The evaluation of litter nutrient quantity is important to verify nutrient cicling and soil fertility preservation. The content and quantities of nutrients in litter was evaluated in native pasture under grazing, submitted to burning and alternative practices, along one year, in Campos de Cima da Serra region, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The litter accumulation was evaluated in grazing exclusion cage, every 90 days. The litter represented the dead material detached from plant and present on the soil surface after the forage cutting. To this portion, the dead material still attached to the plant was added. The treatments were natural pasture under grazing: without burning and without mowing for 32 years, improved for seven years and biennial burning for more than 100 years. The experimental design was a completely randomized, with three replications. The biennial burning decreased the concentration of Ca and Mg in litter plus senescent material as compared to the systems without burning. The improved treatments increased the nutrient contents in the dead tissues. The tissue nutrient quantity accumulated, as a result of litter plus senescent material production, was high in the systems without burning.


Three hundred and two patients with benign disease of the uterine cervix were treated by cryosurgery. Liquid nitrogen, liquid Freon or carbon dioxide gas delivered through special cervical probes were used as refrigerants. Treatment was performed in the out‐patient clinic without anaesthesia or analgesia. Little discomfort was noted by the patients and there were no serious complications. A single treatment was effective in eradicating the disease in 85 per cent of the patients. The results show that cryosurgery is more effective than hot cauterization with fewer complications. With the advent of this technique conization of the cervix should seldom be necessary for benign disease of the cervix.


We conduct a local stability and Hopf bifurcation analysis for Compound transmission control protocol (TCP), with small Drop-Tail buffers, in three topologies. The first topology consists of two sets of TCP flows having different round-trip times and feeding into a core router. The second topology consists of two distinct sets of TCP flows, regulated by a single-edge router and feeding into a core router. The third topology comprises two distinct sets of TCP flows, regulated by two separate edge routers and feeding into a core router. In each case, we conduct a local stability analysis and obtain conditions on the network and protocol parameters to ensure stability. If these conditions get marginally violated, we show that the underlying systems lose local stability via a Hopf bifurcation. After exhibiting a Hopf, a key concern is to determine the asymptotic orbital stability of the bifurcating limit cycles. We then present a detailed analytical framework to address the stability of the limit cycles and the type of the Hopf bifurcation by invoking Poincaré normal forms and the center manifold theory. We finally conduct packet-level simulations to corroborate our analytical insights.


INTRODUCTION Animal diseases impact food supplies, trade and commerce, and human health and well-being in every part of the world. Outbreaks can draw the attention of those in agriculture, regulatory agencies, and government, as well as the general public. This paper presents information on the threat of animal diseases; their impact on animals and humans at the international, national, industry, and societal levels; and the responses to them. In addition, specific information is provided on national and international monitoring and surveillance programs.


s 73 12 months). RESULTS: Patients mean SD age was 55 15 years and 77% were female. Mean SD MAF score was 23.3 12.3 with a normal range of 1(no fatigue)–50(fatigue). Mean FACIT-F score was 33.2 9.3 with a normal range of 52 (no fatigue)–0 (fatigue). The aggregate scores for each instrument were highly correlated with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.81 (p 0.001). CONCLUSION: Based on this analysis, it appears that the FACIT-F has validity for use in the early RA population. However, as follow-up assessments are completed, a more detailed analysis may reveal additional psychometric properties of the instrument in the early RA population and with disease progression.


Considers the aspects of architecture as a language able to express the current state and to prophetically indicate the upcoming changes. The aesthetic value of a construction cannot be perceived just as a separate entity, but it can be cognized in the context and not only a visual one, in space. It is necessary to see the entire complex of the accompanying phenomena, all the flow of the unfolding metaphors and values. In the model in view the figure of the author-creator must be reconsidered as no longer conforming to today's reality. The development of the Stalinist Empire style, as well as its transformations, is considered as one of the specific phenomena in the history of well-known constructions


Highest intensity, single mode He-Ne laser can be obtained by combination of 3-modes operation of a 3∼4 modes oscillating laser tube and a polarizer for selection of a single mode. In this experiment, as a 3∼4 modes oscillating laser tube, a tube whose cavity length is 35cm and output intensity is 5mW was employed. By selectively using the center mode of 3-modes oscillation as a single mode, highest intensity, single mode He-Ne laser has been realized. For a particular mode stabilization, the polarization stabilization method whose control signal is intensity is usually used. However, mode stabilization at the gain curve center is difficult in this method. Moreover, detection of the intensity is uncertain due to temperature drifts in the detector sensitivity and amplifiers, and contamination in the cavity mirror and detector surface, resulting in decreasing the frequency stability. In this experiment, intermode beat frequency change by Frequency Pulling which is strongly related to the mode position was utilized for the stabilization. The difference frequency of two intermode beats generated by the center mode and two other modes which oscillate at each side of the center mode is used as a control signal. It is convenient for the stabilization that the position of this frequency variation corresponding to the most intense center mode oscillation is at middle of its slope. Because the control signal based upon the frequency can be processed digitally, this stabilization method is free from uncertainties which is inevitable in the polarization stabilization method.


Mangrove plantation is a biodiversity-environmental programs of JOB Tomori that had started since 2012. A total of 117.000 mangrove seedlings were successfully planted. Some innovations programs, more effective and beneficial, had been also carried out. One of it was 5 months experiment by growing mangrove in Hydroponic installation and polybag. Two parameters measured during the study 1) Seedling length and 2) number of seedling leaves. Results showed that additional length of seedling has vary in range with the highest length found on seedling that placed on the natural habitat area which reached 4.4 cm per week, while the highest number of leaves also found in the natural habitat area which reached until 10 leaves per month. Preliminary conclusion has been taken that mangrove that planting in hydroponic installation system using MOL (Local Microorganism – Natural Fertilizer) as nutrient can increase and speed up of seedling growth rate by 30 - 35% with a 100 % of survival rate.


PURPOSE: An NOR-type flat-cell mask ROM(read only memory) is provided to improve a uniformity of cells by decreasing a loading effect using a dummy line. CONSTITUTION: The memory device comprises a plurality of buried N+ diffusion layers(102) used as a sub bit line and of memory cell array and a source and drain of cell transistor formed on a semiconductor substrate(100); a plurality of word lines(104) cross of the buried N+ diffusion layer and formed on a gate dielectric(103) of the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of selective lines(B/L1, B/L2...) formed in parallel with the word lines(104) so as to selectively transport external signals to the sub bit line through a main bit line; and dummy line(105) formed in parallel with the word lines(104) at spaced region between the word lines adjacent to the selective lines.


Social activities within the house are the language in which man interacts with the place where he lives where the design of residential buildings cannot be treated as just content of human activities in terms of functionality but also part integrated with human behavior patterns, in order to refer to the traditional environment of each place and extract the origin of the social relationship that binds the individual to his house in terms of how he practices his daily socio-cultural activities in a constructed environment and take it as a reference Helps to develop a space organization according to the pattern that suits each environment socially and culturally prevailing as in the traditional environment of Sidi Okba, which is a source of this relationship that can be generalized in modern designs. In this study we tried to rely on the results obtained using the means of observational and interview field investigation and questionnaire, and our focus was on identifying the most important daily social activities in traditional housing in the city of Sidi Okba after which we dropped these activities on the architectural plans, and then concluded four basic field sections of daily social activities, later we inferred the percentages of activities that control the spatial organization of these traditional houses.


Agent theory is developed from distributed artificial intelligence, which is re-garded as a prospective methodology suitable for solving distributed complex problems, and it has been applied in many areas including manufacturing en-gineering. In this chapter, some basic issues for agent theory are described and an example of one agent-based distributed manufacturing system is presented.


This paper breaks new ground on our understanding of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer (LGBTQ) health generally and mental health particularly. It interrogates several common perceptions of sexual minority wellbeing and finds them empirically wanting. Its questioning of the minority stress model (on which the US Institute of Medicine's 2011 report on LGBTQ health partially relies) is productive and important. Its emphasis on LGBTQ agency is very welcome. The author provides a careful review of the literature, clearly explains the theoretical framework, and offers a cogent explanation of the method. The prose style is clear and engaging. Although it samples participants in one cultural setting, its findings may be transferable to other Western social contexts. Although both popular perceptions and the minority stress model have viewed sexual minority populations as being at risk for mental and physical health problems, this study turns toward a more recent trend in emphasising resilience rather than vulnerability. Identifying socialisation around common interests, this qualitative study underscores the dimensions of quality of life, social connectedness, social support, and community involvement. The author understands the limits of the qualitative methods in this exploratory study and has encouraged the participants to direct the conversation. Participants identified these themes: mastering wellness, experiencing mental health, developing awareness, broadening the concept of wellbeing, building self-esteem, and creating balance. The notion of interest-sharing counters stereotypes of sexual minority isolation and victimhood, while emphasising solidarity and agency. The author acknowledges the limitations of the study – a homogenous social setting and well-educated participants with disposable income; but this preliminary study offers directions for larger mixed-methods research on the relationship between communities of shared interests and sexual minority populations' health.


Estimating continuous-time short-rate models is challenging since the likelihood function for most popular models is unknown. While approximate likelihood functions are often used, this practice induces bias into the estimation process. This paper explores a Bayesian method of estimating short-rate models. While the approach also employs an approximate likelihood data augmentation is utilised to mitigate discretisation bias. The results suggest that Bayesian estimates of posterior densities for model parameters closely resemble true posterior densities. While nonessential for point estimation, a small degree of data augmentation is useful in recovering accurate posterior densities and reducing the bias in estimates of bond price. These findings are encouraging for the many cases where exact likelihood-based estimation is impossible and approximations must be relied upon.


