A lack of information about urban habitats, and a lack of professionally-collected species occurrence data are often cited as major impediments to completing bioassessments in urban landscapes. We developed an urban biodiversity assessment framework that addresses these challenges. The proposed framework combines a customized hierarchical urban habitat classification scheme with citizen science-generated species occurrence data, such as iNaturalist, and eBird. It integrates publicly available data on the physical and anthropogenic environment with species occurrence information and serves as a novel method for conducting urban biodiversity assessments. This framework provides insights into how species occurrences within an urban landscape are associated with spatial variation in the physical and anthropogenic environment. It can also yield information useful for urban planning and conservation management aimed at maintaining and enhancing the abundance and diversity of native and other desirable species in urban areas. This framework requires minimal taxonomic expertise on the part of those who employ it, and it can be implemented in urban areas worldwide, wherever adequate data exist. We demonstrate the application of this framework in the highly urbanized portion of Los Angeles County, California, USA. Our demonstration used 18 physical and anthropogenic variables to classify our study area into nine urban habitat types. We then assessed relationships between these urban habitat types with species occurrences using research-grade data from iNaturalist This analysis detected significant differences in distributions of some species between these nine urban habitat types and demonstrated that the proposed framework can be used to conduct urban biodiversity assessments. With increasing availability of remote sensing data and publicly-generated biodiversity data, this framework may be used for analysis of urban areas around the globe.


No longer will we turn our pain into elegies. We will no longer capitalize on our losses. (Jean-Luc Nancy)1 For whom or as whom does Nancy speak here? On the face of it he is speaking in the plaint...


Physical and chemical weathering processes that might be important on Mars are reviewed, and the limited observations, including relevant Viking results and laboratory simulations, are summarized. Physical weathering may have included rock splitting through growth of ice, salt or secondary silicate crystals in voids. Chemical weathering probably involved reactions of minerals with water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, although predicted products vary sensitively with the abundance and physical form postulated for the water. On the basis of kinetics data for hydration of rock glass on earth, the fate of weathering-rind formation on glass-bearing Martian volcanic rocks is tentatively estimated to have been on the order of 0.1 to 4.5 cm/Gyr; lower rates would be expected for crystalline rocks.


The Artificial Cognitive Systems (ACS) will be developed for human-like functions such as vision, auditory, inference, and behavior. Especially, computational models and artificial HW/SW systems will be devised for Proactive Learning (PL) and Self-Identity (SI). The PL model provides bilateral interactions between robot and unknown environment (people, other robots, cyberspace). For the situation awareness in unknown environment it is required to receive audiovisual signals and to accumulate knowledge. If the knowledge is not enough, the PL should improve by itself though internet and others. For human-oriented decision making it is also required for the robot to have self-identify and emotion. Finally, the developed models and system will be mounted on a robot for the human-robot co-existing society. The developed ACS will be tested against the new Turing Test for the situation awareness. The Test problems will consist of several video clips, and the performance of the ACSs will be compared against those of human with several levels of cognitive ability.


"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." With these words Jefferson introduced one of America's most treasured documents, the Declaration of Independence. Successive generations of Americans have not only embraced Jefferson's noble sentiments, they have embellished them. Equality of political rights and legal standing has been expanded into a belief in literal equality; today, differences in outcome are taken as prima facie evidence of unequal opportunity. In an egalitarian society such as ours, the existence of significant and enduring individual or group differences in intelligence is seen as a challenge to our highest ideals. This challenge is taken up by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray in The Bell Curve.


An adenomyoma that arises from the cervix and is characterized by the presence of a glandular component exhibiting architectural complexity.


In modern nanotechnology and quantum computation, reversible logic plays a pivotal role as it has minimal impact on physical entropy. Reversible logic gates have same number of input and output hence power loss due to bit erase operation can be avoided. There are many reversible logic structures which can perform different Arithmetic and logic operations as traditional or classical logic structures can do. In this paper, two reversible logic structures are proposed which can perform operation of addition. These logic structures namely proposed design I and Proposed design II, generate carry output signal and carry propagate signal on the basis of two reversible logic gates known as Fredkin gate and Feynman gate. Performance of proposed designs is evaluated in terms of quantum cost, constant input, garbage output and delay. It is found that proposed design II is a better choice over proposed design I and some other existing Designs.


Capacitance and dielectric loss tangent of plasma polymerized styrene films are obtained as a function of temperature. The stability of these films is investigated with heating in a vacuum and in air. It was found that the hydrogen plasma treatment is effective in improving and stabilizing the dielectric properties of the plasma polymerized styrene films.


characterized by structural anarchy. It does not purport to explain the behavior of nonstate actors, the features of internal conflict, and rebellions aimed at capturing the state or, in the case of secessionist struggles, breaking free of the state and creating a new one. A theoretical orientation based on an international relations model inhibits a full and nuanced investigation of the dynamics and passions of internal conflicts and the reasons for their intractability. Nevertheless, Getting In contains rich theoretical insights and excellent case studies, making it a significant contribution to our understanding of the elusive quest for sustainable peace through mediation of civil conflicts. Laurie Nathan London School of Economics, London University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa


The method of evaluation of Clebsch–Gordan coefficients to calculate the direct product of transitive representations for a finite group is developed. This procedure is based on the Mackey theorem and on the canonical realization of transitive representations. It is shown that the Clebsch–Gordan decomposition is associated with a natural interpretation of an orbit of a resultant transitive representation and it is analogous to a fibre bundle with the fibration being determined by constituent transitive representations.


The 5 known North American species of the genus Haematopota are reviewed. New information on distribution and biology, a key to species, illustrations of important taxonomic characters, and distribution maps are provided.


A new method of synthesizing computer generated holograms of real-existing 3-D objects is proposed.A series of projections of the 3-D object from different points of view at two orthogonal directions are recorded by an ordinary digital camera.These recorded data are loaded in a computer and Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)is carried out by MATLAB.These FFT data are sampled.The complex wavefronts of the 3-D object on the later focal plane of a lens are obtained.The generated hologram can be made with the wavefronts.The results show that the 3-D real images of the object can be reconstructed by the method.The method is much simpler.The running speed of the program is increased.The quality of the reconstructed images is improved.And it also indicates a new direction to resolve the limitation of optical source and coherent length to the feasibility of hologram recording while real-existing objects are recorded holographically.


This paper outlines the applications of on-line condition monitoring to steam turbine-generators and illustrate the field by describing two individual on-line monitors (thermal stress monitor and stator coolant monitor) that have been developed. Finally the fully integrated approach to condition monitoring under development is described.


The rapid and widespread development of Information Technology results in a tremendous need for the development of reliable, safe and secure identification of individuals. Henceforth, biometric rightly enters into the field to overcome the aforementioned challenge. Palmprint is considered as a relatively new promising biometric trait that has attained an increasing research interest due to its reliability, stability, distinctiveness, environment flexibility, low-resolution imaging, low-cost capturing device, and user-friendly characteristics. This paper attempts to provide an overview of biometric system operations, palmprint biometric recognition concepts and also it compares the various palmprint feature extraction and matching methods and finally the future research directions are discussed


Oxygen uptake, oxygen utilization and ventilation volume in the abalone Haliotis (Nordotis) discus discus increased with seasonal rise in water temperature. The oxygen uptake was 0.25±0.10 ml/min/kgWW at 13.0°C (January-February) and 1.04±0.13 ml/min/kgWW at 22.0°C (June), and was nearly equal to those of other Gastropoda, Teleost and Bivalvia. The oxygen utilization through the ctenidia (64-78%) and the ventilation volume (111±40 ml/min/kgWW at 13.0°C and 285±61 ml/min/kgWW at 25.0°C) were comparable with those of other Gastropoda and Teleost, but were much larger than those of Bivalvia. The oxygen uptake was elevated by increases in the ventilation volume and the oxygen utilization with rise in water temperature from winter to summer.


Polarisation of discourse participants is a common phenomenon in political discourse and it refers to the process whereby several opposing groups are established. Thus, the study of personality, i.e. the choice of pronouns and the person of the verb, is an important subject for research in parliamentary discourse. With this in mind, the paper focuses on the most frequent perspective used in the Parliament of Montenegro – that of the first person plural of the verb and the use of the pronoun we . We identify the discourse macrostrategies which are employed to develop group identity and mitigate responsibility. Then we provide a list of the most frequent verbs used in this perspective and discuss their form (mood and tense). The results show that spontaneous rebuttals of MPs greatly differ in this respect from parliamentary speeches, which have been prepared in advanced, which points to the fact that there is conscious manipulation.


Federated learning (FL) is a well-regarded distributed machine learning technology that leverages local computing resources while protecting privacy. The over-the-air (OTA) computation has been adopted for FL to prevent excessive consumption of communication resources by employing the superposition nature of wireless waveform. Meanwhile, energy harvesting technology can relieve the energy constraint of clients and enable durable computation for FL. However, few of the existing works on OTA FL have considered jointly performing client selection and receive beamforming optimization with energy harvesting clients. The objective of this work is to address this issue to improve the learning performance of OTA FL. Specifically, we first derive the expression of the optimality gap regarding client selection and receive beamforming design. Then, to minimize the optimality gap, a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem is formulated and decomposed into two sub-problems. Next, the semidefinite relaxation method and the channel-energy-data (CED)-based method are developed to optimize the receive beamforming sub-problem and client selection sub-problem iteratively. One alternative optimization method is proposed to deal with the decoupled sub-problems for obtaining the solutions to the original MINLP problem. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed solution is superior to the other comparison schemes in various parameter settings.


