PURPOSE: An image processing apparatus and an UI providing method are provided to enable users to watch an image with the same quality regardless of an image signal input mode. CONSTITUTION: An image processing apparatus comprises the following: a user interface unit(120) receiving a user command for adjusting the quality of a first or second image signal; an image processing unit(130) generating a reference image frame by the user command; a display unit(140) displaying the reference image frame; and a controller(150) adjusting the quality of the second image signal based on the first image signal of the reference image frame, and controlling the display of the reference image frame with the adjusted quality.


In recent decades, artificial nerve scaffolds have become a promising substitute for peripheral nerve repair. Considerable efforts have been devoted to improving the therapeutic effectiveness of artificial scaffolds. Among numerous biomaterials for tissue engineering scaffolds fabrication, natural polymers are considered as tremendous candidates because of their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, high cell affinity, wide source, and environmental protection. With the development of engineering technology, a variety of natural polymer‐derived nerve scaffolds have emerged, which are endowed with biological properties and appropriate physicochemical performances to gradually adapt to the needs of nerve regeneration. Significantly, the intergradation of exogenous biomolecules onto the artificial scaffolds is able to avoid low stability, rapid degradation, and redistribution of direct therapeutic drugs in vivo, thereby enhancing nerve regeneration and functional reconstruction. Here, the development of nerve scaffolds derived from natural polymers, and their applications in continuous administration and peripheral nerve regeneration are comprehensively and carefully reviewed, providing an advanced perspective of the field.


Presents the demand for indoor environment of WFI project in the injection workshop, air conditioning design and related monitoring system. According to the Operational test results, some suggestions for the clean air conditioning design are given.


Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta are China's three City Concentrated Areas, or CCAs, whose intercity transportation demands are also the greatest. To meet the great intercity transportation demands, many expressways, high-speed railways and intercity railways are being constructed or planned on the major corridors such as Beijing-Tianjin, Shanghai-Nanjing and Guangzhou-Shenzhen, etc. This paper studies three intercity corridors' transportation characteristics, analyses the planning and technical-economic advantages of expressway and railway, forecasts the passenger and freight volumes in the future, and also gives proposals for intercity transport development on intercity corridors.


This article engages with stakeholder management practices from the building phase of hospital construction projects to analyse the methods employed by contractor and client in a construction project context. A series of vignettes illustrating stakeholder management practices in action are combined with the insights of a client relations manager with direct responsibility for stakeholder management affairs. The article provides practical guidance for practitioners and explores how stakeholder management issues revolve around the emerging event, with a supporting apparatus to facilitate communication and collaboration being critical to stakeholder interests and concerns being addressed. The insights are valuable for multiple health facility contexts where obtaining and maintaining stakeholder support is important.


The article analyzes the cooperation within the Russia-China-Japan triangular in the context of the Russian diplomacy's intensification in Asia. It examines current Sino-Russian and Russian-Japanese tendencies in the development of their relations and their correspondence with the Russia's strategic priorities. The main focus lies in the China's and Japan's role in the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia's modernization.


Based on the combination of ant colony algorithm and microgenetic algorithm,a new optimization technique for the design of multilayered radar absorbing materials is presented.The optimization procedure is designed for a given maximum thickness,and the optimization conditions will be different to meet the practical requirements in the different frequency bands between 2 and 18GHz.The experimental results show that this new combination algorithm can obtain a better solution than that of the microgenetic algorithm.This new combination algorithm gives a new approach to solve the constrained combinatorial optimization problems.


PurposeThe properties of materials under impact load are introduced in terms of metal, nonmetallic materials and composite materials. And the application of impact load research in biological fields is also mentioned. The current hot research topics and achievements in this field are summarized. In addition, some problems in theoretical modeling and testing of the mechanical properties of materials are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe situation of materials under impact load is of great significance to show the mechanical performance. The performance of various materials under impact load is different, and there are many research methods. It is affected by some kinds of factors, such as the temperature, the gap and the speed of load.FindingsThe research on mechanical properties of materials under impact load has the characteristics as fellow. It is difficult to build the theoretical model, verify by experiment and analyze the data accumulation.Originality/valueThis review provides a reference for further study of material properties.


Summary
The concentrations of the major ions present in mature leaves of Potamogeton schweinfurthii and its natural pond waters were measured, together with membrane potential differences between the interior of leaf cells and the pond waters. Simple electrochemical interpretation of the data suggests active import of chloride, phosphate and sulphate, and active export of potassium and sodium ions. Calcium and magnesium ions may enter very slowly passively but may also be actively exported.


The company wich has to manage an instrument park is facing the following problems : should it realize its metrology internally or externally? Far outsource? Is released from responsability if all metrology equipment are outsourced? Unfortunately, there is no ready-made solution! It should be recalled that the metrology is not limited only to the calibration of an instrument as it is a process of overall quality control of the measurement results including among others the definition and expression of need, planning and realization of calibration, product functionality ... So, we must differentiate the subcontracting function metrology has the administrative and technical responsibility for defining and implementing the management system of measurement (1 ) and subcontracting calibration. At first, it is the financial information justifying first outsourcing of metrology. However, in addition to economic criteria (cost reduction in material and personnel, fleet optimization tools ...), you must consider the history (specificity of the company, know-how ...), the level technical and quality.


The aerospace industry has searched for a software technology over the last twenty-five years that would dramatically improve productivity and reduce cost and schedule. Each new technology improved software quality and the development process. Major product cost improvements such as high-level languages and object-oriented methods resulted from technologies that produced program-size reductions. None of these technologies have produced the anticipated efficiencies, or productivity gains, measured in source lines per person month (lppm).


Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) can be used for the treatment of halogenated phenolic substances. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide the toxic phenols are oxidized to form polymers which undergo partial dehalogenation. However, when immobilized, the peroxidase is subject to inactivation due to blockage of the active sites by the growing polymers and to deactivation by excess levels of hydrogen peroxide. When HRP immobilized on a novel glass-based support which incorporates titanium dioxide is subjected to UV irradiation, the nascent polymer is removed and hydrogen peroxide is produced. In this work a reactor was constructed that utilized HRP immobilized on the novel support to treat 4-bromophenol (as model substrate) under UV A or UVB irradiation and the in situ production of hydrogen peroxide. The system was operated for almost 17 hours with no apparent decline in activity.


The present work aims to assess Laser-Induced Plasma Spectrometry (LIPS) as a tool for the characterization of photovoltaic materials. Despite being a well-established technique with applications to many scientific and industrial fields, so far LIPS is little known to the photovoltaic scientific community. The technique allows the rapid characterization of layered samples without sample preparation, in open atmosphere and in real time. In this paper, we assess LIPS ability for the determination of elements that are difficult to analyze by other broadly used techniques, or for producing analytical information from very low-concentration elements. The results of the LIPS characterization of two different samples are presented: 1) a 90 nm, Al-doped ZnO layer deposited on a Si substrate by RF sputtering and 2) a Te-doped GaInP layer grown on GaAs by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy. For both cases, the depth profile of the constituent and dopant elements is reported along with details of the experimental setup and the optimization of key parameters. It is remarkable that the longest time of analysis was ~10 s, what, in conjunction with the other characteristics mentioned, makes of LIPS an appealing technique for rapid screening or quality control whether at the lab or at the production line.


Finitely generated (non-abelian) free metabelian pro-p groups, and wreath products of f.g. free abelian pro-p groups, are all finitely axiomatizable in the class of all profinite groups.


o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o M st studies f jets fr m y ung stars have c ncentrated n h w they pr pagate and interact with their surr undings n scales f a few th usand AU t several parsecs (see, f r example, the chapter by Hartigan et al., this v lume). Ultimately, h wever, it is the regi n cl sest t the star ( n angular scales 1 0 f r the nearest star-f rming regi ns) that we have t pr be if we are t btain clues as t the rigin f the jets themselves. On the bservati nal side, a large am unt f pr gress has been made t wards understanding the "central engine." We discuss vari us aspects f jets fr m y ung stars, n tably measurements f their width and pening angle cl se t the s urce, the s -called "micr jets" as well as their thermal and n nthermal radi emissi n. Finally, we c nclude by reviewing the rapidly gr wing area f m lecular hydr gen studies f utfl ws.


1. Moaven LD, Hyland CA, Young IF, et al. Prevalence01hepatitis G virus in Queenslandblood donors. Med J Aust 1996;165: 369-371 2. Tacke M, Kiyosawa K, Stark K, SchlueterV, et al. Detection of antibodies to a putative hepatitis G virus envelope protein Lancet 1997; 349: 318-320. 3. Pilot-Matias TJ, Carrick RJ, Coleman PF, et a! Expression at the GB virus C E2 glycoprotein using the Semliki Forest VIrUS vector system and its utility as a serologic marker. Virology 1996; 225: 282-292. 4. MoavenLD,TennakoonPS,Bowden DS, LocaminiSA.Mother to baby transmission of Hepatitis G virus. Med J Aust 1996; 165; 84-85. 5. Moaven LD, Angus P, Bowden DS, et al. No apparent association of hepatitis G virus with non A-E fulminant hepatitis in a small cohort study [abstract]. Proceedings of the Ninth TrienniallntemationalSymposiumon ViralHepatitisand LiverDisease; 1996 Apr 21-25; Rome. Rome' CpA (Viale delle Medaglie d'Oro, 34200136),256: C210. 0


The method is executed by a mobile communication terminal, which carries out wireless communication through a communication service system. The communication service system provides at least services of telephone and short message. First, an alarming device is started up. Then, alarming sound in high decibel is output through a sound device setup at the mobile communication terminal. Base on parameter setup inside the mobile communication terminal in advance, decision whether a message of crying for help is sent out through the communication service system is made. If the parameter setup in advance indicates that the said message of crying for help needs to be sent out, then the message through the communication service system is sent out.