This article gives a brief review on its background, main contents, gained achievements and its problems and difficulties which has a reference function for teachers and students in colleges and universities.


Code editing encompasses a variety of pragmatic tasks that developers deal with daily. Despite its relevance and practical usefulness, automatic code editing remains an underexplored area in the evolution of deep learning models, partly due to data scarcity. In this work, we explore the use of large language models (LLMs) to edit code based on user instructions, covering a broad range of implicit tasks such as comment insertion, code optimization, and code refactoring. To facilitate this, we introduce InstructCoder, the first dataset designed to adapt LLMs for general-purpose code editing, containing highdiversity code-editing tasks. It consists of over 114,000 instruction-input-output triplets and covers multiple distinct code editing scenarios. The dataset is systematically expanded through an iterative process that commences with code editing data sourced from GitHub commits as seed tasks. Seed and generated tasks are used subsequently to prompt ChatGPT for more task data. Our experiments demonstrate that open-source LLMs fine-tuned on InstructCoder can edit code correctly based on users' instructions most of the time, exhibiting unprecedented code-editing performance levels. Such results suggest that proficient instruction-finetuning can lead to significant amelioration in code editing abilities. The dataset and the source code are available at https://github.com/qishenghu/CodeInstruct.


Wireless local area network(WLAN) as a traditional wired LAN extension and supplement,with mobility,expansibility and economical characteristics,can quickly,conveniently solve the cable is not easy to realize the network channel connectivity issues,has been more and more single internal use.However,for the WLAN safety and operation management problem appears highlight particularly,this article from the WLAN planning and design proceed with,put forward to solve the problem of WLAN operation and maintenance man agement method and strategy.


Preservation of the environment is a very present theme in our current lifes. The pharmaceutical and chemical companies are normally seen as threatening to several ecosystems and the beings that reside in them, by fabricating their products unsustainably and polluting the surrounding environment. Yet, there is more than it looks to this, since when the concepts of green chemistry are applied, they become part of the solution, instead of part of the problem. The Sun is the main source of energy for planet Earth, by being capable of supplying, in just one day, the global energetic necessities of 27 years. Since the contemporary energetic need is extremely high, it is favorable to choose this clean and infinite source over non-renewable sources. One way of exploring this energetic spring is through the use of light to activate chemical processes. Heterogeneous photocatalysis consists on the promotion of chemical processes, using materials known as photocatalysts, which are materials with semiconductor properties, and utilizing light as process propulsor. Benzhydrol is a chemical compound and a pharmaceutical intermediary of antihistamines or antiallergenic and antihypertensive agents, being also a compound of interest for the perfumery industry. Benzhydrol can be synthesized via benzophenone photoreduction. Having these facts in mind, the main aim of this work is to develop efficient photoassisted processes, (including catalysts, operation parameters and photoreaction systems), for the photocatalytic production of benzhydrol from benzophenone, which is energetically efficient, operates at ambient temperature and pressure, avoids the use of hazardous solvents and hydrogen gas, while utilizing nanostructured photocatalysts, the latter being an innovation factor for this project. The photochemical reaction is widely known and was taken into account. The photocatalytic production of benzhydrol will be studied using titanium dioxide (a semiconductor) from Evonik ® Degussa (TiO2 P25) under UV-LED irradiation, due to its high photostability, chemical inertness and relative low cost. However, this photocatalyst is mostly active under UV conditions and its photonic efficiency is greatly affected by the high yield of electron/hole recombination. One strategy used for increasing TiO2 efficiency is by noble metal loading. The effect of several operation parameters on the efficiency of benzhydrol production were evaluated, namely the presence of a TiO2 catalyst, catalyst load, potassium hydroxide (KOH) concentration, solvent type and irradiance. The results were evaluated in terms of benzophenone conversion, yield and selectivity toward benzhydrol production. Catalysts such as noble metal (Au, Pt and Pd)-loaded TiO2 P25, a TiO2 material from Sigma-Aldrich and graphitic carbon nitride were also tested for the photocatalytic production of benzhydrol. In addition, the possibility of producing benzhydrol under solar simulated light was assessed. The optimal catalyst load for TiO2 P25 from Evonik ® Degussa was found to be 0.1 g L -1 . The presence of KOH, appears to be crucial for enhanced yield and selectivity toward benzhydrol. A significant contribution of the pure photochemical reaction was also confirmed. Isopropanol (iPrOH) appears to be the best alcoholic solvent, also acting as hole scavenger for the selective photocatalytic production of benzhydrol. Worth noting that the efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction is directly proportional to the irradiance of the light source. Synthesis of chemicals with pharmaceutical interest using green technologies In the presence of KOH, the best results were achieved using TiO2 P25 from Evonik ® Degussa, with a catalyst load of 0.1 g L -1 , a KOH concentration of 5 mM, and in iPrOH as solvent (also acting as hole scavenger), reaching a selectivity of 100% and a yield of 54%, which is over 25%, in both these parameters, than the corresponding photochemical reaction. In the absence of KOH, the best performing catalyst was Pd-loaded TiO2 P25, with a catalyst load of 1 g L -1 and using iPrOH as solvent, achieving a selectivity of 25% and 22% yield, which is 10% beyond the photochemical reaction. The reaction under simulated solar light is rather effective, with the presence of KOH being crucial for the selective production of benzhydrol.


Despite the failure of attempts to form a separate state, the idea of North
Queensland as a distinctive region has existed powerfully almost from first
settlement. While advocates of Separation have not succeeded in negotiating
either boundaries or a capital, the political failure has undoubtedly
added force to the idea. The purpose of this brief survey is to investigate
complexities inherent in the idea of North Queensland by surveying the
prose and poetry produced by that as yet not fully defined geographical
unit.


Abstract. A low-cost approach for three-dimensional (3-D) full-field displacement measurement is applied for the analysis of large displacements involved in two different mechanical events. The method is based on a combination of fringe projection and two-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC) techniques. The two techniques have been employed simultaneously using an RGB camera and a color encoding method; therefore, it is possible to measure in-plane and out-of-plane displacements at the same time with only one camera even at high speed rates. The potential of the proposed methodology has been employed for the analysis of large displacements during contact experiments in a soft material block. Displacement results have been successfully compared with those obtained using a 3D-DIC commercial system. Moreover, the analysis of displacements during an impact test on a metal plate was performed to emphasize the application of the methodology for dynamics events. Results show a good level of agreement, highlighting the potential of FP + 2D DIC as low-cost alternative for the analysis of large deformations problems.


Phenomenology has proven to be a useful tool in film philosophy, theorizing spectator engagement and the concept of world building in and out of the diegesis. However, phenomenology as it relates to genre studies, particularly the comedy genre, is not as well explored. Comedy as a genre is quite undertheorized, in part due to its definitional difficulties, but presents an interesting case for a phenomenological study. In order to overcome the problematic classification of the comedy film, this paper will not aim to define comedy as a whole but rather suggest a different way to approach one aspect of the comedic mode, one that is primarily phenomenological, through the introduction of the concept of the "comic object" within French classical cinema. How might phenomenology and theories of the object help to conceptualize the representation of objects in French cinema, and why are such depictions humorous? Phenomenology is particularly apt to studies of the object, as its investigation of our being-in-the-world and our relationship to things has long been an interest. Moreover, film phenomenology is useful for thinking about engagement with and elements of genre cinema, such as the comedic mode. This paper will lay the theoretical groundwork to examine how humor is derived from the phenomenological understanding of the object in French classical cinema and explore why such objects have a distinct ontological status.  To define the comic object, it will engage primarily with the philosophies of French phenomenologist Gabriel Marcel and theorist Gilles Deleuze, who though not a phenomenologist by his own consideration uses distinct phenomenological methods in his work on cinema. The goal of this paper is to begin to theorize the comic object, while setting the stage for further exploration of phenomenology and film comedy.


The SAGA Light Source (SAGA-LS) is a 1.4 GeV synchrotron radiation facility that has been in operation sinc e 2006. The annual failure rate during user time in the last two years has been of the order of 10 3 . Three insertion devices are currently installed in the storage ring: an APPLEII type undulator, a planar undulator (Saga Univ.), and a hybrid three-pole 4-T superconducting wiggler (SCW). The SCW consists of a superconducting main pole and two normal-conducting side poles. The main pole of the SCW is cooled by a Gifford‐McMahon cryocooler. The beam lifetime has been investigated and information was obtained regarding the contributions of various processes to the total lifetime. Laser Compton gamma-rays were generated by a CO2 laser. They were used for measuring the machine parameters of the storage ring such as the beam energy and the momentum compaction factor. To permit full control of the undulator parameters during user time, a feed-forward correction system was developed that minimizes the effects of the undulators on the emittance coupling. In addition, an experimental study of the interactio n between the electron beam and the crystal, improvement of the control system, and development of a multipole magnet are currently in progress.


In this article, we develop an adjoint dynamic neural network (ADNN) technique aimed at enhancing computer-aided design (CAD) of high-speed VLSI modules. A novel formulation for exact sensitivities is achieved by defining an adjoint of a dynamic neural network (DNN). We further present an in-depth description of how our ADNN is computationally linked with the original DNN in the transient-simulation environment in order to improve the efficiency of solving the ADNN. Using ADNN-enabled sensitivities, we develop a new training algorithm that facilitates DNN learning of nonlinear transients directly from continuous time-domain waveform data. The proposed algorithm is also expanded to enable physics-based nonlinear circuit CAD through faster sensitivity computations. Applications of our ADNN approach in transient modeling and circuit design are demonstrated by the examples of modeling physics-based high-speed interconnect drivers and gradient-based signal integrity optimization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2006.


