Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder with an incidence rate of 1 in 3,500 individuals at birth. The involvement of nasal, sinus or maxillofacial cavities creates airway challenges for anesthesiologists. During the perioperative period, anesthesiologists must be aware of the multisystemic complications of the disorder. Here we report a neglected case of giant NF with deformity of the anterior chest wall (pectus carinatum) and thoracic spine scheduled for tumor resection located at the posterior aspect of the thoracolumbar region. In this case, both anesthesiologists and surgeons faced unique challenges during the perioperative period.


So that the limited funds available for bridge upgrading can be spent in the most effective manner, the reliability index assumed for evaluation of existing bridges requires a closer definition than that assumed for the design of new bridges. A reliability index which varies between 2.0 and 3.75 is determined for bridge evaluation in Clause 12 of CAN/CSA-S6-88 on the basis for life-safety considerations and calibration to experience. The reliability index is chosen by the evaluator as a function of structural behaviour, level of inspection and evaluation, and traffic situation for which the evaluation is made, all of which affect life safety. Economic considerations are also taken into account; the highway authority may, however, wish to increase the values of the reliability index for critical bridges whose failure seriously affects the traffic network. Key words: bridge evaluation, reliability index, life safety, economics.


Discrete high energy γ-rays in ~ 5-10MeV region were produced utilizing a ~ 105/s Am-Be neutron source through the radiation capture process. The device can be conveniently used for energy calibration and relative efficiency determination for γ-detectors.


Simple Summary Quantity discrimination involves distinguishing which of two quantities is greater. This discrimination between larger and smaller quantities has only been demonstrated in rats post extensive training. We tested whether domestic rats could perform quantity discrimination without explicit training. We found that rats could distinguish the greater amount in comparisons of 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3, 3 vs. 5, 3 vs. 8, 4 vs. 6, and 4 vs. 8. Rats could not distinguish between 3 vs. 4, 4 vs. 5 and 5 vs. 6. We also found that as the ratio between quantities became finer the choice of the larger quantity decreased. We conclude that rats can perform quantity discrimination without extensive training and that their quantity discrimination ability is influenced by the ratio between quantities. Abstract Quantity discrimination is a basic form of numerical competence where an animal distinguishes which of two amounts is greater in size. Whilst quantity discrimination in rats has been investigated via training paradigms, rats' natural quantity discrimination abilities without explicit training for a desired response have not been explored. This study investigated domestic rats' ability to perform quantity discrimination. Domestic rats (n = 12) were examined for their ability to distinguish the larger amount under nine quantity comparisons. One-sample t-tests identified a significant preference for the larger quantity in comparisons of 1 vs. 2, 2 vs. 3, 3 vs. 5, 3 vs. 8, 4 vs. 6, and 4 vs. 8. No preference between quantities was found for comparisons of 3 vs. 4, 4 vs. 5 and 5 vs. 6. Overall, this study drew two key conclusions. Firstly, that domestic rats are capable of performing quantity discrimination without extensive training. Secondly, as subjects adhered to Weber's law, it was concluded that the approximate number system underpins domestic rats' ability to perform spontaneous quantity discrimination.


In teaching Advanced Japanese,through grouping,task determination and assigning,group reading up,group discussion and group report,the application of Jigsaw approach could train students of their cooperative spirit and improve students' subjective initiative as well as their comprehensive application ability of Japanese.


Objective:To study the influence of high volume hemofiltration(HVHF) on major organ function and plasma cytokine levels in MODS pigs. Methods: Nineteen pigs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock plus resuscitation and endotoxemia to set up MODS model,then pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups: HVHF group (n=10) and MODS group without HVHF (n=9).High volume and zero balance hemofiltration was performed 1 h after endotoxin injection was finished in HVHF group. Blood samples were taken for evaluation of serum ALT, AST, Cr, urea and blood gas. TNF-α and IL-10 plasma concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results:Plasma concentrations of TNF-α fell significantly from (419.4± 77.5) pg/ml to (168.1±55.4) pg/ml after treatment, much lower than that of MODS group(P0.05), but we did not find TNF-α in the ultrafiltrate. The start of HVHF was associated with a significant and sustained fall of IL-10,which came to the lowest level in the 6th hour after new filter was used, thereafter remained stable during the observation period. We found IL-10 in the ultrafiltrate, which dropped with time passing. The ratio of IL-10 to TNF-α remained stabe during the observation period from the beginning in HVHF group, while it fell significantly in MODS group. In group HVHF,the functions of major organs remained normal; the morbidity and mortality of MODS were much lower than those of MODS group.Conclusion:Earlier HVHF can reduce the plasma TNF-α concentration and increase IL-10/TNF-α ratio in MODS pigs. HVHF can partly correct the imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, approve the functions of major organs, and reduce the morbidity and mortality of pigs.


The study aimed to identify the reality of foresight competence styles upon academic leaders at king Abdulaziz University. and to reveal if there are statistically significant differences between academic leaders due to the different variables (gender, years of experience). The researcher used the descriptive approach, in its survey style, and the researcher used the Foresight Styles Assessment (FSA) scale designed by (Dian, 2009) and developed by (Gary, 2009) and distributed to a sample of (50) individuals from the study population, whose number is (350), and the study concluded that the efficiency of foresight among academic leaders at King Abdulaziz University in general came with an average of (3.84 out of 5), that is, with a (high) efficiency. As for their prevailing foresight patterns, the (adaptive) pattern came in the first order; With an average of (4.01), then the insightful with an average of (3.93) and thirdly the experimenter with an average of (3.80), all of them with a degree of efficiency (high) and finally the pattern of waiting with an average of (3.36) and an estimate of efficiency (medium), and the results concluded that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05). ) between the averages of the academic leaders' responses about the patterns of their foresight efficiency, in their four types, according to the variables of gender or years of experience. In light of the previous results, the researcher recommended the establishment of a center at King Abdulaziz University to be concerned with forward-looking studies; To develop the capabilities of the foresight leaders, and invest them in carrying out prospective studies in all fields, and to disseminate and enhance the skills and tools of scientific foresight in the academic community at King Abdulaziz University and all universities in the Kingdom.


This study examines the differential effects of outcome feedback for achievement goal orientations' relationship with effort and achievement. In support of our predictions, learning goal orientation had a positive relationship with task achievement in the absence of outcome feedback and a negative relationship in its presence, while performance goal orientation maintained a positive relationship with achievement regardless of whether outcome feedback was provided. We attribute this to a decrease in task interest when initial task purpose, as determined by personal goal orientation, is incongruent with the subsequent task cues provided by outcome feedback. Predictions regarding task effort and combined goal orientation effects were not supported. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.


Nel Noddings has presented a distinctive view of education that is relational in outlook. Although all of her writing holds implications for social education broadly construed, a subset of it addresses the school subject of social studies directly. This article mainly concerns what Noddings has said and implied about chief constructs of the latter. In particular, I look at (a) critical thinking, (b) what should be taught, and (c) what the foregoing suggest for teacher education. I conclude that her work holds great potential to reconstruct social studies theory and practice.


This paper proposes a novel topology for integrating the receiver coil of a wireless power transfer system with the electric vehicle's onboard bidirectional conductive charger. The system is designed to operate at two frequency bands to satisfy the power density requirement of a bidirectional onboard charger while keeping compliant with the working frequency and interoperability requirements proposed by the SAE J2954 for a wireless power transfer system. Through component sharing between the two sub-systems, a reduction in the overall size and cost of the onboard electronics is achieved. Simulation results are provided to validate the fundamental operation of the proposed circuit. Finally, a prototype is built to validate the assumptions.


Abundant spores and pollen grains including 60 genera and 83 species were collected from the Yan'an Formation in Binxian County, Shaanxi Province. In this assemblage gymnospermous pollen grains amounted to 51.2%, among which Cycadopites made up 27.2% and Quadraeculina 7.2%, also including a certain amount of other genera such as Monosulcites, Eucommiidites, Cerebropollenites, Chasmatosporites, Pinuspollenites, Piceaepoltenites, Piceites Podocarpidites, Psophosphaera, Araucaracites, Classopollis, Callialasporites, etc. Pteridophyte spores amounted to 48.8%, among which Cyathidites made up 21.4%; Deltoidospora 9.1% and Duplexisporites 3.1% . Osmundacidites,Granulatisporites, Lycopodiumsporites,Neoraistrickia,Densoisporites, Microreticulatisporites, Undulatisporites, Cibotiumsporites, Gleicheniidites, Concavissimisporites, Cyclogranisporites, etc, each constituted less than 3%. Based on stratigraphical ranges of certain important known species and comparison with those from other regions in China and Western Canada, the sporopollen assemblage of the Yan'an Formation under study may be assigned to Middle Jurassic in age. Its palaeovegetation and palaeoclimatic conditions are also discussed.


The presence of two women amongst the seventeen international revivalists who visited Australia in the period 1863 and 1912 has been seen as unremarkable by religious historians, or read as evidence that the Christian churches were outside, or perhaps even in advance of, the nineteenth-century struggle for women's rights. However, only representations of their performance remain, representations which, this article argues, attempted to normalize both their presence and their message. A more critical reading of contemporary reports would suggest that the way in which female evangelists were reported should be seen as intrinsic to the attempt by church leaders to contain and control women's expanding role. The success of their endeavours rendered female evangelists largely invisible but the lengths to which they went to discount the challenge the female evangelists mounted to conventional constructions of gender, provide evidence of its power.


