This paper chronicles the activity at Wisconsin Public Service Corporation (WPSC) that resulted in the complete migration of a traditional, late 1970s vintage, energy management system (EMS). The new environment includes networked microcomputers, minicomputers, and the corporate mainframe, and provides on-line access to employees outside the energy control center and some WPSC customers. In the late 1980s, WPSC was forecasting an EMS computer upgrade or replacement to address both capacity and technology needs. Reasoning that access to diverse computing resources would best position the company to accommodate the uncertain needs of the energy industry in the 1990s, WPSC chose to investigate an in-place migration to a network of computers, able to support heterogeneous hardware and operating systems. The system was developed in a modular fashion, with individual modules being deployed as soon as they were completed. The functional and technical specification was continuously enhanced as operating experience was gained from each operational module. With the migration off the original computers complete, the networked system DEMAXX (distributed energy management architecture with extensive expandability) has exceeded expectations in the areas of: cost, performance, flexibility, and reliability.


The ultrastructure of the bifurcate paraocular process and postocular filamentary tuft in an undescribed form of facetotectan cyprid from the North Pacific was examined using TEM. The bifurcate paraocular process is proximally accompanied by cilia that give rise to complex, lamellar structures, and appears to be an external portion of the organ of Bellonci, which is well known in cirripedes and some other crustaceans. The postocular filamentary tuft is an aggregation of filamentary extentions arising from cells that are part of a prominent organ located posterior to each compound eye. This organ is probably a gland, similar in position and cell composition to the cement gland known in cirripede cyprids, though its actual function is still unclear. Bifurcate paraocular processes and postocular filamentary tufts of "cypris y" (a post-naupliar stage of the facetotectan Crustacea) were first described by I to ( 1985) based upon observation of three Hansenocaris species from Japan. Although additional observations and intensive discussions were directed to these enigmatic structures, their identities have not become clear (Ito, 1986b, 1986c, 1987a; Grygier, 1987c). As it was obvious that the lack of micro-anatomical knowledge caused this uncertainty, we have examined these structures using a transmission electron microscope. The present paper deals with the results obtained from this study. Facetotectan nauplii (nauplius y) were collected from plankton samples taken with a small plankton net (30 pm mesh) in Tanabe Bay (33°42'N, 135°21 'E) near the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory on the Pacific coast of Japan. The collected nauplii were individually kept in glass dishes filled with filtered sea-water until they metamorphosed into the "cypris y" stage. The glass dishes were placed in a constant-temperature room maintained at l9°C. Exuviae of the reared nauplii were pipetted immediately whenever they were noticed; they were examined using a phase-contrast microscope to 1) Present address: Komoike 2-7-6, Kojima, Kurashiki, Okayama 711, Japan. Publ. Seto Mar. Bioi. Lab., 33(1/3), 19-38, 1988. (Article 2) 20 T. ITO & M. TAKENAKA identify the species and to determine the developmental stage. Five cyprids that metamorphosed from nauplii of type XI (Ito, 1987c) in November and December, 1986, were fixed for TEM examination. They were all an undescribed form of Hansenocaris, which resembles H. pacifica Ito, 1985, in general appearance but is smaller. A last-stage nauplius that internally had a well-developed cyprid body with compound eyes, and that was estimated to be at most 24 hours before the molt to the cyprid, was also fixed for TEM examination. The specimens were pre-fixed for 1.5 hours with 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered with 0.2 M Nacacodylate (pH 7.4), followed by three rinses in the Na-cacodylate buffer. While keeping them cool, these pre-fixed specimens were transferred to the Ushimado Marine Laboratory for further treatments and TEM study. The specimens were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide dissolved in the same buffer for 1.5 hours and then dehydrated through ethanol and propylene oxide and embedded in an epoxy resin (TAAB embedding resin). The cyprid specimens were cut with glass knives into ultrathin, serial sections; horizontal, cross, and sagittal sections were made. The naupliar specimen was cut into ultrathin, cross sections. The ultrathin sections were stained with I% alcoholic uranyl acetate and 0.1% lead citrate solutions, and were studied in an Hitachi H-500H electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 7.5 kv.


Mathematical education was carried out in classroom teaching.As traditional teaching methods lack interactive communications with students,and relations with the other subjects,it could not arouse the students' enthusiasm for study.With the analysis of two kinds of classroom teaching methods,we put forward her proposals for mathematical classroom teaching reform in five-year higher vocational education: to strengthen application and play down theory;to provide students with time and space to think,to practice and feel,to guess,induce and confirm so as to guide them to explore independently;to emphasize on intuitive and concrete comprehension so as to fully embody the learner autonomy and participation in the teaching procedure.


Dynamics of spectral indices of cardiac rhythm variability and distinctions of autonomic nervous system parameters during stress test by physical activity among 121 petients with CHD and different lesion level of coronary bed. All patients had positive results of stress test with physical activity on bicycle ergometer as well as coronary angiography data. Capacity evaluation of low and high frequency parameters of autonomic nervous system depending on coronary atherosclerosis intensity was carried out. Dependence of spectral indices of cardiac rhythm variability on lesion level of coronary bed was found out.


We present two analytically tractable diffusion models for an exchange rate in a target zone. One model generalizes a model proposed by De Jong, Drost, and Werker (2001) to allow asymmetry between the currencies which is often an important feature of data. Estimation of the model parameters by the method of Kessler and Sørensen (1999) using eigenfunctions of the generator is investigated and shown to give well‐behaved estimators that are easy to calculate. The method is well suited to the models because the eigenfunctions are known so that explicit estimating functions are obtained, and because the state space is a finite interval, for which it is known that the method can be made arbitrarily efficient by including sufficiently many eigenfunctions. The model fits data on exchange rates in the European Monetary System well. In particular, the asymmetry parameter is significantly different from zero for three out of four currencies. An alternative diffusion model is presented with similarly nice properties, but with different dynamics that allow constant volatility near the boundaries of the target zone. No‐arbitrage pricing of derivative assets is considered, and the effect of realignments is briefly discussed.


The increasing use of renewable energy sources, together with an ever-increasing energy demand, puts the electrical grid under heavy pressure. Grid extensions mitigate these factors, but are very costly. Other methods enabling an economically viable energy transition towards more renewable energy sources should be explored. We present a preliminary assessment of the impact of different mixes of prosumers on the energy balance and self-consumption of a rural community. We quantify unused potential regarding demand-side management, the extension of photovoltaic peak power, as well as battery storage. We implement models for electric production and consumption profiles and simulate scenarios with varied prosumer compositions. The results show that demand-side management does not change the self-consumption of photovoltaic energy significantly, whereas installation of more battery storage together with increased photovoltaic production promises better results for the rural community studied.


The double-K fracture toughness and fracture energy of high-strength concrete and hybrid-steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete were calculated employing standard compacted tension(CT) formula and wedge splitting(WS) formula by wedge splitting test.By comparing two formulas,it is found that the unstable fracture toughness calculated by CT formula is 0.85 to 0.87 times of that calculated by WS formula,and adopting standard CT specimen can gain the exact test results by WS test with the specimen satisfying the size requirement for CT.The influences of fiber type,fiber length and fiber volume ratio on reinforced effect to concrete were analyzed.With the strength increasing,the fracture toughness and fracture energy both increase.In addition,it is proposed that the double-K fracture toughness is better to be used as the ductility evaluation criterion of high-strength concrete and fracture energy is better to be used as the ductility evaluation criterion of hybrid-steel fiber reinforced high-strength concrete.


Welding is a common procedure in industrial production processing. For offering accurate machining trajectories of industrial robot, stereo vision system is usually used to compensate the position error of welding seam caused by local overheat or laying position deviation. At present, the welding stereo vision system is normally used to get position of solder joints by scanning the whole profile of work piece, which helps compute cloud point position and then transform it mathematically from camera coordinate system to robot base coordinate system, thus to guide the robot and welding system. But in vision guided system, the laser sensor can only move along the straight line of curves with curvature slowly changing. To solve it, this work provides a welding seam recognition model based on Mask R-CNN network, which uses transfer learning to identify welding seam in the image and segmentation of instances, and the method can recognize the complex welding seam effectively so as to obtain the accurate position of solder joint.


Oxyrrhis marina is one of dinoflagellates and widely distributed in the global coastal waters,which can initiate algal blooms at the appropriate time and now became model marine planktons for laboratory marine biology experiments.However,preliminary studies on microscopic structures and feeding of Oxyrrhis marina are carried out only in China.Present study described the progress on morphology,taxonomic status,feeding method,laboratory culture,natural distribution of O.marina and discussed relationships of red tide,dimethylsulfide,other marine organisms and O.marina.Some advice was proposed on exploring research of ecological characteristics of Oxyrrhis marina and indicating that ecological characteristics are the basis to rationally use and effectively regulate the algae.