Early Springs (ES), March and April in particular, have been extremely dry in Central Europe in recent years, particularly from 2003 onwards. This is causing substantial impacts, foremost to agriculture, which is heavily dependent on sufficient moisture supply at the beginning growing season. However, the drivers of ES droughts are still not well understood. In this article, we investigate the temporal evolution of ES precipitation anomalies for the period 1860–2020 over Central Europe and the driving large‐scale atmospheric circulation conditions. Two periods of ES drought conditions stand out, the most recent period (2005–2020) and another one during the middle of the 20th century (1926–1950) which show sustained negative precipitation anomalies in ES with only a few exceptions. The positive phase of the East Atlantic/Western Russia surface air pressure patterns is found as the main driver of ES precipitation deficit. Further analyses reveals an important role of positive western Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies. These drive a Rossby wave response, resembling the positive phase East Atlantic/Western Russia pattern. Although the given evidence points towards internal multidecadal North Atlantic variability driving the warming patterns, anthropogenic warming from enhanced greenhouse gas emissions cannot be discarded as additional forcing of the recent ES drought period.


This study looks at identity construction on the Internet via the differences of link inclusion between academics whose homepages have been university-constructed and those whose homepages have been self-constructed, both dependent and independent of the university site.


Cultural heritage institutions are spending considerable effort and resources to provide online access to their collection catalogues and collection management systems, usually through their institutional websites. This improves accessibility and supports research and engagement by diverse user groups, as well as meeting the increasing expectation by audiences that this type of information will be freely and easily available online. However, cultural organisations have not responded to these needs in the same way and have been employing different web tools and features to present their collections online. In this article, we argue that the technological implementation choices and the type of content provided reflect also the philosophy of communication of the institution itself. We used the constructivist approach's learning theory and theory of knowledge and combined these interrelated epistemological and cognitive perspectives to analyse the communication philosophy of a large number of museum online catalogues. The article presents the research carried out initially in 2007 through 2009 and then again in 2017, studying the provision of collections information online by different types of museums across Europe and in the United States. This enabled us to establish categories of presentation types and study the changes over time. The results highlighted the major shift towards participatory practices which have been transforming the cultural heritage world over the past years.


Residual torque depression (rTD) is the decrease in isometric torque following active shortening of skeletal muscle, compared to a purely isometric (ISO) contraction performed at the same muscle length and level of activation. Performance fatigability is defined as any exercise-induced reduction in voluntary force or power, and females are typically more fatigue resistant than males at low intensity isometric contractions.

PURPOSE
This study investigated performance fatigability in males and females during ISO contractions and isometric contractions following active shortening (rTD).

METHODS
14 females (22 ± 2 years) and 14 males (23 ± 2 years) performed three baseline maximum voluntary contractions (MVCs) of the dorsiflexors. The MVCs were used to determine a 30% submaximal torque target, which participants matched as steadily as possible until task failure. The ISO fatigue task was performed at 10° plantar flexion. In the rTD session, the participants' ankle was rotated from 40° to 10° plantar flexion prior to performing the same fatigue task. MVCs were performed immediately after task failure, 30-s, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 30-mins after task failure to track recovery.

RESULTS
The baseline MVC torque amplitude for males (32.1 ± 6.6 N·m) was 31% greater than females (22.3 ± 3.1 N·m) (p < 0.001, ηp = 0.490). Female's time to task failure was 44% longer than males in the ISO state (p = 0.032, ηp = 0.164). However, there was no sex-difference in the rTD state (p = 0.142).

CONCLUSION
It appears that the sex-differences in fatigue resistance observed in a low intensity ISO task are abolished in the isometric state following an active shortening contraction.


How do you measure the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave? The standard technique is to split the beam into two partial waves, allow these waves to travel independently for a time, and then measure their interference as a function of the phase difference between the two paths. This technique uniquely determines the wavelength of an electromagnetic wave, and the result is independent of the quantum state of the wave. However, this seemingly obvious result is not so obvious if we look at the definition of wavelength from a quantum-mechanical point of view.


The group-theoretical analysis was carried out to derive a spin-vibronic model Hamiltonian and a diabatic dipole moment operator for a cerium trihalide molecule, CeX 3 . The model comprises seven lowest-lying 4f 1 electronic states coupled by six vibrational modes, (A 2 '' + E' + E'' + A 1 ' + A 2 ') × (a 1 ' + a 2 '' + e' + e'), with an accounting for spin-orbit coupling. Multimode potential energy surfaces have been calculated for the CeF 3 molecule at the multi-reference singles and doubles configuration interaction level of theory corrected for quadruple excitations, MRCISD+Q, and dipole moment surfaces at the MRCISD level. A hybrid approach employing a quasi-diabatization technique was utilized to determine the relevant model parameters up to forth order in power series of the Q 1 (a 1 '), Q 3 (e'), Q 4 (e') normal coordinates, and eighth order of the Q 2 (a 2 '') out-of-plane bending normal coordinate. Spin-orbit coupling was taken into account through zero-order, with the respective constants obtained from matrix elements of the Breit–Pauli operator in the basis of states generated at the MRCISD level. The spin-vibronic Hamiltonian and dipole moment operator obtained in this way has been utilized in the variational calculations to simulate the infrared absorption spectrum of CeF 3 . The resulting spectrum features a complex structure owing to an intricate interplay of the vibronic (Jahn–Teller and pseudo-Jahn–Teller) and spin-orbit coupling effects, and hence cannot be explained within the conventional Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation. The strongest absorption appearing in the simulated spectrum at about 500 cm –1 , mostly associated with the Q 3 (e') stretching mode, is split into two bands by about 3 cm –1 . This finding is in full agreement with the CeF 3 matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy data. On the whole, the results of the calculations clearly indicate the vibronic rather than vibrational origin of the spectral bands, including the bands in the low-frequency region of the spectrum, and thus show the fallacy of the generally accepted assignment of the bands observed in the experiment to the fundamental vibrational transitions of the molecule made on the assumption of the admissibility of describing this within the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. The new assignment of the experimental IR spectrum of CeF 3 is proposed. For citation : Vasilyev O.A., Solomonik V.G. First-principles simulation of the cerium trifluoride infrared spectrum beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation. Izv . Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 201 8 . V. 6 1 . N 3. P . 31 - 44


Elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections and analyzing powers have been determined for 16 MeV polarized protons incident on /sup 116,120,124/Sn. Data extracted for these isotopes include scattering from the lowest 2/sup +/ and 3/sup -/ collective states and two other less collective states (5/sup -/,4/sup +/) below 3 MeV in excitation. Our analysis of the data uses a coupled-channel formalism based on the harmonic vibrational model with a (0/sup +/,2/sup +/,3/sup -/,5/sup -/4/sup +/) coupling scheme. Nuclear deformation parameters of the central and spin-orbit potentials for the excited states have been extracted and compared with similar quantities deduced from (n-arrow-right,n) scattering from the same isotopes.


Great changes have taken place in education field as the reform policy's further implementation,while the educational system of ideology in the colleges has fallen far behind,which greatly affects the all-around college education.According to this situation,the article presents some thoughts.


This paper analyzed basic viewpoint and development process of impressionistic painting. From the unique angle of visual art, architecture and impressionistic painting have their essential common point that is the light and the color by comparing. And then we let them to dialogize, thus come to probe into the theory and method of spatial visual design, and analyze the meaning and the relationship between art and architectural beauty.


The determinants of the long run equilibrium unemployment rate are modelled through a cointegrating regression. The residual term, which represents the error correction mechanism, is used in the testing of a general dynamic model to obtain a simplified representation of the data generation process over the period 1968(2)–1989(2). The long period equilibrium unemployment rate, which is I(1), is shown to be related to the rate of capacity utilization, a structural change variable and the rate of capacity growth. Steady state rates of unemployment are calculated which are based on different assumptions about the magnitudes of the independent variables. In contrast to the other two variables, changes in the rate of capacity utilization are shown to have only modest effects on the steady state unemployment rate. The Okun coefficient is inversely related to the steady state unemployment rate, which accords with intuition. The statistically significant decline in the trend growth rate of non-farm GDP in the 1970...


The present invention relates to an antenna arrangement (100) comprising an antenna section, said antenna section comprising a number of radiating elements which may be arranged in arrays or sub-arrays. It further comprises at least one further antenna section, said at least two antenna sections (101,102,103) being mounted substantially along a straight line, a non-straight line or irregularly at a mounting structure (40). It comprises a feeding network arrangement (20) for feeding said at least two antenna sections (101,102,103), with feeding network control means for controlling the feeding of the antenna sections (101r 102, 103) allowing for beam forming control.


4. The requirements of institutional food services such as restaurants, hospitals, etc., to reduce their food preparation costs and upgrade their finished food quality. Examples are the recent upsurge of portion packaging to supply hospitals and schools with bread, cookies, etc. in individual portions packaged in cellophane to keep them fresh and sanitary until used and at the same time improve distribution and portion control. Restaurants have recognized that they must reduce their food preparation costs. There is now a demand for prepared products of high quality to make up for the ever increasing shortage of trained chefs.


Abstract Spectra of polycrystalline samples of NH3BF3 and ND3BF3 at 300 K and 98 K have been recorded in the frequency range 20-400 cm−1. Isotopic frequency ratios are used to interpret the observed features in terms of the known molecular and crystal structures.


