Leukocyte cytoplasmic fragmentation is associated with human leukemia, usually with leukocyte concentrations in excess of 1 O0,000/J.1.2.4,6 Increased attention has been drawn to leukocyte cytoplasmic fragments with the common use of automated hematology analyzers, and the recognition that such fragments interfere with the whole blood platelet counting capability of these instruments and by microscopy on hemocytometers. 188.8.131.52 This report documents interference of prominent leukemia-associated leukocyte fragmentation with automated electronic determination of platelet concentration in a cow and a sheep. This observation is important in veterinary hematology because it represents a morphologic feature of leukemia in animals and may result in errant enumeration of platelets by a variety of techniques. The S-Plus series of automated blood cell counters determines blood platelet concentration by mathematical analysis of both particle size distribution and concentration within a size range window encompassing approximately the lower third ofthe potential platelet volume range. This size window is about 1.3-1 3 fl on most automated cell counters modified for use in veterinary hematology. The instrument calculates platelet concentration after fitting a log normal curve to raw data in the size window (Fig. IA). In order for the curve fitting routine to function it must detect one mode between two minimum points within the size window. Furthermore, the mode must be between 2 fl and 10 fl on the modified system. If any of these criteria are not met, curve fitting is not done, an incomplete computation occurs, and platelet concentration is not printed. A cow and a sheep were evaluated hematologically by examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained blood films and an automated hemogram. Hemograms were done on an automated multi-channel analyzer modified for use in veterinary hematology by increasing the erythrocyte-platelet aperture bath current to 225 V (Coulter Counter Model S-Plus IV with histogram capability, Coulter Electronics Inc., Hialeah, FL). Platelet adequacy was estimated by blood film examination: no attempt was made to enumerate platelets by hemocytometer. The sheep was a 13-month-old black face ewe, which had been inoculated experimentally at 3 weeks of age with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and was BLV-seropositive. Hematologic evaluation revealed severe nonregenerative anemia (hematocrit = 0.13) and extreme leukocytosis. The blood was diluted 1 : 10 to determine the leukocyte concentration. The total leukocyte concentration was 699,00O/pl, with 100°/o lymphoblasts. The sheep was killed for necropsy and was found to have multicentric lymphosarcoma consistent with that described following experimental infection with BLV.5 A 7-year-old Holstein cow suspected to have a displaced abomasum was brought to the Colorado State University. Masses were present in regions of the thoracic inlet, supra177


The English language is known to be a universal language as it is used in different parts of the world. It connects nations, links people from different places, is widely used in education and the business world, and is most notably used for globalization. Although people were given all of the chances and opportunities to study the said language, some were still struggling to use it orally or in writing. With all the interventions made, others are yet to improve and have a low or poor English language proficiency. Hence, the objective of this descriptive study is to determine the English language proficiency of elementary pupils. The respondents of the study were all of the grade IV pupils enrolled in the school year 2020-2021 at one private institution in the Northern Philippines. The results revealed that the overall English language proficiency of the pupils is at an advanced level, regardless of whether they are in the transitional year from using their mother tongue to using the English language, which is grade IV. Meanwhile, the profile variables included in the study were not significantly associated with the pupils' English language proficiency. Thus, a manifestation that respondents' profile does not prompt pupils' proficiency level because no relationship was revealed as suggested by the results of this study.


In order to process video data efficiently, a video segmenting technique must be required. We propose a fast shot transition detecting algorithm directly on MPEG com-pressed video sequence. The algorithm can detect not only ab-rupt transition, but also gradual transition. The computing cost of the algorithm is low, because we directly use the type of macroblocks and motion vectors that MPEG compressed video provides. The result of experiment is rather well.


The development within the area of information and communications technology (ICT) has been rapid during the last couple of decades. Advancements in mobile technology, such as smartphones and other ...


A gas spring with end position damping, for a hinged panel such as a boot lid has a cylindrical housing (2) filled partly with pressurised gas (40) and partly with oil (41), in which a piston rod (4) is sealingly displaceable out of one end of the housing (2). Rod (4) carries a piston (26), passages therethrough closing on the outward extension of the rod (4) out of the housing (2) and opening on the inward displacement or retraction. A longitudinal channel (34) bridges the piston (26) connecting together the partial inner spaces (22', 22'') of the housing (2) situated on both sides of the piston (26), said longitudinal channel being connected by means of a throttle channel (36) with the partial inner space (22'). A device for damping the outward movement of the piston rod (4) is formed by a throttle bush (38) into which the throttle channel (36) extends in the region of the end of the outward displacement of the piston rod (4) out of the housing (2), a throttle annular space (39) being provided between the piston rod (4) and the throttle bush (38).


The paper deals with net-like fitments which were attached to the tips of sword-scabbards. In two cases it is clear that such fitments were attached to scabbards of the Mainz type. The relatively good dating evidence indicates that they were current during the time of Augustus, especially in the decades before Christ. Their wide geographical distribution implies that they were part of the "regular" production of Roman weapons. Their chronological relationship to the openwork/opus interrasile and embossed fitments, which also occurred on sword-scabbards of the Mainz type, is discussed as well.


Corals in the Order Scleractinia are popular marine ornamental invertebrates within the aquarium trade. Although there are over 100 commercial facilities worldwide that grow and sell coral fragments, 99% of the coral fragments introduced into the aquarium trade still originate directly from tropical reefs. Propagating captive corals is considered a way to reduce the harvesting pressures on natural reefs. However, land-based facilities are limited by space and costs associated with growing large quantities of coral. To address the financial constraints of the facility and meet the demand for corals in the aquarium trade, commercial coral farmers must maximize coral growth and quantity within the confines of space-limited, land-based facilities. This study investigated the growth responses of two coral species cultured together. The close proximity of Porites cylindrica resulted in an increase in growth (length, weight, and branch development) for Acropora pulchra. Conversely, P. cylindrica exhibited a reduction in growth (length, weight, and branch development) in treatments where A. pulchra was in close proximity. These results show that, contrary to the current practice of spacing corals at distances that prohibit any type of interaction, A. pulchra will show an increase in growth due to the presence of P. cylindrica. The faster growth rates will lead to a higher production of corals and may ultimately aid in further reducing the number of corals harvested from wild stock for the aquarium trade.


Compared with recirculation and injection modes, once-through direct steam generation (DSG) parabolic troughs are simpler to construct and require the lowest investment. However, the heat transfer fluid (HTF) in once-through DSG parabolic trough systems has the most complicated dynamic behavior, particularly during periods of moving shadows caused by small clouds and jet contrails. In this paper, a nonlinear distributed parameter dynamic model (NDPDM) is proposed to model the dynamic behavior of once-through DSG parabolic trough solar collector row under moving shadow conditions. Compared with state-of-the-art models, the proposed NDPDM possesses three characteristics: (a) adopting real-time local values of the heat transfer and friction resistance coefficients, (b) simulating the whole collector row, including the boiler and the superheated sections, and (c) modeling the disturbance of direct normal irradiance (DNI) level on DSG parabolic trough solar collector row under moving shadow conditions. Validated using experimental data, the NDPDM accurately predicts the dynamic characteristics of HTF during periods of partial and moving DNI disturbance. The fundamental and specific dynamic process of fluid parameters for a DSG parabolic trough solar collector row is provided in this paper. The results show the following: (a) Moving shadows have a significant impact on the outlet temperature and mass flow rate, and the impact lasts up to 1000 s even after the shadows completely leave the collector row. (b) The time for outlet steam temperature to reach a steady-state value for the first time is independent of the shadow width, speed, and moving direction. (c) High-frequency chattering of the outlet mass flow rate can be observed under moving DNI disturbance and will have a longer duration if the shadow width is larger or the shadow speed is slower. Compared with cases in which the whole system is shaded, partially shading cases have shown a longer duration of high-frequency chattering. (d) Both wider widths and slower speeds of shadow will cause a larger amplitude of responses in the outlet temperature and mass flow rate. When the shadow speed is low, there is a longer delay time of response in the mass flow rate of the outlet fluid. (e) The amplitude of response in the outlet temperature does not depend on the direction of clouds movement. However, if the DNI disturbance starts at the inlet of the collector row, there will be significant delay times in both outlet temperature and mass flow rate, and a larger amplitude of response in outlet mass flow rate. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4036331]


Medical practitioners are increasingly using digital images during disease diagnosis several stateof-the-art medical equipments are producing images of different organs, which are used during various stages of analysis. Examples of such devices include MRI, CT, ultrasound and X-Ray. In medical image processing, image denoising has become a very essential exercise all through the diagnose because Ultrasound images are normally affected by speckle noise. The noise in the image has two disadvantages, the first being the degradation of the image quality and the second, more important, obscures important information required for accurate diagnosis. Arbitration between the perpetuation of useful diagnostic information and noise suppression must be treasured in medical images. In general we rely on the intervention of a proficient to control the quality of processed images. In certain cases, for instance in Ultrasound images, the noise can restrain information which is valuable for the general practitioner. Consequently medical images are very inconsistent, and it is crucial to operate case to case. This paper presents a waveletbased thresholding scheme for noise suppression in Ultrasound images and provides the knowledge about adaptive and anisotropic diffusion techniques for speckle noise removal from different types of images like Ultrasound. One of the inherent properties of coherent imaging is the presence of speckle noise. This noise impacts valuable properties and important information of the image and it is difficult to remove or efficiently reduce it. The tradeoff between noise reducing and holding image information should be such that image recognition process would be done properly. For this purpose, many methods have been presented. The most appropriate of which are the wavelet transform and directional contourlet transform. In this paper, a suitable algorithm based on contourlet transform, with logarithmic threshold is presented. The obtained results by applying the proposed method on real image are better than those of using other algorithms. We use the signal to noise ratio as a measure of visual quality of resulted images Ultrasound method is one of the best imaging methods for soft tissues of body, because it is portable, no ionic radiation is used and it is relatively cheap, but the main disadvantage of images taken by this method is the low quality of images that is in turn due to the presence of a multiplicative noise. KeywordsSpeckle Noise, Ultrasound Images, Noise Filters, MATLAB.