A special split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) under confining pressure and temperature,triaxial static confining pressure and temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar(TSCPT-SHPB),is designed.The uniaxial dynamic mechanical performances of salt rock with the confining pressures ranging from 5 to 25 MPa were studied experimentally and numerically.The salt rock under the condition of temperature ranging from 40 ℃ to 80 ℃ and the confining pressure from 0.0 to 0.5 MPa was also tested with the TSCPT-SHPB.The influences of the confining pressure and strain rate on the dynamic increasing factor(DIF) of axial compressive strength of salt rock and the effects of the temperature and confining pressure on the dynamic mechanical properties of salt rock were analyzed.It is demonstrated that:(1) The effect of confining pressure on the ductility of salt rock is tremendous under dynamic loading.(2) The salt rock is a rate-dependent and temperature sensitive material;and its maximum dynamic compressive strength increases as the strain rate increases;while the peak dynamic compressive strength of salt rock decreases as the temperature increases under the high strain rate of 400 s-1.It is noted that the increase of the maximum dynamic compressive strength under low confining pressures is more obvious than that under high confining pressures.(3) The approximate expression for the effect of confining pressure and strain rate on DIF of salt rock was presented;and the relationship between peak confining strength and temperature under the high strain rate of 400 s-1was also obtained from the test data.The experimental results by the TSCP-SHPB were validated by numerical simulation,in which the modified Drucker-Prager model and its experiment-based parameters were used.


While recent studies indicate atmospheric deposition is a significant source of metals to the Santa Monica Bay and coastal river systems of the Los Angeles area, the spatial extent of the atmospheric source along the entire southern California coast has not been measured in thirty years. This study provides measurements of dry atmospheric deposition of chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc at eight sites located along the coast between Santa Barbara and San Diego, and compares these data to historic measurements from the 1970's. Median dry deposition fluxes across sites ranged between 0.23 to 3.6 (chromium), 0.21 to 5.4 (nickel), 0.52 to 14 (lead), 0.89 to 29 (copper), and 4.8 to 160 (zinc) μg/m2/day. Differences in metal dry deposition flux rates observed between sites were dominated by proximity to urban areas and/or other nearby sources, with the highest metal fluxes observed near the Los Angeles Harbor and San Diego Bay sites. Compared with data from the 1970's, lead fluxes were typically one to two orders of magnitude lower in the present study (2006), indicating atmospheric sources of these metals have decreased over the past three decades in southern California. Chromium fluxes were also lower in 2006 compared with the 1970's, although to a lesser extent than for lead. In contrast, copper and zinc fluxes were typically within the same order of magnitude between the two time periods, with some higher measurements observed in 2006 compared with the 1970's at the LAH and SDB sites. This result indicates atmospheric sources of copper and zinc have not decreased over the past three decades in southern California, and have increased near our harbor/urban sites. Differences in sampling conditions (e.g., Santa Ana winds) and measurement techniques may also explain, in part, the differences observed in metal flux rates for these time periods. However, these limitations were most important for those metals with the smallest difference in flux rates measured in the 1970's vs. 2006 (e.g., chromium). INTRODUCTION Atmospheric deposition represents a significant fraction of the total pollutant load to many contaminated waterbodies, relative to other sources (Duce et al. 1991, Lin et al. 1993, Scudlark et al. 1994, Wu et al. 1994, Baker et al. 1997, Scudlark and Church 1997). In southern California, the atmosphere has been shown to be a significant contributor to metal pollution in the Santa Monica Bay and coastal river systems of Los Angeles, primarily through deposition onto the land surface during dry periods, and subsequent removal by stormwater runoff during rain events (Lu et al. 2003; Sabin et al. 2005, 2006a). Dry deposition flux rates of metals vary primarily as a function of both sources (e.g., proximity to urban areas, or other nearby sources) and meteorological conditions (e.g., wind speeds). In Los Angeles, the highest metal deposition rates have been observed within 100 m of a large freeway, a major source of particle-bound pollutant metals, while urban background deposition rates have been observed within approximately 450 m of the freeway (Sabin et al. 2006b). In addition, substantially lower flux rates (compared with urban background rates in Los Angeles) have been observed at a non-urban coastal site upwind of Los Angeles (Sabin et al. 2006a). No measurements of the dry deposition gradient of metals along the entire southern California coast have been made in 30 years. During the mid-1970's, atmospheric deposition studies, conducted at a number of sites along the coast between Santa Barbara and San Diego, provided data on the extent of the urban influence during that time. These historical data demonstrated coastal Los Angeles was a hotspot for dry deposition of a number of constituents (e.g., DDT, PCB, metals), compared with areas along the coast to the north and south of greater Los Angeles (Young et al. 1976, Young and Jan 1977). However, during the past 30 years, there have been changes in atmospheric pollution sources, including decreases for some pollutants (e.g., lead) and increases for othMetal dry deposition rates along a coastal transect in southern California Lisa D. Sabin and Kenneth C. Schiff Metal deposition along a southern California transect 61 ers (e.g., copper and zinc). There has also been considerable population growth along the coast, including an expansion of urban areas of Los Angeles and San Diego, as well as increased urbanization of areas that were predominantly non-urban/agricultural in the 1970's. Thus, substantial differences would be expected between dry deposition flux rates along the southern California coast measured during the 1970's and those measured in 2006, and it is likely that the direction of the change may vary depending on the metal and the location. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of the dry deposition rates of metals, the spatial extent of the urban footprint along the coast of southern California, and how these have changed over the past 30 years. To accomplish this goal, the following objectives were defined: (1) measure the dry deposition flux gradient of five pollutant metals (chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) along a north-south coastal transect of southern California; and (2) compare these measurements with historic metal dry deposition flux rates from the 1970's. METHODS


Older pedestrians are known to be over-involved in street-crossing fatalities. In France, about half of all pedestrians killed on the road (49%) are over 65 years of age, whereas this age group represents less than 17% of the population. International crash data show the same trends. This overrepresentation of older pedestrians in crash statistics is often explained by altered decision making processes (because of age-related functional deficits) in situations where no helping signals or markings are provided. If many studies show that older drivers are able to compensate for their reduced abilities to drive safely (e.g., in driving less, more slowly, etc.), such adaptive behaviors have been rarely examined in older pedestrians. Indeed, older pedestrians could also adapt their crossing strategies to adjust for sensory, cognitive and motor changes they are experiencing. The aim of the present study was to observe young and old pedestrians on marked crosswalks and examine if the older ones adopt more cautious behaviors to compensate for age-related difficulties. The behavior related to the compliance with the legal rules for road-crossing, as well as visual exploration of the road environment were particularly observed before and during the crossings. A total of 682 pedestrians (375 women) from two age groups (young and old adults) were observed in the city of Lille, France, on marked crosswalks (current section or intersection), with and without lights for pedestrians and/or vehicles. The results show that older pedestrians adopt more cautious behaviors, particularly in terms of compliance with traffic and pedestrian lights and waiting positions on the sidewalk. Moreover, looking behaviors before and during the crossings were significantly different between the two age groups, with older pedestrians more often focused on the ground and less on vehicles than the younger ones. These results illustrate compensation strategies of age-related sensorial, cognitive and motor difficulties among older pedestrians. Findings also promote the development of safer pedestrian infrastructures to improve safety and reduce the risk of crash.


So far, "The Collective Interpretation of Zhou I" is the most comprehensive edition in all of the Xing-Yan Sun's I HSUEH. This article tries to investigate the achievements from several aspects: Firstly, to make a description of his carrier, thought, and writings. Secondly, to illustrate the background of "The Collective Interpretation of Zhou Yi" including the motivation, form, kinship, and relation with scholars of "Gan-Jia Period". Thirdly, the distinguishing feature of "The Collective interpretation of Zhou I": (1) the combination Wang Bi with li Ding Zuo, (2) the characteristic with the comparison of P'U-HSUEH in the field of I Ching, (3) the achievements in the research of textualism. Fourthly, to sum up the fruitful results and give the presumptive description.


"Interpersonal boundary regulation" is a way to optimize social interactions when sharing and connecting through Social Networking Sites (SNSs). The theoretical foundation of much of my research comes from Altman's work on privacy management in the physical world. Altman believed that "we should attempt to design responsive environments, which permit easy alternation between a state of separateness and a state of togetherness" (1975). In contrast, Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook's CEO, claims that sharing is the new "social norm" for Facebook's 800 million users (Facebook 2011), and it is Facebook's job to enable "frictionless sharing" (Matyszczyk 2010). My research focuses on reconciling this rift between social media sharing and privacy by examining interpersonal boundary regulation within SNSs as a means to align privacy needs with social networking goals.
To do this, I performed an in-depth feature-oriented domain analysis (Kang, Cohen et al. 1990) across five popular SNS interfaces and 21 SNS user interviews to understand boundary mechanisms unique to these environments and their associated challenges. From this, I created a taxonomy of different interpersonal boundaries users manage within their SNSs, identified interface features that directly supported these boundary mechanisms, and uncovered coping behaviors for when interface features were inadequate or inappropriately leveraged. By better understanding this dynamic, we can begin to build new interfaces to help support and possibly even correct some of the maladaptive social behaviors exhibited within SNSs. Finally, I conducted two empirical studies that quantitatively validated some of the relationships in my theoretical model of the interpersonal boundary regulation process within SNSs. Specifically, I examined the role of risk awareness, feature awareness, burden, and desired privacy level on SNS privacy behaviors. I also examined the relationship between privacy outcomes and SNS goals of connecting and sharing with others. Through this research, I show that boundary regulation allows SNS users to reap the benefits of social networking while simultaneously protecting their privacy.


