SUMMARY

In cotyledons of 4 day old etiolated, dark-induced radish seedlings a high level of nitrate reductase was found after an induction period of 24 hours. The activity declined after a prolonged induction time. It was shown that the decrease in activity was not due to a decrease in uptake of nitrate. In the dark other factors must become limiting after induction periods exceeding 24 hours.


Superconducting transition temperatures ($T_c$'s) of MgB$_2$, Mg$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$B$_2$, Mg$_{1-x}$Na$_x$B$_2$, and Mg$_{1-x}$Al$_x$B$_2$ are studied within the McMillan approximation using electronic and structural information obtained from density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation. The density of states and $T_c$ of MgB$_2$ are both shown to be extremely sensitive to volume; in fact the density of states around the Fermi level is found to rise with increasing volume because of a prominent van Hove peak. Doping the Mg sublattice with small amounts of either Ca, which substantially increases the unit cell volume, or Na, which removes an electron from the unit cell while likewise increasing its volume, shifts the Fermi level toward the peak and thus both types of doping are predicted to enhance $T_c$; in Mg$_{1-x}$Al$_x$B$_2$, however, the combined effects of the additional electron and decreasing average unit cell volume are shown to decrease $T_c$ with increasing Al concentration, consistent with recent experiments.


Snow cover information is crucial to global climate change research and hydrological applications. Snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau is important to water resources and Asian climate. Based on high temporal resolution of geostationary satellite data, snow cover map with less cloud obscuration can be obtained daily. In this paper, geostationary meteorological satellite FY2E VISSR data is used to obtain the snow cover information over the Tibetan Plateau in year 2010 and 2011 winter seasons. Meteorological station observations are used to evaluate the performance of snow cover maps. In addition, MODIS and IMS snow cover products are used for comparison and validation. Results indicate VISSR snow cover maps show good performance in reducing cloud obscuration. MODIS snow cover maps present highest overall accuracy, followed by VISSR and IMS. VISSR and IMS snow cover maps show slight over-estimation of snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau.


B/L is the most important document in the international maritime goods transpo rt. The main legal problem is centralized in the carriers responsibi lity in fulfilling the right obligation of B/L. From 1920s to now, the carriers responsibility system has greatly changed and the chang es are mainly reflected by the three international conventions of Hague Rules,Visby Rules and Hamburg Rules. Although our country isnt the c ontracting parties of the three international conventions,yet the Mariti me Law of our country has absorbed and reflected the law adjustment r egulations of B/L.


An efficient nonuniform channelization method based on ACM(Adjacent Channel Merging) is proposed to extract large amount of radar signals with different band widths. The neural networks based on cosine basis functions are used to train the LP prototype filter coefficients in order to satisfy the ACM condition. Use this LP prototype filter to form windowed FFT uniform channelizer, then simply add the outputs of the adjacent channels and the nonuniform channelizer can be achieved. The propesed channelizer is simply composed of an FFT component and a few adders, so it has a smaller number of computations than DDC and TPFT channelizers. The computer simulation results given at last shows that the proposed method also has a good channelizing performance.


In this paper, the influence of the heaving motion on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the rotor-bearing system is considered. First, a mathematic model of the marine rotor-bearing system is developed on the short bearing theory in the noninertial reference system, in which the heaving motion is taken into account. Then its dynamic characteristics are analyzed based on the numerical integration method, such as the bifurcation diagram, the largest Lyapunov exponents (LLE), the steady-state response, and the rotor orbit and its Poincaré map. The results indicate that heaving motion has a great effect on the dynamics of the rotor system, which exhibits a period 1 motion at low rotating speed, with the increase of the rotating speed, the phenomena of the quasiperiodic, period 2, and double Hopf bifurcations appear. Its dynamic performance presents a period 1 motion, period 2, quasiperiodic, and chaotic oscillation.


Transferred-substrate heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have very high f/sub max/ and are potential candidates for very high-speed integrated circuit applications. We report a wideband amplifier with AlInAs/GaInAs transferred-substrate HBTs. A simple Darlington configuration with resistive feedback is used and has 13 dB gain, 50 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. This is the first demonstration of a integrated circuit in the transferred-substrate HBT process.


The reaction of F atoms with CH3Br at 296 K was studied using a pulse radiolysis/transient UV absorption spectroscopy absolute technique and a FTIR relative rate technique. The rate constant for this reaction was determined to be (4.46 ± 0.22) × 10-11. The reaction proceeds via two channels, 69 ± 5%, via hydrogen abstraction giving CH2Br radicals and HF, and 31 ± 5%, to give the adduct CH3Br--F. In the FTIR system the observed rate constant was 69 ± 8% of that measured using the pulse radiolysis system because the CH3Br--F adduct falls apart to re-form the reactants. The CH3Br--F adduct reacts with NO, with a rate constant of (2.25 ± 0.14) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, giving FNO as a product. There was no discernible reaction of the CH3Br--F adduct with O2 and an upper limit of 6 × 10-15 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was derived for this reaction. The CH3Br--F adduct absorbs strongly at 260−340 nm. The absorption cross section at 280 nm of the CH3Br--F adduct was (2.06 ± 0.31) × 10-17 cm2 molecule-1. A lower limit fo...


Tower crane operators are at risk of developing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) due to work schedules that require prolonged sitting with minimal movements. The aim of this study was to assess the discomfort levels associated with the musculoskeletal disorder and its severity on affected human body areas of tower crane operators while driving and handling of materials. This study was conducted amongst 32 tower crane operators at the construction sites of a high-rise building in Klang Valley. A Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was used to assess the MSDs levels and the affected severity on human body areas. The results from the QEC showed the body parts that were associated with a very high risk of MSDs were the back and neck. Other factors contributed to the high risk of MSDs among tower crane operators were identified as driving and vibration. MSDs among tower crane operators were evident from the QEC analysis. Therefore, it is essential to include ergonomic intervention in the workplace in order to minimize the risk.


The growth of GaAs thin films on Molybdenum foils was investigated in an attempt to find a low-cost substrate for GaAs. The films were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The film thickness was in the 2-4{micro}m range, while the deposition temperature was in the 650-825 C range. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the film morphology and microstructure, respectively. The film morphology in general, and the grain size in particular, were found to be strongly dependent on the growth temperature. However, the defect structure observed in these films was relatively insensitive to the growth conditions.


As one of the most famous craft-carving stones in China, Shoushan stone commonly consists of clay minerals, including the kaolinite, pyrophyllite, or illite group, which is the product of hydrothermal alteration. In Fujian Province, the Xiaoxi Formation of the Early Cretaceous is a critical formation containing pyrophyllite deposits (including Shoushan stone). Here, we carry out a geological field investigation of a typical section in the Shoushan basin of southeastern China to identify lithology and volcanic sequences of the Xiaoxi Formation. The section included four lithofacies: eruption facies, flood lava facies, sedimentary facies, and volcanic channel facies. The petrogenesis of these lithofacies demonstrates the evolution of volcanism, which is critical for understanding the formation of the Shoushan-stone-associated hydrothermal system. For the geochronological study, the samples of unaltered rhyolitic tuff are collected from the layers topping and bottoming a pyrophyllite orebody. The zircon U-Pb dating results constrain the age of pyrophyllite alteration during the episodic eruption. Shoushan stone is formed in an epithermal hydrothermal environment, so we suggest that high-quality Shoushan stone is formed by the hydrothermal alterations in the interval time of the volcanic episode (135–131 Ma) and after volcanic activity (<131 Ma). Furthermore, the Shoushan basin's stratigraphic section suggests that there have been large-scale hydrothermal systems in the volcanic basin during the Early Cretaceous volcanism. The stratigraphic correlation and geochemical results indicate that the Mesozoic basins in the Fu'an-Yongtai volcanic eruption belt have the potential for pyrophyllite deposit exploration.


Dielectric constant depends on the variation of soil water content, and the estimation of soil water content using time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been studied by many researchers. The purpose of this study is the development and application of TDR penetrometer (TDRP) in order to evaluate the soil water content according to the penetration depth. The TDRP consists of cone, sleeve, driving rod, hammer, and guide. Three electrodes, which are used to measure the dielectric constant of soils, are mounted on the surface of sleeve and, in turn, connected with coaxial cable and time domain reflectometer. To establish the relationship between the volumetric water content and dielectric constant, several laboratory tests by using the TDRP are performed in the specimens with a variety of volumetric water content. The experimental results show that the dielectric constant is strongly correlated to volumetric water content as polynomial equations with an order of 3. In addition, the volumetric water content calculated from the dielectric constant is similar to that obtained from the sample weight. In the field, a small sampler is used to compare the volumetric water content calculated from the dielectric constant with the volumetric water content obtained from the sample. The results of field application demonstrate that the volumetric water content estimated by the TDRP shows similar trend to the gravimetric water content of sample. This study suggests that the TDRP is effectively used to evaluate the volumetric water content of unsaturated soils according to the penetration depth.


