The steam-thermal method for refinery of highly-viscous oils and the process of propane-butane liquid extraction have been implemented for production of the impregnation material for carbon rock. The process of steam-thermal treatment has been carried out for highly-viscous oil from Ashalchinskoye accumulation with the "steam-oil" ratio changing from 1.1:1 to 1.4:1. The extraction process has been carried out at temperature T = 85°C and pressures from 4.5 to 8 MPa. Water absorption of carbonate rock has decreased to 0.34% as a result of SCF-impregnation process.


Abstract Palaeochannels of lowland rivers provide a means of investigating the sensitivity of river response to climate-driven hydrologic change. About 80 palaeochannels of the lower Macquarie River of southeastern Australia record the evolution of this distributive fluvial system. Six Macquarie palaeochannels were dated by single-grain optically stimulated luminescence. The largest of the palaeochannels (Quombothoo, median age 54 ka) was on average 284 m wide, 12 times wider than the modern river (24 m) and with 21 times greater meander wavelength. Palaeo-discharge then declined, resulting in a younger, narrower, group of palaeochannels, Bibbijibbery (125 m wide, 34 ka), Billybingbone (92 m, 20 ka), Milmiland (112 m, 22 ka), and Mundadoo (86 m, 5.6 ka). Yet these channels were still much larger than the modern river and were continuous downstream to the confluence with the Barwon-Darling River. At 5.5 ka, a further decrease in river discharge led to the formation of the narrow modern river, the ecologically important Macquarie Marshes, and Marra Creek palaeochannel (31 m, 2.1 ka) and diminished sediment delivery to the Barwon-Darling River as palaeo-discharge fell further. The hydrologic changes suggest precipitation was a driving forcing on catchment discharge in addition to a temperature-driven runoff response.


Background: Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal defect (ASD) are procedures commonly performed in recent years. Aim: To assess long-term results of percutaneous closure of ASD and PFO in adult patients. Material and methods: The study group comprised 64 patients (45 women, mean age 50.5 ±12.7 years), who in 2004-2010 underwent percutaneous closure of ASD or PFO. The occurrence of clinical end-points in the follow-up and possible changes in quality of life and echocardiographic parameters were taken into consideration. Results: In a mean follow-up period of 310 ±305 days there were no deaths or recurrent neurological or peripheral embolic events. In patients with PFO there was no minimal residual shunt immediately after the procedure in transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography, while in patients with ASD early closure of the shunt (up to 24 h) was achieved in 64% of patients, and after 8 months of observation in 84%. The majority of patients were free of complications after the procedure, but one patient underwent urgent surgery after dislocation of the device within 3 h of the procedure and two patients were diagnosed with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) about one month after the procedure. Telephone survey revealed that most patients (81% of patients with ASD and 29% of patients with PFO) noted a marked improvement in health status, relief of symptoms of heart failure, syncope and other symptoms experienced prior to the procedure. Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of ASD and PFO is a safe and effective procedure. Moreover, a significant improvement of quality of life can be observed.


Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit large-scale recording of neural activity and dynamics of neurochemical release with unprecedented resolution in behaving animals. Calcium imaging with highly optimized genetically encoded indicators provides a mesoscopic view of neural activity from genetically defined populations at cellular and subcellular resolutions. Rigorously improved voltage sensors and microscopy allow for robust spike imaging of populational neurons in various brain regions. In addition, recent protein engineering efforts in the past few years have led to the development of sensors for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Here, we discuss the development and applications of these genetically encoded fluorescent indicators in reporting neural activity in response to various behaviors in different biological systems as well as in drug discovery. We also report a simple model to guide sensor selection and optimization. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 45 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Experiments were designed to study the 24 hr urinary excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats. One month after hypophysectomy there was a marked decline in urinary excretion of epinephrine. Norepinephrine excretion was greatly increased 15 days after hypophysectomy and one month after adrenalectomy. The hypophysectomized rats were also administered with 4 IU of ACTH daily for 23 days. After the 3rd injection of ACTH, epinephrine urinary excretion demonstrated a gradual increase. After the 14th injection, urinary epinephrine was not different statistically from control rats. ACTH treatment augmented urinary norepinephrine after the first injection but subsequent changes were insignificant. The volume of urine excreted declined markedly 1 month after hypophysectomy but this decline was not correlated with catecholamine excretion. ACTH administration also modified urinary volume in hypophysectomized rats to the level of control rats. The results suggest that ...


On Sunday of August 2nd, 2015 in Tanjung Harapan highway, Semidang Gumay District of Kaur Regency there has been a vigilantism (Eigenrichting) in the form of destruction and burning of one (1) unit of car that carried out jointly by the community, but until the study was conducted, there has been no follow-up for perpetrators of the destruction and burning of the car, so it raises the question whether the actions taken by community in Tanjung Harapan Village cannot be prosecuted. The purpose of this study was to determine how the role of Police Apparatus in determining the responsibility of perpetrators for destruction and burning of the car. The results showed that the role of Police in determining the responsibility of perpetrators for destruction of goods conducted by community was as the investigators in that case, and must make a report of criminal acts as referred to Article 6 Paragraph (1) and Paragraph (2) of   Head of the Indonesian Police (PERKAP) Number 12 of 2009, then these reports provide a basis for investigation in accordance with the provisions laid down in the Criminal Code. Police as investigators may use Article 406 Paragraph (1) and Article 170 of the Criminal Code as a chapter of suspicion in the investigation process against the destruction of goods conducted jointly by the members of the community in Tanjung Harapan Village of Kaur Regency.


We present the current results from the development of a wide integral field infrared spectrograph (WIFIS). WIFIS offers an unprecedented combination of etendue and spectral resolving power for seeing-limited, integral field observations in the 0.9 - 1.8 μm range and is most sensitive in the 0.9 - 1.35 μ,m range. Its optical design consists of front-end re-imaging optics, an all-reflective image slicer-type, integral field unit (IFU) called FISICA, and a long-slit grating spectrograph back-end that is coupled with a HAWAII 2RG focal plane array. The full wavelength range is achieved by selecting between two different gratings. By virtue of its re-imaging optics, the spectrograph is quite versatile and can be used at multiple telescopes. The size of its field-of-view is unrivalled by other similar spectrographs, offering a 4.511x 1211 integral field at a 10-meter class telescope (or 2011 x 5011 at a 2.3-meter telescope). The use of WIFIS will be crucial in astronomical problems which require wide-field, two-dimensional spectroscopy such as the study of merging galaxies at moderate redshift and nearby star/planet-forming regions and supernova remnants. We discuss the final optical design of WIFIS, and its predicted on-sky performance on two reference telescope platforms: the 2.3-m Steward Bok telescope and the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias. We also present the results from our laboratory characterization of FISICA. IFU properties such as magnification, field-mapping, and slit width along the entire slit length were measured by our tests. The construction and testing of WIFIS is expected to be completed by early 2013. We plan to commission the instrument at the 2.3-m Steward Bok telescope at Kitt Peak, USA in Spring 2013.


There is a constant disequilibrium between the supply and paying demand on the world market of agricultural products. Under these conditions the export prices are decreasing. Utilisation of region-of-origin effect can be an important tool for the increasing of value-added content of products. The article analyses the supply and demand side of regional products. It has been proven, that -as a consequence of multicultural character of Hungarian society - there is a wide range of regionally produced, traditional products. Parallel with income differentiation, there is an increasing tendency of willingness to pay among Hungarian consumers for differentiated products. Results of conjoint analysis highlight the fact, that the importance of region of origin and producer's goodwill much more important in formation of utility function of consumers, than it would be estimated by survey-type consumer research.


Daniel Alsarve & Anne Tjønndal 5 6 7 1:University of Örebro, Sweden; Örebro County's Sports Confederation, Sweden 8 9 2: Nord University, Norway 10 11 12 Abstract 13 The purpose of this article is to investigate women's participation in mixed martial arts 14 in the Nordic countries. The study is based on a qualitative and quantitative 15 methodological approach consisting of individual interviews and focus group interviews 16 with Swedish female mixed martial arts fighters and data from a Norwegian survey of 17 participants in Norwegian mixed martial arts clubs. A total of 12 female fighters were 18 interviewed, while 484 respondents participated in the survey. The results show that 19 women exercising mixed martial arts contain a potential to act as feminist role models 20 through their counter-hegemonic renegotiation of norms and views on femininity and, 21 more specifically, the perception of femininity as something fragile and passive. Despite 22 this progressive potential, the informants unanimously affirm that combat sports in 23 general and in different ways are dominated by males. The data indicates that women still 24 represent a small and marginalised group among mixed martial arts participants in the 25 Nordic countries. Furthermore, women participating in mixed martial arts compete less 26 and are less motivated by performance enhancement (developing as fighters, winning 27 fights/tournaments/titles) compared to the male participants. However, both male and 28 female participants value health and fun as the most important reasons for their 29 participation in mixed martial arts training groups. 30 31


The purpose of this study was to assess outdoor museum staffers' knowledge of their audience. Staff members at a living historical farm were asked to predict visitor responses to a survey questionnaire. The staff members were good predictors of visitor demographics and behavior. They were poor predictors of motivations for visiting and satisfactions with the visit. Given a high rate of visitor contact for all staff, a comparison of first summer and more experienced staffers' predictions found no indication that increased length of service results in increased knowledge of the audience. The study concludes that two months of service, with high visitor contact, may be sufficient to give staff members a reasonably accurate knowledge of audience demographics and behavior, but formal research efforts are necessary to accurately assess visitor motivations for visiting and satisfactions with the visit.