The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the most pervasive organelle, exchanges information and material with many other organelles, but the extent of its interorganelle connections and the proteins that form bridges are not well known. The integral ER membrane protein vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein (VAP) is found in multiple bridges, interacting with many proteins that contain a short linear motif consisting of "two phenylalanines in an acidic tract" (FFAT). The VAP-FFAT interaction is the most common mechanism by which cytoplasmic proteins, particularly interorganelle bridges, target the ER. Therefore, predicting new FFAT motifs may both find new individual peripheral ER proteins and identify new routes of communication involving the ER. Here, we searched for FFAT motifs across whole proteomes. The excess of eukaryotic proteins with FFAT motifs over background was ≥0.8%, suggesting that this is the minimum number of peripheral ER proteins. In yeast, where VAP was previously known to bind 4 proteins with FFAT motifs, a detailed analysis of a subset of proteins predicted 20 FFAT motifs. Extrapolating these findings to the whole proteome estimated the number of FFAT motifs in yeast at approximately 50 to 55 (0.9% of proteome). Among these previously unstudied FFAT motifs, most have known functions outside the ER, so could be involved in interorganelle communication. Many of these can target well-characterized membrane contact sites; however, some are in nucleoli and eisosomes, organelles previously unknown to have molecular bridges to the ER. We speculate that the nucleolar and eisosomal proteins with predicted motifs may function while bridging to the ER, indicating novel ER–nucleolus and ER–eisosome routes of interorganelle communication.


Squeezed light is optical beams with variance below the shot noise level. They are a key resource for quantum technologies based on photons, and they can be used to achieve better precision measurements and improve security in quantum key distribution channels and as a fundamental resource for quantum computation. Here, we demonstrate an integrated source of squeezing based on four-wave mixing that requires a single laser pump, measuring 0.45 dB of broadband quadrature squeezing at high frequencies. We identify and verify that the current results are limited by excess noise produced in the chip and propose ways to reduce it. Calculations suggest that an improvement in the optical properties of the chip achievable with existing technology can develop scalable quantum technologies based on light.


Background: Each year, thousands of patients around the world receive a new heart through heart transplant surgery. This is a lifesaving action and is most common among people with a heart disease ...


Director of the Bureau of Industrial Hygiene is a member of the Industrial Health Committee of the State Medical Society, and the Industrial Nursing Consultant, who also is in this Bureau, is a member of the Industrial Nursing Section of the Connecticut State Nursing Association. They have functioned in these capacities for the sole purpose of rendering any assistance possible to programs for the conservation of manpower in industry. The Industrial Nursing Consultant has rendered a most excellent service to individual plant nurses during the short period of her employment, in connection with the solution of problems of the type mentioned in this paper. The most significant observation that can be made concerning all of the Connecticut activities is that, while the work is being carried on over a widespread area and by several different organizations, they are coming closer and closer together all the time, and there is comparatively little overlapping of effort. These efforts will be brought even closer together until, within the not-too-distant future, there will be a synchronized powerful force, operating with varied special interests but with a common objective, namely, the conservation of manpower in Connecticut industry. All of the nursing problems mentioned in this paper will be dealt with and a majority, if not all of them, will be solved. The approach is long-range, and will involve much labor, but it promises more effective results than can be expected of any "arm chair" procedures.


A method for volumetric dataset registration that utilizes principal component analysis (PCA) and volumetric extended Gaussian image (EGI)-based processing is presented. The method uses PCA to determine an initial coarse estimate of orientation difference between two volumetric datasets. The PCA is based on certain automatically selected (i.e., significant) voxels. The coarse estimate then is refined by a three-stage process that utilizes enhanced volumetric extended Gaussian images (EV-EGIs). These final EV-EGI stages also provide the translational component. The method's combination of steps allows for faster processing at roughly similar accuracy versus prior work based solely on EV-EGIs. Experimental comparisons with Globally optimal Iterative Closest Pointset (Go-ICP) registration are also reported and analyzed.


We present an algorithm for segmentation of objects with very low edge contrast, such as microcalcifications in mammogram images. Most methods used to segment microcalcifications have algorithmic aspects that could raise operational difficulties, such as thresholds or windows that must be selected manually, or parametric models of the data. The presented algorithm does not use any of these techniques and does not require that any parameters be set by a user. It builds upon an earlier algorithm presented, but is much faster and also applicable to a wider range of objects to be segmented. The algorithm's approach is based on the extension of radial intensity profiles from a given seed point to the edge of the image. A first derivative analysis is used to find an edge point pixel along each directional intensity profile. These points are connected and the resulting object border is filled using a constrained dilatation operation to form a complete region. Results from the tested mammography images indicate that the segmented regions compare closely to those expected from visual inspection.


Abstract In 1984, an exhibition and a book entitled Italian Journey signalled the beginning of the advenrure of contemporary Italian photography. Notwithstanding the title's echoes of Goethe, the images shown in the exhibition and collected in part in the book revealed the horizon of a landscape that undoubtedly no longer possessed the charm of a natural environment as uncontaminated as on the first day of creation, which had enchanted visitors on the Grand Tour. Instead, the journey of this photographic eye uncovered a landscape where the signs of narure and history coexisted with the great signs of urban artifice.


This present study aimed at analyzing the side effects ofThe Agreement of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual PropertyRights (TRIPS Agreement) in the area of pharmaceutical industry in thedeveloping countries in general. It investigated the issue of whether the extension of such agreement ; would influence the attitudes of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry .It has been found that the effect ofstrengthening the protection of intellectual property in general, and pharmaceutical patent invention system in particular is associated with drugs, therapeutic categories, the behavior of the reference groups in the sector, and the consumer government without neglecting the pricing strategies of multinational companies.


As more therapeutic options become available there is an increasing need for clinical markers that will provide more sensitive and specific early detection of disease. At the same time, improved technologies for monitoring disease progression and response to therapy are required. In many cases, single assays of existing biomarkers are neither sensitive nor specific enough for use as sole screening methods and in general a combination of markers is required. Many systemic diseases, particularly cancer, have been linked with many systems, from genomics to glycomics. Therefore we have developed an automated 96-well plate based strategy for identifying, quantifying and screening potential glycans released from proteins in body fluids as clinical markers. We have constructed a data base of the serum glycome of healthy controls to compare with that of clinical controls and of patients with various diseases including schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis, breast, ovarian, lung, stomach, prostate and pancreatic cancers and compared the specificity and sensitivity of the glycan markers with the current markers used in the clinics. Automated data analysis is subsequently fine tuned for each disease opening the way for undertaking large scale clinical trials that may prove useful for diagnosing disease and monitoring progression and therapy. Importantly, the technology has enabled links to be made from the serum glycome to individual glycoproteins, glycoprocessing pathways, signaling transduction pathways and to the genome itself, demonstrating the possibility of probing a whole system for disease associated changes and providing a deeper insight into pathogenesis.


Thermodynamic properties such as excess free volume, excess internal pressure, excess isothermal compressibility, and partial molar volumes of binary mixtures of bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether+methyl acetate,+ethyl acetate,+n-butyl acetate,+methyl benzoate,+ethyl benzoate, + methyl salicylate and+diethyl succinate have been studied over the entire mole fraction range at 298.15 K


With the tender leaves and buds of Ginkgo biloba L,ginkgo hairy roots were induced.Suspension culture of ginkgo hairy root was established.Effect of different kinds of hormones,different sorts of mediums and concentration of sucrose on hairy root growth was investigated.So,we can get the properties of growth conditions of ginkgo hairy roots,and supply the large-scale factory production of ginkgo hairy toots with theoretical basis.The experimental results showed that added hormones were benefit to the growth of hairy root,the effect of NAA was best than others,the concentration was 1.0 mg/L,the best hairy root growth rate was 8.59 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1).B_5 medium was the best for hairy root,the best growth rate was 8.58 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1).When treated with 15 g/L of sucrose,the hairy root growth rate was 7.36 mg·L~(-1)·d~(-1).


5128 Background: Greater body mass index (BMI) is associated with shorter time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure following radical prostatectomy. We investigated whether BMI is associated with prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in a large randomized trial of men treated with radiation therapy (RT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for locally advanced prostate cancer. Methods: Between 1987 and 1992, 945 eligible men with locally advanced prostate cancer were enrolled on a phase III trial (RTOG 85- 31) and randomized to RT and immediate goserelin (Arm I) or RT alone followed by goserelin at relapse (Arm II). Height and weight data were available at baseline for 788 (83%) subjects. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between BMI and all-cause mortality, PCSM, and non-prostate cancer mortality. Covariates included age, race, treatment arm, history of prostatectomy, nodal involvement, Gleason score, clinical stage, and BMI. Results: The 5-year PCSM rate fo...


The Methodology of Comprehensive Music and Vocal Education (CMVE) is a powerful pedagogical instrument which helps a person's to improve its voice and musicality. Because several zones, such is auditory, somatosensory, motor (mainly due to the inclusion of hands and speech motor apparatus) and visual are actively involved, which is active contributes to a change in the picture of the dominant centers of the cortex, stimulates and develops such cognitive functions as attention, speech, memory, praxis. Neuroplasticity is closely related to music education, as indicated, for example, by such work as G. Schlaug, which explains some of the sensorimotor and cognitive improvements associated with music education. This allows us to assume and test the effects of neuroplasticity when working according to the CMVE method, which also uses different modalities. To investigate event-related potentials, the authors use a two-stimulus selective attention test (VCPT Go / NoGo test).
Key words: EEG, ERP, VCPT-task, musical-vocal education by D.E. Ogorodnov.