A study recently published in the American Journal of Psychiatry suggests that there is an association between smoking during pregnancy and increased risk of develop ing bipolar disorder in adult children. The study aimed to, for the first time, assess the relationship between maternal smoking and bipolar disorder in offspring, which includes 'externalizing' symptoms among its many manifestations. Discussing the study, the authors commented "much of the psycho pathology associated with prenatal tobacco exposure clusters around the externalizing spectrum, which includes ADHD, oppo sitional defiant disorder, conduct disorder and substance abuse disorders. Although not diagnostically classified along the exter nalizing spectrum, bipolar disorder shares a number of clinical characteristics with these disorders, including inattention, irritabil ity, loss of selfcontrol, and proclivity to drug/alcohol use." The authors examined whether offspring exposed to maternal smoking in utero have an increased lifetime risk of bipolar disorder after accounting for other factors related to maternal smoking. In the study, partici pants with bipolar disorder were ascertained from the birth cohort of the Child Health and Development Study. The authors iden tified case subjects by using a combination of clinical, database and direct mailing sources. All case subjects were directly interviewed and diagnosed using DSMIV criteria. Comparison subjects were matched to case subjects on date of birth (±30 days), sex, membership in the cohort at the time of illness onset and availability of maternal archived sera. After adjusting for potential confounders, the authors reported that off spring exposed to in utero maternal smok ing exhibited a twofold greater risk for bipolar disorder (overall response = 2.014; 95% CI: 1.48–2.53; p = 0.01). The associa tions were noted primarily among bipolar offspring without psychotic features. The authors concluded that pre natal tobacco exposure may be one suspected cause of bipolar disorder. However, they pointed out that it will be necessary to account for other unmea sured familial factors before causal teratogenic effects can be suggested. Discussing the results, Alan Brown (New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY, USA) commented, "these findings under score the value of ongoing public health education on the potentially debilitating, and largely preventable, con sequences that smoking may have on children over time."


On the basis of the test data on the spot,the LP cylinder dynamic offset regularity and mechanism of a domestically made N200MW steam turbine were found and analyzed.A device was designed to prevent LP cylinder dynamic offset.The practical application shows that this device is very effective and may be used for reference in the LP cylinder and circulating water system de-sign and the safe operation of domestically made N200MW generating units.


After WTO entry, central bank will be more difficult to supervise foreign banks, so central bank should consolidate and increase lawful ability, control the number of foreign banks to open business in China and entry rate, arrange foreign banks to develop in backward areas and encourage foreign banks to deal with unhealthy assets of national commercial banks under the principle of equal and mutual benefit and suitable protection of national commercial banks.


The paper puts forward the methods and the train of thoughts for upgrading the location precision of hand-held GPS,through the comparative study of two methods for fixing parameters of hand-held GPS.From the internal matching stability experiments,it can be seen that the real-time,3 min and 5 min location precision are respectively 10.1 m,6.7 m and 4.6 m after getting rid of the error.Conclusion is that the real-time location stability is unreliable;location time within 3 min can guarantee the stable observation.From the comparative experiment by the way of parameters setting method,the mean square error in plane is 3.6 m and the three dimensional mean square error is 5.6 m while the setting method uses standard five parameters;but in simple five parameters,the mean square error is 4.9 m;in three dimensional mean square error is 11.0 m.To improve the location precision of hand-held GPS,the standard five parameters method is suggested.


AIM: To establish a microbiological method for determining the activity of ve rtilmicin in drug substance and injections. METHODS: Bacillus pumilus was used for testing the activity of vertilmicin through two-dosage method. RESULTS:Reliability test was performed according to the biological statistics a nd the confidence limit rates of the outcoming activities were all less than 5 % . CONCLUSION:Microbiological method can be used for determination of vertilmicin i n drug substance and injections.


Randomized multicenter clinical trials for the study of certain conditions with low prevalence in the population, and rapid enrollment of a sufficient number of patients in a short time to evaluate a new technique, are major needs in medical research. A multicenter clinical trial allows the researchers who are interested in a particular problem to collect data from several different hospitals all over the world in a single database. This minimizes selection bias through the analysis of a large and representative sample.1 At the moment, the exchange of data among research centers involved in a multicenter study is becoming too slow and expensive for the rapid development of today's medicine. Too many complex, expensive, and unreliable methods are used to collect data.2 The World Wide Web enables people to communicate in real time and to access a great deal of information.3 We studied a method to collect data from a large group of researchers through this efficient tool. The development of a Web site for data collection of a research project in the controversial field of mammary implants, in particular those prefilled with a carboxy-methylcellulose hydrogel, is here described. The main objective of this project, named Multicenter Hydrogel Group, is a multicenter evaluation study of the validity of these new mammary implants as determined by the frequency of a major complication, capsular contracture. We felt the need for Web data acquisition to rapidly provide a large sample, with an adequate follow-up, through immediate and easy information exchange among different centers. We discuss the security of an Internet database and a simple five-level security method developed from our group.


A tamoxifen resistant cell line (MCF7TAM) was established from tamoxifen sensitive MCF-7 human adenocarcinoma cells expressing estrogen receptors. The resistant cell line was found to express estrogen receptors to similar level as the parent cell line but the receptors were found to be altered, having lost their ability to bind estradiol or tamoxifen. The fluorescence of eosin-tamoxifen ionic association was used to investigate intracellular location of tamoxifen in both sensitive and resistant cell lines. Fluorescence emission spectra of eosin, tamoxifen and eosin-tamoxifen complex ((lambda) exc equals 480 nm) were analyzed and showed that maximal fluorescence intensity of the complex ((lambda) em equals 540 nm) was four times higher than that of eosin alone while tamoxifen alone did not emit any fluorescence in this spectral range. In MCF-7 cells, tamoxifen was found to be diffusively located in the cytoplasm and nuclear fluorescence intensity was significantly lower. No difference was observed in fluorescence intensity or location in tamoxifen resistant cells, although it has been previously correlated with clinical responsiveness. Improvement of this fluorescence microscopy methodology appears necessary to provide accurate results taking into account the complexity of tamoxifen resistance molecular pathways.


Introduction Earthquakes are the most unanticipated and catastrophic natural disasters. Due to its complex nature, it is challenging to predict earthquakes early. But the prediction of the time of occurrence, magnitude, and epicentral location of future earthquakes has been the subject of study in recent years. The use of the machine learning process has recently started in the field of Earthquake Engineering [1]. It offers advantages in handling complex problems and facilitates decision making which may evolve shortly [2, 3, 4].


In this work, we have studied the possibility of using a MEMS accelerometer to generate seeds for a secure cryptosystem. The noise signal generated by the accelerometer at rest has been studied and, after a post-processing process, has been used to generate the initial parameters of a stream cipher based on a piecewise linear chaotic map. The encryption algorithm has been implemented in a Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGA achieving a throughput of 200 Mbps using 390 LUTS. The resulting sequences generated by this system have been subjected to the NIST randomness tests, passing all of them, indicating that the whole encryption system is secure.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cosmetic industry, namely to creation of filler for oral cavity care and to method of oral cavity care. Filler for delivery to oral cavity contains soluble and insoluble parts and efficient amount of antimicrobial preparation, which includes synergic ratio of magnolia bark extract and surface-active substance. Method of oral cavity purification lies in application of product for oral cavity hygiene. EFFECT: claimed invention is efficient for oral cavity purification, breath freshening and antiinflammatory action and demonstrates synergic effect with respect to inhibition of growth of bacteria causing dental plaque formation. 15 cl, 13 tbl


In ISAR imaging, the nonuniform rotation would induce phase errors related to the distribution of scattering centers, which can't be compensated by a single phase error function. To solve this problem, an imaging algorithm based on phase history decomposition is proposed, which can compensate the phase errors induced both by translational motion and by nonuniform rotation of the target. Firstly, the phase histories of different scattering centers are extracted by signal decomposition and they are arranged into a phase history matrix. Secondly, we remove the effect of the translational motion by wiping the average of the phase histories off. Thirdly, the singular value decomposition (SVD) is carried out to estimate the rotation angle function of the target. Finally, the focused ISAR imaging can be obtained by compensating the translational motion and resampling the origin high range resolution profiles (HRRP). The proposed algorithm can alleviate the imaging blur caused by traditional motion and nonuniform rotation at the same time, and does not require the model assumption of the rotation. Experiments using simulated and field-measured data verify the validity of this method.


The purpose of the work consists in the im-provement of known control methods of automated control system working capacity. A possibility for con-trol of automated control system working capacity based on artificial neural networks (ANN) is shown. ANN must be taught. ANN training requires a large training sample, substantial costs, computer resources, time and has high labor intensity. Methods of investigation are modeling, methods of artificial intelligence, artificial neural networks. As a result of the investigation there is devel-oped and investigated a method of automated control system (ACS) working capacity control with the use of a neural network.


With the impulse of the modern science and technology,the development and utilization of the sea resources has been gradually transited from the development of the plane to the development of three-dimensional level,and people start to focus on the three-dimensional and hierarchical development and utilization of sea area resources.First,the paper researches concept, connotation and characteristics of three-dimensional multilayer property of sea resources,and determines that the three-dimensional multilayer property value of sea resources is greater than the property value of the whole sea resources.Second,the paper studies the three-dimensional multilayer property system of sea resources,which contains rights system,the initial allocation system,market system and protection system.The paper also analyzes the property system in order to provide theoretical support for the multilevel utilization of sea resources.


There is huge amount of biomedical and biological literature online or in digital libraries. Moreover, new research papers are published with an exponential growth in recent years. So it is pressing and challenging to mine meaningful topics from massive biomedical literature. The mined topics are helpful to researchers for literature exploration and topic discovery. However, latent topics inferred by traditional topic models are not always coherent and meaningful. In this work, we propose a new methodology to mine meaningful biomedical topics with a combination of several off-the-shelf text mining techniques such as part-of-speech tagging, base noun phrase chunking, K-means clustering and latent Dirichlet allocation, which endow our methodology with scalability and implementation simplicity. We conduct comprehensive experiments on a dataset collected from PubMed. The experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms a baseline method. We also perform a qualitative analysis and present meaningful biomedical topics and multi-word expressions.