Aphasia assessment tools have primarily focused on classical aphasia type and severity, with minimal incorporation of recent findings that suggest a significant role of executive control operations in language generation. Assessment of the interface between language and executive functions is needed to improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. This study aims to ascertain the psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of a new assessment of aphasia, the Brief Executive Language Scale (BELS). The BELS was developed as a brief bedside screening tool specifically designed to assess core language and executive functions involved in spontaneous generation of language. Similar to other measures of aphasia, the BELS assesses core language skills: articulation, reading, repetition, naming, and comprehension. Unique additions to the BELS include assessments of: spontaneous speech, word fluency (phonemic/semantic), sentence completion, and sentence generation. Data from one-hundred and thirty-six acute stroke patients, collected from local metropolitan hospitals were analysed. Confirmatory factor analysis, and logistic regression were employed to determine the construct validity, and discriminant validity of the new scale. The BELS provided a new measure that is easily administered to acute stroke patients at the bedside. The results showed that the BELS is sensitive for nominal language deficits (e.g., naming), and it measures executive aspects such as spontaneous language generation, which is a hallmark of frontal dynamic aphasia. The results have encouraging theoretical and practical implications.


Objective To analyze the effect of Datsing Bio-Paper (absorbable hemostatic membrane) in the application of the Dixon surgical procedure for rectal cancer.Methods 52 patients with rectal cancer who had undergone the Dixon procedure during the period of February 2010 to August 2011 were randomly assign to receive Datsing Bio-Paper to cover the surgical wounds of the pelvic and presacral areas (study group,27 patients),or no hemostatic materials (control group,25 patients).The volume of postoperative draining and the incidence rate of short-term complications were compared between the two groups.Resuts The volume of postoperative draining differed significantly between the two groups (P<0.05); and there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications (P>0.05).Conclusions Datsing Bio-Paper has a positive effect on hemostasis in the surgical wounds and on a reduction in surface effusion and it is safe and convenient.It is helpful in the prevention of intestinal adhesion and obstruction and in the redution of rectal anastomotic fistula.

Key words:
Rectal cancer;  Dixon procedure;  Datsing Bio-Paper


The Japanese yen has fallen sharply against the U.S. dollar in the last year, having a dramatic impact on Japanese firms on this journal's top global contractors list. Of the 19 Japanese contractors on both the 1997 and 1998 top global contractors lists, 17 saw decreases in total contracting revenue. As a group, these 19 contractors had revenue in 1997 that was only 88.9% of what it was in 1996.


This paper proposes a multi-classification pattern algorithm using multilayer perceptron neural network models which try to boost two conflicting main objectives of a classifier, a high correct classification rate and a high classification rate for each class. To solve this machine learning problem, we consider a Memetic Pareto Evolutionary approach based on the NSGA2 algorithm (MPENSGA2), where we defined two objectives for determining the goodness of a classifier: the cross-entropy error function and the variation coefficient of its sensitivities, because both measures are continuous functions, making the convergence more robust. Once the Pareto front is built, we use an automatic selection methodology of individuals: the best model in accuracy (upper extreme in the Pareto front). This methodology is applied to solve six benchmark classification problems, obtaining promising results and achieving a high classification rate in the generalization set with an acceptable level of accuracy for each class.


2. Xia A, Hooker D, Dickerson S, Hegarty L, Fielden D, Strait L. 28 Health economic analysis of low-dose methoxyflurane (LDM) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe trauma pain in sweden. BMJ Open. 2018;8(Suppl 1):A11.


namely, cytochrome P-450, iron-sulfur protein (ferredoxin) and flavoprotein. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against homogeneous preparations of the ferredoxin. The antibodies were used in indirect immunofluorescence studies to localize the ferredoxin along the nephron of renal tissues obtained either from vitamin D3-deficient or vitamin D3-sufficient chicks. The ferredoxin is predominantly localized in the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubules. These results suggest that, in addition to the mitochondrial localization of the 1-hydroxylase, the enzyme may also be present in renal nuclei. The amount of the ferredoxin in kidney, as evidenced by the intensity of fluorescence, appeared to be independent ofthe vitamin D status ofthe chick. This finding indicates that changes in the concentration of the renal ferredoxin is not a major factor in the regulation of the 1-hydroxylase activity.


A noise resilient pitch detection algorithm, BaNa, is evaluated to test its accuracy and effectiveness in achieving the lowest Gross Pitch Error (GPE) rate in noisy environments. Pitch detection in noisy environments remains at the forefront of current research like music signal analysis with emerging applications such as speech perception and recognition and music notation programs. An analysis of BaNa is provided and will mimic the results obtained in the BaNa paper. Furthermore, additional iterations will be performed changing various parameters such as, timestep and frequency bounds of the signal. Lastly, the results obtained in the experiment were compared to those presented in the BaNa paper. The results show that BaNa provides lower GPE rates than other pitch detection algorithms in music evaluation of noise resilient pitch detection. BaNa achieves the lowest GPE rate with the most consistency and is responsive to parameter changes. Keywords—fundamental frequency; cepstrum; pitch detection algorithm; signal-to-noise ratio; gross pitch error rate.


AbstractEarth's arid subtropics are situated at the edges of the tropical belt, which encircles the planet along the equator and covers half of its surface area. The climate of the tropical belt is strongly influenced by the Hadley cells, with their subsidence and easterly trade winds both sustaining the aridity at the belt's edges. The understanding of Earth's past, present, and future climates is contingent on understanding the dynamics influencing this region. An important but unanswered question is how realistically climate models reproduce the mean state of the tropical belt. This study augments the existing literature by examining the mean width and seasonality of the tropical belt in climate models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) and experiments from the second phase of the Chemistry–Climate Model Validation (CCMVal-2) activity of the Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (SPARC) project. While the models overall reproduce the structure of the tropical belt width's seasonal cycle, they und...


The Marfans syndrome is a generalized connective tissue disease involving eye, musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and inherited autosomal dominant with various expression type. The cardiovascular complications such as aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation and aortic dissection which usually occurs in previously normal sized aorta are poor prognostic factors. However, the aortic dissection which developed in patient with Marfan syndrome and aortic aneurysm was rare. We experienced one case of dissecting aneurysm in patient diagnosed as previous aoritc aneurysm, aortic regurgitation, and Marfan syndrome, receiving successful operation.


We demonstrate the performance of a beamformer-RAKE receiver at the uplink of a wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system. The receiver employs maximum signal to interference and noise ratio (MSINR) criterion to form its beams in the spatial domain. We propose a new iterative algorithm to solve the generalized eigenvalue problem (GE) resulting from the MSINR beamforming criterion. This algorithm, termed adaptive matrix inversion (AMI), has linear computational complexity with the number of antenna elements. We show the performance gain compared to that of another proposed method.


We develop an object trajectory pattern learning method that has two significant advantages over past work. First, we represent trajectories in the HMM parameter space which overcomes the trajectory sampling problems of the existing methods. The proposed features are more expressive and enable detection of trajectory patterns that cannot be detected with the conventional trajectory representations reported so far. Second, we determine common trajectory paths by analyzing the optimal cluster number rather than using a predefined number of clusters. We compute affinity matrices and apply eigenvalue decomposition to find clusters. We prove that the number of clusters governs the number of eigenvectors used to span the feature similarity space. We are thus able to automatically compute the optimal number of patterns. We show that the proposed method accurately detects common paths for various camera setups.


. We perfom a thorough computation of the one-loop corrections from both scalar and tensor degrees of freedom to the power spectrum of curvature fluctuations for noncanonical Lagrangians in single-field inflation. We consider models characterized by a small sound speed c s , which produce large non-Gaussianities. As expected, the corrections turn out to be inversely proportional to powers of c s ; evaluating their amplitudes it is then possible to derive some theoretical bounds on the sound speed by requesting the conditions necessary for perturbation theory to hold.


Blacks and Hispanics have fewer cases of acute leukemia compared to whites but they die at a substantially higher rate, according to study results presented at the Fourth AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities, held here Sept. 18-21, 2011.
From 1998 to 2008, blacks had a 17 percent increased risk of dying from acute leukemia and Hispanics had a 12 percent increased risk compared to white patients.
When separated into the two forms of acute leukemia – acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) – the difference in mortality was even more striking. Blacks and Hispanics diagnosed…


Detroit's population has been in decline for decades and this trend is expected to continue. The Southeast Michigan Council of Government's (SEMCOG) forecasts for the city predict that the population will fall from the 2010 Census figure of 714,000 to 610,000 by 2030—far from the city's peak population of over 1.8 million in the early 1950s.


Travelling around the world for seeking medical treatment is seen as a growing phenomenon all over the world. Aspects such as lower costs, shorter waiting time, same care or even better quality of care may be available in other countries and legal issues are seen as the prime motives for the development of medical tourism. India is one of the leading emerging medical tourist destinations in the world. There are various factors that drive international medical travelers to visit India for medical treatment purposes and these are internationally accredited hospitals, highly professional and highly qualified doctors and nurses, Low-cost medical treatment cost and high quality standard of services. The objective of this literature review is to determine the type of treatment seeking behavior of international medical tourists from India and other medical tourism destination and also to find out the flow of medical tourists from various countries. These factors will be ranked according to importance so as to assist in determining in what treatment the hospital should focus on. The findings indicate most of the medical tourists are coming for surgical and wellness treatment. The published literature is mostly focused on the flow of medical tourists from western countries to India, but primary research shows that the flow is primarily from South Asian and African countries. There is a potential gap is observed between the published data and the research conducted. This paper suggests how the policy makers of a developing country can strengthen their economy by promoting medical tourism. The current economic climate of India offers great opportunities for strengthening medical tourism such as the National Health Policy and Market Development Assistance scheme to incentivize the participating hospitals.


