Policy optimization (PO) is a key ingredient for modern reinforcement learning (RL), an instance of adaptive optimal control (Sutton et al., 1992). For control design, certain constraints are usually enforced on the policies to optimize, accounting for either the stability, robustness, or safety concerns on the system. Hence, PO is by nature a constrained (nonconvex) optimization in most cases, whose global convergence is challenging to analyze in general. More importantly, some constraints that are safety-critical, e.g., the closed-loop stability, or the H∞-norm constraint that guarantees the system robustness, can be difficult to enforce on the controller being learned as the PO methods proceed. Recently, policy gradient methods have been shown to converge to the global optimum of linear quadratic regulator (LQR), a classical optimal control problem, without regularizing/projecting the control iterates onto the stabilizing set (Fazel et al., 2018; Bu et al., 2019a), the (implicit) feasible set of the problem. This striking result is built upon the property that the cost function is coercive, ensuring that the iterates remain feasible and strictly separated from the infeasible set as the cost decreases. In this paper, we study the convergence theory of PO forH2 linear control withH∞-norm robustness guarantee, for both discreteand continuous-time settings. This general framework includes risk-sensitive linear control as a special case. One significant new feature of this problem is the lack of coercivity, i.e., the cost may have finite value around the boundary of the robustness constraint set, breaking the existing analyses for LQR. Interestingly, among the three proposed PO methods motivated by (Fazel et al., 2018; Bu et al., 2019a), two of them enjoy the implicit regularization property, i.e., the iterates preserve the H∞ robustness constraint as if they are regularized by the algorithms. Furthermore, convergence to the globally optimal policies with globally sublinear and locally (super-)linear rates are provided under certain conditions, despite the nonconvexity of the problem. To the best of our knowledge, our work offers the first results on the implicit regularization property and global convergence of PO methods for robust/risk-sensitive control. Our proof techniques for implicit regularization are of independent interest, and may be used for analyzing other PO methods under H∞ robustness constraints and non-coercive costs. 1 ar X iv :1 91 0. 09 49 6v 1 [ m at h. O C ] 2 1 O ct 2 01 9


Abstract Let C0 denote the set of all non-decreasing continuous functions f : (0, 1] →(0, 1] such that limx→0+ ƒ(x) = 0 and ƒ(x) ≤ x for x ∈(0, 1] and let A be a measurable subset of the plane. We define the notion of a density point of A with respect to ƒ. This is a starting point to introduce the mapping Dƒ defined on the family of all measurable subsets of the plane, which is so-called lower density. The mapping Dƒ leads to the topology Tƒ, analogously as for the density topology. The properties of the topologies Tƒ are considered.


In this work we study the effects of non-minimal coupling between electromagnetism and gravity, which are motivated by quantum effects such as vacuum polarization. We investigate the modification of both asymptotically dipole and uniform magnetic fields around a Schwarzschild black hole that come as the result of non-minimal coupling. While in both cases the magnetic field gets enhanced or suppressed with respect to the case of minimal coupling, depending on the sign of non-minimal coupling parameter, in the case of a background uniform magnetic field the direction of the magnetic field also alters in the vicinity of the black hole horizon. We have discussed the possible astrophysical and cosmological sources for which the vacuum polarization may be at play, while also discussing the observational effects, in particular the possibility of synchrotron radiation from the vicinity of a black hole. We conclude that such observations could be used to constrain the value of the non-minimal coupling parameter.


In April 2003, Chiquita Brand International's Audit Committee Chairman Roderick Hills met with the US Department of Justice (DOJ) to disclose the company's participation in making payments to the Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC), a right-wing paramilitary group in Colombia, in exchange for the safety of its Colombian subsidiary employees. Hills expected that the government would understand its actions in Colombia and levy fewer penalties. US Department of Justice Attorney Michael Chertoff's response to Chiquita, however, was ambiguous. Chiquita then decided to sell its Colombian operations, but its management there insisted that a failure to make one last payment before the sale was consummated would create a severe risk that some employee would be killed.
Excerpt
UVA-BRI-1006
Feb.7, 2012
CHIQUITA AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
This kind of conversation happens all the time. When you have a problem, you get on a plane with your lawyers to Washington and talk to the official involved and say, "We have a problem." That's the drill.
—James D. Cox, Duke University law professor
Chiquita's Board Transition
. . .


The Google Earth Engine (GEE) portal provides enhanced opportunities for undertaking earth observation studies. Established towards the end of 2010, it provides access to satellite and other ancillary data, cloud computing, and algorithms for processing large amounts of data with relative ease. However, the uptake and usage of the opportunity remains varied and unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the usage patterns of the Google Earth Engine platform and whether researchers in developing countries were making use of the opportunity. Analysis of published literature showed that a total of 300 journal papers were published between 2011 and June 2017 that used GEE in their research, spread across 158 journals. The highest number of papers were in the journal Remote Sensing, followed by Remote Sensing of Environment. There were also a number of papers in premium journals such as Nature and Science. The application areas were quite varied, ranging from forest and vegetation studies to medical fields such as malaria. Landsat was the most widely used dataset; it is the biggest component of the GEE data portal, with data from the first to the current Landsat series available for use and download. Examination of data also showed that the usage was dominated by institutions based in developed nations, with study sites mainly in developed nations. There were very few studies originating from institutions based in less developed nations and those that targeted less developed nations, particularly in the African continent.


In this paper, we propose a method for combining audio and video for segmentation and classification. The objective of segmentation is to detect the category change point such news to advertisement. The classification system classify the audio-video data into one of the predefined categories such as news, advertisement, sports, serial and movies. Mel frequency cepstral coefficients( MFCC) are used as acoustic features and color histogram is used as visual features for segmentation and classification. Support vector machine(SVM) and autoassociative neural network(AANN) models are used for segmentation and classification. The evidence from audio and video are combined using weighted sum rule for both segmentation and classifications.


This work presents a method for constructing general multiscale methods for periodic structures. Contrary to classical approaches, such as first order homogenization, its scope is independent of both the size of the unit cell and the external forces acting on the structure. The flavor of the approach is to regard the equilibrium of the structure as a domain decomposition problem in which simplifications are made in the way subdomains deform, and also in the way subdomains interact with each other. The employed domain decomposition technique is the so-called Localized Lambda Method [2, 3]. Domain displacements, Lagrange multipliers and interface displacements are approximated as linear combinations of dominant modes. Such modes, in turn, are obtained via dimensionality reduction tools (the Singular Value Decomposition) from 3D numerical experiments. Evaluation of the tangent stiffness matrix of each domain is made using a reduced-order integration technique —the Empirical Cubature Method [1]. It is shown that the computational cost of solving the partitioned system depends only on the number of domains in the partition, but not on the size of the finite element discretization of each partition. Recovery of 3D fields can be made in a post-process stage via simple matrix multiplication. The performance of the method is illustrated with prismatic and cellular structures. It is shown that in the former case (in which the subdomains are "slices"), if the fictitious interface are constrained to remain plane, the resulting system of equations has the same format as the one obtained in a classical finite element beam method, yet with the remarkable difference that the proposed scheme furnishes stress and displacement fields that are totally consistent with results computed using a full-order, 3D formulation.


Astrocytes will la rgely proliferate after brain injury. These reactive astrocytes can decrease the toxic injury of excitatory amino acids and buffer the K+ and H+, reduce tra nsmission inhibition, antagonize oxidative damage and lactate accumulation, thus elaborates its beneficial effect. At the same time, these reactive astrocytes m ay involve in inflammatory cascade reaction after brain injury and cause the sec ondary injury. A large number of the proliferated astrocytes have become the bar rier in axonal regeneration and synaptic reconstruction, which influence the rec overy of function after brain injury.

Key words:
astrocyte; brain injury


J/P Associates is a consulting firm which implements school-wide, whole-system programs of Direct Instruction. Administrators as well as teachers and ancillary personnel receive pre-service and in-service training including in-classroom coaching to conduct high quality Direct Instruction lessons. The critical indicator of teacher performance is student learning, which is evaluated using both program-based criterion-referenced, as well as norm-referenced (standardized achievement), tests. Teaching is adjusted as needed based on student performance. In an evaluation, when a school implemented this on its own, significant achievement gains were noted. When then again implemented with appropriate support and training, scores increased even more. Some classes of mostly minority students obtained top scores in the state.


