Abstract : The report describes application of a dust-control system, DCA-1295 reinforced with fiberglass, for erosion control. Application conditions were unusual in several ways. A soil sterilant was used prior to application of the DCA-1295/fiberglass system after it was ascertained that the sterilant would be compatible with the dust-control materials. A soil sterilant was deemed necessary because the most common type of vegetation in this area, tumbleweed, is ineffective in controlling erosion. Vegetative growth occurring after the dust-control materials had been placed would have destroyed the system. Most of the area to be treated was on slopes ranging from 1V on 4H to 1V on 2H. Vehicular traffic (e.g. that of distributor vehicles) was not possible in the area; therefore, all materials were applied using hand-held hoses.


Cancer
Many clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) have alterations to the gene encoding the von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL). VHL is a ubiquitin ligase that degrades target proteins when they are prolyl-hydroxylated. Zhang et al. performed a genome-wide search for VHL target (see the Perspective by Sanchez and Simon). They identified ZHX2, a protein with structural motifs that indicate DNA binding. ZHX2 has been implicated in tumor suppression. Loss of ZHX2 inhibited signaling through the transcription factor NF-κB, and ZHX2 bound to many NF-κB target genes. Depletion of ZHX2 slowed growth of ccRCC cells in vitro and in a mouse model.

Science , this issue p. [290][1]; see also p. [226][2]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aap8411
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4385


0. Summary. Let {X,} be a sequence of independent random variables and let Y B = 1 B =1 Xi An be a sequence of normed, centered sums such that, for appropriately chosen normalizing coefficients (Bn -4 oo) and centering constants, {Y,} converges in law to a nondegenerate limit distribution G. B. V. Gnedenko asked the following question: What characterizes the class of limit distributions {G} when there are r different distribution functions among those of the random variables {XI}? Let gr denote this class of distribution functions. As is well-known, Y1 is the class of stable distributions. V. M. Zolotarev and V. S. Korolyuk [8] have shown that 2 consists solely of stable distributions and convolutions of two stable distributions. It was thought that 0. K. Lebedintseva [4] had shown that this was true for r > 2 (with two replaced by less than or equal to r) with the added hypothesis that one of the r possible distribution functions of the summands X" belongs either to the domain of attraction of a stable distribution, or to a domain of partial attraction of only one type. However, V. M. Zolotarev and V. S. Korolyuk [8] gave an example that showed that 0. K. Lebedintseva's theorem did not completely settle the matter. However, A. A. Zinger [7] gave a necessary and sufficient condition on the Levy spectral function of G in order that G be in r. His theorem shows that Lebedintseva's result is incorrect. In this same paper, A. A. Zinger proved a theorem that gives a necessary condition on the distribution functions of the summands Xn in order that G be a convolution of r distinct stable distributions. Here we expand Zinger's theorem to obtain a necessary and sufficient condition that G be a convolution of r distinct stable distributions. Some related results are also obtained.


PurposeModular integrated construction (MiC) is the most advanced off-site construction technology. However, the application of MiC for high-rise buildings is still limited and challenging. One critical issue is tower crane layout planning (TCLP) to guarantee safe and efficient multiple crane-lifts for module installation, which, however, has been insufficiently explored. For filling this knowledge gap, this paper aims to systematically explore the critical considerations on TCLP for high-rise MiC to support contractors in determining the optimal crane layout plan.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a multimethod strategy. First, previous studies on TCLP and critical features of MiC were reviewed to develop a conceptual model of TCLP considerations. Second, expert interviews with 15 construction planners were conducted to identify the critical TCLP considerations for high-rise MiC. Third, a multicase study with three high-rise MiC projects was undertaken to demonstrate and verify the identified considerations.FindingsThe paper characterises critical considerations on TCLP as performance criteria and influencing factors and identifies 7 critical performance criteria and 25 influencing factors for high-rise MiC. Specifically, the features of MiC (e.g. various modularised layout design, heavyweight and large size of modules) were found to significantly affect the crane layout performance (i.e. technical feasibility, safety and economic efficiency).Originality/valueThe paper is the first-of-its-kind study on crane layout planning for high-rise modular buildings, which contributes a two-stage multicriteria decision-making framework integrated with systematic TCLP considerations. The findings should help contractors determine safe and efficient tower crane layout plans for high-rise MiC projects.


The hardness,compress strength,impact strength,and tribological properties of the composite were analysed in this research.The microstructures and worn surfaces on the surface were studied by using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the mechanisms were further discussed.The results showed that the glass bead improved its hardness,compress strength and wear property of the composite.The impact strength of the composite decreased because of the interface flaw.With the increase of the filler content,the transition of mainly abrasion mechanism was from adhesive wear to particles wear,while the friction coefficient also increased.


In two-player contests, optimal delegation involves giving the agent incentives to maximize the principal's payoff while in contests with more than two players incentives will be different from the principal's payoff maximization. These results are related to the evolutionary stability of payoff-maximizing preferences in the model of indirect evolution in general symmetric games, which depends on the slope of the reaction function being zero at equilibrium. Further examples of the relationship are also discussed.


This report describes laboratory-scale studies made to evaluate the feasibility of using uranium(IV)-hydrazine instead of ferrous sulfamate-sulfamic acid as the partitioning agent in the Hanford Atomic Products Operation Purex separations plant. Iron(II), in combination with sulfamic acid as a holding reductant, has been used very successfully for many years as a plutonium reductant in solvent extraction separation processes for irradiated nuclear fuels. However, the iron remains in the radioactive wastes produced in the separation processes. Its presence in these wastes accelerates corrosion of waste concentration equipment, complicates treatment of the waste for by-product recovery and adds to the total quantity of contaminated salts which must be stored. Much effort has gone into searches for plutonium reductans which would not have the disadvantages associated with iron(II). Uranium(IV) has been proposed since, having acted as reductant, it is extracted along with uranium from the irradiated fuels and does in solvent extraction separations processes have involved mixer-settler contactors. The HAPO Purex plant has pulsed-column contactors. This difference, plus certain problems due to the particular flowsheet conditions used, required that additional laboratory studies be made to determine the feasibility of using uranium(IV) in the HAPO Purex plant.


This book describes recent research and development in the area of Internet signaling, including architecture, protocols and practices for applications of IP based networks that require any type of signaling functions. The text explains the principles and concepts of a generic IP signaling architecture. It discusses the design of protocols both for generic transport of signaling application data over IP networks and for performing the actual application specific functionalities upon the generic transport services. Readers will benefit from the practical experiences of the authors on the design and development of first implementations as well as performance and scalability studies.


The present invention relates to a patient breathing system comprising a ventilator (2) providing driving gas flow to generate patient inspiration, the ventilator further comprising a gas inlet (2a) for driving gas, the patient breathing system being connectable to a circle comprising an inspiratory hose (3) and an expiratory hose (4) connected to patient, through which circle expired gases can be circulated back to the patient (1). The circle further comprises a fresh gas inlet (6), an arrangement (7, 8) for enabling the gas flow in a desired direction, a unit (10) for removal of the exhaled carbon dioxide, and a ventilator port (9) for the ventilator connection. The patient breathing system further comprises an arrangement (11) by which driving gas of the ventilator (2) has been separated from the patient gases flowing in the circle.; The arrangement (11) separating the driving gas of the ventilator (2) and the patient gases flowing in the circle, is formed by an extended gas pathway (12) between the circle and the ventilator.


The paper analyzes and compares the locations of water intake and diversion lines of Wenyu River Diversion Project of Jiaocheng County,puts forward more scientific and rational plan of this project.It provides the reference to implement the diversion project.


A model of bedding rock slope is established using FLAC2D program,and the dynamic response laws and the influence of parameters of ground motion on the dynamic responses under earthquake action are analyzed.It is shown that the structural surface plays a main control role on the failure of bedding rock slopes,displacement mainly takes place in the rock mass which on the potential sliding surface.The seismic waves are amplified by the vertical direction and free face of the slopes;and the filter function of bedding rock slope is not as apparent as soil slope.Different rock formations produce a significant amplification at certain frequency.The amplification coefficients of acceleration below the crest of slope decrease when the amplitudes and frequencies of seismic waves increase.The phenomenon is obvious in rock mass with relatively low intensity,but the dynamic response of slope becomes serious.The amplification coefficients of acceleration are less affected by the duration,while the duration has a great influence on the shear strain increment.The maximum displacement of the slope evidently increases with the increasing amplitudes and duration of earthquakes ground motion,while the maximum displacement of the slope decreases with the increase of predominant frequencies.It is approved that the failure of slope under earthquake action consists of the tension failure in the upper part and the shear failure in the lower part.The study results are helpful to further researches on the mechanism of slope instability under earthquakes action.


Load demand forecasting is a broad branch of electric power systems engineering. In the last few decades, hundreds of methods have been suggested by many brilliant researchers around the world to improve the current forecasting tools. These tools are categorized as: deterministic, probabilistic, stochastic, and artificial intelligent (AI) algorithms. Among these approaches, artificial neural networks (ANNs) proved themselves as very competitive and highly precise methods to accurately forecast energy. ANNs are divided into two main types called: feed-forward networks and recurrent/feedback networks, where each type of them has multiple sub-types. This study tries to improve the performance of any existing type/sub-type of ANNs by optimizing its configuration through using the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm. The number of input variables, layers, neurons, and the types of activation functions and training algorithm all are optimized. The goal is to preserve the simplicity, so only very simple multi-layer feed-forward ANNs are used instead of using time-series-based feed-forward/feedback ANNs. To prove the effectiveness of hybridizing ANNs with evolutionary algorithms (EAs), numerical simulations are carried-out on some Nova Scotia's loads. The results obtained from these optimally configured ANN s are highly significant, and thus they confirm that allegation.