Carbonyl substitution reactions on trans-W(CO) 4 (NO)Cl and isoelectronic Re(CO) 5 Cl were investigated through the construction of ab initio potential energy surfaces. Hartree-Fock-Roothaan calculations for the substitutions by PMe 3 on W(CO) 4 (NO)Cl predict an associative mechanism with a 7-coordinate intermediate.


he makes no mention of any antisyphilitic treatment except in the sentence referred to. This case is very illustrative of the difficulty of diagnosis. During the war it was not uncommon to find in cases of shock from high explosive, although no sign of actual injury was present, that the cerebro-spinal fluid when examined within twenty-four hours of the occurrence showedconsiderable excess of globulin, which entirely cleared up some days later synchronously with the disappearance of the mental confusion. This condition would appear to be associated with a congestive state of the membranes. Given definite trauma in syphilis, specific meningeal infection or flooding with toxins may result, causing symptoms referable to irritation very similar to those mentioned by Dr. Harris as occurring in the case in question. The term " general paralysis " means essentially clinical evidence of invasion of the cortical tissue by the spirochacte, with resulting neuronic destruction. It cannot be diagnosed positively on laboratory findings; even Lange's reaction is Inot conclusive, as it has been met with i,l cases of the meningeal type which respond well to antisyphilitic treatment, and which should not be classified as general paralysis. It is most unwise to emphasize the laboratory findings without due regard to the clinical state. Dr. Power refers in his letter to " half-cured cases. The characteristic remissions of gross mental abnormalities usual in general paralysis, and often prolonged by metabolic stimulants, care, and diet, should not be regarded as evidential of " cure " of the syphilitic process once the diagnosis is established. That there are grave dangers underlying such a tendency, and not only in relation to personal responsibility, must be manifest.I am, etc.,


PURPOSE: The parallel controlling system of a vessel ballast water treating apparatus based on electrolysis is provided to stably control the system by parallelly control a plurality of rectifiers. CONSTITUTION: The parallel controlling system of a vessel ballast water treating apparatus includes one or more rectifiers(21) and a rectifying controlling unit(30). The rectifying controlling unit includes one or more rectifying communication channel parts and a rectifying communication switching part. The rectifying controlling unit includes an emergency stopping signal processing part, a water level detection signal processing part, a flux detection signal processing part, a power supplying part, a main controller, and a memory part.


The effectiveness of livestock farming in great extent depends on the efficiency of animal reproduction. Therefore, researches in this direction acquire theoretical and practical significance. Given the fact that in the practice of reproduction of pigs widely was used the method of artificial insemination of sows' chilled sperm, the purpose of the conducted research was to improve the synthetic mediums through introducing into their composition of the biologically active compounds. As such substance was used L-carnitine. By method of consecutive rows was determined dose-dependent effect of investigated substance included in the base medium on the basis of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. It was found that after dilution of boar sperm the mobility of spermatozoa and their absolute indicator of survival after 12 hours of storage at hypothermic temperatures (16-18 ̊C) is increased by a statistically significant amount. It is concluded about protective and stimulating activity of L-carnitine at the dilution and storage of boar semen.


1. Camera lucida Jose Carlos Avellar 2. Footprints: Risks and Achievements in New Argentine Cinema David Oubina PART I: RETURNS OF THE REAL: RE-ENACTMENT, MEMORY, AND THE UNCANNY 3. Documentary Cinema and the Return of Past Events Andrea Franca 4. Re-Enactment and Transmission in Contemporary Cinema Ivone Margulies 5. The Return of the Natural: Landscape, Nature and the Place of Fiction Edgardo Dieleke 6. Beyond Reflexivity: Acting and Experience in Leon, Rejtman and Coutinho Joanna Page 7. The Scene and the Inscription of the Real Cesar Guimaraes PART II: ARCHIVES OF THE PRESENT 8. Global Periphery Ivana Bentes 9. Exploding Buses: Jose Padilha and the Hijacking of Media Tom Cohen 10. December's Other Scene: New Argentine Cinema and the Crisis of 2001 Jens Andermann 11. Archival Images - Memories of Labor: Citation, Recycling and Appropriation in Contemporary Argentine Cinema Mariano Mestman 12. In Praise of Difficulty: Notes on Realism and Narrative in Contemporary Argentine Film Domin Choi 13. The I as Other: the Real, the Archive and the Witness Alvaro Fernandez Bravo 14. The Documentary Between the First and the Third PersonL Gonzalo Aguilar


The study shows that source and target versions of ads can accurately mirror linguistic preference across source and target environments. It points to culture-specific, genre-specific and gender-specific linguistic preference imprinted in ad discourses. It examines genre-internal variation in print-based advertising in the English-Greek translation paradigm. It explores variation in discursive preference manifested in target versions of business-oriented and cosmetics ads, with a view to indicating that male and female audiences are attributed different social needs in the target environment. If ST/TTs of ads reflect culture-specific hierarchies of deeply felt needs in a society, a lot can be concluded about the immense power of advertising to register fine distinctions with respect to cultural versions of identities, to mould cultural audiences' expectations and to create new social values in target environments.


Background: Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with organ damage, outcome worsening, comorbidities, and mortalities in the patients. This study aimed to investigate the organ manifestation of juvenile SLE (jSLE) onset and the correlation of organ manifestation with disease activity according to the Mexican SLEs disease activity index scores. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study and was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Academic Hospital, Indonesia. The study enrolled 62 subjects with complete medical records, divided into active jSLE (39 subjects) and inactive jSLE (23 subjects). The mean age of all subjects was 11.09 years, with a male/female ratio of 1:3.9. We analyzed the patient's characteristics, laboratory results, and organ manifestations using paired sample t-test, Fischer's Exact Test, and Mann–Whitney U-Test. The correlation between organ manifestation and disease activity was analyzed using Spearman's rho correlation. The odds ratio was analyzed using Mantel-Haenszel Common Odds Ratio Estimation. Results: Malnutrition is still high in jSLE, affecting 45.16% of all subjects. Malar rash (69.23 vs. 41.67%) and bicytopenia (41.03 vs. 12.50%) were significantly higher in active jSLE than inactive. The renal manifestation was correlated with active jSLE than other organ manifestations. Renal has a 19.714-fold higher risk in active jSLE. It had been found that skin and hematological manifestations are the most typical organ manifestations. Conclusions: The renal manifestation was strongly correlated with disease activity and had the highest risk in active jSLE.


Introduction. One of the main factors affecting TB burden is HIV progression and, in turn, PLWH predominantly die of TB.The study purpose was to identify high risk regions of HIV, HIV/TB coinfection in NWFD of Russia between years of 2007 to 2018.Materials and methods. K-means method was applied to identify HIV, HIV/TB incidence, prevalence and mortality rates, as well as share of heterosexual HIV transmission route clusters in 10 regions of NWFD. The need data were extracted from relevant forms of federal statistical observation between 2007 to 2018. NAO was excluded from cluster analysis due to absence of HIV/TB coinfection cases in study period. For holistic understanding of HIV/TB coinfection trends, TB incidence, prevalence and mortality rates were estimated too without including them in cluster analysis.Results. Along with significant reduce in TB cases there was increase in HIV case data in most regions, especially in Arkhangelsk oblast where HIV incidence raised by 617.8% in period analyzed. Meanwhile Kaliningrad oblast became the only region where HIV incidence (–21.5%) and mortality (–65.6%), also HIV/TB incidence (–55.0%) is failed in 2007–2018. Heterosexual HIV transmission risk was high in almost all regions, especially in NAO (100.0%), Pskov (89.2%), Novgorod (78.8%) oblasts. K-means method detected the highest HIV spread in Arkhangelsk oblast (first cluster), lowest — in Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk oblasts and St. Petersburg (third cluster). Other regions with intermediate HIV case data formed second cluster. HIV/TB coinfection most rapidly spreads in Arkhangelsk, Pskov and Novgorod oblasts (first cluster), most slowly — in Kaliningrad, Leningrad oblasts and in St. Petersburg (third cluster). In other regions, spread of HIV/TB coinfection has average rate, forming second intermediate cluster.Conclusion. Along with significant improvement in TB epidemic, spread of HIV and HIV/TB coinfection in regions of NWFD considered as uneven. In regions with high concentration of HIV cases, HIV and HIV/TB coinfection rates are slowed down. Conversely, highest rates of HIV cases, as well as of HIV/TB coinfection case data, are observed in regions with low HIV accumulation, indicating the need to strengthen TB measures in PLWH in regions with a low spread of HIV.


In this paper, we present a new method of language detection. This method is based on language pair discrimination using neural networks as classifier of acoustic features. The neural networks outputs are analyzed with two points of view, first the observed time series is uncorrelated and we sum it, secondly we consider it as correlated and we focus on the maximum continuous duration of each output. No acoustic decomposition of the speech signal is needed. We present an application of our method for the language detection task used for the NIST 2005 language recognition evaluation


INTRODUCTION
Adult dermatomyositis is a rare inflammatory myopathy associated with typical cutaneous lesions and an increased incidence of internal malignancies, notably cancers of the female genital tract. Nevertheless, fallopian tube carcinoma is exceptionally associated with dermatomyositis.

EXEGESIS
We report an unusual case of dermatomyositis because of cutaneous necrosis revealing a cancer of the fallopian tube.

CONCLUSION
Predictive factors of cancer can improve prognosis of dermatomyositis due to earlier diagnosis of associated cancer. In our observation as in literature review, cutaneous necrosis lesions are highly predictive of an associated neoplasia even as rare as a fallopian tube carcinoma.


