Electrostatically gated AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wires and InAs nanowires are two common platforms for studying 1D electron physics. Quantum wires are typically defined using a splitgate structure on an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure. Nanowires are typically gated from below by a heavily doped Si substrate. The level of control is limited in these heavily-studied, traditional device designs. Advancements in nanofabrication make it possible to implement more sophisticated gating schemes, enabling improved control over 1D devices. We will discuss our recent work on 1D electron devices with more advanced density control. We start firstly with the possibility of engineering the g-factor in top-gated quantum wires for spintronics applications [1], and then discuss our work on using wrap-gates to improve density control in InAs nanowires.


T4 colon cancers have been underrepresented in randomized trials comparing minimally invasive colectomy (MC) versus open colectomy (OC). Retrospective studies suggest improved survival with MC versus OC, but have not addressed the impact of tumor extent.


The seminal work of Geoffery Harris cemented neural substances of hypothalamic origin as key in the control of gonadal function (Harris, 1950). Subsequently, Amoss et al. (1971) and Schally et al. (1971) independently isolated the neuropeptide that directly simulates pituitary gonadotropin secretion and thus, it was termed gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH). Since that time, the search has been underway to identify the location (Wintermantel et al. 2006) and phenotype of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides which allow the GnRH-containing neurons to respond to the multiple internal and external cues (Herbison, 2006) regulating GnRH secretion and by extension controlling sexual reproduction.

Tsutsui et al. (2000) provided a new perspective on the control of gonadotropin secretion when they reported a hypothalamic peptide whose inhibitory action on gonadotropin release from quail anterior pituitaries as indicated in figure 1, was consistent with it being a gonadotropin inhibitory hormone. The neuropeptide was termed GnIH for its direct but converse effect (from GnRH) on pituitary gonadotropin secretion (fig. 1).

Figure 1

GnIH directly inhibits the activity of GnRH neurons rendering it a putative GnRH-IH in rodents

Until most recently, GnIH remained a pituitary GnIH as evidence for hypothalamic site of action was lacking. Now, the groups of Allan Herbison (Ducret et al. 2009) and in this issue of The Journal of Physiology Meenakshi Alreja (Wu et al. 2009) have independently shown that GnIH has direct inhibitory actions on GnRH neurons. The GnIH reduces rates of firing and induces hyperpolarization in substantial portions of the total population of GnRH neurons. Moreover, since GnIH neurons in rats are not neurosecretory (Rizwan et al. 2009), it appears at least in rodents that the GnIH in other vertebrates, may have largely a hypothalamic site of action on gonadotropin secretion (fig. 1). Therefore, the long repudiated GnRH-IH neuropeptide seems to be GnIH.

The question remains as to which of the multiple internal and external cues that inhibit activity of GnRH neurons are mediated by activation of GnIH-containing neurons. For example, pulsatile GnRH release is regulated by a negative feedback system. Since the GnRH neurons themselves do not contain classical steroid receptors, gonadal steroids must act through alternative mechanisms such as direct membrane effects or steroid-sensitive presynaptic inputs to GnRH neurons (see Kelly & Ronnekleiv 2008 for review). If GnIH neurons are steroid sensitive, then they could play a pivotal role in inhibition of GnRH secretion via gonadal steroids. Likewise, stress inhibits reproduction. Preliminary evidence suggests that GnIH expression increases in rats during exposure to acute stressors (Kirby et al. 2007). Perhaps the most intriguing aspect of the GnIH peptide is its impact on reproductive behaviour. In male rats, GnIH-related peptides reduce the full sequela of male sexual behaviours (Johnson et al. 2007). Accordingly, input to GnRH neurons from GnIH-containing neurons may provide the link between reproductive hormone secretion and reproductive behaviour (Coquelin & Bronson, 1980).

The above speculation notwithstanding, the neurons containing GnIH are poised to exert control of gonadotropin secretion from within the hypothalamus. Thus, the GnIH peptide is likely to emerge as a key regulator of GnRH secretion through its direct actions on GnRH neurons.


The BRDF model developed by Torrance and Sparrow describes the specular reflection of rough surfaces. We compared this model to BRDF measurements of 4 man-made surfaces with very different roughnesses. We found that the azimuthal width of the specular peak decreases strongly with increasing illumination zenith angle, in the data as well as in the model. We furthermore propose a simplification of the model by dropping one of the assumptions on the surface structure. This simplification is equivalent to ignoring masking and shadowing effects, but alters the resulting BRDF in most cases only negligibly, and provides several advantages like easier implementation and faster computing time.


The critical phase transformation temperatures Ac1,Ac3and Msof 70Mn steel were determined on a DIL805 thermal dilatometer.Continuous cooling transformation diagram of 70Mn steel was obtained by dilatometric measurement combined with metallographic microstructure observation and microhardness test.The microstructure of the steel at different cooling rates was studied on a Zeiss Imager M2m optical microscope.The optimum cooling rate of 70Mn steel for grinding balls should be faster than 40 ℃ / s to avoid the upper bainite during heat treatment.The model of phase transformation point-cooling rate and phase transformation volume fraction-cooling rate was built by regression calculation based on experiments.The result shows that the calculated value and experimental value match well,which proves the feasibility of the model.


Single cell gene quantification allows for the analysis of heterogeneous cell populations and the analysis of the whole transcriptome without the need for a priori gene target selection. Identifying branching dynamics in cell populations undergoing differentiation is computationally challenging due to lack of time course data and high technical and biological noise. We develop the branching Gaussian process (BGP), a nonparametric flexible model that is able to robustly identify branching dynamics on an individual gene level whilst also providing an uncertainty estimate of the branching times. The code is open-source and available at https://github.com/alexisboukouvalas/BranchedGP.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of nasal endoscopic surgery for sinusitis and nasal polyps.Method Conventional preoperative nasal endoscopy and sinus CT scan were made,and 74 cases of sinusitis and nasal polyps were treated with nasal endoscopic surgery.The patients were followed up for 6 months to 1 year.Results Forty-nine of 74 patients were cured,19 improved,6 of null and void,and the total efficiency was 91.9%.Conclusion The treatment of sinusitis and nasal polyps under nasal endoscopic surgery has a good effect,and has a great significance in comprehensive treatment.


This paper analyzed the data of 1978—2008 agricultural loans,financial investments for agriculture and farmer income in Hebei Province.Through the stationary test,cointegration test and Granger causality test,and impulse analysis and variance decomposition,the results showed there was long-term stability relationship between financial investments for agriculture,agricultural loans and farmer's income growth;financial investments of Hebei Province and agricultural loans of 1978 to 2008 played a little role on income of farmers.The financial investments were the Granger cause of the income of farmers.From short term,the role of financial investments for agricultureed on income of farmers was greater than agricultural loans.From long term,role of agricultural loans was greater than financial support for agriculture.Financial investments impacted on agricultural loans.At last,the author put forward corresponding countermeasures.


The advent of the World Wide Web has fundamentally changed the nature of Internet traffic. New classes of applications, such as video conferencing, Internet telephony and various forms of e-commerce have arisen, for which so-called best effort service is no longer acceptable. These new applications represent delay-sensitive traffic with specific performance requirements. The term Quality of Service (QoS) is used to describe network features that are designed to provide the better than best effort performance that is required by such applications. In this chapter, we consider QoS in the context of network design. Specifically, we focus on network design or optimization problems that address link topology, link capacity, route assignment and/or router location, and that take various performance requirements into account. In particular, solutions to these network design problems ensure that sufficient resources (e.g., bandwidth) are made available so that certain specified performance requirements (e.g., delay requirements) will be explicitly met.


Financial Management has become essential for good or excellent results in any kind of business organization. To achieve financial or economic results, a company should adopt as a priority, strategic planning and data analysis that involves an organizational situation. Financial Management becomes more organized and achieves great results, by means of several organizational tools. In this work, we showed three types of tools which are important to aid Financial Management: cash flow, income statement and receivables management. Our research was based on qualitative and bibliographic methods. Through this methodology, we try to explain how Financial Management tools work and how good these tools are. The data were obtained from scientific articles, books, journals, and specialized websites. We can conclude that Financial Management depends on the fundamental tools and that the three tools described here are important for the financial and economic life of a company or organization.


For the past 20 years, the standard of care for systemic sclerosis (SSc) with lung involvement has been oral or intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CYC). To date, there have been 2 randomized trials and 2 metaanalyses of prospective studies using oral or IV CYC in SSc-related interstitial pneumonitis (interstitial lung disease; ILD) and none have reported improvement in lung function1,2,3,4,5. The Scleroderma Lung Research Study Group's study in The New England Journal of Medicine reported that oral CYC daily for 1 year is of "modest benefit" compared to placebo1. However, the term "modest benefit" does not mean that lung function improved. In fact, the forced vital capacity (FVC) and DLCO declined in both placebo and CYC-treated patients1. "Modest benefit" means that, after 1 year, the rate of decline in FVC was less in those receiving CYC compared to placebo, but the lung function still worsened on CYC1. Further, at 2-year followup there was no difference in loss of lung function between oral daily CYC and placebo2.

Due to a lack of effective standard therapy, SSc — a lethal disease that involves vital organs — needs a new and effective approach. An approach that began in patients about 14 years ago, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), has been demonstrated to improve both skin and lung function as well as quality of life in patients with SSc6,7,8. Transplantation has been performed safely in some studies8, but results have been complicated by high treatment-related mortality in others9. Mortality of HSCT for SSc can be markedly reduced, however, if the reasons for mortality are properly recognized.