If the unit-cell distribution of atomic mean-square displacement parameters B = 8pi(2) is assumed to be normal, with mean micro = and variance sigma(2) = <(B-)(2)>, the statistical expectation value of the Debye-Waller factor W(2) = exp(-2Bs(2)), where s = (sin theta)/lambda, is = exp[-2( micro - sigma(2)s(2))s(2)]. This result has been incorporated into procedures for scaling and normalizing measured Bragg intensities to their Wilson expectation values. The procedures can determine both isotropic micro (B) and sigma(B) and anisotropic micro (U(ij)) and sigma(U(ij) distribution parameters. Tests with experimental data and refined structural models for several protein crystals show that the procedures yield reliable normalized structure-factor amplitudes for direct-methods applications, with values of R = summation operator (h)||E(o)| - |E(c)||/ summation operator (h)|E(o)| averaging approximately 5%.


This paper presents a new method for determining the Thévenin equivalent parameters of a power system at a node. A graphical method for deriving Thévenin equivalent parameters using online PMU measurements is developed based on representing and manipulating the measured voltage phasors in the complex voltage plane. The proposed method has the ability to use a large numbers of measurements for individual calculation thus providing greater tolerance of bad and erroneous measurements. The method is both computationally efficient and displays improved performance over similar methods when implemented using actual PMU data. Keywords— Phasor measurement, power system, Thévenin Equivalent.


Synchronized cells of Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL‐C were exposed to cycloheximide (CHI) (0.2 μg per ml) from 40 to 140 minutes after the end of the heat synchronizing treatment. Recovery takes place during this treatment (Frankel, 1970). The CHI was washed out at 140 minutes. At various times after washout dividing cells were isolated in micro‐drops under oil, and one daughter was transferred to a test drop containing CHI (0.2 μ per ml). The generation time of both daughters was recorded, and the "percent prolongation" of generation time brought about by the test exposure of one cell to CHI was computed for each cell‐pair. This procedure was carried out for groups of cell‐pairs at different times after the end of the CHI pretreatment. Comparable tests were performed with two control series, one which had not previously been exposed to CHI and another for which CHI was present continuously. Comparison of the prolongation observed in control and experimental series demonstrated that cells which have earlier undergone recovery in CHI gradually become resensitized following washout of the drug. Cells progressively lose most of their original resistance in a period of somewhat over three cell generations; however, a small but significant fraction of this resistance is still retained seven to eight generations after the CHI pretreatment.


The effect of thalidomide was investigated in 12 patients with chronic lupus erythematosus resistant to classical treatment (antimalarial drugs, topical steroids). 10 patients were improved and 2 were


Background: Autonomic nervous function, as quantified by heart rate variability (HRV), has shown promise in predicting clinically important outcomes in the critical care setting; however, there is debate concerning its utility. HRV analysis was assessed as a practical tool for outcome prediction in two South African hospitals and compared with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring. Method: In a dual centre, prospective, observational cohort study of patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU) of two hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa frequency domain HRV parameters were explored as predictors of: all-cause mortality at 30 days after admission; ICU stay duration; the need for invasive ventilation; the need for inotrope/vasopressor therapy; and the need for renal replacement therapy. The predictive ability of HRV parameters against the APACHE II score for the study outcomes was also compared. Results: A total of 55 patients were included in the study. Very low frequency power (VLF) was shown to predict 30-day mortality in ICU (odds ratio 0.6; 95% confidence interval 0.396–0.911). When compared with APACHE II, VLF remained a significant predictor of outcome, suggesting that it adds a unique component of prediction. No HRV parameters were predictive for the other secondary outcomes. Conclusion: This study found that VLF independently predicted all-cause mortality at 30 days after ICU admission. VLF provided additional predictive ability above that of the APACHE II score. As suggested by this exploratory analysis larger multi-centre studies seem warranted.


The aim of this article is, first, to provide a justification for the continued usefulness of the historical term 'civil society', and second, to examine in this context the challenges arising ahead in the postcommunist European societies which, after the collapse of communism, have adopted the model of liberal democracy. One of their crucial goals is the renewal of civil society, which is one of the main conditions of a properly functioning democratic order. I argue that the development of civil society in postcommunist countries is one of the major pre-conditions for their political stability. It should be stressed that civil society is not only a descriptive category but also a normative one for it presupposes a certain level of civic culture and civic consciousness. Historically, if we look at the theories of Smith, Hegel or Marx, civil society was understood as a bourgeois society. At present, what is at stake in the debates animating political and social theory in both East and West, is the question of what version of civil society should prevail. I shall argue that the development of civil society and the democratisation of the social and political spheres should be seen as a mutual process leading to political and economic stability. The actual experience of postcommunist societies in East-Central Europe, attempting liberalisation and democratisation, shows that this mutual process needs a more comprehensive understanding and theoretical explanation.


We report the making of a double-beam laser spectrometer to measure absorption spectra in the ν5 + ν9 combination vibrational band of ethylene in the region of λ = 1.6 μm. The spectrometer is used to find a portion of the spectrum that has well-resolved absorption lines of all four nuclear spin isomers of ethylene molecules. The rotational quantum numbers of these absorption lines and the nuclear spin isomers of ethylene molecules responsible for them are identified.


THE DISPLAY BY INVENTION INCLUDES RESISTIVE NON LINEAR 64, 77 COUPLED EACH ELEMENT DISPLAY 54 TO ORDER A SELECTIVE ACTIVATION OF ELEMENTS DISPLAY IN RESPONSE TO CONTROL SIGNAL EACH ELEMENT RESISTIVE NON-LINEAR SETS WITH ELEMENTS RECTIFIERS FORMS BY THIN LAYER DEPOSIT AND MOUNTED IN PARALLEL WITH ONE ANOTHER WITH ALL OPPOSING pOLARITIES. EACH PACKAGE MAY INCLUDE ONE OR MORE FORMS RECTIFIER ELEMENTS, FOR EXAMPLE, JOINTS PN PINE JUNCTION, SCHOTTKY JUNCTION, ETC., FOR CONTENTS OF USE AS SILICON AS AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL, AND THE COMPONENTS MAY BE RECTIFIERS WILLING FOLLOWING A MULTI SYSTEM TO REDUCE THE AREA oCCUPIED DISPLAY, OR MAY BE PROVIDED WITH TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES pOSITIVELY TO USE THE INCIDENT LIGHT TO INCREASE THE CURRENT FLOW.


Geomicrobiology is a new branch of earth sciences developed since the end of the twentieth century. It studies mainly the microbial processes in geologic environment and all kinds of geochemical records generated in these processes. Through microbial existence and evolution in the earth history at the various extreme environments such as high temperature, high pressure, extreme acidity and alkalinity, high salinity, very high radioactivity, large earth depth, etc. and different kinds of geochemical records in the interactions between microorganisms and their geologic environments, this discipline studies the cycling of life-essential elements(C, H, O, N, S, Fe, etc.) in the global and local scales in relation to microorganisms in the Earth's history to set a context for further research for the microbic weathering, biomineralization, microbic ecocycling in the geologic environment and the ecological environment. The present paper also concerns the interaction of microorganisms with minerals, microbic ecology at the extreme environments, and molecular geomicrobiology.


Abstract The effectiveness of railway brakes is highly dependent on the thermal condition of the brake disc and friction linings. An effective research method for the heat transfer process in brakes was computer simulation and experimental tests on a full-size dynamometric test bench. A two-dimensional, axially symmetric numerical model of transient thermal conductivity in a railway brake was presented. Appropriate boundary conditions of the problem were applied, describing the heat generated in the brake and discharged to the environment. The problem was solved using the finite-element method. This article presents exemplary results of the brake temperature calculations obtained using the numerical model and the results of experimental tests carried out on two types of brake discs.


The purpose of the article is to inform national specialists involved in tuberculosis control about methods for compilation of WHO global tuberculosis statistics, which are used when developing strategies and programmes for tuberculosis control and evaluation of their efficiency.  The article explains in detail the notions of main WHO epidemiological rates, used in the international publications on tuberculosis along with the data on their registered values, new approaches to making the list of country with the highest burden of tuberculosis, drug resistant tuberculosis and tuberculosis with concurrent HIV infection. The article compares the rates in the Russian Federation with global data as well as data from countries within WHO European Regions and countries with highest TB burden. It presents materials on the achievement of Global goals in tuberculosis control and main provisions of WHO End TB Strategy for 2015-2035 adopted as a part of UNO Sustainable Development Goals.


Saving energy is the most important issue in the 21st century. New high qualitative thermal insulation materials are of critical importance to energy-efficient building design, transportation and aircraft industry. We propose to combine aramid honeycombs with aerogels to manufacture such new types of advanced insulation materials. Aramid honeycombs produced from aramid fibers by the expansion method possess extremely high stiffness-to-weight ratio and are heat-resisting up to 550°C. Aerogels are nanostructured highly open-porous solid materials synthesized by sol-gel process, mostly dried with supercritical carbon dioxide. They possess densities about 0.05-0.1 g/cm3, surface area in the range of 500-1000 m2/g, low thermal conductivity 0.01-0.03 W/mK and high sound absorption. Due to these excellent properties aerogels are brilliant insulation materials. The filling of honeycomb cells with aerogels can considerably reduce the thermal conductivity due to elimination of air convection and radiation effects.
We investigated aramid honeycomb-cores with various cell sizes filled with two types of organic resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogel: a rubber-like flexible one [1] to ensure a certain elasticity of the composite which is important for some applications and a hard, brittle one produced according to Pekala synthesis route[2]. The resulting composite materials exhibit a combination of both component properties. On the one hand the aerogel decreases the thermal conductivity of the composite, on the other hand the honeycomb increases its stiffness. Thus we could produce a resilient, light insulating material with a good mechanical load capacity.
The poster presents the fabrication route, the materials properties and discusses the results.