The fracture reason of motor shaft was analyzed by means of shaft appearance analysis, metallographic examination, chemical analysis, mechanical testing and fractographic analysis. The results showed that the external cause of the fracture was the stress concentration from irrational key construction on shaft end, which resulted in original crack initiation under the stress concentration. High concentration of sulfur and low impact energy of the material of shaft was the internal cause of the fracture.


The operating mode is an essential factor affecting product quality and yield of the sinter ore, which inspires the realization of operating mode recognition. Taking burn-through point (BTP) as the decision parameter of operating mode, an operating mode recognition method based on the fluctuation interval prediction is presented. First, combining the principal component analysis and the fuzzy information granulation method, a fluctuation interval prediction model of the BTP is established through utilizing the Elman neural network. Then, the operating mode classification rules are built according to the data distribution of the BTP in the fluctuation interval. Finally, experiments are executed with the data collected from a factory. The results indicate that it can effectively predict the fluctuation interval of the BTP, and then successfully recognize the operating mode. In this article, the proposed method provides a valid reference to control the stable operation of the iron ore sintering process.


Rates of plagioclase crystal growth at constant temperature have been measured for a series of compositions in the system CaAl2Si2O8(An)—NaAlSi3O8 (Ab). A microscope heating stage was used at temperatures near the liquidus to observe and photograph the growing crystals, and a resistance furnace quenching technique was used at larger degrees of undercooling with observations and measurements made on quenched samples of heat-treated glasses. Results from the two techniques agree within the temperature range of overlap. Growth rates are independent of time and increase (at either constant temperature or constant undercooling) with increasing An content. The crystal morphologies for all compositions are faceted near the liquidus and become progressively skeletal, dendritic, and fibrillar with increasing undercooling. Even the spherulitic or fibrillar crystals may be faceted at the growing interface. Maximum growth rates vary from about 5×10−1cm/min at an undercooling of 150°C (T = 1400°C) for pure CaAl2Si2O8 (An100) to about 2 × 10−5 cm/min at an undercooling of 380°C (T = 960°C) for An20.


We demonstrate a buried grating coupled substrate emitting distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser with high power room temperature continuous wave (cw) operation at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.97~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. A second-order semiconductor/semiconductor grating is used for in-plane feedback and vertical out-coupling. A surface emitting power of 248 mW is attained in cw operation at 20 °C. Single-mode operation is obtained with a good linear wavelength tuning with injection current. The far field shows a low divergence about 0.14°<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \times 16$ </tex-math></inline-formula>°, indicating that the device operates in symmetric mode.


Photograph of California Crossing Park and its surrounding area in Dallas, Texas. The park, which is outlined by California Crossing Road on it's right side, sits near the top of the photograph and partially intersects with the Elm Fork Trinity River. Spur 348 is visible on the left side of the photo and Luna Road is visible at the top.


It is currently assumed that intonation may be used to indicate information packaging. Lambrecht (1994) has shown that a same utterance may be associated with different information structures and he distinguished between three types of constructions, which he named (i) predicate-focus, (ii) argument-focus, and (iii) sentence-focus. They are exemplified in (1) with English and French utterances, in which the small caps indicate prosodic prominence. (1) a. [context: What happened to your car?] My car/It broke DOWN. predicate-focus structure (Ma voiture) elle est en PANNE. (1) b. [context: I heard your motorcycle broke down?] My CAR broke down. argument-focus structure C'est ma VOITURE qui est en panne. (1) c. [context: What happened?] My CAR broke down. sentence-focus structure J'ai ma VOITURE qui est en PANNE. To determine the information structure of an utterance, a possibility is to consider questionanswer pairs rather than utterances in isolation. The intonative difference between (1a-c) is identified with the difference between the three types of questions presented as a description of the context of (1). And it is currently assumed that the context of a question determines the form of the answer and in particular its prosody (a.o. Krifka 2001). Yet, different observations seem to contradict this thesis. For example, in his works on C-Accent and implicational answers, Buring showed that a speaker displays different answering strategies : he can simply answer to the question under discussion (QUD), or answer it and by the same token add a new QUD. In other words, Buring showed both the importance and the limitations of notions of congruence and congruent answer to account for prosody in dialogue. The aim of this paper is to challenge the role of question-answer pairs to study focus and prosody and to show the importance of the notion of discourse strategy, which has to do, not only with focus and QUD, but also with the way conveyed information is structured (at-issue content vs. projected content) and the way a topic may be promoted. We would like present the results of two experiments on the prosody of informational focus in French (a production experiment and a perception one) which show that even in the context of an explicit question, the speaker may choose between different answering strategies. 1. Design of the experiments Our study concerns the realisation and the interpretation of utterances replaced the context of an explicit question. We consider both All Focus answers (2a) and Narrow Focus ones (2b). (2) a. What happened? [Jean invited Marie to the party yesterday night]F b. Who did Jean invite? Jean invited [Marie]F to the party yesterday night In terms of prosody, we distinguish two types of markings : (i) the placement of the nuclear contour (NC), which is a tonal event (cf Di Cristo 1999), whose variations convey different pragmatic interpretations, and (ii) an initial accentuation (IA) which may form an "accentual arc" with the following rising accent, or triggers a high plateau up to the following accent. IA or high plateau are generally implemented quite high in the pitch range (cf Astesano et al. 2007) First experiment: production Participants were presented with question-answer pairs embedded in short contexts like (3). The contexts and the questions were presented visually and auditorily. The participants' task was to read aloud the answer as if they were actually participating in the dialogue. Two types of questions are presented to 14 subjects: wh-questions (bearing on the object) and what happened?-type questions. We recorded 112 answers. Second experiment: perception We ran a perception experiment in order to check whether the productions resulting from the first experiment are recognized as appropriate in context by native speakers. 24 participants had to listen to 20 utterances and to determine to what type of question (what happened?- question or wh-question) each utterance had been produced as an answer. The aim of this experiment was to check whether the constituent resolving a partial question has to be marked by NC placement or whether IA alone is recognized as a way of marking it. 2. Results: two types of markings In the case of answers to a broad question (i.e. what happened?-type), 69,2% of them involve the placement of NC at the end of the utterance, whereas only 30,8% involve it on the right edge of the object. As for answers to a partial questions, object NPs are distinguished in three different ways: (i) NC on object + IA (49%), (ii) NC on object and no IA (11%), (iii) IA on object and NC at the end of the utterance (23,6%). The perception experiment shows that participants clearly distinguished between answers to broad or partial questions, and that narrow focus are recognized when they bear an initial accent without being the exponents of the nuclear contour as well as when they are the exponents of the nuclear contour. Accordingly, we conclude that narrow focus can be brought out either by NC placement or by an initial accentuation. 3. Explanation: direct vs. indirect answering strategies The results presented above lead us to dissociate focus marking from question/answer congruence. The data show that even when a question is explicitly addressed, Speaker may answer by accommodating another question. The answer is then an indirect answer, it is not the answer to the explicitly addressed question, but an answer to an implicit question (Roberts 1996, Buring, 2004). Our claim is that Speaker may answer indirectly to broad and to partial questions: in the former case, Speaker accommodates a more specific question, a wh- one, and in the latter case she accommodates a what happened?- question. When Speaker answers to a partial question by placing the NC at the end of the utterance and by highlighting the object, she accommodates a broad question, and that when she answers to a broad question by placing the NC at the end of the object, she accommodates a partial question. Then, the core of our proposal is that NC placement always marks informational focus (the content that is specifically asserted, as defined by Jacobs (1991)) and that IA plays a discursive role : or it indicates that the answer is an indirect one, or it indicates a "topic promotion", when it appears inside the constituent with the NC. In each case, it triggers the accommodation of the implicit question : "What about XP?". References: Astesano, C.; Bard, E.; Turk, A. 2007. Structural influences on Initial Accent placement in French. Language and Speech, 50. Buring, D. 1997. The Meaning of Topic and Focus: The 59th Street Bridge Accent. London: Routledge. Buring, D. 2003. On D-Trees, Beans, and B-Accents, Linguistics & Philosophy. Di Cristo, A. 1999. Le cadre accentuel du francais contemporain. Langues. Jacobs, J.1991. Focus ambiguities, Journal of semantics.Krifka, M. 2001. For a structured meaning account of questions and answers, in C. Fery & W. Sternefeld (eds.), Audiatur Vox Sapientia. A Festschrift for Arnim von Stechow. Lambrecht, K. 1994. Information structure and sentence form. Cambridge U.P. Roberts, C. 1996. Information structure in discourse: towards an integrated formal theory of pragmatics. Yvon et al. (eds.). OSU Working Papers in Linguistics 49


A mathematical model able to predict monomer removal and new volatile organic compound (VOC) formation during postpolymerization was developed. The model was validated in the postpolymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) containing latexes. Then, the mathematical model was used to optimize postpolymerization processes. In the optimal process, the quantities of both VAc (<50 ppm) and new VOCs (<300 ppm) were substantially reduced.