A prevalent issue in the residue number system (RNS) variant of the Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (CKKS) homomorphic encryption (HE) scheme is the challenge of efficiently achieving high precision on hardware architectures with a fixed, yet smaller, word-size of bit-length 𝑊 , especially when the scaling factor satisfies log Δ > 𝑊 . In this work, we introduce an efficient solution termed composite scaling. In this approach, we group multiple RNS primes as 𝑞 ℓ : = (cid:206) 𝑡 − 1 𝑗 = 0 𝑞 ℓ,𝑗 such that log 𝑞 ℓ,𝑗 < 𝑊 for 0 ≤ 𝑗 < 𝑡 , and use each composite 𝑞 ℓ in the rescaling procedure as ct ↦→ ⌊ ct / 𝑞 ℓ ⌉ . Here, the number of primes, denoted by 𝑡 , is termed the composition degree. This strategy contrasts the traditional rescaling method in RNS-CKKS, where each 𝑞 ℓ is chosen as a single log Δ -bit prime, a method we designate as single scaling. To achieve higher precision in single scaling, where log Δ > 𝑊 , one would either need a novel hardware architecture with word size 𝑊 ′ > log Δ or would have to resort to relatively inefficient solutions rooted in multi-precision arithmetic. This problem, however, doesn't arise in composite scaling. In the composite scaling approach, the larger the composition degree 𝑡 , the greater the precision attainable with RNS-CKKS across an extensive range of secure parameters tailored for workload deployment. We have integrated composite scaling RNS-CKKS into both OpenFHE and Lattigo libraries. This integration was achieved via a concrete implementation of the method and its application to the


This study aspires to theoretically and empirically investigate the dearth of English scientific writing in the engineering PhD programs at the Euromed University of Fes. It must be noted that the entire absence of English in the curriculum of PhD programs unequivocally creates myriad challenges, mainly in the writing process. Doctoral students find themselves impotent to publish in indexed journals, be it a single-blind peer review or a double-blind peer review, due to the high demands of scientific writing proficiency and accuracy alongside the scrupulous treatment of data. In like manner, novice researchers lack expertise and oftentimes agonize about the writing task as their meta-cognitive skills need to be rejuvenated, revitalized, and rigorously fortified. To that end, the use of numerical data by means of questionnaire is highly estimated by researchers to vigorously help in unveiling the aforementioned challenges, while simultaneously systematically paving the way for context-specific recommendations to be made in order to alleviate some of the pressure that doctoral students undergo with respect to English scientific writing for the purpose of producing quality publishable materials.


Ocean wave energy is a promising renewable energy source that can be converted into useful electrical energy using wave energy converters (WECs). In order for WECs to become a commercially viable alternative to established methods of energy generation, operating the WEC in an optimal fashion is a key task. Thus, model predictive control (MPC) is an encouraging control method that exploits the entire power potential of a WEC on the one hand, while respecting the constraints on motions and forces on the other hand. This work focuses on one subclass of WECs, namely, buoy type point absorbers with a linear generator as the power take-off (PTO) system and presents different MPCs whose goals are to optimize the generator force. For a linear one-body model of the point absorber it is shown that optimizing the power generation is possible without using an optimal velocity reference trajectory. Therefore, the control of a linear two-body model with a similar approach can be demonstrated, even though no adequate reference trajectory can be calculated in this case. Moreover, possibilities to deal with the occurance of infeasibility problems are introduced and implemented. Due to possible nonlinear effects, such as the mooring forces, a nonlinear model predictive controller is proposed, whose performance is compared to a linear MPC, also controlling the nonlinear system. The proposed controllers are validated and compared through simulation for regular and irregular sea states.


Objective To evaluate the application of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) for complicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods From June,2006 to February,2009,40 patients with complicated cholecystitis underwent LSC in our hospital were admitted.9 were operated by leaving the posterior wall intact with the liver (LSC Ⅰ),18 were operated by leaving the cystic duct(LSC Ⅱ),13 with a combination of LSC Ⅰ and LSC Ⅲ(LSC Ⅲ).According to rules of same sex.similar inflammation and complicated degree,40 cases were selaparoscopy successfully,none was converted to laparotomy and damaged the bile duct.Intraoperative bleeding in LSC group(73±26)ml increased significantly than those in LC group(41±12)ml(t=4.183,P 0.05).In LSC group,operators were mostly the laparoscopie surgeon with five to ten years experience(32/8),whereas in LC group,mostly were with above ten years experience(7/33)(χ~2=34.690,P 0.05).All patients were cured,and no complications occurred.Conclusions LSC is a safe and effective procedure in LC with complicated cholecystitis,without incurring of laparotomy.

Key words:
Cholecystolithiasis; Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy; Laparoscopic cholecystectomy


In this study, a specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) against oxytetracycline (OTC) and its metabolite 4-epi-Oxytetracycline (4-epi-OTC) was produced. Based on this Mab, a sensitive and reliable method indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) was developed for the detection of OTC and 4-epi-OTC from chicken meats. The ic-ELISA showed a 50% inhibition (IC50) value of 2.01 ± 0.16 ng/ml and a detection limit of 0.13 ± 0.03 ng/ml. The recoveries from chicken muscles and livers spiked with OTC of 50–600 ng/g were 83.33–88.25% and 84.62–86.12%, respectively. The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were 4.73–9.31%, and the inter-assay CVs were 6.44–11.01%. The method showed a positive correlation with the traditional method HPLC (R2 = 0.997) within a certain concentration of OTC used in this assay. The method developed in this study was simple and independent of specific expensive equipment. Thus, it could be useful as a convenient method to detect OTC residues.


One design strategy of heterogeneous reflectarray antenna (RA) is presented. A 140 GHz high-efficiency low-profile RA based on heterogeneous reflective elements is designed, fabricated and measured. Compared with homogeneous RA, the proposed heterogeneous RA shows better directionality, higher aperture efficiency, wider gain-bandwidth and lower cross-polarization. The measured results of the proposed RA indicate the realized gain of 31.39 dBi at 140 GHz and aperture efficiency of 46.22%. With above features, the proposed RA is expected to use for short distance communication applications in THz band.


Fossil fuels are non-renewable, and their quantities have been reducing because of pumping. On the other hand, the traffic is still developing and needs for fuels are growing. As a consequence people are forced to look for other sources of getting fuel. Additional reason for this has been steadily boosting the prices of crude oil and gas. Diesel, as fuel that is often used, is possible to produce from different feedstock (oil rape, soybean, sunflower, palm, waste animal fats, algae, etc). In this paper, we analyze the possibility of obtaining biodiesel from algae and the feasibility of such a method of producing biodiesel. Algae for biodiesel production are analyzed and the systems in which they are growing are described. Experience in this area is described as well as opportunities for further development of technology for getting biodiesel from algae. Algae are very resistant and can grow virtually anywhere in the desert, in salt and fresh water and even in the waste water. Algae can reproduce quickly ; they use CO2 for photosynthesis and less water than other crops. Bio fuel from algae is biodegradable and contains no sulphur and it is not toxic.


Classical thermodynamics is built with the concept of equilibrium states. However, it is less clear how equilibrium thermodynamics emerges through dynamics that follows the principle of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we develop a theory to study nonequilibrium thermodynamics of quantum systems which is applicable to arbitrary small systems, even for a single particle system, in contact with a reservoir. We generalize the concept of temperature beyond equilibrium that depends on the details of quantum states of the system and their dynamics. This nonequilibrium theory for quantum thermodynamics unravels (1) the emergence of classical thermodynamics from quantum dynamics of a single particle system in the weak system-reservoir coupling regime, without introducing any hypothesis on equilibrium state; (2) the breakdown of classical thermodynamics in the strong coupling regime, induced by non-Markovian memory dynamics; and (3) the occurrence of negative temperature associated with a dynamical quantum phase transition. The corresponding dynamical criticality provides the border separating the classical and quantum thermodynamics, and it may also reveal the origin of universe inflation. The third law of thermodynamics, allocated in the deep quantum realm, is also proved in this theory.


A case of progressive systemic sclerosis presenting with extensive osteolysis of both coronoid processes of the mandible together with the right angle is presented. MRI demonstrated that the adjacent muscles were unchanged in size.


Aim – to analyse specialized literature and study the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the cardiac conduction system in patients with a permanent pacemaker. Conclusions. The complex, multifactorial pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus complicates the study of the relationship between the presence of this metabolic disease and arrhythmia. It is now evident that hyper- and hypoglycemia, variations in blood glucose levels can provoke the development of arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Changes in the heart architecture are responsible for electrical conduction slowing or acceleration and pulse transmission interruption. It is proved that the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the likelihood of heart failure progression. Further studies would be able to give an answer regarding the prognostic value of type 2 diabetes influence on the results of cardiac pacing after a device implantation, as well as to determine the most effective hypoglycemic drugs with antiarrhythmic properties which can prevent the development of AF recurrence, help slow down the progression of heart failure and possibly reduce a mortality rate among this group of patients.