George Tibbits was one of the first to question seriously Robin Boyd's characterisation of Harold Desbrowe-Annear as a 'pioneer modernist', a view that had dominated discussion of
 that architect until the early 1980s. In his entry on Desbrowe-Annear for the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Tibbits notes that


Activated carbon was used to remove organics from retort waters produced in an above ground oil shale retort. This work included batch equilibrium experiments and continuous packed bed studies. The equilibrium isotherms were nonlinear over the entire liquid concentration range (0 to 2880 mg/L). Break through curves were obtained in packed bed experiments as a function of bed length, particle size, and liquid velocity. Rates of adsorption and mass transfer coefficients were evaluated from the breakthrough curves.


Purpose. The purpose of the work is modeling of economic efficiency of products manufactured by carriage-building plant in conditions of dynamic pricing for different levels to engineering industry controls. Methodology. Economic feasibility of engineering production estimate for economic performance indicators and efficiency is profitability. Profit is economic results, showing the absolute result of the activity of engineering production, excluding used resource. To determine the cost-effectiveness should be applied relative index – profitability, which characterizes the amount of profit received from each monetary unit invested in production. Findings. Indicator of the general level of profitability indicates the general production efficiency of the company and is determined by the ratio of the balance sheet profit to the amount of value of fixed assets and revolving funds. This figure shows how effectively the material resources of the enterprise, thus characterizing the efficiency of investing in the production of the monetary unit. In the context of dynamic pricing was simulated indicator of economic efficiency of products manufactured by carriage-building plant. In addition, this model allows doing the operational control of the economic efficiency of the engineering industry at a variety of price changes on the world market. Indicator of the general level of profitability indicates the general production efficiency of the company and is determined by the ratio of the balance sheet profit to the amount of value of fixed assets and revolving funds. This figure shows how effectively the material resources of the enterprise, thus characterizing the efficiency of investing in the production of the monetary unit. In the context of dynamic pricing was simulated indicator of economic efficiency of products manufactured by carriage-building plant. In addition, this model allows doing the operational control of the economic efficiency of the engineering industry at a variety of price changes on the world market. Originality. Has been further developed a model that describes the indicator of economic efficiency of products, which is produced by carriage-building factories in conditions of dynamic pricing at diversification of engineering production. Practi-cal value. Developed model allows doing the operational control of the economic efficiency of the engineering industry at a variety of price changes on the world market.


Drying of 'desi' katha at six different temperatures, nine relative humidity levels and in Bry-air dehumidifier was studied. Drying was rapid at 30°C but katha characteristics were maintained well when drying was executedat 5 or 10°C. The duration of drying period was longer at 5°C as compared to drying to 30°C. Drying at 40 per cent relative humidity took 50 days as compared to 125 days at 80 per cent relative humidity to achieve the desired moisture content. In Bry-Air dehumidifier, it took only 7 days to achieve the desired moisture content in desi katha as compared to 45 days under traditional factory conditions.


Purpose. To perform a comparative assessment of diagnostic tools and strategies of myocardial revascularization in patients with and without polyvascular disease (PolyVD) based on the findings of perioperative analysis. Materials and methods. The medical records of 2 828 patients, aged 32–84, consecutively admitted to the clinic of the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases between January, 2006, and July, 2010, for coronary artery bypass surgery, were retrospectively reviewed. All the patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 448 (15,48 %) PolyVD patients with clinically manifested or angiographically confirmed obliterating (≥ 60 %) non-cardiac artery lesions. Group 2 (the control group) included 1691(59,79 %) patients without any clinical symptoms of non-coronary atherosclerosis. The incidence rate, structure and causes of in-hospital mortality and type I neurological disorders (i.e. strokes and transient ischemic attacks) were assessed in both groups. Results. The incidence rate of significant non-cardiac occlusive stenotic lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), who had to undergo CABG, was 15,84 %. Simultaneous revascularization of coronary and non-coronary arteries was performed in 2,46 % of patients with CAD and PolyVD and multi-stage surgical procedures were chosen in other cases. Conclusions. The outcomes of CAD surgical treatment were improved in this group of patients due to the implementation of a multidisciplinary team approach, which ensured a proper diagnosis of polyvascular disease.


Production as well as loading of wake exposed wind turbines is known to depend significantly on stability of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL), which adds a new dimension to design of wind farm turbines. Adding this new aspect in wind turbine design makes the number of design cycle computations to blow up with a factor equal to the number of representative stability bin classes. The research question to be answered in this paper is: Can an ABL stability probability distribution in a meaningful way be collapsed into a representative design stability class as based on a (predefined) confidence level.


In a posthumously published work of science fiction (The Dechronization of Sam Magruder, St. Martin's Press, 1996) the American paleontologist George G. Simpson (1902-1984) tells the story of Sam Magruder, a "chronologist" living in 2162 A.D, who was experimenting on the "quantum theory of time-motion" when he suffers a "time-slip" that puts him back in the Late Cretaceous of New Mexico. Helplessly lost in time and with no hope of returning to the present, Magruder ekes out a primitive existence for some years until a fatal accident befalls him. Before his death Magruder manages to chisel out his experience and philosophy of life on eight rock slabs that are recovered many millions of years later; and so his story becomes known and discussed by several Everyman characters.Simpson spins a reasonably engaging tale, but its main interest is the degree to which Magruder's philosophy of life may reflect Simpson's own feelings toward the end of his life. Always more comfortable in expressing his views in writin...


Due to high dynamic response, current-controlled pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage source inverters (VSI) are widely used in high performance AC drive system for Industrial applications. The main objective of current controller is to force the load current vector to follow the reference trajectory in the three-phase load. There are three types of current controllers used in voltage source inverters such as, ramp comparator current controller, hysteresis current controller and predictive current controller etc. This paper mainly focused on novel hysteresis current controller for PWM voltage source inverter using square type hysteresis dead band. This controller provides excellent dynamic response. The study was undertaken by the MATLAB/ Simulink environment in order to validate the results. Fast Fourier transform technique is used to find the THD levels of the three-phase load current waveforms.


Dissipation dynamics and residues of 75% nicosulfuron WDG in corn,corn plant and soil were studied under field conditions.The nicosulfuron was determined by UPLC-MS.The fortified recoveries in corn,corn plant and soil at 0.05-0.2 mg/kg were 78.32%-98.84%,with the relative standard deviation of 1.73%-5.98%.The detection limit of the analytical method was 0.005 ng at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3,and the limit of quantification was 0.002 5 mg/kg in corn,corn plant and soil.The dissipation dynamics of nicosulfuron in the field trials in Henan and Heilongjiang province were investigated in 2009 and 2010.The results showed that the half-life period of nicosulfuron was 0.58-1.45 d in corn plants,and 9.63-13.59 d in soil.The final residues of nicosulfuron in corn,corn plant and soil were all not detected.No residue detected and short half-life in corn,corn plant and soil suggested that nicosulfuron was an easily dissipated and low residue pesticide,so it could be safely used on corn crops when the dosage below 90 g.a.i./ha.


Let G be a block-primitive automorphism group of a 2-(v,k, 1) design. If G is isomorphic to PSL (3,q) where q is odd,then G is also point-primitive.


With the increasing use of simulation in healthcare education, academic and clinical staff are faced with the challenge of initiating and delivering effective simulation as part of their training.


Assisted suicide is illegal in the UK, but a guide for nurses on how to respond if a patient asks for help to die is now available.


Palladium coated copper (PCC) wire bonding on roughen preplated leadframe is a preferred electrical interconnect in the semiconductor package due to its robustness package performances. PCC wire is replacing bare copper wires to eliminate the copper oxidation problem. Whereas, roughen treated preplated leadframe is used to eliminate post-plating of leadframe as well as to enhance the adhesion of leadframe to the epoxy mold compounds. However, role of the plating thickness of roughen preplated leadframe on the PCC wire has not yet been fully understood. Thus, this paper investigates stitch bonding strength of PCC wire on the AuAg/Pd/Ni/Cu preplated leadframe with different AuAg plating thickness. Stitch pull test results on PCC wire bonding on different preplated leadframe showed higher stitch bonding strength for samples with higher AuAg plating thickness. Optical micrographs showed mechanical failure at bond heel of test sample, due to higher tensile stress during the pull test. Thicker AuAg layers may provide greater cushioning effect against wire deformation at bond heel during stitch bonding process. This in turns increased the stitch bonding strength of the PCC wire bond. STEM micrograph and EDX line-scan profile in all samples showed formation of interdiffusion zone at the PCC wire/ leadframe bonding interface. At the distinct bonding interface, interdiffusion zone extended from Pd layer of PCC wire to Pd layer of leadframe, where Pd species from both sides were intermixed. Whereas at blurred bonding interface, interdiffusion zone was extended further to Pd/Ni interface region. Formation of interdiffusion zone may strengthened wire bond between the PCC wire and the leadframe, thus prevented bond delamination during the stitch pull strength test.


Sampling during four summers over a twenty-seven year period has documented dense populations of Salpa aspera in the Slope Water south of New England, northeastern United States. The salps demonstrated a strong pattern of diel vertical migration, moving to depth (mostly 600–800m) during the day and aggregating in the epipelagic ðo100mÞ at night. Filtration rates determined from both gut pigment analysis and direct feeding experiments indicated that both the aggregate and solitary stages filtered water at rates ranging from 0.5 to 6 l h 1 ml 1 biovolume. Maximum displacement volumes of salps measured were 5:7 lm 2 in 1986 and 1:6 lm 2 in 1993. Depending on the year, the sampled salp populations were calculated to clear between 8 and 74% of the upper 50m during each 8 h night. Total fecal output for the same populations was estimated to be between 5 and 91mgCm 2 night . These results, and other observations, suggest this region is a salp ''hot spot'', with swarms of S. aspera developing seasonally on a frequent basis. r 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.