Commonly used parametric models may lead to erroneous inference when analyzing count or continuous data with excess of zeroes. For non-clustered data, the most commonly used models to address the issue of excess zeroes are zero inflated Poisson (ZIP), zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB), hurdle Poisson (HP) and hurdle negative binomial (HNB). Our goal is to expand these for modeling longitudinal data by developing a unified PROC NLMIXED based SAS® macro that allows for a grid search of parameter initial values to facilitate convergence. The motivating data set comes from a longitudinal study in an African American population with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes conducted at the Veterans Administration (VA) and Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) medical centers between 2009 and 2012. A total of 256 subjects were followed for one year and measures were taken at baseline and at month 3, 6 and 12 post baseline after the subjects were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: Telephone-delivered diabetes knowledge/information, Telephone-delivered motivation/behavioral skills training intervention, Telephone-delivered diabetes knowledge/information and motivation/behavioral intervention and Usual Care. The main goal of the study was to determine the efficacy of the treatment groups in relation to the usual care group in reducing the levels of hemoglobin A1c at 12 months. We used these data to demonstrate the application of this unified SAS macro that has the capability to fit the above two part/mixture models for zero inflated and correlated count data. The macro facilitates model comparison based on fit statistics, parameter estimates with corresponding standard errors and graphs. Moreover, the proposed unified macro address the issue of convergence by finding good initial starting values for the parameters and performing a grid search for the best estimation of the standard errors corresponding to the random effects.


The articles in this special section present the life and work of Yannis Tsividis, a reknown circuit designer who revolutionized MOS transistor modeling.


Combining with concrete project,the author introduces the prestressed angle-changing extension technology,provides sequence and method of prestressed estension,points out that the project adopts angle-changing extension technology,solves the contradiction of short project period,large work quantity,wide work range and high requirements on project quality,which accumulates experiences for railway platform floor construction.


The article reveals the features of the bear's image that have developed in the folklore and linguoculture of the Omsk Irtysh region, a region with a mixed population.


The Hydrothermal dispatch problem determines the thermal and hydraulic generation to a specific planning horizon for an optimal management of the thermal and hydraulic recourses. To determine the volume of the dams of the hydraulic plants in each period, an operation states are established for thermal and hydraulic generators. If volumes of the dams are discrete, results a dynamic linear problem that could be solved by a combinatorial technique like Tabu Search. In this paper, the proposed methodology has been implemented and test results are compared with several GAMS solvers.


The investigated La1–xRExVO4 (RE = Eu, Sm) solid solutions are characterized by intensive emission of the RE ions that is excited from the wide spectral range including UV region of intrinsic transitions in the vanadate host. We have carried out comparable analysis of characteristics of the La1–xRExVO4 compounds synthesized by three different methods: solid state reaction, co-precipitation and sol-gel synthesis. The investigation revealed differences in luminescence and excitation spectra of samples obtained by different methods. Spectra of the samples with lower activator concentrations have a more complicated character. They contain exceed number of lines that is caused by formation of two types of RE3+ emission centers. Spectral exhibitions of the second ("at surface") type of centers are observed up to x = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 for samples synthesized by solid state, co-precipitation and sol-gel methods, respectively. The presence of the "at surface" type of centers leads to essential increasing of total intensity of emission. Differences in excitation spectra give us a possibility to suppose that enhancement of luminescence intensity is also due to expanded excitation range caused by "at surface" centers in UV region. Therefore, "at surface" centers satisfy better absorption of UV light. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Readme file is a short document associated with most open-source software (OSS) there were many attempts to uniform the structure of Readme file, this file is the main file most user read, it helps the user to decide upon using the software. In this paper we suggest using audio format for Readme file (ListentoMe), to do so we study the state of the art for Readme file in most popular GitHub repositories( or repos for short). 100 GitHub repositories documentation have been collected as a dataset. Extracting commits from this dataset results in 326793 messages. Next, commits regarding documentation have been isolated for further analysis. Finally, we observed the structure of readme file from the extracted commits and the number of key attributes used. The result shows that Github developers did not commit to the general Readme file structure suggested by literature [17] most developers will not save time to write documentation. Thus we suggest an audio version of Readme file named as ListentoMe, The structures for the ListentoMe file have been proposed to bridge the gap in documentation structures. To evaluate our suggestion, we conduct questionnaire targeting software developers in GitHub. The questionnaire results showed that more than 70% of developers prefer ListentoMe (audio version of Readme), they mostly agreed about the suggested ListentoMe structure.


The chargeability of liquid sprays is an important factor in determining the deposition efficiency of electrostatic pesticide sprays. The Rayleigh limit provides information on the maximum amount of charge a spray droplet can carry as a function of droplet size and liquid properties. This article reviews the literature to determine what fraction of the Rayleigh limit is achievable. Typically, less than 10% of the Rayleigh limit charge is obtained. The droplet charge per unit mass decreases with increasing droplet size and liquid flow rate. A correlation equation is derived from published data to predict spray droplet charge per unit mass from droplet size, flow rate, and charging voltage.


Nowadays, many drone models are available, designed for the most diverse applications. However, the various models fall into one of two types of drone: multi-copter or fixed-wing. The first type of drone consumes a lot of energy, since motors have to turn during all the flight. The former type of drone, in general needs a runway to take-off and landing. Moreover, they fly fast and cannot be motionless, which is unsuitable for many applications. In this paper we present a new paramotor drone, conceived and designed to overcome the highlighted limitations and to be a low-cost solution adapted for most applications. The selection of the various components of the presented prototype was based on a very thorough study, considering aerodynamic and efficiency criteria.


To say beheading is impossible is to talk with the beheaded, to speak like a severed head, with words for which one has no voice. It means trying to say about beheading what is impossible to say, what only the severed head could say and always does say in some secret way to the heads that see it, calling them to consider beheading and articulate what it cannot tell. The impossibility of beheading, the point beyond which our experience of it at once does and cannot go, is a moment when the survival of its witness crosses paths and shares place with its victim's escape, the instant of a specifically heady saturation or plenitude of the sensory simultaneity of oneself being here and the beheaded being there . Keywords:beheading; impossible


Materials having high hardness and wear resistance are being increasingly used for gear manufacturing. So it is the need of time either to develop such materials or some treatments to achieve such a combination of said properties. Carburization is a thermo-chemical treatment to attain high surface hardness and wear resistance in steels. A hard case is developed over a soft core in steel by diffusion of carbon from carburizing media (solid, liquid, or gas). The gear steel 17NiCrMo6-4 is difficult to carburize by conventional carburizing techniques because of its high nickel content ( 1.35 wt. %). Therefore, in this work different carburizing bath compositions have been used to carburize 17NiCrMo6-4 steel. It was found that a liquid salt bath of composition Na 2 CO 3 (30%) , NaCN (40%) and BaCl 2 (30%) worked well for the carburising of the 17NiCrMo6-4 steel. Furthermore, an additional post heat-treatment process has been adapted, in which steel was heated to 850 °C for a period of 2 hours followed by oil quenching. This additional post heat-treatment process proved beneficial and resulted in case depth >1.5 mm and hardness > 50 HRC.


For improved safety in and around the ARM SGP CART site, the ARM Program recently purchased and installed an aircraft detection radar system at the central facility near Lamont, Oklahoma. The new system will enhance safety measures already in place at the central facility. The SGP CART site, especially the central facility, houses several instruments employing laser technology. These instruments are designed to be eye-safe and are not a hazard to personnel at the site or pilots of low-flying aircraft over the site. However, some of the specialized equipment brought to the central facility by visiting scientists during scheduled intensive observation periods (IOPs) might use higher-power laser beams that point skyward to make measurements of clouds or aerosols in the atmosphere. If these beams were to strike the eye of a person in an aircraft flying above the instrument, damage to the person's eyesight could result. During IOPs, CART site personnel have obtained Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approval to temporarily close the airspace directly over the central facility and keep aircraft from flying into the path of the instrument's laser beam. Information about the blocked airspace is easily transmitted to commercial aircraft, but that does not guarantee that the airspace remains completely plane-free. For this reason, during IOPs in which non-eye-safe lasers were in use in the past, ARM technicians watched for low-flying aircraft in and around the airspace over the central facility. If the technicians spotted such an aircraft, they would manually trigger a safety shutter to block the laser beam's path skyward until the plane had cleared the area.


Eds Steve Field, Bob Strachan, Gai Evans

Radcliffe Medical Press, £29.95, pp 332

ISBN 1 85775 545 6

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Jigsaws usually fit together. This one has too many small pieces, and only gives part of the picture. It describes the "happy clappy" side of general practice, of cosy groups in woolly cardigans, where education has all the answers. It is the book of the Conference of Postgraduate Advisers in General Practice—not a boring close-print …

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Access control is an important mechanism for enhancing workflow system security.Role-based access contro1 mode1(RBAC) is used in the most of workflow systems,and it has become a research topic in the area of workflow.Based on the traditional RBAC model and embarked from decoupling the workflow access control model from the process model,a service-oriented workflow dynamic access control(SWDAC) model is presented.The model introduced services and context information to describe dynamic workflow system can enhance workflow system security and provide flexibility in access control system.The SWDAC model is implemented in a workflow management system based on J2EE.


We propose bottom-up support for modeling crosscutting structure in U M L by adding a simple join point model to the meta-model. This supports buil tin crosscutting modeling constructs such as class and sequence diagrams, collaborations, and state machines. It also facilitates adding new kinds of crosscutting modeling constructs such inter-type declarations and advice. A simple planner tool produces a uniform representation of the crosscutting structure, which can then be displayed or analyzed in a variety of ways. We demonstrate a couple of simple automated analysis tools which take advantage of the exposed crosscutting structure. We also discuss how support for advice could be added to the meta-model and planner, and the semantic differences between advice in U M L and Aspect J .