Background: In many large hospitals in Switzerland, adolescents 16 years and older are treated in adult emergency departments (ED). There have been few publications about this specific patient population, especially in Switzerland. This study aims to provide an overview of emergency presentations of adolescents between 16–18 years of age when compared to adults and focuses on their principle complaints. Methods: We conducted a single-centre, retrospective, cross-sectional study of all patients aged 16 years and older presenting to the adult ED at the University Hospital (Inselspital) in Bern, Switzerland, from 2013 to 2017. This analysis gives an overview of emergency presentations of adolescents between 16–18 years of age in this time period and compares their consultation characteristics to those of adult patients. Results: Data of a total of 203,817 patients who presented to our adult ED between 2013 and 2017 were analysed. Adolescents account for 2.5% of all emergency presentations. The number of ED presentations in the reviewed time period rose for adults (+2368, 95% CI: 1695, 3041, p = 0.002 consultations more per year; +25% comparing 2013 with 2017), while adolescent presentations did not significantly increase (p = 0.420). In comparison to adult patients, adolescents presented significantly more often during the night (39.1% vs. 31.5%, p < 0.001), as walk-ins (54.2% vs. 44.9%, p < 0.001), or with less highly acute complaints at triage (21% vs. 31%, p < 0.001). They were more likely to be discharged (70.8% vs. 52.2%, p < 0.001). We found a significant association between the two age groups and principle complaints. In comparison to adults, trauma and psychiatric problems were significantly more common among adolescents. Conclusions: Our data showed that complaints in adolescent patients under 18 years of age significantly differ from those in older patients. The artificial age cut-off therefore puts this vulnerable population at risk of receiving inadequate diagnostic testing and treatment adapted only for adults. Additional studies are needed on the reasons adolescents and young adults seek ED care, as this could lead to improvements in the care processes for this vulnerable population.


Annotation: The article is devoted to the study of cohesion of servicemen as one of the important factors determining the nature of interaction in the military collective. The author emphasizes that the cohesion of servicemen largely depends on: psychological compatibility of servicemen, combination of their psychological qualities, which would allow them to participate peacefully in joint combat activities, the basis of which is correspondence of individual temperamental properties and socio-psychological compatibility of wrestlers, which reflects their professional and moral qualities. According to the author, compatibility is one of the most important conditions for group cohesion and effectiveness of activities in combat conditions. It was noted that military psychologists and unit commanders should pay great attention to the recruitment of small military units based on three levels of psychological compatibility of military personnel: psychological (compatibility of temperaments); professional (compatibility of ideas about military activities); value-orientated (consistency of value orientations of servicemen).


We investigate three-dimensional profiling of targets in highly scattering underwater environments, obtained using the time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) technique. This approach was implemented in laboratory conditions by using an optical detection system based on a linear array of single-photon detectors and a dedicated TCSPC module. The depth imaging system comprised a single-photon detection module, a TCSPC acquisition system, and a laser diode source in a bi-static transceiver configuration. The laser operated at a wavelength of 670 nm with a pulse duration of 120 ps at a repetition rate of 40 MHz, equivalent to a period of 25 ns. The laser provided a collimated line focus which horizontally illuminated the area of interest. The photon detection module consisted of an array of 16 × 1 silicon single photon avalanche diode (Si-SPAD) detectors built in custom silicon fabrication technology, with each SPAD having a photon detection efficiency of up to 28% at a wavelength of 670 nm. The timing information was measured by a dedicated TCSPC acquisition module, which included four four-channel time to amplitude converter (TAC) arrays. The system acquired time-correlated images with a timing bin duration of 1.6 picoseconds, which was equivalent to 180 μm depth resolution in water. The targets were placed in a 110 liter capacity tank, at a distance of approximately 1.65 meters in several underwater scattering environments, and were moving at a speed of 10 mm/s. These laboratory based experiments demonstrate depth profiles performed in scattering conditions equivalent up to 7.4 attenuation lengths between the transceiver and target, using acquisition times per line of approximately 30 ms, and the pulsed laser had an average optical power of less than 14.6 mW.


The advancement in the fascinating area of fuzzy set theory has become area of much interest, generalization of the existing fuzzy subsystems of other algebraic structures is very important to tackle more current real life problems. In this paper, we give more generalized form of regular ordered gamma semigroups in terms of (E,EVq_k)-fuzzy gamma ideals. Particularly, we characterized left regular, right regular, simple and completely regular ordered gamma semigroups in terms of this new notion. Some necessary and sufficient conditions for ordered gamma semigroup to be completely regular are provided in this paper.


Examined in this article are artifacts (Myeonggi, Bokwan) usually found inside Joseon royal mausoleums, as well as other records of such items. Artifacts excavated from royal tombs of Joseon were various, but they can be identified either as those which belonged to the king or those which belonged to the queen, by types of Bokwan utensils and the inclusion of weaponry. In the early years of Joseon gold and silver utensils were put inside the royal mausoleums, but since the days of Sejong such practice was banned, and the types and number of utensils allowed to be placed inside the tomb were strictly specified in official records including the "Five Ritual Protocols" of the Annals of Joseon King Sejong's reign ("Sejong Shilok O'rye-eui"). Meanwhile, another practice that began in the Sejong days was putting musical instruments in the tomb, and lasted through the 17th century. Mausoleums from the early half of the Joseon period was never excavated, so we can consult artifacts that came from tombs of other members of the Joseon royal family. Collection of artifacts that belonged to figures such as On'nyeong-gun, Jeonseong-gun and Gwangcheon-gun reveal that utensils put in tombs slowly changed from 'Buncheong sagi' items to White porcelain. And the shapes and figures of them match how such items are generally portrayed in pictorials inside records such as Sejong Shilok O'rye-eui. In the Joseon period's latter half, 『Juja Garye (Household protocols dictated by Ju Hi)』 was embraced by the public as a mainstream authority, and as a result types and number of utensils to be put in tombs were either simplified or reduced. Such trend was especially evident during the reign of king Yeongjo, as in mid-18th century 'Mogin' utensils were completely excluded, and some of the dining utensils and weaponry were dropped as well. Other tombs of royal family members reveal what began to be not put inside tombs either, and the collection of articles from Jeongjo's mausoleum Geon'reuing of 1800 shows us that choice of buried items exactly matched how it was dictated in Euigwe materials. We can see that reigns of Sejong and Yeongjo were turning points in the early and latter halves of the Joseon period respectively in terms of 'buried items.' This shows us that traditions of the Joseon royal family changed over time. King Yeongjo, who had earlier experienced quite a lot of national funerals, was very active in trimming down unnecessary aspects in burial practices, and therefore contributed to the establishment of Confucian frugality as well as ritual protocols based upon such mentality.


-The software requirement specification (SRS) is a volatile document. Even well documented SRS evolves and grows throughout Software Development Life Cycle. Requirements management plays an important role to manage evolution and growth in SRS. Managing requirements in manual ways becomes very difficult especially in global software development due to some additional factors (time zone difference, cultural issues, geographical boundaries, etc.). To overcome this difficulty software industry moves to automate the requirements management. In this research activity, our focus is to survey about tools to automate the requirements management in global software development (GSD). We consider existing tools in this survey those are not developed for GSD and evaluate them on defined parameters in the context of GSD. In short our goal is to validate the existing tools for GSD. Index Terms Requirements Management, SRS, Tools, Automation, GSD, Integration, Access Control ——————————  ——————————


At the northern edges of Etruscan territory, the sanctuary and fortified acropolis of Poggio Colla served as a regional center of ceremonial importance and very likely wielded economic power in the realm of local production activities (Fig. 1).1 Early phases at the site contained a temple dating to the sixth and fifth centuries BCE.2 The later phases at Poggio Colla contain monumental architecture that was standing into the second century BCE. The Mugello Valley Archaeological Project (MVAP) has excavated at Poggio Colla since 1995 and has implemented a range of multidisciplinary projects on the landscape surrounding the hilltop settlement.3 A major research focus in the vicinity of Poggio Colla has been a ceramic production center in a field known as the Podere Funghi. The site in the Podere Funghi was discovered by MVAP archaeologists when artifacts were brought to the surface by deep plowing in the late 1990s. It was first explored archaeologically in 1998, and several seasons of excavation by the MVAP revealed a building with four ceramic kilns, and a nearby midden containing domestic refuse and kiln wasters.4 The research reported here addresses the organization of production in light of four elements that help depict social and economic organization around Poggio Colla, and presents new research that specifically addresses the organization of this unit of production in terms of its isolation or relationships with other elements on the landscape.5


Handicapped children's responses to toys vary as a function of sensory and response limitations, cognitive delays, and the quality of experiences provided. Each developmental difficulty (motoric, visual, auditory, emotional, cognitive) generates special developmental needs that must be recognized and considered when planning play activities and selecting and using toys. This article focuses on criteria for selecting, adapting, and using toys for each developmental problem.


The characteristics of surface connection include high fatigue strength, high centering ability, easy dismantling and long life. According to these characteristics and based on the analysis of logarithmic spiral equation, the article explores a new technique of the matched logarithmic spiral profile connection to facilitate efficiently by formulating the machining process and analysing the part technology to determine the geometric modeling, tool path and simulation of NC machining graph and to inspect the process of Logarithmic spiral axes CNC Machining Center and CMM.