The safety of HSCT is determined by 3 variables: (1) …

Address correspondence to Dr. Burt; E-mail: rburt{at}northwestern.edu


This study explores the green IT adoption experience of organizations within the business process outsourcing industry in the Philippines using a multi-theory perspective. Through a multiple case study with three organizations, it presents a holistic account of the factors in green IT adoption. This study shows the usefulness of complementarily deploying adoption theory and offers important theoretical and practical implications for organizations as they extend their BPO operations globally. In this study, the authors discovered that technological and organizational context factors have greater positive impact on Green IT adoption within BPO organizations while environmental context factors have lesser impact in decision-making processes.


Background This study examined the application of interpersonal-psychological theory and early maladaptive schema of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in South Korean university students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data from 367 university students were surveyed using the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire, Early Maladaptive Schema, Suicide Ideation Scale, and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale. Data were collected between June 21 and July 21, 2021. Results University students' interpersonal needs and early maladaptive schema were significantly associated with suicidal ideation, and influencing suicide attempts. The acquired capability for suicide moderated the relationship between suicidal ideation and attempts. Conclusions In suicide prevention programs for university students, it is critical to consider their interpersonal needs and early maladaptive schema, and the acquired capability for suicide, to prevent suicidal ideation and attempts among them.


This presentation focuses, on present-day international Catholic initiatives for the benefit of migrants. Why, despite huge and longstanding institutional mobilization on behalf of migrants, despite very active international networking from specialized NGOs, this concern remains somehow very secondary in Catholic consciences and is even becoming unpopular.


In this study, we introduce a battery energy storage system (BESS) with reconfigurable cell topology as the direct power source for fast-charging of electric vehicles (EVs). In the proposed scenario, the BESS is following the charging request of the EV by changing its cell topology in a real time fashion. The BESS is modelled at the cell level in order to demonstrate the reconfigurable design, and linked with an EV model. The simulation results confirm that the BESS can maintain a balanced level of its cell states while following the voltage request of the EV with satisfactory precision. However, the approach of adaptive cell switching shows to be not sufficient for fulfilling the current request. Therefore, complementary solutions are necessary to achieve a suitable control of the charging current.


Basic investigations have been carried out on the dielectric performance of the ceramic (high-purity alumina, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) surface after switching. In order to examine the influence of the shielding on the protection of the ceramic surface against metal vapour condensation, different types of vacuum interrupters (VIs) have been tested: VIs with and without shielding. After having performed a high-voltage conditioning of the VIs, DC arcs with arbitrary arcing times were triggered between the contacts simulating the generation of metal vapour during high current interruption. Between the arcing tests, the insulation level of all VIs has been tested by means of an AC high-voltage source. Afterwards the VIs were opened and detailed investigations on the condensation of the metal vapour on the ceramic surface were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersed X-rays (EDX), and X-ray photon spectrometry (XPS). The conductivity of the surface film resulting from the condensation of the metal vapour was measured in order to compare the material investigations with the electrical behaviour of the surface.


Abstract Objectives: Vulvar/vaginal atrophy (VVA) is one genitourinary condition associated with a decline in estrogen. This may be bothersome for women following menopause. Although the clinical features of VVA and other conditions after menopause have been documented, few studies have quantified the magnitude of association between VVA and other genitourinary conditions. Methods: A VVA cohort was identified from two United States administrative claims databases. A matched cohort of an equal number of controls was randomly selected from a pool of women 40–79 years of age without VVA. Baseline characteristics and medical history were tabulated for the VVA cohort and matched controls. Six genitourinary conditions ('urinary tract infections', 'other/unspecified genitourinary symptoms', 'other inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs', 'menopausal disorders', 'female genital pain and other symptoms', and 'other/unspecified female genital disorders') were hypothesized a priori to be associated with VVA. Adjusted incidence rate ratios measured the strength of association of VVA with each condition. Results: A total of 9080 women aged 40–79 years with newly diagnosed VVA during 2000–2010 were identified. The mean age of VVA patients and matched controls was 60.2 years. At baseline, a significantly (p < 0.001) higher proportion of women in the VVA cohort had a diagnosis of angina, osteoporosis, migraines, insomnia, or anxiety, or received estrogen supplementation or selective estrogen receptor modulators. VVA patients had a significantly (p < 0.001) higher incidence of each of the genitourinary conditions compared to controls. The condition most strongly associated with VVA with a relative risk of 6.2 was 'other inflammatory diseases of female pelvic organs'. Conclusions: Women with VVA have a greater risk of genitourinary conditions compared to those without. The overall prevalence of VVA and other genitourinary conditions may be underreported as claims data only captures information for patients under medical care and many women do not seek consultation for VVA symptoms.


Summary form only given. This work presents an improved probe technique for measuring magnetic fields inside the imploding liner, designed at the Angara-5-1. The design of miniature probes and way of their positioning have simplified installation of given diagnostic technique in small volume of imploding liners. Positioning accuracy of magnetic probes in radius and on angle was about 0.5 mm. The new probe design has allowed using in each experiment more points of a magnetic field measurement (from 6 to 9 points). Results are presented from experimental studies of the implosion of wire (tungsten, aluminum, and molybdenum) and fiber (kapron) arrays at the Angara-5-1 facility at currents of up to 4 MA and a SXR power of up to 3 TW. The radial distributions of the azimuthal magnetic field in the stage of plasma production in such arrays are measured in detail for the first time, and the radial profiles of the current density are evaluated. The data obtained using an optical streak camera are compared with the results of measurements of the current and voltage. Using the obtained experimental results, the rate of plasma production in the arrays made of different materials is estimated. Qualitative comparison of the experimental probe signals with data of a 1-D MHD-simulation has been made.


This paper presents a new locally matching design for a single flip chip transition. By a suitable layout form along the lateral direction, the design is aimed at compensating the parasitic effect of the transition and achieving a good match over a wide frequency band. Simulation results by FDTD method are presented to validate the design idea.


This paper is an attempt to incorporate a description of some segmental rules of English into the framework of cyclic phonology which has grown out of the classical SPE type of phonology, on the one hand, and Kiparsky's works, on the other. The discussion is organized around the problems of palatalization in American English. The rules arrived at are divided into cyclic and postcyclic types, and some predictions which follow from the proposed division are discussed. The analysis considers a number of modifications in the statement of rules originally introduced in SPE.*


Background and Aims:  Based on parentage analysis of a large nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker database of grapevine genotypes, we propose the pedigree of several cultivars from southwestern France including Merlot, one of the world's major black winegrapes.

Methods and Results:  The putative mother of Merlot, deduced from inheritance at 55 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite loci, is a non-referenced and previously unknown cultivar, first sampled some years ago in northern Brittany where vines were cultivated at the end of the Middle Ages, and then identified in four places in Charentes. Considering both the name used by the growers of this grape and the literature, we have named it Magdeleine Noire des Charentes. The putative father of Merlot is Cabernet Franc, already involved in the parentage of Cabernet-Sauvignon. Further analysis of genetic relationships leads us to propose the kinship group of Merlot composed, among others, of Carmenere (Gros Cabernet × Cabernet Franc), Merlot Blanc (Merlot × Folle Blanche), Cot (Magdeleine Noire des Charentes × Prunelard) and Mourtes (Magdeleine Noire des Charentes × Penouille).

Conclusions:  These results shed new light on the origin of Merlot and on the relationships among several cultivars from southwestern France.

Significance of the Study:  Our discovery of the key genetic role of a previously unknown cultivar in the origins of some significant cultivars reinforces the importance of deep exploration, before it is too late, to discover original genotypes which have not yet been collected or referenced.


A paper on breed characterization and genetic relationships among Berrenda en Colorado(BC), Berrenda en Negro (BN), Pajuna (P) and Cardena (C) cattle breeds was presented at a previous EAAP meeting. The present paper involves 168 BN animals (23 farms), 262 BC animals (25 farms), 14 C animals (1 farm) and 51 P animals (3 farms); 32 DNA markers were used for the genetic studies. Gene flow among the four breeds and farms within breeds was estimated: values for among breeds are low, (3,78 and 3,29) among C and Berrenda (BN and BC); little higher among P and Berrenda (BN and BC) (6,71 and 6,89); lower limits were found ( 2,91)among P and Berrenda (BN and BC) and the highest between BN and BC (18,42). The values obtained are not determinants for farms with the breed, especially for Berrenda cattle breeds (BN and BC). The results agree with previous ethnologic studies about common breed origins and mating systems in populations. The divergence times among the populations studied were obtained, resulting 13,22 generations for Berrenda cattle breeds (BN and BC) and 403,75 generations for P and C. These values were obtained without taking into account gene flow among breeds, when previous data show that it is high, at least for Berrenda breeds.


Elderly pedestrians (age 60 and over) have a very high fatality rate compared to other age groups and are involved in a high percentage of accidents at intersections. In order to develop countermeasures to reduce this problem, the study has identified the accident characteristics of older pedestrians and determined their risk of accident involvement in terms of severity (probability of fatality). Results indicate that the provision of appropriate traffic control devices to reduce the interaction between left turning vehicles and pedestrians at intersections will reduce the accident involvement of older pedestrians. It was also found that there was a reduction in the accident involvement of older pedestrians. It was also found that there was a reduction in the accident involvement of older pedestrians in divided roads compared to undivided roads. Also, the provision of proper lighting during night might reduce the severity of older pedestrian accidents.