1.1. N2O in agriculture and microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification N2O is an important greenhouse gas as it contributes to global warming and the depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer (Bouwman, 1990; Crutzen, 1979; Houghton et al., 1990). At the present time the atmospheric concentration of N2O is rising linearly at a rate of 0.3% per year (IPCC, 2007). Its current concentration in the atmosphere is equal to 319 ppbv (IPCC, 2007). A warming potential of 1 kg of N2O is 310 times greater than 1 kg of CO2 over a 100year period (IPCC, 2007).


Abstract Corporate social responsibility is an attitude that involves taking voluntary action for the benefit of the society in general, to support the positive development of a certain community. This attitude demonstrates that we, as citizens, have not only rights but also certain obligations which we should meet. A socially responsible person is someone who knows that his or her actions will affect others and tries to make decisions that benefit his or her immediate surroundings. The objective of the study was to determine the level of environmental awareness and willingness to take environmental action in 165 respondents who filled out a survey. The paper includes an introduction that presents the main challenges associated with insufficient contribution of the society to environmental protection and its lack of awareness of social responsibility. Subsequently, the findings of the study are presented, followed by a summary and conclusions.


In this paper, we describe the development of the RoboCup competition simulation system. The simulation system is based on continuous integration system. The competitor will submit his code to the repository, and the code will be automatically evaluated to calculate the score. We achieved fairness by implementing a random object placement algorithm generated from the same random number seed and delivered all the data as a Docker image so that every competitor can share the same environment. By using a central job server and a self-hosting job execution agent, competitors can bring their own computing resources to the competition. The result of applying our system to RoboCup2021 Worldwide is shown.


Spin-polarized bands at solid surfaces have been extensively studied not only because of fundamental interests but also spintronic applications. Here, symmetry of the surface plays an important role in characterizing the spin splitting and the spin texture of a two-dimensional band [1]. Peculiar Zeeman-type spin splitting with out-of-plane spin polarization appears at the K point with C3 symmetry in surface Brillouin zone (SBZ) of Tl/Si(111)-(1×1), where the surface structure belongs to the plane group of p3m1 [2]. On the other hand, in the case of Bi/Si(111)-(√3×√3)R30° that belongs to the plane group of p31m, Rashba-type spin-splitting was found at the K point having C3v symmetry regardless of time reversal [3]. The difference of the symmetry at the K point in the SBZ determines the type of the spin splitting of the band. Here, we report the both types.


The article examines educational basis for the development of future teachers' positive motivation to the formation of linguistic mobility in the process of vocational training. The importance of this work in the modern teachers' training university is substantiated. The author shows dependence of effective activities from the corresponding motives and interests as an effective stimulus to its successful implementation. The paper discusses the main areas of higher school activities focused on improvement of future teachers' positive motivation to formation their linguistic mobility.


The work presents performance enhancement of MEMS based piezoelectric pressure sensor using multistep stack configuration. The structural optimization through multistep arrangement of the piezoelectric sensor exhibited the sensitivity enhancement of 85% for a range of applied pressures compared to the multi-layered sensor made from the same volume of Zinc Oxide. We also further investigate the design and analysis of multistep piezoelectric stack configuration of this MEMS sensor for significant characteristics improvisation using COMSOL Multiphysics. Essentially, the multistep configuration results in increase of coupling coefficient that ultimately contributes to the increase in sensitivity. Furthermore, the analysis of the evaluated parameters can be used for the design and optimization of these MEMS-based sensors for various bio-sensing applications due to the biocompatibility of Zinc Oxide. The obtained results for output voltage of Multistep arrangement at an applied pressure of 2.5kPa was 2.69 V as compared to 0.203V and 0.0186V for Multi-layered and Single layered configuration respectively.


In historiography, trade, and international trade in particular, is most often re lated to urban centres and practices, to the specifics of urban life. The peas ant world is considered a zone entirely, or to a considerable extent, excluded from the market. Peasants lived all their lives depending entirely on their own products, each producing almost all he or she needed, exchanging occasionally only with his/her co-villagers. When they reached the market, if ever, it was only to buy iron tools or to earn money to pay their taxes. Often the only contact vil lagers had with the town was through a single merchant who visited them once in a while. Such a view of the connection between villagers and trade is criticised by F. Braudel. On the basis of several cases he concludes that the existence of a certain level of isolation of villagers from the town and trade cannot be denied but that there were degrees to this and exceptions such as the Hungarian cattle breeders who exported their herds to Italy and Germany and bought the grain they needed. As commercial economy spread, markets grew in size and influ enced the more modest activities. Yet, money was rarely used as capital in the countryside. It was a means of land purchase, but more often coins were used for adornment, which, in turn, had social significance and contributed to social re categorisation. Peasants everywhere shared more or less constant poverty. Their living standards were invariably low, though there were few exceptions such as the "islands of prosperity" in parts of Bavaria, Thuringia, or, a little later, in the Dutch countryside and a considerable area of England. Producers from the rural hinterland, however, hardly reached further than the regional or the urban mar kets, sometimes fairs, where they offered their produce agrarian or animal products, cattle and so on. Among the most serious obstacles to their participa tion in larger-scale trade usually mentioned are the very status of peasants in pre industrial (and in Ottoman) society, the lack of capital, as well as the typical conservatism of the denizens of rural areas.1


This study reports views of managers and workers about employment relationships and Human Resource Management (HRM) practice. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative data collected in 2005, this paper specifically seeks to examine how a unitary legislative framework, along with the influence of HRM with its unitary underpinnings, has impacted on manager and worker views of employment relations in the New Zealand context. Data analysis revealed current views on employment relations closely paralleled the literature on best practice HRM, and insights provided by this group of managers and workers highlight what are considered to be the important employment relations issues being faced today


Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) is an important factor to estimate effective dose using the conversion factors. In this work, we estimated CTDI with Monte Carlo simulation using the (GATE/GEANT4) code. Two PMMA phantom diameters, 16 cm and 32 cm, have been used to simulate, respectively, the patient's head and body. The simulation was made at various kVp and mAs levels for dual and 16 slices Multi Detector Computed Tomography MDCT. Experimental CTDI measurements were performed with a calibrated pencil ion chamber and the two PMMAs. the comparison results between the simulated, measured and displayed values show slight differences. Indeed, a difference of less than 4% is noticed for the 2 slices and less than 2% for the 16 slices. The effectiveness of our method shows that GATE can be used to optimize the effective dose to reduce radiological risks in CT clinical applications.


THE work described in this paper is the result of a study of the degree to which certain fats of widely varying chemical composition and physical properties accumulate in the liver when fed to animals under certain dietary conditions. It was undertaken in order to obtain information concerning the nature of the fatty acids which appeared in the liver under these different conditions and because knowledge of this kind should provide evidence as to the part played by the chemical nature of the food fat in fatty liver production. Further, it seemed possible that additional evidence of the part played by the liver in fat meta-bolism might be so obtained. Such a study has not so far been reported, for in investigations of the fatty liver problem, Best and his colleagues have used beef fat and "Crisco " as their dietary fats for the routine production of fatty livers, whilst for the same purpose the former fat only has been used in this laboratory. The results of the repetition of the work, in which use made of this finding, are recorded here.


The off-diagonal magneto-impedance in Co-based amorphous ribbons was measured using a pick-up coil wound around the sample. The ribbons were annealed in air or in vacuum in the presence of a weak magnetic field. The evolution of the first and second harmonics in the pick-up coil voltage as a function of the current amplitude was studied. At low current amplitudes, the first harmonic dominates in the frequency spectrum of the voltage, and at sufficiently high current amplitudes, the amplitude of the second harmonic becomes higher than that of the first harmonic. For air-annealed ribbons, the asymmetric two-peak behaviour of the field dependences of the harmonic amplitudes was observed, which is related to the coupling between the amorphous phase and surface crystalline layers appearing after annealing. For vacuum-annealed samples, the first harmonic has a maximum at zero external field, and the field dependence of the second harmonic exhibits symmetric two-peak behaviour. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of a quasi-static rotational model. It is shown that the appearance of the second harmonic in the pick-up coil voltage is related to the anti-symmetrical distribution of the transverse field induced by the current. The calculated dependences are in qualitative agreement with the experimental data.


We study translation covers of several triply periodic polyhedral surfaces that are intrinsically platonic. We describe their affine symmetry groups and compute the quadratic asymptotics for counting saddle connections and cylinders, including the count of cylinders weighted by area.


Objective
To discuss the methods and experience of using short term left ventricular assist devices(LVADs) in patients after congenital heart disease(CHD) corrective surgery.

Methods
This study included 17 postoperative cases using short term LVAD support. The device used was a Maquet Rotaflow system, and the clinical patient data was collected and evaluated retrospectively.

Results
The 17 patients were divided into two groups by the clinical outcome as follows: 6 cases in the early death group(Group D) and 11 cases in the survival group(Group S). The pre-support time[(9.00±9.95)h vs.(23.83±13.23)h, P=0.042]and the lactate level values[(4.01±2.15)mmol/L vs.(9.30±4.90)mmol/L, P=0.045]were significantly lower and more favorable in Group S. Patients in Group S also received a longer support time than patients in Group D.

Conclusion
Using the Maquet Rotaflow system is generally safe and efficient, when used as a short term LVAD in postoperative pediatric patients. The selection of patients, the timing of support, and reasonable management were the keys to patient survival.