The work that follows is intended to model a wireless channel to the inner space . In particular we will try to find the distribution of power within the area that we are considering emission of electromagnetic radiation from wifi network emitting at 2.4 GHz. In order to model the wireless channel we have to know the important events that occur during wireless propagation ,these are presented in Chapter 1. Moreover since referring to wifi networks is considered necessary to record the important features of this technology which is in Chapter 2 of this thesis . Then in Chapter 3 presents the major indoor models to find the average power of electromagnetic radiation as a function of distance, and finally in Chapter 4 is the attempt to model the wireless channel using the theory of Rayleigh and Rician misfire .


Antiphospholipid syndrome is a pro-thrombotic, pro-inflammatory condition defined by at least one clinical criterion and one laboratory finding. Clinical criteria are met by history of thrombosis or obstetric morbidity, including recurrent early pregnancy loss, fetal death, or delivery prior to 34 weeks gestation due to pre-eclampsia or placental insufficiency. Laboratory criteria are evidence of lupus anticoagulant or high titers of anticardiolipin or anti-s 2 - glycoprotein-I IgG or IgM. Treatment during pregnancy is primarily based on anticoagulant therapy, either at prophylactic or therapeutic doses depending on thrombosis history. This treatment certainly reduces thrombosis risk and may also improve obstetric outcome.


The molecular mechanisms underlying the onset of Fe‐deficiency chlorosis and the maintenance of photosynthetic function in chlorotic chloroplasts are relevant to global photosynthetic productivity. We describe a series of graded responses of the photosynthetic apparatus to Fe‐deficiency, including a novel response that occurs prior to the onset of chlorosis, namely the disconnection of the LHCI antenna from photosystem I (PSI). We propose that disconnection is mediated by a change in the physical properties of PSI‐K in PSI in response to a change in plastid Fe content, which is sensed through the occupancy, and hence activity, of the Fe‐containing active site in Crd1. We show further that progression of the response involves remodeling of the antenna complexes—specific degradation of existing proteins coupled to the synthesis of new ones, and establishment of a new steady state with decreased stoichiometry of electron transfer complexes. We suggest that these responses are typical of a dynamic photosynthetic apparatus where photosynthetic function is optimized and photooxidative damage is minimized in graduated responses to a combination of nutrients, light quantity and quality.


Ensuring a confidentiality of information on the health status of a patient is one of the most frequent problems met by person's health care professionals and scientists in their practice. From the times of Hippocrates a confidentiality of information on the health status of a patient is traditionally a part of medical deontology. However, it is recognized that the principle of confidentiality is not absolute, and it can be limited according to the exception provided in the Article 8 Part 2 of the European Convention for Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms when such limitation is required by the interests bound with the state security, public order or national economic welfare in a democratic society striving to prevent violations of law or crimes, also to protect the health or the morality of the population as well as the rights and freedoms of other persons; however, the contents of the factual reasons for limitation of confidentiality is not always clear. So, upon existence of certain legal and factual reasons, the principle of confidentiality of information on the health status of a patient can be limited; however, frequent misusing of power by subjects (employers, insurance companies and so on) or ordinary carelessness of data managers or lack of enlightenment (qualification) of doctors and patients cause a conflict of interests of an individual, a doctor and the public in the sphere of health care services.


Objective
To explore the real psychological experience of nurses in tertiary hospitals in Hainan province when participating in rescue and nursing during typhoon disasters, and to provide a basis for targeted disaster recue training for nurses.

Methods
Totally 16 nurses from Hainan General Hospital and affiliated hospitals of Hainan Medical University who participated in rescue and nursing during typhoon disasters were selected by purposive sampling and investigated through semi-structured interview, and relevant data were then analyzed with Colaizzi seven-step method based on phenomenological research in qualitative studies.

Results
Totally 3 themes were found: with physical and psychological stress, they were nervous and panicked; through self-reflection and self-improvement, they took active part in disaster rescue; and they had the motivation to move forward when they were recognized and appreciated.

Conclusions
Class Ⅲ grade A hospitals in Hainan province should conduct disaster rescue training intentionally and strategically, strengthen disaster nursing management, pay attention to negative feelings of rescue and nursing staffs, and provide them with psychological support so as to enhance their rescue capabilities during typhoon disasters.

Key words:
Nurses; Disaster rescue and nursing; Qualitative study; Typhoon


This book introduces readers to the emerging and exciting world of virtual law. It examines current cases and legislation impacting virtual world providers and users, and makes predictions about the future application of current law. It addresses the application of intellectual property law (copyright, trademark, and patent), criminal law, property law, contract law, securities law, tax law, and civil procedure. It also provides practical advice to lawyers who wish to create a virtual world presence for their practice or who have clients with virtual world connections. The book includes extensive appendices listing in-world and web-based resources for practitioners and legal scholars.


Food organisms found in the oesophagus of red-billed teal Anas erythrorhyncha, Cape shoveller Anas smithii and Cape teal Anas capensis collected at Barberspan in the Transvaal are descriptionbed and the differences between the different species are discussed.


Background: Pyogenic liver abscess (LA) is difficult to distinguish from intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma (IMCC) in the emergency department (ED). We evaluated the predictive ability of white blood cells (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and delta neutrophil index (DNI) in LA and IMCC in the ED. Methods: Forty patients with IMCC between January 2011 and December 2018 were included in this study. For each patient with IMCC, two control patients with LA were enrolled based on matching age and sex,—i.e., 80 patients with LA. Results: Inflammatory markers, including WBC, PLR, NLR, DNI, and CRP were significantly higher in the LA group than in the IMCC group. For both groups, the area under the curve (AUC) of the initial CRP value was significantly higher (AUC: 0.909) than that of the initial serum WBC count, PLR, and DNI levels. On multivariable logistic regression analysis with inflammatory markers, serum CRP (odds ratio, 1.290; 95% confidence interval, 1.148–1.449, p < 0.001) was the only significant predictor for differentiation between the LA and IMCC groups. Conclusion: Serum CRP may be a potential inflammatory marker to differentiate IMCC from LA in the ED.


This thesis explores the interrelationship between the disintegration of t r a d i t i o n a l culture among the Haisla of Kitamaat, B r i t i s h Columbia, and that group's p a r t i c i p a t i o n in the Indust r i a l economy of the Northwest Coast.) I n i t i a l l y , the ecological dimension of ranking and chieftainship i n t r a d i t i o n a l Haisla society i s examined. It i s proposed that l o c a l i z e d v a r i a b i l i t y of resources was s u f f i c i e n t to create shortages within v i l l a g e groups or sub-groups, which would require the intervention of a regulatory mechanism such as c h i e f l y r e d i s t r i b u t i o n . This regulation of resources promoted the establishment of populations consistent with the high average productivity of a region rather than the more variable productivity of individual sites./ High status accrued to those who, because of the greater regularity and r e l i a b i l i t y of t h e i r resource holdings, were able to act as donors more often than less favoured groups or sub-


The settlement of wastes and the stress and strain status of geomembranes on a landfill slope were simulated by centrifugal experiments, and the results were compared with those of FEM calculation. It is indicated that the present method can give a qualitative description of the status of the landfill, and that the main reason for tensile failure of geomembranes is the concentration of stresses caused by the initial damage to membranes. Therefore, the strengthening of field management and supervision and improvement of paving technique are vital to the safety of impervious layers


Objective: To study the clinical presentation and management of giant hydronephrosis. Setting: Civil Hospital Dadu andUrology Department SMBBMU Larkana. Period: March 2004 to march 2011. Patients and methods: 28 Patient with giant hydronephrosistreated. 18(64.3%) patients had unilateral and 2(7.1%)had bilateral pelvi ureteric junction obstruction, 4(14.3%) had ureteric stones andremaining 4(14.3%) had multiple renal stones. All patients were treated with definitive surgery ie pyeloplasty, nephroplication, ureterolithotomy,extended pyelolithotomy and nephrectomy. Six (21.4%) patients had elevated blood urea and serum creatinine level so initially treated bypercutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric cathetrization. Result: 10 out of 28 cases of giant hydronephrosis showed improvement in the functionand drainage as well as pelvi-calyceal system dilatation while 18 patients going for nephrectomy. Conclusions: Early referral and interventionis necessary for giant hydronephrosis to prevent infection and deterioration of renal function.


These experiments describe the effect on adenovirus gene expression of tranfusing liposome-encapsulated antibodies directed against a 10-S ribonucleoprotein complex into infected Hela cells. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that this particular serum contains antibodies directed against particles containing U1 RNA and five polypeptides in the molecular weight range of 45000–60000. The procedure of fusing liposomes successfully treats nearly all the cells in culture, and the transfused material has access throughout the cell. The IgG fraction from this serum is introduced into adenovirus-infected cells shortly before the transition from the early to the late stage of the lytic cycle; 19 h after fusion the accumulated effects of the antibodies on late virus expression are examined by pulse-labeling cells with radioactive methionine and observing the synthesized proteins. While most late viral genes are expressed normally in treated cells, fiber synthesis is reduced to a very low level and hexon synthesis is reduced twofold. That most viral genes are expressed normally demonstrates that many cell activities (transcription, transport, processing and translation) are minimally affected. The effects on these two genes can be distinguished by varying the concentration of antibody transfused : interference with hexon synthesis occurs at a lower dosage than fiber. A simple interpretation of these results is that the antibody has bound to its antigen and prevented the latter from participating in its role in message processing.