Since the adoption of the Climate Convention in 1992 at the latest, formerly communist countries have been following the climate debate despite serious domestic economic and social problems. Since 1990 the region has contributed the most to curbing the problem of climate change, albeit accidentally, through the sharp decline in their emissions in parallel with the decline in their economies. In this paper we review the role played by the economies in transition in the climate negotiations until early 2000, especially in light of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the Climate Convention. We consider emissions trends and the scope for further emissions reductions. Subsequently, the potential benefits of the "Kyoto Mechanisms", which include emissions trading, joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism, are discussed. We find that the climate policies in Central and Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union are drifting further apart. Activities in Central and Eastern Europe are dominated by the EU accession process, while the countries further east continue to grapple with economic crises.


Low-power and non-invasive optical manipulation of tiny objects is important in both material science and life science. Harnessing the high-efficiency light-to-heat conversion and the thermophoretic migration under a temperature gradient, we explore the opto-thermo-mechanic coupling during light-matter interaction and develop an indirect optical manipulation technique termed opto-thermophoresis, which features low operation power and simple optics. Based on this concept, we development new tools such as opto-thermophoretic tweezers, printers, tractors, and motors. Further, we demonstrate these optical tools in different fields, such as biomedical manipulation, bio-sensing, and reconfigurable optics.


The Dutch Ministry of Transport has given a lot of attention to approach policy issues from an economic viewpoint. This holds of course for major infrastructural projects like Maasvlakte II, for which a social cost benefit is mandatory (though not legally required). In policy documents published in 2004 by the Ministry of Transport and others, the connection between transport and economic development has come more to the foreground as key concern in national policy efforts. This also goes for freight transport policy: key question here is how freight transport can influence economic productivity? Or can better alternatives be found to stimulate the economy? And how does economic growth influence the transport sector itself? The theme of the relationship between (freight) transport and the economy has been covered in various publications throughout the years The objective of this paper is: To give an overview of the research conclusions from (inter) national literature for freight transport specifically; To discuss the meaning of accessibility of locations and networks, the relationship between freight transport and the economy in situations of economic growth and economic stagnation from a policy perspective; To look at the concept of generalized freight transport costs as the 'linking pin' between the freight transport sector and economic productivity; To verify how these economic research concepts are incorporated in recent Dutch transport policy papers; To come up with ideas on how to (further) integrate the ideas of economic efficiency into freight policy; Finally, to put attention on how to cope from a policy point of view with the uncertainties in economic theory and to discuss in which situations transport policy measures can be efficient to improve economic productivity. see ITRD E135207.


let's see. when we came in there was a huge number of brits and some rich indians and a few backpackers, still very few tranceheads. so it wasn't entirely sure whether it would get to be a 'good party,' in the sense that the party would survive the morning and thus become magical. i met twhen it was starting to get light. he was sitting at the banyan tree with some japanese guys, and he said, after he'd seen that dark indian trancehead with long hair, isn't it a coincidence, every time he decides to go party every so often, at that time, it turns out that the people he knows also go there. perfect telepathic timing. a good sign, he said, it's going to be a great party, i don't know but i've got a feeling, and he decided to take a quarter of a hofmann [LSD]. we smoked some chillum and joints and for sure, the israelis trickled in, they sat next to the bar on the right on two mats (i mean, two mat businesses) waiting patiently, like on new year, [this time] not really for the indians to disappear but for an adequate momentum, enough compatriots and other rave psychotics to claim the party.


Shareholders' Agreements are contractual devices to manage tensions among shareholders of a corporation. These agreements have a wide scope related to shareholders' interest. Nevertheless, before subscribing a shareholder agreement is important to determine the requirements to make it enforceable. This issue has been addressed in the last twenty years by state corporate statutes following the Model Business Corporation Act and the Delaware General Corporation Law and in different court decisions. Today, shareholders' agreements will be enforced according to the terms defined by the parties unless the agreement injures non-participating shareholders, third parties or is against public policy


Spatial models for disease mapping should ideally account for covariates measured both at individual and area levels. The newly available "indiCAR" model fits the popular conditional autoregresssive (CAR) model by accommodating both individual and group level covariates while adjusting for spatial correlation in the disease rates. This algorithm has been shown to be effective but assumes log‐linear associations between individual level covariates and outcome. In many studies, the relationship between individual level covariates and the outcome may be non‐log‐linear, and methods to track such nonlinearity between individual level covariate and outcome in spatial regression modeling are not well developed. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, smooth‐indiCAR, to fit an extension to the popular conditional autoregresssive model that can accommodate both linear and nonlinear individual level covariate effects while adjusting for group level covariates and spatial correlation in the disease rates. In this formulation, the effect of a continuous individual level covariate is accommodated via penalized splines. We describe a two‐step estimation procedure to obtain reliable estimates of individual and group level covariate effects where both individual and group level covariate effects are estimated separately. This distributed computing framework enhances its application in the Big Data domain with a large number of individual/group level covariates. We evaluate the performance of smooth‐indiCAR through simulation. Our results indicate that the smooth‐indiCAR method provides reliable estimates of all regression and random effect parameters. We illustrate our proposed methodology with an analysis of data on neutropenia admissions in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.


The fca mutant of Arabidopsis is one of numerous late-flowering mutants in the autonomous, or constitutive, floral promotion pathway ([Koornneef et al., 1991][1], [1998][2]). The autonomous pathway acts independently of the photoperiod pathway and intersects with the vernalization response pathway


Abstract Austenitic Fe-28Mn-6Al-1C alloy was welded using the electron beam (EB) welding technique. After EB welding, fully austenitic microstructure was observed in the weld. Moreover, the entire weld consisted mainly of columnar dendrites with a preferred orientation. The growth and convergence of these columnar dendrites led to the formation of an apparent 'parting' in the weld centreline. The parting exhibited a lower hardness value while a peak hardness was observed in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the weld. The higher hardness value in the HAZ was associated with the strain induced twinning caused by EB welding. Creep rupture tests of the weldment and the base metal were conducted at 873 K over a stress range of 225–350 MPa. Creep fracture of the weldments was observed to occur in the region of the parting. The rupture life and rupture ductility of the weldments were considerably lower than those of the base metal.


We have developed an instrument to study the homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing of droplets in free fall. The advantages of this technique are high repetition rates, telemicroscopic imaging of frozen and unfrozen droplets, and the elimination of possible contamination and nucleation effects induced by substrates. Droplets are ejected at a rate of about 5 per s from a generator at the top of a temperature controlled freezing tube. They fall in a stream down the center of the tube as their images are recorded using video-telemicroscopy. The fraction of drops frozen is measured as a function of height (and, hence, as a function of temperature) by illuminating slices of the stream with linearly polarized laser light and monitoring the depolarization of the backscattered light; ice particles depolarize the scattered light while the liquid droplets do not. The use of depolarization for phase discrimination is unique in this context. We have demonstrated the usefulness of our instrument with pure water dropl...


This paper outlines the method and initial results of a landslide inventory map for the Daunia Apennines region. Landslides are presented in terms of age and type, with reference to spatial occurrence and some statistics


Abstract We describe a semester-long project for an introductory statistics class that studies the broken windows theory of policing and the related issues of race, policing, and criminal justice. The most impactful feature of the project is the data-collection phase, in which students attend and observe a public arraignment court session. This "Court Monitoring Project" was completed in partnership with the Police Reform Organizing Project, a New York City non-profit organization. The mathematical student learning outcomes of the project emphasize the construction and interpretation of various graphical representations of data (contingency tables, bar charts, histograms, box plots, and scatter plots).


A change of educational paradigm to learning paradigm has consequently linked to a change in the management of learning process. This change process implies that it necessitates an academic qualification, quality of academic competency, and professional competency of the learning process manager, in this case, the management is the teacher herself. A teacher is a professional educator was main task is to educate, to teach, to guide, to direct, to train, to asses, and to evaluate pupils within the formal education of early schooling children, primary education, and secondary education. A professional educator must possess academic qualification and competencies as he/she acts as an agent of learning. The academic qualification meant here deals with the minimum educational level required of the teacher, while competencies which are attached to the teacher teaching at primary and secondary educational levels encompass : pedagogical competency, personal competency, professional competency and social competency which are learnt in Professional Teacher Education, taken after S1 or Diploma 4 Degree has been gained. Within the legal reference of the national education system, for those having S1 degree in education (S.Pd) taken concurrently in a Professional Teacher Education are expected to have academic and professional competencies which in turn will provide them with greater chance to become professional teacher.


2 . An unusually peaceful general election produced an unusually complex mandate. It was the duty of every political party to be faithful to that mandate. Accordingly, political parties of different complexions and different ideologies have come together to form this government. Many of them are regional parties, albeit with a national outlook. What has united us is a resolve to preserve India's secular heritage and to provide a representative government committed to faster economic growth and enhanced social justice.


Problem-Based Learning follows the idea that theory is best internalized when applied to authentic, real-world problems. A large share of the students' education is thus to engage in project work both at the university and with external partners. This position paper outlines how ProblemBased Learning is implemented at Aalborg University Copenhagen to teach geographic information concepts at the undergraduate and graduate levels and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of this learning model in comparison with a more classical university education focusing on lectures and seminars.


Time management is an important function of workflow management systems. The corresponding aspects include calculating the process execution time, identifying the critical path of a workflow process, avoiding the violation of time constraints such as deadline violations, time distance violations, satisfying Fixed Date Constraints and time difference constraints. Six time constraints are given in this paper and the method for identify the critical path of a workflow process is given accordingly. With the time con- straints the workflow designers, executors and managers can do better in the workflow modeling and workflow running.


