Human sensitivity to amplitude modulation has long been of interest to researchers, both in behavioural and neurological measures. Processing of amplitude modulation is implicated in the process of speech perception and sinusoidal amplitude modulation is used extensively to probe the mechanisms involved in encoding this information. The temporal envelope of speech is more accurately described as bursts of modulation rather than continuous modulation and the current work exposes participants to a continuum of modulation waveforms; from sinusoidal to pulsatile. Waveforms were amplitude modulated at 4 Hz and imposed upon a 500 Hz pure‐tone carrier. The waveforms were generated using raised‐cosine pulses with different half‐durations. Half‐durations of 8, 16, 24, 32, 64 and 125 ms were used (125 ms producing sinusoidal amplitude modulation at 4 Hz). Stimuli were 240 seconds in duration and responses were collected on a 248 channel whole‐head MEG scanner. The frequency domain steady‐state response was analysed from each condition in 14 participants, and results confirmed that the response to sinusoidal amplitude modulation was significantly lower than to modulations more representative of those found in speech signals. This suggests that non‐sinusoidal stimuli may be more effective when investigating these auditory mechanisms.


With the aim of probing the optimal cutterhead structure for sandy cobble stratum in Beijing metro, four typical cutterhead structure are presented. The load on the cutterhead is calculated. The finite element models of cutterhead with thickness of 350 mm, 400 mm and 500 mm for each structure style are established respectively. By analyzing the stress distribution for each model, we find that the maximum stress of spoke-style cuttehead are lower than that on the board-style cutterhead; the structural properties of cutterhead with straight corbel are better than that with oblique corbel. Finally, the optimal cutterhead structure and size for sandy cobble stratum is selected.


In the history of technology, the loom has come to occupy an important place. While the horizontal handloom has a comparatively simple mechanism, this is not true of the vertical drawloom, which through centuries has developed complex forms. The question of the latter's presence in India in early times has aroused some controversy. The case is made in this article that it arrived in the thirteenth century from Iran but failed to supplant the handloom in most areas of textile production, except for carpet weaving, mainly in Kashmir.


Precipitation from mixed aqueousorganic systems by hydrothermal stripping was a novel method for synthesizing oxide metal powders for use in high performance applications. Factors affecting the stripping process, such as the initial iron concentration, the naphthenic acid concentration, seeds and temperature, have been investigated. The apparent activation energy by the initial rate method was 94kJ/mol, indicating that the process was controlled by a chemical reaction. 


are expected to be tetrahedrallycoordinated in the melt. Quenching the highly viscousglass NBS2 freezes in a transitional coordination of thedopants. The optical spectra of the doped glasses arediscussed in relation to the applied heat treatment. Thestructural changes observed upon reheating the quenchedsamples were especially pronounced when the appliedtemperature is 150 to 200°C above the


Copper hydroxid / overoxidized polypyrrole composite film modified electrode was fabricated by using cyclic voltammetry and characterized by electrochemistry.The electrochemical behavior of glucose on the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric techniques in 0.10 mol·L-1 NaOH.The results showed that the resulting modified electrode exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose.Under the optimum conditions,the calibration curve was over the range of 2.0×10-7 mol·L-1 to 1.2×10-3 mol·L-1 with the detection limit of 1.0×10-7 mol·L-1(3Sb).The highest sensitivity for the determination of glucose was 2500.0 μA·mmol-1·cm-2.The RSD(n=10) for the determination of 1.0×10-5 mol·L-1 Glu was 3.9% and the recoveries were 96.5 % ~ 100.6%.The proposed method was applied to detect glucose in the serum.


This paper presents a procedure that works at fundamental frequency to compute switching angles in single phase 9-level converters to eliminate the third and odd triple harmonics and to reduce other low order harmonics, obtaining a low total harmonic distortion (THD). The DC voltages feeding the converter, that are equal, but variable, allow to obtain switching angles independent on modulation index. The proposed procedure consists in a minimization of THD by means of a suitable graphical procedure. It's mathematically demonstrated that the third and all odd multiple of the third harmonic are deleted. Simulation results, obtained by using Matlab/Simulink, are shown.


Received 12 July 2004; revised 22 December 2004; accepted 14 January 2005; published 2 April 2005. [1] The relative location of seismic sources is of importance for the location of aftershocks on a fault, for the positioning of sources in repeat seismic surveys, and for monitoring induced seismicity. In this paper we show how the seismic coda can be used to infer a measure of the source separation of two identical seismic sources from the correlation of the waveforms recorded at a single receiver. The theory is applicable to an explosive source in an acoustic or elastic medium and for a point force or double couple in an elastic medium. For an explosive source the source separation is constrained to be located on a sphere, while for a point force and a double couple the source separation can be constrained to be located on an ellipsoid whose symmetry axis is determined by the point force or double couple. We validate the theory with synthetic seismograms and apply the theory to earthquake doublets on the Hayward fault, California. The distance between events obtained from the coda waves agrees with the distance obtained from the double-difference method.