In small area estimation, non‐parametric models with penalized spline regression have been demonstrated to be a useful tool in creating granular area estimates to provide supplemental information where samples are few or non‐existent. This study further examines the ability of a semiparametric generalized linear mixed model to produce conforming estimates for multiple area levels. A mosaic analogy is used to describe this process. A design‐based jackknife method is employed for variance calculation.


An image pickup apparatus comprises an image pickup element (120), an image pickup control unit (130), an image conversion unit (140), an estimation calculation unit, and a pixel value conversion unit. The image pickup control unit (130) obtains pick-up images while shifting, with a shift amount that is less than the pixel pitch, the position of the subject image upon the image pickup element (120), successively. The image conversion unit (140) obtains brightness values and color-difference values on the basis of pixel values of a plurality of colors of the picked-up image, and outputs a brightness image composed of the obtained brightness values, and a color-difference image composed of the obtained color-difference values. The estimation calculation unit obtains estimated brightness values for each of the pixels of a high resolution image on the basis of the brightness image, and obtains estimated color-difference values for each of the pixels of the high resolution image on the basis of the color-difference image. The pixel value conversion unit converts the estimated brightness values and the estimated color-difference values into RGB pixel values for each of the pixels of the high resolution image.


A symbolic analog circuit simulator efficiently generates an analytic expression about each parameter in a linear circuit.This paper presents the development of a graphic user interface(GUI) using OpenGL and based on a latest symbolic simulator,GRASS.It shows the sensitivities between all kinds of targets and key parameters using real-time 3D graphics and breaks though the limitation of traditional numerical simulators in this area.The GUI supported symbolic suite provides designers an easy way to find out the most suitable parameters for improving the yield or minimizing the chip area and pow consumption.


As in many other developing countries, the progress of education is affected by a number of overwhelming problems, including rapid population growth, unsustainable development, unemployment, debts, and structural adjustment. However, unlike other developing countries undergoing similar structural adjustment, Egypt's budget for education for the year 1995/1996 has grown to four times as much as that of 1990/1991.


Soft computing differs from conventional (hard) computing in that, unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth. In effect, the role model for soft computing is the human mind. The guiding principle of soft computing is: Exploit the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty and partial truth to achieve tractability, robustness and low solution cost.


ABSTRACT This study introduces a sixth order numerical method for solving Liénard second order nonlinear differential equations. First, the second order Liénard differential equation is transformed into a first order system of equations. Then, the given interval is discretized, and the method is formulated by using Newton's backward difference interpolation formula. The stability and convergence analysis is studied. Three model examples have been presented to demonstrate the reliability and efficiency of the method. The numerical results presented in the tables and graphs show that the present method approximates the exact solution very well.


Introduction: In this abstract we outline our continuing work to map the mare basalts across the lunar surface using the Clementine UVVIS dataset. Oceanus Procellarum represents the most widespread continuous deposit of mare basalts on the Moon, and an understanding of the nature of the materials within this mare is therefore of key importance to our understanding of the volcanic history and thermal evolution of the Moon. The region contains several unsampled basalts [1] so a comprehensive compositional study of all units in the region is vital if we are to fully understand the way in which lunar volcanism has shaped the Moon, and the ways in which lunar magmas and the lunar crust evolved through time. Previous Work: This work is part of an ongoing project in which we aim to compositionally map all basalts on the lunar surface. The southern portion of Oceanus Procellarum has already been studied as part of this project, and the results are published separately [2]. In that study the area from 17.5ºN to 20.5ºS and 289ºE to 317ºE (including the Marius Hills, Damoi-seau, Cavalerius and Flamsteed areas) was covered, with a total of 13 basalts being identified, 10 of which are spectrally distinct. These basalts were placed in the stratigraphic column of [3], adding a further three to those previously recognised in the region. In addition to the mapping of basalt flows in the region, calculations were made for upper and lower limits of their thickness. This was accomplished using the impact craters within the maria to see if they had excavated deep enough to cut through all of the basalts and expose the highland materials below. If highland materials are present, then the excavation depth of the crater must be greater than the thickness of the basalt flows, and this value therefore represents an upper thickness limit. Conversely, those craters which do not expose highland materials must not be deep enough to cut through all of the basalt flows, so their excavation depths provide lower limits for the flow thickness at that point. The average thickness of the basalts in the region of southern Oceanus Procellarum already studied is 160-625m, which equates to an estimated volume of between 0.7 and 2.8×10 5 km 3 .


: This paper presents an exploratory qualitative study which was carried out by means of questionnaires for identifying some knowledge claimed by Mathematics Teacher Educators (MTEs) as important to be, or to become, a "good teacher educator". The study focused the analysis on some teacher educators' answers about MTE's specialised knowledge. Mathematics Teachers' Specialised Knowledge model (the so-called MTSK model) helped us to identify specific dimensions and domains of teacher educators' specialised knowledge, identified in some mathematics teacher educators' answers. From this information, by analysing similarities and differences and prevalent ideas, we raise hypotheses about some features that teacher educators believe as a part of MTE's specialised knowledge. Finally, we propose an adaptation of the MTSK model that can describe the teacher educator's specialised knowledge


The influence of the inorganic flame retardants, including alumina trihydrate (ATH) and borax (Na2B4O7-10H2O, hydrated sodium tetraborate), on the mechanical properties and flammability of high density polyethylene has been studied. Results showed that an increase in the amount of flame retardant compounds caused a decrease in tensile strength, ultimate strain and impact resistance. Using of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) caused an increase in impact resistance compared to other compositions without EVA. Flammability test results showed an improvement in flame retardancy due to using alumina trihydrate and borax. Composite containing EVA and borax showed better flammability properties compared with composite containing EVA and ATH because, EVA as a compatibiliser can increase the stability of the borate component and form a glassy layer on the char, which results in an enhancement in the flammability properties. Furthermore a synergistic effect was observed when alumina trihydrate and borax were incorporated together. The charred layers provided a good thermal and flame barrier. Morphological, rheological and thermal gravimetric analyses studies supported the idea that the improvement in the flame retardancy was due to charred layers formed by the ignition of inorganic flame retardant and polymeric matrix.


From the application of creative graphics in the cosmetic packaging design,it analyzed the origin,composition rule and performance style of creative graphic.It discussed the functional characteristics of creative graphic with transferring the commodity information,enhancing the brand image,promoting the sales objective in modern packaging design.On the basis of this,it proposed using logo or logo auxiliary graph to strengthen the brand image,applying the realistic graphics directly to display packaging product image,as well as the application of related graph and abstract graph to embody the characteristics of packaging products,to obtain the perfect use of creative graphic in the cosmetic packaging design.


From the angles of the carving's devotion and wisdom,the grapheme's void and environ,the strength's control and release,the present article has a deep research into Shek Mun-ming and tries to have a more exact understanding of it.Meanwhile,basing on the understanding of Shek Mun-ming,the author has a discussion about the current Wei Dynasty's stone tablet art movement and puts forward that Shek Mun-ming has made some contribution to the expansion of Wei Dynasty's stone tablet calligraphy,but that's only a starting point.Based on the spirit and writing techniques from the previous dynasties,stele theory of Qing dynasty has important references to the current Wei Dynasty's stone tablet calligraphy research.


Objective: To study the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of infants in patients with hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Methods: The levels of T 3,T 4,TSH,FT 3,FT 4 in 40 cases of hyperthyroid gravida and control group were measured before delivery, the route of delivery and the outcome of infants were studied, and the neonatal thyroid functions were evaluated by the levels of T 3,T 4,TSH in cord serum samples. Results: The levels of T 3,T 4,FT 3,FT 4 in non treatment group were higher than that of treatment group and control( P 0.01); an increased rate of forceps and cesarean in hyperthyroid gravida was seen compared with that in control group, about 90%(36/40); the body weights of infants in non treatment group were lower than that in treatment and control group. There was a case of neonatal hyperthyroidism in non treatment group. Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism should be diagnosed and treated earlier and there is little side effects on the outcome of infants.


Learning from large dimensional data presents major challenges related to the size of the data. Thus, dimensionality reduction techniques such as feature selection are brought in to reduce computation time, improve prediction performance, and better understand the data. However, two problems can occur with current feature selection methods when protected features are considered. The presence of protected features among the selected ones which often lead to unfair results and the presence of redundant features which carry potentially the same information with the protected ones. By protected features we mean features on which it is important to not have bias due to data imbalances. In view of such issues, we introduce a fair feature selection method that takes into account the existence of protected features and their redundant. Our new method finds a set of relevant features with no protected features with the least possible redundancy under prediction quality constraint. This constraint consists of a trade-off between fairness and prediction performance. Below, we outline the strategy of our trade-off approach.