Background In South Africa, the escalating prevalence of chronic illness and its high comorbidity with mental disorders bring to the fore the need for integrating mental health into chronic care at district level. Aims To develop a district mental healthcare plan (MHCP) in South Africa that integrates mental healthcare for depression, alcohol use disorders and schizophrenia into chronic care. Method Mixed methods using a situation analysis, qualitative key informant interviews, theory of change workshops and piloting of the plan in one health facility informed the development of the MHCP. Results Collaborative care packages for the three conditions were developed to enable integration at the organisational, facility and community levels, supported by a human resource mix and implementation tools. Potential barriers to the feasibility of implementation at scale were identified. Conclusions The plan leverages resources and systems availed by the emerging chronic care service delivery platform for the integration of mental health. This strengthens the potential for future scale up.


Data point set registration is an important operation in coordinate metrology. Registration is the operation by which sampled point clouds are aligned with a CAD model by a 4×4 homogeneous transformation (e.g., rotation and translation). This alignment permits validation of the produced artifact's geometry. Registration is an iterative nonlinear optimization operation assigning points on the CAD model for the sampled points. The objective is to minimize the sum of the squares of the normal distances between each point in the point cloud and the closest point in the CAD model. State-of-the-art metrology systems are now capable of generating thousands, if not millions, of data points during an inspection operation, resulting in increased computational power to fully utilize these larger data sets. The execution time for assigning the point set in registration process is directly related to the number of points processed and CAD model complexity. A brute force approach to registration, which is often used, is to compute the minimum distance between each sampled point and its normal projection on the CAD model. As the point cloud size and CAD model complexity increase, this approach becomes intractable and inefficient. This paper proposes a new approach to efficiently identify the closest point in the CAD model for a given point. This approach employs a combination of readily available computer hardware, graphical processor unit (GPU) and a formulation of the point assignment problem, using an octree data structure that is suited for execution on the GPU.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Carbon-based thin films are a vast group of materials of great technological importance. Thanks to the different bonding options for carbon, a large variety of structures (from amorphous to nanostr ...


THE ADMINISTRATION OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY COMPRISES MAINLY: (1) INVESTIGATION OF THE OPTIMUM ANNUAL USES WITH A VIEW TO REACHING OR AT LEAST COMING NEAR ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY THRESHOLDS; (2) MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF THE MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT. ATTENTION IS DRAWN TO THE NECESSITY OF CORRECTLY OPERATING THE MACHINES ON SITES AND TO IN-SITU CONTROLS, REPAIRS AND OVERHAULS. THE PROBLEM OF SPARE PARTS IS ALSO DISCUSSED. TAKING FINISHERS AS AN EXAMPLE, THE AUTHORS DESCRIBE THE CONSEQUENCES OF USING A 13-T AXLE IN FRANCE.


The problem of research is the decrease in the cultivated area in Minia Governorate in recent years and also the relative stability of the cropland area, which means not to increase the soil monomers exploited in the governorate, and thus the lack of clarity and questionnaire of the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of exploitation of these resources and the method of loading crops as one of the methods of agricultural intensification In the governorate, and reached results to the following:1The status of minya, ranked first in terms of area and production, the maize crop, where approximately acres,804168.6 35208.8 Tons/acre represent about 15.04% and 14.97%, respectively, and that the status of the Abu Qurqas ranked first in terms of area and production of soybean crop at about 6,714 acres,10992.2Tons/acre represent about 34.00% and 939.29% respectively . \ 2The center of Minya ranked first in terms of area and production, with about 35.2 thousand feddans, 0.8 million tons representing about 15.04% and 14.97% respectively. The center of Samalut, where the area and production amounted to about 33.8 thousand acres, 0.80 million tons representing about 14.43% and 14.85%, respectively.3The efficiency of land utilization when loading the soybean crop on the maize summer crop was about 80.1%, so that the two crops together increase the efficiency of land use by 80%.4-The most important problems facing agriculture, loaded with agricultural intensification and the problem of the weather conditions and climatic changes, the rise in the prices of agricultural inputs, higher wages for agricultural workers . Finally, the research reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which are: Expansion of the cultivated crops, especially soybeans with maize, to limit the import of vegetable oils and feed, especially the early maturing varieties.


Objective To analyze the etiology and risk factors in-patients with hypertension from the department of hypertension in attempt to show the recent trend in hypertension. Methods Retrospective study was performed based on etiology and risk factors of in-patients with hypertension in department of hypertension. Results (1) Of 2 274 in-patients with hypertension, there were 86% of essential hypertension and 14% of secondary hypertension (SH). Secondary hypertension comprised 51.3% of endocrine hypertension, 24.8% of renovascular hypertension (RVH)and 22.3% of renal hypertension. (2) The highest prevalence rate of secondary hypertension was primary aldosteromsm (40.2%). Main etiological factor of RVH was atherosclerosis. (3) To evaluate risk factors of EH: incidence of overweight and obesity, abnormality of glucose metabolism, hyperlipemia and hyperuricemia was 76.2%, 55.3%, 69.5% and 31.7%, respectively. (4) The occurrence rate of carotid artery thickness, left ventricular hypertrophy,chronic renal failure and stroke were 38.1%, 26.2%, 13.3% and 14.4%, respectively. (5) Logistic regression shows that the grade of blood pressure and age were the 2 significantly independent determinants for carotid artery thickness; the grade of blood pressure and BMI were the significantly independent determinants for left ventricular hypertrophy. Age, grade of blood pressure, BMI and serum uric acid were significantly independent determinants for the lesion of kidney. Age and the grade of blood pressure were significantly independent determinants for stroke (P0.05). Conclusion The main etiological factor of hypertension was EH. In SH, the prevalence of PA was increasing and atherosclerosis was the main etiological factor of RVH. Overweight and obesity ,lipid disorders ,glucose and uric acid me-tabolismabnormalities were associated withincreased risk of EH. Theincidence rate of target-organ dam-age was high and it was closely related with age ,the grade of blood pressure and BMI .


How Did the Written Assertion Develop and Why Is It Important in SOC 1 Reporting? As you prepare for your next Service Organization Control (SOC) 1 ...


In ''Guiding public opinion in civil disorders'' Guosong Shao, Tangbiao Xiao, Shuo Yao and Hongmei Shen review the Chinese government's guidance of public opinion in the wake of incidents of civil disorder. Many factors are seen as contributing to incidents of disorder in a society that values harmony. These range from local government's inappropriate land acquisition to the growing gulf between haves and have-nots. The young Chinese woman texting in the photograph is clearly one of the haves. Employing the government-mediapublic relationship as a framework, the team has examined how (1) government influences media coverage, (2) media coverage influences public attitudes and (3) government communicates directly with the public. Information and media management, cooperative media framing public consultations and individualized 'thought work' are used strategically to guide public opinion. Each element of the strategic relationship is examined through both theoretical and practical lenses by the team, which concludes with a discussion of public opinion guidance and democratic governance. Davinia Thornley, in ''From a Maori point of view to look at a Maori film'' examines reactions of Maori (the indigenous minority) to the first two Maori-produced films in Aotearoa New Zealand: Ngati (dir. Barry Barclay 1987) and Mauri (dir. Merata Mita 1988). She uses a critical reception theoretic approach, relying on focus groups, to gather and analyse the Maori views. She looks at several categories including (1) weight of representation for minority movies, (2) the 'slipperiness' of participants' memories, (3) the multi-layered connection between herself (a Pakeha or descendant of Caucasian settlers) and the participants, and (4) the use of first-hand accounts of viewing to discuss the way both Maori and Pakeha approach Ngati and Mauri. She not only examines participants' understandings of these films, but also interrogates their viewing positions in order to make larger connections within the disciplinary fields of both critical race theory and reception theory. In ''The CNN defect'' Last Moyo examines CNN's and reporting of elections in crisis-torn Zimbabwe. Noting that global media have given salience to human rights and good


The Paleozoic Scott lode gold-silver epithermal deposit, situated at Pajingo, northeast Queensland, is hosted by feldspathic-volcanolithic sandstones, quartzose sandstones, ignimbrites, andesitic voltanits with interbedded block and ash deposits, lapilli tuffs, and andesitic to dioritic intrusive rocks. The Scott lode deposit contains 1.23 million metric tons of 9.9 g/t gold and 38.9 g/t silver. There are six principal types of alteration assemblages which are zoned with respect to the main vein structure: propylitic, potassic (adularia), intermediate argillic, silicic, kaolinitic, and ferroan carbonate. Overprinting textural relationships indicate that the propylitic type is earliest, progressively followed by potassic (adularia), then intermediate argillic, and finally silicic alteration. Auriferous veins are largely coeval with the silicic and intermediate argillic alteration types. Kaolinitc and ferroan carbonate occur as late-stage alteration products, postdating the precious metal mineralization. Principal ore and sulfide minerals include pyrite, sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, hessitc, tennantite-tetrahedrite, argentitc, petzite, electrum, and native gold. Gangue minerals in the veins are quartz, illitc, adularia, calcite, and locally, kaolinitc. The main-stage quartz is zoned with respect to mineralogy, mineralization styles, metal distribution patterns, and vein textres. Three major zones can be recognized: zone I--an upper precious metal, moss chalcedonic crustiform-colloform quartz zone, zone II--intermediate precious + base metal, crystalline quartz-coarse-grained sulfide-dominated, crustiform-colloform quartz zone, and zone IIIdeep sparse base metal, weakly banded crystalline comb quartz zone. The ore interval occurs in zones I and II with the transition to zone III effectively defining the limit of mineralization. Economic mineralization at the Scott lode deposit was laid down from dilute fluids (0.7-2.5 wt % NaC1 equiv) with a very low concentration of CO2. Homogenization temperatures of 170 o to 315oC exhibit vertical variation with higher temperatures at greater depth. The presence of coexisting liquid- and gas-rich inclusions in mineralized quartz, together with adularia, vein brecciation, and pronounced crustiform-colloform banding, indicates hydrothermal boiling as the principal precipitation mechanism for gold and silver deposition. Thermodynamic modeling of adiabatic boiling of a fluid with an initial concentration of 2 to 5 ppb gold at 300oC indicates that such a fluid can deposit ores containing 10 ppm gold and 260 ppm silver at the temperature intervals recorded by the fluid inclusion work.