GTR-NE-325 PROFILES OF WORKING WOODLANDS: EXPANDING THE DEFINITION OF ACTIVE FOREST MANAGEMENT Susan Campbell1 and Paul Catanzaro2 1Associate Director, Massachusetts Woodlands Cooperative 1 Sugarloaf Street, South Deerfield, MA 01373 email@example.com 2Extension Forestry Specialist in the Department of Natural Resources Conservation at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Holdsworth Natural Resources Center, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 firstname.lastname@example.com


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need for respectful open dialogue and trusting relationships among stakeholders in educational assessment. It is argued that this is a tenet of a democratic civil society.Design/methodology/approach – A theoretical framework is presented for navigating assessment tensions frequently experienced by educational stakeholders operating in the interest of civil societies. The framework emerged from a two‐year mixed‐method study of assessment in Canada.Findings – Five key assumptions, plus their ontological and epistemological orientations, that should guide assessment in the service of a civil society are described. The unidimensional and multidimensional perspectives related to student assessment are articulated along with associated tensions and opportunities. Implications are discussed for stakeholder groups including teachers, educational leaders, parents, unions, professional associations, department of education personnel, academics, informal commun...


The mobility of people and goods in metropolitan areas is affected by multiple factors. Most research that analyses changes in mobility focuses on the impacts generated by transport network development. In contrast, this article looks at factors such as the new production model, the development of information and communication technologies, and socio-demographic and cultural transformations. These all have direct, also indirect, repercussions on mobility and the new territorial model that they bring about. Although their effects on mobility are complex and asymmetric, the trends point towards an unsustainable model, with an increase in journeys, distances, times and, above all, vehicle use.


Nitrogen is required for adequate residue production from cereal cover crops used in no-till cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production, but residues can immobilize N needed by cotton. We conducted a 3-yr field study on a Decatur silt loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Paleudult) in northern Alabama to test N fertilizer practices for cotton grown with a rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop and conservation tillage. Nitrogen rates applied to the rye cover crop were 0, 34, and 67 kg N ha -1 and cotton N rates were 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha -1 . Additionally, 15 N microplots were established in cover crop N treatments of 34 kg N ha -1 and in cotton treatments of 90 kg N ha -1 . Data collected included cover crop aerial biomass, cover crop C/N ratios, cotton leaf N at first flower, lint yield, lint quality, and 15 N in plant and soil samples. Cotton grown in unfertilized rye treatments needed 57 to 60% (38-40 kg N ha -1 ) more N to maximize yields above median conventional tillage N recommendations (67 kg N ha -1 ). Cover crop N rates of 67 kg N ha -1 maximized cover crop biomass production for soil protection and soil organic matter aggradation. If the cover crop was fertilized, minimum cotton N applications of 70 and 76 kg N ha -1 were needed for economic optimum and maximum lint yield, respectively. We speculate that cotton N rates may be decreased in the future as new N and C pool equilibria are reached.


Modern methods in warfare make it difficult to attribute reponsibility for war crimes. The paper examines that in three instances: Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), Lethal Autonomous Robots (LARs), and Computer Network Attacks (CNAs). With PMSCs the crucial question is wheter the hiring contract proves a sufficient link to engage the hiring state's responsibility for the company's misconduct. Since LARs are not operated by a human, the options for assigning individual criminal responsibility are doubtful. CNAs suffer from the as yet unsure technical means to definitely establishing their source. Although autonomous CNAs targeting a civilian object are likely war crimes, the technical impossibility of establishing the source prevents the verification of either state or individual responsibility.


Abstract : This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Physics Academy of Science as follows: 1) Experimental investigation of kinetics of atomic iodine generation via F atoms based on the chemical reaction of F2 with NO, and a sequential reaction of F with HI performed on a small-scale device will provide detailed information about feasibility and efficiency of this method for a COIL. 2) Experimental investigations of the small signal gain distribution and laser generation on the supersonic COIL device modified for injections of gaseous reactants will provide detailed results on the most efficient and advantageous location of atomic iodine injection into the singlet oxygen flow in the laser. 3) More sophisticated computational CFD model of this reaction system will be developed to optimizing the mixing conditions and interpret experimental results.


Main concern will be put at suggesting an alternative idea about the basic notion of the Extended Projection Principle (henceforth, ECP) which has been slightly changed since the initial appearance of the EPP. The EPP had been dependent on Case and theta-role under the era of the early generative grammar, whereas it was reduced only to the categorial feature [D] under the minimalism. Various data such as Locative Inversion constructions, there-expletive constructions, and sentences related to binding theory will be dealt with to suggest an plausible alternative idea. As a conclusion, it will be attested that the SPEC position of the inflectional clause should be filled with a maximally projected lexical item. This conclusion will be reached by analyzing lots of linguistic data.


The main aim of this paper is to study some growth properties of generalized iterated entire functions in the light of their relative orders, relative types and relative weak types. AMS Subject Classification: 30D20, 30D30, 30D35.


Strohmeier, Schmitt-Rodermund, Immigrant Youth in European Countries. Sam, Vedder, Liebkind, Neto, Virta, Immigration, Acculturation and the Paradox of Adaptation in Europe. Sabatier, Berry, The Role of Family Acculturation, Parental Style and Perceived Discrimination in the Adaptation of Second Generation Immigrant Youth in France and Canada. Schmitt-Rodermund, Silbereisen, Well-adapted Adolescent Ethnic German Immigrants in Spite of Adversity - The Protective Effects of Human, Social, and Financial Capital. Oppedal, Psychosocial Profiles as Mediators of Variation in Internalizing Problems Among Young Immigrants With Origins in Countries of War and Internal Conflicts. Motti-Stefanidi, Pavlopoulos, Obradovic, Dalla, Takis, Papathanassiou, Masten, Immigration as a Risk Factor for Adolescent Adaptation in Greek Urban Schools. Strohmeier, Spiel, Gradinger, Social Relationships in Multicultural Schools: Bullying and Victimization.


A theory of the paramagnetic linewidth in gaseous atomic hydrogen, based on the theory of Baranger, and on an expansion of the spin correlation function in powers of the density is presented. To the approximations considered, the line shape is Lorentzian, the linewidth is proportional to the H atom density, and the relevant cross section involves an interference between the scattered amplitudes from the singlet and triplet potential curves. Comparison with experiment yields a velocity averaged cross section of 28.3×10—16 cm2 at 325°K. This value is compared to other estimates found in the literature.


Gram-negative bacteria are characterized by an outer membrane which serves as an effective protection against noxious compounds. The uptake of nutrients and ions is enabled by the outer membrane proteins referred to as porins. The general porins often show a selectivity to either cations or anions. The Omp32 from is a strongly anion selective porin (1). The three dimensional structure was recently determined by X-ray crystallography at 0.21 nm resolution (Fig. 1). Omp32 shows voltage dependent closing when incorporated in planar lipid bilayers. Conformational changes of extra-cellular loops of OmpF in response to an applied electric potential , which lead to an occlusion of the pore entrance, were observed by atomic force microscopy measurements (2). Now, an experimental approach is required, which is able to monitor conformational changes in situ.ATR FTIR difference spectroscopic methods are capable to detect changes in protein structure. Moreover, modulation spectroscopy enables access to a kinetic analysis of the sample response of a varying external parameter (e.g. electric field) (3,4). For FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, it is a prerequisite to achieve a reproducible technique of protein immobilization on the internal reflection element (IRE). Here we present a method for Omp32 monolayer preparation which was adapted from two-dimensional crystallization of membrane proteins in the presence of phospholipids. Preliminary results of FTIR modulation spectra obtained by modulated E-field excitation of the Omp32 monolayer are shown. Delftia acidovorans


Indonesia is a strategic archipelagic country. It makes Indonesia as a transit point for asylum seekers and refugees to pursue their destination to Australia. Some of these asylum seekers do not apply for refugees' status determination procedure through UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) for some reasons. They entry in Australia through sea illegally. On the other hand, the trafficking syndicates employ Indonesian children who work on a ship which bring asylum seeker to Australia. They arrive in Australia and do not realize that they break Australian Law for committing people smuggling crime. In the process of law, some of them identify as adults because lack of evidence regarding their age. Then, they are imprisoned in an adult Australian prison. However, in the appeal stage, they are found not guilty as children. Furthermore, Indonesian children have replacement in Indonesia and have submitted a lawsuit in Central Jakarta District Court to get the composition of their sentence in prison without committing a crime. The increasing number of asylum seekers/refugees immigrates to Indonesia raises its own problems and also the impact of their use illegal way to Australia. Therefore, the Australian and Indonesian Government should have responsibility toward build bilateral cooperation in order to resolve this problem by providing legal protection for children who are victims of trafficking syndicates and enforce the law for trafficking syndicates. Keywords—Illegal Asylum Seekers, Trafficking in Persons through Sea, Exploitation of Children, Responsibility of States


In Lowell, Massachusetts, a city with a long history of serving as a magnet for immigrants, the Cambodian community is both the most recent and most populous immigrant group that has helped transformed this postindustrial city into one of the most ethnically diverse in New England. This research seeks to explore the ways in which the development and growth of an ethnic community can influence the place-making process and built environment of cities. Specifically, this thesis conducts a case study of the Cambodian community in Lowell, Massachusetts, and examines the ways in which the development of this specific urban ethnic community has helped to shape the post-industrial city in which it is found, and how Lowell has influenced Cambodian-American ethnic identity. INDEX WORDS: Place, Place-making, Urban ethnic communities, Transnationalism, Refugees, Cambodia, Lowell, Massachusetts CAMBODIA IN THE MILL CITY: THE PLACE-MAKING INFLUENCE OF AN URBAN ENCLAVE