The typicality and particularity of two-difficult paradox between the economic development and environment protection in the hydropower development of Nujiang River were deeply analyzed.Based on studying the relationship between the economic development and environment protection,some countermeasures and suggestions for realizing the double wins of economic development and environment protection in the water energy resource exploitation of Nujiang River under the premise of protection were ut forward.


Research objectives: (1) introduce and overcome the problem of limited facilities and infrastructure of playing tennis in schools; (2) to produce new sports games that are useful for the community, and for sports lovers. This study refers to the development model of Sugiyono, namely: (1) potential and problems; (2) data collection; (3) product design; (4) design validation; (5) product revisions; (6) product trials; (7) product revisions; (8) trial use; (9) final product. The subjects of this study were the 12th grade volleyball extracurricular members of the MA Sakanikat Islam Parakansalak District of Sukabumi, totaling 12 people and the volleyball extracurricular participants in class XI of SMA Negeri 2 Sukabumi, totaling 14 people. The data collection technique used is descriptive percentage. While the data in the form of suggestions and reasons for choosing answers were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. From the results of this development research the presentation was obtained when the small group trial 85% with Very Eligible criteria and the results of the percentage of large-scale trials 92.5% with Very Eligible criteria.


In this paper, the effects of the arm length and the width of cross-dipole and Jerusalem cross on resonance characteristics are investigated. By adjusting the geometry parameters of the two kinds of cross structures, the influence of arm length and width on the equivalent inductance and equivalent capacitance is analyzed by the simulations. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the width of cross-dipole has more influence on the equivalent inductance than equivalent capacitance. The conclusions in this paper would useful in the calculation of the equivalent inductance and capacitance in the LC resonance.


Process for the preparation of sterile packaging of an aqueous solution of peracetic acid decontamination of the surface of said package, comprising: - a step a) during which said aqueous solution of peracetic acid, to 100% mass, comprising: - from 0.01 mass% to 5 mass% peracetic acid - 1 mass% to 10 mass% hydrogen peroxide, - and the amount of acetic acid necessary to maintain balance said chemical solution is introduced into said packaging for said container containing said aqueous solution of peracetic acid; - a step b) during which said packaging containing said aqueous solution of peracetic acid is closed, at the end of step a) by means of a device provided with an air outlet; - a step c) in the course of which said sealed package containing said aqueous solution of peracetic acid is exposed at the end of step b) to gamma irradiation with a radiation dose of between 5000 Gray and 30,000 Gray and more particularly to 28,000 Gray.


With a constant network technology development,people are growingly accustomed to E-payment.E-payment is a key element of electronic commerce and also a fundamental factor for its development.E-payment is one of China Electron Service that contains Custom Business System,China Electronic-port E-payment and Banking System.At present,many Chinese E-payment services develop on the basis of Commercial Banking Services and then imitate banking business into Internet to start a new e-business,so-called Traditional Appending E-commercial System.A basic structure of Banking E-payment System and some relevant notions were desribed and the designing proposal of WEB service were studied in this paper.


Many factors are involved in the process of second language (foreign language) acquisition, among which the acquisition of words is the core. Lexical acquisition in second language and native language is different in that lexical acquisition of second language is based on the lexical cognition of native language. Based on the Model of Experiential Dearning by Kolb, the Cognitive Model of Lexical Acquisition of second language is established in the paper with an intention of enhancing the individual characteristics of lexical acquisition of second language.


Anomaly detection systems offer the potential to identify new attacks before signatures are identified. To do so, these systems build models of normal user activity from historical data and then use these models to identify deviations from normal behavior caused by attacks. In this thesis, we develop a method of anomaly detection using protocol graphs, graph-based representations of network traffic. These protocol graphs model the social relationships between clients and servers, allowing us to identify clever attackers who have a hit list of targets, but don't understand the relationships these targets have to each other. While this method can identify subtle attacks, anomaly detection systems and IDS in general are challenged by the rise of large-scale industrialized attacks conducted by botnets. The attackers who use botnets have an active interest in acquiring new hosts, leading to a general form of attack we refer to as harvesting. Harvesting attacks consist of a constant stream of low-success high-volume attempts to take over multiple hosts. Because attackers face relatively little risk of detection, harvesting attacks are conducted continuously. These attacks result in a constant stream of garbage traffic that can mistrain an anomaly detector, if the detector assumes that attacks are rare. Furthermore, since harvesting attacks have such a low success rate, they generally represent minimal risk to a network, treating all attacks as equivalent raises the alarm rate extensively even when the attacks represent little risk to the systems that the anomaly detector monitors. To that end, we complement our anomaly detection system by developing


The American public increasingly uses the Internet to obtain health information.1–5 Researchers have scrutinized the quality of health Web sites,6–10 but relatively few have studied the Web portals that deliver sites to users.11,12 Health consumers must rely on brief site listings generated by portal searches when deciding which Web site to access. These analyses examine the extent to which such site descriptions provide adequate cues about site sponsors and their intent to sell products on Web sites.


Cooperative behavior is subject to exploitation by individuals that are unwilling to share resources or efforts. Evolu- tion of social behavior by individual selection is therefore difficult to achieve. The study of simple symmetric two-player games of cooperation and defection suggest ways to circumvent this difficulty, the game of Prisoner™s Dilemma in particular. This game has nevertheless failed to explain recently reported social behavior among lions with persistent differences in willingness to cooperate among individuals. We propose and analyze a slightly differ- ent game, Biker™s Dilemma, that describes the observed behavior and predicts the variation seen in the lion popula- tion.


Controlled sulfonyl migration is considered an important transformation for total synthesis, and scaffold elaboration. Accordingly, efforts to understand the underlying properties of these often serendipitously identified reactions have important implications. Following the attempted synthesis of a tetrahydroindazolone analogue, we report here an unexpected 1,5 nitrogen to carbon tosyl migration, resulting in the isolation of an unusual sulfonated dimedone. Synthetic and mechanistic investigations provide early insight into the scope of this reaction, with two potential mechanisms proposed.


Host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi is a markedly silent process that induces a modest, yet reproducible type I interferon (IFN-I) response. In this study, we report that T. cruzi -induced IFNβ production occurs through the cGAS-STING pathway. The induction of IFNβ transcription in primary murine macrophages at 24 hours post-infection was nearly abolished in cGAS−/− or STING−/− macrophages. Infected cGAS−/−, STING−/− and IFNAR−/− macrophages had significantly higher amastigotes compared to WT macrophages, indicating that activation of the STING pathway constrains intracellular parasite growth. To further assess the impact of the STING pathway in vivo, mice were infected in the footpads with tdTomato-expressing T. cruzi and the fluorescence intensity at the infection site was quantified as a measure of parasite growth. Despite an initial increase in parasite growth, we unexpectedly found that STING−/− and IFNAR−/− mice ultimately accumulated fewer parasites in the footpads as compared to WT mice. Surprisingly, contrary to STING−/− mice, we observed increased parasite growth in the footpads in cGAS−/− mice but not in cGAS−/−IFNAR−/− mice. Together, these results indicate that IFN-I response favors parasite growth at the site of infection. T. cruzi -induced IFN-I production results in increased monocyte and decreased neutrophil recruitment to the infection site, but depletion of these cells in mice had a minimal role in affecting parasite growth. Future studies will investigate the mechanism of IFN-I mediated enhancement of parasite growth and the overall impact of cGAS-STING activation in parasite control.


Let X = (X(t):t ≥ 0) be a Lévy process and X ∊ the compensated sum of jumps not exceeding ∊ in absolute value, σ2(∊) = var(X ∊(1)). In simulation, X - X ∊ is easily generated as the sum of a Brownian term and a compound Poisson one, and we investigate here when X ∊/σ(∊) can be approximated by another Brownian term. A necessary and sufficient condition in terms of σ(∊) is given, and it is shown that when the condition fails, the behaviour of X ∊/σ(∊) can be quite intricate. This condition is also related to the decay of terms in series expansions. We further discuss error rates in terms of Berry-Esseen bounds and Edgeworth approximations.


During the past four years, acting under the auspices of the US Department of Energy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory has built and operated in the United States photovoltaic power-generating systems ranging in size from less than 1 kWp to 100 kWp. Slightly more than 11,000 modules from several manufactures have been utilized at these sites with a cumulative number of electrical failures of approximately 2%. Discussion is presented of module performance at two of these sites; a 25-kWp array field at Mead, Nebraska, and a 100-kWp array field at Natural Bridges National Monument, Utah. Data and photographs of module failures, failure modes, physical and electrical degradation, and array diagnostics are presented for each of the five different types of modules utilized at these sites.


A 2-year-old boy was admitted as an emergency because of ingestion of a button battery. Upper endoscopy revealed a foreign body and circumferential mucosal necrosis at the proximal esophagus. The battery was removed using foreignbody forceps, and esophagography 1 week later showed no complications. However, a further week later, the child returned with oral intolerance and respiratory distress. Endoscopy revealed a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), and he underwent surgery with tracheal and esophageal suturing with muscle flap interposition. There was no clinical improvement and esophagography confirmed persistence of the TEF. The child was referred to us for endoscopic closure (▶Video 1). Upper endoscopy revealed a 4-mm esophageal stricture with associated TEF (▶Fig. 1). A fully covered 10×60-mm biliary self-expandable metal stent was placed, traversing the stricture and covering the TEF orifice; contrast extravasation was not seen (▶Fig. 2). A modified Shim technique [1] was applied to avoid stent migration: an endoloop attached to a silk thread was attached to the proximal stent lasso (▶Fig. 3), with the other end of the silk thread being taken round the patient's ear. Despite initial clinical improvement, a later increase of tracheal secretions as well as computed tomography scan confirmed TEF persistence. Upper endoscopy revealed no stent migration but incomplete apposition between the stent and mucosa (▶Fig. 4). Foreign-body forceps were used to reposition the stent 2 cm proximally; fluoroscopy showed no contrast extravasation (▶Fig. 5). Despite clinical improvement, the patient later underwent surgery again, with esophageal suturing, interposition graft with tibial periosteum tissue, and stent removal. The boy remains well 4 months later, without TEF recurrence and with stricture resolution. The small size of the pediatric esophagus and unavailability of dedicated pediatric stents makes esophageal stenting in small children challenging. Most of the literature reports describe treatment of strictures refractory to dilation [2]; however stent migration may occur in up to 29% of pediatric patients [3]. In this case, we were able to seal a TEF and remodel an esophageal stricture using a modified Shim technique [1] that effectively prevented biliary stent migration.