I could begin this letter by asking how you are. I could say something like, "Hello," or, "It's been a long time." I won't do those things, though, because I'm sure you know that it's been a long time, and because if I saw you on the street, I wouldn't say "Hello." I won't ask you how you are, maybe because I don't know what I want the answer to be, or maybe because I don't care. Maybe I don't care how you are now, only how you will be once this letter is finished. Maybe I only care if you'll change. I could say that I miss you, but I'm not sure if that's true. So, now that we have eliminated those possibilities, what's left? The letter has been started, and unless I throw it away, even if I never send it, something must be said. So I suppose I will settle for saying that when I told Erika I would be writing to you, she asked if I would be honest. I told her that I would be as honest as I ever am, which is not at all really, and she said that was for the best. She said you would be expecting that. Expecting a string of half-truths. She was always rooting for you, Erika was. Do you know that I am engaged? I thought maybe that someone had told you. Did you smile when you


glucose and fructose. This reaction is catalysed by sucrose synthase ( EC 188.8.131.52) (Copeland, 1990). A novel cDNA clone, functionally expressed in E. coli, Invertases can be divided into two classes, the acid was isolated from a L. temulentum L. cDNA library. invertases, with pH optima in the range 4‐5.5, and the The expressed protein hydrolysed sucrose with an alkaline/neutral invertases with pH optima in the range apparent K m of approximately 18 mM, and produced 7‐8. The acid invertases can be further divided into equi-molar concentrations of glucose and fructose. soluble and insoluble forms. The soluble acid invertases Optimum activity was observed at pH 7‐7.5; there was are believed to reside in the vacuole while the insoluble little or no activity at pH 5.5. The expressed protein acid invertases are associated with the cell wall (Leigh did not hydrolyse raffinose, stachyose or maltose. The et al., 1979; Faye et al., 1986; Lauriere et al., 1988; activity of the expressed protein was inhibited by fruct- Fahrendorf and Beck, 1990; Walker and Pollock, 1993). ose (50% at 15 mM) and TRIS (50% at 2.5 mM), but Unlike acid invertases (Obenland et al., 1993; Walker and was not affected by MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 or MnCl 2 . These Pollock, 1993), alkaline/neutral invertases are not glycosfindings suggest that this cDNA clone encodes for an ylated (Strommel and Simon, 1990; Chen and Black, alkaline/neutral invertase. Sequence analysis revealed 1992; Walker et al., 1997), and are believed to reside in little homology with published sequences for acid the cytoplasm (Ricardo and ap Rees, 1970; Copeland, invertase, however the invertase motif (NDPN) identi- 1990). Both acid and alkaline/neutral invertases can be fied in other invertases was present. Expression stud- found in the same tissue, and Zrenner et al. (1996) ies show that the gene encoding for this enzyme is showed that altering the activity of acid invertase had not regulated by sucrose accumulation in leaf tissue. little eVect on the activity of alkaline invertase in the same tissue.


The distribution of cholinergic markers was studied in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of the western European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) by using choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry. A dense network of AChE‐containing and ChAT‐immunoreactive fibers was observed innervating all layers of the MOB except the olfactory nerve layer, where neither AChE‐ nor ChAT‐labeled elements were found. The highest density of AChE‐ and ChAT‐positive axons was found in the glomerular layer (GL)/external plexiform layer (EPL) boundary, and in the internal plexiform layer. This general distribution pattern of ChAT‐ and AChE‐stained axons resembled the distribution pattern found in rodents. Nevertheless, some interspecies differences, such as the lack of atypical glomeruli in the hedgehog, were also found. In addition to fibers, a population of noncholinergic and presumably cholinoceptive AChE‐active neurons was observed in the hedgehog. All mitral and tufted cells of the hedgehog MOB showed a dark AChE staining unlike previous observations in the mitral and tufted cells of rodents. As in other species previously reported, subpopulations of external tufted cells and short‐axon cells were also AChE‐active. Finally, a population of small AChE‐containing cells was observed in the EPL of the hedgehog MOB. The size, shape, and location of these cells coincided with those of satellite and perinidal cells, two neuronal types described previously in the EPL of the hedgehog and not present in the rodent MOB. The AOB of the hedgehog showed a distribution of AChE‐ and ChAT‐positive fibers similar to the rodent AOB. Nevertheless, a heterogeneous innervation of vomeronasal glomeruli by bundles of AChE‐ and ChAT‐labeled axons found in the hedgehog has not been previously found in any other species. As in the MOB, all mitral cells in the AOB showed a strong AChE activity. These results demonstrate some similarities but also important differences between the distribution of ChAT and AChE in the MOB and AOB of rodents and this primitive mammalian. These variations may indicate a different organization of the cholinergic modulation of the olfactory information in the insectivores. J. Comp. Neurol. 403:53–67, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


gastric acid secretion bybullfrog gastric mucosa invitro; spermine is muchmorepotent than spermidine. Unlike theH2receptor antagonists, thepolyamines arecompletely ineffective from thenutrient side andareeffective only fromthesecretory side ofthe chambered mucosa. Thepolyamine effects could bereversed by increasing K+concentration inthesecretory solution. Studies with isolated gastric microsomal vesicles demonstrate that thepolyamines donotinhibit thegastric H',K+-ATPase butgreatly decrease theATPase-mediated uptake ofH'under appropriate conditions. Forthelatter effects thepresence ofpolyamine within the vesicle interior wasfound tobeessential. Ourdata strongly suggest anuncoupling ofthegastric H',K+-ATPase system bythe polyamines. Thetherapeutic potential ofthese andsimilar compounds inthetreatment ofhyperacidity andpeptic ulcer is discussed. Arecent report (1) onthemechanism ofthiocyanate inhibition ofgastric acid secretion bybullfrog gastric mucosa invitro states


Biochanin A, the predominant isoflavones found in plants, had proved its human health benefits. The purpose of this research was to study whether Biochanin A (BCA) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) could improve solution and prolong the half‐life of BCA. BCA‐SLN was prepared by emulsion evaporation and low temperature solidification technique, and freeze‐dried powders were developed to improve stability.The mean particle sizes, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency (EE), and drug loading capacity (DL) of BCA was 176.0 nm, −18.7 ± 0.26, 97.15 ± 0.28%, and 6.38 ± 0.04%, respectively. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD) indicated that the BCA was wrapped and absorbed in the nanoparticles. The solution of preparation is much higher than the untreated BCA.Results of stability of SLN showed a relatively short‐term stability after storage at 4°C and 25°C for 15 days. Drug release of untreated BCA and BCA‐SLN was fit into the Biexponential equations and Weibull equations, respectively, and SLN showed sustained release properties. But after freeze‐dried, stability was improved, and the EE and DL had a slightly decrease. The mean particle size was slightly increased, but the structure was not changed. In conclusion, SLN systems can represent an effective strategy to change the poor aqueous solubility and prolong the half‐time of BCA.


This paper makes a strong case that there exists an underlying pattern to decision problems. To exploit this pattern, the decision order framework is developed to guide researchers and decision makers toward appropriate solution methodologies. This process is called alignment and is based on the duality of decision problems. The process is validated using a number of examples from quantitative research, decision-making, economic theory, entrepreneurship, theory of the firm, education, and eCommerce. Extensions to the decision orders framework are presented to offer insight into the evolution and decomposition of complex decision problems.


Simple methods from introductory statistics have three important roles in regression and multilevel modeling. First, simple probability distributions are the building blocks for elaborate models. Second, multilevel models are generalizations of classical complete-pooling and no-pooling estimates, and so it is important to understand where these classical estimates come from. Third, it is often useful in practice to construct quick confidence intervals and hypothesis tests for small parts of a problem—before fitting an elaborate model, or in understanding the output from such a model. This chapter provides a quick review of some of these methods. Probability distributions A probability distribution corresponds to an urn with a potentially infinite number of balls inside. When a ball is drawn at random, the "random variable" is what is written on this ball. Areas of application of probability distributions include: Distributions of data (for example, heights of men, heights of women, heights of adults), for which we use the notation y i , i = 1, …, n . Distributions of parameter values, for which we use the notation θ j , j = 1, …, J , or other Greek letters such as α, β, γ. We shall see many of these with the multilevel models in Part 2 of the book. For now, consider a regression model (for example, predicting students' grades from pre-test scores) fit separately in each of several schools. The coefficients of the separate regressions can be modeled as following a distribution, which can be estimated from data. […]


A method is described for the determination of current, power, electrical conductivity and the electric and magnetic field strengths in electrodeless inductive low-pressure gas discharges. A transformer model for discharge and induction coil is derived from Maxwell's equations. The method is applied to a low-pressure argon-mercury discharge excited between 3 and 8 MHz.


The utility model provides an interbody fusion cage tries mould, belongs to medical instrument technical field. Including straight hand lever, conduction pole, examination die head, be equipped with one in the middle of its characterized in that straight hand lever and can draw to screw out and become 90 jiaos supplementary horizontal handle with the straight hand lever, be equipped with on straight hand lever and the supplementary horizontal handle make supplementary horizontal handle draw screw out and reset after positioner, examination die head size portion terminal surface becomes the rectangle, and the two wide sides of inserting the contact centrum at first become convex, and examination die head portion cornerwise two jiaos or four corners become the inclined plane of axle center symmetry. The utility model discloses the structure that it strutted the lumbar vertebrae part not only struts intervertebral crack, simple structure moreover easily, the handle is difficult for keeping off doctor's the sight of performing the operation, brings the convenience for the operation, the examination mould is difficult to strut under the condition of lumbar vertebrae at the armrest handle, can strike the thrust augmentation through smooth hammer. In a word, it can save the apparatus cost, shortens the time of operation, and the doctor that conveniently performs the operation performs a surgical operation.


A crucial step in the history of General Relativity was Einstein's adoption of the principle of general covariance which demands a coordinate independent formulation for our spacetime theories. General covariance helps us to disentangle a theory's substantive content from its merely representational artifacts. It is an indispensable tool for a modern understanding of spacetime theories, especially regarding their background structures and symmetry. Motivated by quantum gravity, one may wish to extend these notions to quantum spacetime theories (whatever those are). Relatedly, one might want to extend these notions to discrete spacetime theories (i.e., lattice theories). This paper delivers such an extension with surprising consequences. intuition discrete spacetime theories they a of background structure theory's possible symmetries to structures and theories. doubly spacetime theories continuous translation and rotation the structures lattice whatsoever. of general covariance structure a background structure like a coordinate system, a the lattice structure supposedly underlying any discrete "lattice" the level of physical import as coordinates do, i.e., at the be set on a square lattice" any other lattice) any more than it could be "fundamentally set in a certain coordinate system". Like coordinate systems, lattice structures are just not the sort of thing that can be fundamental; they are both thoroughly merely representational. Spacetime cannot be a lattice (even when it might be representable as such).