Case study on Urban Water Systems in Can Tho, Vietnam Water Risk Index Workshop in Can Tho, Vietnam Magnus Moglia, Stephen Cook, Minh Nguyen, Nguyen Hieu Trung, Mick Paddon, Felix Lipkin, Seona Meharg CSIRO Land and Water, Climate Adaptation Flagship, Australia DRAGON Institute, Can Tho University, Vietnam Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Australia CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Climate Adaptation Flagship, Australia


A semi-quantitative model for the lateral channel electric field in LDD MOSFET's has been developed. This model is derived from a quasi-two-dimensional analysis under the assumption of a uniform doping profile. A field reduction factor, indicating the effectiveness of an LDD design in reducing the peak channel field, is used to compared LDD structures with, without, and with partial gate/drain overlap. Plots showing the trade-off between, and the process-dependencies of, the field reduction factor (FRF) and the series resistance are presented for the three cases. Structures with gate/drain overlap are found to provide greater field reduction than those without the overlap for the same series resistance introduced. This should be considered when comparing the double-diffused and spacer LDD structures. It is shown that gate/drain offset can cause the rise of channel field and substrate current at large gate voltages. Good agreement with simulations is obtained.


The main concern of the study was to identify the positive and negative effects of using social media in communicating with their OFW families as perceived by students. This study was conducted at the Central Luzon State University, Science of Munoz, the Philippines using descriptive research design. The study used the purposive sampling method. The researcher determined that most College students have an internet connection by using wi-fi. Facebook was the social media they always used when they go online. They go online every day and spent more than 1 hour and a maximum of 3 hours a day. But they only communicate to their OFW family once a week even they go online every day. Most of them have parents abroad and a few of them have aunt and uncle. When they communicating with their parents they usually talk about financial concerns like allowance and tuition fees and also about grades. The majority of them were always using Facebook because it was the most popular site on the internet also it has a chat feature that most students used to communicate with their distant family. Also, the channels used to communicate with their family through phone calls. However, using social media sites in terms of communicating with their distant families also has a strength, and students were highly strongly agreed that the strength of social media they used was easy phone access. Also, the social media site they are using has weaknesses. These are "misunderstand tone" and it was hard to use. In using social media site it can give positive effect to the respondents because they can connect with other family members who are far from home, and it can be a source of information. But also every social media site has a negative effect on the users because their communication was lack emotional connection. In this study, the hypothesis was rejected generally that there is no relationship between the social media extent exposure and the positive and negative effects of social media to respondents.


We show that there is a counter-example for the uniqueness of the sink in symbiosis system under assumptions given in [1]. We also give a suitable condition for the uniqueness of the sink.


This study aims to explore the perceptions of students who take Compulsory Curriculum Courses (MKWK) courses on the application of Case Based Learning by MKWK lecturers at Tanjungpura University, especially in Indonesian Language, Islamic Religion, Catholicism, Citizenship Education, and Pancasila courses. This study applied a qualitative descriptive method with semi-structured interview data collection techniques. Using thematic data analysis techniques, this study succeeded in revealing students' perceptions of the application of the CBL learning model in MKWK lectures. They experienced a learning process in the form of affordability of knowledge towards skills, activeness in class, feelings of anxiety and a sense of empowerment, as well as professional understanding and understanding of community life. Overall students respond positively to the application of the CBL learning model.


Objective:To study the related factors of intractanial hemorrhage of the newborn suffered from the complication of retinal hemorrhage.Methods:One hundred and six patients with intracranial hemorrhage after mydriasis with 1 percent tropicamide two times were checked by the author with direct ophthalmoscope.Results:In the one hundred and six cases with intractanial hemorrhage,90 case(128 eyes)suffered from RH.The rate was 84.9 percent.First,the relation between the way of childbirth and suck kind of disease:There was a significant difference between long birth process,precipitate labor,vacuum extraction,breech delivery and abdominal delivery(P 0.01).Second,the relation between the female parent and the disease:In 90 cases(RH),according to the statistics,there was a singificant difference between the firstborn and the secondborn and upwards(P 0.01).In 6 cases pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome,the newborn all suffered from RH.Third,the relation between the newborn and the disease.90 cases had oxygen deficiency in a way.Conclusion:Concerning the newborn suffering from intracranial heamorrhage together with retinal haemorrhage,the labor way,birth times and parent substance are the important pathogenic factors.Secondly,it has something to do with the foetus' condition and newborns' condition.So we can give them timely therapy according to hemorrhage scale.


The ultrastructure of the vasculo-epithelial zone of the spiral limbus of the guinea pig and cat is described. The vasculo-epithelial zone is composed of two types of cells osmiophilic (dark) and osmio-phobic (light) cells. The osmiophilic cells line the surface of the vasculo-epithelial zone and are bathed in perilymph. These cells have a dense cytoplasm and consist of numerous plasma membrane processes which are filled with tightly-packed mitochondria. Other cellular inclusions comprise an extensive network of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The inferior layer consists of osmiophobic cells which contain endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Morphologic similarities were noted among the vasculo-epithelial zone and other areas of the inner ear which are capable of active transport, e.g. the mammalian vestibular dark cells and the stria vascularis. The ultrastructural characteristics of the vasculo-epithelial zone suggest that this site is capable of active transport.


A tiered response model for social-emotional learning (SEL) is needed to address the significant mental health needs of young people in this country. In collaboration with other school mental health professionals, school psychologists have a unique expertise that situates them to be systems change agents in this work. This article describes a pilot project that focused on augmenting existing SEL services with SEL assessment within a tiered system of support in one elementary school. Using a consultation-based model grounded in principles of empowerment evaluation, an interdisciplinary school team used SEL data collected during one school year to inform the delivery of SEL interventions and supports. Data from SEL, academic, and behavioral assessments were examined retrospectively to illustrate the potential value of integrating assessments and interventions across domains. The discussion offers implications for ongoing efforts to develop and implement tiered response models through interdisciplinary collaboration among school mental health professionals.


Information technology progress created the advent of the knowledge economy, knowledge has become a productivity improvement and the major driving force of economic growth. However, knowledge management into highly mature stage, accompany with the current trend of globalization and the changing situation, knowledge sharing and change not only emphasized value-added, more active cross- fields absorption of new knowledge to find more business opportunities is necessary. Particularly, for multi-national enterprises or cross-national companies, besides to the parent company provides advantage of technical and business migration, technology and local market information distribution by sharing from subsidiary to the parent company and other places of country. It keeps company surviving by the positive cycle as well as collaboration in the fierce change of in international economy. Web 2.0 is an environment framing on knowledge, Web 2.0 also contributed to the rise of knowledge management by the KM 1.0, KM 2.0 and then evolved into KM 3.0. It is commonly associated with web applications and its contenets are generated by the users to interact with each other. The service – oriented architecture program will facilitate interactive information sharing, interoperability, management and use. Therefore, the technology and the application concepts of Web 2.0 are accepted easily by the common masses. Meanwhile, the easy establishment of community network, quick and simple publish platform and new development of communication tools are also provided. It is really convenient in knowledge sharing and transfer activities. It also reduces the gap of culture and language between countries. A famous innovative multinational enterprise T company was proposed as a case study by the operational practice of the knowledge development group. It has been probed into the key factors for the multinational enterprise using Web 2.0 framework software Lotus Connection to improve cross-national knowledge transfer and share.


Adolescent pregnancy is one of the most highlighted social and public health issues present at a global level with varying prevalence rate. It represents a massive risk group in reproductive terms due to the excessive burden of growth along with reproduction. Pregnancy at such a young age may lead to premature delivery, pre-eclampsia, and massive fetal deaths. These adverse outcomes are influenced by in adequate prenatal care, poor socioeconomic status, and weight gain during pregnancy. The prevalence rate of preeclampsia is twice as higher in teenagers than any other age group of women. Objective: To know the prevalence of pre-eclampsia in adolescent pregnancy and to find out the relationship of pre-eclampsia with age group, body mass index, and education of pregnant young girls. Methods: An observational (cross-sectional) study was conducted on 383 females selected through a nonprobability convenience sampling technique. The study was conducted at Aziz Bhatti Shaheed Teaching Hospital within the duration of 5 months after approval of the synopsis. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Chi-square and person correlation tests were used to find out the association of pre-eclampsia with age group, body mass index and education. Results: The mean age of the participants was 20±1 years. Total 383 females were chosen for the study. Results showed that n=114 (29.8%) were suffering from preeclampsia while n 269 (70.23%) were not. There was a significant relationship of pre-eclampsia.  Conclusions: The prevalence is quite prominent in pregnant females showing that are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the study also shows that the majority of women suffering from pregnancy-induced hypertension were illiterate. Therefore, health literacy is important for females to interpret and apply healthcare information for making accurate health decisions in such a critical aspect of life.


In this paper, the problem of communicating using chemical messages propagating using Brownian motion, rather than electromagnetic messages propagating as waves in free space or along a wire, is considered. This problem is motivated by nanotechnological and biotechnological applications, where the energy cost of electromagnetic communication might be prohibitive. Models are given for communication using particles that propagate with Brownian motion, and achievable capacity results are given. Under conservative assumptions, it is shown that rates exceeding one bit per particle are achievable.


© 2 0 1 9 . T h i e m e . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . G e o r g T h i e m e V e r l a g K G , R ü d i g e r s t r a ß e 1 4 , 7 0 4 6 9 S t u t t g a r t , G e r m a n y A . V A R E N I K O V , M . G A N D E L M A N * ( T E C H N I O N I S R A E L I N S T I T U T E O F T E C H N O L O G Y , H A I F A , I S R A E L ) Organotitanium Nucleophiles in Asymmetric Cross-Coupling Reaction: Stereoconvergent Synthesis of Chiral -CF3 Thioethers J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 10994–10999.