: łańcuch dostaw, dojrzałość łańcucha dostaw, współpraca, współpraca part-nerska, globalizacja. Summary: The article discusses the relationship between partner cooperation and the level of supply chain maturity in the conditions of globalization. The level of supply chain maturity was taken into account as a factor determining the establishment of partner cooperation between the links in the supply chain. As a consequence, an attempt was made to identify benefits and threats for individual participants in the supply chain. The article consists of five parts. The first part is the introduction. The second one concerns the maturity of the supply chain, the third covers the explanation of the importance of partner cooperation, and in the fourth attempt was made to indicate the premises of partner cooperation in the supply chain through the prism of supply chain maturity. The last part is a case study.


A generic VHDL-AMSmodelformolecular-gated nanowire FET ispresented. Thiscompactmodeling aimedat reproducing thespecific electrical characteristics ofthis newclass ofdevices, combining accuracy forcircuits functional analysis withefficient simulation time. Threedifferent devices havebeen successfully modeled andsimulated. Comparison toexperimental datashowsverygoodaccordance.


This article reconsiders the relations between Immanuel Kant and Michel Foucault's essays on the Enlightenment and adds Giorgio Agamben's essay "What is an Apparatus?" to this constellation. It explores, specifically, the relations between Foucault's definition of enlightenment and the central notion of Agamben's philosophy: potentiality. The relation between potentiality and enlightenment is then mobilized in the article in the context of a discussion of technology in Kant, Foucault, and Agamben. What might be the relevance of the relation between Foucault's enlightenment and Agamben's potentiality for our understanding of technological developments today? The article engages with this question through a discussion of Foucault's writings on the care of the self, Agamben's theory of art, and Bernard Stiegler's work on technology. It closes with a discussion of an artwork that stages the dramatic relation between all of these texts.


Analysis of the microstructural parameters of ice has been an important part of ice core analyses so far mainly in polar cores in order to obtain information about physical processes (e.g. deformation, recrystallisation) on the micro- and macro-scale within an ice body.
More recently the influence of impurities and climatic conditions during snow accumulation on these processes has come into focus. A deeper understanding of how palaeoclimate proxies interact with physical properties of the ice matrix bears relevance for palaeoclimatic interpretations, improved geophysical measurement techniques and the furthering of ice dynamical modeling.
Variations in microstructural parameters e.g. crystal orientation fabric or grain size can be observed on a scale of hundreds and tens of metres but also on a centimetre scale. The underlying processes are not necessarily the same on all scales. Especially for the short-scale variations many questions remain unanswered.
The observed changes in anisotropy resulting from these distinct short-scale variations are deemed strong enough to be the cause of englacial seismic reflections that were recorded during measurements on Colle Gnifetti, Switzerland/Italy, in 2010.
Fabric Analyser measurements were conducted on ice samples from different depth ranges of a cold Alpine ice core (72 m length) drilled in 2013 at Colle Gnifetti and located on the earlier seismic profile line.
Results were obtained by automatic image processing, providing estimates for grain size distributions and crystal orientation fabric.
A first estimate of the causal relationship between the short-scale anisotropy structure and the englacial seismic reflections is presented. The relevance of these results for palaeoclimate reconstruction are discussed.


Success of a car manufacturer in a market as competitive as the automobile market is extremely fragile. Citroen is a case in point : following a slack period in 1998 when annual production was only 900,000 vehicles, the past ten years at Citro'n have been consistently good with a strong growth phase, sales of 1.5 million vehicles, and a range of models which have re-established the innovative Citro'n character. Since the appointment of Claude Satinet to the position of managing director in 1998 when sales were at their lowest, Citroen has increased the opportunities to distance itself from its competitors by emphasising its design, and using a brand strategy with the name 'Citroen' very clearly visible throughout the range of its products.


Rodingite was discovered in the contact zone between amphibolite and serpentinitized ultramafic rock in mantle wedge of the upper subduction zone,Dongdegou,southwestern Tianshan Mountains. According to the degree of rodingitization,three rock types can be classified: amphibolite,rodingitized amphibolite and rodingite; corresponding mineral assemblies are: amphibole + andesine + quartz + titanite + apatite ± salite; amphibole + anorthite + diopside + clinozoisite + chlorite ± calcite; clinozoisite + grossularite + diopside + chlorite + calcite. Mineral chemistry and their major element characteristics of the rodingitic rocks show that metasomatic fluid is abundant in Ca and Al . Compared with the rodingitizition metasomatism occurred in ocean floor,the fluid contained in rodingitized rock here is much less intensive. Mass balance calculation also indicates that the convertion of amphibolite into rodingite is under the condition of enriched Ca and Al fluid. Further more,Mg adds into the rock in the early stage,but obviously decreases in the late stage during rodingitization.


Inflammation is a normal protective response to tissue injury which involves a complex array of enzyme activation, mediator release, fluid extravasations, cell migration, tissue breakdown, and repair.[1] It is characterized by redness, swelling, pain, stiffness of joint, and loss of joint function. Inflammation is associated with membrane alterations, increase in vascular permeability, and protein denaturation.[2] Arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic autoimmune disorder. It is an inflammation of synovial joint due to immunemediated response.[3] One-fifth of the world's elderly suffer with arthritis.[4] The current treatment of arthritis includes minimization of this associated pain and inflammation using non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as well as deceleration of disease progression using anti-rheumatic drugs.[5,6] Due to adverse reactions of the NSAIDs and diseaseResearch Article


The two most commonly used dwarfing genes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are Rht1 and Rht2. The Rht3 gene is also a potent dwarfing gene. Information in the literature is limited as to the comparative effects of these genes on transpiration efficiency (TE) and water-use efficiency (WUE). Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as a criterion to select for improved TE. Four near-isogenic lines, rhtrht, Rht1Rht1, Rht2Rht2, and Rht3Rht3, in «Maringa» bread wheat background and four of their near-isogenic F 1 hybrids derived from crossing the original lines were used to determine the effects of dwarfing genes on plant height, root dry matter, shoot dry matter including grains, grain yield, total dry matter (TDM), TE (TDM/water transpired), WUE (grain yield/water used), and Δ in well-watered and droughted pot experiments in the glasshouse [...]


Fungicides are pesticides that specifically inhibit or kill fungi underlying diseases important to man. Understanding mechanisms of fungicide action and toxicity is important because humans and domesticated animals encounter these pesticides through a wide variety of applications. The increasing knowledge of the reproductive toxicity of environmental chemicals has raised public concern. Fungicides disrupt structure and development of testis and epididymis along with decrease in male fertility, including a decline of sperm count, decreased sperm motility parameters and production of oxidative stress. The present article reviews the advances in the studies of male reproductive toxicity of fungicides in experimental animals, discusses the mechanism of male reproductive toxicity of pesticides and raises some problems concerning the evaluation of human reproductive hazards.


Benign bone tumors are common. They usually are fibrous, chondromatous, osseous, or mesenchymal in origin. The fibrous group, those arising from fibrous tissues, are most common, and are discussed in Part I of this two-part article. The chondromatous group will be discussed in the next issue of Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology. Benign osseous tumors, which are less common, include osteoma and osteoid osteoma and will be covered in the chondromatous group. Tumors of mesenchymal origin, such as hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, usually produce multiloculated cystic lesions and often are multiple. They are not discussed in this article.


This report was developed by ICF under USAID's Energy Efficiency for Clean Development Program (EECDP), a Leader with Associates Award Cooperative Agreement. EECDP promotes sustained and achievable reductions in energy use and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through analysis and capacity building. Since 2011, EECDP has worked with USAID missions globally on projects addressing key questions and critical barriers around energy efficiency to enable strategies that can be expanded across countries and regions. Project locations include Bangladesh, El Salvador, Ghana, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Mozambique, South Africa, and Tanzania.


The spaces of invariants of tensor powers of the defining representation of Sp(2n) are provided with the bases parametrized by symplectic wave graphs introduced here especially for this purpose. The proof utilizes a game similar to Tetris, named here S-tris. This work continues my previous work on the tensor invariants of SL(n), wave graphs and L-tris.


This article develops condence interval procedures for functions of simple, partial, and squared multiple correlation coecien ts. It is assumed that the observed multivariate data represent a random sample from a distribution that possesses nite moments, but there is no requirement that the distribution be normal. The coverage error of conventional one-sided large sample intervals decreases at rate 1= p n as n increases, where n is an index of sample size. The coverage error of the proposed intervals decreases at rate 1=n as n increases. The results of a simulation study that evaluates the performance of the proposed intervals is reported and the intervals are illustrated on a real data set.