Intracellular delivery of biologically active macromolecules remains problematic because of the bioavailability restriction imposed by the cell membrane. The cationic 11-amino acid fragment derived from human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) tat protein, termed TAT protein transduction domain, has proven to be an invaluable tool to deliver a wide variety of macromolecules across the plasma membrane and into intact tissues. TAT-fusion proteins are rapidly internalized by lipid-raft-mediated macropinocytosis after an initial ionic interaction, enabling previously unavailable large molecules to modulate in vivo biology and alleviate disease. Recent applications of TAT protein transduction to treat multiple preclinical models of human diseases offer an exciting opportunity for the development of protein therapies. Time is drawing near for the design of clinical trials using TAT fusion proteins.


The paper analyzes new sources of information on criminal cases related to digitalization. The study considers the issue on the reasonability of the "electronic evidence" concept introduction into the criminal procedure, the need for additional guarantees of the procedural form of information technologies related evidence. The paper examines the theoretical approaches and requirements, formulated in Russian and European legislation, on the peculiarities of the admissibility of this evidence in criminal cases. Admissibility rules elaboration is a defining moment in this type of information practical use. Another important circumstance is the formulation of the principle of proportionality. The principle of proportionality guarantees the preservation of the fundamental rights of the relevant entities and a system of legal remedies. Much more important is the issue of securing in the current criminal procedural legislation guarantees of observance of the legal rights and freedoms of persons whose interests are affected by obtaining data from various electronic sources in the course of a criminal investigation. Taking into account the invasiveness that accompanies the proper functioning of the new system of comprehensive digitalization, the development of guarantees for the observance and protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms is especially relevant to ensure it. Research reviews German criminal justice experience on this subject matter.


This study was conducted with an objective to determine the optimal negative pressure irrigation suitable for growth and development of eggplant. The total water consumption, yield, growth and development, physiological activity, and quality of eggplant were tested using a pot experiment in a greenhouse with four treatments, namely -3, -8, -15 kPa and normal irrigation (C). The negative pressure was maintained using a stable negative pressure irrigation device. The total water consumption of eggplant was decreased by 20.51–70.00%, the total water consumption intensity was decreased by 22.18–70.27%, and the water use efficiency was increased by up to 7.45–41.48% under negative pressure irrigation compared with control (C). When the irrigation pressure was controlled at -3 kPa, the nitrate reductase activity, root activity, and chlorophyll content were increased by 6.14–15.5%, 11.11–33.33% and 20.04–51.58%, respectively. The yield of eggplant was also increased by 12.43% compared with control. The soluble sugars, soluble protein, and vitamin C contents of eggplant fruits at different maturation stages were increased by 14.47–47.22%, 16.33–58.78%, and 19.64–43.42% at -3 kPa, respectively, compared with the control. Taken together, it was observed that stable negative pressure irrigation in the range of -3 to -15 kPa obviously reduced water consumption of eggplant, and had a water saving effect. Negative pressure irrigation (-3 kPa) improved the water use efficiency, physiological activity, growth and development, and yield and quality of eggplant. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers


COPYRIGHT © 2023 de Brito Alves, Monteiro, Sales-Campos and de Souza. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Probiotics for nutrition research in health and disease


Images obtained from coherent imaging systems such as laser, sonar, radar, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ultrasound are often corrupted by a phenomenon known as image speckle. Speckle is characterized as multiplicatively signal dependent and may be spatially highly correlated noise. It differs from other types of noise such as the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) most commonly found in digital images. Observed from a human or computer vision point of view speckle gives a granular patterned appearance to images, thus obscuring underlying image details. -- Gradient methods taking differences between pixel values may give inconsistent estimates regarding true edge pixels and therefore are not suited for use with speckled images. By contrast, taking ratios between the pixel values tends to factor out the multiplicative noise effect present in speckled images and to generate meaningful edge maps for these images. But these methods generate thick and ambiguous edge maps, and may also require gradient information supporting the ratio edge strength values in order to generate better edge maps on speckled images. This thesis investigates methods to improve the performance of existing speckle specific edge detection operators. A ratio edge detector based on maximum strength edge pruning (MSPRoA) which uses both edge strength magnitude and direction is proposed. -- The MSPRoA method is different from previous methods in that it uses the edge orientation information that is implicitly expressed in some other ratio based methods,explicitly, thus enabling the generation of precise and well defined edge maps for speckled images. The MSPRoA method does not require either gradient information or edge thinning operators and hence computational savings are achieved. The use of the MSPRoA at multiple scales in order to extract edge information at both micro and macro levels is also suggested. The MSPRoA and multi-scale MSPRoA methods are tested using both synthetic and real airborne SAR images of varying scene contents and business. Test results which confirm the suitability of the method for use on speckled images are presented. The use of the MSPRoA method is recommended for detecting edges images in which speckle phenomena are manifest.


Previous research studies have clearly shown that failure of foot ulcer healing can eventually lead to amputation. It is therefore important that the diagnosis and treatment of ulcers is both timely and effective. Two major classes of regulators of extracellular matrix (ECM) - growth factors and the group of enzymes termed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) - and their effect on healing diabetic wounds are the focus of this study. A number of animal models of wound healing are also discussed, with the aim of developing strategies to improve the rate of tissue repair in diabetes.


In a companion paper [PT98], we introduced a local type inference method for inferring type arguments to polymorphic functions. We show here how our method can be extended to handle Cardelli and Wegner's Kernel Fun variant of F .


This paper analyzes the key role of time synchronization in the construction of ground-based PNT, and an ultra long distance time synchronization system based on optical fiber time transfer and multi-stage disciplined clock is constructed. Firstly, optical fiber based on WDM is selected as the main time transfer method, and the transmission delay error under the variation of temperature is analyzed emphatically, theoretical and simulation results show that the time transfer accuracy under compensation of 100km optical fiber is on the order of ps. Secondly, a multi-stage long-distance transmission scheme without erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is proposed and accurate frequency regulation is realized by designing Kalman filter algorithm. Finally, a 1010.2km ultra long ground-based optical fiber time synchronization platform is built to evaluate the system performance and synchronization accuracy. Experimental results show that, the 1010.2km ground-based time synchronization platform plays well in security and time transmission capability, and the overall time synchronization accuracy is better than 144ps(σ), 19.5ps/10000s under the temperature varying from -20 to 40°C, with the long-term frequency stability better than 1.26×10-15/10-5s; the positioning accuracy of the pseudolite system supported by this time synchronization system is improved from 10m to 0.5m.


This paper aims at evaluating the performance of two decision trees generated by data mining using the algorithms CART and C4.5 for a region-based classification of urban land cover. A pan-sharpened WorldView-2 image was used for classification, from which statistical attributes were extracted. The study area concerns a high standard residential neighbourhood in Campinas city, located in Sao Paulo State, southeast of Brazil. The Kappa index obtained by the classification based on CART algorithm was 0.70, while the result using C4.5 algorithm achieved 0.75. The structures of the two generated decision trees are quite alike, although the employed statistical attributes differ from one another. Considering the attained Kappa indices, one can state that both classifications presented satisfactory and similar quality accuracies.


Fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging has a high sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value in the diagnosis and differeniation betwen panreatic benign and maignant pancreatic mass, and also has an important practical value for searching liver, lung and lumph node metastasis, confirming therapeuic protocol and fellow up studying after resection of malignant mass.


The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document.


In recent decades, the hesitant fuzzy set theory has been used as a main tool to describe the hesitant fuzzy phenomenon, which usually exists in multiple attributes of decision making. However, in the general case concerning numerous decision-making problems, values of attributes are real numbers, and some decision makers are hesitant about these values. Consequently, the possibility of taking a number contains several possible values in the real number interval [0, 1]. As a result, the hesitant possibility of hesitant fuzzy events cannot be inferred from the given hesitant fuzzy set which only presents the hesitant membership degree with respect to an element belonging to this one. To address this problem, this paper explores the axiomatic system of the hesitant possibility measure from which the hesitant fuzzy theory is constructed. Firstly, a hesitant possibility measure from the pattern space to the power set of [0, 1] is defined, and some properties of this measure are discussed. Secondly, a hesitant fuzzy variable, which is a symmetric set-valued function on the hesitant possibility measure space, is proposed, and the distribution of this variable and one of its functions are studied. Finally, two examples are shown in order to explain the practical applications of the hesitant fuzzy variable in the hesitant fuzzy graph model and decision-making considering hesitant fuzzy attributes. The relevant research results of this paper provide an important mathematical tool for hesitant fuzzy information processing from another new angle different from the theory of hesitant fuzzy sets, and can be utilized to solve decision problems in light of the hesitant fuzzy value of multiple attributes.


Avenues of honour are a uniquely Australian, and primarily Victorian, form of memorial that were popular between 1917 and 1921. The evolution of Australia's avenues of honour and the cultural and political significance in the Australian landscape are discussed.


Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are the most common pathologies of the modern society, yielding frequency only to diseases of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Given the fact that they are occurred in a young, working-age population, as well as people in older age groups, the treatment of these patients consumed large financial resources, which results in a high socio-economic importance of rheumatic diseases in general. The article focuses on the prevalence of these forms of pathology in Russia and several foreign countries, material costs of the medical care of such patients (including direct, indirect and additional costs), the change of these ratios in connection with the increased longevity of the population, and the emergence of new high-tech methods of treatment, which led in some cases to a significant rise in the cost of medical services. There are discussed measures to optimize the treatment of these pathologies based on pharmaco-economic aspects.


Layout changes of airports yield often to a conflict with existing navigation and landing systems. In the treated case, a new rapid exit taxiway has been planned very close to a DVOR/DME navigation system. Effects on the guidance signal can be predicted only by adequate state of the art 3D simulation methodology which takes into account the planned geometry and the implications of the mutually coupled extended 3D-aircraft. Results are shown for medium sized B767 and large heavy aircraft A380.


By constructing and numerically solving the kinetic Bloch equations we perform a many-body study of the spin dephasing due to the D'yakonov–Perel' effect in n-type GaAs (100) quantum wells for high temperatures. In our study, we include the spin-conserving scattering such as the electron–phonon, the electron–nonmagnetic impurity as well as the electron–electron Coulomb scattering into consideration. The dephasing obtained from our theory contains both the single-particle and the many-body contributions with the latter originating from the inhomogeneous broadening introduced by the DP term [J. Supercond.: Incorp. Novel Magn. 14 (2001) 245; Eur. Phys. J. B 18 (2000) 373]. Our result agrees very well with the experimental data [Phys. Rev. B 62 (2000) 13034] of Malinowski et al. We further show that in the case we study, the spin dephasing is dominated by the many-body effect.


Digital has a growing place in national competition authorities and EU enforcement. Competition issues are threefold: vertical integration, emergence of a platform economy, and government…


In the last two decades, we have witnessed a remarkable progress in the development of biosensor devices and their application in areas such as environmental monitoring, biotechnology, medical diagnostics, drug screening, food safety, and security, among others. The technology of optical biosensors has reached a high degree of maturity and several commercial products are on the market. But problems of stability, sensitivity, and size have prevented the general use of optical biosensors for real field applications. Integrated photonic biosensors based on silicon technology could solve such drawbacks, offering early diagnostic tools with better sensitivity, specificity, and reliability, which could improve the effectiveness of in-vivo and in-vitro diagnostics. Our last developments in silicon photonic biosensors will be showed, mainly related to the development of portable and highly sensitive integrated photonic sensing platforms.


Large aspheric optical mirrors and lens are wildly used in high-tech industry such as huge telescopes and synchrotron radiation facilities. The measurement uncertainty of the surfaces is needed to be under several tens of nanometers. Current methods such as interferometry method are not available for measuring aspheric surface with departure over hundreds of wavelength. In this paper, we proposed a new method called improved 3D deflectometry method. Rotatable optical devices are applied to enlarge the measuring range of autocollimator with highly accuracy but small measuring range. Data processing methods are also proposed to improve the measurement uncertainty. Experimental setup is designed based on proposed method. Spherical concave mirror with curvature radius of 5000 mm is measured successfully. The repeatability (mean standard deviation) of 10 times measurement is less than 10 nanometers.


Chandra observations of the Cartwheel galaxy reveal a population of ultraluminous X‐ray sources (ULXs) associated with a spreading wave of star formation which began a few hundred million years ago. The brightest source in the Cartwheel, with a luminosity L0.5–10keV ∼ 1.3 × 1041erg s−1, was observed in this state for at least four years, and is probably the brightest long‐lived off‐nuclear source ever seen in external galaxies. A recent XMM‐Newton follow up observation allowed us to witness a dimming of this source by at least a factor of 2 over a timescale of six months. This has provided the first evidence that the source is compact in nature and is not resulting from the superposition of fainter individual objects such as supernova remnants. In its current level of emission, this source fits the X‐ray Luminosity Function consistent with an association to High Mass X‐ray binaries, but we cannot exclude the possibility that the source harbours an intermediate‐mass black hole.


Aspects concerning influence of UV radiation on outgassing processes in vacuum for acrylic copolymer-based composites are discussed. Mathematical models describing the outgassing processes in materials being subjected to UV radiation as well as deposition of emerged volatile products are given. Comparative analysis of experimental results of UV action on outgassing kinetics for materials with different filler/binder ratios at different temperatures is carried out.


We have developed a high‐pressure combustion facility that includes the following: (1) a pressure vessel constructed from standard stainless‐steel piping components; (2) an internal x‐y burner translation system employing inexpensive stepper motors and translation mechanisms; (3) two flat‐flame burners; and (4) an electronic gas delivery system, which is interfaced to a microcomputer. The facility is designed for study of high‐pressure flames by spectroscopic methods and should also aid in the development of spectroscopic tools for high‐pressure combustion environments.


This study describes the design and implementation of a simulation role-playing game (RPG), the web-based Supply Chain Management Game (WSCMG), which provides an opportunity for business and management students to experience the business environment in a virtual context. In the design and development stage, generic supply chain (SC) activities were analyzed, and a web-based SC management (SCM) system developed to support the RPG. In the implementation stage, the game was tested on a group of undergraduate students specializing in the study of SCM. As part of the learning assessment, the student players were required to report their SC performance and sales figures using an inbuilt online evaluation system which also facilitated peer and tutor reviews. An evaluation was then conducted to collect students' and tutors' views on the game's effectiveness. Positive feedback was received, supporting the proposition that the WSCMG can be an effective tool in facilitating self-, peer-, and tutor-directed teaching and learning.


The Fischer 344 x Brown Norway F1 (F344xBN) male rat has been shown to undergo many of the same age-associated vascular changes seen in humans [1]. However, limited research has been done to determine if the female F344xBN rat is a good aging female rodent model to study age-associated changes in the vasculature. Previously we reported cardiac increases in oxidative-nitrosative stress and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in this model [2]. Aortae from 6-, 26-, and 30-month female F344xBN rats were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and a trichrome stain to determine intima-medial thickness and fibrosis, respectively. Age-associated changes in expression and phosphorylation of proteins were measured by immunoblotting. Aging in the female F344xBN rat was associated with an increase in aortic intima-medial thickness, activation of p44/42 MAPK, and Hsp27 expression and decreased activation of NF-κβ p50. Hsp90 expression decreased with age in the female F344xBN aorta. There were no age-associated changes in activation of eNOS or Akt or expression of the apoptotic regulators Bax and Bcl-2. Taken together, these data are consistent with the possibility that the female F344xBN rat may be an appropriate animal model to study age-associated changes in the cardiovascular system.


Product in powder form to clarify blond based on a per-compound solid, which comprises at least one silicone elastomer selected from polymers which are obtained by crosslinking (I) polysiloxanes containing Si-H groups with (lla) an alpha, omega or (llb) -diene one vinylpolysiloxane in the presence of a catalyst and a solvent.


An important aspect of early film production which has remained largely unexplored is that related to the manufacture and marketing of cine-film stock. During the international expansion of industrialised cinematography – from 1905 to 1912 – the Parisian film production companies struggled against the norms dictated by the Eastman Kodak Company, which held a virtual world-wide monopoly on the manufacture of cine film. The first part of this essay presents some aspects of the development of cine-film manufacturing and marketing in Europe with particular regard to Franco-German co-operation. The second half focuses on the growth of AGFA's cine-film manufacturing facilities, the Filmfabrik, during the First World War.


Texture plays an important role in image processing analysis. It can be defined as the pattern describing a surface due to variations of data at scales smaller than the scale of interest. The study of texture permits to characterize and discriminate regions in images. In some cases objects can be masked by texture and removing the texture facilitates the detection of the object. One of the most important topics of image analysis based on texture is to automate the visual inspection of surface in materials. This type of analysis is commonly performed by human experts offering subjective results and being unhealthy for the inspectors. Therefore an automated inspection system converts traditional subjective inspections into objective ones. Several techniques for two-dimensional texture analysis have been developed, increasing the role of texture analysis in practical industrial applications. Specifically Local Binary Pattern (LBP) techniques have proved to be successful for texture classification and texture characterization in related domains.we extend the LBP technique by describing structures around the given pixel. For this, we propose to evaluate the relationship between the points on the circles with different radii around a central pixel. The connections are binarized and placed into a matrix, which can be evaluated using symmetry to group similar versions of patterns.


Objective To compare the therapeutic effect among chronic sinusitis cases treated by Nasosinusitis Relieving Decoction (NRD) and ones treated by routine therapy. Methods Included in this study were 124 cases with chronic sinusitis, divided randomly into two groups, with 68 cases in treating group (TG) and 56 in controlling one (CG) respectively. The cases in TG were treated by NRD and those cases in CG treated by Nasosinu sitis Oral Liquid (NOL) as the controls. Then, a comparison with their therapeutic effect was made between these two groups by the end of the therapeutic course.Results The effective rate with the therapy was 97.06 % for those of TG and it was 89.28 % among those of CG, with a significant difference in the therapeutic effects between them (P0.01).Conclusion Nasosinusitis Relieving Decoction is effective for the treatment of chronic sinusitis.