In order to deeply carry out the Double-Hundred Action and improve the demonstration and popularization effect of the science and technology achievements of our academy,a web cluster services system with Fujian Science and Technology Correspondent Network as its portal and the demonstration base as its sub website was built through website group management technology.It realized the resource sharing and synchronous updating of the main website and sub websites,and therefore enhanced the information management level of the demonstration base.


Centri sociali have been a common social, political, and spatial phenomenon in Italian cities since the 1970s. Since then, they emerged as active, youth-oriented places of left-wing and radical activism often operating at the margins of the urban fabric and in conflict with local institutions. In addition to political action, Centri Sociali play a social and cultural role in cities as spaces of leisure, social aggregation, and mutual support. This paper investigates how these groups locate themselves in an increasingly neoliberal urban environment by exploring their goals, the role they play in the wider communities, the issues they wish to address, and the strategies they mobilise. After presenting an overview of the concept and history of Italian Centri Sociali, the theoretical concept of urban neoliberalism is used to set the scene in which such groups are currently active and to explain the nature of the issues and challenges they aim to tackle. Further, the actions and strategies used by Centri Sociali are analysed through the lenses of Social Innovation Theory. This paper aims to understand how social innovation is used by Centri Sociali to create alternative urban spaces outside of neoliberal and capitalistic dynamics. It does so by using secondary data retrieved through literature review and through primary data collected via semi-structured interviews with 15 representatives from various Centri Sociali around Italy.


Physical design of modern VLSI circuits depends on effective automation methods. The enormous size of physical design problems and increasingly tighter design specifications, make automation the only efficient and economical way of designing ICs. In the late 1980s it became clear that timing issues in synchronous designs would dominate future physical design problems. In the early 1990s, the advent of portable communications and computing products, has made low power consumption a very important issue in physical design. In the middle 1990s the emergence of deep submicron fabrication technologies has created new, difficult design problems which have renewed research efforts on VLSI diming-driven physical design.
In this thesis, problems arising from the physical design of synchronous circuits are investigated. In particular, the problems of buffered and gated clock network designs are formulated. Algorithms are then proposed to satisfy both timing and power reduction objectives on clocking networks. In addition, an efficient and simple algorithm for timing-oriented routing is proposed. The last part of this thesis investigates timing-driven placement. This thesis focuses on net-based timing-driven placement by proposing a novel algorithm pre-placement net delay budgeting. A novel formulation for the problem iterative placement and net delay re-budgeting is proposed. New algorithms for timing-driven placement with net delay budgets, for net delay re-budgeting in the presence of a placement, for placement refinement in the presence of net budgets are proposed. Experimental results for all of the algorithms proposed in this thesis are also given.


Why do firms engage in costly, voluntary disclosure of information which is eventually subsumed by a later announcement? We consider a model in which the firm's manager can choose to disclose short-term information which becomes redundant later. When disclosure costs are sufficiently low, we show the manager discloses such information even if she only cares about the long-term price of the firm. Intuitively, by doing so, she decreases information acquisition by early investors but increases acquisition by late investors. We show that the subsequent increase in acquisition more than offsets the initial decrease and, consequently, improves long term prices.


The fast Fourier transform (FFT) has in recent years become an important tool to the engineer. There are a number of algorithms which calculate the FFT. One such algorithm is the Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithm (radix-2) which lends itself rather easily to a combination software and hardware implementation. With a micro-computer as the controller of a data acquisition module and hardware which computes the butterfly associated with the FFT algorithm, the FFT can be calculated efficiently.


Each year in the US, nearly 5 million people are treated for skin cancer. There are now more cases of skin cancer than the combined incidence of breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers. Approximately 40-50% of Americans who live to age 65 will have either a basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma at least once. Even scarier, one person dies of melanoma every hour in the US. Data from the UACC skin cancer registry suggests that people living in Southern Arizona have an incidence of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers 4-7 times the incidence as more northern regions of the US.


Experiments were conducted to understand the principles behind polymeric pads during pre-CMP conditioning. Nylon, polycarbonate, and polyurethane pads were tested against copper pins in a slurry containing 3 wt % alumina nanoparticles. The surface properties of pads were estimated after conditioning. The wear of pads along with friction coefficient was evaluated during friction experiments. Results show that contact angles of polycarbonate and polyurethane pads increase with their surface roughness, while those of nylon show the opposite tendency. Surface roughness of pads induced by conditioning could influence the wear performance of nylon and polycarbonate, more than that of the polyurethane pad. Our previous study has shown that the stimulation of friction induces materials transfer during CMP. In this work, we further investigated the effect of such transfer on wear mechanisms of pads during conditioning and polishing. Compared with nylon and polycarbonate, chemical and material properties of polyurethane and their tribological performance are more stable. This makes polyurethane a unique material for CMP.


this volume is distinctive as a collaboration from a mainline scholar (puskas) and a more evangelical scholar (Crump). the authors' stated aim is to fill a gap in current literature by providing a concise, single-volume introduction for students, pastors, and teachers that covers both the Gospels and Acts. By combining their efforts they hope to introduce their readers 'to the various ways historical and literary evidence can be evaluated depending on one's presuppositions and different methodological perspectives' (pp. viii–ix). By refusing to draw hard and fast conclusions, the authors invite the reader to participate in the debate. Chapter 1 surveys the historical, cultural, and religious landscape into which the Nt documents were written, and chapter 2 is an entrée into the historical methods of criticism, specifically source, form, and redaction criticism. positing markan priority, the authors devote the next chapter to mark, which is followed by a chapter on matthew, two chapters on Luke–Acts (covering literary features and key themes), and a chapter on John. the focus for each gospel is primarily on literary and theological features, but the date, authorship, and place of writing for each book is also considered. the unique approach of this book, which articulates divergent viewpoints, is indeed a strength. however, not all the disputed issues are clearly indicated as such throughout the book. thus, it will probably be utilized most effectively in a classroom setting. this volume is also clearly presented and is peppered with helpful charts and diagrams, including those that outline major themes and emphases of each book. one lacuna in this work is the lack of a bibliography which would have been a helpful addition for the introductory student. All things considered, this concise and affordable introduction succeeds handsomely in what it sets out to accomplish.


The concept of competence: its relevance to psychological development and education The term «competence» is examined in ordinary language and also its relation with other familiar terms in the natural history of learning (skill, aptitude, knowledge, and similar ones). Further, the meaning of this term is conceptually allocated in the framework of behavior theory, as a technical term useful in the analysis of psychological development and education.


The purpose of this study was to get a data which can provide a basis for future direction in nutritional education and to build up right eating habit and to find the way how to improve food life and the nutritional supply by evaluating the current nutritional intake of average middle school girls through the survey study of their daily food intakes and physical status. The survey of nutritional intakes and physical status in two girls middle schools, namely Jang'hung girls middle school at Jang'hung Up and Bo'song girls middle school at Bo'song Up, were carried by teachers majoring in Home Economics and nurse-teachers from 5 July to 7 July 1983. From a total of 1080 subjects of two girls middle schools, 887 subjects were surveyed. The results obtained from survey are summarized as follow: 1) Physical Status Average height, weight and chest girth of subjects in both middle schools were much lower than the Korean average standard (p<0.005~p<0.001) and t-score of differences between two middle school girls were not significant. R?hrer index, nutrition rate and physique rate were also lower than Korean averag standard through all the ages in both girls middle schools. Menarche appeared mainly between the age of 13 to 15 (91.55 %), with a mean age of 14 (35.01 %) and which was experienced by the subjects of 51.52 percentage among total surveyed middle school girls. 2) Nutritional Intakes The average daily intakes of all nutrient except iron, vitamin A, thiamin, ascorbic acid and niacin was lower than Korean Recommanded Dietary Allowances (RDA). Especially average intake of calorie and calcium were much lower than Korean RDA(p<0.001) while average intake of thiamine and ascorbic acid were much higher than Korean RDA (p<0.001). T-score of differences of iron, thiamin, riboflavin between two middle school girls were very significant (p<0.001). Generally iron and riboflavin were the highest rate of intakes through three meals and breakfast took charge of considerable amount of all nutrient intake without omitting anything (about 30 % of daily nutrient intake). The nutrients of which ratio of nutrient intake by snack was more than 16.7 % were vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, ascorbic acid etc. and snack foods which were intaked frequently in both middle school girls commonly were fruits, milk and milk products, bread and biscuits in sequence. 3) Correlations and t-score between physical status, menarche and nutrient intakes. Average intake of calorie at Jang'hung area was positively correlated with height, weight, nutrition rate and physique rate and this correlation was very significant (p<0.005). Average intake of calorie was also correlated with chest girth and R?hrer index (p<0.05). At Bo'song area, averae intake of riboflavin was negatively correlated with all the items of physical status (p<0.05-p<0.005), vitamin A was negatively correlated with chestg irth and R?hrer index (p<0.05 respect ively) and thiamin was also negatively correlated with chest girth, R?hrer index and nutrition rate (p<0.05 respectively). Especially niacin showed a negative correlation with all the items of physical status very significantly (p<0.005). The time of menarche showed a positive correlation with iron in both middle school girls commonly p<0.05 at Jang'hung, p<0.10 at Bo'song).