The BOM System with its 504 Beam Position Monitors and 40 Processing Electronics Stations, distributed along the 27 km of the LEP tunnel, has been optimized for all beam conditions and modes of operation. The description of the Beam Position Monitors (or PU) behavior in the tunnel is given. The guiding approaches for obtaining both main aspects of the critical BOM performances were: a) high reliability, since most of the electronics is not accessible during operation, and b) resolution, precision and stability of the signal processing equipment for the management of the LEP optics, polarization and energy calibration. The finalized analog signal processing chains, both Wide-Band and Narrow-Band, are described. Since local memories allow for the recording of data at each bunch passage during more than 1000 revolutions, it can be followed by a powerful digital signal processing allowing for many modes of beam observation. Examples are presented of beam and machine behavior studies. The BOM System has been a key instrument for the success of LEP operation. Paper presented at the Second European Workshop on Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation for Particle Accelerators (DIPAC'95), Lübeck-Travemünde, Germany, 28-31 May 1995 Geneva, Switzerland 8th June, 1995 THE SECOND GENERATION AND OPTIMIZED BEAM ORBIT M EASUREMENT (BOM) SYSTEM OF LEP: H ARDWARE AND PERFORMANCE DESCRIPTION J. BORER, D. COCQ, A. MANARIN and G. VISMARA CERN, SL Division, CH-1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland)


: This paper is concerned with the stability problem of uncertain linear switched systems. The main contribution is to provide a systematic procedure to check the stability of discrete-time uncertain switched systems by using Lyapunov functions with an augmented state vector. The formulation presented in the paper makes use of an augmented Lyapunov matrix that also can be considered in a block diagonal form. The sufficient conditions are given in terms of Linear Matrix Inequalities that can be solved by using available computational packages. Numerical examples from the literature illustrate the performance of the proposed method when compared with other approaches available in the literature.


The issue of violence and discrimination against women is still an international issue, even including the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. Discrimination against women occurs most often is violence, stereotypes and subordination of women. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Determination of informants used purposive sampling technique and data analysis using Miles, Huberman, and Saldana models, namely data reduction, data presentation, data condensation, and drawing conclusions/verification. These efforts are made so that women can empower their potential to contribute their interests and talents to create an independent and prosperous life.


The basic charge and challenge facing the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) as well as hundreds of private and public agencies is to ensure refugee welfare. Hence, debates over appropriate relief often involve the matter of how well-being is defined and measured. During the last decade researchers have chosen different concepts, standards, and tools to measure and assess refugee household welfare in eastern and southern Africa (Armstrong 1988; Bulcha 1988; Hansen 1990; Wijbrandi 1990; Bascom 1993). Yet none of these studies employ multivariate analysis. Instead, they all rely on univariate or bivariate descriptive statistics to assess the welfare of individual households and present the results as frequency distributions or contingency tables derived from cross-tabulation analysis. Hence, the use of multivariate analysis remains surprisingly absent in the literature on refugee migration, despite considerable work based upon such statistical methods for voluntary migration. This study uses multivariate analysis to assess household welfare in conjunction with an extensive data base for Ugandan refugees in southern Sudan. More specifically, we construct an index of household welfare with factor analysis, and then, apply multiple regression to examine associations between that index and a number of independent variables. One benefit of this form of analysis is that it allows the researcher to identify those factors associated with improved household welfare, and then, to compare the relative effect of each one. The household data presented in this study were originally collected to assess the well-being of refugee households. Hence, the data are well-suited for our study, which we hope will provide an initial step in the development of a multivariate research literature to probe into the complex web of relationships that underlie refugees' well-being after they are forced to migrate into a new country.


This paper examines the quality of local government leaderships in Nigeria. It explores how local governments' inefficiency and poor leadership have been a major challenge facing the development process in Nigeria. The paper has two objectives. The first is to identify the professionalism of a sample of Nigerian local government chairpersons. The second is to examine whether there are systematic correlations between local government chairpersons' professionalism, political partisanship, local characteristics, and performance. The paper argues that the quality of local government chairpersons has significant policy implications because of their vital role in policy making and implementation. The concluding section provides some policy recommendations on how local government leaders could improve performance.


Starting from the assumption of equivalence of energy and mass and spacetime, we explain macroscopic and microscopic gravitational phenomena in terms of thermodynamics. Spacetime is quantized by particles with the minimum mass. We call that particle the spacetime particle. Gravity is represented as a thermodynamic pressure caused by spacetime particles. Then we derived the equation of state of spacetime particles. That equation and so on lead us to conclude the following. Dark matter is spacetime particles composing spacetime. The basic mass of the spacetime particle is 1.05×10^(-62) kg. Spacetime structure is represented as the quantized 3-dimensional sphere of Poincaré conjecture. An elementary particle is composed of spacetime particles with energy and charged particles with charges, and it has a radius whose rotational speed is the speed of light. Dark energy is a virtual negative mass by the mass reduction of ordinary matter. Before the birth of the universe, spacetime was the imaginary spacetime caused by one black hole, and spacetime was repeatedly created and annihilated. The universe was born by the collapse of that black hole. Inflation was caused by the expansion of individual matter to their radius at superluminal speed.


. This paper expands a numerical method that is proposed in [1] to obtain approximate solutions of initial value problems for nonlinear frac- tional differential equations. This approach is based on the combination of the two methods: Adomian decomposition method and Jacobi spectral colloca- tion method. The aim of this approach is to reduce the nonlinear differential equation to a system of algebraic equations that can be solved using a nu- merical method. Several examples with numerical solutions are provided to demonstrate the efficiency of this approach.


Tesla is suspending production of its Model 3 sedan for four or five days this week in order to make some tweaks to increase the speed of the process..


Aliphatic nitro compounds can be considered as good precursors of a wide variety of α-azolyl-substituted oximes. The double silylation of convenient aliphatic nitro compounds and the subsequent N,C-coupling of the resulting N,N-bis(silyloxy)enamines 3 with N-silylated azoles 4 lead to the formation of the silylated α-azolyl-substituted oximes 6, which can be smoothly desilylated to give the target α-azolyl-substituted oximes 5. The mechanism of the key step of this process – N,C-coupling – includes the generation of corresponding conjugated nitrosoalkenes 7 (Schemes 4 and 5). The contribution of the chain mechanism in the overall process is considered as well. The studies of the scope and limitations of this reaction, as well as the optimization of its conditions were accomplished. The configuration of the CN bond in oximes was established by NMR.


The Many experiments show that pH affect the growth of promastigotes of L donovani.But the control tests with Acid-base scale have not been reported on the growth of promastigotes from different genesis.This paper reports that pH has different influence on several kinds of promastigotes from different genesis.We obseved that the growth of promastigotes of L.doncvani is inhibited when pH is 4.6 and 8.6.


A scrap removal apparatus (35) for retrieving scrap material (32, 33) from a two-piece table (19) includes a programmed lift arm assembly (37) movable between the table (19) and scrap accumulating areas (82, 83) and has remotely actuable mechanical gripping devices (45) for positively clamping onto the scrap material (32, 33). One form of gripping device is a clamp (50) having a finger (57) and an enlarged pad (54), the fingers (57) of the respective clamps (50) movable through slots (70) defined in the outer table edge (21) to 8rip the overlying outer scrap (32). Another form of gripping device includes a blade (80) for pinning the inner scrap (33) against a stop (73) near the table center.


Abstract : This study was initiated to determine the state of the art of prefabrication technology and the availability of prefabricated facilities. Manufacturers, universities, research institutes, government laboratories, and technical organizations were contacted, and the data gathered were compiled for evaluation. Briefly, this effort showed that prefabrication in the United States is in an advanced stage of development and is continuing to develop. A wide variety of prefabricated systems and buildings is available on the market and will satisfy some current Air Force requirements. Given an incentive, the prefabrication industry will develop products designed to satisfy additional particular Air Force requirements. Prefabricated buildings provide better solutions than conventionally constructed buildings for some Air Force requirements. (Author-PL)


Agency is typically defined in terms of the intentional actions that express an individual's freedom to make rational choices in her/his own life. From this perspective, it is individual agents who exert power and influence in the world, where power is understood as some thing that may be acquired and possessed. This chapter argues that this agent-centred view must be revised if the participatory, engaged and relational potential of leadership-as-practice is to be fully realised. Drawing on a practice typology originally proposed by the Pragmatist philosophers John Dewey and Arthur Bentley, three contrasting practice perspectives on leadership are explored: the Leader-Practitioner, Leadership as a set of Practices, and Leadership in the flow of Practice. Each has its own unique expression of power and agency, and each is defined as a philosophically distinct category. The first two adopt a representationalist idiom to describe respectively the practices of individuals and collectives (from dyads to networks), while the third invokes a performative idiom that engages with the continuous emergence of leadership movements in the ordinary everyday becoming of practice. The relevance of, and interplay between all three perspectives is illustrated in the leadership practice(s) of the All Blacks, New Zealand's national rugby team.


The propagation of magnetoacoustic (MA) waves in hot dissipative plasma is under investigation. We consider that the dissipation is primarily caused by the thermal conduction. Anisotropic thermal conduction strongly affects MA waves and leads both to the dispersion of their velocities and dissipation of their high-frequency harmonics. Such behaviour is related to the characteristic time (length) of a heat transfer, which is defined by the value of the thermal conduction coefficient. These effects are negligible in the low-frequency (long-wavelength) limit and significant in the high-frequency (short-wavelength) limit. In hot plasma, the strong difference between the thermal conduction coefficients across and along magnetic field takes place. Due to these facts, the transformation of the initial perturbation depends on its size. In the present work, we consider the evolution of an initial localized perturbation in hot dissipative plasma in two-dimensional geometry. The analysis of MA waves is carried out using the set of MHD equations. The role of the difference between thermal conduction coefficients across and along magnetic field is analysed. The special attention is given to the case when the longitudinal and transverse thermal conduction coefficients are chosen in such a way that longitudinal (transverse) characteristic length of heat transfer is much greater (smaller) than the size of initial perturbation. The influence of the magnetic field strength on the evolution of MA waves is investigated as well.