We review some aspects of old and new developments in photon detection techniques. Particular emphasize is made on connections of "new" and "old" ideas in photon detection: quite often "new" ideas are well forgotten "old" ones. Comparisons are made for some "new" ideas claimed recently with "old" ideas discussed earlier, in case of some ideas – more than 50 years ago. Lessons learnt in studies of old developments will help to avoid not only "bicycle invention" but also give seeds to new genuine ideas as well.


The corrosion behaviour of high‐strength AA7075 aluminium alloy in NaCl solution, without and in the presence of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors (Ce‐chloride and Ce‐citrate) in low concentrations (<0.5 mM), was analysed. The degree of precipitation of the solid solution of AA7075 alloy was determined by measuring the electrical conductivity, while the surface morphology and appearance of intermetallic compounds before and after corrosion testing were analysed by SEM/EDS method. The general corrosion resistance of the tested alloy in NaCl solution and the degree of the inhibitory effect of the corrosion inhibitors were determined on the basis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements, while resistance to pit formation on the bases of Epit. AA7075 alloy showed high resistance to general corrosion in the presence of both tested inhibitors, while resistance to pit formation was significantly higher in the presence of Ce‐citrate (concentration 0.5 mM). Also, Ce‐citrate present in NaCl solution at lower concentrations provides satisfactory resistance of AA7075 alloy to general and pitting corrosion. A mechanism of protective action of Ce‐citrate inhibitor has been proposed.


A micro fiber acoustic sensor based on diaphragm structure is proposed. The thinnest waist region of microfiber was attached to the diaphragm surface by van der Waals' force to realize the packaging. Under the sound pressure level of 85 dB, the detection of 60–1000 Hz acoustic signal was realized. Finally, the vector sensing characteristic of acoustic signals was studied. The proposed microfiber acoustic sensor can respond to acoustic signals in the angle range of 324°-36° and 144°-216°.


The genome of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus(FMDV) O/LZ isolate was cloned by RT-PCR,and sequenced.The result showed that the genome of O/LZ isolate is 8 014nt in length,including partical 5′ UTR and complete polyprotein coding region,and their nucleotide sequence are 1 042nt and 6 969nt respectively.Comparison between O/LZ and other reference isolates indicates that O/LZ strain have a close evolutionary relationship with O/HNK/2002,O/ES/2001,O/CHP/TW/97,etc,O/LZ should be classified to Cathay topotype.Furthermore,comparison of deduced amino acid residues at the antigenic sites with PanAsia strain of FMDV serotype O ME-SA topotype shows there are obviously topotypical amino acid difference at Site 1 and Site 3,thus,suggesting the less antigenic relationships between these two topotype isolates.


to mitigate such effects. Those norms which are meant to be observed chiefly in time of peace belong to the law of arms control. Those imposing restrictions in time of war belong to the law of armed conflict, but there is a strong body of opinion which holds that peacetime rules on the protection of the environment are neither suspended nor terminated by armed conflict. The Gulf War has demonstrated the insufficiency and the weaknesses of existing constraints and the need to strengthen them.


Dynamic languages have been gaining popularity to the point that their performance is starting to matter. The effort required to develop a production-quality, high-performance runtime is, however, staggering and the expertise required to do so is often out of reach of the community maintaining a particular language. Many domain specific languages remain stuck with naive implementations, as they are easy to write and simple to maintain for domain scientists. In this paper, we try to see how far one can push a naive implementation while remaining portable and not requiring expertise in compilers and runtime systems. We choose the R language, a dynamic language used in statistics, as the target of our experiment and adopt the simplest possible implementation strategy, one based on evaluation of abstract syntax trees. We build our interpreter on top of a Java virtual machine and use only facilities available to all Java programmers. We compare our results to other implementations of R.


Snake venoms are made up of numerous proteinacious products and has varied functional effects on different cells of the body. Since the toxic components found in the venom does vary between species, the victims can present with numerous life‐threatening manifestations related to the neurotoxic and haemotoxic effects of venom. Thus, snakebite is one of the world's most neglected tropical diseases. Some of the snake venoms show strong haemotoxic properties that has effects on blood pressure, clotting factors and platelets, and thereby causing haemorrhage. This study was conducted from March 2014 to March 2017. We included only snakebites with hematotoxic manifestations. A total of 137 snake bite patients were studied during this period with a male to female ratio of 4:1. The majority of patients belonged to rural areas; most of them were bitten during outdoor activity. 60% of snakes were identified. The peak time of snake bite was between 6pm and 11pm. 75% bites were in the lower limb. The most common symptom was pain at the local site. Majority (97%) of patients with signs of systemic envenomation survived.


Morale education is very important for children. especially in elementary school, grade 1 to 3. During those period, a child can quickly learn how to solve a problem. Teachers and parents are the ones who are responsible to educate morale either at school or at home. Currently, they face some difficulties in morale teaching for the children. It seems that not many media can be used in the teaching process. This makes the children feel bored. This multimedia application is created as a solution to that problem. This application is designed in a form of a visual novel that can be used as an alternative media in morale education by teachers and parents. The main character in this application is Pinocchio. Pinocchio is a boy-like-wooden-toy which will have an adventure to the other fictional world / story such as Hansel and Gratel, and also Cinderella to help people in trouble.


A method of manufacturing a bis (phthalimide) of the composition, comprising a catalytically active amount and in a solvent selected from quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salt in the presence of a catalyst, and combinations thereof, reacting a substituted phthalic carboxylic acid anhydride with an organic diamine, wherein the conversion to bis (phthalimide) is 99% complete in less than 6 hours.


Sir: I read with interest the study by Harrison et al (Psychiatric Bulletin , August 2001, 25 , 310-313) about which patients are suitable for a home treatment service. The authors are right to comment that little has been written about the type of patient suitable for this approach. However, this


This paper presents an experimental study of the three-dimensional turbulent flow field in the tip region of an axial flow compressor rotor passage at a near stall condition. The investigation was conducted in a low-speed large-scale compressor using a 3-component Laser Doppler Velocimetry and a high frequency pressure transducer. The measurement results indicate that a tip leakage vortex is produced very close to the leading edge, and becomes the strongest at about 10% axial chord from the leading edge. Breakdown of the vortex periodically occurs at about 1/3 chord, causing very strong turbulence in the radial direction. Flow separation happens on the tip suction surface at about half chord, prompting the corner vortex migrating toward the pressure side. Tangential migration of the low-energy fluids results in substantial flow blockage and turbulence in the rear of a rotor passage. Unsteady interactions among the tip leakage vortex, the separated vortex and the corner flow should contribute to the inception of the rotating stall in a compressor.Copyright © 2001 by ASME


The social context in which death occurs may affect both the nature and quality of the death itself and those bereaved survivors. Disadvantaged, marginalised populations often struggle to have their grief needs acknowledged and supported, perhaps because of their social circumstances, associated health challenges or the beliefs, values and attitudes of those around them. This positional paper explores the loss and bereavement experiences of people with an intellectual disability, from a counselling and support perspective. It defines the population, introduces a range of challenges that may impact on effective bereavement counselling and support, explores the concept of disenfranchised grief and, finally, offers a 'continuum of support' model that acts as a framework for the development of bereavement counselling and support for this population.


A large number of transfusion‐dependent thalassemic patients is at a substantial risk for transfusion‐transmitted infections. Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is a blood‐borne pathogen and can be transmitted via cellular products. We aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of HTLV in transfusion‐dependent thalassemic patients referred to Tehran Adult Thalassemia Clinic.


Media proxy caching is an efficient method to provide instant access to multiple video objects in video streaming system. Research efforts in this area are not sufficient due to the possible huge number of heterogeneous requests to scalable encoded video objects. In this paper, we propose an optimized caching scheme for scalable video objects so that both transmission cost and access latency are minimized. A multi-objective optimization model is developed and the corresponding algorithms are designed. Our evaluation results show that compared with other caching methods, proposed scheme can achieve a significant reduction in transmission cost with even a small proxy cache size.


The invention relates to an image detecting method for grading of tomatoes. The detecting method comprises the following steps. The tomatoes continuously rotate to pass through an image collecting area, and at least three images of different surfaces are collected. The major area of the surface of each tomato is collected, an R channel image is extracted from collected RGB color space source images of the tomatoes, and average filtering is performed on the images. The processed images undergo threshold segmentation and binarization processing so as to obtain a binarization image, namely a target zone of the tomatoes. The edge of a target is the largest fruit diameter d of each tomato, and a color level value c in the target zone is calculated. Finally, the largest diameter d and the color level value c are compared with all set fruit diameters and color level value ranges of all grades, and the grade of each tomato is finally judged. According to the image detecting method for grading of the tomatoes, the calculating method is low in complexity, high in reliability, stable in standard, and good in application prospect.


The UK Higher Education sector is subject to continual scrutiny and measurement, not least via the Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF). For Government, teaching qualifications are synonymous with teaching excellence. Within the Creative Arts, however, this has always been problematic.
 The percentage of academics with teaching qualifications remains among the lowest in the sector, and technicians frequently deliver practice-based teaching. As technical teaching expands in both volume and sophistication, arts technicians are increasingly seeking recognition through the Higher
 Education Academy's Fellowship programme. This article reports on a small-scale study undertaken at a leading UK Creative Arts University that aimed to illuminate the experiences of four technicians gaining Fellowship. Insights suggest that these individuals were motivated to work across academic
 and technical camps. In doing so, they expanded their practice and networks, although they also experienced hierarchical paradoxes with management and colleagues.