Wayfinding presents a significant aspect in architectural design since it is associated with the spatial organization and the legibility of indoor environments. It is believed that the physical characteristics of the indoor environment influence the performance of individuals in finding their way in complex settings. Navigation in such buildings can be a distressing process if the needed spatial information is not clearly presented to users; hence, it is important during the design phase to consider the factors that affect users' wayfinding performance. This paper examines these factors in indoor environments and focuses on the design variables that influence their legibility. Furthermore, it attempts to develop a quantitative evaluation model that assesses wayfinding in complex buildings in terms of their architectural design variables, through assigning weights of importance to these variables. For the purpose of implementing and testing the evaluation model, two case studies were conducted in shopping centers in Cairo, Egypt. The performance of users during the study was found to be consistent with the results of the evaluation model. This suggests that the assigned weights of the design variables were rather logical. These weights help in defining the design priorities for wayfinding: building configuration and its complexity are regarded as the first priority, followed by architectural differentiation, visual accessibility, and lastly, landmarks.


Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) remains the most appropriate treatment for adolescent patients who are ACL deficient. This article reviews the indications for adolescent ACL reconstruction, potential risks, and the technique for allograft reconstruction.


We use a fractional difference model to reconcile two features of yields on US government bonds with modem asset pricing theory: the persistence of the short rate and variability of the long end of the yield curve. We suggest that this process might arise from the response of the heterogeneous agents to the changes in monetary policy.


Abstract:In the face of the social and environmental changes of his time, Rousseau's Discours sur l'origine de l'inégalité (1755), Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse (1761), and Émile et Sophie ou les Solitaires (1780) propose model sustainable lifestyles that aim to stop the progressive alienation of humans from nature. Bringing together two prominent areas of Rousseau studies, environmentalism and feminism, this article explores how these three texts promote the patriarchal family as an example of an ecological and social ideal to be imitated, but they ultimately reveal patriarchy to be unsustainable. Within these model families, the desire to maintain power over women is connected to the desire to preserve natural spaces against the threat of transformation by urbanization and technological progress. However, in each case, controlling nature and women proves impossible, and the patriarchal idylls collapse. In this analysis, I attend to the dynamism of environments and female protagonists in the Discours, Julie, and Émile et Sophie to show how Rousseau's texts refute essentialized definitions of nature or women's nature. This reading contributes to the work of ecocritics studying Rousseau's proto-environmentalism as well as to the work of feminist critics who have highlighted how Rousseau uses nature to justify gender inequality.


Police investigations into organisations following a road death can be a disruptive process. Prior understanding of the investigation process, and what the Police are looking for, can help an organisation to reflect on the suitability of the organisation's existing policies and procedures by ensuring they are suitable and sufficient. Such a process can assist in establishing gaps between policy and real world application. Importantly however, the proactive process can lead to the development of safer working environments.


A probe apparatus for use with analyzing devices, pri marily oscilloscopes, which uses pole-zero cancellation to provide a probe with low capacitance and wide bandwidth. Pole-zero cancellation enables the probe to have constant gain at all frequencies. In one embodi ment, the coaxial cable between the probe tip and the replication amplifier is terminated in its characteristic impedance to provide constant gain at all frequencies regardless of cable length. Use of pole-zero cancellation and thick film technology enables building a probe with a small, durable tip.


Reading and writing ability cultivated by the teaching of Chinese language is the base for learning other subjects. The cultivation of student's creativity is the right duty of Chinese language teaching. It will produce far-reaching andinvaluable effects to the students' growth to train students' power of observation and imagination.


The present invention is a decoding apparatus, and relates to a method, according as an input bit decoded using the parity check matrix, a plurality of base determined by the unit matrix size and parallelism levels of low-density parity-check code using a plurality of basic parity check matrix by sequentially portion parallel to a parity check matrix using a parity check matrix, while reducing to perform decoding processing at a high speed, and further, a plurality of basic parity to be able to support a length and a code rate of the different code words complexity to provide a decoding apparatus and method for low-density parity-check code using a check matrix. To this end, the present invention relates to a parity check matrix, the parity check matrix select means for determining a plurality of basic parity check matrix in accordance with the unit matrix size and parallelism value to process the decoding apparatus in the low-density parity check code; Bit input means for receiving along a logarithmic probability value approximated to the unit matrix size and parallelism values for the input bits; The parity check matrix by using the plurality of input basic parity check matrix with the determined number approximated probability value received check matrix processing means for processing part in parallel in sequence; And a size of the sub-matrices and parallelism value bit processing means for reconstructing the input bits in accordance with the determined bit-level from the portion parallel with the parity check matrix value. Low-density parity-check code, the parity check matrix, the default parity check matrix, part of the parallel processing, the codeword


BML model is a kind of cellular automata model used to simulate and analyze the traffic system in the road network structure.The simulation and evolutionary optimization of the model implemented by software are optimized slowly and very low efficiently,so that it limits the ability enormously of traffic flow model to be used in some high real-time and high-speed occasion.In view of this question,we presented the architecture of an EHW-based cellular automata model,a cellular automata model implemented in evolvable hardware platform and intended for the on-line evolution of the traffic flow model.And then it can adjust the rule of the traffic light signal according to the real-time state of traffic flow.After a careful analysis of the comparison result,the self-adaptive optimization for traffic flow model based on evolvable hardware was proved to be very useful and can meet the needs in the research and design of intelligent traffic system.


The present study represents the development of theoretical correlation for pool boiling of nanofluid having TiO2 as nanoparticle and water as base fluid in a mechanically polished stainless steel flat plate as a boiling surface, where the concentration of the TiO2 particles in water increases from 0.32 wt.% to 0.72 wt.% to observe the effects on boiling heat transfer characteristics. The prediction of pool boiling heat flux using nanofluid at different surface – liquid temperatures by increasing nanoparticle concentration from 0.32 wt. % to 0.72 wt. % shows that with the increase of only 4.78°C surface – liquid temperature difference at 0.32 wt. % of the particle concentration, the heat flux increases up to 32.62 kW/m, approximately. The surface temperature decreases with increasing nanoparticle concentration. The theoretical heat flux compared with the experimental heat flux which is with in ±30% error band agreement. Heat transfer coefficient of nucleate pool boiling using nanofluid increases with nanoparticle concentration at high heat fluxes. Approximately 22% increase in heat transfer coefficient is observed for 0.72 wt. % nanoparticle concentration. Thus, newly developed generalized correlation is given below used knowing different thermal properties of nanofluid and heating surface for prediction of heat flux and subsequently boiling heat transfer coefficient.


The invention discloses a water-in water type colorful thermal insulation coating which comprises the components in parts by weight: 35-50 parts of continuous phase, 30-40 parts of dispersed phase, 15-30 parts of silicone acrylic emulsion and 0.2-5.0 parts of regulator. The heat insulation performance is applied to water-based colorful coating, so that the invention integrates high-grade decoration performance and the heat insulation performance; before the water-in water type colorful thermal insulation coating is used, right amount of water is added into the coating for adjusting the viscosity, and then the coating is sprayed onto a building by a special spray gun, so that the decoration effect of natural stone can be achieved, and the water-in water type colorful thermal insulation coating has reflection heat insulation function.


Let $p$ be an odd prime number and $K_\infty/K$ be a $\mathbb{Z}_p\rtimes\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension over a number field which satisfies certain assumptions on the ramification of $p$ and on the structure of an Iwasawa module associated to $K_\infty$. In this paper, we estimate the upper bound of the variation of the $p$-exponent of the class numbers of certain finite subextensions inside $K_\infty/K$. This partially generalizes the classical result of Cuoco and Monsky when $d=2$ and the so-called Iwasawa $\mu$ invariant is not necessarily zero, while the recent result of Lei was mainly regarding the case when $\mu=0$.


ARTICLE INFO Face recognition is very challenging area of research. The number of the images are available on the internet among them most of the images are human facial images which shared by the users. Some human facial images are not properly tagged with right name. So, Search-Based Face Annotation (SBFA) framework aims to deal with auto face annotation task and uses Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) technique for face annotation. The main motive behind the SBFA is to assign right name label to a given query facial image. So K-means clustering-based algorithm used to improve scalability. This work also introduces the user is validated by their email. The efficiency of system improved by performing the verification of email, last login session of particular user, total counts of login etc. and finally the user account status is accomplished. Keywords— Face recognition, content-based image retrieval, face annotation. Article History Received: 19 th July 2016 Received in revised form :


The magnetic order and critical behavior at well‐defined surfaces of ultrathin (1.9–2.1) monolayer Fe(100)p(1×1) films, deposited at room temperature on atomically flat Pd(100) substrate crystals, is investigated using electron‐capture spectroscopy (ECS). Ferromagnetic order sets in at a surface Curie temperature TCs=613.1 K. At room temperature, the long‐ranged electron‐spin polarization (ESP) amounts to 34% and is oriented in‐plane for well‐annealed films. Near TCs, the ESP follows the power law (TCs−T)β, with a critical exponent β=0.125±0.01 evaluated near TCs. This result is in good agreement with the exact value β=1/8 of the two‐dimensional Ising model with short‐ranged forces. For temperatures far from TCs, the ESP follows precisely the temperature dependence of the magnetization as predicted by Yang's exact solution of the two‐dimensional Ising model including long‐ranged forces.