Survival and regeneration of spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) following deafening carries critical implication for cochlear implantation as well as reinnervation of restored hair cells. Survival and development of SGN depend on neurotrophic factors supplied by hair cells glial cells and other targets. The membrane electrical activity of spiral ganglion neurons also support their survival. Cell death inhibitors can also preserve spiral ganglion neurons. Recent studies of spiral ganglion survival including stem cell transplantation have identified several neurotrophic factors which protect neurons from death following hair cell loss. Although these experimental results are still preliminary, progression in study of strategy for SGN survival should be an important part of future neurobiology.


A semiconductor manufacturing process is provided. First, a wafer is provided with a material layer and an exposed photoresist layer thereon, wherein the wafer has a central surface and an edge surface. Then the property of the exposed photoresist layer is varied to make the critical dimension of the exposed photoresist layer in the central area of the differently in the border area. After variation of the edge characteristics of the exposed photoresist layer, an etching process is performed on the wafer so as to give rise to a Patterned material layer having a uniform critical dimension on the wafer with the exposed photoresist layer as a mask.


The caller was determined later to have been Ronald W. Pelton, a former employee of the National Security Agency, and the subject was serious: espionage against the United States. This and other conversations that constituted critical evidence in the espionage prosecution of Pelton** were acquired through electronic surveillance by the FBI under the authority of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978. In light of the Act's tenth anniversary, this commentary discusses the legal and political foundations for that statute, its contents, and the consequences of its implementation. The commentary concludes by discussing the results of the Act's subjugation to judicial scrutiny since its


The beer yeast was used as biosorbent for the biosorption of chromium(III)(Cr3+) in this study.The factors influencing Cr3+ adsorption capacity of yeast,including pH,initial Cr3+ concentration,reaction time,biomass and acid/alkali pretreatment were investigated in details.The results showed that the optimal pH for biosorption of yeast ranged from 4 to 7.The adsorption capacity of yeast was improved with the increase of pH and reached its maximum level at pH 7.The Cr3+ adsorbance was also raised with the increase of initial Cr3+ concentration.The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained when the initial concentration of Cr3+ was 80 mg/L and yeast concentration was 50 mg/L at 27℃ for 1 h with alkali pretreatment on yeast cells.The L9(34) orthogonal experiment was designed to confirm whether reaction time was a prominent factor during biosorption.The Langmuir model could be used to explain the adsorption pattern of beer yeast on Cr3+.


This is a supervised clinical experience working in an adapted fitness center on campus assisting clients through a fitness program.


The present invention relates to novel alkyl substituted piperazine derivatives useful as monoamine neurotransmitter re-uptake inhibitors. In another aspect, the present invention relates to the use of these compounds in the treatment methods and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the present invention.


This summary covers the physics topics that could benefit from the unprecedented flux of muons produced at the front end of the future neutrino factory. A selection of such opportunities was presented at NuFact02 and their demands on beam properties were evaluated. This summary will survey the rare muon decay experiments and the high precision measurements that could benefit from higher fluxes as well as some of the new programmes that could use very large μ− fluxes. A number of technological developments relevant to the neutrino factories were also discussed.


This paper deals with theoretical approaches to defining the categories of «rural area» and «rural region». It is proved that, based on the characteristics of forming a regional ecological and economic system, Kherson region area belongs to the rural areas.


According to data monitoring and automation requirements of shield construction,the monitoring system of shield machine based on industrial network architecture is designed by a combinative model of centralized monitoring and distributed control,then the structural characteristics of the hardware and software of the monitoring system was analysed in detail.Aimed at the earth pressure balance technology in the monitoring progress of the shield,the expertise database based on experimental data of different stratum has been established by the adaptive control method based on the soil identification to achieve the adaptive control of earth pressure in the process of shield tunneling.The monitoring software programs are developed by the combination of LabVIEW and Matlab,and the results show that the human-machine interface of the monitoring system with good maneuverability and high security and reliability is intuitive.


To further clarify the exact meaning of the term "Ethnicity",and to identify whether this term refers to "Nationality" or "Ethnic Group",this article examines the issue from a number of aspects,including the types of ethnic group and its evolution,the connotation of the term "ethno" in classical Greek and its change and development when embedded into English,and how the Taiwanese scholars employed the concept of "Ethnic Group" in their studies.The author concludes that "Ethnicity" as a concept actually refers to "Nationality" rather than "Ethnic Group",and the term "Ethnicity" widely used among scholars overseas is equivalent to the Chinese term "民族"(Nationality).


Seven people are being presented with the title of Honorary Alderman, and the RAF Reserve 54 Squadron is being awarded Freedom of the Borough


With the advent of new technologies manufacturing houses are willing to adopt new technologies and strategies to make their products more reliable and competitive. The present work deals with the development of a multiple sensor integrated robot end-effector which can be able to recognize unshaped parts and unknown environment in the field of industrial robot is presented. In order to percept sufficient information of the internal state, workspace objects and geometric properties, the different types of sensors are configured, including a ultrasonic sensors, vision sensor, proximity sensors and F/T sensors, described the shape of the surfaces by curves and patches, performing part recognition and find lines in to the edges of each part respectively. In this paper, we analyze the task requirements in terms of what information needs to be represented, how to represent it, what kind of methodology can be used to process it, and how to implement in the system, which is more open, flexible, universal and lighter end-effector. 


In an article from 2011, Thomas Pogge asks if globalisation is good for the world's poor. Pogge answers in the negative. As important evidence for the view that the globalisation period has not been good for the world's poor, Pogge cites a dataset provided by Branko Milanović (CUNY). In this article, we do not take issue with Pogge's definition of "globalisation", "the world's poor" or with the veracity of the empirical data he refers to in articulating and defending his view about globalisation and the world's poor. However, Pogge's reference to a dataset showing that there has been an economic polarisation between the wealthiest and poorest people of the world, is not, we contend, something that in itself offers strong support for his view that the global institutional order is a significant cause of this economic polarisation. We believe that Pogge overemphasises the impact of supranational institutions in relation to the question of what the main drivers have been of the economic polarisation in question. Our thesis is that a high population growth in the poorest regions of the world, relative to the population growth in the richest regions of the world, can help explain a non-negligible amount of the economic polarisation that has occurred between 1988 and 2005.


Large scale human genetic databases are believed to hold great promise for human wellbeing. The problem is that existing research ethics guidelines, especially those regarding the requirements of informed consent and confidentiality would make research with such databases impossible. This has led some commentators to argue that we should relax the rules of ethics to facilitate research. In this paper it is questioned whether relaxing the rules would be justified and shown how such changes, if adopted, might suggest similar changes in other fields of research. As a solution, to enable human genetic database research without unnecessarily sacrificing ethical codes, the concept of 'blind consent' is put forward and arguments for upholding the anonymity of the samples wherever possible are provided.


The United States is waging a war on terrorism. The weapon is the Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 ("ILSA" or "Sanctions Act"),' the primary target of which is neither terrorism nor its sponsors. Congress, seeking constriction of the petroleum industries of Iran and Libya, intends to compel U.S. trading partners to comply with the enforcement mechanisms of U.S. foreign policy. The unfortunate reality of ILSA simply is that it unilaterally allocates the burden of paying for the enforcement of U.S. foreign policy by means of a boycott leveled against foreign countries and companies otherwise beyond the jurisdiction of the United States. Jurisdiction is central to evaluating the efficacy of ILSA. ILSA, not surprisingly, incited disapprobation within the international community. Criticism of Congress and its dubious progeny universally focused on the extraterritoriality of the Sanctions


Objective
To study the clinical experience on pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in the past three years from a single operation group at the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical Universiy.

Methods
The clinical data of 118 patients who underwent PD from January 2015 to December 2017 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.

Results
Of the 118 patients who underwent PDs, 102 underwent open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) (86.4%), and 16 laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) (13.6%). There were 54.2% males with a age of (56.0±12.0) years (39.83% over 60 years). Malignancy was confirmed by pathology in 73.7% (87/118 patients). The operative time was (324.0±95.6) minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was (192.8±97.5) ml and R0 resection was achieved in all patients. The postoperative complication rate was 46.6% (55/118). The median postoperative hospital stay was (19.9±9.5) days. There was no perioperative mortality. The operation time of LPD was significantly longer than OPD, but there was no significant difference in intraoperative bleeding, lymph node clearance, postoperative complication rate and postoperative hospital stay (P>0.05).

Conclusions
PD is safe and feasible. The postoperative complication rate was relatively high but all patients were discharged from hospital after appropriate treatment. Compared with OPD, LPD is a better alternative for patients.