The published discussions by four Soviet artists that I have chosen to have translated from the Russian span three generations of artists who link the present to the past: to frescoes and mosaics of the 11th century Cathedral of St. Sophia in Kiev, to the painted walls and pillars of 14th to 17th-century churches in Moscow. In the 18th and 19th centuries such artworks gradually fell into abeyance but were revived by private and ecclesiastic patrons in what is called the Russian Silver Age in the period between about 1890 and 1917. The enthusiasm of these patrons and their artists paralleled that of the English pre-Raphaelite school of painting. After World War I, the tradition was revitalized by the very considerable injection of funds allotted for 'monumentalist' propaganda in 1917 by the Soviet Government headed by Lenin. Monumental pictorial and sculptural art in the U.S.S.R. being dependent on public patronage, periods of its expansion and decline are closely associated with the fluctuations of 'consumer demand' determined by governmental decisions. In the 1920s, when the constructivist style was combined with decorative asceticism, monumental pictorial art was almost entirely limited to ephemeral applications such as street decorations on occasions of the anniversaries of the October Revolution and of other State special days. In the 1930s, with what some have called the 'Stalin Empire' style, monumentalists were, on the contrary, much in demand for other purposes. Typical examples of ample State patronage are the decorations for the Moscow Metro (subway or underground railway) and those for several pavilions at the permanent Agricultural Exhibition opened in 1956, and now known as the Exhibition of the Achievements of the People's Economy. The works of this period tended towards a heavy, often very ornate 'official' style, but there also appeared the first murals by austere artists such as Vladimir Favorsky (Fig. 1). During the years of World War II and of post-war recovery, virtually no monumental art was produced, although some work continued on the decorations of the Moscow Metro. It was not till the mid-1950s, when construction of large housing estates began, that demand


The electrochemical degradability of Al-20% Mg and hypereutectic Al-22% Si industrial alloys was evaluated in an aggressive acidic environment, namely 1 M H2SO4, using potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The microstructure and constituting phases of the surface alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). It was found that the two alloys' corrosion behavior mainly depends on their crystalline phases. The presence of the active intermetallic βAl3Mg2 phase in the Al alloy with high Mg content induced a preferential Mg dissolution, which caused a severe intergranular attack on this alloy by the corrosive solution. Meanwhile, the Al alloy containing high Si content, which presented the eutectic Al-Si phase, showed a uniform and weaker dissolution. It was also observed that a rise in temperature reduced the corrosion performance of the two studied alloys, as these corroded faster than pure aluminum.


This study was designed to assess the influence of positive change in instructional effectiveness on several affective characteristics of teachers. Data were gathered from 117 intermediate and high school teachers, 52 of whom participated in an in-service workshop on Mastery Learning. Comparisons made through MANOVA procedures showed that those teachers who experienced positive change in the learning outcomes of their students expressed increased personal responsibility for both positive and negative student outcomes, increased affect toward teaching, but decreased confidence in their teaching abilities. Implications regarding the alterability of these teacher characteristics are discussed.


Objective To study the value of TSAb detection for hypothyroidism after in 131I therapy on hyperthyreosis.Methods The levels of FT3,FT4,TSH,TSAb,MCA of 129 cases with hyperthroidsm were analyzed and determined before 131I therapy and after 131I therapy at 1 and 3 year respectively.Results The positive rate of TSAb showed a descending tendency from year to year after 131I therapy.The positive rate of hypothyroidism showed an ascending tendency after 131I therapy,which was related with the TGA,MCA,TSAb.Conclusions Detection of TSAb,MCA may has important significance in clinical diagnosis,contrasted diagnosis and right treatment of podients with hyperthroidism and could reduce the occurance of hypothroidism.


Lentiviruses are retroviruses that can infect and stably integrate into the chromatin of non‐dividing cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lentiviral vectors containing the probasin (PB) promoter displayed prostate‐specific, androgen‐regulated, and persistent gene expression.


Non-functional requirements (NFRs), apparently, have different characteristics from their functional counterparts. The ways to develop conceptual models of NFRs, therefore, do not akin to the one for functional requirements (FRs). This paper proposes a method to analyze, specify and modeling non-functional requirements especially the ones that can be manifested as operational/functional features, in the context of translative model-driven development. Our method employs two analysis approaches: NFR framework and uses-cases approach accompanied with our proposed specification technique: scenario-based specification. Results from the scenario-based specification will be used as an insight for developing NFRs conceptual models. In here, we present the way to model a security concern of Voter Tracking System (VTS), a system to mark voters using handheld electronic device.


The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of supplemental vitamin D intake (4000 IU/day or 6000 IU/day of vitamin D3 over a 6 month period) on blood lipids in a sample of African Americans and Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D<30 ng/ml) living in South Florida. Subjects were recruited from two clinics and screened for vitamin D insufficiency. Ninety two participants were screened. Seventy five qualified for the intervention (n=50 for 4000 IU/day treatment and n=25 for 6000 IU/day treatment). Participants in both groups were required to take either 4000 IU or 6000 IU of Cholecalciferol per day given in the form of a pill in a single daily dose. Each participant was seen 4 times; at screening, baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Serum vitamin D and blood lipids were measured by ELISA. Mixed model was used to compare treatment effects. Bonferroni multiple comparison test was used to detect significant changes over time. Significant changes in serum 25(OH)D levels were seen from baseline to 3 month and 6 months, respectively in both treatments (from 22.25 ± 7.19 to 37.34 ± 12.31 and 37.99 ± 13.22, P<0.05 in the 4000 IU group; from 23.74 ± 5.09 to 43.20 ± 15.94 and 40.62 ± 19.39, P<0.05 in the 6000 IU group). A significant decrease in total cholesterol (from 193.88 ± 41.03 to 180.48 ± 27.53 mg/dl, P=0.040) and triglycerides (from 201.44 ± 91.35 to 172.92 ± 76.87 mg/dl, P=0.037) was found for the 6000 IU group at 6 months. The significance was lost after adjusting for confounders. The positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood lipids may be mediated by other cofactors related to vitamin D metabolism.


Entomologists have a right to be proud of their profession and their accomplishments. Their efforts have contributed greatly to the human welfare of the United States and the benefits of their work are being felt throughout much of the world. At a time when the subject of agricultural chemicals is being critically reviewed it seems particularly appropriate for us to take a close look at some of these accomplishments and point out a few of the many cases where control has paid off. If such can be demonstrated, and I believe it can, we, as entomologists, must make a concerted attempt to once again bring about an understanding public to overcome the current skepticism towards insect control. To us this seems imperative, if we are to maintain an uninterrupted abundance of quality food, forage, and fiber. The contributions of the past may prove to be one of our most effective weapons in supporting our belief in the need and urgency of protection against insect pests. Let's look at the record.


This paper proposes a novel variable-flux permanent magnet (PM) motor, named the "flux-modulating consequent pole motor (FCM)," and investigates its performance through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. The proposed FCM is a combination of a flux-modulating (FM) motor and a consequent-pole PM motor. The torque of the FCM can be generated from both the FM and PM motors without causing unbalanced magnetic forces (UMFs). Using 16- and 20-pole analysis models, we examined the torque, efficiency, and power factor of the FCM. We revealed that the magnet torque depends on the value of the winding factor and that the values of both the winding factor and field current determine the efficiency and power factor under variable-speed operation. We also present experimental results on a 20-pole prototype machine of the FCM to verify the operation principle in addition to the validity of the FEA simulations.


Development of safety critical embedded systems is regulated by legislation and related standards. However, at least for beginners in the field, the standards are relatively hard to understand hindering their practical applicability. In this paper, we propose using process patterns to document the requirements for different lifecycle phases set in the safety standards. Ideally, such patterns could make these standards accessible to a wider audience of potential users. Moreover, the companies using the standards could enhance their quality manuals with the help of the patterns. In addition to the requirements set in the standards, the patterns should capture best practices in implementing the requirements. Such best practices could be application domain specific or company specific, according to the purpose of use and availability of information. To demonstrate our approach, we present example patterns identified from the IEC 61508-3 ed2.0 standard.


In Volume 3, Number 3 of this journal Dr. Haug described a model built at the Staatliche Ingengieurschule, Ulm, in Germany, which indicated the phase angle between the current and the p.d. applied to each wattmeter when the power factor of a balanced load changed. A slightly different method of displaying the appropriate vectors, developed over the past twelve months at the University of Aston in Birmingham, is described below.


Test results presented in this paper demonstrate that some brands of residential molded case circuit breakers do not operate properly within the limits specified by the applicable standard. The samples tested are both used, from homes, and new, purchased at retail sources. The minimum trip current is determined for each breaker. The test procedure encompasses the basic overload trip requirements of the applicable standard. Breakers that do not open the circuit at or below 135% of rated current fail to meet the requirements of the standard. Test results vary substantially from brand to brand. The best brands are essentially failure free. The failure rate of the worst-case brands is in the order of 50% for both used breakers from homes and new breakers recently purchased. Some samples, primarily multi-pole breakers, do not open the circuit at any level of applied current. Failure of a circuit breaker in a home to operate properly when required poses an increased risk of fire and injury.