We discuss the problem on approximation by tight step wavelet frames on the field $\mathbb{Q}_p$ of $p$-adic numbers. Let $G_n=\{x=\sum_{k=n}^\infty x_k p^k\}$, $X$ be a set of characters. We define a step function $\lambda({\chi})$ that is constant on cosets ${G}_n^\bot\setminus{G}_{n-1}^\bot$ by equalities $\lambda ({G}_n^\bot\setminus{G}_{n-1}^\bot)=\lambda_n>0$ for which $\sum\frac{1}{\lambda_n}<\infty$. We find the order of approximation of functions $f$ for which $\int_X|\lambda( {\chi})\hat{f}(\chi)|^2d\nu(\chi)<\infty$


The catalytic activities of CeO2-MnOx composite oxides synthesized through oxalate method were researched. The results exhibited that the catalytic properties of CeO2-MnOx composite oxides were higher than pure CeO2 or MnOx. When the Ceat/Mnat ratio was 3:7, the catalytic activity reached the best. In addition, the activities of CeO2-MnOx synthesized through different routes over benzene oxidation were also comparative researched. The result indicated that the catalytic property of sample prepared by oxalate method was better than others, which maybe closely related with their meso-structures. Meanwhile, the effects of synergistic interaction and oxygen species in the samples on the catalytic ability can't be ignored.


Core samples from rock formations respond to electromagnetic radiation based on an effective permittivity, which depends on the conductivity and permittivity of the constituent components of the rock, as well as the geometric structure of these constituents and the frequency of the radiation. This study analyzes the effect, for radiation of 1 to 100 Mhz, of discrete inclusions having a different permittivity from the surrounding medium. The focus is on the effect of certain geometric features, namely, the individual size of the inclusions, their overall volume fraction, the presence of sharp edges, and their aspect ratio.


e18217Background: Use of staging imaging (SI), including CT, PET and bone scans, is not routinely recommended in stage I-IIA breast cancer patients (ESBCP) in the absence of signs or symptoms of me...


Nouns designate "things" or abstractions. And adjectives limit nouns. This arrangement seems simple enough at the "see the red ball" level. However, when we consider the more complex subject of medical writing, we see that authors frequently misuse these parts of speech. The benign connective tissue new growth known as granuloma pyogenicum is usually a single rapidly-growing red-to-purplish small pedunculated raspberry-like lesion often varying in size from that of a pea to that of a cherry. This example contains several instances of overuse of modifiers, especially adjectives. The noun "growth" is modified by a long string of adjectives plus "tissue," a noun-used-as-an-adjective. And worse is thesingle rapidly-growing red-to-purplish small pedunculated raspberry-like lesion; in this breath-taking conglomeration we find that adjectives ("single," "red-to-purplish," "small," etc), a noun ("raspberry"), and an adverb-verbal combination ("rapidly-growing") all modify the noun "lesion." To correct this type of long-chain run is relatively easy. For example,


Pine wilt disease (PWD) is the most destructive disease threatening pine worldwide. The disease is mainly caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is vectored by pine sawyer longhorn-beetles, Monochamus spp. This study aimed to select resistance-inducing pine endophytic bacteria for management of PWD. To set up a defence-related genes expression pattern for screening, four chemical inducers (salicylic acid, c-aminobutyric acid (GABA), b-aminobutyric acid and a-aminobutyric acid) were tested in vitro on pine calli and in vivo on pine seedlings. Treatment with GABA had the greatest reduction in PWD severity on pine seedlings. The pattern of defence-related gene expression in calli treated with GABA was used to select potential resistance-inducing bacterial strains. In addition, 92 bacterial strains were isolated from pine tree needles and stems and were tested for expression of defencerelated genes in pine calli in vitro. Among the tested strains, 13 showed a similar pattern to GABA treatment in at least four tested defence-related genes and were selected for the seedling assay. From the seedling assay, three bacterial strains (16YSM-E48, 16YSM-P180 and 16YSM-P39) showed significant reduction in PWD severity compared to the untreated control. Moreover, among the selected strains, cell-free culture supernatant of strain 16YSM-P180 significantly reduced PWD severity in inoculated pine seedlings. The selected strains were identified based on the 16S rRNA sequence as Pseudomonas putida 16YSM-E48, Curtobacterium pusillum 16YSM-P180 and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila 16YSM-P39. These selected strains are suggested as potential alternatives for management of PWD by induction of systemic resistance.


The Diagnostic Techniques Of Indian Medicine System Takes Its Root From Understanding And Analyzing The Three Radial Pulses. Pulse Or Nadi (Sanskrit Term) Is A Vital Movement Of Energy, That Is, Life Which Advances Along The Fine Medium Throughout The Human Body That Helps The Physician To Feel And Understand The Flow Of Blood All Along From The Heart. Nadipariksha Is An Ancient Ayurvedic Technique Of Diagnosis Through The Pulse Or Nadi. It Is A Powerful Way Of Diagnosing Physical, Mental And Emotional Imbalances As Well As Diseases. This Non-Invasive Technology Aids In Reaching The Root Cause Of Bodily Imbalances And Health Disorders In Addition To Addressing The Symptoms.


It is most disconcerting that the Standard Model of particle physics defines, as fundamental a quantity as the electric charge, only conventionally and arbitrarily. We look into the nature of this conventionality and try to find an underlying structure to it. This brings in the Higgs field in a non-trivial manner, which points as to how the above arbitrariness and conventionality may be avoided. Next, the same is demonstrated as actually being part of the intrinsic mathematical structure of the Standard Model.


Abstract The combustion characteristics of a turbocharged natural gas and diesel dual-fuelled compression ignition (CI) engine are investigated. With the measured cylinder pressures of the engine operated on pure diesel and dual fuel, the ignition delay, effects of pilot diesel and engine load on combustion characteristics are analysed. Emissions of HC, CO, NOx and smoke are measured and studied too. The results show that the quantity of pilot diesel has important effects on the performance and emissions of a dual-fuel engine at low-load operating conditions. Ignition delay varies with the concentration of natural gas. Smoke is much lower for the developed dual-fuel engine under all the operating conditions.