In order to remove Gaussian noise and impulse noise from video data,a nonlocal video denoising algorithm based on S1/2 matrix norm is proposed.Firstly,using a diamond search algorithm for fast patch-matching,some patches similar to the given reference patch are found and collected in the video data.Secondly,all of the columns of similarity patches are recombined to form a new matrix and the new matrix is decomposed into a low rank matrix and a sparse matrix based on S1/2 matrix norm.The low rank matrix represents the scene information data of the original video and the sparse matrix represents the impulse noise data and outliers existing in the noisy video.Lastly,the estimated values of a denoised reference patch are determined by taking the weighted average of all the data recovered from the low rank matrix,and the estimated values of the denoised frame are got based on the combinations of all the recovered reference patches in a frame.Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can effectively remove Gaussian noise and impulse noise from the video.Compared with two existing state-of-art algorithms,the proposed algorithm has noticeable superiority in both visual effect and objective evaluation.


Many older people do not use the Internet. We investigated the attitudes of older people who do (onliners) or do not (offliners) use the Internet, to assess their views of the Internet and whether they see the Internet as a resource for coping with everyday life situations. Participants aged ≥65 years (N = 1,037), living in Switzerland, were interviewed in a telephone survey. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted. The data show (a) many of the respondents viewed the Internet as useful, in general, and for coping with everyday life situations; (b) onliners saw more positive aspects of the Internet than did offliners; and (c) among onliners, 53% agreed with the statement, "The Internet allows me to stay independent longer into old age." However, it appears that especially older onliners with a high affinity for technology will presumably use the Internet to cope with everyday life.


Through a comparative study between some institutions dedicated to distance education identified the characteristics, functions and competences that a professor should have in order to participate in higher education programs at the "Instituto Politecnico Nacional," and to work as a tutor through the use of Information and Communication Technologies. For the selection of these three items recovered from various proposals, which were also integrated into a model, was taken as reference the current education program in the institute. The elements that identify this teacher are: job requirements, educational background, personal attributes, academic activities and tutorial actions; also the candidate performs functions such as teaching, updating, interaction, feedback, support, evaluation and research. The adequate competences are cognitive, educational, interpersonal, technical and related to research.


The spatial distribution patterns of Stenopsocus gansuensis eggs in Zanthoxylum bungeanum field were analyzed using six methods and the reasons for aggregated distribution were analyzed with Taylor power law and lwao regression equation.Results indicated that the aggregated distribution of S.gansuensis eggs in field fitted the negative binomial series kc=2.7934;the reason for aggregation may be due to the insect natural habit.Based on the distribution pattern,the formula of theoretical sampling number N=(t/D)2(1.7673)/m+0.19887 was established based on lwao′s theoretical sampling number model;the formula of sequential sampling Tn=1.7673/(D20-0.19887/n) was proposed using Kuno new method of sequential sampling.


A series of 1-(aminoalkyl)- and 1-[(4-aryl-1-piperazinyl)alkyl]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives of oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2(1H)-one, incorporating modifications to the length of the alkyl side chain and to the amino or 4-aryl-1-piperazinyl substituents, were tested for safety and analgesic efficacy in mice and rats. Some compounds with 4-(substituted or nonsubstituted phenyl)-1-piperazinyl substituents and a 3-4-carbon alkyl side chain had significantly greater analgesic activity than that of the oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-one analogs. To reduce the metabolic N-dealkylation of the piperazine observed in our previous work on oxazolo[4,5-b]-pyridin-2(3H)-ones, analogs of the most active compounds with steric hindrance on the alkyl side chain were prepared and tested. The compound with the maximal combination of safety and analgesic efficacy was 1-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]propyl]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin- 2(1H)-one (compound 3b), with ED50 values of 5.6 mg/kg po (mouse, phenylquinone writhing test) and 0.5 mg/kg po (rat, acetic acid writhing test). Compound 3b is a potent, rapid-acting, non-opioid, nonantiinflammatory analgesic with low acute toxicity and sustained effect.


This paper presents an object-oriented system design supporting the composition of scientific data visualization techniques based on the definition of hierarchies of typed data objects and tools. Traditional visualization systems focus on creating graphical objects which often cannot be re-used for further processing. Our approach provides objects of different topological dimension to offer a natural way of describing the results of visualization mappings. Serial composition of data extraction tools is allowed, while each intermediate visualization object shares a common description and behavior. Visualization objects can be re-used, facilitating the data exploration process by expanding the available analysis and correlation functions provided. This design offers an open-ended architecture for the development of new visualization techniques. It promotes data and software re-use, eliminates the need for writing special purpose software and reduces processing requirements during interactive visualization sessions.<<ETX>>


Internet has been praised by prominent scientists as the one unit~ying technology that can help rise above the epidemic of tribal animosities appearing worldwide. It is supposed to be blind to color, race, religion, gender, and age: only a person's words count. It is supposed to offer an egalitarian culture to a stressed and fragmented world. While there are many examples of successful collaborations in the Internet, misinformation and animosities still threaten civil and rational debate on critical issues. Email is an effective and fast way to communicate. To help avoid misinterpretations, miscoordinations, mistrust, incivilities, and other problems peculiar to this medium, I have collected the following guidelines from experienced network users. They are most helpful in the workplace, where if practiced by everyone, they would contribute to mutual trust and respect. • If you make a request, mark it as such and indicate the deadline for response. • If you receive a request, do not ignore it. Respond promptly with accept, decline, counteroffer, or promise to respond at another time. • If you do not receive a response, do not assume you are being ignored. Send a followup. Email occasionally fails, and people do not read everything they receive. • If people are not meeting a promised deadline, be persistent , follow up. Blaming them won't speed progress toward your goal. • If you find you cannot meet a previously promised deadline, tell those expecting your response. They can revise their own actions to account for your new promise. Unless you are working within a group having a prior agreement not to redistribute outside the group, never say anything in email about a third party that you would not say directly to that party. There is a good chance that what you say will reach that person, even if marked confidential. • Avoid flaming, even flaming marked as such. It is almost always taken as an insult. • If a discussion with another person is not converging or is becoming emotionally charged, stop using email. Pick up the phone and talk, or go see the person. Email comments in an emotionally charged situation are often misinterpreted. Prompt, direct conversation usually puts things right. • As a default assume that what struck you as an insult was unintended by the author. Talk with that person. • If you must respond in email to an emotionally charged matter, let your draft …


This short technical note investigates the stability of a plane strain square tunnel in homogeneous undrained clay using shear strength reduction technique. The finite difference program FLAC is used to determine the factor of safety for unsupported square tunnels where an automatic generation of program script is developed using FISH programming. This developed procedure enables parametric studies to be conducted in an effective way with great efficiency. Numerical results, expressed in term of factor of safety, are compared with published classical upper and lower bound limit solutions. The comparison between these two numerical methods finds a very good agreement and the confidence level of the current FLAC model has increased significantly. With the success of model validations, a number of stability design charts for square tunnels using dimensionless ratios are presented for practical scenarios in a similar way to Taylor's slope stability charts. Examples are illustrated to show the potential usefulness of the produced design charts for practicing engineers.


Research for the period August, 1987--October, 1988 directed at improving the performance of laser grooved, buried contact crystalline silicon solar cells and of polycrystalline silicon cells is described. Key results include the demonstration of 20.6% energy conversion efficiency for 12 cm/sup 2/ laser grooved crystalline cells and 19.6% for 47 cm/sup 2/ cells of the same type. Several of the larger cells were encapsulated into 28 cm square mini-modules which demonstrated efficiencies up to 17%, significantly higher than previously established figures for silicon modules. Polycrystalline cell efficiency up to 17.8% was demonstrated during the project, again appreciably higher than previous results. 17 refs.


Reflecting the software fault debugging procedure or environment of testing activities on software reliability models is often discussed as the approaches for improving assessment accuracy for model-based reliability assessment. We discuss a modeling approach reflecting software debugging procedure based on phase-type modeling scheme and propose probability models for software reliability measurement. Further, we give brief consideration for the usefulness of this modeling approach by using a few data sets.