The cloud concept was used to denote the segregation point between the responsibility of the provider and the user. Cloud computing overcome this border to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure. Virtualization is one of the most significant technologies to impact computing in the last few years. It is the backbone for cloud computing. Virtualization systems is exposed to some threats inherited from regular computerized systems for example Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, Zombies and honeypots.  Some types of threats and vulnerabilities is dedicated to virtual machines. The core of VM vulnerabilities comes from a compromised VM can be attack other VMs on the same hypervisor or can be attack the hypervisor itself because they are in the same physical hardware layer. Co-location of multiple VMs increases the attack surface and risk of VM to VM compromise. In this paper, we introduce our novel security management system between virtual machines. We introduce our innovative pilot project to enhance the security between virtual machines and monitor the traffic between VMs. We design three VMs server with different platforms (OS). We implement virtual Endian FirewallvEFW and IDS from converting physical open source EFW to virtual EFW and we deployed it to monitor traffic between virtual servers and allow or deny the traffic between virtual machines and outside the system.


In this paper,3 year old seedlings of four types of Ilexs,Ilex chinensis,I.dabeishannensis,I.× meserveae 'Blue Girl'and I.crenata'Golden Gem'were treated with benzene stress.After the treatment,the ultra-structure changes of their mesophyll cells were observed under the transmission electron microscope.The results showed that:for all the tested samples,their membrance systems,organelle structure stabilities and nucleus structures were damaged at different degree after the benzene stress and their fastness in resisting benzene stress were sorted as I.dabeishannensis ﹥ I.× meserveae'Blue Girl'﹥ I.crenata'Golden Gem'﹥ Ilex chinensis.


Audio mining is to extract audio signals for indicating patterns and features of audio data to get data mining results. Various audio features like Mel frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC), Linear Predictive Coefficient (LPC), Compactness, Spectral Flux (SF), Band Periodicity (BP), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR) etc are used to classify audio data into various classes. Various classification algorithms such as Naive Bayes, FT, J48, ID3 and LibSVM are used to classify audio data into defined classes. Using various performance parameters such as True Positive (TP) Rate, False Positive (FP) Rate etc., results of various classification algorithms are compared.


We prepared titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) photocatalysts sensitive to visible light, namely copper(II) [Cu(II)]-grafted tungsten and gallium co-doped TiO 2 (Ti 1 ¹ 3 x W x Ga 2 x O 2 , x value is up to 0.12), based on the concept of narrowing the band gap of TiO 2 by positively shifting its conduction band (CB) edge to a lower energy level and the catalytic multi-electron reduction of oxygen by Cu(I) ions [H. Yu, H. Irie, K. Hashimoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 132, 6898 (2010)]. Using this approach, the optical band-gap energy of TiO 2 was decreased to ³ 2.8eV, and band-gap narrowing was con fi rmed by measuring the action spectrum for oxygen evolution from water in the presence of iron ions [Fe(III), from FeCl 3 ]. The Cu(II)-grafted Ti 1 ¹ 3 x W x Ga 2 x O 2 ( x = 0.12) photocatalyst effectively decomposed 2-propanol to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) via acetone under visible light (400  530nm, 1mW / cm 2 ) with a CO 2 -generation rate of 0.30 ¯ mol / h. Grafting Cu(II) ions after the hydrochloric acid treatment of Ti 1 ¹ 3 x W x Ga 2 x O 2 ( x = 0.12) increased the CO 2 -generation rate to 0.40 ¯ mol /


Summary: The effect of racemic disopyramide and its enantiomers on the action potential was studied in Tyrodes (4.0 mM KCL)–superfused canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Nonstereodependent depression of action potential amplitude and phase 0 &OV0312;max was observed in control fibers and following pretreatment with either nisoldipine or verapamil. Stereospecific effects of the enantiomers were prominent during repolarization phases of the action potential and could be modified by pretreatment with the calcium channel blocking agents. R(−) disopyramide decreased action potential duration at 90% repolarization and shortened the effective refractory period. S(+) disopyramide increased action potential duration at 90% repolarization and prolonged refractoriness. This disparate effect of the enantiomers was eliminated following pretreatment with verapamil. Stereospecific effects on repolarization persisted when fibers were pretreated with nisoldipine, a more selective calcium channel blocking agent that lacks effects on outward plateau current. The data suggest that the increase in action potential duration and refractoriness produced by disopyramide is mediated by a stereospecific inhibition of outward repolarizing current by the S(+) enantiomer.


