present, although this is not the case for the t‐ratio tests associated with unit roots at frequency π/2.


Scanning electron microscopy with electron polarization analysis has been used to image domains of ultrathin Fe films grown epitaxially on a Ag(100) substrate. Room‐temperature measurements show clearly the existence of large domains of in‐plane magnetization for film thicknesses of 3.4 monolayers or more. No in‐plane domains were observed for thinner films.


Among the few general readers in the history of librarianship, one remains especially notable for its biographical essays: An American Library History Reader: Contributions to Library Literature (сотр. and ed. John David Marshall [Hamden, Conn.: Shoe String Press, 1961]). Marshall captured that special moment when the profession had moved from the primarily laudatory to a more mature analysis of the contributions of individuals. The essays he assembled took the library community beyond an earlier period marked by a tone more likely to promote the profession than to evaluate its role in society. By bringing together twenty-two previously completed biographical essays and integrating them into a library history reader, Marshall gave us the opportunity to examine them together and to understand them in a broad historical context. Marshall assembled essays issued between 1949 and 1961; he thus reviewed the state of the art and, having devoted nearly 70 percent of his text to scholarly biographical essays, made a case for the importance of biography. Prior to Marshall's compilation, our impressions of library biography had been formed by the likes of Grosvenor Dawe's MelvilDewey: Seer, Inspirer, Doer, 1851-1931 (Lake Placid Club, N.Y.: Melvil Dewey Biografy, 1932) and the American Library Association's American Library Pioneers series, which was published in eight slender volumes beginning with Harry M. Lydenberg's/o/m Shaw Billings (Chicago: American Library Association, 1924) and concluding with Emily


A novel two-step growth method for creating InGaN quantum dots (QDs) was developed by using a combination of an InxGa1–xN nucleation layer with a platelet structure and an InyGa1–yN formation layer with an indium content lower than that of the InxGa1–xN nucleation layer. The realized QDs were investigated by micro-photoluminescence measurements. We observed sharp emission lines at 4 K with a spectral width down to the spectral resolution limit of the experimental setup of 0.17 meV. This growth concept is discussed in comparison with conventional growth methods. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Female circumcision or mutilation is practiced mostly in Central Africa from Somalia and Ethiopia to Nigeria Guinea Gambia Ivory Coast Mali Cameroon Chad Sudan and Egypt. It is calculated that 80 million women in 40 countries have been subjected to the procedure. The circumcision problem has been carried over to Europe including Norway through the numerous immigrants and refugees from Ethiopia Eritrea and Somalia. Some of them demand circumcision for their children. Among types of circumcision there is the mild variety with the removal of foreskin of the clitoris (not widespread). Excision of the clitoris and the labia minora is practiced in parts of West Africa e.g. the Gambia often in connection with special rituals for young girls. Infibulation involves the removal of parts or all of the labia majora in addition to the labia minora and the clitoris. It is practiced relatively widely especially in Somalia. Lesions of the urethra anus and perineum can occur as a consequence. Infections in connection with the procedure can lead to fibrosis scars or ascending infections. Most children or young women are circumcised by local women and traditional midwives. Often the intervention is part of cultural rituals that mark the transition to womanhood or preparation for marriage. Although circumcision is mainly done in Muslim regions many Muslims do not practice it and some tribal groups and certain Christian groups also practice it e.g. in Tanzania. The Koran does not command circumcision. Health workers in Norway may not know how to handle circumcised women when they meet them in their daily work. Sometimes unnecessary interventions are performed sometimes ignorance may cause traumatic experiences for both patient and doctor. As a result of a circular from the Health Directorate in the early 1980s an earlier interpretation of existing law makes sure that such an invasive procedure can not be performed in Norway.


While eucalypts are virtually endemic to Australia, they are probably the most widely planted hardwood trees in the world due to their fast growth and favourable qualities for pulpwood production (Eldridge eta!. 1993; Downes eta!. 1997). as well as numerous secondary uses (Boland et at. 1991 ). Exotic land races have become established in many countries (Eldridge et at. I 993 ), yet there is still considerable demand for seed collected from the wild in Australia for species and provenance selection, breeding and deployment purposes. Many eucalypt breeding programs around the world are currently constructing breeding populations from OP (openpollinated) family trials derived from large scale seed collections of native stands. We use the case of Eucal}ptus globulus to outline the genetic framework established, and biological constraints encountered, in the exploitation of these eucalypt base populations. We emphasise: (i) the difficulties in delineating the gene pool for selection; (ii) the large amount of genetic diversity which exists within eucalypt species; (iii) the novel insights which molecular technologies are providing into gene pool structure; (iv) the importance of a knowledge of population structure and breeding systems and (v) the difficulties of accurately estimating genetic parameters from such collections.


In their 1996 work, The Global Burden of Disease, Christopher Murray and Alan Lopez introduced the concept of disability adjusted life years (DALY), as a way to standardize the burden associated with over 100 diseases. The work contains data tables of deaths, years lived with a disability, and disability weights for each cause (disease or injury) disaggregated by region and country, age, and sex (for deaths and years lived with disability). This work was updated in 2004, and data can be found on the WHO's website: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/index.html.


When a high-power laser is focused to a small spot in a fluid, nonlinear interactions at the focus can excite a plasma that evolves and glows according to the properties of the breakdown medium. This phenomenon—optical breakdown—is commonly used for underwater chemical measurements in a technique called Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). However, LIBS generally operates at short ranges and only leverages the optical emission of the plasma for sensing. If instead, the laser systems were tuned to amplify the mechanical effects of optical breakdown, then it could be deployed as a versatile source for broadband acoustic sensing. The optical breakdown acoustic source is simultaneously compact (mm-scale), loud (MPa peak pressures), ultra-broadband (10 kHz–4 MHz), and geometrically reconfigurable. Here, I will describe the physics governing optical breakdown transduction and then show how can this be tuned to enable new single-vehicle sensing strategies in the ocean.


This chapter seeks to eliminate some of the misunderstandings surrounding Charles Dickens's writings for Christmas, the works he named 'Christmas Books' (five novellas written between 1843 and 1848) and 'Christmas Stories' (short pieces that were originally contained in 'Christmas numbers' written with other contributors for his journals Household Words and All the Year Round between 1850 and 1867). By far the best known of the Christmas writings is A Christmas Carol, and its iconic status among Dickens's works has led to the undervaluing of his other writings for the season. The Christmas numbers are particularly important for their unique position as collaborative journalism in the mid-nineteenth century. This chapter surveys the history of the Christmas books and stories from their inception to current criticism, identifies the central issues of academic interest to date, and points to the areas that are opening up as a result of the greater accessibility of the Christmas numbers.


The paper purpose is to present some aspects regarding the calculus model and technical solutions for autonomous system based on endurance UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle), used to local observations, surveillance and monitoring interest area. The calculus methodology allows a numerical simulation of UAV evolution in bad atmospheric conditions using regular guidance structure. The UAV model which will be presented has six DOF (degrees of freedom), and autonomous control system. A simple but robust guidance system will be evaluated for different fly conditions and the results will be presented. The flight parameters and guidance will be analyzed. The paper is inspired by national project SAMO (Autonomous Aerial Monitoring System for Interest Areas of Great Endurance).