Background: To look into circumstances in which parents offer mobile media to their children in an urban, lowmiddle income community from North India. Methods: Cross sectional study, enrolled 354 children from 6 months to 12 years coming for a well visit or immunization, at a tertiary care hospital from August 2016 to July 2017. A study questionnaire adopted from zero to eight common sense media nationwide survey 2013, USA used to assess the circumstances in which parents offer mobile media to their children. Results: A total of 354 children were enrolled in the study; 56.5% were male and 43.5% female. All of study population had access to handheld mobile devices (75% to smart phones, and 25% to ordinary mobile phones). The most common reason for offering mobile phone to children in all age groups was to console them while crying (73.7%). Other reasons were making them calm while travelling (42.9%), feeding the child (31.6%), and household chores (22.0%). YouTube was the most frequently used app in all age groups. Conclusions: Reasons for offering mobile media devices by parents to their children seen in this study were actually avoidable. It is the ease of parents and lack of awareness regarding optimal media uses which leads to these circumstances.


The improvement of reading skills and the mastery of reading ability are the key and difficult points in the learning process of English learners. Reading is an important means to acquire knowledge and improve skills, and the process of completing reading comprehension is also a complex psychological process. The construction of mental schema structure in learners' reading process affects the quality of reading. In this paper, from the perspectives of psycholinguistics, and through the research to the learners' reading psychological schema in the process of constructing discusses how to cultivate learners' relatively independent complete the reading process, how to construct psychological schema to achieve the overall understanding of reading comprehension, learning methods, thereby improving English reading comprehension to improve learners' English reading comprehension.


The incidence of urinary bladder hernia accompanying inguinal hernias is 1-4%. Herniation of the urinary bladder into the inguinal canal and scrotum can cause urinary retention and hydronephrosis, bladder necrosis, and renal dysfunction. This study presents a case that underwent emergency surgery for an incarcerated inguinal hernia. The hernia sac included the urinary bladder in addition to bowel segments. An attempt to save the ischemic bladder wall during partial bowel resection failed, and the patient developed a vesicocutaneous fistula. The fistula was repaired, and the ischemic bladder wall was resected. During the repair of an inguinal hernia, general surgeons and urologists must be aware of this rare condition and work together in terms of patient management. Although the bladder-sparing approach can be performed in cases without signs of severe bladder ischemia, patients should be followed closely for complications related to ischemia.


Introduction Recently, considering the fact that access to high quality feed stuffs is limited, using agricultural by-products in animal nutrition has taken to consideration. Effective use of these products as alternative energy source for ruminant feeding is important for economical and environmental reasons. Major limitation for using agricultural by-products as ruminant feed stuffs is their low digestibility because of cellulose crystallinity and close physical association between structural carbohydrates and lignin. Physical (soaking, milling and steaming), chemical (alkaline, acidic and oxidative agents), and biological (enzymes, white rot fungi and mushroom) processing methods have been used extensively to break down lignocellulose structure of crop residues. Irradiation is another physical processing because of its effectiveness without any side effects on environment. The concept of feedstuff irradiation refers to using ionizing radiations of gamma ray (GR) or electron beam (EB). The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of EB, hydrobromic acid (HBr) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the chemical composition and ruminal degradability of vetch wastes. Materials and method Vetch wastes were prepared from Fars province farms. For the EB processing, samples were subjected to 10 MeV EB of Rhodotron accelerator to doses of 150 and 200 kGy. Irradiated and unirradiated samples were sprayed with HBr and H2O2. 60 ml HBr diluted in 250 ml distilled water /kg of dry matter (DM). In order to processing with H2O2, first the samples pretreated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 80 g/kg DM) to attain and maintain a pH of 11.5, then 132 ml H2O2 (purity: 35%) were added. Treated samples were then placed into plastic bags, tied up and stored under anaerobic conditions for 18 days. Then the bags were opened and samples dried by exposure to air. Chemical composition of the samples was determined using the standard methods. Ruminal degradability trial was carried out by the nylon bag technique. Crystallinity degree of the samples was investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The resulting data of the study were analyzed by the SAS software.
Results and Discussion Processing was effective on the chemical composition of the vetch wastes (P<0.05). All treatments increased the ash, but decreased the organic matter (OM). Crude protein (CP) was increased by HBr, EB (150 and 200 kGy) and HBr+EB (150 kGy). Treatments reduced the crude fiber (CF) content. The most decrease was observed in EB (150 kGy) treatment. Decrease of CF in agricultural residues by irradiation treatment could be a result of degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose into soluble materials. It is found that under irradiation, cell wall constituents undergo degradation, which is due to the breaking off the glucosidal bond and modification in their structures. Modification may be due to several factors that finally lead to the opening of the anhydroglucose ring.
Processing led to an increase of effective rumen degradability (ERD) of DM at outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 h-1 (P< 0.05). EB (150 and 200 kGy) and the combination of EB with the chemical compounds had the greatest effect on increasing this trait. By examining XRD pattern, it was revealed that all the treatments led to a reduction in crystallinity degree of vetch wastes samples. It is demonstrated that the use of alkaline H2O2, which leads to degradation and solubilisation of lignin, greatly improved cellulose digestibility of agricultural residues. Furthermore the increases reported for CF degradability by HBr could be attributed to a decrease in cell-wall constituents or in lignocellulosic materials, which was probably matched by an increase in the more soluble and easily-digestible forms of carbohydrates. The improvement in the effective degradability of the CF with irradiation is likely to be due to a combination of the decreased particle size increasing the surface area exposed for microbial attachment, the alteration in the chemical composition (especially the reduction in the CF content), depolymerization and the composition of the cellulose and hemicelluloses, and serious weakening of the cellulosic fiber. A reduction in crystallinity of the cellulose is another reason for the increasing degradability of the processed samples

Conclusion Totally, the results of this research showed that processing was effective on the improvement of vetch wastes nutritional value. Treatments EB, HBr and their combination had a greater effect on chemical composition and degradability parameters of DM.


Abstract Objectives Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is a useful test for differential diagnosis of central vs. ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS). We provide a description of the protocol used in our Center and an analysis of its diagnostic accuracy. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 28 patients who underwent BIPSS combined with corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation. The procedure is performed in an interventional neuroradiology suite, involving a multidisciplinary team of neuroradiologists, endocrinologists and laboratory professionals. The two petrosal sinuses are catheterized and a peripheral blood sample is obtained simultaneously, at baseline and at 3, 6 and 10 min following stimulation. ACTH and prolactin are determined by immunochemiluminescence. Results A total of 19 cases of Cushing's disease (CD) and 1 case of ectopic CS were confirmed. In all cases, BIPSS provided accurate diagnostic guidance, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. In 8 patients, remission was not achieved after surgery. In 84% of catheterizations, ACTH ratio peaked at 3–6 min following stimulation. Patients with histologically-confirmed CD exhibited higher sinus ACTH ratios and values. Prolactin ratio helped us identify and exclude 28.6% of the samples with inconsistent results. Conclusions In our series, BIPSS combined with CRH stimulation demonstrated to be a safe, effective procedure. Prolactin emerges as a useful marker of correct catheterization. The participation of a multidisciplinary team is essential.


This paper deals with the evaluation of the horizontal seismic resistence of masonry bridges. These bridges are modelled as plane structures formed by arches and piers, with no tractions in the material. Only longitudinal statical actions are considered here. By the regular use of the fundamental theorem of limit design, it is possible to obtain an evaluation of the horizontal forces multiplier statically admissable and cinematically sufficient. The paper comes with a computer program, running on a personal computer, which can calculate the seismic intensity coefficient which leads the structure to the failure, given the following geometrical characteristics of the bridge as input: number of spans, dimensions of the piers, depth and span of the arches. Some old Calabro-Lucana railway masonry bridges are analyzed to illustrate the method.


This work examines the evolution of internal opposition to apartheid in South Africa since 1969. Tony Marx analyses the successes and failures of the opposition movement during the last two decades and pinpoints three distinct stages in black South Africa's struggle for a post-apartheid future.


Abstract Electronic nicotine delivery systems or electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming exceptionally popular in the world as an alternative to conventional nicotine cigarettes, both in smokers and people who have never smoked. Nicotine can induce lipolysis in adipose tissue, leading to increased serum free fatty acids (FFA). Increased levels of FFA are one of the key elements in inducing a pro-inflammatory response and lead to ectopic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disease. Our laboratory has shown that chronic e-cigarette exposure induces cardiac dysfunction, atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in the ApoE knockout (KO) model associated with increased levels of serum FFA. In this study, we investigated the role of adipose tissue in the metabolic changes associated with e-cigarette exposure. ApoE KO mice were exposed to saline, e-cigarette without nicotine [e-cigarette (0%)] and e-cigarette with 2.4% nicotine [e-cigarette (2.4%)] aerosol for 12 weeks. Western blot analyses from adipose tissue showed that mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%) had decrease levels of SIRT1 when compared to mice treated with saline or e-cigarette (0%). Transcriptomic analysis of the differentially expressed genes shows a differential transcriptional response to e-cigarette (2.4%) in adipose tissue in comparison with e-cigarette (0%) or saline. The RNA-seq examination using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) software, revealed dysregulation of fibrosis, agranulocyte and granulocyte adhesion and diapedesis pathways in e-cigarette (2.4%) -exposed adipose tissue. Overall, we found an inflammatory phenotype associated with decreased levels of SIRT1 in adipose tissue of mice treated with e-cigarette (2.4%). Understanding the consequences of e-cigarette use on metabolic disease is directly relevant to the development of policies related to e-cigarette use.