Key words:
Congenital heart defect; Left heart failare; Left ventricular assist device


The electronic structure and enthalpy are calculated as a function of pressure for several phases of molecular and metallic hydrogen. For the molecular solid we offer an alternative interpretation of the recently observed transition at 1.5 Mbar. For the intermediate-pressure range from 3.8 +- 0.5 to 8.6 +- 1 Mbar, the most stable structures have low coordination numbers and are anisotropic. Among them a metallic filamentary primitive hexagonal phase is particularly stable. For higher pressures, the bcc structure is the most stable.


The studies focused on the evaluation of the immunogenicity of the vaccines prepared from outer membrane proteins (OMPs) or iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) of Pasteurella multocida serotype 3 with aluminium hydroxide gel as adjuvant. The vaccines were given twice within a 14-day period. The sera were sampled before vaccination and weekly for 6 weeks thereafter. The immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated by the immunoblotting and ELISA. It was found that the immunization with the complexes of OMPs i IROMPs antigens obtained from the strain of serotype A:3 stimulated the production of specific antibodies.


During the last two decades, focused ion beam (FIB) technology has been used as a tool in highly demanding applications in the field of nanotechnology such as repair of photolithography masks, repair and modification of integrated circuits, TEM sample preparation, selective implantation, resist exposure etc. The technology of using FIBs for nano/micro fabrication is also called direct writing, which transfers patterns by direct impingement of ions into small spoton a substrate. Direct writing is a collection of several processes, such as milling by sputtering, implantation and ion induced deposition. These processes perform material removal, change of property and material addition. The key to the FIB direct write technology is its ability to operate a FIB with a proper beam size, current, and energy to remove or add a required amount of material with or without chemical reactions from a predefined location in a controllable manner. In this way, high precision and complex three dimensional (3D) nano/micro structures can be synthesized. Till recently, the Liquid Metal Ion Source based FIB (LMIS-FIB) system has been most popularand commercially available system. The available current from LMIS-FIB is of the order of few pA to nA and of only metallic species such as Ga, As, Ag, Au etc. These metallic ions would get implanted in the substrate being milled and change their chemical and physical properties which is undesirable. In addition, due to availability of very low current, the milling rates are only about 5 μm3/s and less. This is an excellent system to mill small volume of material in nanoscale ranges only. Due to advent of large number of MEMS devices, these days the LMIS-FIB systems are being used in synthesizing micro and macro patterns where it involves removal of volume of several million μm3 of material taking prohibitively long time.


The basic problems and questions confronted by contemporary social scientists are problems dealing with the interrelationships between a large number of elements. While classical science was concerned with problems which usually entailed only a few variables and one-way chains of causality, modern problems are generally multivariate. They are problems of &dquo;organized complexity&dquo;-that is, of the interaction of a large but not infinite number of variables (see von Bertalanffy, 1968: 11). The analysis and explanation of these highly complex systems frequently requires the use of tools that have only recently come into their own. This brief article provides an overview regarding the use of one such tool, computer simulation-the construction of systems models and the subsequent evaluation of these models as a surrogate for the system that is of primary interest.


In May 2019, the New Zealand Minister of Finance presented the world's first well-being budget. In response, this discussion considers how the government is approaching the implementation of a well-being policy, including its roles in relation to those of local governments. Its approach is compared with international thinking about the role of communities, including emerging practice in Wales as a result of the enactment of well-being legislation.


We examine the hypothesis of an increase of humus disintegration by analyzing chemical substances measured in the seepage water of a German forest. Problems arise because of a large percentage of missing observations. We use a regression model with spatial and temporal effects constructed in an exploratory data analysis. Spatial dependencies are modeled by random effects and an autoregressive structure for observations in distinct soil depths resulting in a recursive linear mixed model structure. Temporal dependencies are included by an autoregressive structure of the random effects. For parameter estimation an EM algorithm is deduced assuming the errors to be Gaussian. As a result of the data analysis we specify chemical substances which possibly affect the process of humus disintegration. In particular, we find evidence that the presence of aluminum ions is important, but because of the high correlations among the regressors this might be due to confounding with iron.


Wilson BA, Gracey F, Evans JJ, Bateman A. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Hardback: 380 pages, £55. ISBN-13: 9780521841498. The field of rehabilitation for patients with acquired brain injury has grown substantially over recent decades. Despite a wealth of published material, few texts provide clinicians broad ranging assistance with the generation of ideas and practical guidelines for designing, undertaking and evaluating both individual and group-based programmes. This book offers a unique and all-inclusive approach to explaining the underlying principles of neuropsychological rehabilitation for people with cognitive, emotional and behavioural difficulties, by integrating evidence-based treatment with clinical judgement and patient-centred goals. It is informative from a multi-disciplinary perspective, making it an essential asset for clinical psychologists, clinical neuropsychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, psychiatrists, neurologists, physiotherapists, social workers, nurses and other rehabilitation specialists. There are four sections of the book, the first of which details a review of the background and theory of neuropsychological rehabilitation. This includes an overview of theories and models of cognitive and emotional functioning, behaviour, learning, assessment, recovery and compensation, all of which are synthesised into a comprehensive model. With central focus on the patient and family, the model considers the impact of the person's premorbid personality, lifestyle, values and beliefs on the formulation of goals and expectations during the rehabilitation process, taking into account the nature, extent and severity of the brain injury. As such, the rehabilitation model involves assessment of discrepancies between 'pre-injury self-representations' and 'post-injury reality', and the management of adverse reactions to post-injury changes to facilitate adaptive and realistic self-representations upon which to build in further stages of rehabilitation. It is largely in this context that the book lends itself to enhancing the likelihood of successful treatment outcomes, by supporting a shift away from traditional models that focused on programmes dictated by doctors and therapists, to more of a partnership between doctors, therapists and patients. The second section of the book details guidelines for group interventions from cognitive, emotional, psychosocial and vocational points of view. These are aimed to equip patients with understanding the nature of their brain injury, awareness of cognitive problems, strategies to deal with these problems, management of emotional reactions to brain injury, and how to offer and receive psychological support to and from others. The roles and integration of families, carers and services in the rehabilitation process are covered, and a range of other pertinent skill-building groups are overviewed to progress patients in abilities of communication, independent living, leisure, vocation and study. Several single case illustrations comprise the third section of the book, and exemplify how to apply and tailor the rehabilitation model to individual needs. The process begins with a thorough assessment of neuropsychological, psychological, language, physical, recreational and occupational functioning. For each case study, the book highlights how results of assessment can be incorporated into a rehabilitation plan which considers the patient's strengths, weaknesses and personal goals. The fourth section of the book concludes with methods of evaluating the effectiveness of the rehabilitation programme. Overall, this book is well written and flows in a step-by-step fashion. The content is particularly worthwhile for advancing experienced clinicians in their knowledge base, as well as for introducing less experienced clinicians to the field who are looking for a holistic approach to understanding and working with the population of acquired brain injury.


With the industrial development in recent years, the need of huge industrial sheds has increased where structural optimization and cost are the two major aspects of design. Trusses are triangular formations of steel sections in which the members are generally, subjected to axial forces due to external load. For industrial sheds, the truss configurations commonly used are Pratt, Howe, Warren and Fink truss. All of these truss configurations have their own structural advantages depending upon shapes and member arrangements. The aim of this study is to compare these trusses to select the optimal truss configuration for a particular span of 30m. The length of the bottom chord members of trusses are varied keeping the overall truss height, inclination angle, span, structure length, spacing and external load same, for all configurations. The analysis has been conducted using Tekla software. It is observed that Howe truss configuration with 12 divisions of bottom chord provide best selection based on weight of truss and connections. This paper helps the designer to select an appropriate truss of span 30m, considering the safety, self-weight, truss configuration and economical point of view.


By using VTT Digital Open Access Repository you are bound by the following Terms & Conditions. I have read and I understand the following statement: This document is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of this document is not permitted, except duplication for research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered for sale. Abstract—It has been proposed that Semantic Web technologies would be key enablers in achieving context-aware computing in our everyday environments. In our vision of semantic technology empowered smart spaces, the whole interaction model is based on sharing of semantic data via common blackboards. This approach allows smart space applications to take full advantage of semantic technologies. Because of its novelty there is, however, a lack of solutions and methods for developing semantic smart space applications according to this vision. In this paper we present solutions to the most relevant challenges we have faced when developing context-aware computing in smart spaces. In particular the paper describes: 1) methods for utilizing semantic technologies with resource restricted devices, 2) a solution for identifying real world objects in semantic technology empowered smart spaces, 3) a method for users to modify the behavior of context-aware smart space applications, and 4) an approach for content sharing between autonomous smart space agents. The proposed solutions include ontologies, system models, and guidelines for building smart spaces with the M3 semantic information sharing platform. To validate and demonstrate the approaches in practice we have implemented various prototype smart space applications and tools.


This study aims to determine how the literacy and financial efficacy of interest in investing in the capital market. Data collection and library techniques are already done by giving questionnaires to 83 students of the Faculty of Economics and Business in Pasundan University that has been determined criteria in order to get a representative result. Methods of data analysis are multiple regression, multiple analysis, coefficient of determination analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the financial, financial and student literacy in the Faculty of Economics and Business of Pasundan University was categorized as good. Simultaneously literacy and financial efficacy have a significant influence that is 85.3% of interest in investment, partially financial literacy has a significant influence that is equal to 79.9% of student investment interest and financial efficacy has a significant influence of 5.4 to interest in student investment.