This article is the result of a theoretical and data from the archaeological project STUDY  archaeological heritage, landscape and GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL BOARD OF  SAINTS. BASES FOR ECO-DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. (Code 5254), developed  in 2012, in the village of the Teres, town of Los Santos, Santander, Colombia, which was  developed under the theoretical framework of landscape archeology. From the results,  we take only the part concerning housing sites (settlements) and arranging them in the  landscape, in order to understand the spatial distribution of settlements, in the territorial  context and thereby understand their built physical structure of the settlement, as primary  source for further towards the urban theme from the prehispanic documentary source. keywords:  Cultures Preguane-Guane , society, pre-hispanic Guane Guane settlement  patterns. Guane Territory


According to appeasement hypotheses, embarrassment should have a distinct nonverbal display that is more readily perceived when displayed by individuals from lower status groups. The evidence from 5 studies supported these two claims. The nonverbal behavior of embarrassment was distinct from a related emotion (amusement), resembled the temporal pattern of facial expressions of emotion, was uniquely related to self-reports of embarrassment, and was accurately identified by observers who judged the spontaneous displays of various emotions. Across the judgment studies, observers were more accurate and attributed more emotion to the embarrassment displays of female and AfricanAmerican targets than those of male and Caucasian targets. Discussion focused on the universality and appeasement function of the embarrassment display. Since universal facial expressions of a limited set of emotions were first documented (Ekman & Friesen, 1971; Ekman, Sorenson, & Friesen, 1969; Izard, 1971), sparse attention has been given to facial expressions of other emotions. The resulting lacuna in the field—that the emotions with identified displays are fewer (7 to 10) than the states that lay people (Fehr & Russell, 1984) and emotion theorists (Ekman, 1992; Izard, 1977; Tomkins, 1963, 1984) label as emotions—presents intriguing possibilities. Displays of other emotions may be blends of other emotional displays, unidentifiable, or may await discovery.


ioral implications of attitudes about the world [Chapter 5] would be quite useful in most undergraduate courses in theology and religious studies, helping students to greater self-understanding and facilitating defenses against manipulation by forces they rarely advert to. It can also be helpful in courses dedicated to building Christian community. The discussion questions at the end of most chapters can lead to deeper spirituality. Oddly, Warren complains about the lack of attention given to these cultural issues in contemporary catechetics and never cites the work of Thomas Groome or Robert Schreiter, who have addressed these matters in some depth. His stance toward media and culture seems defensive and overcritical, without much sense of how the dynamics he critiques might be put at the service of spreading and enculturating the Good News.


This introductory chapter sets the tone for what follows in the subsequent chapters on natural resource management linked sustainable development, with emphasis on biodiversity rich areas. The emphasis on mountain regionsis particularly appropriate in the context of the U.N. sponsored International Year of the Mountains 2002. The basic framework for applying a socio-ecological system approach to natural resource management has been set, which forms the basis for what follows in the following chapters. This is an area which has just started receiving attention.


The utility model discloses an automatic membrane packaging machine. The automatic membrane packaging machine comprises a rack, a membrane-sending mechanism arranged in the rack, a membrane packaging mechanism, a membrane-sucking mechanism and a detection carrying mechanism, the membrane-sending mechanism and the membrane packaging mechanism are arranged at the bottom of the rack, the membrane-sucking mechanism and the detection carrying mechanism are arranged in the middle of the rack, and the membrane-sucking mechanism reciprocates above the membrane-sending mechanism and the membrane packaging mechanism. By means of the mode, the automatic membrane packaging machine has the advantages of being high in reliability, accurate in positioning, high in production efficiency, low in cost and the like.


What is it to justify a decision or an action or a law or a policy? Is it the same as to justify an inference or a belief? Is it analogous? Is legal justification the same as political justification, and are both the same as moral justification? I shall try in this paper to differentiate and to characterize legal and political justification and to show their possible relation to moral justification. I begin by assuming a conception of justification that I take to be capable of including many of its possible forms. To justify a position or an action is to give reasons for its acceptance or performance which a reasonable person ought to find persuasive. The reasons must not be part of the position or action itself. (If a person is asked, "Why are you voting for this resolution," an answer such as, "Because I am raising my arm," would not be justificatory.) An adequate justification will provide adequate grounds for acceptance of the position justified. To claim that something is justifiable is to claim that, given sufficient inquiry, it would eventually be found to be justified.2


Based on identifying the sememes daodǐ(到底) as a word,this paper describes the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic features of daodǐ as a phrase,a time adverb,a mood adverb of annotation or interrogation.


This document contains three 1995 annual reports, organized by sections. The first section contains the Lake Roosevelt Data Collection Project report. The second section contains the Lake Roosevelt Monitoring Program report, and the third section contains the Kokanee Salmon Imprinting report. These three projects were interdependent upon one another for data collection and interpretation. As a result, the authors combined the three annual report into one document in order to provide the reader with all aspects of the related analysis. Each section includes an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, recommendations, references and appendices. In each discussion section, they have attempted to relate the results of the studies to existing knowledge, and speculate on management recommendations.


In this paper,we breed hybridizing queen of the Jiangshan Honey Bee No.2 and French Apis mellifera ligustica through the technology of artificially feeding plasma of Apiscerana cerana,and then 6 ext ernal morpho-logical characters of the workers were measured and analyzed with the soft ware start view,the 6 ext ernal morpho-logical characters include the length of proboscis,the length of the right forewing,the width of the right forewing,the length of 3 tergums,index of the cubit us and the number of the hooks on the wing.The workers were from the Jiangshan Honey Bee No.2 colonies,French Apis mellifera ligustica colonies,local Apis cerana cerana colonies,the 1 hybridizing offspring(F1) and the 2 consecutive hybridizing offspring(F2) the 3 consecut ive hybridizing offspring(F3) as well as the 4 consecutive hybridizing offspring(F4) of nutritional crossbreeding French A.M.L queen and the Jiangshan Honey Bee No.2 drone colonies.The result showed there was a trend that close to Apis cerana cerana colonies in the 5 morphological characters of F4 workers.There were significant smaller than F4 workers,the Jiangshan Honey Bee No.2 workers,French Apis mellifera ligustica workers and local Apis cerana cerana workers in the length of proboscis,the widt hand length of the right forewing,the number of the hooks on the right wing and index of the cubit us,the length of 3 tergums of F4 workers is significant longer than the Jiangshan Honey Bee No.2 workers,French Apis mellifera ligustica colonies and local Apis cerana cerana workers;The length of proboscis,the width of the right forewing and index of the cubit us of F4 workers are significant different to F1,F2 and F3.But the length of 3 tergums of F4 workers is significant longer than F1,F2 and F3.


Abstract A transient thermal model of the lunar surface and regolith was developed along with analytical techniques which will be used to evaluate the storage of cryogenic fluids at equatorial and polar landing sites. The model can provide lunar surface and subsurface temperatures as a function of latitude and time throughout the lunar cycle and season. It also accounts for the presence of or lack of the undisturbed fluff layer on the lunar surface. The model was validated with Apollo 15 and Clementine data and shows good agreement with other analytical models. Introduction Future missions to the Moon will include long duration habitation of the lunar surface. During those periods, cryogenic propellants and fluids for life support will require provisions for long term, low boil-off storage. To prevent excessive boil-off of these cryogens, insulation techniques and low-heat-loss supports need to be designed and evaluated. Furthermore, passive or active heat removal systems may be required depending on the thermal environment of the surrounding. In this analysis a model was developed to predict the time dependent lunar surface temperatures at polar and near polar locations. The thermal environment was defined during day and night periods. The day time temperatures are fairly straight forward to calculate but night time temperatures are a function how much heat is stored in the subsurface, how well the heat is transferred into and out of the regolith, and the internal heat generation of the planet. Due to seasonal variations, polar locations can have periods of constant sun light during the summer that can last many months followed by constant night time conditions for the remainder of the year; except, some high elevations, such as crater rims, can experience constant daylight (ref. 1) during 70 percent of the winter. The lunar cycle lasts 656 hr, which is 27 Earth days. The Apollo (ref. 2) missions measured surface temperatures at 20° and 26° N latitude that ranged from 102 to 384 K with an average of 254 K. The monthly range was ±140 K. There are no accurate temperature measurements of the polar regions but Clementine data (ref. 3) just suggests that it is less than 200 K. Analytical models of Vasavada, et al (ref. 4) have predicted day time surface temperatures at 85° N latitude of 225 K, while the nighttime predictions were 70 K. This analysis first develops a transient thermal model of the regolith and compares it with empirical data from the Apollo 15 and 17 missions and the long-wave infrared survey of the lunar surface by the Clementine spacecraft. This served to validate the thermal model, permitting its use for the predictions of surface temperatures and heat leaks into cryogenic propellant and life support tanks in support of the Exploration Systems Architecture Studies.


the issues raised by him. As it is in our series, the number of cases is small in many other studies, so it is obvious that the 95% con®dence limits will be wide. Although larger series are needed to con®rm our results, we ®nd our approach very useful in daily practice, coupled with the clinical and radiological ®ndings. Nevertheless, we are grateful to Dr Bishop for supplementing Table 3. Unfortunately, given the small size of the samples, we were not able to apply all of the antisera in every case. Finally, it is beyond the scope of this letter to analyse the criteria used by editors for the acceptance of manuscripts.