This paper attempts to discuss and contrast "moral sentiments" versus "ethic concerns", to further exemplify the potential implications and effects resulted from blending these two concepts into the construct of the study on life and death. "Moral sentiments" rely on the elements of "self-disciplines" and "moral reflections" within the entities who exercise moral thinking themselves. "Ethic concerns" depend on the perspective of "community ethics", with the norm of general consensus in the society. The paper located the construct of the study on life and death on the basis of the difference between Mencius and Hsun Tzu toward "moral sentiments" and "ethic concerns". The difference between the thoughts of Mencius and Hsun Tzu leads to a slight variation in expressing the "ultimate concern". The author contemplates on the appropriateness and the validity of euthanasia from perspectives of "moral sentiments" and "ethic concerns". The exploration upon euthanasia would help evaluate the contemporary implications of the construct of the study on life and death. The author indicates that, based on analysis, the "moral sentiments" viewpoint upholds "no one can be determined to be killed on 'mercy'". However, the "ethic concerns" viewpoint tends to agree with, with discreet, the use of euthanasia. If we regard the interaction and development of these two extremes as important, it would help fully build up the construct of the study on life and death.


The formation of a self-guided beam pattern via optical trapping in a suspension of Rayleigh scatterers is studied. An analytic self-guided solution is presented that is valid for low intensities. A numerical solution of the coupled diffusion and optical-wave equations is presented, which shows an evolution toward a steady state that is independent of the initial optical beam shape. At higher intensities, the numerical solution shows the influence of higher-order nonlinearities, which lead to instability. We define a critical optical intensity, in terms of the particle size, refractive index contrast, and thermal energy, that characterizes the onset of higher-order effects. Instability is found that is consistent with past parametric studies of solitons.


The advent of Public Law 99-457, the Education of the Handicapped Amendments, represents a major recognition of the needs of infants and toddlers who are handicapped or at-risk for developing disabilities and their families. With the burgeoning of programs throughout the United States, comprehensive resources are needed to guide implementation of effective early intervention services. Hanson and Lynch provide a practical approach to designing quality programs that facilitate the development of infants and toddlers, and support families. The authors define early intervention as a "comprehensive cluster of services that incorporate goals in education, health care, and social service . . . for children ranging in age from birth to 3 years" (p. xiii). Hanson and Lynch also present clearly the philosophy and biases reflected in the book. The major principles guiding implementation of early intervention services for them are (a) a transactional model of child development; (b) a family-focused model; (c) a collaborative, community-based, interdisciplinary approach; (d) a comprehensive continuum of


The Frank family played a very prominent role in Croatian political history. The most important figure among them was Josip Frank. His son, Ivo Frank, followed father's political path. Until 1918, he supported a solution of the Croatian question within the framework of Austria-Hungary, believing that the specific national interests of Croats and other national communities within that historical union would be best solved under the Habsburg dynasty.


If we talk about any real world situation then we can see that all the situationsdramatically changes as the time passes. If we say this statement in some technical form,concepts changes gradually. This situation is called as Concept Drift that is the core ofany approach. Until we cannot get the accurate output for a given input parameter, theconcepts will concurrently change. To overcome this situation we use a programmableapproach that is Classifier Ensembles in which we combine several outputs and form asingle output from several. Other thing we get about is Decision Tree that is a verypopular ensemble method because Decision Trees are unstable classifiers whose outputundergoes significant changes. Data transformation is a process by which the problemrepresentation is changed and we have to manipulate the problems by using some usefultechniques. This paper firstly focuses on the popular ensembles methods, the overview ofdecision tree and uses the concept of classifier ensemble with respect to decision trees.There are mainly two problems associated with data transformation and we havedifferent approaches to resolve these problems. In this paper we consider a single noveltransformation method to resolve these problems. Keywords: Ensemble, decision trees, data, transformation method


Koolhaas' perspective on urbanism differs from the modern urbanism and typological urbanism. The Melun-Senart masterplan, La Defense masterplan shows unique characteristic different from that of conventional urbanism. The roots of this creative approach can be found in the traits of his research with O.M. Ungers back in the 1970s. Koolhaas and Ungers have collaborated intimately from 1972 to 1977 to work on urban projects. This collaboration reaches its cilmax in their project City in the City, where many of Koolhaas' core concepts such as archipelago, void/solid, plurality, infrastructure, congestion, and social condenser are introduced. This thesis will explore the development of these concepts in their collaboration and shed new light on how this period has made a transition into Koolhaas' perspective on urbanism and architecture as well as his works. The purpose of this study is to investigate these core concepts of Koolhaas in City in the City, and to find the development and the meaning of these concepts in his projects.


Objective To evaluate the effect of early nursing interventions on the dysphagia of strok e patients.Methods The randomized controlled trials (RCT) on early nursing interventions were collected using the database such as Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP),China national knowledge internet (CNKI) and Wanfang Database.The results were analyzed with RevMan5.2 Software.Resuits Six studies were included in the study.The dysphagia recovery rate was significandy increased in the intervention group.Conclusions Early nursing interventions can effectively promote the dysphagia function recovery of stroke patients.

Key words:
Intervention nursing;  Stroke;  Dysphagia;  Meta analysis


ABSTRACT In "Freedom and Resentment," P.F. Strawson argues that since the reactive attitudes are psychologically unavoidable, they do not stand in need of justification from philosophical theorizing about the metaphysical conditions necessary for free action. After reviewing and criticizing this line of argument, we develop an alternative account of how the reactive attitudes can be justified through a feature of our psychology. This new account focuses upon a collection of cognitive mechanisms identified by cognitive neuroscience, which recognize human beings (and other minded beings) and which also give rise to a gut feeling that certain entities are possible targets for the reactive attitudes. By focusing on the justificatory power of this gut feeling, we arrive at an account of moral responsibility that places psychology before metaphysics in a manner broadly similar to Strawson's original account, but in a way that avoids some of the shortcomings of that account.


The results of empirical research carried out on success factors in the field of information transfer are presented. Based on a mail survey of managers of information resource units (IRUs) in the Federal Republic of Germany, factors were identified which allow and facilitate information transfer processes between information providers and information seekers. The following three factors emerged as most significant: quality of information services and products (currency, precision, comprehensiveness etc); openness of IRU staff to user/client wishes; and sills and qualifications of IRU staff (in the field of information and documentation)


This paper examines the threats posed to the environment by the shipping industry in general and particularly the oil tanker industry, and discusses the three lines of defence that should be adopted: prevention of accidents, reduction of consequences and contingency planning and response to oil pollution.


Abstract : Commercial thermal matching media such as thermal grease are normally basing on silver. By adding a suitable amount of the CNTs into the commercial silver paste, it is expected to improve the conductivity and the performance of any high power electronic components such as micro-processor, high power laser, high power LED for lighting, and so on. In this research, CNT materials were successfully functionalized to form CNT-COOH and CNT-C6H4NH2. The functionalized CNTs material was added to a commercially available thermal paste up to 2% and still keeping the sticking properties of the paste. This 2% CNT-thermal paste was shown to reduce the temperature of the micro processor down to 65 deg C, prolong the thermal rise time and work without reducing the CPU performance for more than 10 days in full load and even up to 125% CPU usage mode without exceeding the safe operating temperature. Analytical calculations were carried out and verified with experiment data.


The invention provides a control station equipment, a communication equipment, the control method and the wireless communication system. The control station equipment has wireless communication with a plurality of communication equipments and transmits data to the communication equipment. The control station equipment receives the identification information of other communication equipments having wireless communication with the communication equipment from every one of the communication equipments. Based on the receiving identification information, at least one relay equipment transmitted by the relay data is chosen from a plurality of communication equipments. The relay of the choosing relay equipment is confirmed the communication timing. The choosing relay equipment is informed for order of the data relay and the communication timing. The control station chooses the relay equipment, ensuring existing the communication equipment receiving data from the control station equipment through two or more transmission routes.


I show that strong bars can grow in galactic disks, even when the latter are immersed in halos whose mass within the disk radius is comparable to, or larger than, the mass of the disk. I argue that this is due to the response of the halo and in particular to the destabilizing influence of the halo resonant stars. Via this instability mechanism, the halo can stimulate, rather than restrain, the growth of the bar.


The purpose of this study was to investigate how the weakening and repair of the working alliance in short-term psychotherapies relate to change in therapy. In six short-term, timelimited therapies, weakenings and repairs were identified with a unitized process ratings scale. Though the data must be considered preliminary, interesting relations emerged. Patients with greater ego strength had a higher initial quality of alliance with their therapist and were better able to work to repair any weakenings. These patients also exhibited a growing use of observing ego in their increasing ability to initiate talk about weakenings. Highest levels of patient alliance were preceded by high levels of therapist repair action. The success with which weakenings and repairs were handled was predictive of the general outcome of therapy. Surprisingly, more frequent interpretations of transference allusions were associated with poor outcome. The working alliance is defined as the relatively nonneurotic, rational rapport between the patient's observing ego and the analyst's analyzing ego. An essential aspect of this alliance is the ability to split one's observing ego from one's experiencing ego, and to ally the observing ego with the therapist's analytic stance (Dickes, 1975; Freud, 1933; Sterba, 1934; Zetzel, 1956). The ability to form and maintain a working alliance is related to the soundness of a person's object relations or psychological health (Dickes, 1975; Greenson, 1965; Ryan, 1973; Zetzel, 1956). Development of the alliance is benefited by active therapist participation in fostering the alliance (Greenson, 1965; Lehrke, 1978; Sterba, 1934), and is diminished by resistances. However, analysis of resistance can strengthen the development of the alliance (Sandier, Dare, & Holder, 1973). The strength of the alliance should be expected to vary over the course of any given therapy. Bordin (1976, 1980) proposed the idea that psychotherapy was best understood as the building and repair of a strong working alliance. He viewed this building and repair as the mutual resolution of difficulties in working together, and considered it to be the process that allowed change to occur. In this context, the building and repair of the alliance


172Background: Differentiated minute submucosal cancers ≤ 3 cm that exhibit no lymphovascular invasion are considered eligible for endoscopic resection; however, the ≤ 3 cm criterion remains debatable. The aim of this study was to verify the optimal tumor size cutoff for endoscopic resection eligibility, and to determine whether two-dimensional tumor size measurement would be more accurate for this purpose. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 574 patients undergoing curative surgery for differentiated minute submucosal cancer were reviewed retrospectively. A receiver operating curve analysis and bootstrapped samples were used to identify the optimal cutoff values for predicting lymph node (LN) metastasis. Results: Four hundred fourteen patients were eligible for the study.LN metastasis accompanied 2.5% of differentiated minute submucosal cancers that were ≤ 3 cm in size and lacked lymphovascular invasion. There was no lymph node metastasis in the tumors with 1D sizes ≤ 1.0 cm and 2D sizes ≤ 1.0 cm2. ...