In this work, we present developed and tested a multiple-GaN-chips based cascode power module to scale up the power ratings. This cascode power module consists of two switching elements that connect multi-GaN-chips of AlGaN/GaN-on-Si HEMT cells with low voltage Si MOSFETs in series. As an electrical characterizations, static output and transfer characteristics of the module were tested at room temperature and with reverse-leakage characteristics, the constructed cascode power module has a blocking voltage of more than 550 V. Following electrical characteristics, we present an extensive study of threshold voltage (VTH) and transconductance instability (Gm, max) of the cascode power module under positive and negative gate bias temperature instability experiments. The trapping and de-trapping of electrons from pre-existing oxide traps lead the power module to negative and positive VTH instabilities and Gm, max degradations. These findings on performance and instability open the path for a better understanding of enhancements and failure causes, which will help to accelerate the growth of emerging GaN cascode technologies.


A key problem for models of dialogue is to explain how semantic co-ordination in dialogue is achieved and sustained. This paper presents findings from a series of Maze Task experiments which are not readily explained by the primary co-ordination mechanisms of existing models. It demonstrates that alignment in dialogue is not simply an outcome of successful interaction, but a communicative resource exploited by interlocutors in converging on a semantic model. We argue this suggests mechanisms of co-ordination in dialogue which are of relevance for a general account of how semantic co-ordination is achieved.


Abstract
Clinical information collected directly from patients is critical to the practice of medicine. Past efforts to collect this information using computers have had limited utility because these efforts required users to be facile with the information collecting system. This poster describes the development and function of a computer system that uses technology to overcome the limitations of previous computer-based data collection tools by adapting the human-computer interface to fit the skills of the user. The system has been successfully used at two diverse clinical sites.


What would be the maximum extractable power from an ambient vibration for a vibration energy harvester with limited mass and size? Here we show that the best way to extract energy is to force the environment to do the maximum work to the energy harvester, by a means of active motion control of the movable mass within the energy harvester. The scheme presented will be especially effective when the ambient motion is irregular, where the conventional oscillator-based energy harvester fails to perform efficiently. A possible way of practical implementation is illustrated in terms of electret-based energy


Recent decades have seen the emergence of a nascent anthropology of Mormonism.* We demonstrate how anthropological work on Mormonism has crystallized around a set of themes with significant potential for both anthropology and Mormon social sciences: (1) religious authority, (2) ritual and the body, (3) physical engagement with Church history, (4) globalization, (5) gender and kinship, and (6) disbelief and heterodoxy. We argue that further progress can be achieved by focusing on the diverse individual experiences within Latter Day Saint groups.


The RecQ family helicases play important roles in suppression of cancer and premature ageing in human.This review introduces the structure and biochemical characteristics of RecQ helicases,expatiates how which RecQ participate in DNA replication,recombination,repair and telomere maintenace.


The body composition of livestock has been shown to change over time. Generally, bone maturation occurs first, followed by muscle growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth patterns of the most economically significant carcass components (pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, thigh, drum, and rack) in a commercial strain of turkeys. Live body weights and carcass component weights were collected on 1688 toms and 1085 hens between 2012 and 2017. Toms and hens were slaughtered between 109–149 days and 91–114 days of age, respectively. Yield values were calculated for each carcass component as a percentage of the live body weight. Regression coefficients (b) were calculated by regressing yield values on the age of the animal at slaughter. P. major and P. minor yield increased with age, though at different rates, for both toms (b=0.120, P < 0.01 and 0.003, P < 0.01, respectively) and hens (b=0.089, P < 0.01 and 0.020, P < 0.01, respectively). Tom drum and rack yield decreased with age (b=-0.012, P < 0.01 and -0.104, P < 0.01, respectively). Hen drum yield also decreased with age (b=-0.018, P < 0.01), while hen rack yield was found to not be significant from zero. Toms and hens showed similar trends of increasing breast yield with age and an equal combined decline in other carcass component yields. Thus resulting in a small significant increase in hen carcass meat yield (b=0.080, P < 0.01) and no significant increase in tom carcass meat yield (b=0.005, P > 0.01) which were both expected to increase with age given expected body composition changes over time. Strong selection for breast meat yield and the observed negative correlations between breast muscle yield and thigh and drum yields are likely the cause of this trend. Further research should investigate the use of carcass meat yield or other carcass component yields in turkey breeding programs.


ode l of a worm moving in a field of p art icu late de bri s. We sim ula te its adhesive nature by implementing a s h ort-range attrac-t ion betwe en t he wor m and t h e n eares t s urrounding p art icles. O ur fin dings in dicate an in cre ase in gat her ing efficien cy wh en we add an att ract ive force betwe en p art icles, simu lat in g the w orm's mucosal secretions. Our work provides a detai le d under-st anding of t he complex mech ani sm s underlyin g the col le ct ing–gat her ing behavior in L. varie gat us , inf or ming t he design of b io insp ire d synthet ic col le ct or syst ems, and advances our understanding of the e colog ica l imp acts of microplastics on benthic invert ebrat es.


The provision of transport infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, is a key area of development policy, as physical access is seen as a way of improving economic generation opportunities in remote areas. This paper reviews the Pilot Labour-Based District Road Rehabilitation and Maintenance Project (PLRP) in Nepal and its contribution to the preparation of a district transport masterplan. In Nepal, as elsewhere, there is a trend towards decentralised development planning as a way of strengthening rural development at a district level. This decentralisation in Nepal has resulted in district development committees, and rural road-network planning is one of their responsibilities. The PLRP has generally been regarded as a successful way in which to strengthen rural road planning, grassroots involvement and the overall development of districts in Nepal.


Piezoelectric pumps offer great potential in the areas of alternative electro-mechanical actuators and as a hydraulic power sources. They may also be useful for active thermal cooling in life support applications. As an actuator, this pump may provide solutions to control system problems in robotics, process control, bioengineering, advanced remote control (telepresence), and automation. The benefits of piezoelectric based pumps and actuators include increased efficiency, self-cooling, lightweight, compact size, high mechanical reliability, positive displacement, self-priming, no lubrication, no vibration, and no rotational inertia. Oceaneering Space Systems (OSS) has produced two successful piezoelectric pump prototypes. The first one is a double-acting diaphragm pump driven by piezoelectric PolyVinylidine DiFluoride (PVDF) polymer. The second prototype is a Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) thermoplastic laminated pump. The thermoplastic material acts as an interstitial dielectric material; and for the PZT prototype we used Kapton. Based on the mathematical characterization and fabrication technology developed during the course of this past work, it is now possible to envision improved design concepts. This paper provides information regarding continuing advanced analysis work performed to define a preliminary design suitable for testing in the next phase of development of a hybrid PZTPVDF pump including: Revised MathCAD model to optimize efficiency and power, Updates to the existing AMESim model/simulation to capture nonlinear effects and higher order dynamics of fluid flow system, mechanical analysis to estimate the required bending radius and fatigue life of the composite bender elements, analytical determination of appropriate geometry for metal bellows and pulsation dampers and fatigue life estimates, and review of drive electronics and switching logic.


Ultrasound-assisted osmodehydrofreezing technique is a partial dehydration technique prior to freezing to diminish the tissue damage and preserve the quality by quickly removing part of the water from vegetable tissues. In this study, radish cylinders with three different water contents (85%, 80% and 75%, w/w) were dehydrated by osmotic dehydration (OD) and ultrasound-assisted osmotic dehydration (UOD). The effects of OD and UOD pretreatment on the characteristics (e.g., latent heat of fusion of ice, freezable water and microstructure) of dehydrated products and quality attributes (e.g., freezing time, firmness, drip loss and ascorbic acid content) of osmodehydrofrozen products were investigated. Ultrasound application significantly shortened the time of dehydration and subsequent freezing. Compared to OD products with equal water content, UOD products exhibited less freezable water content and better preservation on firmness and microstructure. After freezing/thawing, frozen products of UOD also displayed less drip and ascorbic acid losses and better firmness than that of OD.


To selections of artillery operational schemes,establish system of evaluating targets value,and propose a new approach for seeking optimal method of artillery operational schemes with Dempster-Shafer theory,this method synthesized the uncertainty information together with D-S combination formula,so it transferred uncertain problems of seeking optimal method of artillery operational schemes into simple certain decision-making ones.Results of simulation proved the validity of this method.


Seborrheic keratosis are frequent, benign, epidermic tumors and due to their variety of clinical presentations they must be differentiated from other pigmented and non pigmented, benign and malignant lesions. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, diagnostic tool that can increase the diagnostic accuracy from 5% to 30%. Today there are well established criteria to diagnose seborrheic keratosis with dermoscopy: millia-like cysts, comedo-like openings, fissures and ridges, fingerprint-like structures and additional criteria described (hairpin vessels, moth-eaten border, network-like structures), due to their polymorphic presentations, are considered banal lesions, and they could be misdiagnosed or coexist with some other malignant tumors, such as basal cell carcinoma or melanoma.