The most abundant biomolecules, the carbohydrates, can form stable complexes with metal ions in aqueous solution, provided that (multiple) deprotonation of the sugars is supported by a sufficient degree of Lewis acidity of the metal center. The first transition row of the periodic table contains the most important biometals. Of these, all divalent ions except copper(ii) are so weakly acidic that stable carbohydrate complexes are known only in higher oxidation states (Mn, Fe, Co) or in the presence of ancillary ligands (Ni). Both iron and manganese, in their higher oxidation states + iii (Mn and Fe) and + iv (Mn), are sufficiently acidic to stabilize multiply deprotonated carbohydrate ligands which, in turn, form complexes of such a high stability that precipitation of even some of the least soluble (hydr)oxides, namely, Fe(OH)3/FeO(OH), Mn(OH)3/MnO(OH), and MnO2, is prevented in the presence of some carbohydrates. Hence the monosaccharide mannose, being a particularly well-suited ligand in terms of the O5 pattern of its bfuranoside isomer, forms dinuclear Fe 2 , Mn III 2 , and Mn Mn complexes in the neutral or alkaline pH region with two entirely deprotonated mannosefuranose anions as the only ligands. 2] Deprotonated carbohydrate ligands are apparently present in the active centers of carbohydrate-directed metal enzymes as well. The most important example, economically, is xylose isomerase which is used to convert d-glucose into d-fructose on a commercial scale. The active site contains two metal ions (manganese, magnesium, or cobalt) which are divalent, and thus are of lower Lewis acidity. With the exception of the enzyme s pocket, an aqueous carbohydrate chemistry of divalent manganese, as well as divalent iron, ions does not appear to exist in terms of stable, structurally characterized complexes. The addition of iron(ii) or manganese(ii) salts, for example, to aqueous alkaline carbohydrate solutions, results in precipitation of the respective hydroxide only—compare this behavior with that of copper(ii), the strongest Lewis acid among the M ions of the first transition row which forms deep blue complexes in alkaline solutions of various carbohydrates, such as monosaccharides and glycosides including cyclodextrins. Herein we demonstrate that the formation of supramolecular assemblies, other than the preorganized pattern of ligands in the active site of an enzyme, can add additional stability to the carbohydrate complexes of the divalent ions of iron and manganese. The supramolecular aspects of carbohydrate–metal chemistry appeared in outline during a particularly simple observation: with a-cyclodextrin (a-CD), the cyclic a-1,4-linked hexamer of glucose, clear solutions form instead of a hydroxide precipitate when lithium salts are added to Fe(OH)2/a-CD/NaOH slurries—or, more directly, when lithium hydroxide is used instead of sodium hydroxide. Crystallization and X-ray analysis of the individual compounds revealed the same structure for iron(ii) and manganese(ii). Figure 1 (left) shows the structural principles for the iron compound Li5[Li6(H2O)6Fe3(H2O)3(a-CDH 7.5)2H 2]· 56H2O (1a); a very similar molecular structure is observed with manganese(ii). Three five-coordinate iron centers form aqua–bis(diolato) moieties—which are not stable as complexes with isolated glucose residues, such as, with glucose itself or an alkylglucopyranoside as the ligand. In 1a however, the glucose units are not isolated but there are several stabilizing structural fragments which are all formed according to the rules of pattern recognition, that is, according to principles of supramolecular chemistry. To unravel the various factors which contribute cooperatively to the overall stability of the assembly in 1a, a step-bystep approach has been chosen which, of course, may not reflect the true formation mechanism. A structural description may thus start with three iron(ii) atoms that assemble two CD tori to a (CD)2 double torus. The six diol functions of one torus now face the six diol groups of the other, and, after 12fold deprotonation, three of the six diol pairs bind the iron(ii) atoms to give three bis(diolato)iron centers. The deprotonated sites are stabilized by shortening some of the intramolecular O2···O3' hydrogen bonds of each torus. Since the typical hydrogen-bonded O2···O3' distance between the glucose units of an a-CD torus is about 2.8 , those glucose units that do not bind to iron are tilted towards one of their two neighboring iron-bonding glucose units to shorten the respective hydrogen bond. This feature is depicted in Figure 2: the upper non-iron-binding glucose shortens the O···O distance to the left diolate, the lower to the right one. The remaining two hydroxy functions of the non-metallized glucoses reorientate their hydrogen bonds. The intratorus hydrogen bonds are lost and a new, short, intertorus bond is established. Considering both the short O···O separation and the balance of charges, monodeprotonation of this site should be assumed (Figure 2). Having established these three hydrogen bonds per non-metallized glucose pair, two optimal binding sites for lithium counterions result in this part of the double torus, that is, six sites in the entire assembly. These sites resemble O3 basal planes of LiO4 tetrahedra. The remaining coordination sites at Li point inside the double [*] Prof. Dr. P. Kl fers, Dr. C. Kropfgans, Dr. P. Mayer Department Chemie und Biochemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit t Butenandtstrasse 5–13, 81377 M nchen (Germany) Fax: (+ 49)89-2180-77407 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Selected six kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (naphthalene: NA, phenanthrene: (PHE), anthracene (ANT), fluoranthene (FLR), pyrene (PYR), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)) were exposed to natural sunlight under simulated tidal flat conditions, to check possibilities for photochemical productions of halogenated derivatives in the coastal environment. Moreover, 11 molecular descriptors were derived based on PM6 Hamiltonian for each PAH. Photochemical reaction induced productions of various 13 kinds of halogenated derivatives, which include 7 unknown products. In the determined 6 halogenated derivatives, the highest production amount was 6-chlorobenzo[a]pyrene. Moreover, PYR showed the behavior that produced halogenated derivatives significantly higher than its structural isomer of FLR. After the determination of production amounts, correlation between the production amounts of halogenated derivatives and the molecular descriptors of individual PAHs were examined. The energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (EHOMO–LUMO), which is a measure of chemical stability, showed the strongest significance (p < 0.01) and give enough explanation for differences in the production amounts among structural isomers. PAHs that have small EHOMO–LUMO showed high potential to produce halogenated derivatives. ANT, PYR and B[a]P would have potentially high capability to induce halogenated derivatives in the coastal environment. We further discussed the impact of photochemical reaction on environmental fate of PAHs and halogenated PAHs. Congener profiles observed in our previous field surveys seemed to suggest contributions of photochemical reaction to occurrences of Cl-PAHs.


The corticospinal tract (CST) is the principal motor contr ol pathway for skilled movements. The CST, as well as the motor behaviors that it is important for controlling, has a p rotracted postnatal development in humans and many animals. We first discuss our experiments in the cat, showing that CST neu ronal activity is important for normal development of the tract; especially for development of the proper pattern of connections between CST axons and neurons in spinal cord motor circuits. We compare our results in the cat using neural pathway tracing techniques with research on development of the CST in humans using transcranial magnetic stimulation, showing that the cat model captures key features of normal human CST development. In the human, damage to the CST during development produces cerebral palsy, a debilitating motor control disorder. Cerebr al palsy research suggests that the motor signs of this condition refl ect both the loss of development of a strong contralateral CST, together with development of aberrant dense ipsilateral connections between the CST and spinal motor circuits. We have developed a cat model of unilateral (i.e., hemiplegic) cerebral palsy that both captures these key defects in CST connections and exhibits motor control impairments. We discuss our work, showing that harnessing activity-dependent processes later in development is capable of both restoring the proper connections of the CST in this model and restoring normal motor function.


Carbon nanotubes have been prepared by CVD from acetylene-argon gaseous system in tubular flow reactor. Acetylene gas was used as the carbon source needed for carbon nanotube growth. Several types of high porosity foam-like Ni substrate were used as catalyst material at pyrolysis temperatures from 673 to 973 K. Influence of the surface morphology of the foam-like Ni substrates on the carbon nanotubes morphology and growth have been studied.


It is expected that the conventional power plants of today will soon be substituted by a complete inertialess system. Such power stations will possess storages for different generation speed together with power electronic converters. In this paper, a method is proposed to control the electrical power distribution by these new power plants. All the control principles existing today involving spinning reserve, primary control and secondary control depending on frequency are substituted by a comprehensive angle control of the nodal voltages in the transmission and distribution network. It is observed that whenever there is an excessive consumption or generation of active power, all the slack power plants react instantly by either increasing their production or recharging their storages, with the ones closest to the point of disturbance providing the greatest response. In this manner, the excessive power flow from the production to consumption centers is reduced significantly avoiding the heavy overloading of the transmission lines. The behavior of this new control strategy is clearly described in this paper, taking into account the protection of such slack power plants when their maximum output power capacity is reached.


In this article we present results of both experimental and computer modeling studies of transient double injection currents in amorphous silicon p‐i‐n diodes. After the application of a forward bias step pulse, the current decays until there is a sudden sharp rise, often by two to three orders of magnitude. The delay time for this current increase varies from microseconds to many milliseconds, and it is found to be strongly dependent on the pulse repetition rate, applied bias, degradation state of the sample, and illumination. Our results are in good agreement with computer simulations of these phenomena. The sudden current rise is associated with a change in transport mechanism from electron space‐charge limited current flow to bipolar recombination limited current flow. Experimentally and theoretically it is found that in a degraded device the delay time is also very dependent on the spatial position of the metastable defects, with those near the n+ contact having a much more dominant effect than those...


This paper deals with passivity-based stability analysis of dynamic electricity pricing considering power flow. In the near future electricity market, power consumers and generators will participate in electricity market trading as market players. For such a market trading system, the dynamic pricing procedure is required to consider the intermittent participation of power consumers and generators. Then, this paper discusses the stability of the electricity market trading system including power flow using passivity analysis. This paper also shows that the optimal power demand, supply and electricity prices are asymptotically stable and these values are derived in a distributed manner through market trading.


Most recently, the destruction of sucrose in hot alkalinf' synthetic process juices has been investigated by Pieck (5)2 and Carruthers (1). The measurement technique pursued by these investigators involved the separate measurement or the rate 0( formation of invert in a hot alkaline buffered solution containing sucrose and the ra te of invert destruction in a buffered solution under similar conditions of temperature and pH. In both cases pure sucrose and invert solutions in conjunction with appropriate buffers were used . Having o btained the formation rate of inver t from sucrose and the independent rate of destruction of invert , it was possible to determine the amount of sucrose destroyed at any given process condition. .'\11 reactions were found to be of the first order with respect to invert f<:rmation and invert destruction. Carruthers (I) intimated the existence of steady state with respect to the transient reaction intermedia te inver t. Pieck (5) enlarged on the steady state invert concept by measur ing invert concentrations under various pll and temperature conditions. It is the intention of this paper to utilize the kinetic concept of steady state. By doing so, it is possible to solve for the first order reaction rates describing the destruction of sucrose, glu cose and fructose, and the concentrations of glucose and fru ctose within the steady state invert level.


A striking cultural feature of most of Western society is the expectation that the elderly will become progressively more sedentary, increasingly indolent and gradually more febrile until they are eventually unable to cope for themselves. There is the perception that old people do not need to exercise to any great extent, that exercise may be harmful to the elderly and that older people in exercise are most unattractive. Advertising emphasises that exercise is for the young and encourages a belief that the elderly should take life easily as reward for a lifetime's work.

Research into musculo-skeletal structure and performance has clearly shown the necessity for high levels of exercise activity through the whole life span. Inactivity is associated with a decline in muscle bulk, strength and endurance; an increase in joint stiffness and a decline in the individual's ability to respond to rapid environment change.

All of the above changes are markedly improved by exercise, even in the very elderly. This paper discusses current research into the effect of ageing and exercise on the musculo-skeletal system of the body, and demonstrates the necessity for continued high levels of physical activity into old age.


With the extention of high-speed railway networks, existing bridges have to be assessed. In many cases a suitable numerical model is required which can represent the basic dynamical properties of the existing system. In general, the correct modeling of an existing bridge is a complicated task. Sometimes additional vibration tests have to be performed to investigate the dynamical properties of the bridge. With the experimentally obtained results a numerical model can be updated to represent an almost realistic behavior. Such models can then be used to assess the bridge with respect to the new demands. The current paper provides an approach for an optimization-based model updating using vibration data. An example is presented for a high-speed railway bridge at the line CologneBrussels. The results are validated by using four different optimization runs.