In the development and rigorous verification of high-integrity software for safety-related industrial applications, an area of software engineering is identified, which does not require geographically close contact between software engineers and end users. On the contrary, the distance enforces more accurate specifications and better documentation, and reduces the danger of falling into thinking traps. A software engineering methodology specifically suited for distributed industrial control systems and programmable logic controllers employed in safety-related environments is described, which solely comprises the graphical interconnection of application-specific softwareICs at the end user. The use of the methodology requires extremely high demands for the quality of the software-ICs and, hence, high staff costs. Therefore, it is feasible to carry out these tasks in regions that possess a large number of well-trained but less well paid (by European or U.S. standards) engineers. As a side-effect of participating in the production and safety licensing process of dependable software, the development of information technology in those regions is fostered.


The given article treats the problem of flight of the capital from the economy of modern Russia not simply as the phenomenon or a condition, but as the factor of threat to economic safety.


High resolution high power W-band (92–100 GHz) spectroscopic system was design, constructed and experimentally tested. The system is based upon two parabolic mirrors and two diagonal mirrors, high power high resolution continuous wave tunable THz source and unique THz detector. The spectrometer is fully computerized. The quasi-optical system was design to transfer maximum beam power with minimum aberrations and minimum system internal reflections. Stray refractions were eliminated by placing absorber blocks around the system. Spectral resolution in the order of tens of kHz is achievable. The system was designed to measure transmission function, reflection function, back scattering and forward scattering of samples using wide collimated beam of 75 mm diameter in order to simulate THz imaging situation. A special particle cell was constructed in order to investigate the transmission function and reflection function of turbulent particles in the atmosphere. Reflection measurements with different incidence angles of various materials are given in this study. The experimental results prove that w-band imaging of dielectric materials is feasible. Furthermore, the illumination of the objects can be done with different angles on incident beam.


The present invention relates to improved multi ring surface multipartite low friction hard PVD coating, and preparation of the piston ring. The present invention is a vacuum arc plasma deposition using a vapor deposition method using a plurality of multi-arc ion source, in combination with various single and multi-element target metal target, the deposition surface of the multiple composite multilayer low friction steel or cast iron piston rings coefficient hard PVD coating. The coating consists of five-layer structure, the total thickness of up to 60μm. The surface of the piston ring plated with high bonding strength, high hardness, low coefficient of friction, good abrasion resistance. Control additive element Al, the addition amount of Mo, W, B, Si, Ti comparable single TiN or CrN coating to reduce the coefficient of friction and then 5 to 20%.


This article investigates a tension within queer theology, or more specifically between queer theory and Christian theology. Whereas queer theory seeks to deconstruct culturally constructed identities to trace the exclusions that are made in the name of cultural comprehensibility, theology explores the Christian identity as a means to strengthen it. The investigation focuses on the apparent conflict between the logic of a God-given Christian identity that dissolves all other identities, exemplified by Elisabeth Stuart's "Sacramental Flesh", and the theory of gender melancholia and this melancholia as constitutive for the gendered subject as presented by Judith Butler in Gender Trouble. However, this tension seems to be solved when focus is put on the possibility to see the Christian identity not as beyond cultural negotiation, but rather as in need to be enacted in culture. This is understood from two perspectives. First in terms of Butler's theories of performativity – cultural constructs become corporeal through constant reenactments. Second, in terms of Serene Jones' understanding of the righteousness of faith as a righteousness that is given to the Christian to perform. Finally, the article argues that with this notion of the Christian identity as beyond human grasp, given from an eschatological horizon, but still always performed in culture and therefore always in need of revision, it is possible to hold together queer theory and Christian theology.


The prevalence of excessive body weight and obesity among children is increasing in many countries, including our country. It is believed that one of the two most important reasons for this increase is insufficient physical activity of children. The aim of this study was to examine the state of the level of nourishment of preschool children in relation to their level of physical activity. The survey was conducted in preschools in Pancevo. The sample consisted of 193 children (88 boys and 105 girls), aged 4 and 5 years. The assessment of the level of nourishment of the children and their parents was done after the standard anthropometric measurements of height, body weight, determining the body mass index and waist circumference and comparing the obtained values with the growth plates given by the World Health Organization. Physical activity of the children was evaluated by a questionnaire which parents filled up. Inappropriate level of nourishment had 60 (31.1%) children, of which 26 (13.5%) with excessive body mass, obese 29 (15.0%), while 5 (2.5%) were malnourished. Children are most attracted to sports such as ballet or folk dances, ball games and swimming, but only 22 (15.83%) children are members of some sports club. The lack of finances and the lack of sports facilities and terrains are given as reasons by most parents. During the implementation of physical activities, 65.2% of children are never or sometimes exposed to excessive physical effort. The prevalence of insufficient physical activity among preschool children in Pancevo was high, particularly among children with excessive body weight and obese children. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors as well as behavior of parents significantly contributed to physical inactivity. .


The report summarizes the FY 1990 activities of the Metallurgy Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These activities center upon the structure-processing-properties relations of metals and alloys and on methods of measurement; and also include the generation and evaluation of critical materials data. Efforts comprise studies of metals processing and process sensors; advanced materials, including metal matrix composites, intermetallic alloys and superconductors; corrosion and electrodeposition; mechanical properties; magnetic materials; and high temperature reactions. The work described also includes two cooperative programs with professional societies (the Alloy Phase Diagram Program with ASM International, and the Corrosion Data Program with the National Association of Corrosion Engineers); two with trade associations (the Temperature Sensor Program with the Aluminum Association, and the Steel Sensor Program with the American Iron and Steel Institute); and several with industry including the Powder Atomization Consortium with three companies.


Students often hold strong attitudes regarding topics they encounter during their studies, and many instructors feel that these attitudes can have strong effects on students' performance. We characterized students' attitudes toward evolution and investigated the influence of students' attitudes (pre-course and post-course) regarding evolution on their performance in an evolution course, measured as their final grade. We found our students to hold positive attitudes toward evolution; these attitudes became more positive following the course. The most significant change in attitude occurred in the group of students initially undecided toward evolution. We also found that attitudes prior to the course had little influence on later achievement; however, at the end of the course, students' attitudes were positively related to final grades, although the effect was small. We argue that pedagogical techniques directly addressing students' attitudes help reduce the influence of attitudes (especially prior attitudes) on achievement. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 7–24, 2006


Observations made with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer during the course of the 1998 September-November outburst of the transient accreting pulsar XTE J1946+274 reveal a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (or "cyclotron line") in the hard X-ray spectrum near 35 keV. We determine a centroid energy of 36.2 keV, which implies a magnetic field strength of 3.1(1 + z) × 1012 G, where z is the gravitational redshift of the scattering region. The optical depth, τ = 0.33, and width, σ = 3.37 keV, are typical of known cyclotron lines in other pulsars. This discovery makes XTE J1946+274 one of 13 pulsars with securely detected cyclotron lines resulting in direct magnetic field measurements.


At the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) two new scanning deflectometric systems (Deflectometric Flatness Reference: DFR) were installed for measuring topographies of nearly flat surfaces with sub-nanometre uncertainty. The two systems can measure the form of horizontally and vertically orientated specimens with a diameter of up to 700 mm. The systems are based on different deflectometric procedures, the so-called direct and the difference deflectometry. With the flatness measuring systems, an uncertainty down to 0.1 nm (depending on the specimen and its peak-to-valley) is being aimed at for the 95% coverage interval. Virtual experiments show that the optical and mechanical components must be aligned in the arcsecond range in order to achieve errors for the topography in the sub-nanometre range. In this paper we describe the setup of the new DFR system for horizontally orientated specimens in detail and show methods and experimental results for an accurate alignment of the optical and mechanical components. We present an accurate alignment strategy for ultraprecise deflectometric measurements and show a measurement of a section at a horizontally orientated specimen.