A report presented to the National Institute of Mental Health suggests the need to study the psychosocial effects of the stigma associated with AIDS. Much of the previous research has been based on anecdotal information. A more aggressive approach that would explain some of the effects would help government leaders and health providers address new policies dealing with HIV treatment and prevention. The role of the news media, religious institutions, and health providers in helping or hindering the stigma of AIDS should be evaluated.


This paper proposes a design methodology of a controller based on a Petri net for the shared machines of manufacturing systems. A conflict occurs when several manufacturing systems require the same shared machines at the same time. In this case, we have two issues; the scheduling of jobs on shared machines and the construction of a control procedure for scheduling. The scheduling of production on machines has been extensively studied over the past years by researchers. In this paper, our concern is not the scheduling problem but the construction of a control procedure for the production schedule. We propose a design of a Petri net based controller for the shared machines of manufacturing systems such that the number of control places in the Petri net is minimised. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than an upper bound in terms of optimality. Also, the proposed algorithm is computationally more efficient than the optimal algorithm. Finally, we present the application of the proposed algorithm to a realistic batch process system shown in the literature.


The problem of replaying computations of nondeterministic concurrent programs arises in contexts such as debugging and recovery. We i nvestigate the problem for an abstract model of concurrency, which generalizes dataffow nct,works, processors with sh acred variables, and logic programming g models of concurrency, We say that nondeterminism is visible if the state is determined, np to some (appropriately defined) notion of eqnivakmce, by the cxtern al behavior. We show that if nondeterminism is visible then replay is achievable using a. one-step Irmkahead sequential simulation algorithm. Jf the program has an additional monotonicity property called .Stizbility then recovery is possible without sirnnlating the original computation, by restarting the program from a. cer'Authors' addresses: Haim Gaifman, lnstitote of Mathematics snd Computer Science, Hebrew [University, C~ivat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel Michael J. Maher, H3M, T.J. Watson Research Center, PO. Box 704, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, 7J.S.A. 13hud Shapiro, Department, of Applied Mathelnatics and Computer Science, The Weizmann Inatitote of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel Permission to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy otherwise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @ 1991 ACM 0-89791-439-2/91/0007/0241 $1.50 t,ain easily constructed state. Also, for stable programs with visible nondeterminisrn, a process composed of identical parallel processes has the same external beha,vio~ as each of its components. Hence high crash-failure resilience is achievable by simple process replication. For such programs the~e is also an easy solution to the asynchronous snapshot problem. Stability 11OMS for certain concurrent logic/constraint programming tangnages. We describe an eff[cient method for transforming a given stable concurrent logiciconstra,int program to an equivalent one wit, h visible nondet erminism. The t ransforma.tion has acceptable thns it could be empIoyed in a d the proposed methods.


Abstract— In this pandemic era, the government is forced to implement policies that can reduce the daily positive rate of COVID-19. One of these policies is known as PPKM. It is unclear when the pandemic will end, causing data phenomena to be scattered on social media, one of which is Twitter. Therefore, in this study, we conducted an analysis of sentiment originating from tweets from Twitter social media users in the Jakarta area regarding the government's policy, namely PPKM in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, we use a Machine Learning approach, namely LSTM. This modeling produces a classification of positive and negative sentiments. The dataset used is 3000 tweets with a time period of September - November 2021. At the preprocessing stage, the data that are ready to be used for modeling are 2176. The results of this study get an accuracy of 0.943. So the model that we propose, namely LSTM, has succeeded in classifying a satisfactory sentiment with a positive number of 92% and a negative 8% of 2176 sentiments, so it can be concluded that the PPKM policy implemented by the Indonesian government in the DKI Jakarta area is said to be effective or positive.


The rapid evolution of technology during the past decade has increased among large organizations, while at that same time they are reducing costs to retain their strategic advantage in the market. Organizations have also realized that numerous employees or cutting the size of an organization is not always a solution. Most recently, they have turned their attention to the human factor, which is renewable, to gain and retain strategic advantage inside a competitive market. The paper analyses investment in human capital, demonstrating how it is the sole solution. This paper examines knowledge employees, based on a well-structured IT department, and how they increase productivity and comprise the core of the organization structure. The leadership of an organization must administer its human resources properly to maximize the profit of their investment.


Scientific conferences are essential for exchanging ideas and knowledge among scientific communities (Sarvenaz 2020). They are important for sharing new ideas, discussion and networking, and traditionally involve face-to-face, live interactions. However, the number of congresses that have been presented in an alternative virtual format has increased exponentially with the restrictions imposed by the global COVID-19 pandemic (N Freysen-Pretorious, pers. obs.; Kuehne et al. 2022). As a result, there has been a plethora of publications assessing the implications of changing to a virtual format for a diverse range of disciplines, including the biological sciences (Barral 2020; Pacchioni 2020; van der Wal et al. 2022; Skiles et al. 2022; Kuehne et al. 2022). Many highlight how these virtual conferences raise accessibility, inclusiveness, interactions, and affordability, especially for women and early-career researchers. In addition, many highlight that virtual conferences will provide shortand long-term benefits for scientific communities. 'Online access during the pandemic widened participation in scientific conferences for women, young scientists and those from lowand middle-income countries, and should be continued.' (Johnson 2022) But some publications have also highlighted the negatives of virtual conferences, in particular, how some people are less likely to submit an abstract or attend a virtual conference and how professional development can be hindered (Woodruff et al. 2021). The International Ornithologists' Union (IOU) has convened the world's largest summits on avian biology since its first Congress in 1884. The International Ornithological Congress is held every four years to promote international cooperation in ornithological research, and was meant to occur in person in Durban, South Africa, in 2022. The IOU partnered with the University of KwaZulu-Natal to organise the 28th IOCongress® from 15 to 19 August 2022. The 22nd Congress was first held in Africa in 1998 (Berruti 1998), and almost 25 years later, we were looking forward to hosting it again in Africa. The organisation began in 2020; however, in January 2022, the decision to go virtual was taken primarily because of the probability of COVID-19 disrupting travel, and the economic downturn made it likely that a live conference would result in a substantial financial loss to the organisers. The Conference Company contracted Centium Events Air to host the conference fully virtually. This was the first time this IOCongress had taken place virtually, and the pros and cons were carefully considered. We have documented some of these here.


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disease characterised by adult-onset degeneration of the upper and lower motor neuronal systems. The contribution of specific ALS disease genes differs between ethnic groups, at least partially due to founder effects. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions (HRE) are the most frequent monogenic cause of ALS in the Western world, but extremely rare in Asian ALS populations, for example in China.1 This fact, together with a predominant C9orf72 risk haplotype in Europe, has fostered the hypothesis that one or very few founder events are responsible for the C9orf72 -linked ALS of European origin.2 However, more profound knowledge about the differences between ALS genetics in European and Asian populations is warranted. We thus set out to characterise ALS genetics in the genetically distinct and relatively homogeneous Mongolian population.

Patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, and neurologists throughout all provinces of Mongolia, from January 2015 to September 2018. All patients met the revised El Escorial criteria for ALS. Due to the lack of a validated neuropsychological test in Mongolian language, fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) diagnosis was established based on clinical impression by an experienced neurologist from the ALS/FTD centre in Ulm, Germany, who was always accompanied by an English-speaking Mongolian physician for translation. Analysis of the HRE in C9orf72 was performed by fragment analysis and repeat-primed PCR, confirmed by Southern blotting. For the SOD1 and FUS mutation screen, Sanger sequencing was employed (primer sequences available on request). For haplotype analysis of C9orf72- HRE positive cases and respective family members, the most conserved risk haplotypes consisting of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms …


Multilocus recombination frequencies are expressed in terms of pairwise recombination frequencies for paracentric and pericentric intervals. Applications of this theory to mapping and genetic counselling are discussed.


Copyright © 2018 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between oral health professionals' knowledge, attitude, and practice with regard to infectious waste management and to identify related factors influencing it. Methods: The study comprised of 219 oral health professionals from select dental clinics and public health centers recruited between August 25, 2016 and September 5, 2016, who agreed to participate in the study with full understanding of the study objectives. A self-reported questionnaire was administered, which consisted of 22 items on knowledge of infectious waste management, 9 items on attitude, and 16 items on practice. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Results: The age, knowledge, and clinical attitude of oral health professionals significantly correlated with waste management practice. Specifically, infectious waste management practice improved with increasing age, a greater level of knowledge, and a more positive clinical attitude. Additionally, the standardized regression coefficient demonstrated that, of these three factors, clinical attitude more strongly correlated with effective waste management practice, followed by age and level of knowledge. Conclusions: These results indicated that oral health professionals had a low level of knowledge regarding infectious waste management, and a more positive clinical attitude resulted in better practices. Therefore, the development of detailed and active education guidelines and strategies are needed to enhance the attitude, knowledge, and practice of oral health professionals with regard to infectious waste management.


The deep development of economic globalization has not only linked countries all over the world together,but the regional economic development within a country can hardly be confined to a country itself.Compared with the other regions,particularly in the eastern region,the openness of the central region is lagging behind.Its export-oriented economy and attraction of factors of production from outside the world are lagging far behind the national average.The absolute and relative number of foreign-funded and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan-funded enterprises are low.Although the development of the central region is now left behind other regions,looking through the whole international environment,it still has such comparative advantages as location,resources and soft environment.Therefore,as a regional development strategy of China,the rise of the Central Region should look farther beyond.The central region should not only join the domestic economic cycle,but it should adhere to the international trend of industrial upgrading,seize the opportunity of the manufacturing moving from the world to China,from the coast to the inland,develop its own advantages,and occupy the high ground of high value-added industries.If the central region can integrate into the globalization and form its own advantage,economic development and rapid growth can be achieved,so can it rise.