The United States of America is one of the major developed countries in the world.To make the children today-the citizen of the new century-be acclimatized to the development of science and technology and the development of social life in the nwe century,Project 2061 has been implemented to improve the basic education (K-12) in the United States of America.


3C 273 is a well-studied FSRQ. In order to analyze its spectrum variabilities, we make spectroscopic observations of 3C 273 using the 2.16 m telescope at Xinglong Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatories. Based on these observations and some other spectra from the literature, we study the spectrum variabilities and the physical origin of the optical spectrum. The main results are as follows: (1) The continuum spectrum (S c ) shows obvious variabilities and displays quasi-periodic properties, P = 3.39 ± 1.13 yr, consistent with the result calculated from photometric observations. (2) The spectral energy distribution (SED) was modeled by a combination of blackbody emission that originated from the accretion disk and the dusty torus, synchrotron emission from the jet, the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission, and the external Compton (EC) emission from the broad-line region, accretion disk, and dusty torus. The SED suggests that the optical continuum is dominated by the thermal emission from the accretion disk. (3) A time delay of τcHβ=209.42±9.38 days lies between the slope of the continuum spectrum (S c ) and H β emission line. (4) The relationships between the spectrum and polarization can be explained by the jet model.


The concentrations of BHCs and DDTs in soils were detected by GC-ECD. The samples were extracted by ultrasonic bath with mixture of hexane and acetone, the extracts were cleaned by a Florisil column. The eluates were then analysed with gas-chromatographic equipment. A HP ultra-1 capillary column was used to separate the isomers of BHCs and the metabolites of DDTs. The ECD was used to detect the residues of BHCs and DDTs. The minimum detection ranged from 1.5×10 -13g to 1.6×10 -12g. Recovery from the soils ranged between 92.6%—99.2%, RSD were between 2.2%—6.0%.


Nucleoside transporters play key roles in the physiology of nucleosides and nucleobases in mammals and also contribute to the pharmacological actions produced by their analogs. Several mammalian nucleoside transporters have been identified at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of the major nucleoside transporter isoforms in the mouse testis and ovary. Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) and ENT2 were expressed in the mouse testis and ovary, which was consistent with the general consideration that these transporters are ubiquitous in mouse tissues. The expression of Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 2 (CNT2) and CNT3, but not CNT1 was detected in the mouse testis. These three CNT isoforms were also expressed in the ovary. Therefore, we concluded that the mouse testis and ovary simultaneously exhibit multiple transport processes for nucleosides and bases and also that these transporters are responsible for the homeostatic control of biological levels of nucleosides and bases in these tissues.


: The weight of a train is a critical factor in determining how much a train operator has to pay to use the railway network within the UK and many other countries. In this study, the different machine learning algorithms are explored to be used to predict a trains weight based on the vibration signals recorded in the sleeper of a rail track. The vibration signals are split into two groups, time domain and frequency domain signals. Then, different algorithms are developed for each group to see which domain the best representation of a vibration signal is to use within models to find out target values. From the study, machine learning has the potential to predict trains' weight effectively. This insight can lead to the use of mobile sensors in practice, such as the application of wireless accelerometers connected with a smartphone that will help engineers audit and assure the train access integrity.


The invention provides a construction method for reducing on-site cement cold regenerated mixture base cracks. The construction method comprises the following steps: I, preparing an expanding agent adopted for base construction of an on-site cement cold regenerated mixture, wherein the expanding agent comprises calcium sulfoaluminate, pulverized fuel ash and silica fume; II, blending the expanding agent in the step I with the on-site cement cold regenerated mixture in a certain proportion; and III, performing the base construction of the on-site cement cold regenerated mixture, and maintaining the road added with the expanding agent after the construction is completed. The overhigh expansion rate caused by excessive expanding agent is decreased, and further the problem that the expansion damaging phenomenon and the crack problem in the on-site cement cold regenerated mixture base layer due to dry contraction and temperature contraction can be avoided, and the performance of cement is improved to a certain extent.


not prevented, the acquisition of systematic, socially applicable knowledge. The view of conflict as completely and always &dquo;bad&dquo; and the attribution of war to &dquo;herd instincts&dquo; are cases in point. Given the pervasiveness of conflict phenomena and the diversity of approaches to inquiry, it is legitimate to ask whether the apparent intellectual disorder reflects an inherently incoherent focus of social analysis-a focus artificially created by


For the first time, a rapid and specific LC-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of polygalaxanthone III, tenuifolin, tenuifoliside A and tenuifoliside C in rat plasma, and was applied to the pharmacokinetics (PK) studies of those three compounds. The analysis was carried out on an Agilent Eclipse plus C18 reversed-phase column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) by gradient elution with methanol and ammonia (0.01%, v/v). The flow rate was 0.4 mL min−1. All analytes including internal standards (I.S.) were monitored by selected reaction monitoring with an electrospray ionization source. Linear responses were obtained for polygalaxanthone III and tenuifoliside A ranging from 1 to 2000 ng mL−1, and tenuifolin and tenuifoliside C ranging from 2.5 to 2000 ng mL−1. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were less than 12.98% and 7.50% respectively. The extraction recovery ranged from 70.06 ± 6.33% to 86.95 ± 5.35%, and I.S. was 77.23 ± 3.68%. Stability studies showed that the accuracies of polygalaxanthone III, tenuifolin, tenuifoliside A and tenuifoliside C ranged from 93.18% to 106.70%. The matrix effects ranged from 91.72 ± 4.80 to 101.84 ± 5.04. The validated method was successfully used to determine the concentration–time profiles of polygalaxanthone III, tenuifolin, tenuifoliside A and tenuifoliside C.


Emmanuel Jal, a selfdescribed modernday nomad, was born circa 1980 in wartorn Sudan. After witnessing horrific violence and being forced to serve as a child soldier for approximately five years, he was rescued by an aid worker and smuggled into Kenya, after which he enrolled in school, discovered hip hop music, and later became a Canadian resident. Today, Jal is an internationally renowned peace activist, singer, and actor. In this essay, we explore Jal's songs and the ways they promote peacebuilding through music. Through interviews conducted in Vancouver on July 15, 2012, and in Nairobi on April 14, 2014, we unpack the stories and meaning behind three of his favorite peace songs: "Forced to Sin," "Emma," and "We Want Peace."1 They reveal the redeeming power of music to heal a man who underwent horrific violence as a child, and to advocate for peace and forgiveness in South Sudan and the world.


Abstract Meausrements from bottom pressure gauges located at the north and south sides of Drake Passage are used to extend the one-year time series of volume transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) given previously by Whitworth. A small error in that paper is corrected, and a revised transport time series is presented which shows the importance of including the transport in the northern and southern margins of Drake Passage. Direct measurements of vertical shear averaged across the passage, are in good agreement with geostrophic shear and suggest that the ACC is in geostrophic balance. Although most of the ACC transport is in the baroclinic field, transport fluctuations are mainly barotropic. Transport estimates based on pressure difference alone differ from the estimates of Whitworth by less than 10 × 106 m3 s−1. Fluctuations in transport of almost half of the mean value occur over periods as short as two weeks.


ABSTRACT Chromatographic separation of hydrogen isotopes, protium and deuterium, was carried out experimentally using a four-column Pd bed system. The system was operated under the conditions of atmospheric hydrogen pressure and swing of column temperature of 303 K to 473 K. Maximum deuterium enrichment ratio defined as the ratio of the deuterium concentration in product to that in feed was around 100 independent of the deuterium concentration. The deuterium recovery ratio was more than 0.5. Effluent curves were analyzed by the numerical simulation by the plate model. Close agreement was obtained between experiment and analysis. High enrichment of deuterium was also successfully achieved by frontal chromatography using a comparatively large column.


Objectives Adenomyosis is a common and refractory disease in gynecology. Preserving the uterus during treatment for adenomyosis remains a problem. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is widely used in treatment of solid tumors. This study aimed to analyze patients with adenomyosis who were treated by HIFU and to preliminarily examine the characteristics of patients who are more suitable for HIFU to treat adenomyosis with reliable efficacy. Methods Over 2 years, 67 women who were diagnosed with adenomyosis and treated with HIFU at our gynecology department were included in this study. We investigated outcomes of their symptoms (dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea) and the volume of their uterine lesions. We also compared the patients' clinical profiles. Results The women had a mean follow-up duration of 11.6 ± 0.46 months. In the numerical rating scale, used to assess the degree of dysmenorrhea, the score was significantly lower (mean difference: −1.94, 95% confidence interval: −2.704 to −1.176) 3 months after HIFU treatment compared with before treatment, then it remained stable for 3 to 12 months. Hypermenorrhea was reduced to a certain degree, with a mean difference of −0.54 (−1.01–0.02). Conclusions HIFU is a new noninvasive treatment method for adenomyosis that may help relieve dysmenorrhea.


In the paper we study the qualitative dynamics of piecewise-smooth slow-fast systems (singularly perturbed systems). First we consider in detail a planar system when the slow and the fast dynamics are one-dimensional. The slow manifold of the reduced system is a piecewise continuous curve – differentiability is lost across the switching surface. We show that in the full system the slow manifold is no longer continuous across the switching surface. There is an O(ε) discontinuity across the switching manifold. However, this discontinuity cannot qualitatively affect system dynamics. We show that system trajectories move across the switching surface and evolve exponentially fast toward the slow manifold that lies on the other side of the switching surface; small scale oscillations between the two parts of the slow manifold are not possible. We then classify the system dynamics in the case when there is an equilibrium on the switching surface. The results of our analysis are then used to investigate the dynamics of a simple box model of a climate change. The presence of a non-smooth equivalent of a fold bifurcation in the model is shown. Finally, the results on the topology of the slow manifolds across the switching surface are generalized to n + 1-dimensional slow-fast systems (the slow dynamics being n-dimensional).