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . This study includes a detailed experimental investigation of the spatial and temporal spectroscopic emission of an argon plasma jet discharge. The study is carried out in ambient air and quenching by inflowing air species is considered. The optical emission spectroscopy of neutral atomic spectral lines and molecular bands, over a range of plasma process parameters, is investigated. Wavelength-resolved argon optical emission profiles are used to monitor the electron energy distribution function and the density of argon metastable atoms. The experimental data indicates that the argon flow rate, in a confined open-air plasma discharge, limits the impact of molecular oxygen in the creation of oxygen radicals. The absolute calibrated emission spectra facilitate the possibility of standardization of the so-called plasma dose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


The article analyzes the issue of teachers' personalities in the context of the Big Five theory and the personality component of the creative attitude of nonconformism. The main research goal was to diagnose the current state of teachers' personalities in the context of variables such as: type of school, years of work, level of career advancement, subject taught, and teacher's sex. Robert R. McCrae and Paul T. Costa's NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Creative Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ III) were used in the research. The results obtained in a 258-person group of teachers aged 26–60 were analyzed. The statistical inference allowed the formulation of the following conclusions. Moderately intense neuroticism was found in primary and technical school teachers whereas the lowest level of neuroticism was determined in high school teachers. Neuroticism is statistically significantly higher in female teachers. Teachers of vocational subjects have significantly less openness to experience than teachers of humanities. A trainee teacher has a significantly lower level of conscientiousness than a qualified or appointed one. The research results can be used to improve the professional development procedures for teachers.


Abstract. Estuaries worldwide act as "filters" of land-derived nitrogen (N) loads,
yet differences in coastal environmental settings can affect the N filter
function. We investigated microbial N retention (nitrification, ammonium
assimilation) and N removal (denitrification, anammox) processes in the
aphotic benthic system (bottom boundary layer (BBL) and sediment) of two
Baltic Sea estuaries differing in riverine N loads, trophic state,
geomorphology, and sediment type. In the BBL, rates of nitrification (5–227 nmol N L−1 d−1) and ammonium assimilation (9–704 nmol N L−1 d−1) were not enhanced in the eutrophied Vistula Estuary compared to
the oligotrophic Öre Estuary. No anammox was detected in the sediment of
either estuary, while denitrification rates were twice as high in the
eutrophied (352±123 µmol N m−2 d−1) as in the
oligotrophic estuary. Particulate organic matter (POM) was mainly of
phytoplankton origin in the benthic systems of both estuaries. It seemed to
control heterotrophic denitrification and ammonium assimilation as well as
autotrophic nitrification by functioning as a substrate source of N and
organic carbon. Our data suggest that in stratified estuaries, POM is an
essential link between riverine N loads and benthic N turnover and may
furthermore function as a temporary N reservoir. During long particle
residence times or alongshore transport pathways, increased time is
available for the recycling of N until its eventual removal, allowing
effective coastal filtering even at low process rates. Understanding the key
controls and microbial N processes in the coastal N filter therefore
requires to also consider the effects of geomorphological and hydrological
features.


A layer model is developed and applied to interpret radar backscattering coefficients at 5.3 GHz for a soybean canopy. The canopy is modeled as a random medium containing spheroidal scatterers for the leaves. The data were taken over an extended time period from early to late stage of the vegetation. The theoretical results and the experimental data are in good agreement. The lateral correlation length is observed to be highly correlated with the canopy fractional volume. With consideration of the interrelations among biophysical parameters, the model is then used to simulate backscattering coefficients under various conditions. The results provide sensitivity domains of radar responses to soil moisture and vegetation biomass for inversion assessment. Furthermore, the polarization signatures of the vegetation canopy are synthesized to illustrate structural information conveyed by polarimetric data.


The research aimed at describing the legal protection concept geographical indication in supporting the economic right of geographical indication holders, the contribution of geographical indication in improving the prosperity of geographical indication holders, and the legal protection of the economic rights of geographical indication about the use of a sign that is similar to a registered geographical indication. This research encompasses the normative legal analysis and empirical research methods. The first problem statement used the normative legal research method, which analyses how the legal protection concept of geographical indication supports the economic rights of geographical indication holders. The empirical research method was used for the second problem statement, which analyses how registered geographical indication contributed to improving the prosperity of geographical indication holders and was also used for the third problem, which analyses the legal protection of the economic rights of geographical indication holders about the use of a sign that is similar a registered geographical indication. The research results indicate the following: (1) the legal protection concept of geographical indication that is integrated into the law of trademark and geographical indication has not supported the economic rights of geographical indication holders, either from the substance aspect or with regards to the stipulated legal sanction; (2) the economic rights of geographical indication holder relation to production monopoly right, sign use, and product marketing has not contributed to the improvement of their prosperity; (3) the legal protection of the economic rights of geographical indication holders about the use of a sign that is similar to a registered geographical indication is still weak, both in the private and public legal enforcement aspects.


Purpose

The paper aims to examine the boundary layers of a three-dimensional stagnation point flow of Al-Cu nanoparticle-suspended water-based nanofluid in an electrically conducting medium. The effect of magnetic field on second-order slip effect and convective heating is also taken into account.

Design/methodology/approach

The thermophysical properties of alloy nanoparticles such as density, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity are computed using appropriate formula. The non-linear parabolic partial differential equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations and solved by shooting technique.

Findings

The influence of compositional variation of alloy nanoparticle, nanoparticle concentration, magnetic effect, slip parameters and Biot number are presented for various flow characteristics. Interesting results on skin friction and Nusselt number are obtained for different composition of aluminium and copper.

Originality/value

A novel result of the analysis reveals that impact of magnetic field near the boundary is suppressed by the slip effect.


Video compression is a crucial element of modern communication. It enables the reduction of raw video to sizes within available bandwidth capacity. The increasing demand for high-resolution video is accompanied by more computationally complex and intensive compression algorithms. This paper aimed to review and highlight relevant research on methods for optimizing the video compression process for computational efficiency and high-definition video. It concluded that artificial intelligence approaches hold the most promise for producing the next great industry compression standard.


In this paper, the impact of the number of channels on the performance of elastic optical networks (EONs) is examined considering a multilevel modulation format and coherent transmission. Network design parameters such as spectral bandwidth and channel symbol error rate (SER), are analysed. We simulated the transmission of quadrature phase shift-keying (QPSK) signals, modulated at 56 and 100 Gbps, to evaluate a proposed flexible spectral allocation method in order to evaluate the effect of number of channels and the required total spectral bandwidth.


There were few quantitative analyses that took into account the related industry,and a lot of qualitative analyses about industry competition in the previous literatures.In view of the facts,the projection pursuit model was applied to study the competitive environment of(China's) construction industry based on Porter's five forces model.According to the influencing factors,the evaluation index system of the competition environment of construction industry was created.The competitive environment of China's construction industry in 1997-2007 was analyzed with the projection pursuit model based on real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm.The results showed that the supply and the requirement of the construction market were the main factors that impact on the competition environment of construction industry which was going worse.The results are in accord ance with the fact and it can provide theory and evidence for the enterprise strategy and the industry policy making.


New tools have enabled "civic hackers" and transportation researchers to map previously uncharted transit networks previously confined to the purview of locals and insiders. These new datasets reveal the extent of these systems and their role in providing access to the city. In this paper, we describe the methodology regarding the mapping process of Bogotá's semi-formal SITP Provisional bus system, accomplished using smartphones, cloud-based data management systems, and GIS software. By visualizing the semi-formal SITP Provisional system alongside the centrally planned bus system, we provide the first complete picture of Bogotá's transit system. We also develop two types of data analysis based on General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data generated from this mapping process. Using spatial algorithms, we identify parallelism between the semi-formal transit routes and the formal transit network. We then visualize the degree of access to job opportunities that each system provides. We find that integrating semi-formal and formal transit services, that is, the entire network, increases accessibility levels for workers, especially at urban peripheries. Results suggest the importance of considering semi-formal transit services in transportation planning, the services often neglected in the planning process, and the advantages of integrating them into the network to increase accessibility to opportunity areas. We recommend that other cities harness GPS-enabled apps to map transit systems, generate GTFS data, and empower local actors to make use of the data. Based on this bottom-up approach, semi-formal transit networks can provide additional inputs for urban transportation planning processes regarding the transportation user´s accessibility needs.


The grape is a non-climacteric fruit which maturation apparently does not require ethylene. Here, it is confirmed that the accumulation of anthocyanins is linked to the accumulation of a glucoslyltransferase (UFGT), whose promoter was cloned. We found 7 cis-elements ethylene-dependent. This study showed the stimulation of ufgt expression by ethylene is not dependent to MybA, transcription regulators of the ufgt. Experiments were designed to investigate all genes affected by ethylene in early ripening grapes. Among them some are in relation to variations in berry diameter. These genes are involved in the movement of water : several aquaporins, and the structure of the cell wall : polygalactoronases, xyloglucan endotransglucosylases, methylesterase pectin, cellulose synthase and expansines. Ethylene stimulates the accumulation of most of their transcripts between 1 hour and 24 hours of incubation.


Recently, the interest in the relationship between muscle size and strength has been revived. The writings of Hettinger indicate that he considers the strength (per unit area of physiological cross section) to be constant at 4 kg/cm2. In other words, "it is the actual size of the muscle which determines its strength.


Heated wells in gloveboxes have been used for many years by the Argonne National Laboratory Chemical Technology Division for nuclear-technology, waste-management, chemical-technology, and analytical-chemistry research. These wells allow experiments to be isolated from the main working volume of the glovebox. In addition, wells, when sealed, allow experiments to be conducted under pressurized or vacuum conditions. Until recently, typical maximum operational temperatures were about 500 C. However, more recent research is requiring operational temperatures approaching 900 C. These new requirements pose interesting design challenges that must be resolved. Some problem areas include temperature effects on material properties, maintaining a seal, cooling selected areas, and minimizing stresses. This paper discusses issues related to these design challenges and the ways in which these issues have been resolved.