Abstract This paper proposes a new approach for data security and reports the application of adaptivity in the design of an adaptive technology-based experimental cipher system. Our goal with this approach is to build a fast and secure cipher system based on two practices: using the cipher key to encode part of the information on the execution algorithm; and hiding another par t of that information as contro lled dynamic modifications imposed through changes applied to the execution algorithm. Because of the interesting properties of this proposal, authors expect the main ideas present in this paper be used in actual cryptosystems in a near future. 1. Introduction A common sense in cryptography is that encrypting and decrypting methods be publicly known, so its secrecy lies on the cryptography key. This idea is stated by Kerckhoff principle. The alternative of keeping hidden the description of the algorithm in order to achieve security is considered an ineffective strategy [Tanenbaum, 2003]. A publicly known algorithm allows cryptanalysts to explore its fragile points, i.e., knowledge on the operation of the algorithm allow inferring more efficient ways for breaking the cipher than simply doing exhaustive trials in order to determine the proper key. For example: x The obsolete Caesar cipher accepts any integer num ber as a key. Its ciphering idea consists of replacing each letter in a text with another one, displaced by a fixed amount in the alphabet sequence [Bishop, 2002][Tanenbaum, 2003]. Actually, there are only twenty-six different valid keys in this scheme, whose exhaustive trial may be easily performed. x The RSA is an asymmetric cipher [Bishop, 2002][Rivest; Shamir and Adleman, 1978][Tanenbaum, 2003] whose security relies on the difficulty of the factorization problem for large integers [Rivest; Shamir and Adleman, 1978]. Solving this problem requires breaking the cipher, despite the difficulty of determining prime factors for large integers. Modern crypto-algorithms use sophisticated sequences of operations in order to avoid such attacks and increase their security. As an example, the AES algorithm [Bishop, 2002][Daemen and Rijmen, 1999][Tanenbaum, 2003] is based on the Galois Field theory and uses multiple rounds. On each round, substitution, transposition and exclusive-or operations are performed. This paper presents a novel approach to perform data ciphering (and deciphering) through the use of adaptive technology. It proposes a novel way for the design of a cryptosystem-like ciphering system which hides part of the cipheri ng/deciphering logic in a way that both ensures Kerckhoff's principle and increases the difficulty to identify and explore its fragilities. Both the information and the logic changes are based on the chosen secret key. This method allows changing dynamically the hidden logic, driven by the contents of the input text, making it harder to explore its fragilitie s. Adaptive Technology is used to achieve that goal. Our proposal considers hiding part of the algorithm's logic and changing it in order to get a secure and fast ciphering algorithm for data secur ity. Such approach can eventually be used as a


The embodiment of the invention discloses a matching method for display windows and an electronic device. The method includes the following steps: the first touch operation of a first input device is acquired; when the first touch operation meets a first preset condition of the first display window, the first input device is matched with the first display window for use.


Describes a program designed to aid medical students relate more empathically to patients and their families. Outlines the content of sessions, notes resistances and attitudes toward the program, and offers an anecdotal evaluation of the educational project.


Isozyme phenotypes for eight enzyme systems were used to assess the origins and evolution of P. graminis f. sp. tritici (the wheat stem rust pathogen) in Australia. The results obtained by this approach agreed with pathways postulated on the basis of virulence studies, confirming the suggestion that most of the major changes in the wheat stem rust pathogen flora of Australia have resulted from overseas introductions. Moreover, they suggest that, although the more recent of these were from Africa, the first major change detected occurred as a result of an introduction from elsewhere.


This paper discusses the initial phases of design for a new comparative visualization tool for UrbanSim, a metropolitan-scale land use and transportation simulator. We discuss approaches to comparative visualization, focusing on visualization spreadsheets, which support the comparison processes currently in use. We present our initial approach to the design and usability testing of a visualization spreadsheet tool designed specifically for UrbanSim.


Proposes that the promotion decision‐making process contributes to the differential advancement of women and men in organizations. Compares the actual promotions of 13 women and 16 men at a company known for its diversity practices. Finds that bosses are more hesitant to promote women and require them to demonstrate personal strength and to prove themselves extensively before they get a promotion. Men are less likely to have promotions accounted for in terms of familiarity with job responsibilities and are more likely to have a high level of comfort with the boss as a reason for promotion. Strategies for addressing these differential dynamics include assessments of current promotion practices, modifications to human resource systems to increase accountability for the advancement of women, and coaching for decision makers and sponsors of high‐potential women.


Logistics is the physical flow process of the goods from the supply to the receiving entity. As a discipline by the people's attention after the oil crisis in 1973, due to many companies dedicated to the logistics industry,to take strong measures, to control the growth of logistics costs, thus achieved fruitful results in stabilizing the economy andpreventing a crisis.Since then,the idea of cost-saving is to create profit become a consensus, logistics has become the third profit source for companies.


Efavirenz inhibits the activity of viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase (i.e reverse transcriptase). The present work describes a simple, precise and accurate HPTLC method for its estimation as bulk and in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was carried out on precoated silica gel 60F254 aluminium plates using mixture of chloroform: ethyl acetate (9:1 v/v) as mobile phase and densitometric evaluation of spots was carried out at 247 nm using Camag TLC Scanner-3 with win CAT 1.3.4 version software. The experimental parameters like band size of the spot applied, chamber saturation time, solvent front migration, slit width etc. were critically studied and optimum conditions were evolved. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed method was ascertained by evaluating various validation parameters like linearity (1000-5000 ng/spot), precision (intra-day RSD 0.66-1.44%, inter-day RSD 0.87-1.42%), accuracy (98.07 to 99.07 %) and specificity according to ICH guidelines. The proposed method can analyze eight or more formulation units simultaneously on a single plate and provide a faster and cost-effective quality control tool for routine analysis of efavirenz as bulk drug and in tablet formulation.


WEI Jian-hong 1'2) ZHAO Xiu-jian 1) XIAO Jing ~) GAN Jian-guo 1) YUAN Run-zhang 1) SI-H Jing 2) 1) Wuhan University of Technology 2) Wuhan University ( Received: April 16,2001 ) Abstract: Ag-Ti02 thin films were prepared on glasses. The morphology and structure of Ag-Ti02 films were i ~ a t e d by XRD, SEM and FT-IR. The photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties of AgTi02 thin films were also evaluated by examining photocatalytic degradation dichlorophos under sunlight illumination and the change of contact angle respectively. The research results show that the AgTiO 2 thin film is mainly arnposed of 20 lOOnmAg and Ti02 particles. The Ag-I~02 thinfilms possess a super-hydrophilic ability and higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure Ti02 thin film.


"Qing Shi"(Love Story) was a collection of stories but it bears no name of the editor,only with a preface by Long Ziyou, a penname of somebody in the late Ming dynasty.It is confirmed in this paper that the editor was Feng Menglong, a renowned writer of the Ming dynasty.


The key to achieving regional development goals is the existence of human resources. This study analyzes the role of technology and tax distribution in improving the progress on human development in all provinces of Indonesia in 2015-2019.This research uses panel data regression static. In this research, there is a positive influence from technology in improving human development. These conditions indicate that the appropriate use of technology by the community can encourage the improvement of human quality resources. Other findings there is a positive influence from tax distribution in improving human development The performance of tax revenues and financing needs that are getting better and on a target in the economy can improve the quality of human development.


I address the problem of responding to common heuristic strategies in bilateral alternating-offers negotiations. Existing work has identified best responses to one limited class of heuristics, the static acceptance model, and has provided approximate best-response algorithms for the more general class of time-dependent acceptance models. I extend this work to the two-sided negotiation case; provide a fast exact algorithm for computing a best response to time-dependent agents, which include time-based aspiration agents; and then generalize this response to the class of k -history dependent agents, which includes tit-for-tat agents.


Three hundred (300) grower snails, one hundred and fifty e ach of the black-skinned and the white-skinned ectotypes of A. marginata snail with weights ranging from 31.11 to 33.47 g were selected from an earl ier study. The snails were randomly allotted into three treatments ( mating groups) of one hundred black-skinned, one hundred white-skinned and one hundred mixed skin colour (fifty black-skinned : fifty white-skinned) ectotypes and raised in wooden cell compartments measuring 40 x 40 sq. cm x 30 cm depth to obtain eggs used in the evaluation of egg traits, egg incubation period and hatc hability, and snailets survivability. Results obtained from the study showed that significant (P 0.05). We therefore recommend the intensive domestication and cross breeding of these ectotypes of A. marginata for higher productivity to meet the animal protein supply of the popu lace. Especially in view of the fact that snailets survivability and weights at hatch were not drastically influenced by the mating combinations.


Dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) and its undigested high molecular fraction (HMF) exhaustively digested with proteases, compared with casein (CAS), significantly reduced serum and liver cholesterol concentration in rats. Biliary excretion of cholesterol was significantly higher in rats fed SPI and HMF than in those fed CAS. Hepatic expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter G5 (ABCG5) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 (ABCG8) mRNA was significantly higher in rats fed SPI and HMF than in those fed CAS. These observations suggest that increased biliary excretion of cholesterol in SPI and HMF groups is caused by the enhanced expression of Abcg5/Abcg8.


Studies on gender discourse have mainly focused on patriarchal tendencies pervasive in most societies. Literary scholarship has focused on the concept of male dominance buttressed by cultural ideologies inimical to the female gender. One of the distinctive aspects of Wole Soyinka's dramaturgy is his ingenious adaptation of Shakespearean and Euripidian drama. This paper explores Wole Soyinka's reconfiguration of gender in his adaptation of Euripides' The Bacchae in his The Bacchae of Euripides: A Communion Rite. Despite the two plays being separated by more than two millenniums, the article shows how Wole Soyinka's transposition of the Euripidian play speaks to African traditional and contemporary realities. Reading the plays from the standpoint of Greek and African notions of spirituality, the paper highlights the multifaceted portrayals of women in the plays and shows how aspects of spirituality may engender marginalisation and also empower female characters to contest patriarchal structures.


Those aspects of automated or computer-aided cable design which are pertinent to the optimization of the performance and economics of underground power transmission cables are discussed. This study concluded that it is possible to optimally design an electric energy cable using a computer algorithm. The formulation of the index of performance is relegated to engineering judgement. The optimization procedure described is a gradient method. The load current can be modeled as a stochastic process. Utilization of a stochastic model yields more realistic analysis of the cable. A useful design tool, unit cost, has been introduced. For a problem in which exact costs are difficult to formulate, this provides a method to compare alternate designs. The design procedure has incorporated the effects of inequality constraints. A signal conclusion relates to cost reduction: cost reductions are comensurate with more efficient design. A realistic 1/0 cable design, with increased current carrying capability at the same cost is evidence of the more efficient design.