The study analyzed the consumption trend of fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and total/composite fertilizers) and examined its relationships with selected crop outputs from 1962 to 2019 in Nigeria. Time-series data were used and were sourced from the World Bank and Food and Agriculture Organization. The descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and Cobb Douglas production function were applied to analyze the data collected. The results revealed that fertilizer consumption over time exhibited a high level of volatility in Nigeria. The average consumption rate of 7.17 kg/ha for composite fertilizer was far below the minimum rate of 50kg/ha declared in Abuja in 2006 by African countries. Furthermore, the study established significant correlations between fertilizers and selected harvested land yields and crop outputs in the country. This implies that fertilizers can significantly regulate the outputs of crop enterprises in the country. The empirical results revealed that fertilizers were irrationally utilized in the majority of selected crop enterprises as their elasticities were either negative or greater than unity. Moreover, the decreasing return to scale was confirmed for each crop enterprise denoting decreasing contribution of fertilizer inputs to crop outputs growth in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the Nigeria government should work towards achieving the Abuja declaration on fertilizer use.


The benefit analysis of Corporate Diversification gives birth to a new research field of Internal Capital Market(ICM),but as to the efficiency of diversification,most empirical studies show that investments of diversification are low efficient or non-efficient,which provides a direct basis for the reconstruction of the ICM theory.This paper also analyzes the literature of the empirical studies on ICM and establishes a budget model based on ICM.Finally the paper discusses the control structure of ICM,Cash control rights and manager behavior effect.


Biased effect estimates induced by unconsidered confounding variables are a known problem in observational studies. Selection bias, resulting from non-random sampling of study participants, is widely recognised as a problem in case-control and cross-sectional studies. In contrast, possible bias in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is mostly ignored. This paper illustrates, by applying directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), possible bias in the effect estimates of first-line therapy, caused by subsequent changes in therapy (time-dependent confounding). Possible selection bias, induced by not only random loss to follow-up, will be explained as well using DAGs. Underlying assumptions of standard methods usually used to analyse RCTs (like intention-to-treat, per-protocol) are shown and it is explained why effect estimates may be biased in RCTs, if only these conventional methods are used. Adequate statistical methods (causal inference models as marginal structural models and structural nested models) exist. Higher documentary efforts, however, are necessary, because any changes in medication, loss to follow-up as well as reasons for such changes need to be documented in detail as required by these advanced statistical methods. Nevertheless, causal inference models should become standard along side the currently applied standard methods, especially in studies with high non-compliance due to changes in therapy and substantial loss to follow-up. Possible bias cannot be excluded if similar results are obtained from both methods. However, study results should be interpreted with caution if they differ between both approaches.


Al-5Ti-1B alloy was deformed by equal channel angular pressing(ECAP) with the number of pressing passes being 8 at room temperature.The X-ray diffraction,optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used to investigate the change of the second phases in Al-5Ti-1B alloy before and after ECAP deformation.The results indicate that the grain size of the second phase in Al-5Ti-1B alloy are obviously refined and more homogeneous.With the increase of pressing passes,the grain sizes of TiAl3 phase are refined from 20-80 μm to about 5 μm,and the grains of TiB2 phase are more homogeneous.The shearing action of hard second phase particles in matrix is one of the reasons of the grain refinement.


Effective pharmacological neuroprotection is one of the most desired aims in modern medicine. We postulated that a combination of two clinically used drugs—nimodipine (L-Type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker) and amiloride (acid-sensing ion channel inhibitor)—might act synergistically in an experimental model of ischaemia, targeting the intracellular rise in calcium as a pathway in neuronal cell death. We used organotypic hippocampal slices of mice pups and a well-established regimen of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) to assess a possible neuroprotective effect. Neither nimodipine (at 10 or 20 µM) alone or in combination with amiloride (at 100 µM) showed any amelioration. Dissolved at 2.0 Vol.% dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), the combination of both components even increased cell damage (p = 0.0001), an effect not observed with amiloride alone. We conclude that neither amiloride nor nimodipine do offer neuroprotection in an in vitro ischaemia model. On a technical note, the use of DMSO should be carefully evaluated in neuroprotective experiments, since it possibly alters cell damage.


In the title Zn complex, the ZnII cation is five-coordinated in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions for the crystal packing are from H⋯H (58.4%), H⋯C/C⋯H (20.3%) and H⋯O/O⋯H (18.3%) interactions.


Success of information flow depends on intelligent datastorage and its management in a multi-disciplinaryenvironment. Multi-dimensional data entities, data typesand ambiguous semantics, often pose uncertainty andinconsistency in data retrieval from volumes of petroleumdata sources. In our approach, conceptual schemas andsub-schemas have been described based on variousoperational functions of the petroleum industry. Theseschemas are integrated, to ensure their consistency andvalidity, so that the information retrieved from anintegrated metadata (in the form of a data warehouse)structure derives its authenticity from its implementation.The data integration process validating the petroleummetadata has been demonstrated for one of the Gulfoffshore basins for an effective knowledge mapping andinterpreting it successfully for the derivation of usefulgeological knowledge. Warehoused data are used formining data patterns, trends and correlations amongknowledge-base data attributes that led to interpretation ofinteresting geological features. These technologies appearto be more amenable for exploration of more petroleumresources in the mature gulf basins.


Embodiments and corresponding disclosure according to one or more embodiments, in connection with providing share scheduling request (SR) to the device in order to transmit the SR resources, various aspects are described. At a given time duration, it can be associated with the shared identifier SR resources along with an indication of the shared resource is sent to the SR apparatus signaled. Thus, the device may be transmitted on the shared SR SR resources associated with the one or more received identifiers, in order to obtain an uplink grant. Since the device before sending SR without waiting for dedicated SR resources, which may reduce the uplink reception delays associated authorization. Further, the transmission resources dedicated SR signal means and / or an uplink grant can be reduced compared overhead on the control channel. In addition, SR resources associated with the identifier may correspond to a set of devices, so that the device may transmit on a shared SR resources associated with the group comprising the device.


The utility model discloses a multifunctional slow cooker, which comprises a cooker shell. A cooker aluminum liner is arranged in the cooker shell; an aluminous cooker liner sits in the cooker aluminum liner; the aluminous cooker liner is equipped with a tempered glass cover; a heating coil is arranged on the bottom wall in the cooker aluminum liner; the bottom face of the aluminous cooker liner and the top face of the heating plate are tightly fitted; the center of the heating plate is provided with a magnetic switch elastically pushed and contacted with the bottom face of the aluminous cooker liner; the bottom face of the heating plate is provided with an electric heating tube; the electric heating tube is connected with a power supply temperature controlled switch assembly matched and linked with the magnetic switch; the power supply temperature controlled switch assembly is connected with a PCB (printed circuit board) computer control panel; the PCB computer control panel is provided with a display module and a functional key group; a food steamer rack for cooking is arranged in the aluminous cooker liner; the cooker shell is provided with a hanging and bucking device for fixedly hanging and buckling the tempered glass cover. The multifunctional slow cooker is intelligently controlled, convenient to operate and good in airtightness, suitable for baking, stewing, slowly cooking and cooking food, and can meet the diversified cooking requirements of people.


EFFECT OF CULTURAL FACTORS, SOCIAL, PERSONAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TO PIZZA PURCHASE DECISION PROCESS (STUDY AT PIZZA HUT JENDERAL SUDIRMAN NO. 53 YOGYAKARTA)
Dian Puspita Rini Faculty of Economics, State University of Yogyakarta firstname.lastname@example.com
Arum Darmawati Faculty of Economics, State University of Yogyakarta email@example.com
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine : the influence of cultural factor, social, personal, and psychological to pizza purchase decision process partially and simultaneously. This study is a descriptive quantitative research. The population in this study was all visitors or customers of Pizza Hut Jenderal Sudirman No. 53 Yogyakarta. The research sample was determined by purposive sampling technique. Data obtained in september to october 2012 by questionnaire. Validity of the instrument was calculated by the Product Moment Correlation and the reliability was calculated by Cronbach Alpha coefficients. It uses multiple regression to analyze the data. The results showed that : (1) cultural factor has positive influence on pizza purchase decision process, showed by the regression coefficient of 0,218, 2,589 t value, and significance value of 0,011. (2) social factor has positive influence on pizza purchase decision process, as showed by the regression coefficient of 0,307, 4,076 t value, and significance value of 0,000. (3) personal factor has positive influence on pizza purchase decision process, showed by the regression coefficient of 0,227, 5,352 t value, and significance value of 0,000. (4) psychological factor has positive influence on pizza purchase decision process, showed by the regression coefficient of 0,266, 3,630 t value, and significance value of 0,000. (5) cultural factor, social factor, personal factor, and psychological factor has positive influence on pizza purchase decision process showed by the value of F count 72,008 a significance value of 0,000 and the influence of cultural factor, social, personal, and psychological to pizza purchase decision process is 74,2%.
Keyword: cultural factor, social, personal, psychological, purchase decision process.


Abstract : Craters in copper and lead, produced by hypervelocity impact, have been measured and the dimensions correlated with impact velocity. The results indicate that craters scale with about the 1.7 power of velocity, in agreement with computer physics results based upon hydrodynamic calculations.