Background and Aim The South African higher education sector has undergone numerous changes over the past years due to external factors such as globalisation, managerialism and neo-liberalism (Ntshoe, Higgs, Higgs & Wolhuter, 2008). Furthermore De Villiers and Steyn (2009) add that state funding of higher education in South Africa has been decreased to such an extent that higher education institutions (HEI's) have been unable to parallel the increase in the number of students enrolled per year. As mentioned by Mouton (2010) universities in sub-Saharan Africa continue to operate under conditions which are seriously underresourced, which poses significant challenges for the scholars concerned. The changes in the Higher Education Institutional environment have forced HEI's to increase their level of output in terms of: enrollments, qualifications awarded, research output and institution size and number of disadvantaged students (De Villiers & Steyn, 2009) in order to remain competitive. The number of changes in performance outputs as well as the growing market for competitive higher education (HE) has greatly impacted the job demands of academics in South Africa. The environment in which academics in South Africa function now demands more of them than in previous years. For example the employment relationship has changed (i.e. teacher-driven to student-driven), altering the type of work that people do, when they work and how much they do (Barkhuizen, Rothmann & Van de Vijver, in press). Accordingly, it appears that the job demands of academics have escalated, whilst the levels of support and other resources have declined. The objective of this study was to investigate whether job demands and resources are significant predictors of dispositional employability of academics in South Africa. Method A cross–sectional research design was followed. The Job Characteristics Scale developed by Barkhuizen and Rothman (2005) and the Dispositional Measure of Employability (Fugate & Kinicki, 2008) were used as measures in this study. A total of 360 questionnaires were sent out to the sample, of which 158 completed questionnaires were received, but only 146 of these responses could be used for data analyses. This represents a 40.55% response rate. © University of Pretoria Results The results showed that there is a significant relationship between job demands and the change identity of the academics and that job demands do act as a predictor of the dispositional employability of academics in terms of their change identity. No significant relationship between the job resources and the dispositional employability of the academics were found, however all of the dimensions of DE had a positive relationship with job resources. A significant relationship between job demands and the ethnicity, home language, age, the respondent's job level and the number of hours they work was found. However, no statistically significant differences were found within gender, qualifications, job categories, years in service and the number of years in current positions. According to the results the white ethnic group experiences higher job demands than the black ethic group. Furthermore respondents speaking either Afrikaans or English experience higher job demands then respondents speaking indigenous languages. In relation to this, the age group 50 to 59 experience higher job demands compared to that of the age group 20-29. Associate professors experience higher job demands than junior lecturers. No significant relationship between the academics' perception of their job resources and their demographic characteristics was found. There are significant differences between the DE of the academics and their ethnicity, home language, job category, years in service and hours of work. No statistically significant differences were found within gender, age, qualifications, job level or years in the current position. The Black ethnic group indicates higher levels of resilience and motivation compared to the other ethnic groups, and indigenous languages have higher levels of resilience compared to the other two language groups. Academics that function as both researchers and lecturers have higher levels of career proactivity compared to the academics that function only as a researcher or lecturer. Respondents that have been in the industry for between zero to 10 years have a higher level of resilience compared to the respondents who have served for longer. The working hours of group four (between 31 to 40 hours) show higher levels of resilience compared to the other groups.


In order to enhance the mobile penetration ability of anti-ship missiles, according to the anti-ship missile and the ship to air missile combat process, reducing the interception probability of ship to air missile weapon system, the construction of spiral maneuvering anti-ship missile penetration model to air missile weapon system. By studying the extraction methods of miss distance, ship to air missile is given criterion, the sufferings of the anti-ship missile spiral maneuvering penetration probability of anti-ship missile simulation calculation. Results show that by optimizing the combination ballistic can choose appropriate spiral maneuvering scheme improve the anti-ship missile penetration ability.


During the last years of his life, Oscar Wilde (1856–1900) suffered from a suppurating otitis media as well as from an unidentified skin disease. The eruption was localized to his face, arms, chest and buck and itched severely. A new theory is suggested, bused on the fact that Wilde almost certainly used a dye to conceal his rapidly praying hair. He sensitized himself to p‐phenylenediamine and developed A stubborn allergic contact dermatitis. Patch testing, the only proof of such a diagnosis, had not yet been devised.


Three new species, Euphorbia namulien- sis Bruyns, E. marrupana Bruyns, and E. stenocaulis Bruyns (Euphorbiaceae), are described from the botanically poorly known northern parts of Mocambi- que.


: The growth in internet and e-commerce appears to involve the use of online credit/debit card transactions. The increase in the use of credit / debit cards is causing an increase in fraud. The frauds can be detected through various approaches, yet they lag in their accuracy and its own specific drawbacks. In this work, the behaviour-based approach to classification is used to improve its accuracy. If there are any changes in the conduct of the transaction, the frauds are predicted and taken for further process. Due to large amount of data credit / debit card fraud detection problem is rectified by the proposed method. The credit card frauds can be detected by evaluating the CC purchasing patterns using the historical data in order to detect the frauds. This data evaluation can help the banks or other organizations offering credit cards to minimize their losses due to the credit card frauds. The historical data evaluation with the current purchasing patterns requires the statistical modelling, which can automatically evaluate the fraudulent patterns and alarm the banks about the transactions. This helps the banks for early detection of the frauds, where they can easily eliminate the CC frauds by declining the suspected transactions


We have investigated the preparation and electrochemical characteristics of a lithium excess Li4.3Ti5O12 carbon composite (Li4.3Ti5O12/C) with different carbon sources (polyacryl acid, polyvinyl alcohol, and carboxy methyl cellulose sodium). We have prepared the lithium excess Li4.3Ti5O12/C by a spray-drying method followed by calcining at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The TEM observations indicated that the surface of the Li4.3Ti5O12/C particle was clearly covered with an amorphous carbon layer. The Li4.3Ti5O12/C materials employing polyvinyl alcohol as the carbon source showed the best rate performance with the highest discharge capacity of 117mAh (g-Li4.3Ti5O12/C) at the 10C rate. © The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.


Fenugreek has a long history of medical uses in Chinese and Kurdish medicine, the objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of topical application of fenugreek on the wound healing in rabbits. Twenty adult healthy local breed male rabbits weighing 1600-1800 gram were used. Animals were divided into two equal groups, by surgical aseptic technique, two surgical skin incision at length of 3 cm in the back region were done on both side of the vertebrae, then they closed by simple interrupted pattern by silk (3/0). Control group treated with Vaseline while in treated group the wounds were covered with 10% fenugreek ointment twice daily for 21 days. The clinical and histopathological evaluation revealed that fenugreek promote the wound healing by early formation of cellular fibrous connective tissue, granulation tissue and early maturation of fibrous connective tissues, which characterized by regular and complete layer of epidermis, when compared with control group, in conclusion this study indicated that the fenugreek was enhanced wound healing and that may be due to it is therapeutic and nutritional activities.