This is a revised version of the preprint which has been available electronically for a while. The paper will now appear in J. Ramanujan Math. Soc.


An analysis of the company's core values and their relationship to the national culture of employees is presented in the article. The management of the international working group requires special approaches to the management of personnel, in terms of the formation and translation of adequate values to the team. Questioning of workers of different nationalities of international companies operating in Russia was used as the main research method. In the process of questioning, the opinions of workers of different nationalities about the presence in their companies of the main elements of the organizational culture were revealed and an assessment of these elements was made. It was concluded that the elements of the company's organizational culture are correlated with the national values of employees. Zones for improving PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2454-5899 Available Online at: http://grdspublishing.org/ 762 the corporate spirit, contributing to the disclosure of the creative and communicative potential of the working group were identified in the study. The main elements of the non-national (global) organizational culture are also highlighted in the article. It is: the culture of lifelong learning, the culture of leadership, collectivism, solidarity of workers in the performance of a single task, attitude to failure. The key values of the company were: development, initiative, team, honesty, trust.


BUTTERMILK was introduced as an infant food in Sweden in 1776, in Holland in 1865, in Germany in 1902, in France in 1907, and in the United States in 1913,* because it was found that infants thrived better on it than on ordinary sweet milk. 1 Other sour-milk mixtures soon followed. Clark and Faber attributed the value of the acid to an improvement in the digestibility of the milk. 4 They showed that the buffer value of cows' milk is considerably more than that of human milk, that it neutralizes a larger amount of the hydrochloric acid of the stomach, and thus may interfere with the activity of the gastric enzymes through a reduction of the gastric acidity below the optimal hydrogen-ion concentration zone of pH 3.5 to 5.0. The addition of an acid to cows' milk counteracted its excess buffer salts and made its digestibility more nearly that of


As cochairman of the Retail Trade Forum this afternoon, I want to bring you personal greetings from the Detroit Club. A good many of you probably heard Bill Flaherty of the Chrysler Corporation talk in the automotive panel this morning. He also is a member of the Analysts Club of Detroit. For the next hour and a half our panel speakers will discuss retail trade. I have a deep sense of humility in serving as cochairman of this forum because my experience in retailing dates back only to 1946. On the other hand, each of the speakers you will hear has spent many years in the field of this afternoon's discussion. Each speaker will talk approximately 20 minutes, and that will allow time for a question period after the formal addresses have been made. If they fail to cover any points of interest to you in their formal talks, I would suggest that, as the talks are presented, you might note any particular questions that occur to you. The program originally scheduled for presentation will not be heard 100% as advertised. B. Earl Puckett had accepted our invitation to participate in this forum, but at the moment he is attending a meeting in Dallas and so cannot be with us this afternoon. However, we were extremely fortunate in having Ted Schlesinger agree to take his place. Ted Schlesinger is the vice-president of Allied Stores Corporation and is general assistant to Mr. Puckett. But, tragedy struck again! Unfortunately, Mr. Schlesinger cannot appear today. He is in bed with the flu. But, please dont go away! His speech will be read by Perry Meyers, who is the research director of Allied Stores. I do not know whether the speech you will hear will be Mr. Puckett's, Mr. Schlesinger's, or Mr. Meyers, but I am sure it will be worth while. I am going to assume it is Mr. Schlesinger's peech; and, since I had done some research on Allied Stores, I will go ahead with my introduction as I wrote it. I am sure you are familiar with many of the stores in the Allied group. They include Jordan-Marsh in Boston; the Bon Marche in Seattle; Josky's in San Antonio, Tex.; Donaldson's in Minneapolis; and many others-altogether, a group of 74 stores. It is a diversified group of stores with a broad wide range of volume-diversified volumein individual units. In 1950 this chain of department stores sold a total of 438 million dollars' worth of goods! I understand that all the top executives who work with Mr. Puckett speak the same language and, as a matter of fact, write the same kind of memoranda; the only distinguishing feature is that in Mr. Puckett's memoranda the signature is illegible. To say that Allied is a sales-minded organization is, I can assure you, a masterpiece of understatement. Mr. Schlesinger has been with Allied Stores for the past twenty-one years. He graduated from City College of New York with an AB, and from Fordham University with an LLB. He joined Allied in 1929 and served as an assistant to the president from 1939 to 1945; he has been a vicepresident since 1945. In addition to his executive work with Allied, Mr. Schlesinger is a director of the National Retail Dry Goods Association and is a member of the executive committee of the American Retail Federation, whose president is one of our speakers today. I do not know what Mr. Schlesinger's talk is going to contain; I imagine it will deal with sales and how to get them "Allied" style. It gives me great pleasure to introduce our first speaker this afternoon, Perry Meyers.


We examine the azimuthal magnetic field signatures associated with Saturn's northern hemisphere auroral field‐aligned currents observed in the dawn sector during Cassini's Proximal orbits (April 2017 and September 2017). We compare these currents with observations of the auroral currents from near noon taken during the F‐ring orbits prior to the Proximal orbits. First, we show that the position of the main auroral upward current is displaced poleward between the two local times (LTs). This is consistent with the statistical position of the ultraviolet auroral oval for the same time interval. Second, we show the overall average ionospheric meridional current profile differs significantly on the equatorward boundary of the upward current with a swept‐forward configuration with respect to planetary rotation present at dawn. We separate the planetary period oscillation (PPO) currents from the PPO‐independent currents and show their positional relationship is maintained as the latitude of the current shifts in LT implying an intrinsic link between the two systems. Focusing on the individual upward current sheets pass‐by‐pass, we find that the main upward current at dawn is stronger compared to near noon. This results in the current density being ~1.4 times higher in the dawn sector. We determine a proxy for the precipitating electron power and show that the dawn PPO‐independent upward current electron power is ~1.9 times higher than at noon. These new observations of the dawn auroral region from the Proximal orbits may show evidence of an additional upward current at dawn likely associated with strong flows in the outer magnetosphere.


In the design, the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) is carried to investigate the catalytic performance of Co/N/C in acid system using rotating disk electrode (RDE). The electron transfer number is calculated and the catalytic mechanism of catalysts is evaluated. Though this experiment, students will learn the preparation method of Co/N/C oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts and comprehend the catalytic mechanism and principle of RED. This experiment is suitable for undergraduate experimental teaching of comprehensive or instrumental analysis experiment for applied chemistry specialty.


Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of obesity and abdominal obesity in accordance with the elderly's food consumption frequency and patterns. Methods: The source of this study was based on raw data from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, V-2, V-3). The subjects of the elderly aged 65 and over 5742 people were in the final analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that the elderly's obesity and abdominal obesity were significantly affected by their sex, food consumption frequency, smoking, and spouses. Moreover, subjects without dinner consumption had 0.658 times lower possibilities of obesity. In addition, consumption of three meals a day will be obesity 0.771 times lower than that of one or two meals a day(OR=0.771, 95%CI=0.65-0.913). Conclusions: The goal of this study is to achieve a better understanding of the characteristics of obesity depending on the elderly's eating habits and finally to present the baseline data for the improvement of their dietary habits.


The objectives of this study the effects of fabric noise from active wear on electrodiagnosis(EMG), to examine the effects on subjective sensation, and to relate the EMG results and the subjective sensation.. Five nylon water repellent taffeta fabrics were rubbed each other and the fabric noise were recorded. EMG was done from 10 female university students and electrodes were attached on each participant's upper arm and lower am. The subjective sensation was measured by FMME(Free Modulus Magnitude Estimation). The EMG values from upper arm showed higher voltage than those from lower arm, and the differences between values with fabric sound and without were larger at upper arm than those at lower am. EMG decreased when fabric sound was evaluated soft and pleasant, however It increased in proportion as fabric sound was evaluated loud and sharp. The predicted models for subjective sensation using physical sound properties and EMG results were well explained except roughness. Pleasantness was well predicted by EMG at upper am and EMG at lower arm, as the result, it was explained that the lower the EMG, the more pleasant the participant.


The mixed alkali borophosphate 25Li2CO3:25Ca2O3:30B2O3:20P2O5 glasses doped with 1 mol% of different transition metal ions were prepared and studied using photoluminescence techniques. The transition metal ions used included chromium, manganese and iron. Chromium doped glass exhibits a violet emission band at 316 nm and this band has been assigned to the transition of z6Dᵒ1/2 → a4P5/2. While manganese doped glass show a violet emission band at 408 nm which is assigned to z7Pᵒ4 → a5D4 and a red emission band at 632 nm which is assigned to the transition of z5Pᵒ3 → a5G6. Lastly, for the iron doped glass shows many emission bands along the visible range.


2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (1) undergoes acid-catalysed ring closure to the corresponding 2-phenyl-1-indanone (2). We propose structures for two by-products from this reaction. The 2-phenyl-1-indanone is shown to be susceptible to auto-oxidation being converted, in the presence of air, into a mixture of the corresponding 3-phenylisocoumarin (7; R = OMe), 2-hydroxy-2-phenylindan-1-one (11), and benzyl 2-carboxyphenyl ketone (5; R = OMe).


This document delineates the functions and requirements for the FFCA Stack Isolation Project for the 244-A, 244-BX, 244-5, and 244-TX DCRTs. The isolation of each ventilation system and stack includes the electrical, instrumentation, and mechanical isolation of the ventilation system and the installation of primary and annulus breather filters to provide passive ventilation to meet the FFCA requirements.