This is about developing an android app for
replicating the mechanism of hearing aid machine. Majority of
the Hearing Impaired people cannot afford hearing aids due to
higher cost of the Instruments. Similarly Audiometry Test for
assessing the Deafness levels are also costly. Affordable
Smartphone are available with majority of the Hearing
Impaired people in Indian. So, we propose a Mobile Application
which consists of the following three Features. This APP
enables Ear phones of Phone to function as Hearing Aid for
people with hearing disability. This APP converts speech to Text
so that Hearing impaired people can know what other people
are talking without using SIGN Language. This APP provides
Pure-Tone AudiometryTest to assess level of Hearing Loss.


Clinical, functional, immunological, morphological and immunohistochemical disorders of gastrointestinal tract in preschool children having atopic dermatitis and food allergy are presented in this article.The study performed revealed high frequency of inflammation in the stomach and duodenum with diffuse forms of gastritis and duodenitis and function disorders of intestines. Histologic and immunohistochemical changes of mucous membrane in stomach and duodenum are described. The role of local immunity in pathogenesis of chronic gastroduodenitis in children having nutritional allergy was demonstrated.


The application of turbo product codes (TPC) in asynchronous (or synchronous) intensity modulated direct detection optical code division multiple access (CDMA) systems with on-off keying (OOK) is proposed in this study. Optical multiple access interference (OMAI) caused by other users, is the main source of noise that degrades system performance and limits the total number of active users in optical CDMA. The original turbo product decoding algorithm is modified according to the channel model of a direct detection optical CDMA system and it is shown that the implementation of turbo product codes in such a system provides significant improvement of the bit-error rate (BER) permitting a higher number of active users with less complex transmitters and receivers.


The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the sense of viciousness and the absence of generated goodness as a whole using V.E. Schwab's Vicious as a case study. Vicious is a fantasy novel that revolves around two best friends; Victor and Eli; who once acclaimed superpowers turned to sworn enemies. The novel has subverted the general understanding of the duality of good and evil. Hence, this study attempts to discuss this ancient rivalry of heroes against villain and to throw the light on the new trend adopted by fantasy novels. This trend centers on expelling the sense of goodness out of the protagonist leaving him/her more of a villain than a hero. Since evil versus evil is the center of this study, both Victor Vale and Eli Ever will be discussed both through a psychoanalytical perspective dwelling on their motives, beliefs, and psyche to determine who is the real villain.


Using pH-stat method,when the degree of casein hydrolysis was set as criterion,the optimal enzymatic reaction conditions were obtained as follows: pH=7.5 and temperature 55℃.Based on the proteolysis catalyzed by trypsinase,the relationship between protein content(x) and initial velocity of enzymatic reaction(y) was discussed and the equation of y=0.1177x(R2=0.9927)was found as standard curve for the calculation of protein content.In addition,the protein contents in five kinds of commercial fresh milk were determined by enzymatic hydrolysis method and biuret method(GB method).Protein content calculated by enzymatic hydrolysis method could be confirmed by GB method and the analysis of t-test indicated that there were no notable difference between two methods.Furthermore,the determination time of the rapid method was only 8 minutes(including sample preparation) and was 20 times faster than that of biuret method.


Aim. This study aimed to compare the surgical correction results for isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and CABG in combination with mitral valve (MV) repair for moderate ischemic mitral insufficiency (IMI) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and to identify the risk factors for MI return.Methods. This single-centre prospective study enrolled 76 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and moderate MI with a left ventricular ejection fraction < 35% who did not undergo left ventricular reconstruction. The patients were treated with isolated CABG or CABG in combination with MV repair. The mean age of the patients was 57.5 ± 8.6 years (range, 30–75 years), and 90% were men. Isolated annuloplasty was used with a rigid support ring brand with a ring size of 26–30 mm to correct mitral insufficiency in the CABG + MV repair group.Results. We found that isolated CABG or CABG + MV repair in patients with ischemic heart disease and severe systolic left ventricular dysfunction does not result in significant decrease in the MI in the long term compared with that at baseline. However, the degree of MI after CABG + MV repair is lower than the initial values, unlike that after isolated CABG 12 months postoperatively. In the observation period, of up to 36 months, the MI degree after isolated CABG corresponds to the initial values. The determination of the predictors of IMI progression in ischemic cardiomyopathy enabled us to determine the threshold values of the performance indicators of MV repair, and the evaluation of Echo predictors for annuloplasty preoperatively help select the surgical treatment strategies for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and moderate MI.Conclusion. Correction of IMI in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy does not increase the number of complications in the early postoperative period compared to isolated CABG (p = 0.015). After isolated CABG in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and moderate MI, progression of mitral regurgitation (grade 3 mitral regurgitation, initially 0%; after 12 months, 31%; after 36 months, 71%; p < 0.001) is observed even with initially moderate changes in the geometry of the mitral valve.Received 6 December 2018. Revised 25 March 2019. Accepted 28 March 2019.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.


We propose swampland criteria for braneworlds viewed as effective field theories of defects coupled to semiclassical gravity. We do this by exploiting their holographic interpretation. We focus on general features of entanglement entropies and their holographic calculations. Entropies have to be positive. Furthermore, causality imposes certain constraints on the surfaces that are used holographically to compute them, most notably a property known as causal wedge inclusion. As a test case, we explicitly constrain the Dvali--Gabadadze--Porrati term as a second-order-in-derivatives correction to the Randall--Sundrum action. We conclude by discussing the implications of these criteria for the question on whether entanglement islands in theories with massless gravitons are possible in Karch-Randall braneworlds.


Snort is an intrusion detection system based on rule-matching.Rule-matching is an important mechanism of Snort,and a index of its capacity.For the rule-tree of snort is so simple that there are a lot of OTNS behind RTN;the matching-sequence of items of OTN is decided by security experts,therefore some important items are not matched first.In a word,the mechanism of rule-matching decreases snort's detection capacity greatly.To resolve these issues,data-mining technology is used in Snort intrusion detection system,and ID3 algorithm is used to mine snort's rules to get some important attributes having highest information-gain.Searching first in detec-tion process of snort,consequently the detection speed of snort is increased.


A flood is a common natural disaster that causes enormous economic, social, and human losses. Over the years, a number of management approaches have been developed for lowering flood damage. A rock-fill dam is a suitable structure made of rocks for lowering the output hydrograph and controlling floods in watershed management. On the basis of experimental data, numerical method, artificial neural network (ANN), and neural network-genetic algorithm (NNGA) approaches were applied for predicting flow through trapezoidal and rectangular rock-fill dams. Input parameters for this prediction were selected on the basis of sensitivity analysis. According to the results of the sensitivity analysis, the heights of water in the upstream and downstream sides of the dams were considered as the inputs of the models. The results indicated that the application of a genetic algorithm for optimization of ANN parameters improved the flow estimates. The Delta- Bar-Delta algorithm presented a better performance compared with the other learning algorithms for ANN models. Meanwhile, the NNGA models trained with the Momentum learning algorithm gave the best flow estimates. In general, the used approaches performed well in estimating flow through rock-fill dam; however, the numerical method showed superiority over the other methods. DOI: 10.1061/ (ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000446. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.


The nutrient content and fluid retentive capacity of chocolate milk (CM) is beneficial for athletes. However, nighttime consumption of CM has an unknown impact on next morning endurance performance. Preliminary evidence suggests that carbohydrate, casein and whey proteins are efficiently metabolized at night; therefore, nighttime consumption of CM may prime athletes for next morning competition. PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of nighttime consumption of CM on next morning hydration status and running performance in female endurance athletes. METHODS: Eight female runners (age, 31.1 ± 2.7 years; running 30.6 ± 10.8 miles/week; VO2max, 53.3 ± 2.7 ml/kg/min) participated in this randomized, crossover, double-blind study. After one familiarization trial, two experimental trials were completed. Participants consumed either 355 ml of CM or flavor-matched placebo (PLA) 2 hours after the last meal and 30 minutes before sleep. The next morning, participants arrived to the laboratory fasted. Urine output (UO), urine specific gravity (USG), and nude body weight was measured. Following a standard warm up, participants drank 236 ml of water and ran a 10-km treadmill time trial (TT). Participants blindly controlled speed. The only known measure was distance completed. Finish time, UO, USG, and nude body weight were measured post-exercise. Repeated measures analysis of variance and Students T-tests were used to compare results (SPSS, Cary, NC). Significance was set to p<0.05. Values are reported as means ± SD. RESULTS: TT finish time was faster for CM (50.7 ± 5.0 minutes) than PLA (51.9 ± 6.4 minutes), but not significantly (p=0.214). Heart rate, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and average speed during the TT did not vary significantly between CM and PLA. No differences were found for UO (p=0.337), changes in body weight (p=0.210), or USG (p=0.529). First morning USG did not vary between CM and PLA (1.012 ± 0.008 vs. 1.014 ± 0.006; p=0.452). CONSLUSION: Nighttime consumption of CM does not significantly improve next morning 10K performance in female endurance athletes, although finish time was faster with CM than PLA. After consuming a nighttime beverage (355 ml), athletes woke up adequately hydrated (USG of ≤ 1.020). The nighttime beverage did not have a detrimental effect, so it may be a useful solution to help athletes meet nutritional and hydration needs for race mornings.