Using a combined numerical and analytic approach, we evaluate the spin-diffusion coefficient D for the double-exchange model in the limit t 1/2). Hence, the spin-diffusion coefficient vanishes when the electrons are unable to hop between singly-occupied sites in a half-filled (p = 1/2) band.


In this paper an alternative approach to solving the inverse problem of kinematics is observed. In compa r tive analysis ways for determining link`s rotatory angles using classical and alternative approaches will be observ ed. It will allow to determine advantages of using the alternat ive approach proposed in this article. On the basis of the obtai ned results we can define ways for optimizing the algorithm for solving the inverse problem of kinematics.


Novel netlike nano-TiO2 was successfully prepared using polylatic acid (PLA) as a new template, and in particular, it was recyclable as photocatalyst. The products obtained at various temperatures were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides, the products have an excellent photocatalysis to methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB).


DVOŘAKOVA, P., BURESOVA, I., KRACMAR, S.: Textural properties of bread formulations based on buckwheat and rye fl our. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2012, LX, No. 5, pp. 61–68 Modern nutrition and nutritionists worldwide more and more require high nutritional quality foods including breads. Products based on rye (Secale cereale L.) and other cereals such as buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) provide nutritional benefi ts such as higher intake of fi bre which has a positive eff ect on digestion and decreases a risk of obesity and heart disease, therefore current trend is to replace part of gluten breads with other cereal products. The main aim of this work was to observe changes in breads based on buckwheat and rye mixtures infl uenced by ratio of buckwheat and rye fl our. Eleven ratios of buckwheat-rye fl ours were prepared. Dough and bread quality were tested in terms of dough machine workability, dough and pastry yield, baking loss, specifi c volume and texture analyses 24 and 72 hours a er baking. The results were statistically evaluated and showed that rising amount of rye fl our in mixtures did not aff ect dough machine workability but improved all of the investigated texture characteristics such as chewiness and gumminess, concerning specifi c volume of breads, no signifi cant diff erences were found. All texture parameters deteriorated with staling time. buckwheat, rye, fl our, mixture, texture Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fl our is functional in many applications. Its unique characteristics absolutely diff er from other cereals and can be ascribed to the visco-elastic properties of gluten proteins. Gluten proteins represent about 80 to 85% of total wheat proteins and consist of monomer gluten units (gliadin) which cause viscous behavior while polymeric gluten units (glutenin) are elastic. When kneading and/or mixing wheat fl our with water gluten proteins facilitate a formation of cohesive visco-elastic dough able to retain gas produced during fermentation. That results in typical foam structure of bread. Although the role of other fl our components is important too, it is evident that gluten protein functionality is crucial (Veraverbeke and Delcour, 2002; Rosell et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2007; Demirkesen et al., 2010). Unfortunately, other cereal fl ours do not contain these key gluten proteins thus they are worse treatable in comparison with wheat fl our. Diff erent studies claim that the baking quality of rye fl our is much lower, which is related with lower gas holding capacity of rye dough and these products with lack of gluten matrix are typical of worse technological quality, low specifi c volume, high crumb hardness and short staling time (Gallagher et al., 2003a; Moroni et al., 2009; Sciarini et al., 2010a). Their shelf life is infl uenced by moisture loss, staling conditions and microbial deterioration and this process involves crumb fi rming which is caused by amylopectin crystallization and water redistribution (Sciarini et al., 2010b). But nowadays consumers are paying more attention on the quality and nutritional aspects of foods. Nutritional specialists propose consumption of non-gluten cereal products for the nutritional benefi ts as improvement in blood glucose level regulation, preventing obesity, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (Hansen et al., 2004; Dewettinck et al., 2008; Horszwald et al., 2009). 62 P. Dvořakova, I. Buresova, S. Kracmar Baking performance of rye (Secale cereale L.) has been ascribed to the pentosans (arabinoxylans and arabinogalactans). These polysaccharides are thought to stabilize foams by decreasing the gas diff usion nevertheless rye pastry will never give such volume and shape typical for wheat bread, but can improve an intake of dietary fi ber and antioxidants which is far below the recommendations (Wannerberger et al., 1997). Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is highly nutritious pseudocereal known as a dietary source of protein with favourable amino acid composition and vitamins, starch and dietary fi bre, essential minerals and trace elements. In comparison to most frequently used cereals, buckwheat possesses higher antioxidant activity, mainly due to high rutin content, phenolic acids, fl avonoids, phytic acid, vitamin B1, B2 and E, glutathione, carotenoids, phytosterols and as a gluten-free cereal can be widely used for producing gluten-free products (Wronkowska et al., 2010; Sedej et al., 2011). In this study, fl our from common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was used to prepare mixtures with commercially available rye fl our to make breads. The main goal of this study was to observe and compare bread characteristics and textural properties of these mixtures and prove a machine workability of all samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS


Some of the diagnostic, pathogenic and histological issues of gluten related disorders are still controverted. There are numerous guidelines and algorithms in the current literature, but when facing a scenario like presentation with mildly abnormal duodenal histology with positive or negative serology, most of clinician have difficulties in making a confident diagnosis.

This book (1) is one of the few combining knowledge of the basic and clinical aspects of gluten-related disorders with the knowledge of the evolution of bread and gluten-free products. The book is written and edited by very well-known scientists who dedicated most of their life to research and supporting patients with these conditions. The knowledge will serve as a new platform in shedding more light to the dark spots in our understanding in pathogenesis of gluten related disorders (GRD) with the hope that consequently will improving the quality of life of the patients affected with these conditions.

In this book celiac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis and a wide variety of other conditions like gluten ataxia, gluten allergy and non-celiac gluten sensitivity have been discussed. Because each chapter is written by a different specialist, there is, as in most multiauthored books, a heterogeneity in the topics that are covered.

The first section of this book is allocated to the basic science reviewing the current knowledge on environmental, oral tolerance, treatment, genetic and immunological factors involved in celiac disease. It discusses the widely-accepted model of the pathogenesis of celiac disease which focuses on the stimulation of gluten-reactive CD4+ T cells by TG2-deamidated gluten peptides presented by HLA-DQ2/DQ8 molecules, and other non-HLA susceptibility loci that may contribute with small effects in production of inflammatory response in susceptible individuals. This section is a true enlightenment, stimulating and skilfully simplifies the matters for students, scientists in medicine, immunology and pathology.

The same section reviews the fascinating association between celiac disease and changes in the composition of intestinal microbiota that may be associated with the HLA-DQ genotype, with important implications in the pathogenesis of GRD. The imbalances in gut microbiota seem to be related to the inflammation in active phase of CD and they could also be a predisposing factor for disease development. With other word the composition of the gut microbiota could influence the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines triggered by gluten peptides. Interestingly the microbiota is not completely restored after a gluten-free diet.

Recently, there have been some concerns raised on the gluten free products (2) and the previous studies by Sanz Y (3) argue that reductions in the intake of polysaccharides (from 117 g to 63 g on average) in healthy population after following a GFD could lead to decreased (Bifidobacterium, B. longum and Lactobacillus), and increased potentially unhealthy bacteria like E. coli and total Enterobacteriaceae. The negative effect has been attributed to the fact that polysaccharides usually reach the distal part of the colon partially undigested, and constitute one of the main energy sources for commensal components of the gut microbiota. Olivares and Sanz eloquently suggest a disruption of the delicate balance between the host and its intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis) would favour the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens and weaken the host defences against infection and chronic inflammation via possible alterations in mucosal immunity.

The second section revises the advances in understanding the clinical spectrum of these disorders. In this sections the topic like clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, the role of histology, extra-intestinal manifestations and the issues related to the quality of life of GRD patients have been discussed. Using γδ+ IEL are not an option available in current practice and in the same section the role of γδ+ IEL count, the detection of subepithelial tissue transglutaminase antibodies, the whole blood cytokine release assays (ELISPOT), and the tetramer test are highlighted.

The authors discuss the challenges concerned seronegative villous atrophy. Despite the current believe it might be this condition in fact doesn't exist. What we have been calling seronegative coeliac disease might in fact be a feature of non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). This is a new condition and despite the fact that most of patients present with minimal enteropathy (4), there is no evidence to confidently show, that enteropathy in these patients doesn't progresses to more severe changes. The reason for this is the fact that the diagnosis of NCGS is usually prematurely excluded in patients with severe enteropathy.

The third section explores the evolution of gluten in particular bread products that are most widely consumed in the western world. It also describes the great challenge of the elaboration of high quality gluten-free products but less expensive than the products at present available. This section on evolution of gluten-free foods will be of outmost interest to dietitians, nutritionists and patient. We would like to congratulate the authors and editors of this eminently practical book which is well suited to the needs of all scientists and clinicians who are likely to deal with patients in whom intra or extra gastrointestinal disorders develop in conjunction to gluten related disorders.