8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. LIST OF TABLES 11 LIST OF FIGURES 11 ANNEXES 11 ACRONYMS 12 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 13 1.0 Background 13 1.1 Global/ Sub‐Saharan African situation of HIV/AID 13 1.2 Ghana Situation of HIV/AIDS 14 1.3 Problem Statement 16 1.4 Objective/ Questions 16 CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEW 19 2.0 Concept 19 2.1 Preparedness 19 2.2 Competence as an aspect of preparedness 21 2.3 Resource as a feature of preparedness 22 2.4 Staff strength as an aspect of preparedness 23 2.5 Policy a feature of preparedness 23 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 25 3.0 Methods 25 3.1 Study area 25 3.2 Sample size and selection 25


In‐hospital initiation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy is often recommended to observe the effects of the drug and monitor for possible adverse reactions, especially proarrhythmia. However, the actual risk of proarrhythmia in patients undergoing treatment for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias is not well defined. While patients with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation most often have underlying structural heart disease, this is not true for many patients with supraventricular tachycardia. It is therefore necessary to define more precisely which patients with supraventricular tachycardia are at risk for ventricular proarrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. An indepth analysis was conducted of 162 patients from 51 published reports of ventricular proarrhythmic events in patients treated for supraventricular tachycardia. Heart disease of various etiologies was present in 96% of patients. Proarrhythmia occurred most commonly with quinidine (72% of cases), and torsade de pointes was the most frequent proarrhythmic event (54%). More than half of all proarrhythmic events occurred within the first 3 days of initiating therapy or soon after increasing the dose of chronic drug therapy. Information was scant regarding the time to occurrence of ventricular proarrhythmia with flecainide and propafenone. With flecainide, nine cases were reported at varying times after initiation of therapy, from in‐hospital to 8 months. Two cases of proarrhythmia with propafenone occurred at Day 10 and at 2 years. Because of the low frequency of proarrhythmia, in‐hospital initiation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy may not be cost‐effective. It is recommended when the effects of the drug on the arrhythmia must be monitored, or when initiating treatment or increasing the drug dose in patients with structural heart disease. These include patients with structural heart disease in whom quinidine, disopyramide, procainamide, amiodarone, or sotalol are being used. Observation should extend at least 2 to 3 days after sinus rhythm is restored.


The quality of the geometric design of the road network shall be enhanced when a new access management is applied to get the most optimized route that may be chosen by the road user. Herein Utaifeyah district in Baghdad City is selected, transportation network map is generated for the area, points of problems or incidents like traffic congestion points are located and taken into consideration. The work includes data collection of the traffic volumes within the network from the study area, and then applying optimization study for the alternatives that uses microscopic traffic simulation. The results shows that when the access management scenarios were proposed, and the corridor analysis of the related transportation network was applied, the quality of transportation style of the Utaifeya district shall be improved, the access ratio to the district has increased to 216%, and the emissions of the harmful matters from vehicles have been decreased by 30%.


【Abstract】 The current word similarity calculation does not consider in depth with the primary and secondary relationship between the distance and the depth of sememes. In addition,concept similarity is specified directly when the conceptual description expression contains specific words,which leads to unreasonable. The depth of sememes impacts on the word similarity is limited by the distance of sememes. It analyzes the statistical meanings of the concept expression in "HowNet". Besides,word similarity calculation uses the first basic sememe that can reflect the essence of the word to replace the specific words that appear in the conceptual description expression. Based on the above,an improved algorithm of word semantic similarity is proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm effectively


An antenna element comprises a medium substrate and at least two antenna units arranged thereon. Each antenna unit comprises a feeding unit, earthing units arranged on two sides of the feeding unit, a feed line connected with the feeding unit, and a metal structure, wherein the feed line and the metal structure are in electrical signal coupling connection, and the at least two antenna units allow at least two electromagnetic waves with different communication frequency bands to resonate. A related electromagnetic wave resonance response metal structure base is designed out through adopting artificial electromagnetic material technology, and the structure size is smaller compared with traditional antenna structures, so that the physical size of the antenna is not limited by the half-wavelength physical length; a corresponding antenna unit is designed out based on the above metal structure; and the throughput of sending or receiving information of a multiple-antenna unit is improved based on the MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology.


Objective: To engage in the process of formulating compelling persuasive arguments Type of speech: Persuasive Point value: Incorporated into participation points Requirements: (a) References: 0; (b) Length: 1–2 minutes; (c) Visual aid: No; (d) Outline: No; (e) Prerequisite reading: Chapter 19 (DeVito, 2003); (f) Additional requirements: None All students have opinions about a variety of subjects and issues. What they often lack, however, is the ability to clearly express their opinion in a persuasive manner. The goal of this assignment is to show students how to formulate a compelling persuasive argument, after which they should be able to think carefully about arguments before the arguments are made, consider the basis of their opinions, select and create the best persuasive appeals to express their opinions to others, and consider the possible counter-arguments to their opinion. In short, this assignment provides students with the opportunity to "show" the validity of their position and then "tell" that position to others.


The study aims to examine the impact of international accounting standard (IAS) adoption on the accounting quality of Vietnamese entrepreneurs between 2013 and 2016. The measurements of accounting quality include earnings management, timeliness of loss recognition and value relevance. Post IAS adoption, firms are likely to decrease earnings management but provide more value relevance, revealing the positive impact of IAS adoption and accounting quality. However, there is no relationship between IAS adoption and timeliness of loss recognition in Vietnamese enterprises.


The development of the population and the increasing middle class have made the demand for property increase in Indonesia. This trend is an opportunity for property companies in Indonesia to sell more properties. Property management can meet this demand, among others, by developing new areas or selling in developed areas at a premium. Each choice will have consequences and will create a trade-off. Therefore this study examines the factors that drive the profitability of the company. The hope is that by focusing on the factors that drive profitability, the company will get the optimum return. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method using multiple linear regression. The research data is secondary data taken from the company's financial statements for 2015 to 2019. This study's findings are that internal factors and external factors both influence the profitability of property companies. This study found four internal factors and one internal factor that affect profitability. Internal factors consist of Debt to Equity Ratio, Net Profit Margin, Total Assets Turnover and Operating Cash Flow. Meanwhile, the external factor that influences it is the interest rate. Managers can focus on these factors to achieve the optimum level of profitability.


Studies on the application of electropolishing (EP) of the ANL superconducting deflecting cavity have shown promising results. This cavity geometry is a squashed single-cell cavity with Y-end group waveguide as well as on-cell LOM damper. The cavity works at TM110-like deflecting mode, in which the iris between the cavity cell and the Y-end group is the highest magnetic field region. Before EP, the cavity had been chemically etched (BCP) several times. Forty-μm EP processing was performed on one Mark II prototype deflecting cavity at Fermilab. No mild baking was performed before the cavity vertical test. The test showed that the low-field Q had improved from 2×109 to 3×109 and the high-field Q-slope had been successfully removed. The quench limit was slightly improved from 106 mT to 113 mT. Fast T-mapping had detected a significant decrease of local temperature rise in the cavity iris. Optical inspection before EP found a lot of grooves around the iris, which might be related to the gas bubbles generated during BCP. This suggests that horizontal EP is a promising processing technique to remove the high-field Q-slope and improve the deflecting cavity performance.


Aim To disclose the molecular mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LW)enhances the cognitive function of central nervous system, the effects of Liuwei Dihuang decoction on the differential expression genes in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse was studied. Methods There were 8 gene expression patterns, such as SAMP8 and SAMR1, SAMP8 as negative control and SAMR1 as positive control, huperzine A-treated SAMP8 and SAMP8 as negative control, LW-treated SAMP8 and SAMP8 as negative control, were compared and assessed by use of the differential expression cDNA microarray of the hippocampus of SAMP8 and SAMR1. The response genes of LW were compared. Results LW had significant modulating effects on some of the gene expressions. Expressions of genes, such as DUSP12, NSF, STUB1, CaMKⅡα, AMFR, UQCRFS1 and other 11 novel genes without any functional clues changed significantly. These genes involved in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, the AAA(ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities)gene family, the serine/threonine protein kinases family, ubiquitin ligase, mitochondrial function and so on. Conclusions These results suggested LW effects on the cognitive impairments might be multi-mechanism and these genes might be the potential gene targets for LW effects on the impairments.


An inservice model demonstration project was funded to increase the capacity of institutions of higher education to offer coursework, practicum, and specialty-course sequences across personnel preparation programs for disciplines involved in early intervention. Over two years of implementation, 38 faculty representing 12 professional disciplines at 15 universities and colleges participated in the project This article describes the content, methodology, and participants in this project, as well as the outcomes across participants.


Several plumage characteristics may be used to determine age in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius). In males, juvenal body plumage is recognizably different from the definitive first basic plumage. In females juvenal plumage strongly resembles the definitive first basic plumage. Kestrels do not have an alternate plumage. The first prebasic molt is incomplete; juvenal remiges and rectrices are retained until the second prebasic molt. Flight feather characteristics, including presence of molt, retention of one or more pairs of sec- ondaries, presence and pattern of fault bars, degree of feather wear, and (in females) the width of the black subterminal band on rectrices, provide evidence of age throughout the year. I present a revised key for age and sex determination of American Kestrels.


This diagnostic study compares the performance of mandibular movement monitoring during sleep coupled with an automated analysis by machine learning vs polysomnography for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults.