Key words:
Pancreaticoduodenectomy, open abdominal, laparoscopic; Complications, pancreatic fistula, gastroparesis syndrome


In this technical note, recently proposed engineering models of the lightning return stroke and their application to lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) calculations are reviewed and evaluated. Generally in engineering return stroke models, a current at an arbitrary height along the lightning channel and at an arbitrary time is represented as a simple function of height, time, the return stroke wavefront propagation speed, and the channel base current. In Section 2, the transmission line (TL) model and the traveling current source (TCS) model, which have been used most frequently out of engineering models of the lightning return stroke attached to flat ground, are reviewed. Also, two models proposed recently are described. The TL model is often visualized by a vertical lossless uniform transmission line excited at its bottom by a lumped current source (actually a vertical conductor cannot be represented by a uniform transmission line). The TCS model is visualized by a vertical lossless uniform transmission line terminated in a lumped matching impedance at its bottom, along which a lumped current source progresses upward at the return stroke wavefront speed. The upward progressing current source injects a current wave only downward into the channel. These two models cannot reproduce all of five features observed in typical measured LEMP waveforms at different distances from a lightning channel. Two new models can reproduce all of them. In the new models, a current wave suffers significant attenuation within the bottom several hundreds of meters, and still suffers not a little attenuation above two kilometers or so along the channel. In Section 3, two models for the lightning return stroke attached to a tall grounded object are reviewed. One is the distributed shunt current source model, and the other is the lumped series voltage source model. In the former model, each of the distributed shunt current sources located along the transmission line representing a channel is activated when the upward progressing return stroke wavefront arrives there, and the resultant current wave propagates downward at the speed of light. The downward propagating current waves are reflected and/or transmitted at the junction between the transmission lines representing the lightning channel and a tall strike object. In the latter model, transmission lines representing the lightning channel and a tall strike object are excited by a lumped series voltage source inserted between them. This lumped voltage source generates a wave given by ZchIsc, where Zch is the equivalent impedance of the lightning return stroke channel and Isc is the lightning short circuit current defined as the lightning current that would be measured at a well grounded object of negligible height. The presence of this source does not disturb any transient process within the strike object because its internal impedance is zero. In Section 4, expressions for calculating electric and magnetic fields radiated from a lightning return stroke channel (and a tall strike object if present), from the current distribution along the lightning channel given by an engineering return stroke model, are reviewed. Here, three different expressions for electric field are shown. The first one is a most widely used expression that was derived using Lorentz condition. The second one is an expression that was derived recently using the continuity equation. The last one is an expression valid only in the restricted condition that the return stroke wavefront speed is equal to the speed of light and a return stroke current wave propagates without attenuation or dispersion. Both of the first and second expressions yield the identical waveform in terms of the total electric field, although each of the three components in the first expression gives a waveform different from that the corresponding component in the second expression gives. The last expression, having only one term that is inversely proportional to the distance from the channel base, yields the same waveform as the other two expressions give in the restricted condition stated above. In Section 5, new findings obtained from electromagnetic calculations using the engineering models for the lightning return stroke attached to a tall grounded object are shown. For example, the vertical electric field in the vicinity of a tall strike object is reduced significantly by the presence of the tall strike object, while remote electric and magnetic fields are enhanced by it.


Abstract : Considerable research is currently going on into the application of distributed computing systems. They appear particularly suitable for the computing needs of a small warship. The particular constraints of the warship's environment are discussed. This is followed by a description of how a ring structured distributed computing system might be adapted to function in this environment. Included in this consideration are the feasibility of attaining adequate bus speed, the use of multiply addressed messages, and methods of handling real-time processing. Of particular interest is the ability to achieve controlled degradation of performance under failure, especially failure due to battle damage.


We present I-band Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) measurements for 15 early type galaxies (3 giants, 12 dwarfs) in the central region of the Centaurus cluster, based on deep photometric data in 7 fields obtained with VLT FORS1 and with very good seeing. From the SBF-distances to our sample galaxies we determine the distance of the Centaurus cluster to be 41.3 ± 2.1 Mpc (33.08 ± 0.11 mag). This places the Centaurus cluster at about the same distance as the "Great Attractor". We find a distance difference of 0.27 ± 0.34 mag between the two subcomponents Cen 30 and Cen 45, ruling out that both components are separated by their Hubble flow distance. A distance difference of 0.48 ± 0.21 mag is found between the central galaxies NGC 4696 (Cen 30) and NGC 4709 (Cen 45) of both components, supported by the different turn-over magnitudes of their respective globular cluster systems. This suggests that Cen 45 is falling into but has not yet reached Cen 30, supporting the idea of a large scale filament along the line of sight towards Centaurus (Churazov et al. 1999). H0 = 83.0 ± 8.3 km s −1 Mpc −1 is obtained for our Cen 30 sample taking into account the peculiar motion of the Local Group into the direction of the Centaurus cluster. This value of H0 corresponds to a much smaller Hubble flow distortion in the direction of Centaurus than determined by Tonry et al. (2000), implying that the GA mass estimate by Tonry et al. may be too high and/or that the Centaurus cluster falls into the GA almost perpendicularly to the line of sight. As our mean single measurement error is very close to the measured distance scatter of the investigated galaxies, we can only derive an upper limit of ±10 Mpc radial extension for the Centaurus cluster, corresponding to a five times larger radial than tangential extension. No evidence for an infall pattern into the Great Attractor is found within the uncertainties for the 11 galaxies with measured redshifts.


Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene and bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene have been investigated by gas electron diffraction. They are found to have C2v symmetry in respect of the thermal-average nuclear positions. The structural parameters with estimated limits of error (the γg bond lengths and the angles difined in the γα structure) determined by a leastsquares analysis on the molecular intensities are as follows for octene and octadiene, respectively: C(sp3)–C(sp3) (weighted average of the C1–C7, and C7–C8 bonds)=1.549±0.008 and 1.553±0.017 A, C(sp2)–C(sp3)=1.509±0.015 and 1.521±0.008 A, C(sp2)–C(sp2)=1.341±0.008 and 1.339±0.005 A, C(sp3)–H (average)=1.112±0.008 and 1.105±0.012 A, ∠C–C=C=114.2±0.6° and 113.5±0.5°, The dihedral angle θ between the C1–C2–C3 C4 and C1–C6–C5–C4 planes=121.2±2.1° and 123.4±2.2°, ∠C=C–H=122.4±6.0° and 125.5±4.0°, ∠H–C–H=109.2±4.0° and 111.3±7.0°. A conformational analysis based on an empirical prescription of strain energies, similar to that of Jacob et al., and a molecular-orbital analysis ...


Chili is the leading commodities that have economic value, so much cultivated in Indonesia because of its market demand is quite large. Red chili is widely used as a raw material for the processing industry (food, drugs and cosmetics). This research aims to know the red chili pepper cultivation, ranging from nursery to care, fertilization, harvesting. In addition to analyzing the magnitude of the rate of profit can be obtained. The place is the village Teguhan Research Sub Ngimbang Lamongan. Site selection is purposive. In this research I use the sample methods, namely, interviewing some of the farmers who represent entirely.
Income is the retribution of the factors of production farmer. The two principal information needed in the analysis of the income of the farmer in order to have practical meaning. The advantage gained from a farmer can be seen from the receipts and expenditure in a certain time limit. The village of chili farming is still profitable, this is indicated by the value of R/C Ratio of 6.05.


The article tries to reveal Werther's belief system in order to represent the love tragedy between Werther and Charlotte.The research shows that love means the habitatation for Werther's beliefs so that we can have a deeper understanding of Werther's belief tragedy.


Transnational trade rules endow authoritarians and armed groups with unaccountable power in states rich with natural resources. This structural flaw in international trade generates the 'resource curse' phenomena that have driven many of the world's most serious crises since the 1970s. Attempts to curtail this unaccountable power from outside resource†rich states have not been successful, and crises caused by this structural flaw continue to plague the global community. The shipping sector provides a promising location for reforms to fight the resource curse, as it is a sector where extensive, unified and enforceable regulations have long been established.


Perception of safety and comfort of bicycle infrastructure is an important factor influencing the use of bicycles. Cyclists can be found all over India. In urban areas presently, mostly captive riders choose to bicycle as no other viable options of travel are available to them. This study discusses perceptions of these captive riders as compared to a group of not yet riding (potential) cyclists. A stated preference survey to estimate the perception of captive users and potential users on cycling was conducted.

The perception of risk among captive riders and potential riders does not show much difference as against popular beliefs. Both the captive users as well as the potential users focus on physical safety and the difficulties in crossing the intersections. Differences arise in perception of comfort / attractiveness and barriers. Pedestrians / bus commuters waiting at the curb side lane are considered as predominant barriers (about 28%) by potential users while captive riders are more tolerant to them. Results indicate that perception of safety and comfort are not related to age, gender, type of zone and distance travelled. However, the presence of informal sector on the street side is social security element and attractive for providing services for captive cyclists. The potential users consider informal sector as a barrier, although, lighting seems to be important to them. Results of SP experiment shows potential users perceive slope as bigger threat to bicycle compatibility as compared to captive riders. Captive riders prefer wider roads against the narrow roads preferred by potential cyclists. Land use mix seems to be not a major concern, while low density areas are preferred. The results can be used for evaluating area bicycle compatibility both for captive and potential users.


This paper proposes and analyzes the efficiency of novel backpressure schemes for Terabit switch fabrics. The proposed schemes aim at buffer optimization under uniform traffic distribution with Bernoulli packet arrival process. Results show that a reduction of the needed maximum buffer capacity with up to 47% can be achieved with switch-internal backpressure mechanisms at the expense of a small control overhead.