For thousands of years mankind has used the resources of flora in the treatment of various diseases. There are reports, for example, of the use of plants for therapeutic purposes dating back to 3000 BC in the Chinese work Pen Ts'ao by Shen Nung (Tyler, 1996; Ko, 1999). In 78 AD, the Greek botanist Pedanios Dioscorides described about 600 medicinal plants and this treaty remained as a reference source for more than fourteen centuries (Robbers et al., 1996; Tyler, 1996). The therapeutic properties of certain plants were discovered and propagated from generation to generation as a part of the popular culture through observation and experimentation by primitive people (Turolla & Nascimento, 2006). In the sixteenth century, the Swiss physician Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, known as Paracelsus (1493 1541), formulated the "Theory of Signatures" based on the latin proverb similia similibus curantur, which means "alike cures alike". According to this theory it was believed that the shape, color, flavor and odor of the plants were related to their therapeutical properties, giving clues to their clinical use. Some of these plants have become part of the allopathic and homeopathic pharmacopoeias since the nineteenth century, when their therapeutic basis started to be investigated (Elvin-Lewis, 2001). The isolation of morphine from Papaver somniferum in 1803 by the pharmacist Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturmer marked the beginning of the extraction process of active ingredients from plants. Since then, other substances have been isolated, such as quinine and quinidine obtained from Cinchona sp in 1819, and atropine from Atropa belladonna, in 1831, which started to be used instead of plant extracts (Tyler 1996; Schulz, 2001). The production of drugs by chemical synthesis, the growing of the economic power of pharmaceutical industries and the lack of scientific evidence on the efficacy of substances from plant origin combined with the difficulty of chemical, physico-chemical, pharmacological and toxicological control of plant extracts used so far, boosted their replacement by synthetic drugs (Rates, 2001). After the 1960s, there was a lack of interest from pharmaceutical companies and research institutes in the search for new substances from plant origin. This fact was due to the belief that the main active ingredients from known herbal drugs had already been isolated and all possible chemical modifications in these substances had


Recent work in serial verb constructions (SVCs) casts them as complex predicates (Baker, 1989; Collins, 2002; Stewart, 2001). We propose that two classes of SVCs exist in Hmong: resultative and consequential. The states and events associated with each construction impact the syntactic structure. For a resultative SVC—composed of a transitive verb followed by an unaccusative verb—its object undergoes a change of state. The unaccusative verb represents the object's new state, and the transitive verb represents the manner of the change. The unaccusative verb's object is PRO following Collins (2002), which is co-referenced with the transitive verb's object. Only one overt object exists for a resultative SVC. Two transitive verbs—sharing the same subject— constitute consequential SVCs. pro represents the empty category for a consequential SVC, following Stewart (2001). For the resultative SVC (1), the covert object PRO merges as the unaccusative verb's complement. PRO is bound to its antecedent—the object of the transitive verb. In the consequential SVC (2), the empty category pro also merges as the second transitive verb's object, but it is free from its antecedent. We propose that these empty categories distinguish between the syntactic and thematic structure of Hmong SVCs. Furthermore, C-selectional features represent the assigned θ-roles for each verb in the SVC. This presentation focuses on the syntactic structure of Hmong SVCs. The proposed analysis follows a generative framework, particularly the MP (Chomsky, 1995), and previous work in GB theory (Chomsky, 1981). We motivate parameters for Hmong SVCs based on SVC analyses given by Stewart (2001) and Collins (1997). We demonstrate how the principles Merge, Move, and Checking build the syntactic structure. The operation Merge builds syntactic structure based on lexical properties inherent to each construction. Thus the proposal we give for Merge and its selectional categories is based on both syntactic and semantic features. For example, unaccusative verbs serve as change of state predicates for resultative constructions, which is visible in the syntax for Merge. We also propose that the head of vP checks strong features motivating movement of verbal constituents based on Collins's (2002) version of Local Move. This predicts the proper order for movement of constituents in these two constructions. Finally, Checking of apsectual features is strong in Hmong and considered here as part our analysis. We propose that aspect and tense are integral to the syntactic structure of Hmong, and serve as functional projections in the clause. Tense in Hmong is not overt. Aspect, however, is represented as an overt functional projection. Aspectual markers for completion and attainment are functional words (Li, 1991). We include Control, negation, and Case assignment as part of our analysis. Control and negation provide evidence in Hmong for the empty categories in (1) and (2). Assignment of accusative Case motivates the different syntactic structures proposed for resultative and consequential SVCs.


The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has lead to vast comparative genome sequences. The construction of gene-gene interaction networks or dependence graphs on the genome scale is vital for understanding the regulation of biological processes. Different dependence graphs can provide different information. Some existing methods for dependence graphs based on high-order partial correlations are sparse and not informative when there are latent variables that can explain much of the dependence in groups of genes. Other methods of dependence graphs based on correlations and first-order partial correlations might have dense graphs. When genes can be divided into groups with stronger within group dependence in gene expression than between group dependence, we present a dependence graph based on truncated vines with latent variables that makes use of group information and low-order partial correlations. The graphs are not dense, and the genes that might be more central have more neighbors in the vine dependency graph. We demonstrate the use of our dependence graph construction on two RNA-seq data sets -- yeast and prostate cancer. There is some biological evidence to support the relationship between genes in the resulting dependence graphs. A flexible framework is provided for building dependence graphs via low-order partial correlations and formation of groups, leading to graphs that are not too sparse or dense. We anticipate that this approach will help to identify groups that might be central to different biological functions.


The sensation of pain at the surgical site may be increased and persist for long periods after the noxious stimulus has been removed. Post-operative pain from the extraction of impacted molar may cause serious discomfort to the patient resulting in considered moderate to severe in intensity. Analgesia for this surgical procedure is related to the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, analgesics of central and peripheral actions used in combination or individually. The aim of this review is to show an update about the use and the physiological bases for indications of the analgesic therapy in third molar surgery.


The Mott insulator $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has generated great interest in the community due to its possible field-induced Kitaev quantum spin liquid state. Despite enormous effort spent trying to obtain the form of the low energy Hamiltonian, there is currently no agreed upon set of parameters which is able to explain all of the data. A key piece of missing information lies in the determination of the magnetic form factor of Ru$^{3+}$, particularly for a true quantitative treatment of inelastic neutron scattering data. Here we present the experimentally derived magnetic form factor of Ru$^{3+}$ in the low spin 4$d^5$ state using polarized neutron diffraction within the paramagnetic regime on high quality single crystals of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$. We observe strong evidence of an anisotropic form factor, expected of the spin-orbit coupled $j_{\textrm{eff}} = \frac{1}{2}$ ground state. We model the static magnetization density in increasing complexity from simple isotropic cases, to a multipolar expansion, and finally \emph{ab initio} calculations of the generalized $j_{\textrm{eff}} = \frac{1}{2}$ ground state. Comparison of both single ion models and inclusion of Cl$^-$ anions support the presence of hybridization of Ru$^{3+}$ with the surrounding Cl$^{-}$ ligands.


Background: The recent trend of the treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms(UIAs) is going to be conservative. Their natural history of rupture and growth is still unkown. We present the results of annual radiological follow-up study in UIAs. Method: In recent 12 years, we have found 121patients with 148 unruptured cerebral aneurysms were followed annually using 3D-CTA or MRA. Mean follow-up period was 5.5 year. Several factors influencing rupture or growth were statistically examined. Results: Among 121 patients, 9 ruptured and 11 showed growth of UIAs. Annual rupture rate was 1.3% per year and annual growth rate was 1.6% per year. Aneurysm size was the sole factor influencing rupture(P Conclusions: By annual radiological examination, growth of UIAs was noted more frequently than aneurysm rupture. Especially UIAs under 3mm, growth was 4 times higher than rupture, radiological follow up is effective for aneurysm rupture. Within 1 year, initially found UIAs should be carefully followed in a short interval.


Stress can remain in a material after the original load is removed. It can be purposely introduced to improve the properties of structural components, but can also be undesired, shortening a component's lifetime, changing its original geometry or even leading to failure. There is a large spectrum of problems where residual stress must be evaluated. An acousto-elastic approach is non-destructive and uses stress-dependent alterations in ultrasound (US) speed of bulk or surface modes [1]. However, these alterations are incredibly small (10-3 ÷ 10-5) and, thus, accurate measurement of both the US wave speed and propagation distance is required. Thickness measurement is not required for surface acoustic waves (SW) as compared to bulk acoustic modes. However, it requires a well determined distance between source and detector and very accurate time-of-flight measurement.


Theoretical frameworks in psychology map the relationships between emotions and sentiments. In this paper, we study the role of such mapping for computational emotion detection from text (e.g., social media) with an aim to understand the usefulness of an emotion‐rich corpus of documents (e.g., tweets) to learn polarity lexicons for sentiment analysis. We propose two different methods that leverage a corpus of emotion‐labelled tweets to learn word‐polarity lexicons. The proposed methods model the emotion corpus using a generative unigram mixture model, combined with the emotion‐sentiment mapping proposed in psychology for automated generation of word‐polarity lexicons that capture emotion‐rich vocabulary. We comparatively evaluate the quality of the proposed mixture model in learning emotion‐aware sentiment lexicons with those generated using supervised latent dirichlet allocation (sLDA) and word‐document‐frequency (WDF) statistics. Sentiment analysis experiments on benchmark Twitter data sets confirm the quality of our proposed lexicons. Further, a comparative analysis with sLDA, WDF‐based emotion‐aware lexicons, and standard sentiment lexicons that are agnostic to emotion knowledge suggests that the proposed lexicons lead to a significantly better performance in both sentiment classification and sentiment intensity prediction tasks.


Possibility of managing the state of the induction motor in start-up mode changing of the total resistance in the stator circuit is studied. Analytical dependence is received determining the desired value of resistance. The results of calculations are shown


The study presents the contents of the letters from the private archive of Major Jerzy Sosnowski, a Polish military intelligence officer operating in Berlin in 1926-1934. The letters are addressed to his father and come from 1937 and 1938. The text presents Major Sosnowski's profile. Then the circumstances in which the letters were written and their meaning are discussed. Their content was analyzed against the background of the criminal trial before the Military District Court No. I in Warsaw and regarding the current state of knowledge about Major Sosnowski's fate from crossing the German-Polish border in April 1936 until the sentence in June 1939. The content of the letters proves their author's personal harm and violations of the law preceding criminal proceedings before the Polish military court, and to some extent, also provide insight into the trial for which the primary sources (court records) have not been preserved.


We point out that the statements in [hep-th/9903063] concerning the regularity of static axially symmetric solutions in Yang-Mills-dilaton (YMD) [1] and Einstein-Yang-Mills(-dilaton) (EYMD) theory [2,3] are incorrect, and that the non-singular local gauge potential of the YMD solutions [4] is twice differentiable.