S THE COST OF HARDWARE and software goes down, and as the pressures from our organizations to provide more data, more speed, more flexibility, more applications, more everything(!) goes up, we are faced with two daunting tasks. The first is finding time to stay current with emerging technologies; the second is evaluating alternatives and investments with a variety of unknowns, coupled with large dollar amounts and huge risks. In this issue, we have gathered articles to aid you in those two tasks. One of the most talked about emerging technologies today is wireless communication. So we begin this issue with "WAP: Transitional Technology for M-Commerce" by Mahesh Raisinghani. Wireless application protocol (WAP) is used to display Web and other data on the small screens of hand-held devices such as cellular telephones. WAP offers a communications protocol as well as an application environment, providing the specifications for Wireless Markup Language, which is similar to HTML. The article reviews what WAP is and how it works. Raisinghani then ties in the use of WAP with mobile commerce (M-commerce), noting that mobile access has the potential to change the way companies do business and the way employees perform their tasks. At present, M-commerce efforts are focused on providing a smart gadget that offers a combination of an electronic organizer, a personal computer, and a mobile telephone. One study predicts that by 2003, an organization that can offer a reliable wireless accessible portal will have a potential user base of nearly 300 million wireless Internet subscribers. As the Internet continues to cover the IT landscape, organizations are developing ways to provide services and track who uses these services. "Cookies and Web Bugs" by William Harding, Anita Reed, and Robert Gray educates the reader about these electronic tags, which help Web sites track visitors in cyberspace. We've been reading about cookies for some time now — those text files that are created by a Web site and written to the hard drive. They are used when data are moving around. We have visitor cookies, preference cookies, shopping basket cookies, and tracking cookies. Cookies are used to track our browsing history, to target ads based on earlier actions, and to personalize our site. They do have their downside, however. To some, cookies represent a security risk and an invasion of privacy. The fear is that information captured by a cookie will be accessible to other users. Web bugs, on the other hand, are graphics on a Web page or E-mail message that monitor who is reading the page or message. A Web bug is about the size of a period and is essentially invisible on the page. When the page or message is viewed, the Web bug sends a ping or callback to the server with information about the viewer. People can't see Web bugs, and anti-cookie filters can't recognize them. Privacy concerns with Web bugs are just as considerable as concerns about cookies. Web bugs and cookies can work together to determine the identity of people and personal information about them, even before these users arrive at a particular site. Privacy is one of the areas discussed in Brad Oates' article "Cyber Crimes: How Technology Makes It Easy and What to Do About It." Privacy protections that are in place enable thieves to take advantage of the benefits of this anonymity that hampers prevention and investigation efforts. The cost of cyber economic crime is over $500 billion annually. Cyber crimes offer criminals more opportunitites with large payoffs and fewer risks. The amout of credit card fraud is twelve times higher online than in the physical retail world. Consumer victimization usually results in the loss of privacy, good credit status, funds, or assets. Industry and government victimization usually results in the loss of profit, damage to reputation, loss of intellectual property, or loss of continuity of business. Many corporations used to take the position that fraud was a cost of doing business. The cost of fraud was passed on to the customer via increased prices. In today's competitive market, that is not a feasible option. There needs to be worldwide agreement on the definitions regarding economic crime and computer crime. Investigating and prosecuting economic crimes must become a priority. Privacy is also one of the trends discussed in Michael Erbschloe's "Forces of Change: Ten Trends That Will Impact the Internet Over the Next Five Years." The right to privacy and the protection of privacy are topics of worldwide debate. Developers are under pressure to create methods of identifying where users originate and how their privacy must be protected. There needs to be international cooperation in developing laws that deal with computer crime and the use of the Internet to support criminal activity, because the global nature of the Internet comes into conflict with local laws governing content and commerce. For their part, Internet companies have to


Research on geographic differences in social isolation and its relationship with health is limited. Using data from Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (n=3,377, mean age=72.4), we compared differences by rurality (urban vs. rural) in measures of reported social support, social relationships, and loneliness. We also conducted stratified ordered logistic regression models to assess how the association between isolation and self-rated health (1=poor; 5=excellent) differs by rurality. Overall, rural older adults were more likely than urban older adults to say that they could rely on family and friends, and rural residents reported larger numbers of close friends and relatives. There were no differences by rurality in loneliness, with all respondents scoring an average of 3 out of 9 on the loneliness scale. In stratified models, scoring higher on the loneliness scale was associated with poorer health for both urban and rural older adults (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.88, p<0.001 and 0.92, p<0.05, respectively). In contrast, being able to rely on family members was associated with better health (AOR: 1.46, p<0.05) for urban older adults, whereas having more friends was associated with better health for rural older adults (AOR: 1.19, p<0.05). As social isolation and loneliness continue to gain recognition as urgent population health issues, there is a critical need for targeted information on the prevalence and risk factors for social isolation and associated poorer health by geography in order to design targeted, effective interventions; this study adds useful information with which to do so.


In this paper we investigate the consequences on the pricing of insurance contingent claims when we relax the typical independence assumption made in the actuarial literature between mortality risk and interest rate risk. Starting from the Gaussian approach of Liu et al. (2014), we consider some multifactor models for the mortality and interest rates based on more general affine models which remain positive and we derive pricing formulas for insurance contracts like Guaranteed Annuity Options (GAOs). In a Wishart affine model, which allows for a non-trivial dependence between the mortality and the interest rates, we go far beyond the results found in the Gaussian case by Liu et al. (2014), where the value of these insurance contracts can be explained only in terms of the initial pairwise linear correlation.


Different amounts of rare earth elements were added to an cast zinc aluminium copper alloy. The formation of the phases affected by the rare earth additions and their effects on the properties of the alloy were studied. The results show that rare earths can refine the grain structure, and the optimum amount of the addition is 0.06%.


Animals and humans exposed to heat stress (HS) conditions may modify their physiology and metabolism to maintain homeostasis. In the dessert regions of the world, they have to adapt to great changes in ambient temperature (AT) within 24‐h periods, from thermo neutral (TN) AT early in the morning to stressful high AT in the afternoon. An experiment was conducted with six pigs (45 kg BW), individually housed, during the summer of Northwestern Mexico to analyze the impact of HS as well as the diurnal changes in AT on their blood chemistry. First, the pigs were housed under natural HS conditions (30.4 – 41.1° C, HS) during 14 d. Then, the pigs were moved to an air‐conditioned room (22.6–25.1 °C, TN) for two weeks. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of pigs at 0600, 1200 and 1600 h, during the last three days under HS, and again on the last day under TN conditions. Samples were processed to obtain serum in which blood chemistry parameters were analyzed. Heat stress reduced the serum concentration of cholesterol, total proteins, albumin, globulin, phosphorus, and Ala‐amino‐transferase (P<0.05); indirect bilirubin tended to reduce (P<0.10), and calcium tended to increase (P<0.10). As for the diurnal changes in AT, Ca SC decreased at 1200 and 1600 h (P<0.001) as compared with that at 0600; cholesterol also reduced at 1600 h compared to 0600 h (P<0.05). These changes indicate that HS animals modify their physiology and that some factors such as blood proteins, cholesterol and calcium are modified along the day in order to maintain pig homeostasis.