With the development of the times and the rapid progress of science and technology, blockchain technology has been widely used in various industries. With the intensification of social competitiveness, the employment situation in the job market in recent years is more severe. For employers, using blockchain technology to help human resource management can improve work efficiency while saving related resource costs. Therefore, blockchain technology has also been widely used in human resource management. This article will conduct a more in-depth analysis and research on the application prospects of blockchain technology in human resource management in the future.


Several cDNA clones of the La antigen recog- nized by certain lupus autoantibodies were isolated from kgtll expression libraries made from human liver. Recombinant clones were used to hybrid-select HeLa cell mRNA that was subsequently translated in vitro into a single protein species that comigrated with HeLa cell La protein. The in vitro trans- lated protein was reactive with anti-La patient sera and was identical to the authentic La protein by peptide mapping. By analyzing overlapping cDNA clones, we mapped an antigenic site of La protein at the terminal 12% of the carboxyl end of the molecule. Within this region we identified a unique deca- peptide of high hydrophilicity that may constitute a La anti- genic determinant. We further demonstrated that the La anti- gen expressed from the recombinant clones can be used in a definitive enzyme-linked assay (ELISA) for the classification of sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.


With the rapid development of space technology, the scale of human space exploration is expanding significantly. However, the growing demand for deep space travel cannot be met with conventional chemical engines. Thus, the need for new mechanisms for providing jet thrust, including electric motors, becomes clear. Electric propulsion technology has significant advantages over traditional chemical engines in deep space flight due to its characteristics such as high specific impulse, small size, long service life. A negative feature of electric motors can be called low thrust, however, firstly, in open space this is insignificant and, secondly, the thrust of electric motors can be significantly increased, and for this, there are reserves available at the current level of technology development. Ways to increase the thrust of electric ion thrusters will be detailed and discussed in this work. The increase in the power of ion engines is limited to a large extent by the erosion of the control grids; the ion flow hits the surface of the solid material of the control grid electrode with energetic ions and gradually leads to the failure of this electrode. In this work, the authors will show that the use of field emission as a source of electron beams ionizing the working medium can solve the problem of erosion of control electrodes, due to which it will be possible to significantly increase the strength of the working fields for ion engines, which in turn will increase the specific impulse, efficiency, flow rate and power of the ion engine as a whole.


Although many promises of information technology have been realized, the long-predicted paperless society remains largely elusive. Companies continue to struggle with burgeoning paper files, most of which are produced by the same information technology that promised to eliminate paper. Most businesses still rely heavily on the storage and retrieval of hard copies of important documents and need extensive space for these materials. Consultant Mitchell Weiss suggests that for most companies, paper storage volumes are increasing by 25 percent each year. Weiss emphasizes that the costs of managing paper storage go far beyond costs for storage alone. He notes that, while filing or retrieving a single document may cost as much as $20, the time spent locating a misfiled document may cost as much as $125.1 The management of enterprise documents therefore is critical if an organization is to use its work force efficiently and maintain its competitiveness. Miller suggests that the enterprise can be viewed as a series of linked processes and that documents serve as the information carriers making up the linkages. To the extent that such linkages are paper-based, Miller believes that these represent virtually unlimited opportunities for improving productivity.2 An important application in modern document management systems is document imaging. Avedon defines document imaging as "an automated system to store, retrieve, transmit, process and manage documents...[electronic imaging systems] preserve the visual and spatial characteristics and appearance of the original paper document, including handwritten and machine created text, graphics, photographs and engineering drawings and even fingerprints."3 The latest imaging systems also provide such management features as document sharing, multiple indexing, routing and tracking of documents. Purpose of the Study Document imaging is a fundamental change in the way an organization manages its stores of information. As Avedon puts it, "the paperwork problem is actually part of a bigger business problem. The larger problem is developing methods of increasing white-collar productivity and the quality of output. To accomplish this, the entire business process of an organization must be reviewed and usually changed." The purpose of this study is to learn more about the decision process and the satisfaction of an organization that has adopted a document imaging system. For example: What prompts a business to adopt an electronic storage and retrieval system? What events or constraints precipitated the switch? What is the best way to manage the implementation process? Do the benefits of such a system outweigh the costs of obtaining and implementing it? Methodology An effective way to answer these questions is to study an organization that recently adopted such a system. The Controller's Office at Utah State University recently implemented a document imaging system and staffers continue to find additional applications for the technology. Key personnel within the Controller 's Office were contacted to determine if they would share their experiences in implementing imaging technology. They were very cooperative and willing to allow an outside study of their new system. Accordingly, arrangements were made to first survey the participants to make them aware of the types of issues and concerns of interest to the authors and to encourage them to begin documenting their experiences. An advance questionnaire was developed that broke the evaluation into five parts: 1. The reasoning behind the decision to change to a document imaging system; 2. Working environment changes resulting from the new system; 3. The costs associated with acquiring and implementing the new system; 4. The impact of the new system on customers of the organization; and 5. An overall evaluation of the system. Since the primary purpose of the survey was to assess the feelings of the involved employees regarding the document imaging system, all survey questions were open-ended. …


As it is difficult to interrupt the high di/dt fault current in DC power system,a scheme of DC hybrid current limiting circuit breaker based on high speed electro-magnetic repulsion switch is presented.The working principle and parameter design of current limiting circuit breaker and the performance of high speed electro-magnetic repulsion switch are analyzed.The current limiting characteristics are analyzed by EMTP simulation for different di/dt,which show that,the DC prospective fault current of 100 kA/5 ms is limited below 16 kA in less than 2 ms;the interrupting time decreases with the di/dt increases and the interrupting time approaches 1 ms when the di/dt increases near 20 A/μs.The test of short-circuit interrupting with the prospective fault current of 30 kA/3 ms for generator-rectifier system validates the simulative results and the effective function of the current limiting circuit breaker.


cept of mental processes that William James derived from the empiricists. He went from Hegel in his Psychology (which predated James's Principles of Psychology) to follow his physicist daughter Jane, who worked with Niels Bohr, into particle physics, and to collaborate with Arthur Bentley on a linguistic analysis of mathematics. But just as the monumental achievement of Auerbach's book muted his specialized critics, Richardson's work has an incandescent focus that obliges the reader to accept and generally to embrace her outlines of an American aesthetic. For all that she omits, what she asserts is certainly a highly original and permanently useful contribution to the understanding of the American identity and its distinctive character.


The main objective is to develop a database containing the evidence collected during Task 2.1, the State of the Art review, and to provide open access to its contents. HEIRRI Work Package 2 Stock taking / Inventorying


The invasive behaviors of cancer nests are the main reflects of invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC)'s malignant biological behavior.In present work,the authors adopted the image processing method to extract mathematical parameters of IDC cancer nests which were specifically stained by immunohis to chemical method.The relationship between cancer nests' parameters and patients' disease free survival was studied.There were 8 mathematical parameters extracted.Multivariate analysis showed that total perimeter(P=0.043) and circularity(P=0.015) of cancer nests were independent impact factors of patients' disease free survival.The hazard risk ratios of total perimeter and circularity were 1.518(95% CI [1.013-2.273]) and 1.682(95% CI [1.107-2.555]) respectively,which were higher than that of lymph node staging(1.361,95% CI [1.085-1.706]) and lower than that of histological grading(4.685,95% CI [2.865-7.660]).Results of this study indicated that analysis on mathematical parameters of cancer nest is helpful to predict the prognostic information of early stage breast cancer patients without node metastasis.


Penile Kaposi's Sarcoma A 49-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection presented with ulcerated, violaceous lesions on the penis. Biopsy was performed, and a diagnosis of Kaposi's sa...


A few tickets are left for the Mayor of Wellingborough's spring ball. The mayor, Cllr Jim Bass, will host the fundraising event on Saturday 21 March and there are a couple of weeks left to snap up the final few tables.