Background: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males of increasing age. It is the second leading causes of cancer mortality among the men throughout the world. There are many etiological factors are associated with increased the risk of prostatic carcinoma including male hormone and its active metabolites, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, racial difference, food habits etc. A pathway with an imaging test may decide which men with an elevated PSA and/or suspected digital rectal examination will undergo biopsy. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the feature and presentations of suspected harboring prostate cancer patients. Methods: This was cross- sectional analytical study conducted in the Department of Urology, Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from July 2018 to June 2020. A total of 50 male patients had undergone mpMRI of prostate and TRUS biopsy and histopathology were enrolled in this study as study population. All data were processed, analyzed and disseminated by using MS Excel and SPSS version 22.0. Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was found as 69.14±8.48 years. The most frequent complaint of them was frequency of urination in 84%. The mean S. PSA was found as 41.78 ± 28.097 ng/ml. More than one third (38%) of patients were found to have volume of prostate 41-60 cc and the mean volume was found as 57.26 ± 19.026 cc. The mean PI-RADS score of our respondent was 3.32±1.34 ranging from 1 to 5. As mpMRI of prostate, majority (36%) patients had PI-RADS: 4. As per the histopathological diagnosis, it was found that, 34% of study patients were diagnosed as benign nodular hyperplasia. On the other hand, remaining 66% were diagnosed as carcinoma of prostate. In this study, the range of Gleason scores of the participants was found as 6-10. Conclusion: PI-RADS score, mpMRI and S. PSA assessment may be considered as some prominent evaluation methods .....


[1] Industrial Experience. We collaborated on an industry-led assessment of Rodin/Event-B, and Tasking Event-B for code generation, with Thales Deutschland. The feasibility study involved modelling controller software, and the operating environment, of a simple fan controller. The aim of the study was to evaluate the complete Event-B methodology, from abstract specification to Java implementation. During the project various tool enhancements were completed. A list of 'significant' (Code Generation) feature requests was submitted, from suggestions made by Thales' engineers. They consider these features necessary for the tool to be useful in a production environment. The list could be used to guide future research and development.


Research resources for those with an immigration focused topic in Chicana & Chicano Studies Use our databases to find articles and other resources on your topics


Chapter 8 motivates accessibilism by appealing to William Alston's hypothesis that the value of epistemic justification is tied to reflection, an activity that is the distinctive mark of persons who can be held responsible for their beliefs and actions. Section 8.1 argues that epistemic justification is what makes our beliefs stable under an idealized process of reflection. Section 8.2 uses this proposal in arguing for the JJ principle, which says that you have justification to believe a proposition if and only if you have justification to believe that you have justification to believe it. Sections 8.3–8.6 defend this proposal against a series of objections raised by Hilary Kornblith: the overintellectualization problem, the regress problem, the empirical problem, and the value problem. Section 8.7 concludes with some reflections on the debate between internalism and externalism about epistemic justification.


A self-adaptive system is able to adjust its behavior in response to its perception of the environment. One challenging issue for a self-adaptive system is to deal with its variability. The self-adaptive system should manage their diverse functionalities and behaviors and select one of them depending on the encountered environments. To handle this variability, many adaptive systems adopt the feature model to represent their architecture. A feature model is able to set up all possible system architectures by representing the available alternatives and their relations. However, the relations between features are complex and intertwined with each others. These characteristics cause uncertainty which disturbs the decision making. Uncertainty means the incomplete and insufficient condition to make a decision. Thus, determining an appropriate feature under uncertainty is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a modeling process to support decision making under uncertainty for feature-oriented adaptive systems. By following the proposed process, the engineer is able to extract and design decision support model from the system feature model. In the decision support model, to mitigate uncertainty, we fragmentize the system features into several pieces including only highly relevant features with probability values between intra-and inter-fragments. Through these probabilities, the system analyzes the impact of uncertainty on a decisions and determines an appropriate decision with this analyzed information.


Purpose
Taking China as a research context, the purpose of this paper is to delineate how social and business tensions manifest in Chinese nascent social enterprises and to disentangle the strategies that they adopt to manage the business-social dual goals to achieve organizational viability.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative multiple-case study is used to collect and analyze data. Empirical data are drawn from in-depth semi-structured interviews with Chinese social entrepreneurs, ethnographic observation of social enterprises as well as secondary sources.

Findings
Depending on personal motivations and resource availability, social entrepreneurs' perceptions toward pursuit of dual goals range from integration to differentiation in the short term, despite consensus on the concurrent development in the long term. The leverage of resources, image management, continuous innovation and need-based services are viable approaches that Chinese social enterprises adopt to manage the dual goals in order to create both social and economic value.

Research limitations/implications
This paper reveals understanding of the concrete tensions experienced among Chinese nascent social enterprises in pursuing business and social goals and how they manage to integrate the synergistic aspects of social and business goals to achieve survival and growth. Based primarily on qualitative case study method, the research findings are context specific and may not be ideal for generalization.

Practical implications
The authors reveal strategies by which synergistic benefits between dual goals may be achieved. Innovation (e.g. in resource utilization, in service format and content) and differentiation (e.g. in organization positioning) would be beneficial in enhancing the competitiveness of social enterprises. To enhance organizations' credibility, quality of products and service should be monitored and organizational transparency needs to be enhanced.

Social implications
It is suggested that the government specifies legal forms and legitimates interests of social enterprises, formulates preferential policies to stimulate the development of social enterprises, and develops a set of qualification authentication system to regulate this emerging sector.

Originality/value
The study examines the manifestation of business and social tensions and presents dual-goal management strategies from a non-western perspective. As an original contribution to the field of social entrepreneurship, the study responds to calls for in-depth analysis of conflicting objectives and tension management in social enterprises.


Although there exist numerous urban growth models, most have significant data input requirements, limiting their utility in a developing-world context. Yet, it is precisely in the developing world where there is an urgent need for urban growth models and scenarios since most expected urban growth in the next two decades will occur in such countries. This paper describes a physical urban growth model that requires few, but widely available, spatially explicit data. Utilizing binary urban/nonurban maps generated by satellite imaging, our model can inform urban planners and policy makers about the most probable locations and periods of future urban land-use change. Using a discrete choice framework, the model employs a spatially explicit logistic regression analysis to evaluate probabilities of urban growth for a baseline period. It calibrates parameters, validates results, predicts urban land-use change and examines future growth scenarios. Future growth scenarios can be generated through the inclusion of land prohibited from development, transportation routes, or new planned urban developments. A novel and important element of the model is the incorporation of an explicit policy-making framework that captures and reduces model uncertainty (theory and specification uncertainties), effectively addressing problems of predictive bias; this framework also allows the user or policy maker to associate predictions with a loss function. The model is applied to three cities in southern China that have experienced dramatic urban land growth in the last two decades. From 1988 to 1999, urban land in the region increased by 451.6% or at an annual rate of approximately 16.5%. Results show that the model achieves 73% – 77% accuracy for different cities at 30 m and 60 m resolutions. Aggregating the predictions to the county/administrative district shows that prediction through thresholding underperforms in comparison to the technique of sample enumeration.


As a result of studying disperse composition and properties of the anticorrosive pigment prepared on the basis of large-tonnage waste of engineering production i.e. galvanic sludges and exhaust petroleum and edible oils, it is proposed recycling of these waste products with obtaining currently demanded conservating lubricants.


Introducing talents is the emphasis of personnel administration in university and plays a great important role in accelerate the level of teaching and research. Thus universities should dispose appropriately the problems such as system restriction, loss of talents, evaluation of talents, settlement of their family, introducing and cultivating.


In data mining, decision trees are one of the very efficient techniques for knowledge discovery. Decision trees are very popular due to easy intercept and understanding. One of the shortcomings for decision trees is the huge data available for analysis. The process of knowledge discovery can be break down into different phases for efficient knowledge discovery. In this paper, we propose a novel Priority Chunk Learning (PCL) technique for efficient knowledge discovery from the varied datasets. We extensively evaluated the performance of the PCL approach o the 14 UCI datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed PCL approach has performed better than the benchmark algorithms.


Acknowledgments 1. Police Corruption and Its Control 2. Defining Police Corruption 3. Measuring Police Corruption 4. Causes and Correlates of Police Corruption 5. Corruption Control: Detection, Investigation, and Discipline 6. Corruption Control: Other Functions 7. A Step Ahead: A Multifaceted System of Comprehensive Corruption Control Conclusion References Index


mon disease with characteristic disfiguring cutaneous lesions, which usually has a benign course. The clinical mani¬ festations vary and several types have been described: (a) a generalized lichenoid eruption with discrete papules over the entire body, especially the hands, forearms, upper trunk, face and neck; (b) a discrete papular eruption on the trunk and extremities; (c) localized or generalized lichenoid plaques over the whole body; and (d) urticarial plaques and nodular eruptions.1,2 Almost invariably, patients with pap¬ ular mucinosis have plasma-cell dyscra¬ sia and an M component in the serum. Until now, 27 such cases have been reported.13"22 The M components usu¬ ally have slow y mobility on electro¬ phoresis, and most belong to the IgG class. In all but three cases19"21 in which the light chains were typed, the type


For the first time phenolic compounds of Viola rupestris L. above ground part presented by phenolic glycoside arbutin, flavonoides, coumarins and oxycinnamic acids are allocated and studied. Hyperoside, rutin, vitsetin and orieutin are allocated from flavonoides, scopoletin is isolated from coumarins, caffeic, neo chlorogenic and ferulic acids were allocated from oxycinnamic acids. It is established monosaccharide composition of the carbohydrates presented by water soluble polysaccharides, pectins, hemicellulose.