The paper appraises the existing media accountability structures in Nigeria and their appositeness on the ethical expectations from journalists by the society. The paper employs social responsibility theory to linchpin the thesis of the paper. The paper submits that the existing structures may not be able to support the fragile nature of our fledgling democracy. It therefore recommends the strengthening of the existing structures through self regulation, minimal government interference with more roles for the civil societies. Keywords: Media, accountability systems, Journalism Practice, ethics


Summary

Despite widespread use of hydrogels in biomedical devices, low moduli and brittleness of hydrogels has hindered applications with load bearing requirements. In this study, different molecular network design strategies (homopolymer, copolymer, and double network) were used to control the arrangement of macromers to tune the mechanical properties of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-based hydrogels. The resulting changes in swelling ratio, crosslink density, and fracture properties of the gels were then investigated. It was hypothesized that increasing the number of polymerizable groups on the macromers methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MCS) or methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MHA) and using oligo(ethylene glycol diacrylate) s to copolymerize with can improve the crosslinking by increasing the effectiveness of polymerization through the kinetic chains. By increasing the degree of methacrylation of MCS from 24 to 34 mol%, the swelling ratio q and the crosslink density ρx of 13 wt% MCS gel was changed from 210 to 44 g/g and from 230 to 740 mol/m3, respectively. Despite improved ρx and tuned q, the fracture strain of the homo- and copolymer gels remained fairly low (<25%), likely due to the highly extended conformation of glycosaminoglycans, and the microheterogeneity induced by the kinetic chains. However, using a DN double network design (with PAAm), the fracture strain and toughness of the gels were greatly improved as the fracture strain of 15 wt% MCS-PAAm DN increased more than 3 times, from 15 to 55%. The versatile physical and favorable biological properties of GAG-based hydrogels make them promising materials for many biomedical applications.


A composition comprising at least one protein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of: a protein comprising a fragment isolated from the extracellular region of NKp46; an antibody specific for the extracellular region of NKp46, and a combination thereof, for use in the prevention or treatment of type 1 diabetes.


ABSTRACT The focus of this research is the Impact Assessment of Endogenous Development
Projects Technical School UENB Robinsoniana of "Gran Colombia" implemented in the
years 2006-2009, with the Proposal Methodology for Assessing the Impact of
Educational Programs : A Participatory Approach "of Escontrela and others to provide
alternatives to the institution to the optimization of each stage of the next projects to be implemented. The research approach is qualitative and evaluative research, which allowed to obtain direct information from the implementers and executors, beneficiaries of the projects, through Participatory Evaluation Workshop, in which actors answer five questions were focal established by the proposal. The data analysis was based on the categories and subcategories emerging research, the results obtained allowed to know the ways to enhance the projects, such as evaluation, supervision, involving the entire educational community, relevant institutions and improve communication channels. We
can conclude that the endogenous development projects implemented in the institution
were planned in compliance with the stages of diagnosis, planning, implementation and
evaluation, the latter being the weakest of the process, therefore, not achieved the
objective of such projects that is to benefit the institution and surrounding communities with the final product.


This report summarizes Detection and Analysis of Threats to the Energy Sector (DATES), a project sponsored by the United States Department of Energy and performed by a team led by SRI International, with collaboration from Sandia National Laboratories, ArcSight, Inc., and Invensys Process Systems. DATES sought to advance the state of the practice in intrusion detection and situational awareness with respect to cyber attacks in energy systems. This was achieved through adaptation of detection algorithms for process systems as well as development of novel anomaly detection techniques suited for such systems into a detection suite. These detection components, together with third-party commercial security systems, were interfaced with the commercial Security Information Event Management (SIEM) solution from ArcSight. The efficacy of the integrated solution was demonstrated on two testbeds, one based on a Distributed Control System (DCS) from Invensys, and the other based on the Virtual Control System Environment (VCSE) from Sandia. These achievements advance the DOE Cybersecurity Roadmap [DOE2006] goals in the area of security monitoring. The project ran from October 2007 until March 2010, with the final six months focused on experimentation. In the validation phase, team members from SRI and Sandia coupled the two test environments and carried out a number of distributed and cross-site attacks against various points in one or both testbeds. Alert messages from the distributed, heterogeneous detection components were correlated using the ArcSight SIEM platform, providing within-site and cross-site views of the attacks. In particular, the team demonstrated detection and visualization of network zone traversal and denial-of-service attacks. These capabilities were presented to the DistribuTech Conference and Exhibition in March 2010. The project was hampered by interruption of funding due to continuing resolution issues and agreement on cost share for four months in 2008. This resulted in delays in finalizing agreements with commercial partners, and in particular the Invensys testbed was not installed until December 2008 (as opposed to the March 2008 plan). The project resulted in a number of conference presentations and publications, and was well received when presented at industry forums. In spite of some interest on the part of the utility sector, we were unfortunately not able to engage a utility for a full-scale pilot deployment.


Rapid advances in electronic and computer technology have ushered in what we call an age of information. The exponential growth of the Internet and the Web has flooded us with huge quantities of data in different formats on a variety of subjects. To manage this colossal amount of data and extract useful information out of it, we need efficient and effective means of organizing and indexing the data. Though these data are available in different forms and the amount of available multimedia data (images, speech, audio, video etc) is rapidly increasing, textual data continues to be a fundamental and very widely prevalent form of storing information. Textual information can be broadly classified into three categories based on their structure : (i) unstructured data (ii) structured data and (iii) semi-structured data.


In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of clustering analysis and boundary point detection algorithms are analyzed, Combined with intrusion detection to deal with the characteristics of the data object containing noise, varied types,uneven density, and large amount of data. The Non parametric boundary point detection algorithm NPRIM algorithm is used by the project group to add the clustering function. It is proposed that the algorithm can not only be able to cluster and extract the boundary points without input parameters, but also can be applied to intrusion detection system. Related concepts of NPRIM algorithm In any data set, the distance between the interior point and the nearest neighbor is small, but the distance between the two clustering boundaries or between the cluster boundary and the noise are relatively large. So in the triangle subdivision graph, the edge which regard clustering boundary point as the endpoint, short and long (Short side are connected to the cluster internal point, long edge connected with noise or other clusters), As shown in Figure 1, the point A is the clustering boundary point, point B, E is the noise point, point C is the inner point of the cluster, and the point D is the boundary point of the noise class, Can be seen from the diagram,the difference in the long side and short which regard A,D as the endpoint, however, the difference is small with point B, C, E as the endpoint[1].The algorithm using boundary point in the triangle subdivision graph characteristics of the distribution to detect the boundary points.


To study the mobility and lifetime of charge carriers in thin film polycrystalline silicon deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition, time-resolved microwave conductivity measurements have been performed. Using this technique the change in conductivity in the polycrystalline silicon films after pulsed excitation can be monitored on a nanosecond time scale, without the use of electrodes. Due to the different penetration depths of the laser wavelengths used (320, 500, and 690 nm) combined with illumination from different sides, the photoconductivity in different regions within the sample can be measured. Four different samples of polycrystalline silicon deposited on Corning glass have been studied: Poly1 (highly defective), Poly2 (device quality) and profiled layers of Poly1 and Poly2. For front or back illumination, the conductivity transients for the Poly1 film are very similar and show that lifetimes of the charge carriers generated are less than 1 ns. For the Poly2 film the mobility in the interfa...