As adults, we perform bas ic mathemat ical functions every day, several t imes a day. We calculate how much money is in our checking accounts , what a stu dent scored on a test paper, how much tip to leave for a waiter. Without this fundamental skill, holding our jobs and living on our own would be difficult. All our students, including students with disabil i t ies, must be proficient with bas ic math skills to be independent members o f society. IntelliTools, Inc. has spent several years creating a series o f educat ional math programs access ib le to all chil dren, and particularly to children with disabilities. This work was made possi ble through a grant from the National Sc i ence Foundation (NSF) . In part, the funding al lowed for extensive c lassroom use o f the products whi le under devel opment . T h e programs available include Exploring Patterns, MathPad, Measure It!, Number Concepts 1, and Number Concepts 2. Th i s article shows how four students benefited from using Number Concepts 2, including one who gained by using all o f the programs across sev eral years (see box , "Number Concepts


Objective
To explore the effect of fodolestan combined with dexamethasone for hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) patients and its effect on serum levels of angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).

Methods
117 HAP patients who received treatment in Department of Respiratory Medicine in our hospital from November, 2016 to October, 2018 were selected as observation objects. They were randomly divided into an observation group (n=59) and a control group (n=58). The control group were treated with fodolestan, while the observation group with fodolestan and dexamethasone. The clinical efficacy, serum inflammatory factor levels, levels of FeNO and AngⅡ, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.

Results
The effective rate was 94.91% in the observation group, and was 81.03% in the control group (P 0.05).

Conclusion
Fudolestan combined with glucocorticoid is effective in the treatment of HAP, and can inhibit the expressions of AngⅡ and FeNO and reduce inflammatory reaction, so it is worth being generalized.

Key words:
Fodolestan; Dexamethasone; Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)


ose who share the current enthusiasm for a neuroproT" tective effect of estrogen' may be surprised by the report by Yaffe et al.' in this issue of theloumal that women with high endogenous estrone levels performed significantly more poorly on two of three cognitive function tests than women who had lower levels of estrone and that estradiol levels were unrelated to change in test performance. Thus, this first large study of endogenous estrogen and change in cognitive function fails to support the hypothesis that estrogen preserves brain function. How good is the evidence that exogenous estrogen is neuroprotective? The literature on this subject reviewed recently by Yaffe and colleagues3 includes a meta-analysis of 10 observational studies of estrogen and dementia. The metaanalysis results showing an overall small but significant protective effect of estrogen use may obscure design problems and the heterogeniety of the results.


Mutations in ion channel genes can alter neuronal excitability and have been linked to seizure disorders in humans. We previously established that a knockout rat model of Kcnj16, which encodes potassium channel subunit Kir5.1, on a Dahl SS background (SSKcnj16−/−) exhibits renal and respiratory impairments, in addition to audiogenic reflex epilepsy. While seizures can be considered benign acute events, patients with uncontrolled epilepsy are at high risk for Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP), predicted to be due to cardiorespiratory failure following repeated seizures. The SSKcnj16−/− rat allows intractable epilepsy to be modeled with modifiable SUDEP risk by regulating seizure number and providing a controlled experimental environment with consistent occurrence of seizure‐induced death. During daily seizure exposure for up to 10 days, we observed progressive exacerbation of post‐ictal respiratory rate and heart rate suppression with spontaneous mortality in 33% of SSKcnj16−/− rats within hours of a seizure. We tested the hypothesis that repeated seizures induces neuroinflammation and dysregulation of adenosine (ADO) and serotonin (5HT) within brainstem cardiorespiratory nuclei, which may contribute to progressive cardiorespiratory suppression and subsequent mortalities in SSkcnj16−/− rats. Quantification of brainstem neurochemicals by HPLC revealed increased ADO and decreased 5HT in seizure‐exposed compared to naïve SSkcnj16−/− rats. These findings appeared to be brainstem‐specific as ADO levels in the cortex of seizure exposed rats were decreased. Western blot analyses of whole brainstem lysates showed trends toward decreased expression of ADO kinase (ADK) and A1 receptor (A1R) in seizure‐exposed rats. We used immunofluorescent staining and confocal imaging to label and quantify total 5HT, serotonergic neurons (tryptophan hydroxylase, TPH), microglia (Iba1), astrocytes (GFAP), total neurons (NeuN), and total nuclei (DAPI) in respiratory brainstem nuclei of SSkcnj16−/− rats exposed to 0, 3, or 10 seizures (n=2/group). Consistent with our HPLC data, 5HT staining was decreased in the pre‐Bötzinger Complex (preBötC), Nucleus Ambiguus (NA) and medullary Raphe (MR) of seizure‐exposed rats, which also showed fewer TPH‐positive neurons in MR. Staining also revealed that seizures may induce brainstem inflammation that resulted in transient increases reactive microglia and progressive astrogliosis in these rats. SSkcnj16−/− rats showed increased Iba1 after 3 seizures but no change after 10 seizures in the preBötC, NA, MR and nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). GFAP progressively increased after 3 and 10 seizures in preBötC, NTS, and MR. Further studies will focus on validating these finding by increasing the number of animals in experimental groups and evaluating additional inflammatory markers. This preliminary data suggests that dysregulation of ADO and 5HT and/or inflammation in respiratory brainstem nuclei may mediate respiratory suppression and subsequent mortality associated with repeated seizure exposure in SSKcnj16−/− rats, which may have central relevance to the pathophysiology of SUDEP which remains poorly understood.


The transient process of two parallel wire antennas excited by electromagnetic pulse is modeled directly in the time domain.Time domain integral equations for two coupled wire antennas in free space,above perfect conducting ground or lossy medium are presented,which are expressed only by vector potential.The equations are solved efficiently by MOM combined with MOT.The simulation results are good agreement with data from references,and the affects of the space between two wires or the distance from the wires to the ground on the current of wires could be analyzed.The measured data carried out in the compact anechoic chamber by three-meter method show the validation of the algorithm.


The invention belongs to the pharmaceutical chemistry field, specifically relates to a dicyclanil drug crystal form I and a preparation method thereof, and in particular relates to a methanol solvate of a dicyclanil drug. The space group of the crystals of the obtained dicyclanil drug crystal form I is a triclinic system, four dicyclanil molecules are combined with two methanol molecules by virtue of hydrogen bonds so as to form a fundamental structural unit of the dicyclanil drug crystal form I. A solvent selected in the preparation process of the drug crystal form I is a mixed solvent of methanol and water, and a room-temperature solvent volatilizing method is adopted; as the boiling point of the chosen solvent is relatively low, crystals are separated out even in the solvent volatilization process. The obtained dicyclanil drug crystal form I is obviously improved in solubility, stability and bioavailability in addition to inheriting the characteristics of the previous dicyclanil drug such as high killing effect on dipsters and fleas and high performance of preventing the larvae of various flies, mosquitoes and fleas into pupae or imagoes.


With the increasing demand for polymers, white pollution has become a serious concern all around the world. The admirable degradation methods of them are desirable for overcoming this problem. In the past several decades, numerous researches on polymer degradation have been reported. This review commits to different degradation strategies of polymers and four main degradation protocols firstly, including photodegradation, oxidative degradation, catalytic degradation, and biodegradation, are demonstrated in detail. Secondly, some specific samples are discussed for each kind of degradation. Finally, the outlook and future of polymer degradation are proposed. In particular, the comprehensive comparison of different degradation methods is covered to provide the best choice for dealing with different polymers wastes. These will be beneficial to the development of processing plastic and conversion of polymer wastes.


In the week when this article was written, Microsoft announced that beginning in the year 2000, it would award an annual prize of $100'000 to the best electronic book.' Newsweek published the results of a poll which showed that children in the United States between 10 and 15 years of age generally believed that "films and TV" were "the best teacher" they had (49%); humans such as "friends" (48%) and official "school teachers" (41%) came next. 2 An article in some unappetizing glossy journal warned, under the title "Bypass against the Information Infarct," against the estimated 1 billion internet users who would, by the year 2003, entirely clog up all electronic systems of communication.3 The Christian Democratic candidate for the position of prime minister in the North German land of Schleswig-Holstein stated that in the case of a victory, he would reform the local university system, adding: "what we will need in the future is Humboldt plus Bill Gates."' And simultaneously, a few hundred kilometers further south, at the Frankfurt Book Fair, an expert declared that the trend to merely virtual modes of communication seemed to have slowed down somewhat:


Pulse radar signal is utilized in anechoic chamber for target measurement based on the interrupted transmitting and receiving (ITR). However, the target echo is partly received after ITR of the phase-coded pulse. Then, the precise target high resolution range profile (HRRP) is difficult to be obtained. As the distance range between the target and antenna can be known previously, the waveform delay dictionary is proposed in this paper to construct the transform matrix of compressive sensing (CS). The target HRRP can be reconstructed by solving the optimization problem. Simulations are conducted and the results indicate that the proposed waveform delay dictionary shows good HRRP reconstruction performance in anechoic chamber for the target measurement.


Most of the points in Mr. R. T. Delves' letter (April Bulletin) concerning the number of journals are undoubtably correct. However, there is still one large, and as yet untapped, field for which no physics journal is available: serious sixth-formers and undergraduates. Either they read the articles in publications such as New Scientist, which are lacking in depth and mixed in with many other general articles, or they attempt to read the more difficult articles in journals which are clearly intended for the more mature physicist.