Mental Health Act (1987) was notified by the Central Government in 1990.It took several more years for the State Governments to notify the rules required for its implementation. Even then actual implementation was delayed in most states till about four years back when Supreme Court during its hearings of the Public Interest Litigation (Writ petition 334 of 2001) on Erwady tragedy found that the Act had hardly been implemented. Although the profession has been aware and critical of some provisions of the act right since 1990 (Kala,1997),its actual implementation in the field has thrown up many more incongruities(Trivedi,2002) .The Indian Psychiatric Society, during 1999 held a a series of seminars around the country on the subject which culminated in a national seminar. The consensus was overwhelmingly for a change. Since the actual implementation of the act, this consensus has evolved into a clamour. However two myths about Mental Health Act have managed to persist in the collective mind of the profession. The first of these two myths is that it is unkind to the psychiatrists in the private sector (implying that psychiatrists in government hospitals have no problem with it). Till some years back at professional fora, a well meaning colleague in a government hospital would advise his counterpart in private practice " It is a good Act; you should not resist it. " The fact of the matter is that while private psychiatrists have more or less weathered the storm of compulsory licensing even though, in place like Chhattisgarh, authorities in a bizarre blitzkrieg wanted even OPD's to be licensed, the reality is dawning only now that Mental Health Act is so irrational towards Government psychiatric services that it simply cannot be followed. Section 19 & 20 of the Act which govern the involuntary admissions lay down that, involuntary admissions can be done only at psychiatric hospitals and section 2(q) of the Act specifically excludes psychiatric wards of government general hospitals from definition of psychiatric hospitals or nursing homes. Thus we have a situation where involuntary admissions are illegal in all the 100 odd departments of psychiatry of government medical colleges and several non-teaching government general hospitals. Thus, hundreds of involuntary admissions of acutely disturbed patients done in government GHPU's throughout the length & breadth of the country on the basis of a relative's signature are illegal (unless the patient is a minor) and the psychiatrists who enforces any …


Purpose – The paper's aim is to investigate improvement of strength and adhesion of silicone‐acrylic hybrid systems.Design/methodology/approach – The presence of Si‐C bonds in phenyl silicone should be able to improve strength, adhesion and thermal properties of phenyl silicone‐acrylic polyol coating. Different weight ratios of phenyl silicone and acrylic polyol resins were blended in order to obtain the composition for optimum strength, adhesion and thermal properties. Strength was evaluated using an impact resistance tester. Coating adhesion was studied by measuring the contact angle and performing cross hatch cutting. The thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry.Findings – Blending phenyl silicone intermediate resin with acrylic polyol resin showed significant improvement in strength and adhesion properties compared to pure acrylic polyol resin. This paper shows that the composition of such coatings influences the glass transition temperature (Tg), which in turn affects t...


Rice grain yield prediction with UAV-driven multispectral images are re-emerging interests in precision agriculture, and an optimal sensing time is an important factor. The aims of this study were to (1) predict rice grain yield by using the estimated aboveground biomass (AGB) and leaf area index (LAI) from vegetation indices (VIs) and (2) determine the optimal sensing time in estimating AGB and LAI using VIs for grain yield prediction. An experimental trial was conducted in 2020 and 2021, involving two fertility conditions and five japonica rice cultivars (Aichinokaori, Asahi, Hatsushimo, Nakate Shinsenbon, and Nikomaru). Multi-temporal VIs were used to estimate AGB and LAI throughout the growth period with the extreme gradient boosting model and Gompertz model. The optimum time windows for predicting yield for each cultivar were determined using a single-day linear regression model. The results show that AGB and LAI could be estimated from VIs (R2: 0.56–0.83 and 0.57–0.73), and the optimum time window for UAV flights differed between cultivars, ranging from 4 to 31 days between the tillering stage and the initial heading stage. These findings help researchers to save resources and time for numerous UAV flights to predict rice grain yield.


Along with the development of digitalized hospitals,it has been being more and more important how to improve the effective of nursing and how to share the clinic data between doctors and nurses.The article describes the construction and implementation of a ward nursing system in Ruijin Hospital.


PVC matrix membrane electrodes, which are composed of dioctyl phenylphosphonate (DOPP) as a plasticizer and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTCPB) as a lipophilic anionic additive, without any other ionophore, exhibit appreciable Li+-selectivity. The electrode has selectivity coefficients (logkLiMPot for Li+ over Na+ up to −1.2, over K+ up to −1.8, over Mg2+ up to −1.8, and over Ca2+ up to −1.2. The detection limit for Li+ was about 5.0×10−5 mol dm−3.


The vehicle monitoring system was applied in real-time dynamic monitoring about pipeline distributing area and vehicle on the pipe laying is Sinkiang.The dynamic monitors on pipeline distributing area can be used to help manager improve the administrant efficiency.Meanwhile as the part of pipelines informationalized management,the information of pipeline distribution and the measure of superintendence and control on vehicle will be acquired by the manager.So the system aims to improve the efficiency in managing pipe distribution,providing the reference on informationalized management of pipelines.


We study the number of factorizations of a positive integer, where the parts of the factorization are of l different colors (or kinds). Recursive or explicit formulas are derived for the case of unordered and ordered, distinct and non-distinct factorizations with at most and exactly l colors.


This disclosure provides a membrane separation method and a cell culture apparatus of the cell capable of adequately separating cells and debris suspension. That is, with the inlet opening formed in one side, is formed on the other side also has the outlet opening of which communicates with the inlet opening, the inlet opening and the outlet opening are arranged in shifted position in a direction parallel to the film surface by using a membrane which carries out the membrane separation process of the cell suspension.


The utility model discloses an electronically controlled single-loop water plugging and overburden rock fracture detector. Firstly, the electronically controlled single-loop water plugging and overburden rock fracture detector is prepared; the detector is respectively provided with an upper hole sealing capsule and a lower hole sealing capsule at two ends of a connecting tube; an electronically controlled water flow adjuster is arranged inside the lower hole sealing capsule; a water inlet pipe of the detector is directly connected to a drill stem of a drilling machine in use and jacked into a drill hole by the drill stem; and an injection observation device is connected to a water inlet pipeline of the drill stem to detect. The electronically controlled single-loop water plugging and overburden rock fracture detector adopts the same loop to plug and inject, and does not need to be externally connected with a high-pressure air tube. Thus, the problem that the hole cannot be effectively plugged due to the fact that the high-pressure air tube cracks because of friction and extrusion with the wall of the drill hole; a detection system is simplified; the operation steps are simplified; and the water-plugging reliability is greatly improved.


Introduction: Central nervous system tumors are rare; in 2015 they represented approximately 1.4% of new cancer diagnoses, causing 2.6% of deaths by cancer that year. In Colombia, there are few reports on the epidemiology of brain tumors, and those that exist are local databases that do not have a rigorous and massive registry. Due to limited epidemiological information in our country, this document aims to characterize the epidemiology of brain tumors in Colombia over a 10-year period. Methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted, using databases of population-based cancer registries in Colombia. We extracted information from a 10-year period recorded in patients with tumors without age group restriction. A descriptive analysis was carried out for all the variables considered, the incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 person years were calculated. Statistical software Stata 14.0 was used. Results: Our analysis was performed with a population of 775 adult patients and 123 pediatric patients, with an incidence of 1.55 per 100.000 individuals in the pediatric population and 3.19 per 100.000 individuals in the adult population. The mortality rate for pediatric and adult patients was 0.063 per 100.000 individuals and 1.86 per 100.000 individuals respectively. The most frequent tumors in the pediatric age group were neuroepithelial tumors, embryonal tumors and ependymal tumors, whereas for adults, the most frequent were neuroepithelial tumors, meningiomas and hematolymphoid tumors. Conclusions: This study constitutes the most recent work on the epidemiology of brain tumors in Colombia. There was a clear general underreporting and statistics lower than those compared with the literature. It is intended to expand coverage and data collection in population-based cancer registries.


During the mid-1970s, following the first oil embargo, heat pumps became of great interest to northern U. S. electric power companies, particularly for those experiencing large peak demands during the heating season, as shortages of natural gas and oil led to increased usage of direct electric heating. Air-source heat pumps (ASHP), given their wider market presence relative to other heat pump types, almost universal applicability, and inherent efficiency and capacity issues at cold outdoor temperatures were of primary interest as an electrical heating system alternative at that time. ASHPs based on the simple vapor compression cycle suffer both heating capacity (output) and efficiency (coefficient of performance or COP) degradation as the outdoor ambient temperature drops. At the same time, building heat demand is increasing so ASHPs require a supplemental heating source – usually direct electric resistance heating elements to bridge the gap between the building heat demand and the ASHP heating output. This feature causes lower seasonal performance and limits peak electric demand reduction potential leading to limited acceptance of ASHPs in areas that experience large numbers of hours at cold temperatures (loosely defined as ≤-7°C for purposes of Annex 41). A primary criterion for ASHPs to achieve good seasonal performance in cold areas is achieving high heating output at low ambient temperatures so as to minimize reliance on supplemental heat sources and maximize the overall system heating seasonal performance factor (HSPF or SPFh).


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the distribution of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CAPN10 gene in Chinese population and their relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han people of Northern China.

METHODS
CAPN10 gene was sequenced to detect SNPs in 27 samples of different nationalities in China. 5 SNPs were genotyped with single-base extension (SBE) method to perform case-control study in 156 normal Han people of Northern China and 173 type 2 diabetes and the 3 positive loci reported in the article were performed haplotype analysis. One positive locus was also analyzed with transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT) and sib transmission-disequilibrium test (STDT) in 68 type 2 diabetes pedigrees (377 cases).

RESULTS
A total of 40 SNPs were identified in length of 8,936 bp, with an average of 1 in every 223 bp; The SNPs in CAPN10 gene did not distribute evenly and the SNPs in Chinese was different from that reported in American Mexicans. There was no significantly statistical difference in the allele frequency of the 5 SNPs between case and control (P > 0.05), and the haplotype frequencies in the two groups were not much different (P > 0.05). There was no positive results in TDT and STDT analysis (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The SNP distribution of CAPN10 gene varies with different nationalities. The studied SNPs in CAPN10 gene may not be the major susceptibility ones of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han people of Northern China.


Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures Sanders 3 and 4 leaving a large bone void after reposition, continue to pose a therapeutic challenge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) combined with the injectable bone substitute CERAMENTTM|BONE VOID FILLER in patients with a bone gap > 2 cm after reduction. Twelve consecutive cases were included and followed for one year. Two cases underwent minor revisions due to superficial infections. A bone biopsy in one patient, taken after 5 months, showed bone formation at multiple sites in the implanted material. In all patients, full bone healing was demonstrated on X-ray after one year, with no deterioration of the Böhler angle. From this preliminary report, it is concluded that filling large bone defects with CERAMENTTM results in full bone remodeling and a preserved Böhler angle after one year. CERAMENTTM WHITE PAPER 4 Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) combined with an injectable and bone remodeling bone substitute (CERAMENTTM): A preliminary report.


T his paper deals with a two server (s, S) inventory system with positive service time, lead time, retrial of customers and orbital search where the arrival of customers is Poisson and service times are exponential. The system starts with S units of inventory. Each arriving customer is served a single unit by one of the servers. The customer who arrives when the inventory level is zero or when both the servers are busy, joins the pool of retrial customers called the orbit. A retrial customer who finds the inventory level zero or both the servers busy returns to the orbit. Lead times follow an exponential distribution. This model also includes the concept of orbital search. This is a situation where each server immediately after a service completion, goes in search of a customer (with a negligible search time) in the orbit with a known probability p. The probability of not going for the search becomes 1-p which means the sever remains idle. If the server does not pick up the next customer to be served from the orbit, then whoever comes first either a primary customer or an orbital customer gets into service. Using matrix-analytic method, some measures of the system performance in the steady state are derived. A suitable cost function is defined. Numerical results are also provided.


Dilated cardiomyopathy is associated with ventricular arrhythmias and with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. In these cases, wide complex tachyarrhythmias are frequently a diagnostic challenge. The efficiency of antiarrhythmic drug therapy is limited and often the implantation of a cardiac defibrillator is required. We hereby present the case of a 68 year old male patient known with dilated cardiomyopathy, who experienced a syncopal episode as the clinical expression of a wide complex tachycardia. The recorded electrocardiogram identified ventricular tachycardia originated in the right ventricle or in the interventricular septum. The electrocardiograms recorded before and after the syncopal episode showed a major left bundle-branch block and a first degree atrioventricular block. 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring detected ventricular tachycardia originating in the left ventricle. The etiology of the dilated cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities could not be identified. During the electrophysiological study, no sustained supraventricular or ventricular tachyarrhythmias were triggered. The pharmacological treatment has been optimized and a cardiac defibrillator was implanted. The particularity of this case consists in the presence of multiple rhythm disturbances originating both in the left and right ventricle, in a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and conduction disturbances at several levels.


This paper proposes a method to deal with imbalanced data in classification. Particle of Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to optimize the SVM parameters, and the optimized SVM is used as weak classifier for AdaBoost inside cascade model. The experimental results show that the method significantly improves the overall classification accuracy and the recognition rate of the rare class.


This paper seeks to explore the contribution to our understanding of the Roman coastal forts between the Wash and the north Kent coast which can be provided by a study of the surviving building materials which can be attributed to them. Although some of our sites have little or no masonry surviving above ground level, we argue that the materials to which we draw attention were derived from their defensive wall circuits which were constructed between the late second and the late third century. While certain of our sites eventually belonged to the Late Roman Saxon Shore of the Notitia Dignitatum, others were not thus designated. All our sites have long histories but, since the materials in question probably derive from the initial, stone-building phase of these forts, it is likely that our conclusions will relate to, and inform our interpretation of, their primary function. Our survey includes the forts at Brancaster, Burgh Castle, Bradwell, Reculver, and Richborough, all of which can be assigned to the Saxon Shore system with reasonable confidence, as well as the fort, rather than defended civil port at Caister-on-Sea. We also consider evidence of materials which we argue were derived from Walton Castle, which has been identified by some as the Portus Adurni of the litus saxonicum listed in the Notitia Dignitatum, and which was lost to the sea by the nineteenth century.


The ability of poikilotherms to change their membrane phospholipid composition in response to long term temperature change is well documented. Less understood are the changes which occur when rapid temperature fluctuations are encountered. The authors have followed the fate of 16:0/18:1 phosphatidylcholine (PC), radiocarbon labeled at the 18:1 acyl chain, in the plasma membranes of trout hepatocytes. After isolation by PC, 5%-10% of which was taken up into the plasma membranes. The cells were then divided into two groups and either held at acclimation temperature or transferred to 5C. After 1 hour at 20C or 5 hours at 5C the plasma membranes were isolated, the lipids extracted, and the PC fraction was resolved into its molecular species. The distribution of radiolabel between the warm and cold exposed cells was then determined. In both groups radioactivity was found in molecular species other than 16:0/18:1, however no radioactivity was found in lipids other than PC. Cold exposed cells contained less radioactivity in 18:2/18:2, 20:1/22:6, 16:0/18:2 and 18:0/18:1 PC than the warm cells, but contained more in 18:1/18:1 PC. These results indicate that the environmental temperature influences the rates of in situ desaturation, chain elongation, and intermolecular acyl chain regroupings. Subtle changes inmore » molecular species metabolism might be important early steps in temperature acclimation.« less


The reliability of subsurface barrier valves has long been an industry problem. This can lead to costly interventions, especially apparent in deep-water subsea markets. This paper describes the world's first deployment of multicycle barrier valves in 2 subsea wells in Australia that uses innovative methods of both remote activation and triggering, that have been previously unavailable on the market, and attain a step change in reliability.
 The remote activated barrier valves were deployed as part of a subsea gravel pack system. They were initially run in hole (RIH) open as part of the lower completion, then closed mechanically. The valve was subsequently opened via Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and then closed again mechanically to allow the running of the upper completion. Frequency modulated pressure cycles were applied to the well to open the valve and allow the well to flow.
 The valve functioned exactly as planned, and it was demonstrated that it could be closed multiple times on a semi-sub vessel. The valve was then opened via RFID tags conveyed on wash pipe. This is a much more reliable method when in high debris environments. The valve was opened for the final time via frequency modulated pressure cycles. These are better able to be transmitted through debris and are not affected by other hydraulic events in the well.
 The hydraulic pump that is used to actuate the tool provides a constant force directly to the ball valve mechanism and is not subject to failures over time like existing gas charges, ratchet mechanisms or springs. The RFID, Mechanical or pressure cycles used to trigger the valve offer a huge increase in operational flexibility that have never been able to be realized with existing technologies.


The invention discloses cyclocarya paliurus leaf life cultivation and health preservation noodles which are prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of flour, 10-20 parts of powder of leaves of cyclocarya paliurus Batal., 1-3 parts of table salt, 0.1-0.5 part of dietary alkali and 0.1-1 part of sodium alga acid, wherein the powder of leaves of cyclocarya paliurus Batal. is prepared according to the following steps: rinsing fresh leaves of cyclocarya paliurus Batal., baking under the condition of 40-70 DEG C until the leaves are light yellow, and grinding into fine powder with the granularity of 100-200 meshes. The cyclocarya paliurus leaf life cultivation and health preservation noodles disclosed by the invention are rich in nutritive value, have good health effects, can reduce blood sugar, lower lipid, reduce blood pressure and improve immunity, are pure in taste, have special fresh scent and slight sweetness of the leaves of cyclocarya paliurus Batal., are free of strengthening agents or other additives and are high in elasticity and chewiness. The noodles disclosed by the invention are high in safety and do not have any toxic or side effect after taken for a long time.


ABSTRACT Background: Previous research indicates that not all children, adolescents and adults suffering from PTSD receive psychotherapy and if they do, trauma is not always considered during therapy. One reason for this undertreatment might be a limited readiness of licenced psychotherapists (LPTs) to treat patients who have experienced a trauma and thus suffer from PTSD symptoms. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the association between the readiness of LPTs to treat patients with PTSD symptoms and different patients' and therapists' characteristics. Method: We used case vignettes to assess the readiness of LPTs in Germany in a nationwide online survey (N = 768). The vignettes described patients with PTSD and were adapted to the age group mainly treated by the therapists (children/adolescents vs. adults). The patients' characteristics in the otherwise identical vignettes were randomized for patient gender (female vs. male) and symptom cluster (internalizing vs. externalizing). Rating scales were used to assess readiness. Additionally, therapists' characteristics (age, trauma-specific training, perceived fears/doubts, and objective barriers to treating the vignette patient) were assessed. Results: The patients' characteristics did not influence the treatment readiness of the LPTs. Regarding therapists' characteristics, LPTs working mainly with children and adolescents, and those who had completed trauma-specific training reported a higher readiness to treat the vignette patient. Conclusions: Regarding the treatment of patients suffering from PTSD symptoms of different ages, our study indicated that the assessed therapists' characteristics were more relevant for the treatment readiness of LPTs than the patients' characteristics of age or symptom type. HIGHLIGHTS In this nationwide study based on randomly presented case vignettes, therapists' characteristics like trauma-specific training or fears/doubt were more relevant for the readiness of licenced psychotherapists to treat patients with PTSD symptoms than patients' characteristics.