Boron carbide (B/sub 4/C) is one of advanced materials and is being used in a wide rage of applications. The unique feature of this material is its large neutron-absorbing cross-section. Some of its most prominent applications are controlling rods in nuclear reactors and radiation protection. 24 GHz microwave processing for B/sub 4/C ceramics were performed under flowing argon gas using the sintering system. Enhanced sintering was observed in B/sub 4/C ceramics for sintering with the microwave power of 2.5 kW as compare to 1.5 kW one, even at the same sintering temperature and holding time. The experiment results in different sintering conditions are presented.


The abundant documentation related to the thirteenthto fourteenth-century manor has long been considered central to the reconstruction of the socio-economic world of lords and peasants. But historians have rarely questioned the validity of the seigneurial view of the manorial environment that survives through surveys and extents, despite this being the observation of elites who were frequently absent from their lands. Using the Huntingdonshire manor of Elton as a case-study, comparing these documents with literary texts alongside surveys outlining lands closer to the aristocratic heart, like forests and chases, it is evident that there was a deliberate seigneurial distancing from manorial land, which was increasingly being seen dispassionately and simply in fiscal terms in the postConquest period. The much overlooked evidence that can be termed peasant naming strategies – both personal and environmental names – means that we can start to recognise the local environment as an intimately known place, something much closer to modern ideas of landscape as opposed to the arid lordly descriptions of mere land. Indeed, looking at the manorial environment through the eyes of resident peasants highlights that our understanding of how local landscapes were seen has hitherto been one-dimensional. Lords traditionally associated peasants with the soil they tilled, but there is evidence that free tenants attempted to sever this connection, preferring to emulate elites in viewing the natural world as symbolic. Peasant furlong names sustain the seigneurial convictions, but when assessed alongside the manorial documentation, the negative connotations are called into question and we can begin to detect evidence of scientific knowledge and close observation


The objective of the current work aimed to investigate whether carvedilol is an effective antishock agent in the well established in vivo ischemia/reperfusion model of splanchnic artery occlusion shock. Also, to investigate the mechanism of this protection, such as antioxidant properties, preservation of endothelial function, and inhibition of neutrophil accumulation and adhesion. For this study, 36 rats weighing 120-200gm were selected. They were classified into 4 groups; control, splanchnic ischemia-reperfusion (SI/R), SI/R rats injected by 0.5mg/kg carvedilol and SI/R rats injected by 1.0 mg/kg carvedilol. Each group was formed of 9 rats. The results obtained showed that; hematocrite, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly increased (p<0.001) while plasma MDA and anti MPO were non-significantly increased in ischemic-reperfusion group compared with the control group. Comparative study of injected groups versus noninjected SI/R group, the result showed that; significant decrease of hematocrite (p<0.01), tissue MDA (p<0.001) and MPO (p<0.001) while plasma MDA and anti MPO were non-significantly changed in SI/R rats injected with 1.0 mg/Kg carvedilol. Mean while, SI/R rats injected with 0.5mg/Kg carvedilol showed non significant changes of all studied biochemical parameters when compared with the non-injected SI/R rats. We could conclude that; carvedilol pretreatment leads to amelioration of the adverse effects of SI/R shock by scavenging oxygen free radicals, counteracting the increased microvascular permeability and inhibiting the adhesion and activation of neutrophils in this model of splanchnic ischemia/reperfusion. Introduction Ischemia and reperfusion of the splanchnic circulation resulting from vascular occlusion, hemorrhage, or trauma are critical in the


This video shows a continuing work of the glove puppet robot presented before [1]. The major improvement from the previous work is to mount the 9-DOF mechanism, which mimicking a glove puppet manipulation, on a two-wheel mobile platform. The platform provides agile movements of the robot but itself is an unstable system. Hence, a self-balancing controller is implemented by considering the motion as well as configuration variation of the upper body (the 9-DOF mechanism). The control law utilizes the principle of computed torque method with online identification of related parameters using various sensors including an accelerometer. The incline angle is obtained by fusing a gyroscope and a tilt sensor. Under the balancing control, the forward motion of the robot is achieved by giving a desired tilt angle profile. To minimize the footprint of electronics, the controller is implemented using an 8-bit single-chip microcontroller. Further, to enhance the interaction capability of the system, a simple gesture coding using dynamic time warping[2] identification method with Markov model is implemented for the data glove to recognize the puppet gesture by human hand.


Personalized search systems tailor search results to the current user intent using historic search interactions. This relies on being able to find pertinent information in that user's search history, which can be challenging for unseen queries and for new search scenarios. Building richer models of users' current and historic search tasks can help improve the likelihood of finding relevant content and enhance the relevance and coverage of personalization methods. The task-based approach can be applied to the current user's search history, or as we focus on here, all users' search histories as so-called "groupization" (a variant of personalization whereby other users' profiles can be used to personalize the search experience). We describe a method whereby we mine historic search-engine logs to find other users performing similar tasks to the current user and leverage their on-task behavior to identify Web pages to promote in the current ranking. We investigate the effectiveness of this approach versus query-based matching and finding related historic activity from the current user (i.e., group versus individual). As part of our studies we also explore the use of the on-task behavior of particular user cohorts, such as people who are expert in the topic currently being searched, rather than all other users. Our approach yields promising gains in retrieval performance, and has direct implications for improving personalization in search systems.


The decapeptidyl repeats from M.coruscus foot protein-1(Mcfp-1) was amplified by PCR and cloned into pGEX-4T1 expression vector.The recombinant Mcfp-1 fragment 1-12 GST fusion was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) and purified with glutathione-Sepharose 4B.Thrombin was used to remove GST to obtain the recombinant the Mcfp-1 1-12 peptide,and the adhesive bioactivity was characterized by tyrosinase modification,surface coating analysis,QCM(quartz crystal microbalance),and cell adhesion and cytotoxicity analysis.The results showed that the coating and adhesive ability of Mcfp-1 1-12 on several material surfaces was comparable to or better than that of Cell-TakTM(mixture of naturally extracted mussel adhesive protein,MAP).No cytotoxicity was detected by the MTT assays in HeLa and 293T cells.It suggested that recombinant Mcfp-1 1-12 might be used as the bioadhesive for medical purpose.


Abstract— Photoprotecting effects of near UV radiations (300–400 nm, maximum at 360 nm) against far UV radiations (primarily 254 nm) have been studied in Escherichia coli B/r cells in minimal medium with glycerol as a carbon source. Near UV light (105 Jm‐2) has a negligible effect on survival, but causes transitory inhibition of respiration, growth, DNA, RNA, and protein syntheses and cell division. Far UV (52 J m‐2) reduces survival to about 0.5 per cent; respiration, growth and RNA and protein syntheses proceed for about 60 min, after which they nearly cease for several hours. Near UV given before this fluence of far UV increases survival 10‐fold and the above processes resume at times and with kinetics characteristic of those produced by lower fluences of far UV. Single‐strand breaks appear in the DNA of both unprotected and photoprotected cells; repair of the breaks is essentially complete in protected but not unprotected cells. The viability kinetics for far‐UV‐irradiated cells with and without photoprotecting treatment are identical except that the curve for the latter is displaced upward about 1 log; exponential increases (cell division) begin at 120 min in each case. The data suggest that, in B/r cells grown under our particular conditions, namely in minimal medium with glycerol, photoprotection is not the result of growth or division delays, but reflects an increased repair capability due to continued respiration.