Container Seedling flats subdivided into compartments, with bottom drainage holes; flats are placed in a water reservoir (a flat without holes). Watertight tubs with drain holes that can be plugged/ unplugged to allow drainage may also be used. Media Autoclaved sand, porous soil mix, or vermiculite Temp/Light 20 to 24 C; 12 to 16 hour day length No. of Plants 50 to 70 per replication No. of Reps 4 minimum


Amyloid fibers are proteins formed by repeating protein monomers which stack to create a cross‐beta sheet quaternary structure. Though the unregulated production of amyloid fibers is often associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, amyloid fibers are also produced in a regulated manner by bacteria in biofilms. We isolated a number of tetracycline resistant soil bacteria from a pig farm in upstate New York and screened them for biofilm production with the crystal violet assay and amyloid formation using a Thioflavin T (ThT) assay. We focused on one species, Microbacterium oryzae isolate #29, which had the highest amyloid production. Five days of growth at ambient temperature in liquid R2A medium maximizes amyloid fiber recovery. An isolation procedure utilizing sonication and differential centrifugation to separate fibers from the cell (Jordal et al. 2009) was adapted for use with M. oryzae isolate #29. This procedure is being modified further to increase the percent recovery and improve purity. Two detergents, Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), were assessed as a means of disrupting the cell membranes to separate fibers from soluble proteins during the procedure. The fluorescence of the detergents below and above their critical micelle concentrations in the presence of ThT was investigated to determine whether adding a detergent treatment step would interfere with the ThT assay, as is the case for the commonly used detergent SDS. Additionally, sonication time was assessed to see if more fibers could be released from the cell. Preliminary results suggest that while neither detergent interferes with the ThT assay only the TX‐100 appears to improve yield, and that a longer sonication treatment results in a greater percent recovery in the ultracentrifuge pellet. Fibers will be purified further using preparatory SDS‐PAGE and depolymerized using formic acid. The purified fibers can be imaged by atomic force microscopy and the amyloid protein monomers will be sequenced.


The Hall effect of $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CsAu}{)}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ is investigated ($\ensuremath{\nu}$ is an integer). Electrons with spin up and down experience a different degree of specular reflection at the $\mathrm{FeCs}$ interface. This yields a different mean free path for the two spin orientations. In the presence of an electric field parallel to the plane of the film one obtains a spin current in addition to the charge current. If one introduces impurities with a large spin-orbit scattering into the Cs host then the combination of spin current and spin-orbit scattering yields a spin Hall effect. By building in situ multilayers of $\mathrm{CsAu}$ ($5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ of Cs and 0.04 atomic layers of Au) on top of an Fe film one can measure the relative magnitude of the spin current normal to the film. Within the accuracy of the experimental data the spin current in $\mathrm{Fe}(\mathrm{CsAu}{)}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ decays exponentially with a decay length of $20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.


A LAKE OF LIQUID CARBON dioxide and a microbial ecosystem that exists in association with it under the seafloor have been uncovered by scientists. The story began two years ago as the research submersible Shinkai 6500 and its crew prowled about at a depth of nearly 1,400 meters in a hydrothermal field of scorching black-smoker vents in the Okinawa Trough. The scientists inside noticed something strange, even for that locale. Downslope from one of the vents, they saw clear, vapor-rich fluid bleeding upward from white patchy areas of sediment. When they extracted a core for analysis from one of these spots, it was as though they had uncorked a pressurized canister—a continuous fizz of bubbles shot upward. In the support ship's onboard laboratory, Fumio Inagaki of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology, in Yokosuka, and his colleagues began to get an inkling of just how odd was the place they had been. The ...


Poor harvest practices of marine shrimps sometimes cause severe damage to the coral reefs. Availability of cryo-preserved embryos would considerably reduce coral reef damage. To develop low temperature preservation for shrimp embryos, this study assessed the lipid content and composition in the embryos of Stenopus hispidus(Olivier, 1811). The results showed that the main lipids in S. hispidusembryos include wax ester, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. The predominant lipid in the eye-development, heartbeat, and pre-hatch stages of S. hispidusembryos was phosphatidylethanolamine, followed by phosphatidylcholine, fatty acids, wax ester, and triacylglycerol. Lipid concentration in the embryos in the pre-hatch stage was significantly lower than that in the other two stages. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and free fatty acids concentrations in the embryos were significantly higher in the eye-development stage than in the heartbeat and pre-hatch stages. However, all three developmental stages had low wax ester and triacylglycerol concentrations. The lower lipid concentration in the embryos in the pre-hatch stage compared with the eye-development and heartbeat stages make them more tolerant to low temperatures. Embryos in the pre-hatch stage have well-developed structures and thus are better candidates for shrimp embryo cryopreservation research.


Objective To study the D-dimer levels of the patients with pulmonary embolism and analyze its influencing factors.Methods One hundred and eighty patients with pulmonary embolism from 2005 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively,and the relation among pulmonary embolism and D-dimer were analyzed.Results The positive rate(78.31%) of the samples that used the drug was lower than the positive rate(98.20%) of the samples that had not used the drug.The positive rate(85.14%) of the samples that collected the blood after 24 hours was lower than the positive rate(98.20%) of the samples that collected the blood in 24 hours.Conclusion The results show that the positive rate of the D-dimer is related to the time and drug-use before the samples of obtaining.


Non-digestible oligosaccharides(NDOS),such as chitosan,xylan,fructo-oligosaccharides(FOS) and soybean oligosaccharides can not be absorbed and degraded by gastric acid and gastric enzymes,but they possess a variety of physiological functions.Research advances in physiological functions on NDOS were reviewed in this article,including decreasing high blood fat,sugar and cholesterol contents,improving immunity,strengthening haematogenous,promoting mineral absorption,improving intestinal flora and anti-oxidation,etc.The applications of NDOS in poultry,pigs,ruminants,aquaculture,feeds and agriculture were also presented.


BACKGROUND
There is inconsistent evidence regarding the influence of general cognitive abilities on the long-term course of depression.

AIMS
To investigate the association between general childhood cognitive abilities and adult depression outcomes.

METHOD
We conducted a cohort study using data from 633 participants in the New England Family Study with lifetime depression. Cognitive abilities at age 7 were measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Depression outcomes were assessed using structured diagnostic interviews administered up to four times in adulthood between ages 17 and 49.

RESULTS
In analyses adjusting for demographic factors and parental psychiatric illness, low general cognitive ability (i.e. IQ<85 v. IQ>115) was associated with recurrent depressive episodes (odds ratio (OR) = 2.19, 95% CI 1.20-4.00), longer episode duration (rate ratio 4.21, 95% CI 2.24-7.94), admission to hospital for depression (OR = 3.65, 95% CI 1.34-9.93) and suicide ideation (OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.79-8.02) and attempt (OR = 4.94, 95% CI 1.67-14.55).

CONCLUSIONS
Variation in cognitive abilities, predominantly within the normal range and established early in childhood, may confer long-term vulnerability for prolonged and severe depression. The mechanisms underlying this vulnerability need to be established to improve the prognosis of depression among individuals with lower cognitive abilities.


Undisclosed antiretroviral drug (ARV) use among blood donors who tested HIV antibody positive, but RNA negative, was previously described by our group. Undisclosed ARV use represents a risk to blood transfusion safety. We assessed the prevalence of and associations with undisclosed ARV use among HIV‐positive donors who donated during 2017.


A 62 year old female with severe mitral stenosis, large left atrial ball thrombus and acute mesenteric ischemia emergently underwent mitral valve replacement, left atrial clot removal and emergency laparotomy for mesenteric ischemia. Peri-operative management issues, particularly, the anesthetic challenges and the role of transesophageal echocardiography are discussed.


Many non-conventional adsorbent have been studied as economic alternative to commercial activated carbon and mostly agricultural waste have been introduced such as rubber leaf powder and hazelnut shell. Microwave Incinerated Rice Husk Ash (MIRHA), produced from the rice husk is one of the low-cost materials that were used as adsorbent of heavy metal. The aim of this research was to study the feasibility of using MIRHA500 and MIRHA800 as adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) metal ions from aqueous solutions by the batch studies. The adsorption of Cu(II) into MIRHA500 and MIRH800 favors Fruendlich isotherm and imply pseudo – kinetic second order which applied chemisorptions Keywords—Copper (II) aqueous solution, batch study, MIRHA500, MIRHA800, Microwave Incinerated Rice Husk Ash (MIRHA)


Continuous creation is the necessary requirement of the 16th Congress, as well as the soul of public security work. If such a creation is made true, the concerned fundamental problems, such as its features, its behavior, its methods and its reasons, etc., should be figured out clearly.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the influence of the electronic throttle (ET) dynamics and the average speed of multiple preceding vehicles on the stability of traffic flow.Design/methodology/approachAn extended car-following model integrating the ET dynamics and the average speed of multiple preceding vehicles is presented in this paper. The novel model's stability conditions are obtained by using the thought of control theory, and the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation is inferred in terms of the nonlinear analysis method. In addition, some simulation experiments are implemented to explore the properties of traffic flow, and the results of these experiments confirm the correctness of theoretical analysis.FindingsIn view of the results of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, traffic flow will become more stable when the average speed and ET dynamics of multiple preceding vehicles are considered, and the stability of traffic flow will also be enhanced by increasing the number of preceding vehicles considered.Research limitations/implicationsThis study leaves the factors such as the mixed traffic flow, the multilane and so on out of account in real road environment, which more or less influences the traffic flow's stability, so the real traffic environment is not fully reflected.Originality/valueThere is little research integrating ET dynamics and the average velocity of multiple preceding vehicles to study the properties of traffic flow. The enhanced model constructed in this study can better reflect the real traffic, which can also give some theoretical reference for the development of connected and autonomous vehicles.