Adsorbent materials for gas purification have been studied and developed for application in many areas. It is known that a single adsorbent may not adequately control multiple contaminants. Therefo ...


Heat transfer measurements were made at near-atmospheric pressure on a smooth tube, on 24 integral-fin tubes having machined, rectangular-shaped fins, and on a commercial integral-fin tube. All tubes were made of copper. The vapor flowed vertically downward with a nominal velocity of 0.4 m/s. Vapor-side heat transfer coefficients were determined with a typical uncertainty of {plus minus}7% using a modified Wilson plot technique. The vapor-side heat transfer coefficient of the integral-fin tubes (based upon the outside surface area of the smooth tube) was enhanced considerably more than the surface area enhancement provided by the fins. Heat transfer enhancements (for the same vapor-to-wall temperature difference) up to around 7 were measured for a corresponding area enhancement of only 3.9. The optimum fin spacing was found to lie between 0.2 and 0.5 mm, depending upon fin thickness and height. The data were compared with those of other investigations and with several existing theoretical models. Visual observations of condensate drainage patterns from the finned tubes were also made.


Solid thin films have been deposited on carbon steel substrates in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor where natural gas, mostly methane (CH4), was used as a precursor gas. The effect of gas flow rate on the thin film deposition rate has been investigated experimentally. The effect of gap between activation heater and substrate on the deposition rate has also been observed. To do so, a hot filament thermal chemical vapor deposition unit is used. The flow rate of natural gas varies from 0.5 to 2 l/min at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) and the gap between activation heater and substrate varies from 4 to 6.5 mm. Results show that the deposition rate on carbon steel increases with the increase of gas flow rate. It is also seen that deposition rate increases with the decrease of gap between activation heater and substrate within the observed range. These results are analyzed by dimensional analysis to correlate the deposition rate with gas flow rate, surface roughness and film thickness. In addition, friction coefficient and wear rate of carbon steel sliding against SS 304 under different normal loads are also investigated before and after deposition. The obtained results reveal that in general, the values of friction coefficient and wear rate are lower after deposition than that of before deposition.


Received: 25/11/2021 Pectin is a naturally occurring compound possessing nontoxicity, high stability and low cost which is widely used to manufacture drug carriers in order to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug dosage. Previous study led to a successful production of micro curcumin bead using ionotropic gelation method by complexation of low methoxyl amidated pectin as drug carrier, surfactant Solutol HS 15 and divalent cation Ca2. In this study, the in vitro dissolution of curcumin from micro curcumin beads was carried out in order to evaluate these of protective effectiveness in the acid medium (pH = 1.2), as well as these of controlled release in the base medium (pH 7.4). The results showed that the release of curcumin from beads was delayed in the pH = 1.2 medium. In contrary, when the pH changed to 7.4, the highest release of curcumin in S10 and S15 beads was achieved after 100 minutes of dissolution, and the slope of release was started controlling after this point of time. The mechanism of curcumin release from beads in intestinal medium was fitted in KorsmeyerPeppas model. The diffusion of curcumin was influenced by both Fickian diffusion and polymer swelling. Revised: 13/01/2022


How might historians narrate Britain's past if we centre imperial racial formation and its contestations? The thirtieth anniversary of Paul Gilroy's There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack: The Cultural Politics of Race and Nation provided an opportunity for a new generation of scholars to consider the frameworks of race in British history. In 1987, Gilroy challenged Marxist approaches that treated race as secondary to or even a mechanistic expression of class inequality. He showed that the failure to account for race and empire positioned racialized subjects as perpetual outsiders. Taking up Gilroy's analysis as a point of departure, this thematic issue brings together analyses of the state, institutions, and individuals to propose new periodizations, geographies, and methodologies for understanding twentieth-century British history. In this introduction, Marc Matera, Radhika Natarajan, Kennetta Hammond Perry, Camilla Schofield, and Rob Waters describe the five-year conversation that led to this thematic issue, introduce their respective essays, and explain why race must be understood not as a descriptive category but as an analytical framework for understanding Britain's past.


Students, instead of pursuing a degree, strive to gain admissions to the collegiate sports programs not to obtain a degree but as a means to a professional athletic career. Schools also rely on athletic programs to fund major projects and as a steady revenue source. This paper traces the historical roots of collegiate athletics dating back to the colonial period. It will explore how collegiate athletic programs began and how the colleges embraced athletics through the 19th and 20th centuries leading to our vision of modern day collegiate athletics. The focus will include the early appearance of college intramurals in institutions such as Harvard and Yale; explore the formation of athletics departments and the NCAA; and trace the value added to the college experience.


Unfamiliar or esoteric visual forms arise in many areas of visualization. While such forms can be intriguing, it can be unclear how to make effective use of them without long periods of practice or costly user studies. In this work we analyze the table cartogram—a graphic which visualizes tabular data by bringing the areas of a grid of quadrilaterals into correspondence with the input data, like a heat map that has been "area‐ed" rather than colored. Despite having existed for several years, little is known about its appropriate usage. We mend this gap by using Algebraic Visualization Design to show that they are best suited to relatively small tables with ordinal axes for some comparison and outlier identification tasks. In doing so we demonstrate a discount theory‐based analysis that can be used to cheaply determine best practices for unknown visualizations.


Volume 115, Issue 24, 2014, pp 13051−13092, DOI 10.1021/cr500310b T authors of the paper would like to acknowledge a missing reference for the text in the first paragraph of section 6.3. This wording was originally published by Wallington, T. J.; Dagaut, P.; Kurylo, M. J. Correlation between gas-phase and solution-phase reactivities of hydroxyl radicals towards saturated organic compounds. J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 5024−5028, DOI 10.1021/j100328a039, and therefore should have appeared in quotes with a reference to this work. The authors would like to present their most sincere apologies to Dr. Wallington, Dr. Dagaut, and Dr. Kurylo for failing to properly cite and give credit to their work. "The main difference between reactions in the gas phase and in the aqueous phase is the solvent effect in the solution. The reactants in the aqueous phase may experience many collisions in the so called 'solvent cage' before breaking out in comparison to the gas phase where reactants undergo in more regular series of encounters. "The comparison of the rate constants between the gas phase and aqueous phase can be a useful tool for predicting the reactivity in one or the other phase" (Wallington et al., 1988).


Technical advances are enabling a pervasive computational ecosystem that integrates computing infrastructures with embedded sensors and actuators, and are giving rise to a new paradigm for monitoring, understanding, and managing natural and engineered systems - one that is information/data-driven. This research investigates programming systems for sensor-driven applications. It addresses abstractions and runtime mechanisms for integrating sensor systems with computational models for scientific processes, as well as for in- network data processing, e.g., aggregation, adaptive interpolation and assimilation. The current status of this research, as well as initial results are presented.


Experiments with different tests for homogeneity are performed. Sensitivity of the tests to different modifications of the time series is examined. Experiments were made with artificially generated normally distributed random series, on which different modifications were imposed: trends (constant and changing), simple periodicity (sine wave), jump, and various combinations of jump plus another change. Experiments with the combined models aimed to examine whether the jump can be detected in the presence of other modifications (with a presumption that the most probable form of inhomogeneity is an abrupt change). To obtain reliable results, each experiment was repeated with 100 different random series, and the results for individual series were averaged. The experiments show that graphical tests can give an indication about the form of the change. Serious problems are the cases when two or more modifications interfere in such a way that the tests fail to indicate the change. An example with the annual precipitation series of Sofia (Bulgaria) is presented.


Beginning a study of Mark Twain's introspective art near the end of his career, with What Is Man? (), might seem counterintuitive, but Douglas Anderson makes a good justification for this somewhat eccentric approach: Twain, he points out, had been contemplating these philosophic ideas for several decades, and in his last decade he was looking back. As Douglas states in the opening of The Introspective Art of Mark Twain,


Background: The existing standard of nursing language consists of NANDA-I for diagnostic language standard, Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) for nursing intervention, and Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) for nursing outcomes. One way to improve the quality of nursing care documentation is to provide training in the documentation system.Objectives: To determine the effect of providing NANDA-I, NIC, and NOC (NNN) nursing care documentation systems training on the quality of nursing documentation.Methods: This was a pre-experimental study with pretest posttest design without a control group.  Twenty-one nurses and eighty-six Medical Records (MR) of patients who were treated in the perinatal ward of Yogyakarta Regional Public Hospital were used as samples selected using purposive sampling. Those nurses were trained in the nursing care documentation system. The quality of nursing care documentation was measured using modified Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Q-DIO) instrument. Data were analyzed using Independent samples t-test with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The average of the scores of the quality of nursing documentation before training was lower (1.91) than the average after training (2.78). There was a significant difference in the quality of nursing documentation before and after training (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Training of NNN nursing documentation system could improve the quality of nursing documentation in the perinatal ward of Yogyakarta Regional Public Hospital.


The present investigation deals with the uptake of As(III) and As(V) ions from aqueous solution by activated alumina and a new laboratory-prepared sorbent—iron oxide impregnated activated alumina. Iron oxide impregnation onto activated alumina significantly increased the percent arsenic removal and adsorption capacity for As(III) and As(V) ions. The maximum As(III) and As(V) removals were 96.8% and 98.4%, respectively, by iron oxide impregnated activated alumina (IOIAA). Maximum As(III) and As(V) removal of 94.2% and 96.1% was observed over activated alumina. Kinetic studies were performed at different initial sorbate concentrations to determine the mechanism of mass transfer of sorbate onto this sorbent. The maximum removal of As(III) and As(V) by activated alumina and iron oxide impregnated alumina takes place within 6 h and attains equilibrium within 12 h. First-order Lagergren kinetics explained the adsorption of arsenic over activated alumina whereas a pseudo-second order rate equation explained the behaviour of As(III) adsorption over iron oxide impregnated activated alumina. Diffusional effects in solid pellets were also investigated to understand the mechanism of adsorption. These results indicate that the mechanism of arsenic adsorption is complex on both sorbents as both pore diffusion and surface diffusion contribute to the arsenic removal. During the initial period, surface diffusion was predominant but as the adsorption progresses, pore diffusion dominated the rate of adsorption.


CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) has enjoyed widespread use in the turbomachinery industry for some time. When coupled with other solvers, such as meanline and streamline curvature, it can be an integral part of a comprehensive design and analysis system. The pbCFD (Pushbutton CFD®) product is the CFD component of Concepts NREC's Agile Engineering Design System®. It is a structured grid CFD flow solver optimized for turbomachinery analysis. Concepts NREC has made an extensive validation effort over a wide range of diverse turbomachinery stages including, compressors, pumps, and turbines for both radial and axial machines. Detailed comparison to test data of 10 different stages is shown in this paper and clearly demonstrates the high performance of pbCFD in quantifying fluid dynamic losses and pressure changes over a wide range of geometries and flow conditions.© 2003 ASME


The article deals with socio-psychological problems of young people's employment. The authors consider factors influencing youth unemployment and special features of the regional labour market.


Amide groups were anchored covalently on the surface of ethylene-co-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymer film by surface grafting of amino acid intermediates. The process consisted of four steps: conversion of carboxylic acid groups on the EAA surface to acid chloride groups, amino acid attachment, conversion of amino acid carboxyl groups to acid chloride groups, and amidation. All steps were carried out at room temperature. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize the film after each step and to measure the kinetics of amino acid attachment. Three amino acids were studied: 12-aminododecanoic acid (12-ADDA), 5-aminophthalic acid (5-APA), and L-aspartic acid (AA). The longer-chain 12-ADDA compound was selected for its chemical similarity to migratory fatty amides that are commonly used to alter the frictional behavior of polyolefin films. The 5-APA and AA compounds were selected because each has two carboxylic acid groups that can be converted to amide groups. After amidation, the modified EAA films were characterized by static water contact angle measurements and scanning probe microscopy. Results showed that the 12-ADDA reacted to the surface much faster than the 5-APA or AA. Several steps of aggressive rinsing confirmed that the 12-aminododecanamide was chemically anchored onto the EAA surface. As a result, both hydrophilicity and surface roughness were increased. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1688–1694, 2004


The effects of substituting wheat with crude glycerol as a dietary energy source were evaluated. Seventy-two weaned pigs were fed for 4 wk one of three pelleted wheat-based diets containing 0, 4, o...


Chickpea split of variety PBG-1 was evaluated for their basic physical
properties that are often required in order to design production processes,
equipment and evaluation of the effect of processing on nutrients, at a
moisture content of 12.97 ± 0.30% (dry basis). The average split length,
width and thickness dimensions were 6.25, 5.31 and 2.91 mm, respectively.
The geometric mean diameter, unit mass, sphericity and true density were
4.58 mm, 0.067 g, 73.46% and 1.202 g/ml respectively. However, static
coefficient of friction varied on three different surfaces from 0.30 on
galvanized steel sheet, 0.43 on Plywood to 0.45 on glass with splits
perpendicular to direction of motion, while the angle of repose was 31.86°.


This column will focus on practical procedures that counselors have found effective in their work, describing objectives and the who , when , where , and how of a particular technique. Counselors should send their ideas , typewritten , double-spaced , in duplicate y to Robert My rick, Associate Professor of Counselor Education , College of Education , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32601.


shortly after landing on the shore, walked away from the water and spread its wings and tail in unusual manner... Similarly, researchers extremely experienced with this species...could not recall observing similar behaviour on the species breeding grounds...


Significance We report three high-resolution structures of microtubules in different nucleotide states—GMPCPP, GDP, and GTPγS—in the absence of any binding proteins, allowing us to separate the effects of nucleotide- and microtubule (MT)-associated protein (MAPs) binding on MT structure. End-binding (EB) proteins can bind and induce partial lattice compaction of a preformed GMPCPP-bound MT, a lattice type that is far from EBs' ideal binding platform. We propose a model in which the MT lattice serves as a platform that integrates internal tubulin signals, such as nucleotide state, with outside signals, such as binding of MAPs. These global lattice rearrangements in turn affect the affinity of other MT partners and result in the exquisite regulation of the MT dynamics. Microtubules (MTs) are polymers assembled from αβ-tubulin heterodimers that display the hallmark behavior of dynamic instability. MT dynamics are driven by GTP hydrolysis within the MT lattice, and are highly regulated by a number of MT-associated proteins (MAPs). How MAPs affect MTs is still not fully understood, partly due to a lack of high-resolution structural data on undecorated MTs, which need to serve as a baseline for further comparisons. Here we report three structures of MTs in different nucleotide states (GMPCPP, GDP, and GTPγS) at near-atomic resolution and in the absence of any binding proteins. These structures allowed us to differentiate the effects of nucleotide state versus MAP binding on MT structure. Kinesin binding has a small effect on the extended, GMPCPP-bound lattice, but hardly affects the compacted GDP-MT lattice, while binding of end-binding (EB) proteins can induce lattice compaction (together with lattice twist) in MTs that were initially in an extended and more stable state. We propose a MT lattice-centric model in which the MT lattice serves as a platform that integrates internal tubulin signals, such as nucleotide state, with outside signals, such as binding of MAPs or mechanical forces, resulting in global lattice rearrangements that in turn affect the affinity of other MT partners and result in the exquisite regulation of MT dynamics.


The present invention relates to an energy storage self-lighting road marking dope which is characterized in that the raw materials of the dope consist of 15 to 16 portions of petroleum resin, 15 to 16 portions of quartz sand, 25 to 50 portions of calcium carbonate powder, 18 to 20 portions of glass bead, 0.8 to 1.2 portions of polyethylene wax, 0.8 to 1.5 portions of dioctylphthalate, 1.0 to 1.2portions of EVA hot-melt adhesive, 2.0 to 4.0 portions of titanium pigment and 2.0 to 10 portions of energy storage luminescent material by weight proportion. All the raw materials of the energy storage self-lighting road marking dope are commercial universal industrial raw materials, the energy storage self-lighting road marking dope has low manufacturing cost and simple technology, also has good energy storage self-lighting and reflecting functions and ensures that a road marking has the characteristics of good luminescent recognizability, high luminescent intensity and long luminescent time no matter under the condition with light or without light; and the marking dope can be widely applied to various kinds of roads without illuminating device, such as highway, town road, village road,montane road, and the like, and can improve the traffic safety factor greatly.


Ligands that specifically target retinoid-X receptors (RXRs) are emerging as potentially powerful therapies for cancer, diabetes, and the lowering of circulatory cholesterol. To date, RXR has only been crystallized in the absence of ligand or with the promiscuous ligand 9-cis retinoic acid, which also activates retinoic acid receptors. Here we present the structure of hRXRβ in complex with the RXR-specific agonist LG100268 (LG268). The structure clearly reveals why LG268 is specific for the RXR ligand binding pocket and will not activate retinoic acid receptors. Intriguingly, in the crystals, the C-terminal "activation" helix (AF-2/helix H12) is trapped in a novel position not seen in other nuclear receptor structures such that it does not cap the ligand binding cavity. Mammalian two-hybrid assays indicate that LG268 is unable to release co-repressors from RXR unless co-activators are also present. Together these findings suggest that RXR ligands may be inefficient at repositioning helix H12.


The emergence SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and early 2020 has caused a pandemic of unprecedented proportions. Management of COVID-19 became emergent public health priorities, and the impact on other public health initiatives, such as expanded HIV screening and linkage to care, remain largely unknown. In this Single-Center retrospective observational study, we describe the characteristics and circumstance of the new HIV cases during 2020 compared to 2019. We observed a decrease of HIV diagnosis during this period. Interestingly, median age at HIV diagnosis decreased of one decade and percentage of female patients was higher. In addition, more patients received diagnosis during hospitalization and more AIDS-defining conditions, such as Pneumocystis pneumonia, were detected. We express our concern that HIV new diagnoses will increase as a result of people's inability to get tested or treated in this period. More efforts are needed to improve local screening programs both during and after COVID-19 pandemic. Significance for public health Our experience highlights the importance of a resilient healthcare system ready to implement new strategies in order to guarantee the continuum of HIV care even in the context of emergency. Notwithstanding our efforts, we observed a decrease of HIV diagnosis during this period compared to 2019. We express our concern that HIV new diagnoses will increase as a result of people's inability to get tested or treated in this period. Our City, by signing the Paris Declaration on Fast-Track Cities in 2019 made the commitment to accelerate HIV responses to achieve end of AIDS epidemic by 2030. COVID-19 pandemic has slowed down this process around the world and in our city and in order not to lose ground, more efforts are needed to improve local screening programs both during and after COVID-19 pandemic.