Purpose - – This paper aims to investigate the rounding-up in reported income numbers of Indian companies by examining the evidence of unusual occurrence of zero and nine in reported income numbers such as profit after tax and earnings per share (EPS). It also examines such rounding-up patterns under different scenarios such as companies varying across different time periods, income size, market capitalization, industries, initial public offering and earnings news. Design/methodology/approach - – All 1,707 companies listed on National Stock Exchange of India were considered for analysis. This study covered a period of 21 years from 1991-1992 to 2011-2012. Data were collected from PROWESS database. Findings - – In Indian companies, the rounding-up pattern in reported income numbers is in conformity with existing studies (Carslaw, 1988; Thomas, 1989). In case of income numbers, the observed proportionate occurrence of zero and nine is significantly different from the expected proportionate occurrence. The study found that anomalies in reported earnings vary across industry. Further, it is found that the per cent deviations are more in case of companies having high income levels, high market capitalization and with positive news. Research limitations/implications - – In future studies, it will be interesting to develop a model reflecting the causes for such rounding-up of income numbers. Practical implications - – The paper provides an insight analysis on the rounding-up behavior of Indian companies and facilitates the understanding of occurrence of such anomalies under various scenarios. This paper may be useful to all the users of accounting information. Originality/value - – First study on examining the rounding-up of reported income numbers and EPS by companies in India.


? Objective To evaluate the efficacy of carvedilol in mild or moderate essential hypertension. Methods Sixty essential hypertension patients were randomly divided into carvedilol group (30 cases) and atenolol group (30 cases). Carvedilol (10~40mg) was given to carvedilol group once a day for 8 weeks. Atenolol (25~100mg) was given to atenolol group once a day for 8 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured and symptoms and signs were recorded. Results ①After treatment blood pressure was significantly decreased in both groups. The reduction of blood pressure was 28.3/20.1mmHg in carvedilol group and it was 23.5/16.9mmHg in atenolol group (compared with that before the treatment, P 0.01). There was no significant difference between these two groups ( P 0.05).②The overall efficacy rate for carvedilol therapy was 86.7%, and it was 76.7% in atenolol group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P 0.05 ).③After treatment the heart rate was also decreased in both groups (compared with that before the treatment, P 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P 0.05). Conclusion The treatment with carvedilol can get good effects in mild or moderate essential hypertension, which shows that the carvedilol is an effective and safe anti hypertensive medicine.


The study reported here contributes to investigation of over time interlanguage development in an instructed acquisition setting. In particular, it examines the development of word order within VP in the L3 English of 45 Spanish/ Catalan bilinguals with knowledge of L2 German. The analysis of the data (factorizing procedure, distributional analysis, implicational scaling) suggests that development can be sequenced into stages, though transition across stages is gradual. Moreover, development is constrained by knowledge of a non-native language previously learned (i.e., by crosslinguistic in uence).


The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the urgency to understand and prevent pathogen transmission, specifically regarding infectious airborne particles. Extensive studies validate the understanding of larger (droplets) and smaller (aerosols) particles in disease transmission. Similarly, N95 respirators, and other forms of respiratory protection, have proven efficacy in reducing the risk of infection across various environments. Even though multiple studies confirm their protective effect when adopted in healthcare and public settings for infection prevention, studies on their adoption over the last several decades in both clinical trials and observational studies have not provided as clear an understanding. Here we show that the standard analytical equations used in the analysis of these studies do not accurately represent the random variables impacting study results. By correcting these equations, it is demonstrated that conclusions drawn from these studies are heavily biased and uncertain, providing little useful information. Despite these limitations, we show that when outcome measures are properly analyzed, existing results consistently point to the benefit of N95 respirators over medical masks, and masking over its absence. Correcting errors in widely reported meta-analyses also yields statistically significant estimates. These findings have important implications for study design and using existing evidence for infection control policy guidelines.


In this paper,the effects of exogenous NO on the activities of several secondary metabolism key enzymes and the contents of total alkaloids and guanosine in regenerated Pinellia ternate plantlets were studied.The results showed that exogenous NO enhanced the activities of PAL(phenylanlanine ammonialyase),GOT(glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase) and GOGAT(glutamate synthase) and increased the contents of total alkaloids and guanosine of regenerated P.ternate in different concentration treatments,of which 1 mmol/L SNP(the donor of NO) gave the best results and increased alkaloids and guanosine contents by 66.2% and 190.9%,respectively.Exogenous NO promoted the activities of PAL,GOGAT and GOT in regenerated P.ternate plantlets,which accelerated the assimilation and conversion efficiency of inorganic nitrogen and furnish more precursor of secondary metabolism.Furthermore,the contents of alkaloids and guanosine increased correspondingly.


Tor provides low-latency anonymous and uncensored network access against a local or network adversary. Due to the design choice to minimize traffic overhead (and increase the pool of potential users) Tor allows some information about the client's connections to leak. Attacks using (features extracted from) this information to infer the website a user visits are called Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks. We develop a methodology and tools to measure the amount of leaked information about a website. We apply this tool to a comprehensive set of features extracted from a large set of websites and WF defense mechanisms, allowing us to make more fine-grained observations about WF attacks and defenses.


The theory of the passage of ultracold neutrons through matter is reviewed. The methods of the theory of multiple scattering are used to obtain an expression for an optical potential describing the interaction of neutrons of this energy range with matter. The influence of inhomogeneity of the scattering medium on the damping and dispersion law of a coherent neutron wave is considered.


This letter presents a quantitative method for analyzing the effect of sensor resolution on grasp stability prediction. Resolution limits for contact sensors are expressed as a range of contact locations and contact surface normals that cannot be disambiguated by the sensor. Grasp quality is assessed at the limits of this range to determine whether the uncertainties caused by sensor resolution lead to uncertainty in grasp outcome prediction. The analysis also enables calculation of the specific contact locations on an object where the tactile sensors are trustworthy and where the object is reliably graspable. Our approach lays the foundation for quantitative evaluation in design tradeoffs in sensor choices and sensor layout, as well as finger shapes and materials.


Both exsanguination and thrombogenic complications pose threats to the life processes of post-operative patients who have undergone cardiopulmonary bypass. Platelet extraction by extracorporeal tubing contributes significantly to these risks.
This study demonstrates platelet adhesion to polyvinyl chloride and silicone rubber. Experiments were carried out by preparing extracorporeal circuits for three dogs. Polyvinyl chloride and silicone rubber were chosen because of their widespread use in open heart surgery. Subsequent spectrophotometric analysis revealed protein adsorption in albuminized and nonalbuminized circuits. Pre-bypass recirculation of an albuminized prime for at least thirty minutes effectively reduces platelet adhesion to tubing surfaces during bypass.


Empirical Modeling of End-to-end Delay Dynamics in Best-Effort Networks. (May 2004) Srikar Doddi, B.E., Osmania University, Hyderabad, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Alexander Parlos Quality of Service (QoS) is the ability to guarantee that data sent across a network will be recieved by the desination within some constraints. For many advanced applications, such as real-time multimedia QoS is determined by four parametersend-to-end delay, delay jitter, available bandwidth or throughput, and packet drop or loss rate. It is interesting to study and be able to predict the behavior of end-to-end packet delays in a Wide area network (WAN) because it directly affects the QoS of real-time distributed applications. In the current work, a time-series representation of end-to-end packet delay dynamics transported over standard IP networks has been considered. As it is of interest to model the open loop delay dynamics of an IP WAN, the UDP is used for transport purposes. This research aims at developing models for single-step-ahead and multi-step-ahead prediction of moving average, one-way end-to-end delays in standard IP WAN's. The data used in this research has been obtained from simulations performed using the widely used simulator ns-2. Simulation conditions have been tuned to enable some matching of the end-to-end delay profiles with real traffic data. This has been accomplished through the use of delay autocorrelation profiles. The linear system identification models Auto-Regressive eXogenous (AR) and Auto-Regressive Moving Average with eXtra / eXternal (ARMA) and non-linear models like the Feedforwad Multi-layer Perceptron (FMLP) have been found to perform accurate single-step-


【The purpose of this study is the structural relations will be examined among the VMD image of clothe stores, emotional reactions of brand awareness, brand image, brand attitude, and purchase intention. An empirical study in experimental design was conducted to female college students in their twenties, who made a huge influential group in the fashion industry, by considering the VMD characteristics of clothing shops. It measured the effects of VMD based on the changes to the consumer attitude before and after the VMD renewals, the correlations between brand recognition and VMD, and the influences of VMD on brand recognition and image, which were considered as important factors in creating brand assets. The research findings were as follows: 1. There were differences in emotional reactions according to the VMD image changes before and after renewal. Considering that the consumers recognized the VMD changes before and after renewal and showed different emotional reactions, the VMD image seems to be a major variable affecting their emotions. 2. As for the changes to the VMD image and brand image before and after renewal, the consumers recognized the VMD changes before and after renewal and consequently recognized the brad images differently, which implies that brand image can vary according to the effects of VMD renewal and changes to the VMD image.】


It is shown that the generating function for tree graphs in the ''in-in'' formalism may be calculated by solving the classical equations of motion subject to certain constraints. This theorem is illustrated by application to the evolution of a single inflaton field in a Robertson-Walker background.