This article aims to analyze the background, concept and what is expected from The Voluntary Disclosure Program from the perspective of Tax Officials. VDP is a result of the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI) agreement between countries. VDP is steps taken by the Indonesian Government to put AEOI to practice by releasing Law Number 9 Of 2017 On Enactment Of Government Regulation In Lieu Of Law  Number 1 Of 2017 On Access To Financial Information For Tax  Purposes To Become Law. Government to increase Tax Compliance in Indonesia. The Government regulates the implementation of VDP through Law Number 7 of 2021 concerning Harmonization of Tax Regulations (UU HPP), and the technical implementation is regulated in Regulation of MoF No. 196/PMK.03/2021 concerning Procedures for Implementing the Taxpayer Voluntary Disclosure Program. The voluntary Disclosure Program (VDP) gives taxpayers opportunities to disclose tax obligations that have not been fulfilled voluntarily through the payment of income tax based on the disclosure of their assets.


Wlliam Tyndale refers to the Fathers of the Church most frequently in his Answer unto Sir Thomas Mores Dialogue (1531)because appeal to tradition was an important polemical weapon for countering More. Since Tyndale's first concern was mastering biblical Greek and Hebrew and he concentrated his energies in study and translation, he perhaps relied on others as a guide to the Fathers. Might he have used Gratian's Decretals or Aquinas's Catena Aurea? Did he merely cite the references Erasmus made in his Annotations on the New Testament? Did his friend John Frith point out significant passages? Finally, how much did Tyndale borrow from Unio Dissidentium, the patristic handbook he names in Answer to More? 'Whi haue ye in englonde condemned the vnion of doctours but because ye wold not haue youre falshed disclosed by the doctrine of them' (Answer, P4v; PS 111,187).2Even though he lived on the Continent, Tyndale was correct in asserting that Unio was banned in England. In Acts and Monuments, John Foxe translates an order from Cuthbert Tunstal-the same bishop of London from whom Tyndale unsuccessfully sought permission to make an English translation of the Bible c. I524-for confiscating dangerous books, including Tyndale's New Testament and Unio.3 Unio is a collection of short scriptural passages printed in roman type, interspersed with longer patristic passages printed in italic. The compiler gives his name as Hermannus Bodius, perhaps a pseudonym for Martin Bucer of Strassburg or Johannes Oecolampadius of Basel.4 Unio's purpose was to gather ancient precedents for the major positions of the reformers. Part I, for example, deals with original sin, predestination, divine and human law, grace and merit, faith and works. Among other topics, Part 2 treats confession broadly conceived, the Eucharist, and the Antichrist.


Design learning is a paradigm where it is often being cultivated in the architectural domain. The paradigm itself is quite different from the other pedagogies .In design learning, the students need to undergo a design process to create their artifact in a certain period of time.The process itself consists of three distinct phases, which are ideation proposal, critique and iterate.The teaching and learning session in architectural design learning environment often focuses on the interactions and thus, producing communications in the studio class.During the design process, the interactions occurred can be categorized as human-artifact and human-human. While in the design process, there is a lot of knowledge in which
can be expressed and applied towards the design
artifact.The expression is so tacit that sometimes it is difficult for the students to transform and capture it into explicit knowledge.The knowledge transferred from the instructor to the students can act as a scaffold in creating the design artifact. Therefore, a virtual learning tool is proposed to investigate how efficient the technology can assist the transformation
of tacit knowledge into explicit in design learning environment.


Multicast routing protocols such as flooding are inefficient for large scale wireless sensor networks. The Gossip protocol provides a better approach with less retransmissions for the routing of data from sensors to the base station. In this paper we propose an implementation of the Gossip protocol on TinyOS. We produce simulation results for the protocol. We also do formal verification of the Gossip protocol for WSNs. In this way hidden vulnerabilities in the protocol are exposed.


This paper discusses the relationship between linear feedforward neural network classifiers (FNNC) and the reduced-rank approximation. From the viewpoint of linear algebra, it is shown that if the rank of the trained connection weight matrix of a two layered linear FNNC is greater than or equal to the rank of the between-class dispersion matrix of the input training samples, the two layered linear FNNC will be merged into a one layered linear FNNC. In addition, the condition of the null error cost function for a reduced rank approximation is also derived.


Basketball teqchers should take notice of teaching content of required course and students' practical condition, and attach importance to study of optimization of teaching method and learning method.They should lead advanced and modenized teaching method of science learnimg.Strengthen students' ability of science learning make them have the ability of basketall skill to take physical exercise and stengthen physique.


It is, perhaps, not generally known that the modern name of the site of Nalanda is Bargav, not Baragaon as Cunningham spelt it. I have had many occasions of hearing the name pronounced Bargav during my prolonged stay at Rajglr, which is only 9 miles distant by road, as also during a recent visit to the village. Likewise, I have no doubt that the modern name has been derived from a sacred bar-tree (Sanskrit vata, Ficus religiosa), which has grown over one of the ruined brick buildings of ancient Nalanda. This tree stands inside the enclosure marked M on Cunningham's map, and it now forms one of the main objects of worship to the modern inhabitants of ancient Nalanda. Its age cannot be more than a couple of hundred years, and I do not remember to have found a word like Vatagrama mentioned anywhere in Sanskrit literature as another name for Nalanda. This fact is of some importance, as an instance of how even a well-known ancient name like Nalanda may become entirely forgotten in modern times.


Chronotherapeutics refers to a treatment method in which in vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease, in order to optimise therapeutic outcomes and minimise side effects. It is based on the observation that there is an interdependent relationship between the peak-to-trough rhythmic activity in disease symptoms, pharmacologic sensitivity, and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate differences in the pharmacokinetic patterns between an optimized pulsatile formulation and an exisisting marketed sustained formulation of Montelukast sodium. The formulations were administered to 2 groups of white New Zealand rabbits (n=6) following cross over design pattern and the plasma levels were measured using LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each formulation. The comparison of the plasma time curves of the dosage forms showed that each dosage form caused significant differences in the drug plasma levels. The pulsatile capsular formulation prepared in the laboratory managed to show some lag phase initially before releasing the drug. The mean residence time of pulsatile formulations administration (22.6  0.11hrs) was found to be more than marketed sustained formulation (17.1  0.09 hrs). Implications for the use of a pulsatile drug delivery device for chronopharmacotheraphy are discussed. Pulsatile drug delivery offers a promising way for chronopharmacotheraphy if the time of administration and pulse time are adjusted to the circadian pattern.


A 78-year-old female patient presented with pretibial necroses of the right leg, and a one year history of Polymyalgia rheumatica. Anamnestic, clinical, and radiological findings allowed the diagnosis of giant-cell leg arteritis. Limb salvage was achieved by femoro-crural bypass implantation.


Summary — In this paper, possibilities of processing biocomposites based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) filled with 25 and 40 wt. % of wood flour or kenaf fibers are presented. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity) under three testing temperatures, a water absorption and its influence on properties, the process of biodegradation in the garden compost as well as SEM images of fractured composites are discussed. Modulus of elasticity and tensile strength increased with rising content of wood flour and kenaf fibres. The results show that PHB filled with kenaf fibers has higher mechanical properties, even despite higher ability to absorb water. Tested biocomposites absorb water and their mechanical properties decrease after exposure to water. It is caused by beginning of biodegradation process and resolving a biodegradable biopolymer in water. This property can be interesting for packaging especially for fresh produce like fruit or vegeta


The rates of replacement of the chloride in cis-[Co TTAS Cl3][TTAS = bis-(o-dimethylarsinophenyl)methylarsine] by bromide and thiocyanate are independent of the nature and concentration of the anion but depend on the concentration of methanol in the mixed methanol–dichloromethane and methanol–nitromethane solvents. When the methanol concentration is expressed in mole-fraction units the rate constant does not depend greatly upon whether the other component of the solvent is dichloromethane or nitromethane. No reaction takes place in pure dichloromethane and only a slow reaction is observed in pure nitromethane with a rate that is independent of the anion concentration. The rate-determining step is thought to be a solvolytic interchange of unknown molecularity. Direct interchange between the non-electrolyte complex and the anion is difficult because there is no way in which the anion can be attracted into the inner solvation shell of the uncharged complex. The cationic solvento-intermediate is able to attract the anions and undergo a rapid anation.


The HR+ project investigates perception, decision and interface issues for human-robot interaction. We report here on the research activities that have been conducted by the partners of the project and that are relevant to HR+ context. We then present their partial integration in an autonomous interactive robot called Rackham. Rackham, has been deployed in a public area for relatively long periods in direct contact with non-professional persons, accumulating valuable data and information for future enhancements.


OBJECTIVE
This article reviews research on the main characteristics of mismatch negativity (MMN) and its applications in neuropsychiatry.

BACKGROUND
Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been used to study many aspects of information processing. Mismatch negativity is an early auditory ERP that has been identified as an index of an automatic (preconscious) alerting mechanism stimulating an individual to attend to unexpected environmental events. Disturbances of MMN may relate to abnormalities of auditory information processing contributing to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric conditions.

METHOD
The authors review (1) studies that have evaluated the electrophysiological aspects of MMN and (2) studies that have investigated the different applications of MMN in neuropsychiatry.

RESULTS
The first part of this article describes the characteristics of MMN, its cerebral origins, and electrophysiological parameters. We then discuss the role of "echoic memory" as well as that of attention and vigilance. In the second part of the article, disturbances in MMN associated with schizophrenia, depressive illness, dementing processes, and other neuropsychiatric states are discussed.

CONCLUSIONS
MMN is a preconscious cognitive ERP, the main generators and functions of which are well defined. Observations relating to the origins of MMN and its role in early auditory information processing together with its possible behavioral significance, combined with observations of MMN aberrations in psychiatric conditions, may provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric states.