Background Endovascular thrombectomy has revolutionized the management of acute ischemic stroke and proven superior to stand-alone intravenous thrombolysis for large vessel occlusions. However, failed or delayed revascularization may occur as a result of a mismatch between removal technique and clot composition. Determination of clot composition before thrombectomy provides the possibility to adapt the technique to improve clot removal efficacy. We evaluated the application of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for intravascular determination of clot composition in vivo. Methods Three clot types, enriched in red blood cells or fibrin or with a mixed content, were prepared from porcine blood and injected into the external carotids of a domestic pig. A guidewire-like DRS probe was used to investigate the optical spectra of clots, blood and vessel wall. Measurement positions were confirmed with angiography. Spectra were analyzed by fitting an optical model to derive physiological parameters. To evaluate the method's accuracy, photon scattering and blood and methemoglobin contents were included in a decision tree model and a random forest classification. Results DRS could differentiate between the three different clot types, blood and vessel wall in vivo (p<0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity for detection was 73.8% and 98.8% for red blood cell clots, 80.6% and 97.8% for fibrin clots, and 100% and 100% for mixed clots, respectively. Conclusion Intravascular DRS applied via a custom guidewire can be used for reliable determination of clot composition in vivo. This novel approach has the potential to increase efficacy of thrombectomy procedures in ischemic stroke.


An application of decimal strings genetic algorithm for hydrogeological parameter identification is discussed as an example of Theis model in this paper. It is shown from application example calculation that the algorithm has higher accuracy and better determinacy than conventional match method. It is also shown from this paper that compared to the binary strings genetic algorithm, the decimal strings genetic algorithm can be natural to represent the problem to be studied, easy to introduce relative area knowledge, and has high efficiency for most of optimization problems, especially for multi dimensional optimization problem.


In this two-paper series, techniques connected with artificial intelligence and genetics are applied to achieve computer-based control of gas pipeline systems. In this, the first paper, genetic algorithms are developed and applied to the solution of two classical pipeline optimization problems, the steady serial line problem, and the single transient line problem. Simply stated, genetic algorithms are canonical search procedures based on the mechanics of natural genetics. They combine a Darwinian survival of the fittest with a structured, yet randomized, information exchange between artificial chromosomes (strings). Despite their reliance on stochastic processes, genetic algorithms are no simple random walk; they carefully and efficiently exploit historic information to guide future trials. In the two pipeline problems, a simple three-operator genetic algorithm consisting of reproduction, crossover, and mutation finds near-optimal performance quickly. In the steady serial problem, near-optimal performance is found after searching less than 1100 of 1.1(1011) alternatives. Similarly, efficient performance is demonstrated in the transient problem. Genetic algorithms are ready for application to more complex engineering optimization problems. They also can serve as a learning mechanism in a larger rule learning procedure. This application is discussed in the sequel.


Treatment with Tenutex® should be considered in patients diagnosed with scabies if the first‐line treatment with 5% permethrin fails. Treatment failure with 5% permethrin may be due to tolerance or resistance in scabies mites.


http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/12/04/0363546515614315 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/0363546515614315 published online December 4, 2015 Am J Sports Med Jennifer S. Howard, Mark L. Lembach, Adam V. Metzler and Darren L. Johnson Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Soccer Athletes: A Study of the Southeastern Conference Rates and Determinants of Return to Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in National


Tests were made on 3.81x3.81x30.5cm heartwood stakes of six species ( Chloroxylon swietenia, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Mangifera indica, Olea dioica, Pallaquim (Palaquium) ellipticum and Swietenia mahoganii (mahagoni) ). Up to 10 specimens were treated by a full cell process with two preservatives: copper chrome arsenate (CCA) (dry salt) to average absorptions of 4,8 and 16 kg/m 2 ; and creosote + furnace oil (1:1) to 80 and 160 kg/m 2 . Pure creosote alone was used for a few specimens of P. ellipticum . The stakes were buried to half their length in the ground and examined periodically for up to 11 years (from 1975 onwards until 1986). Data are tabulated on survival and service condition. Without treatment the species were durable for 45, 39, 11, 20, 118 and 80 months respectively. After treatment they were classified as per IS:401-1982 respectively as classes III, II, III, III, II and II (II = average life gte120 months, III = average life 60-119 months). Preservative treatment increased survival in all cases, with specimens treated at higher absorption levels generally surviving better, and survival being better for CCA treatments than creosote + furnace oil treatments. Termite attack was greater than fungal attack in the CCA treated specimens, while fungal decay was found in the creosote + furnace oil specimens.


The light guide plate, as part of the backlight unit in a cell-phone or liquid crystal display, has evolved to meet market demands for low power consumption, high-luminance and high-quality displays. Along with the advance of the light guide plate, LEDs have undergone development as light source for light guide plates. Surpassing the limitations of LED emission in the visible light range, LEDs that emit ultraviolet light have been developed. In recent years, the ultraviolet light are used as a source of light of the air cleaner, and it is used as a source of light to activate the titanium oxide which is photocatalyst. Common ultraviolet light sources are either line or point light sources. There are no surface light sources capable of providing uniform lighting. The laboratory studies surface illuminators that incorporate diffusers in the visible light range. Applying our existing technology, we constructed an unprecedented ultraviolet surface illuminator (surface light source) and measured it using a photocatalyst. The experiment results are presented in this report.


The performances of an electrical machine driving a robot can be described by dynamic and energetic characteristics, on one hand, and by the gauge dimensions, on the other hand. The minimum and maximum operation speed, the speed range, the response time, the noise level, the reliability and the cost price are decisive elements for the economic and technical success of a constructive solution for a motor. This thing can be carried out with the help of the electronic computer on the basis of some adequate programs, which arc to lead to an economic fabrication and utilization of the robot driving electrical equipments. The motor behaviour is studied when it is supplied with a voltage modifying by an imposed law, at constant or variable resistant torque etc., by considering that in such cases the machine inductances are variable with the magnetic saturation. This paper presents computer simulations and experimental determinations for establishing the dynamic regime performances of drives having direct current motors used for industrial robots.


By compare and analysis the methods which are used in the land reclamation program,the diversion fissure zone highest height and moving angle combination method is choice.Delimit the district where easy to collapse by mine exploration,afford easy and available method for the planed land in the mine land reclamation program.


An internally consistent model is presented for the dynamic formation of microdefects in single‐crystal silicon. The model is built on the dynamics of point defects, vacancies and self‐interstitials, and is extended to include the growth of clusters of these point defects into microdefects. A hybrid finite‐element/finite‐difference numerical method is used to solve the coupled system of partial differential equations, which includes sets of discrete rate equations for small clusters and Fokker‐Planck equations for larger ones. As described previously by a point defect dynamics model [J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 303 (1998)], the oxidation‐induced stacking fault (OSF)‐ring position delineates the vacancy‐rich region inside from the external interstitial‐rich crystal. In Czochralski silicon, the radial position of the OSF‐ring correlates well with the expression . Simulations are used to explore the formation of voids in the vacancy‐rich region inside the OSF‐ring. Predictions of the total concentration of observable voids and the dependence of this concentration on the cooling rate agree with experiments and point to the importance of the axial temperature profile in the crystal from the melting point (1685 K) down to about 1150 K in setting the number and size of voids. The total number of voids correlates with V 〈G〉 where 〈G〉 is a measure of the temperature gradient in the temperature range 1173 K ≤ T ≤ 1685 K. The appearance of the OSF‐ring is explained qualitatively in terms of the residual vacancy concentration remaining in the crystal after aggregation has ceased. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.


The research of moral personality is a new theme of western moral psychology,which has two approaches:the trait approach and the social-cognitive approach.The trait approach view moral personality as some personality traits correlating with morality,and have done many researches on the natural conception of moral exemplar and real moral exemplar.The social-cognitive approach explains moral personality with social-cognitive schema,knowledge structure and cognitive-affective mechanism which reveals the individual inner dynamic psychological process.Future researches of moral personality should emphasize the connection of the two approaches,strengthen the researches of developmental process and influential factors,and pay attention to the integration of multi-levels and multi-disciplines.


This study was examined interpretation of making techniques and provenance interpretation of raw materials for the potteries from the Nongseori site in Giheung based on archaeometric characteristics. The potteries are classified into three groups according to the archaeological age. The texture of Neolithic age potteries is sandy soil added a lot of temper such as talc and mica, and Bronze age potteries contain sandy materials which occur naturally include quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase and mica. On the other hand, Proto-three Kingdom Age potteries made of silty soil that sift out coarse minerals from the clay. But all pottery and soil samples in the study were very similar patterns with geochemical evolution trend. This result is sufficient evidence that all pottery samples were produced using the same raw materials from the host rocks around of the site area. The Neolithic age potteries had loose texture and fired probably about 700 to . The Bronze age potteries had experienced firing about 850 to . And Proto-three Kingdom Age potteries had compact textured and fired from 900 to . The making techniques of potteries are not represented discontinuation characteristics about the periodic time sequences, and are suggested that revealed a transitional change patterns for production techniques.


A scheme is proposed for describing stasis and transitions in evolutionary contexts defined by a growing number of interrelated items. These items could be genes/species in biology, or tools/products in economy. The target is a frame to describe the advent of stasis marked by dominant species or dominant objects (car, smartphone) between sharp transitions (quakes). The tool of random matrices is adapted to add an explicit varietal growth, through an 'inflation' of a real random matrix (Ginibre set), by regularly adding a line and a column, such a matrix operating at each unit time step on the evolving vector, U(t + 1) = M(t)U(t). In this view, U(t) ∝ log(C(t)) with C(t) the vector of abundances of genes in a gene pool, or of abundance of tools in a multi-sector production economy (as in Leontieff matrices of sector-wise productions). U(t) is trending toward the eigenvector with the largest-modulus eigenvalue (ev) U (N) for the current N(t). Most times, the next such eigenvector U (N+1) of the inflated matrix is close and mostly colinear to U (N). But, as time goes and N also grows, a wholly unrelated eigenvector may acquire a larger modulus ev and become the new attractor. Thus, there are slowly-moving stases punctuated by quakes. The leading-ev-modulus competition is elucidated, as well as the main features of the stasis duration distribution it entails, akin to a q-exponential law. This is done by means of a two-particles model of Brownian motion taking place with an N-dependent drift and diffusion. To minimally flesh the issue, a set of bibliographic data (yearly number of papers among all journals of a domain) is used, lending support to the vector-colinearity-based methods used for the detection of stases vs quakes. Hints are given for various developments tackling the appropriateness of the model to various growth contexts, e.g. with sparse network or with death and not only novelty/birth.