A population of soybean thrips was observed on May 28 in a commercial cucumber field near Benson, NC. Single-row plots 25-ft long were established. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design with 70-ft alleys between blocks. Pre-treatment counts were made on 3 leaves/plot on May 28. A single treatment was applied the same day at the rate of 100 gal of water/acre using a 2.5-gallon CO2 pressurized hand sprayer operated at 40 psi with a hollow cone nozzle. One replicate of Sevin had poor coverage due to a clogged screen. Post-treatment thrip counts were made on May 30 and June 2. A vigor rating was made on June 2.


A multidimensional approach to children's physical literacy encompasses four interrelated areas: physical fitness, basic motor skills, daily physical activity, and psycho-social/cognitive factors. The basic goal of physical and sports education in primary education is to maintain physical literacy and to develop motor competencies of younger school age children. These significantly affect the deficiency of physical activity in the daily routine of children, which proves to be one of the most serious health risk factors. Physical activity of children should be stimulated at a younger school age in which they should engage in adequate physical activity for at least 60 minutes a day.The aim of this study was to determine the motor learning of 6-and 7-year olds, to diagnose the level of their basic motor competencies and to develop them under the conditions of physical and sports education in schools. We assumed a significant positive impact on the level of motor competencies. The experiment was attended by 84 pupils in the first year of primary school in Presov (Slovakia). The level of motor competencies was assessed using the MOBAK 1 test battery before and after application of an exercise program. The program included physical exercises, activities with non-traditional equipment and psychomotor games. The intervention lasted 6 months. A parametric t-test for independent samples, F-test to compare variances, correlation coefficient, and effect size were used to compare the results of our study. All tests were performed at α = 0.01 or α = 0.05. The statistical significance of the differences in the level of movement competencies between experimental and control groups after the intervention was confirmed. Gender differences were not confirmed. We conclude that intentional stimulation of psychomotor development and intervention in the motor competencies, which takes into account the developmental acceleration, has a positive effect on the tempo and quality of motor learning. This study was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research, and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences under Grant VEGA 1/0573/18 Movement correction of problematic behavior of pupils in a typical population and pupils with special educational needs who were educated in integrated conditions


This paper studies preservation of the convolution property under locally approximating functions for sums of independent random variables. Upper and lower bounds for limits of convolution ratios are given.


A field trial was set up to simulate a field margin environment to analyze sub-lethal effects of the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl on several endpoints of non-target terrestrial plants (NTTPs). Both vegetative and reproductive endpoints were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in an experimentally established field strip with sown species. The treatments consisted of 5 dosages and a control: 0, 0.0097, 0.0193, 0.058, 0.174 and 0.348 gram active ingredient per hectare (g a.i./ha). The plant cover, number of (flowering) individuals per species and fruit collection were performed and estimated weekly for a period of 4 months. At the end of the growing season, the total dry biomass per species was obtained and the collected fruits were weighted, counted and sieved to obtain the seeds. The seeds were counted and weighted as well, before they were used in a germination experiment to test the seed emergence of the F1 generation. The herbicide only affected the biomass of Matricaria recutita at the treatment levels tested (0.058 g a.i./ha and higher). Field dosages of 0.174 and 0.348 g a.i./ha differed significantly in the endpoint "plant cover" compared to lower dosages and controls. The F1 generations of Sinapis alba, Centaurea cyanus and Phacelia tanacetifolia were particularly affected at field dosages of 0.0193 g a.i./ha and higher, showing significantly lower seed germination rates. This would imply that spray drift of metsulfuron-methyl might lead to shifts in species compositions and succession in vegetation in off-crop areas adjacent to arable fields. Conducting germination experiments is necessary to investigate a herbicide's effect on the full life cycle of plants.


Based on Michel Foucauh' opinions that"dress is the tool of domesticating people"and that"it is the power measure besides violence",this paper points out that fashion magazines expressed feminist politics while spreading fashion.Therefore,the history of Chinese fashion is the history of Chinese women liberation.The paper considers the history of Chinese fashion magazines as a clue and analyses how the fashion magazines turned into a powerful tool of women's liberation and the designer and propagator of female politics from Qing dynasty to ROC (1912) and from the foundation of PRC (1949) to the Stage of Reforming and Opening.


Objective:Observing the depressant effect of Chinese formula Yifei decoction to the transplantation tumor of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in nude mice,investigating the possible mechanism of Yifei decoction on lung cancer's cell apoptosis.Methods:We inoculate the lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells on the nude mice to form transplantation tumor.The experimental rats were divided into five groups:normal group,oleum fructus bruceae group,high,middle,low dose groups of Yifei decoction group.CD95(Fas),Bcl-2 were detected by flow cytometry,Caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemical method,and the apoptotic index were detected by tunel method.Results:Yifei decoction can restrain the growth of the transplantation tumor obviously,and raise the apoptotic index significantly.The expression of CD95(Fas),Caspase-3 were negative control,the difference were significant(P0.05).The effect of the moderate dose up-regulated,and the expression of Bcl-2 were down regulated.Comparing with the Yifei decoction group and the oleum fructus bruceae group were similar(P0.05).Conclusion:Yifei decoction can restrain the transplantation tumor of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells in nude mice,and the mechanism may be related to inducing cell apoptosis.


This study is concerned with the temperature dependence characteristics of ultrasound parameters in biological tissues, which are basic on the noninvasive deep body temperature estimation. Used parameters are ultrasonic attenuation coefficient and sound velocity In order to accomplishment our purpose, several signal processing methods were used. Attenua4iorl coefficient was estimated by spectral difference method and sound velocity was estimated by P-P method. And we also examined these methods through a series of IN VITRO experi mentis that used tissue-mimicking phantom samples and biological tissue samples. In order to imitate the biological soft tissue two kinds of phantom samples are used, one is agar phantom sample which is composed of agar, graphite, N-propyl alcohol and distilled water, and the other is fat phantom sample which is composed of pure animal fat. And the ultrasound transmission mode and reflection mode experiments are performed on the pig's spleen, kidney and fat. As a result, it is found that the temperature characteristics are uniform in case of phan- tom samples but not in biological tissues because of complicate wave propagation within them. Consequently, the possibility of temperature measurement using ultrasound on biological tissue is confirmed and its results may contribute to the establishment of reference values of internal temperature measurement of biological tissues.


This purpose of research is to analyze the relation between meeting room facilities with buying decision by costumers in the Grand Inna Muara Padang. The type is the correlation. Populations in this study are goverment departments and private department which has been used banquet service in the Grand Inna Muara Hotel Padang period January-August 2014 about 135 departments which the sample about 78 departments which has been compare to 3 categories with taking sample sampling proportionate strafied random. Data collection based to likert scale. The result showed that: 1)Meeting Room Facilities are in the good category (56%); 2)Buying Decision are in the good category (42%); 3)Result correlation Perason Product Moment test with significance of 5%, showed that rhitung 0,457 in the rtabel 0,25-0,5, although Ha received. Keyword: Meeting Room Facilities, Buying Decision of Banquet Service


Abstract We set up a calculation for the ground-state binding energy of an on-center hydrogenic impurity in the simultaneous presence of intense high-frequency laser and static electric fields. It is shown that, although the individual external electric fields themselves act in a way to lower the binding energy of the impurity, one might accomplish a reduction of the weakening effects by considering the joint action of the two external fields. In addition, the variations of the binding energy of the impurity versus the laser field related parameter α0are adjusted by the external electric field. The position of the impurity binding energy maximum moves toward the higher values of α0on increasing the static electric field.


Abstract:Digital communication is changing the way we all associate, and it can impact how the group therapist finds and connects with clients on every level. The Internet provides instant access to communication without consideration of geographic barriers. Consequently, the psychotherapist is obliged to consider various uses of the Internet as he or she designs and carries out a professional practice. Although there remains little guidance for most professionals about the use of the Internet for asynchronous communication, video sessions, chat sessions, and so on, with clients, the author examines the boundary and ethical issues in the use of online communication with clients and suggests areas of consideration for professional organizations.