In this article I attempt to reclaim the notion of space and its construction as a modern category oriented by raciality, by the onto-epistemological pillars of separability, determinacy and sequentiality, based on a universal pretension. I contrast modern space with place-space, as proposed by Muniz Sodré, in order, in the midst of this contrast, to glimpse other possibilities of understanding and of inhabiting space. Thus, I present the ongoing movements of urban renewal in Cidade Ademar (SP) while playing with affectability as a way to explore the cracks, which modern spatial representation seeks to hide in the district. Lastly, I attempt to present/confront the modern subject who hides himself under a cloak of rationality and universality, who organizes and appropriates the space he continually names, in order to denaturalize the modern/colonial violence that suppresses other spatial understandings oriented by relationality, or by affectability.


Estimation of forestry aboveground biomass (AGB) by means of aerial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data uses high-density point sampling data obtained in dedicated flights, which are often too costly for available research budgets. In this paper we exploit already existing public low-density LiDAR data obtained for other purposes, such as cartography. The challenge is to show that such low-density data allows accurate biomass estimation. We demonstrate the approach on data available from plantations of Pinus radiata in the Arratia-Nervión region, located in Biscay province located in the North of Spain. We use public data gathered from the low-density (0.5 pulse/m2) LiDAR flight conducted by the Basque Government in 2012 for cartographic production. We propose a linear regression model based on explanatory variables obtained from the LiDAR point cloud data. We calibrate the model using field data from the Fourth National Forest Inventory (NFI4), including the selection of the optimal model variables. The results revealed that the best model depends on two variables extracted from LiDAR data: One directly related with tree height and a second parameter with the canopy density. The model explained 80% of its variability with a standard error of 0.25 ton/ha in logarithmic units. We validate the predictions against the biomass measurements provided by the government institutions, obtaining a difference of 8%. The proposed approach would allow the exploitation of the periodic available low-density LiDAR data, collected with territorial and cartographic purposes, for a more frequent and less expensive control of the forestry biomass.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence rates of hepatitis B(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in 2070 tumor patients and explore the relationship between HBV and HCV infections and the malignant tumor.METHODS By the means of retrospective investigation,the patients were divided according to the types of tumors,age and gender,the statistical analysis of the detection result was performed.RESULTS The incidence rates of HBV infection,HCV infection,and the concurrent infections in the patients with liver caner were 82.87%,6.71%,and 4.86%,respectively;the incidence rates of the single HBV infection or HCV infection in the patients aged from 45 to 55 years old were 22.26% or 3.71%,while the incidence rate of the mixed HBV and HCV infections in the patients aged from 55 to 65 years old was the highest(2.91%);the incidence rate of the single HBV infection or HCV infection in the male patients with liver cancer or gastric cancer was higher than that of the female patients,the incidence rate of single HBV infection or HCV infection in the male patients with lung cancer or colon cancer was lower than that of the female patients;the incidence rate of the mixed HBV and HCV infections in the male patients with liver cancer or colon cancer was higher than that of the female patients,while the incidence rate of the mixed HBV and HCV infections in the male patients with lung cancer and gastric cancer was lower than that of the female patients.CONCLUSION The incidence rates of HBV infection,HCV infection and mixed HBV and HCV infections in patients with liver cancer are the highest;the incidence rate of the single HBV infection or HCV infection in the patients aged from 45 to 55 years old is the highest,and the male is higher than the female.


Catalytic hydrogenation reaction (Ni/-Al2O3) of eugenol to 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol at 150 oC, was followed
by parallel isomerization of eugenol to cis-isoeugenol and trans-isoeugenol and also followed by transisomerizatin
reactin of trans-isoeigenol to cis-isoeugenol. Reaction mechanism was investigated by conducting catalytic
hydrogenation of cis-isogenol. It was revealed that reaction steps were (1) eugenol (MW 164) was transformed to 2-
methoxy-4-propylphenol (MW 166) and followed by isomerization reaction, (2) formation of trans-isoeugenol from
eugenol was faster than cis-isoegenol (3) cis-isoeugenol was transformed to trans-isoegenol and (4) transisoeugenol
was transformed to 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol.


The Medico task, MediaEval 2021, aims at developing accurate and high-performance techniques for automatic medical image segmentation. In this work, we describe an approach for tackling Tasks 1 and 2 of the challenge. We retrain TransFuse, a state-of-the-art model in medical image segmentation, along with focal Tversky loss function to segment the polyp regions in endoscopic images. The approach focuses on computation efficiency while also pro-ducing high-quality segmented results. In evaluation, our method achieves appropriate results for both efficiency and accuracy.


Abstract: Few twinning events have been recorded in the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus, Sirenia: Trichechidae) and no previous published study has provided confirmation of this phenomenon based in molecular tools. Here we investigate a possible case of twinning in an endangered Brazilian population of T. manatus using molecular tools. We analyzed two male neonates found stranded in Ceará State, on the northeastern coast of Brazil. The DNA of both individuals was isolated, and 10 microsatellite loci were amplified and genotyped. Following the identification of the alleles, the probabilities of identity by descent (∆7 and ∆8) and relatedness (rxy) were calculated using estimators that evaluate inbreeding. The two individuals shared most of the alleles, with differences in the genotypes being identified in only two loci. All the estimators identified a level of relatedness compatible with that found between siblings (selfed or outbred), indicating they were dizygotic twins. This is the first confirmed case of fraternal twins in free-ranging West Indian manatees in South America. The recognition of this type of twinning provides elements to improve actions for the rehabilitation of stranded animals and their subsequent release to the environment.


Rudimentary horn pregnancy is a rare ectopic pregnancy in uterine horn caused by abnormal or failed development of one Müllerian duct with a healthy fetus. A significant number of cases reported an incidence of 1 in 76,000 and 1 in 150,000 and some cases are not detected. Timely management of rudimentary horn pregnancy is pivotal in reducing mortality and morbidity. This study is designed to present a case of live 36-week primary horn ectopic pregnancy diagnosis using Ultrasound. Serum B-HCG levels normalized on postoperative first month. Keywords: Cornual ectopic pregnancy, Healthy fetus, Müllerian duct anomaly Rudimentary horn.


Summary Revealing of the unused reserves of water resources and the fight against non-productive water losses assume ever greater importance with every passing day. Major kinds of water losses are evaporation and water effusion into saline water-bodies. The fight against non-productive water losses should be firstly directed to reduction of the non-productive evaporation, transpiration of weeds and water surface evaporation. The more intensive is the territory used for agriculture, the less is the specific portion of non-productive evaporation. The more intensive is the territory used for agriculture, the less is the specific portion of non-productive evaporation. Many areas of the USSR lose a great amount of water through non-productive evaporation. According to data of the Institute of Geography of the USSR Academy of Sciences this share of non-productive evaporation of the USSR territory comprises 58 per cent. The main volume of the non-productive evaporation falls on inconvenient soils, meadows and pa...


The idea of community participation is seen as one of the ingredients necessary to promote sustainable development. Community participation is firmly entrenched in the constitution of South Africa. It revolves around communities taking responsibility for themselves in the ways that will assist them in improving their quality of life. The participation of the community in the Durban South Basin should be seen as a way in which citizens contribute towards the shaping of the final decisions with regard to industrial and community development in the area. The shaping of the final decision-making about the location of industries has been a bone of contention between the industrialists and the community of the Durban South Basin. This area characterizes a long history of conflicts between residents and the industrialists. The struggle of the community members has been for a better life for all in the area, free from toxic fumes. The Objectives of the study were: (1) to establish the significant decision makers in the Durban South Industrial Basin, (ii) to explore how the public, generally excluded from the decision-making process are able to hold their own in the light of development demands from business, (iii) and to determine to what extent the structures of production, particularly industrial and petrol related industries affect local municipalities in decision-making. Methodology used in collecting data involved the review of published material on the study area. These included government policies, studies done by local and international scholars in local and foreign tertiary institutions, parastatals as well as articles published in the newspapers from 1996 to 2014. Analysis of the documents was done in relation to policy guidelines and strategies for public participation. Respiratory illnesses are prevalent in the South Durban area due to the proximity of the residents to the industry. The study reflects that current practices and patterns of industrialization, have contributed to the questioning of the development process which has been labelled as unsustainable. The analysis revealed that the neglect of people by industries amounts to environmental racism and this is regarded as violation of human rights. The Durban South community exposed to the toxic environment consists mainly of Non-white populations of South Africa. The recommendations from the study encourage the industrialists to access local and traditional knowledge so that they will be able to understand and respond to public concerns with reference to diverse communities.


FIELD: electricity. SUBSTANCE: power supply includes primary converter (2) that is formed with annular magnetic conductor (3) closed around phase conductor (1), on which there arranged is secondary winding (4), the output terminals (5) and (6) of which form output terminals of primary converter (2), rectifying diode bridge (7), smoothing polar capacitor (8), voltage converter-stabiliser (9) made as per DC-DC circuit of converter, output terminals (10) and (11) of DC-DC converter are connected to load (12), storage battery (13) (SB), charging device (14), non-polar capacitor (15), gas discharger (16), voltage stabiliser (17), current limiter (18), current shunt (19) for SB current control, current shunt (20) for load (12) current control, diode (21) of SB automatic connection, analogue-to-digital converter (22) of SB voltage control, analogue-to-digital converter (23) of SB current control, analogue-to-digital converter (24) of load voltage control, analogue-to-digital converter (25) of load current control, and analogue-to-digital converter (26) of voltage control of smoothing capacitor (8). EFFECT: simplifying the design and reducing power loss. 1 dwg