Bacterial infections are a major global threat to public health and sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Sepsis incidence is rising, with supportive treatments and antibiotics being the main treatment possibilities. Sepsis is characterised by an excessive and uncontrolled immune and coagulation response, leading to tissue damage, capillary leakage, and multiple organ failure. Although sepsis treatment has improved over the last decades, it still remains a challenging disease because of the multiplicity of symptoms caused by bacteria and bacterial products and in parallel, increased bacterial resistance. Therefore, there is clearly a demand for novel therapeutic strategies for sepsis, and correspondingly, also a need for increased knowledge on host defence molecules and their actions. The major goal of this thesis was to identify and characterise novel endogenous host defence peptides (HDPs) and proteins, to define their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects, and to explore their potential as novel anti-infectives. In response to injury and wounding, activation of the coagulation system generates a fibrin clot that prevents excessive blood loss and provides a first protective physical barrier. During this process, various HDPs are formed which play a role in the prevention of infections. In this work, we have defined new host defence activities of proteolytically generated HDPs derived from several well-known plasma proteins involved in initiation or control of blood clotting, including the main coagulation factor thrombin, and the protease inhibitors tissue factor pathway inhibitor -1 and -2, as well as heparin cofactor II. The discovered HDPs were antibacterial against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi. Furthermore, the HDPs also displayed other bioactive roles, including down-regulation of inflammatory responses (thrombin-derived peptide, truncated heparin cofactor II), modulation of coagulation (TFPI-2 peptide), and boosting of complement activation (TFPI-1 and -2 peptides). Moreover, in animal models of septic shock and bacterial sepsis, several of these multifunctional HDPs significantly decreased mortality. In conclusion, host defence peptides with multiple properties could be potentially interesting in the development of the next generation of therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infections and sepsis. (Less)


This article introduced the method of training innovation ability in experimental teaching of environmental science and engineering.The illustration was made on the specific measures of this method,which include combining with research,engineering and practice.


Trivially, a theory is a set of assumptions and a conclusion derived from those assumptions, either deductively or inductively, that is both able to predict and explain certain observed phenomena. The construction of the theory, i.e., the assumptions embedded in the theory, is a function of what phenomena the theorist is explaining. That the simple task of collecting data is no longer 'objective', i.e., value-free, but a function of what conclusions the theorist is willing to entertain is pointed out by Hempel, "And rightly so, for what particular sort of data it is reasonable to collect is not determined by the problem under study, but by a tentative answer to it that the investigator entertains in the form of a conjecture or hypothesis." [4, pp. 12.] An apparent tension then arises when Hempel's comment is taken in conjunction with the claim for positive economics. Hempel appears to claim that any number of conclusions may be entertained so long as the theorist is able to demonstrate proofs for those conclusions, while positive economics suggests that certain conclusions may not be enter tained because those conclusions do not follow


III–V‐based diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) GaGdN/AlGaN multiple quantum disks (MQDisks) were fabricated on Si (001) substrates with native silicon oxides by RF‐plasma‐assisted molecular‐beam epitaxy (RF‐MBE). It was found that the degree of the c‐axis orientation of GaGdN/AlGaN MQDisks and the Ga atomic configuration around Gd atom were improved due to the growth of AlGaN disks, comparing with the GaGdN nanorods grown without AlGaN disks. Additionally, GaGdN/AlGaN MQDisks showed larger saturation magnetisation than that of the GaGdN nanorods. With increasing the height of AlGaN disk, saturation magnetisation was increased.


The invention discloses a natural reoxygenation biomembrane reaction device for the remediation of surface water and a water body in-situ remediation method thereof. The device comprises a reaction device bracket, a water-proof ventilated membrane, a filler, a counter weight and a connecting piece, wherein the reaction device bracket consists of a central bracket, a filler bracket and a protective bracket; the water-proof ventilated membrane is coated outside the central bracket; the filler is hung outside the water-proof ventilated membrane; and the bottom center of the reaction device is provided with the counter weight while the top center is provided with the connecting piece. The reaction device can be directly submerged in water, performs reoxygenation naturally while running, can effectively improve water quality and is suitable for repairing micro-polluted and slightly-polluted water bodies.


This work use basic image processing technique to automatically recognize two different traffic signs (stop sign and yield sign) in an image. The image is first thresholded on RBG domain to separate out the regions with red color, which is those traffic signs usually have, then region mapping is done on the remaining regions, the regions that are either too small and too large are removed since they are unlikely to be a traffic sign. Since these two traffic sign is either triangle or octagon in shape, both have the major axis to minor axis ratio close to one, those regions whose ratio is too large is also removed. Finally, the filling ratio of a region is used to separate stop sign from yield sign. This scheme are tested on an total of 65 images with 52 images have stop signs and 13 have yield sign, the overall correct recognition rate is 83%.


Short-range order in amorphous carbon thin films containing silicon and hydrogen (Si-aC:H) was characterized using radial distribution functions (RDFs). RDFs describe the average number of neighbors located a distance r away from an arbitrary atom in the sample. Two methods in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used in this study to obtain RDFs: energy-filtered convergent-beam electron diffraction (EFCBED) and extended electron energy-loss fine structure (EXELFS) analyses. Four Si-aC:H film samples were prepared in cross section for TEM using a focused ion beam system. Both EFCBED and EXELFS techniques were used to study the same samples. RDF interpretation included estimation and comparison of near-neighbor distances, average bond angles, and coordination numbers as a function of sample composition. Key RDF characteristics were correlated to thin film material properties.


Backgrounds/Aims Gallbladder carcinoma is usually associated with an unfavorable prognosis, and the clinical outcome has not improved much. This study was conducted to evaluate outcomes with gallbladder carcinoma according to the type of surgery performed, and the prognostic factors for survival. Methods One hundred and six patients with gallbladder carcinoma, who underwent surgery for the purpose of curative resection between January 1999 and June 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Results Out of 106 patients, curative resection was achieved in 75 (70.8%). The cumulative 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates of the gallbladder carcinoma patients were 93.4%, 80.9% and 63.0%, respectively. Radical resections, including extended cholecystectomy, were more beneficial for long term survival of patients. The 5-year survival rate in patients who underwent curative resection (56.9%) was significantly higher than in those who underwent palliative resection (0%, p=0.000). Multivariate analysis revealed that curative resection, preoperative CA19-9, T-stage, N-stage and differentiation of histology were independently significant prognostic factors. Conclusions Curative resection and early detection of patients with gallbladder carcinoma were the most important factors for long term survival. Radical resection improves survival for patients with localized gallbladder carcinoma and can help to access exact prognosis and treatments.


In the present study an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) models are developed to predict NO 2 and O 3 concentrations for Hyderabad. The meteorological variables like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure are used as input variables. The best performing network was sought with respect to Coefficient of correlation. Fuzzy Inference system was proposed to predict the NO 2 and O 3 concentrations. A Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system (FIS) was developed in the IF-THEN rules format. The product ( prod ) and the centre of gravity (centroid) methods were performed as the inference operator and defuzzification methods, respectively, for the proposed FIS. The results obtained using Neuro-Fuzzy were compared with the outputs of an Artificial Neural Networks model. The correlation coefficient between observed and predicted concentrations are in the range of 0.966 to 0.985.The evaluation of models results shows that the degree of success in NO 2 and O 3 concentration are seems to be good.


The field of levitated optomechanics studies the interaction between light and the mechanical motion of mesoscopic objects that are suspended by means of magnetic, optical, or electrodynamic traps. The lack of a clamping structure drastically reduces mechanical and thermal coupling with the environment, making these physical systems particularly suitable as ultrasensitive force detectors and as a test bench for quantum mechanics in new regimes. In our experiment, we use a Paul trap to levitate a charged glass sphere that is 300 nm in diameter. We use an ultra-high-vacuum compatible technique to load a nanosphere into the trap. Furthermore, we have developed a method to control the electric charge of the trapped particle, which allows us to tune its oscillation frequency as well as to measure its mass precisely. Here we also report on the observation of cooling of the particle's secular motion by means of feedback cooling, reaching a few tens of mK starting from room temperature. In future work, in order to reach quantum regimes, we plan to couple the center-of-mass motion of the nanoparticle and a single Ca+ ion to an optical cavity. Such a system offers new opportunities for levitated optomechanics, including new cooling schemes in the unresolved sideband regime and protocols for nonclassical motional state preparation.


The invention discloses a tracking method for multiple potential probability hypothesis density expansion targets under a star convex model to mainly solve the problem that in an existing expansion target tracking method, the shapes of expansion targets are modeled as an oval, and tracking is difficult when the shapes of the targets are not regular. According to the technical scheme, firstly, measurement of the targets is generated through a star convex random hypersurface model; secondly, filtering and updating are conducted on the mass center state, the expansion shapes and the potential distribution of the targets together through a Gaussian hybrid CPHD filter based on a gamma function; thirdly, the operation of extracting updated position parameters to estimate the positions of the targets, estimating the shapes of the targets through the updated shape parameters and estimating the number of the targets through the updated potential distribution is conducted in sequence. The tracking method has the advantage that the shape information of the targets can be augmented to the target state mean value, and an unknown number of multiple irregular star convex expansion targets can be continuously tracked.


The effects of NADPH and other cofactors on the metabolism of various steroid substrates by subcellular fractions of guinea pig adrenal tissue were investigated. With 17- hydroxyprogesterone or 11-deoxycortisol serving as substrates, exogenous NADPH appreciably stimulated C-21 hydroxylation and side-chain cleavage in mitochondrial preparations. However, only weak enhancement of C-llβ hydroxylation was observed, even when relatively large concentrations of NADPH were employed. Adrenal 700 Xg supernatant fractions readily converted 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol in the absence of any exogenous cofactor. The addition of NADPH to such preparations resulted in reduced yields of cortisol, because the cofactor apparently stimulated further metabolism of the cortisol formed. Under our experimental conditions, we could not demonstrate any enhancement of steroid C-llβ hydroxylation by NADPH. Mitochondrial C-llβ hydroxylase activity was stimulated by dialysates of 5000 Xg supernatant fractions of liver or adrenal tiss...