This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an instructor-led and a self-managed computer training course. A sample of forty nine (n=49) previously disadvantaged South African adult learners was used. Half the sample was randomly assigned to the instructor-led course, while the other half was assigned to the self-managed course. Data dealing with the course content and design, subject demographics, previous computer experience, preferred learning style, and learning potential was collected prior to each course. After the course, the ability to create key outcomes using the learned software was assessed, as well as subject perceptions of the course and various support and performance system factors. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the performance on the competence assessment of the students from the two groups. The data did, however, indicate a stronger preference for the self-managed approach. A number of limitations to the study were also noted.


The absorption spectrum of BaTiO3:Rh is measured from 400 nm to 1100 nm, there is strong absorption peak (α = 7 cm−1 at 633 nm) while at 850 nm the absorption is rather weak: α = 2 cm−1. Then, we propose an experimental investigation of the EO coefficients, for two different wavelengths corresponding to strong and weak absorption, based on an interferometric and ellipsometric assembly using application of a static electric field and leading to the measurement of the coefficients r13 and r33 separately and the linear combination rc.


A new species of the genus Metavermilia Bush, 1905 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae) is described from deep-water locations (1600–1700 m) off Ogasawara Islands, Japan. The genus Metavermilia is characterized by a single synapomorphy, the structure of the opercular stalk (flat and ribbon-like) formed from the second dorsal branchial radiole. The Metavermilia ogasawaraensis n. sp., is most similar morphologically to M. nanshaensis in having a simple conical operculum covered with a brownish distal plate with a tubercle in the middle and short thoracic membranes. The two species differ from each other in details of tube morphology and thoracic uncini structure. The paper provides a key and a review of all 14 species currently known in the genus Metavermilia .


.............................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 5 METHODS ................................................................................................................................ 6 RESULTS ................................................................................................................................. 12 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................... 14 FIGURE AND TABLE LEGENDS .................................................................................................. 18 FIGURES AND TABLES ............................................................................................................. 19 APPENDIX A – GOODNESS-OF-FIT ........................................................................................... 26 APPENDIX B – BLACK AND WHITE FIGURES ............................................................................. 28 LITERATURE CITED .................................................................................................................. 34


The Word enshrined in the Holy Book was always revered by the [Sikh] Gurus as well as by their disciples as of Divine origin. The Guru was the revealer of the Word. One day the Word was to take the place of the Guru. The line of personal Gurus could not have continued forever. The inevitable came to pass when Guru Gobind Singh declared the Guru Granth Sahib to be his successor. It was only through the Word that the Guruship could be made everlasting.1


We argue that the bursting, transient X-ray source GRO J1744-28 is a binary consisting of a very low-mass ($M \approx 0.2 M_\sun$), highly evolved giant star that is transferring mass by Roche lobe overflow onto a high-mass ($M \approx 1.8 M_\sun$) neutron star. We explore a picture in which the bursts are due to thermonuclear flashes in matter that has accreted onto the neutron star. We attribute the unusually hard spectra of the bursts and the high burst rate compared to normal Type I X-ray burst sources -- indeed the existence of unstable nuclear burning itself -- to the unusually strong surface magnetic field, $ B_s \approx 1 \times 10^{13}$ G, of the neutron star.


The article is devoted to the problem of stress in modern society. This problem is very actual nowadays. The reason of a close attention on this problem is connected with developing of an informational society, growing scientific and technical progress.


We report thedevelopment ofamathematical modelfor themucociliary clearance ofinhaled particles inthenormal human lung.Themodelassumes Weibel's symmetric dichotomously branching system ofairways inthelung.Themodelisformulated byassuming thattheparticles residing onthesurface ofthemucusblanket behave asafluid andthattheir concentration isgoverned bythecontinuity equation. Theconcentration ofparticles ineachairway generation of thelungisfoundtodepend ontheinitial deposition pattern andthe transport rateofmucusineachairway generation. Thedistribution of particles isdetermined byamodelcalculation whichtakes intoaccount inertial impaction, gravitational sedimentation, andBrownian diffusion astheprincipal mechanisms ofparticle deposition. Themucustrans- portrates arefoundbyfirst assuming thatthemucusblanket which lines theairways isuniformly thick throughout theentire lungandthat there isnonetabsorption orsecretion ofmucusinagiven airway gene- ration. Theonlymucociliary transport ratewhichhasbeenwellmea- sured experimentally isinthetrachea. Weadjust thetrachael transport rateinthemodeluntil agoodagreement between predicted andob- served clearance of7.9g aerodynamic diameter particles fromthelung isobtained. Thetracheal transport rate necessary toachieve agoodfit is5.5mm/minwhichagrees withmeasured values. Withanestablished trachael transport ratewearethenabletocalculate transport rates in distal airways. Transport rates aslowas4.6M/min arepredicted for theterminal respiratory bronchioles. These lowtransport rates andthe resultant longresidence times ofinhaled substances mayplayarole in thepathogenesis ofsmall airways disease.


The present invention discloses a non-programmable universal remote control system and method. Connected component ability to respond to various function commands TV detected. Then, when a non-programmable remote control to select function component and then generate the command, the TV determines whether or component can respond to the command, if not, the TV function or the selected component dynamically alter the command.


To test the hypothesis that widespread errors in protein synthesis underlie diseases with features resembling premature aging, we examined the thermostability of two erythrocyte enzymes in three unrelated progeria families and in two Werner syndrome patients. Unlike previous reports, no increased heat-labile component of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) was found. Our results do not support the protein error hypothesis. Our data raise questions regarding the usefulness of thermolabile enzyme level as a proposed marker for progeria or Werner syndrome.


In this paper, a novel internal model control (IMC) algorithm based on self-constructing wavelet neural network (WNN) is proposed for the nonlinear process. The self-constructing learning algorithm is composed of the structure learning and the parameters learning. In the structure learning phase, the similarity measurement method is adopted to determine whether or not to add a new wavelet base to satisfy the identification requirement. In addition, the impact of wavelet base on the output of the network is used as the basis for deciding whether to cut the wavelet base. The gradient descent method which can adjust the learning rate automatically is applied in the parameters learning. Combining the self-constructing WNN with IMC, the networks used to identify the process model and the controller model can dynamically determine the number of nodes. So, the networks convergence speed could be increased, and the dynamic performance and robustness of the system could be improved.


This article contains the proposal of a theoretical apparatus and criteria which might be adopted to approach the topic of Italian Literature about the "Risorgimento". The 'social value' of literary works was taken as a basis, that is, their ability to explain the historical process to contemporary readers by depicting large-scale events while narrating the personal stories of fictional characters. A basic research hypothesis here presented is that 1861 constitutes a turning point in Italian Literature, as the optimistic hopes of pre‑Unity patriotic-oriented authors turn into disillusion in the wake of the lack of sound achievements by the new Kingdom in the fields of the social and cultural advancement which should have followed political unification, but it did not.


A spectrofluorometric method for determination of common epoxides based on a fluorescence reaction of the epoxy group with nicotinamide and acetophenone is described. By the method, as little as 10ng order of five aliphatic epoxides could be determined with a coefficient of variation of ca. 3 to 5%.The analysis of the reaction product showed that the fluorophore had a 2, 7-naphthyridine structure.


This paper describes a process of developing procedures of investigating and determining origins of a vehicle, based on its digital identification data stored in electronic control units as the Vehicle Identification Number. The 17-digits standardized VIN number uniquely identifies every modern manufactured car and is placed in a visible way in several different places including car chassis, car body and documentation. Additionally, depending on a manufacturer, VIN is located in numerous electronic control units (ECUs) in non-volatile EEPROM memories. Despite being prohibited by law there has been rapid growth of unauthorized VIN changes over the last decades caused by unrestricted access to high-tech chip tunning tools developed primarily for engine performance improvements. This approach has become widely exploited by cars thieves to mask original identity and resell stolen cars and parts on 2nd hand markets, glossing over their history. The aim of the research is to collect information on types of memories installed in ECUs, available security mechanisms protecting their data, storing patterns as well as describe attempts to determine a vehicle depending on the structure of the VIN read from the ECU including all types of information encoded. Results and conclusions were obtained based on several available Bosch Electronic Diesel Control units.


Landslides pose significant and serious geological threat disasters worldwide, threatening human lives and property; China is particularly susceptible to these disasters. This paper focuses on Pengyang County, which is situated in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, an area prone to landslides. This study investigated the application of machine learning techniques for analyzing landslide susceptibility. To construct and validate the model, we initially compiled a landslide inventory comprising 972 historical landslides and an equivalent number of non-landslide sites (Data sourced from the Pengyang County Department of Natural Resources). To ensure an impartial evaluation, both the landslide and non-landslide datasets were randomly divided into two sets using a 70/30 ratio. Next, we extracted 15 landslide conditioning factors, including the slope angle, elevation, profile curvature, plan curvature, slope aspect, TWI (topographic wetness index), TPI (topographic position index), distance to roads and rivers, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), rainfall, land use, lithology, SPI (stream power index), and STI (sediment transport index), from the spatial database. Subsequently, a correlation analysis between the conditioning factors and landslide occurrences was conducted using the certainty factor (CF) method. Three landslide models were established by employing logistic regression (LR), functional trees (FTs), and random subspace functional trees (RSFTs) algorithms. The landslide susceptibility map was categorized into five levels: very low, low, medium, high, and very high susceptibility. Finally, the predictive capability of the three algorithms was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The better the prediction, the higher the AUC value. The results indicate that all three models are predictive and practical, with only minor discrepancies in accuracy. The integrated model (RSFT) displayed the highest predictive performance, achieving an AUC value of 0.844 for the training dataset and 0.837 for the validation dataset. This was followed by the LR model (0.811 for the training dataset and 0.814 for the validation dataset) and the FT model (0.776 for the training dataset and 0.760 for the validation dataset). The proposed methods and resulting landslide susceptibility map can assist researchers and local authorities in making informed decisions for future geohazard prevention and mitigation. Furthermore, they will prove valuable and be useful for other regions with similar geological characteristics features.