Plant extracts and secondary metabolites such as essential oils (EOs) have a wide range of benefits and applications. Essential oils have been recognized as some of the most promising compounds in the development of novel products particularly in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and perfumery industries. The current research work aimed at extraction and chemical characterization of the essential oils from fruits of Toddalia asiatica L. and leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Essential oil extraction was carried out by use of steam distillation method in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus, while the chemical composition of the oils was established by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil yields were 0.5181 and 0.2514% (w/w) in T. asiatica and E. camaldulensis, respectively. The GC-MS analyses identified a total of 41 and 54 compounds corresponding to 90 and 95% of the total oil in T. asiatica and E. camaldulensis, respectively. Both oils were rich in monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes and their analogues namely; oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The oils additionally contained non-terpenoid oxygenated hydrocarbons which accounted for 4.9 and 14.8% of all the identified components in T. asiatica and E. camaldulensis, respectively.


Herein, we report a facile solvothermal route for the gram scale synthesis of near monodisperse superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and fluid. The efficacy in generating large scale Fe3O4 nanoparticles arises from the interfacial hydroxyl-aided Ostwald ripening process. Uniform Fe3O4 nanoparticles have been obtained in a high scale (∼1.19 g per one-pot).


Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. As the serotype A form of the toxin is extremely potent, it is ranked by The Centers for Disease Control as one of the top six compounds that could be used as a biological weapon. Thus, three single chain variable fragment (scFv) anti‐BoNT antibodies (S25, C25 and 3D12), which were previously shown to inactivate BoNT‐A in mice (Nowakowski et al, PNAS, 99, 11346, 2002), were expressed in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for detection and neutralization of aerosolized BoNT (Coleman, Kuhnlein, and Cohen, unpublished data). Unfortunately, protein purification yields were low, despite optimizing the codon bias within the scFv genes for C. reinhardtii. Each scFv gene was cloned into a more potent expression vector (fD1‐tD1 pBS), which contains the strong light‐regulated D1 promoter and termination sequences. Furthermore, a 3X M2 epitope tag at the carboxy terminus of each antibody was altered to 1X. The new constructs were co‐transformed with a spectinomycin resistance gene into C. reinhardtii cells using microprojectile bombardment. Growth of spectinomycin‐resistant colonies was observed, and transformants are being screened using Southern blot analysis and PCR in order to evaluate the integration of the C25, S25 or 3D12 genes into the chloroplast genome. Western blot analysis will be carried out to assess protein accumulation, and purified scFv BoNT‐A antibodies will be tested individually, and as a cocktail, for their ability to bind and neutralize BoNT‐A.


If the FRW metric is a good approximation on large scales, then the distance and the expansion rate, as well different notions of distance, satisfy certain consistency conditions. We fit the JLA SNIa distance data to determine the expected amplitude of the violation of these conditions if accelerated expansion is due to backreaction. Adding cosmic clock and BAO expansion rate data, we also model-independently determine the current observational limits on such violation. We find that the predicted maximum backreaction amplitude |kH| ≲ 1 (95% C.I.) is of the same order as the current observational constraints |kH| ≲ 1, the precise numbers depending on the adopted fitting method (polynomials or splines) and stellar population evolution model. We also find that constraints on the value of H0 determined from expansion rate data are sensitive to the stellar evolution model. We forecast constraints from projected LSST+Euclid-like SNIa plus Euclid galaxy differential age data. We find improvement by factor of 6 for the backreaction case and 3 for the model-independent case, probing an interesting region of possible signatures.


Antonis Liakos When, in 1994, a very close friend, the German historian Gunnar Hering, died, I looked again through his writings in order to prepare an obituary. Between books with voluminous documentation and thorough analysis, I found a little essay on a topic rather uncommon for him: the history of the Estonian artist Count Otto Magnus von Stackelberg (1788-1837), who had left his northern country to come south to Italy and Greece and paint landscapes and portraits. Between the lines of his text, the thing that jumped out was how my friend, in writing the history of the artist, had written his own history. He himself had been born in Dresden and gone to study the history, languages and cultures of Southeast Europe, soon becoming a specialist on the region and specifically on Greece. The similarity did not stop at external analogies, but was also there in the description of the experience and the interpretation of the behaviour, mentality and psychology of the artist. Knowing Gunnar well, I realized that in the plot, just as in the phrasal texture and as well as the style, there was something that connected him with the actions and events of this artist's life.


Induction of callus from explants of leaves and young stem of tea was studied and the inducing ability of different combinations of plant growth substance added in different basic medium were compared.The results indicated that calli could be induced from both leaves and young stems,but the inducing rate of calli from young stem were higher than that of leaves.The optimal medium for the callus induction from leaves and young stem was MS+6BA(0.4 mg/L)+2,4-D(2.0 mg/L).


The study's goal is to establish a Strategic Direction with the Balanced Scorecard for Audit companies, for monitoring, control,measurement and evaluation of the results obtained from strategic business initiatives. The model is based on guidelines of the qualitative and quantitative approach, based on the problem of audit firms, based on model variables, strategic direction and balanced scorecard, facilitating the change, growth and implementation of the strategy. This document contains a practical model of four phases, consolidating the coordination towards the achievement of goals, joining the Company ́s generalities, Institutional Diagnosis, Strategic Direction and Balanced Scoreboard, as a strategic management system that generates customer value. It translates the vision and strategy of the organization into an understandable set of goals, within a framework of a strategic management and measurement system.


Background Good health care is becoming increasingly unaffordable. A wider use of generic medicines offers significant cost savings. As the family practitioner is the gatekeeper in prescribing medicines, his attitude towards generic medicines is crucial. The factors that influence family practitioners' prescription of pharmaceuticals require investigation. Objectives The primary 'objective of this study is to assess attitudes and perceptions that family practitioners have towards generic medicines and evaluate factors that influence its prescription. The secondary aim is to assess the individual characteristics and personality traits of family practitioners that may impact on generic prescription. Methods This study is a convenient sample of 198 family practitioners that are surveyed by means of a questionnaire. Responses were based largely on a Likert scale and evaluated by factor analysis. Results Using factor analysis, five factors identified in the order of importance are as follows: 1) Patient/actors: It is primarily the patients' disease profile and their financial capacity that determines the use of generic versus ethical drugs. 2) Clinical autonomy o/the/amity practitioners: Family practitioners resent their clinical decisions being challenged by managed care organisations. 3) Strategies promoting generics: Improved marketing by the generic pharmaceutical industry and the provisions of acceptable financial incentives are likely to promote wider use of generics.


Traditionally, mass spectrometry can require extensive sample preparation for solid samples. It is desirable to simplify the sample preparation and ionization method of solid samples for in-situ mass spectrometer applications. It is also desirable to have a compact transportable ion source that is easy to operate, and does not require consumables for in-field applications. This paper provides an overview of the recent development of a compact laser ion source for field-deployable mass spectrometry analysis of solid samples.


In real world situations, customer behavior is changing and evolving over time. It is necessary to consider this dynamism in customer segmentation analysis and other business-related activities to develop effective marketing strategies. The main aim of this study is to explore the patterns of customer segments' structural changes. Up to now, there has been no research on this particular topic. This is the first study that investigates the impact of customer dynamics on segments' structural changes. This paper tries to develop a method to describe and explain this issue. A new method is proposed based on the clustering and sequential rule mining techniques. Furthermore, a new definition and framework for finding distinguishing sequential rules is developed. The proposed method is implemented on the customer data of a telecommunication service provider. The results show that the method is capable in this domain. The findings reveal a group of customers whose dynamic behavior causes structural changes. We name this group as "structure breakers". The marketing managers of this company can use the obtained results to improve their marketing strategies and decision-making. This method can be used in every other organization to mine the patterns of segments' structural changes.


In this paper, the notion of left-right (resp. right-left) derivation in BG-algebra is introduced and some related properties are investigated. Also the notion of left derivation of BG-algebra is studied and some of its properties are investigated.


Summary

In this paper a new class of designs involving sequences of treatments balanced for first residual effects has been introduced. These designs require only t experimental units for 2t periods, t being the number of treatments to be tested. A unified method of constructing these designs for all values of t (≥2) along with an appropriate method of analysis is presented. Besides, their efficiency relative to some well known designs is investigated.


Bekasi city, as an autonomous region in West Java Province, holds promising potential for local revenue. Various forms of business and large industries have successfully attracted domestic and international invesments, contributing to the global trade. Due to the abudance of goods and services produced, media and advertising play a crucial role in introducing and educating consumers about these products. Advertisement tax servers as one of the key sources of local revenue. Advertisement act as a medium to disseminate information to the general public and are placed alongside roads, conveying messages and information. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the advertisement tax collection policy in North Bekasi Sub-district, Bekasi City, from 2020 to 2022. The analytical technique employed in this study is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The research findings reveal that the realization of advertisement tax in 2022 did not meet the set target, with an average result of 95.11%, categorizing the effectiveness for 2022 as moderately effective. The main hindrance lies in the lack of taxpayer awareness, and the online registration service on the website occasionally consumers time for the issuance of SKPD and advertisement permits. Efforts have been made to address this issue, including conducting socialization and monitoring activities for taxpayers.


Molybdenum, niobium, and vanadium bulk deposits produced by high‐rate physical vapor depostion techniques (HRPVD) were analyzed for impurity content, grain size and morphology, yield strength, hardness, and bend ductility. Yield strengths of Mo and Nb were comparable to those of wrought material having equivalent grain sizes, while the yield strength of vapor‐deposited V was superior to that of wrought V because of its ultrafine (0.7 μm) grain size. Ultrafine‐grained refractory metals, such as the V deposits produced in this study, may greatly reduce void formation and growth, which causes dimensional changes and degradation of mechanical properties in reactor structural components. It is suggested that HRPVD techniques may be used to prepare fine‐grained materials having superior resistance to swelling induced by fast‐neutron irradiation.