A junction affine network model is solved for chains following a Redner-des Cloizeaux distribution In a gel at c* the network strands behave as isolated chains. In a good solvent their elastic properties cannot be obtained from Gaussian statistics as in the classical models of rubber elasticity. Instead the Redner-des Cloizeaux distribution is employed, which is known to be an excellent approximation to the end-to-end distance distribution of flexible polymer chains in a good solvent. The implications of using non-linear entropic springs, the role of fluctuations and the quality of the affine approxtmation are worked out for a Flory-Rehner model The applicability to swollen networks and the elasticity of two dimensional c*-gels are briefly discussed


Abstract Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a new cataloguing standard, designed for the digital world, built on foundations established by Anglo American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) and it is to replace the existing Anglo American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd Edition (AACR2). RDA provides a comprehensive set of guidelines and instructions on resource description and access covering all types of content and media. It is based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) in order to relate the user task of retrieval and access in an online library catalogue and biographic database from a user's perspective. Bibliographic records in RDA are more relevant in an online environment by enabling catalogs to cluster related records to show different manifestations of the same work. Patrons could discover that the information sources they are seeking are available in different forms in the library. This paper investigated RDA as a new standard for cataloguing as well as the challenges related to RDA implementation in libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa, as the literature evidence that many libraries in Africa are still using the AACR. Qualitative research approach based on document content analysis was used. Findings revealed that RDA is gradually implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa however, there are challenges related to power supply, internet connectivity, ICT skills, training, funding and LIS systems. The study recommends alternative power supply, other training options, development of consortia, among others.


The abortion debate shifted from the courts to Congress in 1981 with the advent of a new national administration and a new Congress. Legislators introduced statutes and constitutional amendments designed to outlaw abortion and curb the powers of the federal courts. There is now a distinct possibility, for the 1st time since the 1973 Supreme Court decision legalizing abortion, that prolife advocates may bring about fundamental changes in national policy. In the process they may change radically the basic separation of powers between the legislative and judicial branches of the national government as well as the boundaries between federal and state political activity. The 2 most significant political developments of 1981 were the legislative hearings on the human life statutes (S. 158) before the Senate Subcommittee on the Separation of Powers and the hearings on the new "federalist" human life amendment (S.J. Res. 110) before the Senate Subcommittee on the Constitution. The legislative hearings on S. 158 and S.J. Res. 110 are milestones in abortion politics. They illustrate underlying philosophical differences between abortion opponents and proponents on such basic issues as the ascription of value, the relation between law and morals, the uses of politics, and the uses of science. The reassertion of congressional prerogratives on the abortion issue has meant introduction of the human life statute and the new human life amendment. Both proposals have been reported favorably out of their congressional subcommittees to the Senate Judiciary Committee. On March 10, the Judiciary Committee endorsed the Hatch bill by a vote of 10 to 7, opening the way for a full floor debate. The 1st of these 2 major initiatives, the human life statute, was introduced by Senator Jesse Helms on January 19, 1981. This bill would, by a simple majority of the 2 houses of Congress, declare a fetus to be a human being from the moment of conception. By declaring that a human life begins at conception, the Helms bill seeks to redefine the words "person" and "life" for purposes of implementing the 14th amendment. The rationale underlying S. 158 is that government can exercise its paramount duty of protecting human life only if some branch of that government can determine what human life is. Apart from the constitutionality of S. 158, Senator East's subcommittee hearings raised fundamental questions regarding the role of science in public policymaking. The Hatch amendment would overturn Roe v. Wade and permit both the states and the federal government to make laws restricting, but not permitting, abortion. The hearings on S. 158 have helped to clarify a fundamental issue in public discourse about abortion policy, i.e., the significance of the question when does human life begin. The record of the hearings indicates that both prolife and prochoice activists now realize what philosophers have long known--that this is the wrong question.


The study was aimed of evaluating the nutritive value of silages from five corn hybrids (AG 122, AG 9090, AG 5011, Dow 766 and DKB 747). The used five treatm...


This paper presents a new attempt to extract natural strokes from handwritten Chinese character. The extraction of this feature set has hardly been attempted sufficiently. One approach for this has been proposed in which duplicated employment of building blocks in multiple strokes is allowed. Unlike that approach, our technique would prohibit the employment of the same building block in forming distinct output strokes, so as to facilitate the analysis of the problems involved in the extraction of these strokes. Stroke model, which describes the structural characteristics of a stroke class, is constructed for every class. Special treatments, with substantial reference to the structural knowledge of the target stroke set, are employed to handle the deformations introduced during the thinning process. By the experiments, it is verified that decision regions of the stroke classes, based on several parameters, exhibit overlapping in both the single-writer and multiple-writer cases. The idea of "personalization" is introduced to partially improve this situation. Finally, by restricting the building blocks to be employed by one output stroke only, the extractor is able to produce a measure called "valid stroke count" for each input character which is of 93% accuracy out of the total expected stroke count. This measure can serve as an important guide in narrowing the search space in the character matching phase.


This thesis was elaborated as part of a project developed for the Italian Chamber of Commerce of Prato, during a collaboration with the MIT-MEL. The final output of the project is the design of a strategy to support the Chamber of Commerce in the implementation of a new service to the district of Prato. Faced with current economical and social pressures, the Chamber of Com- merce of Prato expressed the need for internationalizing the district. Prato is an industrial district in Northeastern Italy, highly specialized in fashion manufacturing. However, the general fall in demand and competitive pres- sure of new supply markets had immediate repercussions on the exports and economic situation of Prato's industrial district. The research question addressed in this study is: How can stakeholders be better engaged in the experience of a service provided by a public sector organization? In order to provide an answer to this question, a literature research was done and a case study was performed. To reach the objective, the project is structured in three main phases: re- search, design, implementation strategy. The service, named Fashion Valley, was developed during the collaboration period and used as a case study for this research. From the literature and context analysis, a list of design guidelines to reach a greater engagement and thus create better experiences was developed. These guidelines lead to the creation of Fashion Valley, a discovery and management web-platform for the companies of Prato and external designers. The service creates new business opportunities in the district and facilitates the manufacturing process. The value exists for designers, companies and con- sequently to the Chamber of Commerce. Fashion Valley promotes the district and fosters new business relationships. The business model developed is the unification of all the steps which need to be taken in order to achieve a cohesive service strategy. Steps can be clus- tered in three diðerent levels: the technology implementation, engagement initiatives and long-term strategy, and are represented in the service road. Technology refers to all the backend development and design work needed in order to build the web platform where the service will exist. Engagement initiatives are meant to promote the district, create connections between us- ers (e.g. workshops and pilot group) and happen through the existence of the service. They widen the already existing service touchpoints to not only digital but also physical experiences. Moreover a greater engagement of stakeholders will least to the continuity and exploration of the service opportunities over time. Furthermore the project outlines a strategy for the coming four years, thus the chamber will still need to be flexible towards any changes that might occur. The graduation research on the basis of this project has unveiled challenges inherent to the management of service design approaches within the public sector.