The time evolution of the vibrational states of an adspecies–surface bond (adbond) excited by IR laser radiation and coupled to phonon modes of the solid is obtained by numerical solution of a generalized master equation. For three levels of a system composed of an atom adsorbed at the end of a linear chain, the average adbond energy is seen to have a monotonic and an oscillatory component. Under certain resonance conditions, energy is continuously absorbed by the adbond from both the laser and the phonons. The Markovian approximation is shown to be inappropriate for this case, and a measure of non‐Markovian behavior is proposed. Feedback and synergistic effects are discussed.


AbstractIn this work, kinetic and mechanistic study of photochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) with UV lamp of 6 W, 12 W, 18 W, and peroxy acetic acid (PAA) oxidant was estimated. The differential method was evaluated by fractional order of reaction for both UV and UV/PAA processes. Overall and initial reaction rate constants were evaluated using integral method. Reaction rate increases with UV input and PAA concentration and it decreases with the increase in 4-CP concentration. Samples were analyzed by HPLC, UV spectrophotometer, and GC-MS for residual concentration and identification of degraded products. The degradation compounds are identified and probable mechanism of reaction is established.


This paper reviews current debates in social epistemology about the relations between knowledge and consensus. These relations are philosophically interesting on their own, but also have practical consequences, as consensus takes an increasingly significant role in informing public decision making. The paper addresses the following questions. When is a consensus attributable to an epistemic community? Under what conditions may we legitimately infer that a consensual view is knowledge-based or otherwise epistemically justified? Should consensus be the aim of scientific inquiry, and if so, what kind of consensus? How should dissent be handled? It is argued that a legitimate inference that a theory is correct from the fact that there is a scientific consensus on it requires taking into consideration both cognitive properties of the theory as well as social properties of the consensus. The last section of the paper reviews computational models of consensus formation. Consensus plays an increasingly growing role in public life. The National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) formulate expert consensus statements to provide authoritative answers to disputed questions. The "Danish Citizen Consensus Model" is used for assessing societal dimensions of science and technology (Medlock et al, 2007; Horst 2008; Einsiedel et al. 2001). Wikipedia promotes consensus for achieving neutrality and verifiability (Wikipedia 2017). Scientific consensus is deferred to when arbitrating between rival experts in legal trials. But when we think about the relations between knowledge and consensus, two conflicting intuitions arise. On the one hand, since when is truth determined by numbers? Are we back to the notorious Indiana House of Representatives "Pi Bill" of 1897, which redefined Pi by majority voting? (Hallerberg 1977) Wasn't Galileo right although his views contradicted common wisdom? On the other hand, for every Galileo, there are hundreds of misguided contrarians, forgotten by history. Is everybody wrong and only you are right? Current social epistemology of consensus and dissent sorts out these conflicting intuitions. 1 Social epistemologists distinguish between knowledge-based consensus and mere agreement, explore the relations between consensus and the aims of inquiry, and distinguish legitimate from illegitimate dissent. Section 1 concerns the attribution of consensus to an epistemic community. Section 2 reviews accounts of knowledge-based or epistemically justified consensus. Section 3 addresses consensus as an aim of inquiry and the normative status of dissent. Section 4 reviews computational models of consensus. 1. When Does a Consensus Exist? Deciding whether a consensus exists is not always trivial. To do so, we need to assess the scope of and depth of the agreement. Start with scope. Tucker (2003, 509-510) argues that a 1 In philosophy of science until the early 1980s, scientific consensus was addressed mostly in the context of Kuhn's (1962/1970) The Structure of the Scientific Revolutions (See Wray in this volume). For a classic account of the interplay between data, theory, method, and rational consensus, see Laudan (1984).


By means of a development of an e-bike sharing system the Electromobility Project wants to provide an alternative way of comfortable transportation for students and staff of the CTU, primarily to commute between different campuses. The research for this project contains at least three different fields of study, namely electric vehicle and docking station development, intelligent transport systems and management and economics of transportation and telecommunication. After briefly stating general requirements for the sharing system, this paper focuses on the development of the electric bicycle. First an ideal bike design is defined. Then necessary motor power and battery capacity are calculated by estimating characteristics of cycling in Prague. A prototype was developed by converting a normal bicycle to an electric bicycle. Being equipped with devices for e-bike monitoring, controlling and data recording for a post trip analysis, this prototype is also intended to have an educational value for future students in the project. Results consist of an electrical bicycle configuration that matches the requirements and a sketch of an ideal e-bike for this project.


A mathematical treatment was given for the current and potential distribution in a pore when the electrode was polarized by a step function of current. The pore was assumed to be equivalent to an one-dimensional transmission line consisting of the solution resistance, the double layer capacitance and the reaction resistance of the electron-transfer reaction across the double layer. The expressions are given for the potential difference across the electric double layer at the electrode-solution interface inside the pore referred to that at the equilibrium potential, the current passing through the cross section of the pore, the current density which flows into the electrode and the Ohmic potential in the pore respec tively as functions of time and the position in the pore. The distribution of the current and potential was found to depend greatly not only on the time constant of the pore defined by a product of the solution resistance inside the pore and the double layer capacitance of the pore wall, but also on that of the electron-transfer reaction. It is shown that in concentrated solutions the current density distributes homogeneously throughout the whole surface inside the pore, while in dilute solutions most of the polarizing current flows into the electrode near the orifice of the pore in the early stage of time and that the current density distribution becomes more inhomogeneous with decreasing the time constant of the electron-transfer reaction. This inhomogeneity causes the deviation of the log (I/¢) 'Us. time curve from a linear relation in the initial stage of time.


A method for determining plasma shape and global properties of high-beta non-circular tokamak equilibria (βp, β, q and ℓi) from magnetic sensor data is described. The technique uses a least-squares fitting procedure to find the plasma boundary and a global force balance analysis (as opposed to a complete solution of the MHD equilibrium equation) to determine plasma pressure. Estimates of the uncertainties in the computed quantities are also obtained, and the method is fast enough that it can be used to provide a complete time history (up to 100 time points) of ISX-B high-beta discharges within two to three minutes of each shot. Values obtained using this method are in excellent agreement with more detailed measurements and with free-boundary MHD equilibrium computations.


The article attempts to explore the characteristics of the organizational managers' gender roles, and examine the probable impacts from gender, educational background and working positions on gender roles, as well as the influence from gender roles to leadership effectiveness. 186 sets questionnaires are collected through investing the managers and their subordinates. The findings indicate that androgynous tendency is obvious among the organizational managers in China. The significant influence of managers' gender, educational level and working position on gender roles are affirmed, and the results also supports the view of the androgynous managers are more effective.


The colonial view of Korean ancient history has not been settled or overcome. It remains an unnished issue especially in Gaya history. Some Japanese historians still assert that Wa exercised their inuence over the southern part of the Korean Peninsula including Gaya. However, it is not true that the only the colonial view has dominatedKorean academia, which has presented various critical views and studies on the 'Imnailbonbu' theory. The claim that the research of Kim Hyeongu was based on the colonial view of history and misunderstood 'Imnailbonbu' theory, is false. No Korean historian accepts Suematsu's theory which claims that ancient Japan ruled the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and believes that 'Imnailbonbu' was the government organs of Wa. The main point of the argument over 'Imnailbonbu' is the problem how we should understand the people from Wawho lived around the Gaya area, and the relationship between Gaya, Baekjae, and Wa. Most Korean scholars studying the 'Imnailbonbu' issue investigate the relationship between Baekjae and Gaya , the foreign relations of Gaya, and the relationship between ancient Korea and Japan.


A detailed analysis of the absorbance versus time functional forms of the chemical species in the consecutive two-step unimolecular reaction scheme is presented. Distinguishability of rate constants is discussed with respect to the characterization of growth-decay and decay-growth curves and the rate constant - reaction step ambiguity. A new method based on the functional form of the absorption extremum involving the intermediate B with catalyst concentration is proposed to overcome the problem of rate constant assignments.


Purpose The robotic approach offers improved visualization and maneuverability for surgeons. This systematic review aims to compare the outcomes of robotic-assisted and conventional laparoscopic approaches for paraesophageal hernia repair, specifically examining postoperative complications, operative time, hospital stay, and recurrence. Methods A systematic review including thorough research through PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, was performed and only comparative studies were included. Studies concerning other types of hiatal hernias or children were excluded. A meta-analysis was conducted to compare overall postoperative complications, hospital stay, and operation time. Results Ten comparative studies, with 186,259 participants in total, were included in the meta-analysis, but unfortunately, not all of them reported all the outcomes under question. It appeared that there is no statistically significant difference between the conventional laparoscopic and the robotic-assisted approach, regarding the overall postoperative complication rate (odds ratio [OR], 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–1.11), the mean operation time (t = 1.41; 95% CI, –0.15–0.52; p = 0.22), and the hospital length of stay (t = –1.54; degree of freedom = 8; 95% CI, –0.53–0.11; p = 0.16). Only two studies reported evidence concerning the recurrence rates. Conclusion Overall, the robotic-assisted method did not demonstrate superiority over conventional laparoscopic paraesophageal hiatal hernia repair in terms of postoperative complications, operation time, or hospital stay. However, some studies focused on cost and patient characteristics of each group. Further comparative and randomized control studies with longer follow-up periods are needed for more accurate conclusions on short- and long-term outcomes.