This paper examines trends in the earnings of engineering workers in a local labour market since 1979. Despite the strong presumption that skilled differentials have widened during the 1980s, the paper reveals that there has been marked stability in overall relativities. This pattern is probed by means of variance component analysis—a new technique that explicitly allows for the clustered nature of the sample of data on earnings. The analysis indicates that there is a strong and complex relationship between the size of the firm and the relative pay of all manual workers in this locality.


We propose a new extraction method for mobility limited by high-k dielectrics, and discuss the scattering mechanism for halfnium aluminate (HfAlOx) in the strong inversion region. In our method, mobility degradation properties are evaluated as a function of interfacial SiO2 thickness. The temperature dependence of the mobility in the strong inversion region is analyzed with the expression 1/µ=1/µRexp (-2kFTint)+1/µSiO2/Si, where µ is the measured mobility, µR is the prefactor mobility limited by a high-k dielectric, kF is the Fermi wavenumber of the channel carriers, Tint is the thickness of the interfacial SiO2 layer, and µSiO2/Si is the mobility for n+poly-Si/SiO2 n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). This analysis method is applied to n+poly-Si/HfAlOx [Hf/(Hf+Al)=60 at. %]/SiO2/p-Si n-channel MOSFETs. It is found that the mobility limited by the HfAlOx film, µR, decreases with a temperature increase in the range of 77–297 K. This temperature dependence indicates the predominance of non-Coulomb scattering for the mobility limited by HfAlOx in the strong inversion region. The mobility due to the non-Coulomb scattering shows a weak temperature dependence that is explainable by surface optical phonons (i.e., those appearing at the Si-surface channel region due to the longitudinal-optical (LO) modes of HfAlOx) with the corresponding transverse-optical (TO) phonon energy in the range of 10–20 meV.


Lev Weitz. Between Christ and Caliph: Law, Marriage and Christian Community in Early Islam . Divinations: Rereading Late Ancient Religion. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. 352 pages, 6 illustrations. ISBN 978-0-8122-5027-5. $65.

Historians of Islam during its formative period have a strong tendency to focus their attention on Muslim elites—who were a minority—at the expense of non-Muslim subjects of the caliphate—who were a majority. In Between Christ and Caliph , Lev Weitz reframes the historical narrative about the emergence of Islam by placing non-Muslims at the center of this narrative, with special attention to the field of law. He argues that Christian, Muslim, and other elites were part of what Hodgson called an "Islamicate" culture that was shared by all subjects of the caliphate. He asks: How did Christians respond to Islamic legal institutions and practices and what effect did this response have on legal institutions and communal identity? He answers: Islamic imperial governance motivated Syriac Christian elites to modify their communal institutions and to redefine their identity as religious communities by creating a new Christian law that treated obligations between husbands, wives, and other family members as defined by new rules relating to marriage, divorce, inheritance, and the household ( baytā ). The argument unfolds in three parts of uneven length that are framed by an introduction and conclusion: Part I, Empire, Household, and Christian Community from Late Antiquity to the Abbasid Caliphate (chapters 1–3); Part II, Christian Family Law in the Making of Caliphal Society and Intellectual Cultures (chapters 4–8); and Part III, Islamic Family Law and Christian Jurists after Imperial Fragmentation (chapter 9). Each chapter begins with a short selection from a Christian legal source that exemplifies the problematic of that chapter.

In Chapter 1 Weitz reviews the position of the Church on monogamy and the indissolubility of marriage as reflected in the New Testament, second-century church orders, and the proceedings of ecumenical synods in the fourth and fifth centuries, followed by a review of Christian marriage practices in Byzantium and …


The objective of the research is to investigate the relationship between the lighting and working shift, and the fatigue work of the nurses in the Emergency Unit at RSUD Baa Sub District the Regency of Rote Ndao in 2008. It is observational-analytic research by using the design of the cross-sectional study. The population of this research is all 10 nurses in the Emergency Unit at RSUD Baa Sub District the Regency of Rote Ndao. This population is also a sample of this research. This research applies Phi-Coefficient of Association as the statistical test to test the relationship between lighting and fatigue work, and also to Contingency Coefficient Test to test the relationship between shift work and fatigue work. The result of the research shows that there is a relationship between lighting and fatigue work of nurses in the Emergency Unit at RSUD Baa Sub District the Regency of Rote Ndao in 2008 with p = 0,033. Moreover, there is a relationship between shift work and fatigue work of nurses in the Emergency Unit at RSUD Baa Sub District the Regency of Rote Ndao in 2008 with p = 0,040.


Spectra of reflection, emission, and transmission of regolith returned by the Luna 16 automatic station were investigated in the 1.8-13 micrometers region. A reflection maximum was shown to be present in the region 3 to 5 micrometer, along with a corresponding minimum in the emission coefficient. The spectra were interpreted based on a comparison of the optical properties with the chemical and structural properties of the regolith. The regolith in the entire array of properties in the infrared region differs appreciably from terrestrial objects. Spectra of diffuse reflection and the spectra at angles of incidence 0 deg and angles of reflection 15 and 30 deg with samples of the regolith returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions revealed a similarity of the infrared reflection characteristics of the regolith from different lunar mare regions.


This paper explores the effectiveness of a Facebook intervention in students' learning through an action research project. This project aimed to provide students with increased and diversified opportunities for interaction, collaboration and learning. To this goal, a Facebook group was created among the students studying at the M.Ed. level specializing in Curriculum and Evaluation. Focusing on the learning contents of the Qualitative Research Methodology course, interventions were prepared and introduced regularly on this virtual platform. During the intervention, the instructors observed and analyzed the students' participation and learning on the Facebook group regularly. After completion of the interventions, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted among the students to explore their experiences on using the Facebook group for their academic purpose. The Facebook group is found to be a platform to enrich and consolidate the learning received from face-to-face learning. Besides, this platform provides the students with the opportunity for interaction with colleagues within and beyond their classrooms. This group is also found to be an informal platform to bring teachers and students closer to each other which enhances opportunities for learning and collaboration. Overall, being flexible, informal and interactive, the Facebook group is effective for engaged


The administration-accountable system provides an effective safeguard mechanism for upgrading the administrative efficiency of government as well as restricting and supervising the power of government.This study pays more attention to the analysis of the practical problems in the course of the administration-accountable system,including indefinite responsibility,narrowness of accountability,simplification of main body and imperfect procedure.On the basis of these problems,some suggestions on improvement of the administrative accountability system are put forward accordingly.


Distributed electricity generation is the opposite of centralized electricity production, the mode that has dominated modern commercial electrical supplies for more than a century. Rather than relying on large central stations (fossil fueled, nuclear, or hydro) and high-voltage transmission lines, distributed electricity generation depends on small-scale, decentralized, local, on-site generation, preferably by tapping renewable energy sources. This arrangement avoids long-distance transmission losses, and, once organized in a web of smart microgrids, its design improves supply stability and reliability and gives users more control. As the cost of new renewable energy conversions continues to decline, this form of electricity supply is expected to claim a rising share of overall generation. Indeed, according to Rodan Energy, distributed generation is not just the future of electricity, but also "the future of energy."


Semicontinuous emulsion polymerization of acrylic monomers with a monomer emulsion feed has been investigated. The amount of coagulum appearing during the polymerization under conditions of insufficient covering of particle surface by emulsifier was studied from the point of view of particle surface charge. Increasing the surface group concentration via copolymerization of butyl acrylate with acrylic acid or sulfoethyl methacrylate caused increased colloid stability of the system and a rapid decrease in coagulum formation. It was established that during the polymerization acid hydrolysis of ester groups took place, which caused an increase in the carboxyl groups concentration at the particle surface. These carboxyl groups contribute to the colloid stability of the polymerizing system.


Summary Human protein C inhibitor (PCI), a serpin-type protease inhibitor originally described as an inhibitor of activated protein C, has broad protease reactivity. In addition to its activities within the blood clotting and fibrinolytic cascades, it seems to participate in several biological processes including reproductiorn and tumor growth. This review summarizes the current understanding of PCI function, regulation, and potential biological role.


This article introduced the discovery process, distributed circumstances and cultural intension of the QingHua remains in Bin county and WangBaBoZi remains in BaYan. It made textual research on Bei Yi Suo Li and its FuYu county during initial stage.


Dynamic output feedback (DOF) control problem is investigated for linear discrete switched systems with time delay. Based on multiple Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, an approach to design control law is proposed by dynamic output feedback. The parameters of DOF controller are obtained by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The result presented in this paper is time delay independent.


The article discusses the different special and visual effect techniques that can be observed in the Terminator series films. These films have been a source of inspiration over the last 25 years to inspire other films to develop more innovative techniques.


Mixed connective tissue disease is an increasingly recognized entity in which renal disease is thought to be unusual and associated hypocomplementaemia even more uncommon. A patient is described who had both these features and who also illustrates many of the characteristic features of this syndrome. The response to steroids of the systemic sclerosis component is well shown and an additional feature of interest is the family history of other connective tissue diseases.