Thinking of starting a business or raising money to expand an existing one? This popular book will show you how to write the business plan and loan package necessary to finance your business and make it work.With How to Write a Business Plan you'll learn how to: *evaluate the profitability of your business idea *estimate operating expenses *prepare cash flow *create profit and loss forecasts *determine assets, liabilities and net worth *find potential sources of financing (up-to-date sources provided) *think first before borrowing from friends and relatives *present your plan to lenders and investorsThe 6th edition is completely updated for 2003, providing all-new resources (both online and off), information on the latest changes to FMHA loans, plus the effect of new banking regulations on loans. --This text refers to the Paperback edition.


This paper presents a new approach to air pollution determined through the use of elemental analysis of the annual tree rings (ATRs) of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.). For this aim, every annual ring width was measured on the cross-section wheels of Turkish red pine supplied from ten research points around the Kemerkoy (Gokova) thermal power plant (KTPP). The fly ash collected from the surfaces of the needles and the annual growth ring of Turkish red pine in the polluted points were investigated by energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The elemental analysis of the annual rings were performed considering the fly ash elemental composition because the main pollutant source was the fly ash emitted from KTPP chimney smoke. With EDS analyses, some elements such as Al, Si, Mg, K, Fe, Ca, S, Zn, Ti, and Nb were determined in the fly ash. These elements accumulated in ATRs from the KTPP fly ash. They not only accumulated in annual rings formed after KTPP began operation but also accumulated in ATRs formed before KTPP started. It was confirmed that these elements accumulated in the annual rings affected by KTPP much more than the control ATRs. This paper proved that SEM-EDS, a new approach/analytical method to air pollution determination through ATRs, has been successfully applied to dendro-chemical elemental analysis of annual tree rings.


Budker INP has almost 25 years experience on designing and manufacturing of superconducting specialized magnetic systems for generation of synchrotron radiation such as high-field superconducting wigglers (SCW) and wavelength shifters (WLS). Three-pole WLSs with the magnetic field of 7.5 T was installed on LSU-CAMD and BESSY-II storage rings for shifting of radiation spectrum. WLS with the highest field of 10.3 T was fabricated and delivered to Spring-8 site and will be used for generation of hard γ-ray for slow positrons source of high brightness on SPring-8. Two multipole wigglers 17-pole 7 T wiggler for BESSY-II and 49-pole 3.5 T wiggler for ELETTRA now are under developing. The main characteristics, design features and synchrotron radiation properties of SCW and WLS created in Budker INP are presented in this article.


In the present study, the potential therapeutic effect of Curcumin combined with Chromium administration on adiponectin secretion and its biochemical effects on serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LMalondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPAR-) of adipose tissue in experimentally diabetic rats by streptozotocin (STZ) have been evaluated. Fourty male Albino rats were divided into four equal groups of 10 rats each. Group Ι (Control group): received no drugs. Group Π :( normal rats treated with curcumin and chromium): Group III : (Diabetic rats group): received a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) (50-mg/kg i.p) and was used for diabetes mellitus induction. Group IV:(Diabetic rats + Curcumin + Chromium treated group): treated with curcumin combined with chromium for 21 days after diabetes induction. Blood samples and adipose tissue were collected at the 22th day from the onset of curcumin and chromium administration. The obtained results showed that, STZ-induced diabetes causing a significant increase in serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, L-MDA, and IL-6 and a significant decrease in adiponectin secretion, GSH level and PPAR-γ expression. Curcumin combined with chromium was able to mitigate diabetes induced by STZ through decreasing serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, L-MDA, and IL-6 and increasing adiponectin secretion, GSH level and PPAR-γ expression. These results suggest that, curcumin and chromium combination may be effective in increasing insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats by increasing adiponectin secretion and exhibiting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects.


Information search, quite often, is not an isolated activity, but is accompanied by the use of the located information to generate some outcome. Frequently seen are "complex" tasks that consist of multiple aspects and can be divided into sub-tasks and/or finished in multiple sessions. This paper explores how search systems may help users with their multi-aspect tasks by examining whether, and how user knowledge and task structure play roles in leading to better work task performance. A 3-session lab experiment was conducted with 24 participants, each coming 3 times to work on 3 subtasks of a general task, couched either as the "parallel" or the "dependent" structure type. The overall task was to write a report on the general topic, with interim documents produced for each subtask. Results show that users' previous knowledge of task topics positively correlated with task performance, but the evolving and the exit knowledge did not. Neither task session nor task structure significantly affected session task performance. However, there was a tendency that those users with different levels of task knowledge performed differently in different tasks: higher knowledge users tended to perform better in the parallel task than in the dependent; lower knowledge users tended to perform better in the dependent task than in the parallel. These results can possibly be explained by users' searching and writing behaviors. Our findings help understand factors influencing information use task performance, and have implications on designing personalized systems that support information use task accomplishment.


Mortar particularly designed for mass produced concrete blocks may facilitate raw material quality control, mechanized production, products test and quality securing. Test result shows that every gradation of all kinds of mortar samples met standard requirements. For example, 7 day strength of Mb15 mortar is 14.8 MPa, while 28 day strength is 20.3 MPa. After 25 times freezing-melting experiment it is found that mass and strength loss rate are respectively 1.0% and 7.1%. In addition, on-site waste is reduced, yet avoidance of environment pollution.


This work presents an off-line Built-In Self-Test for timing systems based on synchronous BCD counters. We adopt for this case study a functional approach, exploiting the functional characteristics of the modules in the system for test pattern generation. Different alternatives for test sequences, simulation and experimental results are shown. Fault coverage of 95% and 100% are obtained under different test sequences. The test time scales up linearly with the number of cascaded counters, and the hardware overhead becomes less significant as the number of counters increases.


One new 3D porous metal-organic framework {[Zn(ox)0.5(trz)]·0.25H2O}n (1) [trz = 1,2,4-triazole, ox = oxalate] has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis. The most remarkable structural feature of 1 is that the assembly of the Zn–trz 2D layers and the ox molecule pillars result in the formation of 3D pillared-layer dmc framework showing porous and helical character. In addition, thermal stability and the luminescent property of the complex have been investigated.


The life test of a parking brake lever is designed through the user environment. The lever operation cycles are observed from a taxi by a counter and the lever operation force is measured from common users by a parking brake lever force transducer. A probability model is made by statistical analysis such as the goodness of fit tests and weibull distribution. From the results, the severe user levels are determined. The conditions of life test are obtained by the reliability method from the design target based on the user levels.


In 2015, SUNY Purchase College art librarian Kim Detterbeck reimagined a long-standing part-time Visual Resources position into a full-time Digital Collections Curator position. After hiring Mēgan Oliver for this two-year term that started in January of 2016, they collaborated on several joint projects including the rebranding of the Visual Resources Center (VRC) into the Digital Collections Center (DCC), collections management, outreach and new services, developing instruction, and the creation of an institutional repository with learning management and systems staff. This instance of intentional and strategic scope drift demonstrates how expanding upon the traditional departmental mission of visual resources can benefit an institution looking to develop greater user engagement, better collections and services, and stronger professional ties among faculty, staff, and students.


Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a photo voltaic system with different temperature and insolation conditions used for Micro grids can be explained in this paper. The micro grid conception permits small distributed energy resources (DERs) to act during a coordinated manner to produce a necessary quantity of active power and supportive service once needed. This paper proposes an approach of coordinated and integrated management of solar PV generators with the most power point following (MPPT) management and battery storage management to produce voltage and frequency (V-f) support to an islanded small grid. Also, active and nonnative/reactive power (P-Q) management with star PV, MPPT and battery storage is projected for the grid connected mode. The management ways show effective coordination between electrical converter V-f (or P-Q) management, MPPT management, and energy storage charging and discharging management. The penetration of PV systems as distributed generators in low-voltage grids has also seen significant attention. In addition, the need for higher overall grid efficiency and reliability has boosted the interest in the concept. High-efficiency PV-based micro-grids require maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers to maximize the harvested energy due to the nonlinearity in PV module characteristics The paper additionally shows a good coordination among taking part small resources whereas considering the case of fixing irradiance and battery state of charge (SOC) constraint. The simulation studies area unit dispensed with the IEEE 13-bus feeder check system in grid connected and islanded small grid modes. The results clearly verify the effectiveness of projected management strategies. The MPPT of a Photovoltaic System for Micro Grid operation is successfully designed and simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink Software in this paper.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the application of the PBL (Problem bassed Learning) on the ability of reasoning. The method used in this study was Quasi Experimental Design. The population in this study is all students of class X in one of the SMAN have accreditation A in Kuningan District Year 2016/2017 School of 195 students. Sampling was conducted using cluster random sampling technique, divided into two groups, namely grade class model of PBL (Problem bassed Learning) class of 39 students and discussion method 39 students. The instrument used in this research is the test description of students' deployment ability, student questionnaire and observation sheet. Hypothesis testing using parametric statistical tests in this case to test the hypothesis that the effect of the application of the model-assisted PBL multirepresentasi against reasoning abilities using the t test obtained that t> t table is 3.63> 2.67, which means there is a good influence on the implementation of the model PBL (Problem bassed Learning) who assisted multirepresentasi against reasoning ability of students to the concept of environmental pollution. Therefore it can be concluded that the students reasoning ability is increased when used models multirepresentasi PBL assisted in the learning process. Keywords: Model PBL (Problem Based Learning), Reasoning Ability, Mul tirepresentas


The invention discloses a method for producing sophorolipid through fermentation of a lignocellulose material. The method comprises the steps of: carrying out shaking table oscillation fermentation on hydrolysate of delignified xylose residue, xylose residue, corn straw, corn cob powder, grass meal and other biomass resources and single cell oil generated by the hydrolysate in the presence of Wickerhamiella domercqiae variant at 30+/-2 DEG C and 150-300 rpm to obtain fermentation liquid containing sophorolipid, and carrying out rough extraction on the fermentation liquid to obtain sophorolipid. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the lignocellulose saccharification liquid is used to replace the sugar required for producing the single cell oil and sophorolipid, and the single cell oil is used to replace a hydrophobic substrate required for producing sophorolipid, thus obtained sophorolipid is easy to separate and high in yield; the method has the characteristics of richand inexpensive raw materials, simple and convenient process and low cost; a great deal of biomass resources are utilized, and agricultural wastes are treated; and the method has important practical significance and important economic value in improving energy insufficiency condition in China, guaranteeing sustainable energy supply in China and alleviating energy crisis.


A near-infrared mapping spectometer is included in the science complement of the Galileo Mission, which will explore Jupiter and its satellites in the mid-1980s. The objectives of the infrared mapping spectrometer experiment are to map compositional units on the surfaces of the Jovian satellites and to characterize the mineral content of these units. For Jupiter's atmosphere, this experiment will investigate such areas as cloud properties and the spatial and temporal variability of minor species. The instrument consists of a telescope, a plane grating spectrometer, a Si and InSb detector array, and a passive radiative cooler. The spectral range is 0.7 - 5.2 μ, covered with a resolution of 0.025 μ. A wobbling secondary mirror in the telescope provides one dimension of spatial scanning, while the other dimension is provided by motion of the spacecraft scan platform.


Since the Fourth Plenary Session of thte 13th Central Committee of the CPC,in success-fully practising Deng Xiaoping theory the third generation of CPC collective leadership has estab-lished its position.With expoundin g its scientific system and studying the new situations of building socialism with Chinese characteris tics,the leading collective of the c entral authority has deepened the basic viewpoints and theme of Den g Xiaoping theory,especially developing Deng Xiaoping theory in the fields of economy,politics,culture and building of the Party.


Coursebooks as one of the major issues of language teaching / learning instruction can relieve the overburden as well as under-prepared teacher of a great deal of stress, time and additional work. Currently, both commercial and teacher-made English language teaching (ELT) coursebooks are available for use and seem flexible at hands. In any respect, however, usefulness of the coursebooks needs to be evaluated as claimed. To this end, the study, proposed as a new approach to lexical evaluation, examines the words occurring in three teacher-made ELT coursebooks used for compulsory foundation English courses in a Thai university as lexical syllabi are required to prepare university students for academic study at tertiary level. The RANGE program was employed to analyze the wordlists of the three teacher-made ELT coursebooks and it was found that those ELT coursebooks provided insufficient vocabulary size of general service words and academic words which were crucial to academic study regardless of syntactic structures. In addition, the three ELT coursebooks were frustrated for learners to survive unassisted reading in and outside the class. Application and suggestions are given for concerns and pedagogical practices.


The utility model is suitable for a LED fluorescent lamp technical field provides a mixing of colors temperature of adjusting luminance LED fluorescent lamp circuit, including radio signal recepition circuit, pulse width modulation PWM generating circuit, dimmer circuit, mixing of colors temperature circuit, a LED light source and the 2nd LED light source. The utility model discloses LED fluorescent lamp adjustting of the lighteness not only can be realized to the circuit, can also realize LED fluorescent lamp colour temperature and adjust to but luminance and colour temperature alternation have richened the function of LED fluorescent lamp, more can satisfy customer demands.


Personality and Social Interaction by Robert H. Dalton. Boston, Mass.: D. C. Heath and Co., 1961. Pp. vii + 381. The theme of this book is personality as a social product. Personality theory is applied to three family case studies. Principles used in the analysis come from psychoanalysis and other dynamic psychologies, field theory and learning theory. In the preface the author states the problem, &dquo;The central problem in the study of personality is the specific kinds of interactions between individuals which bring about the modifications in potential for action. In the last half century there have been many theories concerning the critical person-to-person experiences in the development of personality. A great deal of research has been conducted to establish the validity of these claims. As yet, we cannot speak with the confidence we would like about any of them. It may well be that no particular experience is crucial in the formation of personality traits; it seems more likely that for each age and for each person there are a complex of interactional forces which determine the direction of development. The