Abstract
This thesis explores the impact that Home Visiting Programmes (HVPs) have on the language development of young children.

Paper one reports a systematic review conducted to explore whether HVPs have an effect on the language development of the children they support. This process yielded 11 studies, all of which were rated using a quality appraisal tool. Data was extracted from each of these studies and analysed in order to identify which programs have supported children's language development and why this might be. The findings illustrated that the HVP model of intervention are able to make positive changes to children's language development, but not all programs achieve this outcome. The variance in the ways in which HVP are delivered makes for cautious conclusions, but the review suggests that the frequency and duration of visits might play an important role.

Paper two describes an empirical study that measured 24-month-old children's supplementary gesture-speech production. The data was analysed to investigate whether there was a difference in language ability of the children, half of whom had received support from the Family Nurse Partnership program HVP (UK). 483, three-minute long video recordings of mother-child dyads were coded for the child's gesture production, with a particular focus on their use of supplementary gesture-speech combinations (an advanced form of gesture production associated with children's language development). The study did not find a difference between the two groups with regards to supplementary gesture production, but did find a significant association between supplementary gesture production and children's Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) score across the whole sample. Furthermore, children born to younger mothers were less likely to produce a supplementary gesture.

Paper three provides a reflective and critical evaluation of the above papers. The paper reflects on the research processes and decisions made, as well as the clinical implications for the findings.

Terminology: Home Visiting Program (HVP); Mean Length of Utterance (MLU); Family Nurse Partnership (FNP); Early Language Milestone scale (ELM)


Drives for a web-fed rotary printing press with several printing units with an ink-transferring the first pair of cylinders (3, 13, 67) consisting of a first forme cylinder (1.1, 1.4, 69) and a first transfer cylinder (2.1, 2.4, 71) mechanically coupled and by a first motor (7) can be driven and a second ink-transferring cylinder pair (4, 14, 68) consisting of a second forme cylinder (1.2, 1.5, 70) and a second transfer cylinder (2.2, 2.5, 72) coupled mechanically and a second motor (7) can be driven, wherein the forme cylinders (1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 69, 70) each have an inking unit and a dampening unit are assigned controller (56, 57, 73, 74) (for position control of the motors 7), wherein the first and the second motor (7), the transfer cylinders (71, 72) and the transfer cylinders (71, 72) (via a toothing in each case the associated form cylinder (69, driving 70) or wherein the first and the second motor 7) the Formzylin of (1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5) and driving the forme cylinders ...


Abstract : A literature review and annotated bibliography were compelled to provide an introduction to the three Infantry weapon systems (M16A1 Rifle, TOW, and DRAGON antitank guided missiles), considering the three subsystems (training criteria, training content, and trainee selection) within each system's training course. Two hundred sixty-six documents were identified and abstracted: of these, one hundred five are variously cited in the review narrative. The review describes and discusses the hardware, the hardware demands on the operator, current training programs, training criteria, measures of effectiveness, and training devices. The review showed that the current training for each weapon system (1) lacks continuity between institutional and unit training, (2) has no correlation between training device proficiency and operational equipment proficiency, and (3) has no validated training program. It was concluded that training for M16A1, TOW, and DRAGON can be effective only if complete training effectiveness analyses (TEAs) are conducted for each weapon system. Keywords: Individual Training, Threat, Training Effectiveness Analysis, Trainee Selection, Trainee Content, Training Criteria, Training Devices.


Therapeutic alliance in the field of perinatal depression constitutes a major prevention problem (Chabrol et coll., 2003). The clinical pilot study of two cases presented here includes a double aim: a) to approach some determinants involved during the first phase of therapeutic alliance: therapeutic adherence or refusal. The authors compare, by the way of a clinical multivariate method (interview, clinical scales, Rorschach test), the psychological outcome of two pregnant depressive women, followed until a two months postnatal period, with two evaluations, one at the beginning (5th-6th month) of pregnancy, and the other at the end of the following (2nd month in postnatal). One of these women has accepted the therapeutic engagement, the other has refused it; b) to demonstrate that to prove a change during the psychotherapic process is possible within a psychoanalytic model. Results show opposite evolutions. Therapeutic adherence's refusal seems to be related to a masochistic personality's organization, while therapeutic adherence appears with a woman having a nevrotic personality's organization.


Classification societies play an important role in the 'safety net' of the shipping industry. The class societies are not dependent on governments. They set national and international technical rules during the processes of construction and further exploitation of vessels. Class societies are not only able to give certification to the vessels, but even give some guidance on the proper implementation of the new rules or practical recommendations as regards difficult technical or legal issues. The current system of the functioning of the classification societies leads to a kind of unhealthy competition, since the classification society is ultimately forced to heed the ship-owner's opinion, who is paying them for certification and other services. Whether the role of the classification societies should or could be diminished in the aftermath of the occurred 'prestige' incident in general has remained a disputable issue and no further steps have been taken in this direction.


Automated negotiation between buyers and suppliers has become increasingly important since the advent of the e-marketplace. In this study, automated negotiation by software agents is investigated. The negotiation tactics of an agent are formulated based on the concept of issue trade-offs and are presented as fuzzy rules. A simple heuristic is employed to learn the opponent's preference structure in the negotiation process. Initial experimental results are provided.


Introduction: In India, several science agencies are promoting Stem Cell Research (SCR). There is paucity of studies which document the perception of doctors about SCR, especially physicians in academia. This study was carried out to assess perception of physicians in academia towards Human Stem Cell Research (HSCR) and related policies in India. Methods: We interviewed 200 doctors from three different government medical colleges of Rajasthan. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to discern their awareness, attitudes towards utilization of SCR and their knowledge of related international and ethical policy issues. Results: Though mostly 177 (96.2%) physicians acknowledged the public health benefits of promoting stem cell research in India, but 166 (66.2%) were not aware of the stem cell research policy of the Government of India and 111 (60.3%) were not aware of the ICMR guidelines for Human Stem Cell Research in India. There was a strong desire among academic physicians 152 (82.6%) to incorporate a course on SCR to the students in the near future. Discussion: Physicians in academia have views that SCR should be encouraged to treat clinical diseases and this technology should be brought into India in a big way. They seem to believe that one of the ways to promote the benefits of SCR would be to raise awareness by publishing success stories in widely read Indian Medical Journals, giving updated information regarding its uses in clinical practices and its inclusion as a part of the curricula for health professionals.


The objective of this article is to examine the thematic structure of the president's farewell address. The research material is Dmitry Medvedev's speech at the inauguration of Vladimir Putin on May 7, 2012. The thematic structure analysis of the discourse includes the identification of semantic macro-propositions, the creation of an informational portrait of the text, the definition of the key words, the establishment of the main topics, the study of linguistic means of embodying the ideological views and thematic content and rhetorical ways of influencing the audience. Statistical analysis shows the most informative words of the speech: we, the whole, I, Russia, our, person, citizen, president, state, be, work, country . Dmitry Medvedev's speech includes the following substantive elements: achievements of the country during his term in office, challenges, the image of the country's future, the president. The politician formulates the achievements of the country in four theses. Firstly, the previously initiated economic and political transformations have continued; positive changes have taken place in the public life of the country. Secondly, despite the global economic crisis, the state has fulfilled its social obligations. Thirdly, the modernization of the economy has begun. And fourthly, the dialogue between the government and society has improved. The image of the future contains such political concepts as the state, law, justice, security, freedom and person. The cognitive scheme of the concept "president" consists of the following elements: experience, knowledge, awareness, citizen support of the political course, and work. Medvedev uses multilevel linguistic means and rhetorical techniques to form a positive semantic background for the perception of the results of his presidency. It is concluded that the farewell address plays an important role, since it presents to the citizens the results of the president's activ-ity and the vision of the country's development.


A vitamin B12-like substance, tentatively called X factor, was isolated from an animal feed supplementing B12. From the results of paper electrophoresis, absorption spectra, microbiological activities, precursor effect in B12 biosynthesis. X factor was shown to have a structure nearly related to cobinamide. Though a number of B12-like substances have so far been isolated, such as from sewage and culture medium of Propionibacterium shermannii (Bernhauer) and from supernatant liquor distiller's waste digester and human excreta treatment plant (Shimizu), but the isolation of such large quantities of cobinamide has not been reported. Especially, the method adopted by the authors using P-cellulose is very simple and the separation is satisfactory. It can be safely recommended for preparation of cobinamide.TABLE III Effect of X Factor as a Precursor in Cobammide BiosynthesisIt is not clear whether this cobinamide has been present in the feed supplement or has released from cobamide during purification procedures. If the former is the case, the significance as an intermediate in cobamide biosynthesis must be considered. Studies on the mechanism of cobamide biosynthesis using X factor and the promotion of cobamide production by culture are the problems under way. As paper electrophoresis of X factor in a neutral medium resulted often in separation of several spots and that in an acidic medium whithout cyanide resulted in appearance of yellow spot, X factor may not be a simple compound.