Opening my 1965 Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons yearbook reminds me that I had no African-American classmates. In the group pictures of the 3 classes following mine, I spy 1 person of color. Not 1 of the many faculty members pictured is African American. Today, 14% of Columbia's medical students are from underrepresented minorities (Hutcherson HY. Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons. Personal communication; 2003), as are 11% of students nationwide (1). Among the roughly 240000 doctors in general medical and family practice, about 7% are minorities (2, 3). About 64000 primary care nurse practitioners team with doctors in primary care practice (4), and while no data document explicitly the numer of minority nurse practitioners, fewer than 10% of all registered nurses are minorities (5). Despite some change since 1965, these numbers match poorly with the more than 1 in 4 American adults who are minorities: 59 million of 209 million (6). I interned on Columbia's service at Bellevue Hospital and was headed for chief residency there. However, Columbia University's plans to build a gym on the edge of Harlem led to community rancor, followed by riots, and New York's mayor asked Columbia to do penance by bringing new resources to Harlem Hospital Center. So, in 1968 I ended up at Harlema white, Jewish doctor working with 55 housestaff, each brand new to the medical service. Half were white; half were African American. One of the biggest problems that year was that our primarily African-American patients often complained when assigned an African-American doctor. Thirty-five years later, I doubt I'd encounter many patients with such attitudes. An article in this issue (7) offers evidence that times have changed. While not addressing patient expectations directly, Cooper and her colleagues provide insights into race relations in health care by aiming an unusual lens at interactions in primary care among white and African-American patients and white and African-American doctors. Examining practice in several sites in and around Baltimore and Washington, DC, they find that patients and doctors of the same race spend more time together during office visits. Patients with doctors of the same race feel a greater sense of participation and are more satisfied than patients seeing doctors of a different race. However, using Roter's widely recognized techniques for analyzing audiotapes from office encounters (8), the authors cannot confirm their hypothesis that better patient-centered communication explains the findings. Their data buttress a growing consensus that minority patients do well today with doctors who share their race or ethnicity. However, the study included a disproportionate number of older white patients seeing African-American doctors. While the authors adjust for patient age, they do not (and, given the limited number of younger white patients, probably could not) assess the interaction between patient age and physician race. If the older white patients had been divided more equally between African-American and white doctors, the authors' conclusions might have been quite different. Their findings may, at least partially, reflect prejudices that older white Americans may carry against young African-American doctors. Cooper and colleagues' findings move us to the top of a slippery slope. At a time when customer has become part of the medical vernacular, to what degree should we try to anticipate and cater to patients' desires? When a new patient calls our office, should we ask if he or she would prefer a tall or short, fat or thin, black or white, male or female, gay or straight doctor? By the same token, should we ask our doctors and nurses if they'd prefer young or old, immigrant or native-born, rich or poor, black or white patients? Given that separate but equal should never be a goal, any move that results in segregating some patients and doctors from others could prove ruinous. For me, today's concierge care is an excellent case in point (9). I agree heartily with the recommendation by Cooper and coworkers that the nation attract more minority clinicians into primary care careers. But that will probably be a tall order. Medical schools today are enrolling fewer African-American students (10), and careers in primary care are attracting fewer doctors, regardless of race (11). Add to that the extraordinary debts faced by so many medical graduates, especially those without the means to pay much tuition, and one doesn't need a study to predict that relatively few young doctors, including those from underrepresented minorities, will cast their lot with primary care in the near future. Given these demographics and their likely implications, efforts to improve communication, participation, and satisfaction by matching African-American patients with African-American doctors will inevitably fall short. So let's restate the question: How can we improve the way we work with all patients, regardless of our or their race? I propose 2 strategies. First, let's aggressively mobilize as active teachers both doctors and patients from the underrepresented minorities. Second, we should move primary care (and all of medicine) much more rapidly into a shared decision-making mode that highlights both patients and clinicians as individuals. Fine teachers are memorable, both for their knowledge and their personas. From what I have seen, over the past 20 years the growing numbers of faculty who are African-American, Latino, immigrant, female, and openly gay or lesbian have had a striking impact on the learning experiences of medical students. However, despite all the supportive rhetoric about affirmative action, in recent years I sense less energy among medical faculties for taking that extra step to attract talented minority candidates into prominent teaching roles. If true, it's an enormous mistake. The gains that come from role models and mentors are incalculable; virtually everyone reading these words can attest to that. Starting from my second year in medical school, patients I have cared for are among my most unforgettable teachers. Patients are central contributors to clinical education, and in contrast to minority doctors, there are many minority patients. Among them, the pool for all types of diversity is boundless. I suggest we mobilize them formally and widely. For example, in my hospital-based primary care practice, over the years I have had a diverse coterie of patients who have told me they feel privileged to spend time with medical students in the examining room and have repeatedly offered to do so. These patients deserve Harvard teaching appointments. With consumerism flourishing, and worries about health care shared by patients and doctors alike, having laypersons join doctors as partners in education carries infinite opportunities for all concerned (12). Finally, viewed in the context of U.S. demographics, I believe that the work by Cooper and colleagues underscores the importance of bringing shared decision making to the forefront of medical practice. The basic argument is simple: 1) Doctors know things patients don't; 2) patients know things about themselves that their doctors don't; and 3) drawing on both individual perspectives can yield the best and most satisfying care (13-15). Such process highlights both patients and clinicians as individuals and brings an invaluable perspective to clinical decision making. It improves process and may lead to better outcomes. In her autobiography, Dust Tracks on a Road, the African-American novelist Zora Neale Hurston wrote (16): My interest lies in what makes a man or a woman do such-and-so, regardless of his color. It seemed to me that human beings reacted pretty much the same to the same stimuli. Different idioms, yes. Circumstances and conditions having power to influence, yes. Inherent differences, no. If we work to understand better our own foibles as physicians and learn to see more clearly through our patients' eyes, we may confirm Hurston's insight. At that point, studies like Cooper and colleagues' may turn out differently. In the future, let's hope research demonstrates first-class patientdoctor relations, independent of race, socioeconomic class, gender, sexual orientation, and the myriad other categories we display in tables that amplify group differences and feed our prejudices, rather than reminding us to focus on patients and doctors as unique individuals.


Red light filtered cathodoluminescent (CL) imaging and chemical spectroscopy are combined with STEM imaging to analyze CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dot in rods. Shape and uniformity is shown in conjunction with the location of the selenide containing cores.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the determinants of international reserves in Algeria using economic growth and real effective exchange rate variables. The paper used quarterly data from 1985Q1 to 2014Q4. Design/methodology/approach - The study employs autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach known as the bounds testing method. The ARDL technique works well for small sample studies also. The current study assesses the influence of economic growth and real effective exchange rates on international reserves in Algeria by evaluating both short-run and long-run dynamics. Findings - The study establishes a long-run relationship between international reserves, economic growth and real effective exchange rate. It also reveals that economic growth has a positive impact on international reserves while real effective exchange rate shows a negative effect. Originality/value - This paper tries to provide a complete picture of the determinants of international reserves in Algeria. Foreign trade policy makers of Algeria can use the model estimated here to draw pertinent policies regarding international reserves.


Introduction: Poor product quality and high energy consumption ofmany control loops is due to the presence of static friction. This phenomenon is monitored by human in many industrials. The decision ismade based on human's brain which is not effective and reliable. Methods: A model-based method of stiction detection based on an artificialneural network (ANN) is proposed. The ANN which is run in parallel tothe process predicts a dynamic model of the process using data obtainedfrom control signal and process output. Results: It can be seen that theproposed method based on ANN can be replaced with human monitoring method. Conclusions: Capability of the proposed method of staticfriction detection for the process with the sticky valve is confirmed bydata obtained from the simulation in a control loop with sticky valve.


The article highlights the parallels between the historiographical narratives developed in Greece and Estonia in recent decades on the existentially vital events of the 1940s. It shows that, despite the different and even antithetical political directions the two countries took during the Cold War, similar patterns may be observed. By examining these patterns, we can identify the similarities in the evolution of their historical consciousness and arrive at conclusions concerning the impact of political change in the public historiographical consciousness and the subsequent impact of this constructed consciousness on new political directions.


The operational principle of passive detection radar based on outer radiation source is introduced.Based on the in-depth research study on operational principle of non-cooperation bistatic(multi) radar and the requirement for air target detection especially stealth target detection,a space-ground bistatic(multi) radar system based on navigation satellite signal is presented.The paper analyzes the feasibility of target detection using navigation satellite signal and the problems for system function realization.The system operational principle and detection performance is also studied.


In this paper, we address the problem of partitioning a shared cache when the executing threads belong to the same application.


This paper addresses three practical issues arising from applying singularity and unfolding theory on point/curve distance functions to any geometric applications: 1) the unfolding formulas that relate the perturbation of critical distances to that of the plane point are derived; 2) the theory is extended to the situation of piecewise smooth curves with at least C continuity at break points; specifically, the evolute as the bifurcation set is generalized to the extended evolute as the transition set; and 3) at each point of the extended evolute, which typically has self-intersections, asymptotes and line segments for a non-trivial generator curve, an inward normal or inward tangent that delineates the creation (of critical distances) direction is defined.


The distalization of mandibular dentition using orthodontic mini-implant is effective in treating patients with dental Class III because it does not depend on patient's cooperation and there is no anchor loss. During distalization of the mandibular dentition, appropriate force direction should be considered, which is determined by the position of the orthodontic mini-implant and length of the hook. In this case, we report a case showing successful treatment result of a patient with dental Class III malocclusion with hyperdivergent facial pattern using orthodontic mini-implant. (Clin J Korean Assoc Orthod 2019;9(4):249-258)


Oxidative dehydrogenation/polymerization of aromatic compounds such as phenol or aniline and derivatives has been reported using a peroxidase-H 2 O 2 system. In the search for alternatives for expensive peroxidase, it is important to provide similar advantages to those of HRP while decreasing the catalyst cost. Knowledge of the mechanism details is important for achieving this objective. UV/Visible studies are useful to study mechanistic details and electronic changes in the compounds. These data are reported for the reaction of Catalase from Aspergillus Niger (CAP), Peroxidase from Horseradish (HRPC), Hematin and 2,6-bis[1-2,6-diisopropylphenyliminoethyl]pyridine inon(n) chloride (FeB) with H 2 O. Detailed spectral anlysis reveals differences for Catalase, Peroxidase, and model compounds in the presence of H 2 O 2 . The possibility of hematin of FeB-H 2 O 2 as models for the peroxidase-H 2 O 2 reaction is discussed. The published mechanisms for the peroxidase-H 2 O 2 and Catalase-H 2 O 2 reactions are analyzed. The results are discussed taking into account theoretrical studies on some key aspects of the mechanism.