This empirical study was designed to identify the key factors that affect entrepreneurial orientation of university students. An exploratory model was suggested to verify the relationship among the research variables including entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial orientation(Innovativeness, Proactiveness, Risk-Taking Propensity) in order to attain the purpose of the study. This paper also aimed at investigating the possible difference between Korea and China in entrepreneurial process within this research framework. Total 440 university students participated in this study from both countries; Korea(n=224) and China(n=216). The hierarchical multiple regression was employed for estimating technique by using IBM SPSS statistics Version 23. The findings showed that entrepreneurship education works as a key predictor of entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as well. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy has a positive and significant mediating effect and goes on to further impact entrepreneurial orientation. So, entrepreneurship education should be enhanced extensively in order to promote entrepreneurship of young people. The theoretical and practical implication were presented. Keyword: Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovativeness, Proactiveness, Risk-Taking Propensity, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Korean university students, Chinese university students


Objectives: We evaluated the accuracy of using enhanced computed tomography (CT) findings in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion and using preoperative levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) as a marker for adnexal necrosis. Subjects: Sixty-six patients who were surgically treated for ovarian torsion between January 2009 and August 2012 at our institution were included in this study. Methods: We retrospectively studied: (1) the relationship between the presence of pathological necrosis and the time from the onset of ovarian torsion to the operation, (2) the relationship between pathological necrosis and the preoperative CRP value, (3) differences between macroscopic and pathological findings of necrosis, (4) the incidence of observing significant findings (fallopian tube thickening or twisted pedicle) related to adnexal torsion when using enhanced CT for the diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Results: (1) There was a significant difference (P = 0 .03) in the incidence of pathological necrosis in patients who had experienced ovarian torsion of < 12 h (25% incidence of necrosis) and patients who had experienced ovarian torsion of −> 24 hr (60% incidence of necrosis). (2) Twenty-two cases of ovarian torsion were CRP positive and 44 cases were CRP negative. There was a significant difference in the percentage of the CRP positive cases and CRP negative cases which showed pathological necrosis, (63.6% and 31.8%, respectively, P = 0.02). (3) Forty-one of the 66 torsion cases showed macroscopic necrosis; however, 29.2% of these were not pathological necrosis. (4) Of the 66 torsion cases, 75.6% showed some significant findings on enhanced CT scans. Conclusions: (1) A prolonged time from the onset of ovarian torsion to an operation leads to pathological necrosis. (2) The CRP value is a good surrogate marker for the presence of pathological necrosis. (3) Macroscopic findings sometimes misdiagnose ovarian necrosis. (4) Enhanced CT helps in the accurate diagnosis of ovarian torsion.


Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNAi plasmid and(or) tumor suppressor gene P53 on the proliferation of lung cancer.Methods The RNAi plasmid and p53 gene mediated by Lipofectamine 2000 were introduced alone and jointly into the non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cell line A549.The effect of the genes on the growth of the cells was detected by MTT method on day 1,3,5,7 after gene transfection.Results The RNAi plasmid alone mediated by Lipofectamine2000 inhibited obviously the growth of NSCLC cell line A549 cells at day 1,3,5,7 after transfection of the gene.And cotransfecting RNAi plasmid and p53 enhanced the inhibitory effect on A549.Conclusion RNAi is possible a new approach for NSCLC gene therapy.Cotransfacting RNAi plasmid and p53 gene may be a better choice.


Objective
To explore the effects of team management model on the prevention and control of incontinence dermatitis in patients with paraplegia.

Methods
A total of 113 patients with paraplegia and incontinence who were treated in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University Medical School from March 2016 to February 2018 were enrolled in the study. They were divided into observation group and control group according to the sequence of admission. The patients who were admitted from March 2016 to February 2017 were assigned as the control group, with 56 cases. The patients who were admitted from March 2017 to February 2018 were assigned as the observation group, with 57 cases. The control group was treated with routine intervention. Team management was applied in the observation group on the basis of routine nursing for 4 weeks. The incidence of incontinence dermatitis and negative emotion were compared between the two groups.

Results
After intervention, the incidence of incontinent dermatitis of the observation group (5.26%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (14.29%) , and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . The scores of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale of the observation group were (38.70±6.83) and (41.07±5.62) , which were both lower than those of the control group (46.39±8.15) and (47.31±6.52) respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05) .

Conclusions
Team management can effectively reduce the incidence of incontinence dermatitis and negative emotions in paraplegic patients, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Key words:
Paraplegia; Team management; Incontinence dermatitis


The environment education is a complex system.The joint effects of its organization,self-adaptability and development form the social response of the environment education.The modern styles of the social response generally consist of "Green Revolution" of the people's living style and political participation of environment protection organizations.Therefore,rules and policies of the environment education should be made according to the system-thinking model of complex scientific management.


Luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring is commonly employed during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) to detect high esophageal temperatures during radiofrequency (RF) delivery along the posterior wall of the left atrium. However, it has been recently suggested that in some cases the esophageal probe itself may serve as an RF "antenna" and promote esophageal thermal injury. The aim of this study was to assess the electrical and thermal interferences induced by different types of commercially available esophageal temperature probes (ETPs) on RF ablation.


The microstructure and morphology of a mixture of polymeric materials depends on factors in both the thermal and rheological history of a sample as well as on its equilibrium thermodynamics. Concentrating largely on systems which are partly miscible we explore the effects of molecular, rheological and thermodynamic parameters on phase diagrams of binary polymer blends and show how these interact with sample preparation in determining the final sample morphology.


Oligonucleotides (OGNs) are relatively new modalities that offer unique opportunities to expand the therapeutic targets. Reliable and high-throughput bioanalytical methods are pivotal for preclinical and clinical investigations of therapeutic OGNs. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is now evolving into being the method of choice for the bioanalysis of OGNs. Ion paring reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP-RPLC) has been widely used in sample preparation and LC–MS analysis of OGNs; however, there are technical issues associated with these methods. IP-free methods, such as hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and anion-exchange techniques, have emerged as promising approaches for the bioanalysis of OGNs. In this review, the state-of-the-art IP-RPLC–MS bioanalytical methods of OGNs and their metabolites published in the past 10 years (2012–2022) are critically reviewed. Recent advances in IP-reagent-free LC–MS bioanalysis methods are discussed. Finally, we describe future opportunities for developing new methods that can be used for the comprehensive bioanalysis of OGNs.


This slide presentation is an overview of the some of the known results of spaceflight induced intracranial hypertension. Historical information from Gemini 5, Apollo, and the space shuttle programs indicated that some vision impairment was reported and a comparison between these historical missions and present missions is included. Optic Disc Edema, Globe Flattening, Choroidal Folds, Hyperopic Shifts and Raised Intracranial Pressure has occurred in Astronauts During and After Long Duration Space Flight. Views illustrate the occurrence of Optic Disc Edema, Globe Flattening, and Choroidal Folds. There are views of the Arachnoid Granulations and Venous return, and the question of spinal or venous compliance issues is discussed. The question of increased blood flow and its relation to increased Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is raised. Most observed on-orbit papilledema does not progress, and this might be a function of plateau homeostasis for the higher level of intracranial pressure. There are seven cases of astronauts experiencing in flight and post flight symptoms, which are summarized and follow-up is reviewed along with a comparison of the treatment options. The question is "is there other involvement besides vision," and other Clinical implications are raised,


Breaking up is easy to do Sinking particles transport carbon to the seafloor, where they are buried in sediments and either provide food for benthic organisms or sequester the carbon they contain. However, only ∼30% of the maximum flux reaches depths of a kilometer. This loss cannot be fully accounted for by current measurements. Briggs et al. used data collected by robotic Biogeochemical-Argo floats to quantify total mesopelagic fragmentation and found that this process accounts for roughly half of the observed flux loss (see the Perspective by Nayak and Twardowski). Fragmentation is thus perhaps the most important process controlling the remineralization of sinking organic carbon. Science, this issue p. 791; see also p. 738 Robotic measurements show that fragmentation of sinking particles exerts a major control on ocean CO2 storage. A critical driver of the ocean carbon cycle is the downward flux of sinking organic particles, which acts to lower the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. This downward flux is reduced by more than 70% in the mesopelagic zone (100 to 1000 meters of depth), but this loss cannot be fully accounted for by current measurements. For decades, it has been hypothesized that the missing loss could be explained by the fragmentation of large aggregates into small particles, although data to test this hypothesis have been lacking. In this work, using robotic observations, we quantified total mesopelagic fragmentation during 34 high-flux events across multiple ocean regions and found that fragmentation accounted for 49 ± 22% of the observed flux loss. Therefore, fragmentation may be the primary process controlling the sequestration of sinking organic carbon.


The analyses have been made of the publications and other documents on the monitoring results of the fruits Fireblight in the USSR and Russian Federation in different periods (stages), which permitted to establish species structure of pathogens and their areas. The role of the USSR Plant Quarantine Service as well as various scientific bodies and particular scientists is shown in solving this problem. The need to further intensify this work in close cooperation of countries for solving this serious problem is underlined.