'' The pineapple has one conspicuous disease characterized by the appearance of white spots on the leaves. This is caused in many cases at least by the entrance of organisms through wounds such as the punctures made by sucking insects. .A.t first the spots are small and brown. Gradually they enlarge, the epidermis sinks, the interior tissue is destroyed, and the ·white bleaehed appearance is taken on. It is in no sense a serious disease although common under excessively moist conditions. ' '


Designing an Instructional Model According to Bales's Theory and Testing Its ... 92 The problem of this study exemplifies the poor achievement of the prescribed population in reading comprehension which is attributed to the traditional method applied by teachers of English in the non departmental courses. Accordingly, the first aim of the current study is to design an instructional model in the light of Bales's social interaction theory to teach English Educational Texts. The second aim is to test the impact of the designed instructional model on reading comprehension and developing students' metacognition and interpersonal communication skills. Three null hypotheses have been set concerning this aim. The third aim is to find out the statistically significant correlation between the three independent variables. The population includes all the second year students in the morning and evening classes in the Department of Education and Psychology/ College of Education/ University of Mosul for the academic year 20102011. Students in the morning classes have been chosen intentionally as a sample of the study. They have been divided into two groups. The experimental group includes 36 students: 23 males and 13 females. The control group includes 35 students: 16 males and 19 females. The sample as a whole consists of 71 students: 39 males and 32 females. Both groups were made equivalent in respect of all factors, except for the exposure to the independent variable. Three instruments have been prepared by the researcher and administered to the sample of the study, viz. reading comprehension test, metacognition test, and interpersonal communication skills scale. The results of the study revealed the impact of the DIM in improving the three dependent variables.


Described is a vehicle combination (100) comprising: at least two series can be arranged in an order of vehicles (110, 120, 130, 140), wherein each vehicle includes an electronic memory (112, 122, 132, 142) for storing an address of the vehicle wherein a first vehicle is formed in order to store a predetermined value as its address in its memory, wherein each vehicle (110, 120, 130) up to a final vehicle formed in the order, a determined based on its address to transmit another value to a next car in sequence, and wherein each vehicle (120, 130, 140) to the first vehicle configured to store the data transmitted to it other than its address value in its memory. Further, a method for storing addresses is described.


Gambling has existed for centuries and has taken on many forms during this period. Initially, there wasn't any criminal provision regarding the concept of games of chance. For instance the Penal Code1 of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, in chapter X, named "criminal contravention against social morality", provides for the prohibition of gambling. Therefore, the Penal Code established the unlawful character of a single subcategory of games of chance, the gambling. Obviously, this fact reflects the economic development at a given time and society as well as the technological innovations that, nowadays, influence increasingly this sector. As part of the economic sector, games of chance have experienced rapid growth in Albania in recent years. This recent phenomenon is regulated and controlled by the respective legal and institutional framework. Such regulation, based on the category of the game of chance, legitimates various forms of the respective sector, implying the unlawful character of any other form not mentioned in the law, by punishing those categories which run contrary to the legal provisions.


The frequent pitching motion of underwater vehicle during the mission will produce a more complex hydrodynamic wake, which is important for the detection and tracking of underwater vehicles. In this paper, a numerical method is presented to simulate the wake field during the pitching motion of an underwater vehicle by combining the dynamic overset grid method. The evolution law of the wake field is analyzed based on the DARPA SUBOFF simplified model. The effects of underwater vehicle speed on the velocity and turbulent kinetic energy of the wake field and the effects of the longitudinal inclination of the underwater vehicle on the extent of the wake field are discussed.It is found that the wake velocity is positively correlated with the sailing speed of the underwater vehicle, the turbulent kinetic energy of the wake field is directly proportional to the 1.75 power of the sailing speed of the underwater vehicle, and the range of wake field is positively correlated with the pitch angle of underwater vehicle. The larger the pitch angle is, the larger the intensity and size of vortex formed in the flow field are, and the farther the vortex can propagate to the rear of underwater vehicle wake.


ABSTRACT Meaningful integration of evidence-based practice (EBP) in graduate school curricula may be best achieved by partnerships between service agencies and academia. This article provides a concrete example for teaching EBP in a master's-level social work course through collaboration with an agency with a strong track record of EBP implementation. The article presents a template for structuring a course on EBP and illustrates how social work students can help bridge the gap between science and service in the community. It includes examples of activities, role-plays, and assignments that have been effective in supporting students' knowledge of EBP, understanding of bringing EBP to a practical reality, and their potential role as a champion for EBP in the clinical workplace.


The most important features of any highway project are performance and economic feasibility. Construction of roads on weak soils is economically the major problem faced by highway engineers. Stabilization technique is used to strengthen the existing soil. Various stabilizers such as cement, lime, bitumen, geosynthetics, chemicals and so on are used in order to stabilize soils. Bio-enzymes are organic, nontoxic stabilizers which are available in concentrated liquid form are found to improve the soil properties and thus improve the performance of roads. The number of enzymes are available in market such as Fujibeton, Terrazyme and Renolith etc. These Bioenzymes are to be evaluated on various soils to assess their suitability. In the present study the properties of Black cotton soil typically clayey in nature and Red Soil Silty in nature was considered in order improve its properties, the soil treated with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% of Renolith by the 2% and 4% of cement, which is taken by the weight of dry soil and the soil properties were evaluated. Keywords— Black-cotton and Red Soils, Cement, Renolith, Stabilization. INTRODUCTION The liquid chemical stabilizer (Renolith) is one of the numerous chemical products in the market developed in Germany by Renolith International from a blend of locally produced synthetic chemical products. Renolith is a polymer-based product, composed of latex with cellulose. Its liquid form significantly improves the workability of the cement stabilization process in a variety of road subgrade, rail, embankment, and other construction projects. Renolith is a secondary binder because it cannot produce the stabilizing effects on its own but in the presence of cement or any other activator, it reacts chemically to form cementitious compound that contributes to improved strength of poor soil. The product is a synthetic compound with surfaceactive properties which has been devised to change the hydrophilic (water adsorption) properties of clay minerals to those of hydrophobic (water repellent) ones, yet maintains the strength characteristics of the cement-stabilized soil. Objectives The Objectives of the present study are 1. To study the effect of varying dosages of Renolith on Strength characteristics of the soil-cement. 2. To find out optimum dosage of Renolith for the considered soil-cement. 3. To study the durability characteristics of soil-cement mix treated with Renolith Experimental Investigations In the present study, the typical Red soil which is silty soil and Black cotton soil typically clayey in nature is used. Basic properties of the natural untreated soil used in experimental work are determined. The soil is treated with 2.5%,5%,7.5%and 10% of Renolith by the weight of cement. The cement content is fixed for 2% by the weight of dry soil in this study. The experimental work is carried out in three stages, in the first stage basic tests like Visual identification test, Wet Sieve analysis and Atterberg limits tests (Liquid Limit and Plastic Limit) were conducted on soil obtained for investigation. Second stage consists of determining Compaction characteristics of the soil. In the third stage Unconfined Compression test (UCC) and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test were conducted on the soil treated with varying dosages of Renolith by the weight of cement. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 http://www.ijert.org IJERTV6IS040774 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : www.ijert.org Vol. 6 Issue 04, April-2017


Abstract Pseudomonas putida strain WCS358, P. fluorescens strain WCS374, and siderophore‐negative mutants of these strains obtained by Tn5 transposon mutagenesis, were used in experiments to assess the role of siderophores in potato growth stimulation by WCS358. The siderophore‐negative mutants used were still able to use the siderophores produced by their respective wild‐types. WCS358 was able to use the siderophore produced by WCS374, but WCS374 could not use the siderophore produced by WCS358. Population densities of siderophore‐negative mutants of WCS358 on potato roots were high in the presence of the wild‐type strains of WCS358 or WCS374, whereas population densities of siderophore‐negative mutants of WCS374 were high only in the presence of wild‐type strain WCS374. It is concluded from these experiments that siderophores of WCS358 and WCS374 are produced in the potato rhizosphere. Root development of potato stem cuttings and potato tuber yields in soils frequently cropped to potato were increased b...


A varied‐line‐space plane‐grating monochromator for the energy range of 200 – 1,200 eV is described as an upgrade of the CAMD plane‐grating monochromator. Ray‐tracing calculations indicate performance improvements in both resolving power and throughput. An increase in resolving power from ca. 3,000 to the range (from low to high energy) 28,000 – 8,000 throughput increase of 50 – 400% are expected. In contrast to the large enhancement of performance, the proposed modification is relatively inexpensive because of extensive utilization of the current beamline components.


As the custodian of the public space, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) has a mandated responsibility to develop, promote, and preserve the public sphere by actively contributing to the flow and exchange of cultural expression while reflecting the demographic and cultural diversities of Canada. This article sets out to explore the question: To what extent does CBC's Radio 3.com qualify as a civic youth media? The goal of this article is to understand the evolution and applications of civic youth media in order to assess the value of civic-minded ideals against what is being done by the CBC on the Internet to reach the younger members of the Canadian public.


When technology advances, the challenge of competition becomes more difficult. So, concerns about the sturdiness and adequacy of the human/developer? Will AI, however, be able to fulfill the demand? As previously said, it is an overhead for developers to remember each and every kind of syntax and cause or write every line of code. It's very feverish and time consuming. Syntactical and structural ways of programming Programmers are divided into three groups: beginner users, information intermittent users, and professional users. It is still a challenge for inexperienced users to write code that is free of typographical errors, even though they have theoretical knowledge of the programming language, its structure and syntax, as well as the logic of the software. As a result,. The main shibboleth of this paper is to devise a system for writing or developing software code with less stress and time. This system allows developers to start coding with a single press Keywords— Voice coding, Ai, Voice Recognition, Learning, Development, Speech to text system, verification, ASR,Command