Abstract This paper analyzes the importance of entrepreneurship in education. Originally, the entrepreneurship model is an economic model. But, nowadays, as educational domain became more attractive for entrepreneurs and technological changes created new opportunities for autonomy, de-centralization, and customization in educational systems, entrepreneurship is a reality in education too. The new forms of education, such as virtual schools or online courses stimulated entrepreneurs to invest in education in the same mode as they would initiate businesses in domains more market oriented. They take risks to invest in education and are known as 'edupreneurs'. In the first part of the paper is discussing the role of entrepreneurship in education emphasizing the idea that education is a domain in that innovation is promoting and producing all the time and, due this, a domain of entrepreneurship. In the second part of the paper the new concepts of edupreneurship and edupreneur are used to express the essence of entrepreneurial initiative in education and to emphasize significant issues of educational entrepreneurship. In the last part various forms of edupreneurial initiative are presented. The conclusion of the paper is that edupreneurial initiatives may represent viable solutions for the problems that schools and school managers are facing nowadays.


of this book cannot be so equivocal. It seems to have been fitfully proofread and copy-edited. The problems with regard to the generous music examples extend to a number of errors, punctuation is inconsistent when not wrong, words are missing, and the short Index not only features duplicated entries but also lacks names that one would expect to find there. If a phrase like 'avant le letter' (pp. 80^1) can be partly ascribed to the stealthy hand of autocorrect, it is harder to explain how a momentary conflation of 'Gesetz' (law) with the intended 'Gesicht' (face, pp. 169^70) in a discussion of the niceties of translation could have survived a second reading. W. DEAN SUTCLIFFE University of Auckland


The article deals on the oration on the art of acting composed in 1622 by Antonino Tantillo, a man of letters from Palermo, who conceived it for the Accademia degli Agghiacciati, founded in the Sicilian capital and formed by actors who regularly staged plays. The oration, transmitted as a manuscript, is fully transcribed and published in this number of AAR. This preliminary article focuses on the author, on the context where the discourse was pronounced, on the text as a whole and on some of its most significant passages including the analysis of the performances of two of the Accademia's actors who, in 1621, played the main characters in the sacred tragedy La s. Agatha, written by the Jesuit Ortensio Scammacca. The text composed by Tantillo emerges as a rare attempt of systematically treating the theory and practice of acting in the XVII century, especially in tragedies. In it we can trace the relationships with the ancient rhetoric, with the anecdotal tradition on the actor and with the classical and Renaissance sources from wich Tantillo draws.


the early 1990s raised concerns about the security of its nuclear weapons.1 In response, the United States joined forces with countries of the former Soviet Union, especially Russia, as well as the European Union and other states, to create a series of programs aimed at securing former Soviet weapons of mass destruction (wmd), weaponsrelevant materials, and scienti1⁄2c expertise. Of these efforts, the most troubled has been the one aimed at containing wmd skills and knowledge. Former Soviet weapons experts haven't sold their knowledge around the world; indeed, there have been almost no documented cases of such proliferation (although concerns remain about what goes unreported). Rather, it is the means chosen for 1⁄2ghting such proliferation–working with and reemploying wmd experts –that have proven problematic. Cooperation with former cold war enemies certainly created a host of dif1⁄2culties, as did the secrecy that surrounds nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons efforts. But there's a signi1⁄2cant barrier to success found much closer to home. The U.S. bureaucracies tasked with implementing programs focused on the proliferation of wmd expertise came up against a problem common to all organizations: the need to pursue and protect their own interests. The notion that organizations have their own interests is well-established, although too often national security issues are assumed to be so important they trump this self-interested behavior. Organizations, the literature claims, seek to manage the environments in which they act. In particular, organizations that have to please similar authorities and that face comparable constraints exhibit isomorphic behavior. That is, they often respond to external pressure by aligning their interests with the interests of powerful external forces. This, in turn, means that organizations that face similar environments come to resemble one another, either through coordinated duplication or mimicry. But organizations also need to 1⁄2t in at home. When organizations are given new tasks, these tasks come to be de1⁄2ned and implemented in ways that accommodate and reinforce the interests of the parent organization. U.S. nonproliferation programs tried both to accommodate their external environments and to match their goals with the goals of their parent organiza-


Time takes those who are close. The circle tightens and a once wide ring contracts. Three friends wait at a restaurant for the fourth. Dinner is served. The meal is eaten. Coffee comes. The check arrives. Dishes are cleared. Voices are lowered. The clock dispatches the hours. The empty seat remains. Unseen, the fourth friend has slipped from now into then; into the folds of the past, into the embrace of eternity.


Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid copper halide perovskites have drawn tremendous attention as promising multifunctional materials. Herein, by incorporating ortho-, meta-, and para-chlorine substitutions in the benzylamine structure, we first report the influence of positional isomerism on the crystal structures of chlorobenzylammonium copper(II) chloride perovskites A2CuCl4. 2D polar ferromagnets (3-ClbaH)2CuCl4 and (4-ClbaH)2CuCl4 (ClbaH+ = chlorobenzylammonium) are successfully obtained. They both adopt a polar monoclinic space group Cc at room temperature, displaying significant differences in crystal structures. In contrast, (2-ClbaH)2CuCl4 adopts a centrosymmetric space group P21/c at room temperature. This associated structural evolution successfully enhances the physical properties of the two polar compounds with high thermal stability, discernible second harmonic generation (SHG) signals, ferromagnetism, and narrow optical band gaps. These findings demonstrate that the introduction of chlorine atoms into the interlayer organic species is a powerful tool to tune crystal symmetries and physical properties, and this inspires further exploration of designing high-performance multifunctional copper-based materials.


This work presents a novel approach to the segmentation of a textured image. We give a new validity function to check the validity of cluster number, it ensures the clustering results being fit for the real data structure by the aid of training of neural network. Then we synthesize traditional fuzzy clustering approaches and neural network to research the texture segmentation. The adaptive algorithm mainly includes three process: (1) feature extraction, extracting the texture features; (2) feature classification, using adaptively neural network to determine the clusters number; (3) fuzzy clustering, getting the results of classification and segmentation. Our experiments have proved the effectiveness of this method.


This paper is concerned with the growth rate of SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered) epidemics with general infectious period distribution on random intersection graphs. This type of graph is characterized by the presence of cliques (fully connected subgraphs). We study epidemics on random intersection graphs with a mixed Poisson degree distribution and show that in the limit of large population sizes the number of infected individuals grows exponentially during the early phase of the epidemic, as is generally the case for epidemics on asymptotically unclustered networks. The Malthusian parameter is shown to satisfy a variant of the classical Euler-Lotka equation. To obtain these results we construct a coupling of the epidemic process and a continuous-time multitype branching process, where the type of an individual is (essentially) given by the length of its infectious period. Asymptotic results are then obtained via an embedded single-type Crump-Mode-Jagers branching process.


emphasis that Rabbi Israel placed upon wealth and material acquisitions. Here was a rabbi who inhabited palatial quarters, awoke each morning to the sounds of his private orchestra, was transported in his gilded, horse-drawn chariot, and declared, "all the money in the world is mine!" (213). Assaf expertly explores the nature of Rabbi Israel's materialism and grandiosity, challenging both the worshipful Hasidic view that Rabbi Israel did not derive any personal pleasure from his material possessions and the harsh scholarly assessment exemplified by Dubnow. This biography is of value not only to students of Jewish mysticism. Those interested in the multicultural world of the nineteenth-century Austro-Hungarian empire will find the final part of the book, where Assaf describes the inner world of Ruzhin Hasidism, to be particularly rewarding. Here the intricately coded culture and distinctive rituals of the grandiose and palatial Hasidic courts spawned throughout Moldavia, Bukovina, and Galicia by the descendants of Rabbi Israel come to life. To this day, visitors to numerous tiny towns in northern Moldavia and southwestern Ukraine—former shtetls with the Yiddishized names of Sadigure, Vizhnitz, Chortkov, Buhush, and Husiatin—will come across the surprising remains of these palatial Hasidic complexes, edifices entirely out of proportion with their surroundings. These magnificent buildings, the courts of the Hasidic rebbes of the Ruzhin dynasty, are all that is left in Europe of the vibrant Hasidic civilization that was ravaged by World War I and finally annihilated by the Holocaust.


Modern tunneling projects will often rely on a Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) rather than traditional drill and blast (D&B) methods, because of TBMs' increased tunneling efficiency[1]. TBMs have a circular drill at the front, which can range in diameter from 1 meter to 19.25 meters, depending on the desired use for the completed tunnel. Applications of tunnels dug by TBMs range from underground water and sewer conduits to subway lines and double-decker, 3-lane wide highways. Most TBM contractors monitor the performance of their TBMs with sensors that send data back to a central data collection system. 200-400 sensor readings are collected every 10 seconds on tunneling projects that can last over a year [2].


Nanotechnology is applied in many scientific domains because it provides a variety of practical answers to scientific and medical problems. This systematic literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method to analyze nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHGs) in dentistry. Based on the results of a literature review study on 40 articles, NCHGs have the potential for antibacterial agents, tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, dental materials, etc. The present review aims to provide a depth analysis of NCHGs, impart on the recent advancement in the scope of dentistry, and discuss their applications. Understanding of the principles of NCHGs, their strengths and limitations as well as their specific benefits.


This paper briefly deals with the history and status quo of mulberry polyploid breeding and describes characters and economic value of the polyploids,in particular triploid and tetraploid.China is the most abundant in mulberry polyploid resources,of which 64,13,66,2 and 1 portions of natural triploid,tetraploid,hexaploid,octoploid and dicosaploid have been found, respectively.Progress in polyploidy breeding of mulberry in China has been fast in recent years,such as in the techniques of tetraploid induction,triploid breeding and polyploid hybrid combination.A number of promising triploid and hybrid combinations have been bred out.Direction of the polyploid breeding in future is also discussed.