[Objective] The research aimed to confirm the genus correlation among 25 strains of endophytic actinomycetes in plants preliminarily.[Method] The genomic DNA was extracted from 25 strains of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from such plants as wheat,onion and rape.PCR amplification and sequencing were made on its 16S rDNA sequences to make the phylogenetic analysis.[Result] The phylogenetic analysis results showed that 25 strains of endophytic actinomycetes in plants could be divided into 5 genus,including 1 strain of Glycomyces,2 strains of Nocardiopsis,7 stains of Nocardia sp.,10 strains of Micromonospora and 5 strains of Streptomyces.[Conclusion] Among 25 tested strains,the proportion of Micromonospora was highest.The evolutionary distance between the tested endophytic actinomycete and the known strain in the corresponding genus was concentrated in the range of 97.39%~99.92%.


The compilation of Islamic law (KHI) consists of three books: book one concerns of marriage; book two concerns of inheritance, and book three concerns of religious endowment. Unlike book one and book three which have other legislation regulating them i.e. Law No. 1/1974 of marriage, Government Regulation No. 9/1975 of marriage and Law No. 41/2004 of religious endowment, book two of the KHI have no other supporting legislation whilst articles available in the book two are very limited. Hence, there are many jurisprudential questions left by the KHI with regards of Islamic inheritance in Indonesia.


The monograph presents the results of the development and research of new mathematical models of the processes of vibrations of solids, liquids and gases, taking into account local disequilibrium. To derive differential equations, the Navier—Stokes equations, Newton's second law and modified formulas of the classical empirical laws of Fourier, Hooke, Newton are used, which take into account the velocities and accelerations of the driving forces (gradients of the corresponding quantities) and their consequences (heat flow, normal and tangential stresses). The conditions for the occurrence of shock waves of stresses and displacements in dynamic thermoelasticity problems formulated taking into account relaxation phenomena in thermal and thermoelastic problems are investigated, new results are obtained in the study of longitudinal and transverse vibrations of rods, strings, liquids and gases, and the conditions for the excitation of gas self-oscillations arising from a time-constant heat source are determined.
It is intended for scientific and technical workers specializing in mathematics, thermophysics, thermoelasticity, as well as teachers and students of technical universities.


Context: With the increasing use of electronic devices and social media, the duration of sleep has consistently reduced in adolescents. Sleep restriction eventually leads to cognitive performance declines. Poor sleep and working memory difficulties are both associated with learning difficulties leading to poor academic performance. Aims: We postulated that decreased sleep duration decreases the working memory of adolescents and eventually their academic performance. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional Study. Methods and Material: The study was conducted on 114 school students; 62 boys and 52 girls (age 13.8 ± 0.91 and 13.65 ± 0.88 years, respectively). Sleep was monitored by self-reported diary. Working memory was tested by the n-back task. The students were given 1-back and 2-back visual tasks in two blocks and accuracy of each of the tests was calculated. Statistical Analysis Used: Prism software was used and Mann-Whitney-U test and Spearman Correlation tests were employed. Results: Sleep duration range was 4.15-12 hours with a mean of 7.63 ± 1.35 hours. The sleep duration in males and females, respectively was 6.94 ± 0.94 hrs. and 8.5 ± 1.31 hrs.; significant (p = 0.0001). The total n-back score accuracy (1-back and 2-back) was 52.11 ± 17.32% in males and 52.24 ± 17.40% in females (p = 0.976). Spearman Correlation between sleep-duration and total n-back score was not found to be statistically significant (p = 0.611). However, the correlation of total n-back score with academic performance was statistically significant. Conclusions: The working memory was not statistically different in males and females, and was not significantly correlated with sleep duration, though it was significantly associated with the academic performance.


Laser display technology is widely recognized as the most promising candidate for large screen projection and compact mobile display applications. Laser light possess high luminosity and high spectrum purity, which offers exquisite colour rendering and unprecedented viewing experiences. In addition, power consumption and device footprint are small for laser based projectors.


The article is devoted to studying the stress-strain state (SSS) and assessing the strength of the Gissarak, Sokh, and Pachkamar earth dams in a plane statement under the action of body forces and hydrostatic pressure. A mathematical model, algorithm, and computer program for studying the stress-strain state and assessing the strength of structures are developed in the article using the Lagrange variational equation. The finite element method was used in the problem solution. The adequacy of the model and the accuracy of the algorithm and program were verified by solving several test problems. It was revealed that the stress-strain state and strength of the studied earth dams significantly depend on the physical and mechanical properties of soils, the commensurability of geometric dimensions and slope coefficients of the dam retaining prisms, and on the level of water filling in reservoirs.


In this paper we study the fast adiabatic-like expansion of a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined in a harmonic potential, using the theory of time-optimal control. We find that under reasonable assumptions suggested by the experimental setup, the minimum-time expansion occurs when the frequency of the potential changes in a bang-bang form between the permitted values. We calculate the necessary expansion time and show that it scales logarithmically with large values of the expansion factor. This work is expected to find applications in areas where the efficient manipulations of BEC is of utmost importance. As an example we present the field of atom interferometry with BEC, where the wavelike properties of atoms are used to perform interference experiments that measure with unprecedented precision small shifts induced by phenomena like rotation, acceleration, and gravity gradients.


The invention relates to a wireless communication system for an Internet-of-Things aggregation node of a machine tool. The system comprises a numerical-control Internet-of-Things aggregation node, wherein the numerical-control Internet-of-Things aggregation node is in connection with a serial port of a numerical-control upper computer, and is in wireless communication with a sensor of a numerical-control machine tool and comprises an MCU (Micro Controller Unit) and a radio frequency chip, and the MCU is connected with the radio frequency chip and is in the wireless communication with the sensor of the numerical-control machine tool. According to a wireless communication method, the numerical-control Internet-of-Things aggregation node is in connection with the numerical-control upper computer and is in the wireless communication with the sensor of the numerical-control machine tool, so as to finish data transmission. According to the wireless communication system, the numerical-control Internet-of-Things aggregation node can receive data from a wireless collection node and can sent commands to the wireless collection node, and a series of problems caused by a wired connection manner utilized by a sensor network of a conventional machine tool are solved; by utilizing an external pin breakage manner, a processor can do other affairs when the wireless data are not received and sent, and thus the function extension of the numerical-control Internet-of-Things aggregation node is facilitated.


This paper have done a comparative study on storage property of three kinds of orange species(Guiqi No.1,Newhall Navel Orange and Guicheng No.1).Guicheng No.1 has the best performance on maintaining fruit quality during storage;Guiqi No.1 take the second place;Newhall Navel Orange has the poorest effect.In the aspect of changes of rotted-rate of fruit during storage,Guiqi No.1 has the lower rotted-rate of fruit than the other two orange species.Storage for a certain time play a positive role in improving flavor of fruit.After the storage time reach 90 days,quality and rotted-rate of fruit show a significance drop.


The aim of this study are (1) describes the targets for the application of narrative counseling, (2) describes the scope of application narrative counseling, (3) describes the procedures for application narrative counseling, and (4) describes the successful application of narrative counseling. The approach used is qualitative with a type of literature review. The data sources used are 25 research data that correspond to the problems to the problem studied. The data collection technique used is documentation (document analysis). The result of this study are (1) the target of application of narrative counseling are children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly, (2) the scope of application or narrative counselling are personal, social, academic, and career areas, (3) the procedures for application of narrative counseling are good relationship building, problem identification, implementation of narrative counseling techniques, and follow up with termination, and (4) the successful application of narrative counseling is able to resolve problems such as depression, lonely, negative self concept, low happiness, death anxiety, identity crisis, ADHD, low self acceptance, communication anxiety, social phobia, low marital satisfaction, low motivation to learn, and desperate to find a job.


being; he particularises, determines, or realises himself in the world and in man. This is what makes him concrete and hereby is his abstract being negated. But why should I not proceed directly from the concrete? Why, after all, should that which owes its truth and certainty only to itself not stand higher than that whose certainty depends on the nothingness of its opposite? Who would, therefore, give mediation the status of necessity or make a principle of truth out of it? Only he who is still imprisoned in that which is to be negated; only he who is still in conflict and strife with himself. Only he who has not yet fully made up his mind – in short, only he who regards truth as a matter of talent, of a particular, albeit outstanding faculty, but not of genius, not of the whole man. Genius is immediate sensuous knowledge. Talent is merely head, but genius is flesh and blood. That which is only an object of thought for talent is an object of the senses for


The article presents an overview on the development of the sociology of sport and the importance of the ICSS, describes the relationship of the sociology of sport to kindred disciplines and presents three different models of the sociology of sport. Finally the theoretical orientation and the relationship of theoretical and applied dimensions of sport sociology are discussed.


The use of agent technology to support Ecommerce operations, especially in automating the buying and selling process is so promising and is worth of success.Electronic commerce grows rapidly over the Internet. The information on internet becomes more dynamic and heterogeneous. Thus, software agents are required to provide a strong working structure as they help build powerful distributed systems.The approach proposed in this paper is a multi-agent automated intelligent shopping system whose aim is to present optimal solutions to enhance and facilitate e-commerce transactions (including automated price negotiations). It is a distributed system, where human users (buyers and sellers) are able to delegate their tasks to agents, which will then do the shopping job on their behalf and present them the results. Buyer users (customers) and the seller users (suppliers) can be organizations, companies or individuals. The proposed approach is demonstrated by a sample implementation done using JADE.