Methanol is a fuel that can be produced using renewable electricity, green hydrogen, and a carbon-neutral carbon source. As a low-carbon liquid fuel, methanol is a leading candidate as a drop-in replacement fuel for rapid decarbonization of the transportation sector. In this work, methanol is tested experimentally in mixing-controlled compression ignition using a single-cylinder research engine. Specifically, the impact of a double injection strategy and high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) dilution on performance and emissions parameters are studied. As a single-carbon, oxygenated fuel, methanol has a near-zero sooting potential, meaning there is no soot-NOx tradeoff as EGR dilution is increased. EGR dilution effectively reduces NOx emissions without a significant combustion efficiency or thermal efficiency penalty until the global equivalence ratio exceeds 0.9, at which point, a significant combustion efficiency penalty is incurred in the form of increased CO emissions. If stoichiometric operation with high EGR dilution is considered, engine-out NOx emissions are low, even at very high loads, and NOx aftertreatment is simplified through the use of a three-way catalyst. However, a relative decrease in the net fuel conversion efficiency of up to 8.5% was observed, demonstrating an emissions-efficiency tradeoff. Under lean and stoichiometric conditions, no appreciable agglomeration of particulate matter was observed.


Software for thermogravimeter constructed at the Department of Inorganic Technology, University of Pardubice is presented in the paper. Used hardware and design of the experiment is described briefly. Main part of the paper focusses to the software solution in MATLAB environment. Except control, plotting and data exporting tasks it was necessary to communicate with Eurotherm nanodac Recorder / Controller through the TCP/IP Modbus protocol and with Sartorius weigh cell through the serial USB ASCII-based protocol. Simple example of Constant Rate Thermal Analysis experiment is given at the end of the paper.


s (English and Hindi) Chapter 7 Nitrogen dynamics under maize-wheat cropping system as influenced by nitrogen, tillage and residue management options


As an enthusiast of item response theory (IRT), I see the publication of Zegota et al. (2022) as a very good example of the potential benefits of this psychometric approach. At the same time, I would like to share a few suggestions and reflections with the authors and the readers interested in using IRT. The first point I would like to highlight is the level of compliance to the unidimensionality assumption. It is noteworthy that the first factor explained just 18% of the variance. The low percentage of explained variance raises legitimate concerns about task-specificity, reductionism, and the need to explore multidimensional alternatives. Furthermore, cut-off values traditionally applied to goodness-of-fit indices from confirmatory factor analyses are not meant for use with unidimensional models. Recently, it became possible to obtain more appropriate, dynamic cutoff values for fit indices from one-factor confirmatory factor analyses (McNeish and Wolf 2021). The second point that called my attention was local dependence. Residues are naturally lower in the 2parameter logistic model (2PLM) because item characteristic curves can 'imitate' observations more flexibly with the addition of the discrimination parameter, allowing the slope of the curves to vary. Even when the choice of a model with more parameters might be preferred, I suggest using the residual correlation matrix from the Rasch model analysis for more robust compliance to assumptions. By estimating difficulty parameters only, Rasch model analyses yield a more realistic Yen's Q3 statistic. Principal component analysis of the Rasch model residual correlation matrix would also provide robust evidence of absolute unidimensionality. The third point is a question for reflection: should we use fit as our sole criterion to choose the best item response theory model? Usually, 2PLM will give us a better fit by lifting the constant constraint on discrimination. Rasch treats these variations on discrimination as item-bias interactions reflecting unmeasured dimensions or even construct-irrelevant sources of score variance that could be associated with differential item functioning. With Rasch, item difficulty order is the same for everyone, regardless of ability level: item characteristic curves never cross and the correlation between latent scores and raw scores is higher in Rasch than in the logistic models with more parameters. Students and stakeholders might find it challenging to understand and explain raw scores and latent scores differing too much from each other. When I was younger, I liked to explore models with 3, 4 and 5 parameters. Growing older I learned that 'less is more.'


We present the results of calculations of the $p^4$ and $p^6$ order low-energy constants for the chiral Lagrangian with tensor sources for both two and three flavors of pseudoscalar mesons. This is a generalization of our previous work on similar calculations without tensor sources in terms of the quark self-energy $\Sigma(p^2)$, based on the first principle derivation of the low-energy effective Lagrangian and computation of the low-energy constants with some rough approximations. With the help of partial integration and some epsilon relations, we find that some $p^6$ order operators with tensor sources appearing in the literature are related to each other. That leaves 98 independent terms for $n$-flavor, 92 terms for three-flavor, and 65 terms for two-flavor cases. We also find that the odd-intrinsic-parity chiral Lagrangian with tensor sources cannot independently exist in any order of low-energy expansion.


Solutions of bismuth(V) from NaBiO3 have been obtained in 1.0 mol dm–3 HClO4 and 1.5 mol dm–3 HF with a view to studying the redox system involving BiV and H3PO2. The reaction is first order in the concentration of each of BiV, H3PO2, and H+. It is catalysed by BiIII through complex formation with the reactive species HBiF6. The rate law (i) holds where Kp is the protonation –d[BiV]//dt=(Kpk′+KpKk[BiIII])//1 +K[BiIII])[BiV][H3PO2][H+](i) constant of [BiF6]– and K the complex formation constant between BiV and BiIII. The values of Kpk and K were found to be 0.125 ± 0.015 dm6 mol–2 s–1 and 45 ± 6 dm3 mol–1 respectively at 35° C and I= 2.0 mol dm–3; k′ and k are the second-order rate constants for the reaction between HBiF6 and H3PO2, and the complex and H2PO2 respectively. Bismuth(V) does not absorb in the u.v. region but Bi III does, the wavelength depending on the source of BiIII and the medium.


This article intorduces the background, payment, operation, struction and trend of the managed-care organization in America.Comparing with health insurance in China, they could provide some experience on controlling medical cost.


This paper presents the design of the latest game aimed at gross motor movement training of the upper extremity for NJIT RAVR system [1], which already employs various games to help stroke patients in rehabilitation. The unique feature of this game is to aid motor function of patients that come to use in day to day life like making use of hands, fingers and shoulders to pick small objects on table, moving them and placing them elsewhere. This game employs physics for the objects within the VR world and CyberGrasp hand exoskeleton which gives the subject a more realistic feeling to the grasping and releasing in real-time.


Abstract An automatic recording system for fish counting and for the monitoring of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and solar radiation was employed on a newly constructed fishway on the Annaquatucket River, North Kingstown, Rhode Island. Records of fishway utilization by the alewife, Alosa pseudoharengus and of the environmental variables were critically examined by time series autocorrelation and crosscorrelation techniques. It was demonstrated that migratory activity was harmonic with a diurnal periodicity and was closely associated with incident solar radiation. Suggestions for an improved monitoring system and further analysis were made.


In this contribution to celebrate '25 years of recollision physics', we reflect on how the quantitative rescattering (QRS) theory was developed during the 2007–9 period. A short summary on how QRS was applied to different rescattering phenomena, including the probing of target structure or the characterization of the driving laser pulse is then given. The success of the QRS theory was built upon the recollision model proposed 25 years ago.


By understanding the origins of this refractory erosion, foundries can integrate practices into their lining, melting and maintenance to reduce the erosion and improve melt campaign life.


Recently, interest and use of pollutant concentration reduction construction materials for Idoor Air Quality elevation are increasing. The use of sorpive building materials is one way to reducing indoor pollutant concentration that have the possibility of affecting human health. in this paper, through CFD Analysis, in case Toluene that is a kind of pollutants is generated as external diffusion on the floor, the effect of decrease in breathing quantity and concentrations of indoor Toluene from the pollutant adsorption per case. We set three cases as the factors, Ventilation Recovery, Installation Area of Sorptive Building Material, and the effects of Location of Air Conditioners and Opening. As a result, we found that the effect of reduction in the level of indoor Toluene turned out to be quite positive in increasing installation area of Sorptive Building Materials and Air Velocity distribution.


This study's objective is to provide students with solutions to problems that must be addressed when learning Arabic, namely: 1) When learning Arabic, why do students at MTs Class VIII IRA Medan College Foundation experience boredom and sleepiness? is going on? 2) When learning Arabic, how do students at MTs Class VIII IRA Medan College Foundation feel engaged and happy? 3) Is it possible for the Application of Mufrodat (Vocabulary) Quiz Game Media to engage students and enhance their Arabic vocabulary mastery? Therefore, the researcher intends to use the Mufrodat (Vocabulary) Media Quiz Game to increase students' active participation in Arabic learning and mastery of mufrodat (vocabulary). Classroom Action Research, or CAR, is the method that researchers employ. Students in Class VIII as research subjects. Observation and practice questions were used for data collection. Descriptive qualitative and quantitative data analysis was used. This study was carried out in two stages by researchers, and each stage required two meetings. The first meeting took place on January 19, 2023, and the second meeting took place on January 20. The researcher used the mufrodat quiz game media on class VIII students in stage I (meetings I and 2), and the results showed an increase in learning activity and student learning values. This is demonstrated by the number of students who increased their KKM scores at the first meeting, which was six students, and by the number of students who completed the KKM scores of the 21 students who participated in the practice questions, which did not meet the specified Minimum Completeness Criteria. i.e. 85 percent and must be increased. The researcher carried out phase II to address the flaws discovered in stage I. At this stage, the research was also carried out in two meetings, on February 9 and February 10, 2023. Meetings I and 2 demonstrated a significant rise in stage II. This is demonstrated by the fact that the number of students who achieved the KKM score increased from 10 students in the first stage to 14 students in stage II of the first meeting. In the second meeting, the number of students who achieved individual completeness scores or the minimum completeness of 21 students who participated in the practice questions increased to 18 students. In other words, the mufrodat mastery (vocabulary) results have improved as a result of using the mufrodat quiz game media because they met the study's Minimum Mastery Criteria..
Keywords: Media Quiz Game Mufrodat; Penguasaan Mufrodat (Kosakata); Peserta Didik