With the opposed system of Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR),it has brought great changes in product take-back models.In the restriction of EPR,the paper puts forward three key models:Manufacturer take-back(MT),Polled take-back(PT) and Third party take-back(TPT).On the base of models designed,the paper analyses the two parameters p~* and ∏~*_M depending on the mathematics models.This has great help to choose appropriate take-back models to producer.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of three-dimensional vessel energy image technology via vagina for cervical carcinoma.Methods Imply the three-dimensional vessel energy image technology via abdomer and vagina to the skeptical patients who had the medical examination in our hospital or clinical skeptical patients of cervical carcinoma,and the patients of confirmed diagnosis by pathological biopsy of cervix from 2004,1 to 2007,6.Results The coincidence rate of cervical carcinoma by color Doppler via vagina is 61.9%,and the 3D vessel energy image technology via vagina is 87.3%.Conclusion The 3D vessel energy image technology via vagina that is an important detecting method of diagnosing cervical carcinoma can show the distribution of new-born vessel clearly and directly,which can increase the coincidence rate of cervical carcinoma.


The article analyses the development of the gambling market in South Korea from 1947 till 2014, the political and economic conditions of neighboring countries of East Asia, particularly, Macao. Current advantages in this area which create favourable conditions for gambling industry are examined. The growth in popularity of gambling in Asia is obvious. Seoul tries to keep up with this tendency, but internal political and cultural peculiarities edit this process. For instance, a policy of access restriction of the citizens of the country to casino is pursued: among all legal institutions in the republic, only one is open to Koreans, others are focused on foreigners. The paper studies the South Korean government's arrangements for the improvement of economic performance of the country by means of the growth of the gambling market and describes the actions for restriction of negative influence on the social aspect of life of population. Taking into consideration a current state of the gaming industry in the world, the author hypothesizes about the successful development of this South Korean market in future.


In this paper a fourth order equation involving critical growth is considered under Navier boundary condition :∆u = Ku, u > 0 in Ω, u = ∆u = 0 on ∂Ω, where K is a positive function, Ω is a bounded smooth domain in R, n ≥ 5 and p + 1 = 2n/(n− 4) is the critical Sobolev exponent. We give some topological conditions on K to ensure the existence of solutions. Our methods involve the study of the critical points at infinity and their contribution to the topology of the level sets of the associated Euler Lagrange fuctional. AMS Subject classification : 35J60, 35J65, 58E05


A robust, electrically conductive, superamphiphobic fabric was prepared by vapour-phase polymerisation of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) on fabric in the presence of fluorinated decyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (FD-POSS) and a fluorinated alkyl silane (FAS). The coated fabric had contact angles of 169° and 156° respectively to water and hexadecane, and a surface resistance in the range of 0.8–1.2 kΩ □−1. The incorporation of FD-POSS and FAS into the PEDOT layer showed a very small influence on the conductivity but improved the washing and abrasion stability considerably. The coated fabric can withstand at least 500 cycles of standard laundry and 10 000 cycles of abrasion without apparently changing the superamphiphobicity, while the conductivity only had a small reduction after the washing and abrasion. More interestingly, the coating had a self-healing ability to auto-repair from chemical damages to restore the liquid repellency.


The hair and beauty industry is a fast-growing industry. This led to the development of various applications, such as virtual hair dyeing or hairstyle translations, to satisfy the customer needs. Although several hairstyle datasets are available for these applications, they often consist of a relatively small number of images with low resolution, thus limiting their performance on high-quality hair editing. In response, we introduce a novel large-scale Korean hairstyle dataset, K-hairstyle, containing 500,000 high-resolution images. In addition, K-hairstyle includes various hair attributes annotated by Korean expert hairstylists as well as hair segmentation masks. We validate the effectiveness of our dataset via several applications, such as hair dyeing, hairstyle translation, and hairstyle classification. K-hairstyle is publicly available at https://psh01087.github.io/K-Hairstyle/.


from his parliamentary record of twenty-five years ago, he urgently desires a reform of administration, with regions constitutionally established, possessed of autonomous administrative and economic powers, effectuating a moderate balance between the province and the whole realm, stimulating an esprit de corps and sense of responsibility on the local scale, guarding against the evil of excessive state centralization, with its congestion at the center and anaemia at the extremities. Here are his very last words, after facing the incredible difficulties of reconstruction: "The more difficult the first steps of a new life, the more necessary will be good will and faith in the future."


Hypothesis / aims of study Recently, numerous polypropylene vaginal mesh kits have been introduced into the market with little known of their differences. As meshes with increased stiffness have been associated with increased rates of complications, we hypothesized that newer products should not be stiffer than the prototypical vaginal mesh kit, ProliftTM which uses Gynemesh PSTM (Gynecare, Somerville, NJ). Differences in the biomechanical behavior of 7 meshes employed in vaginal mesh kits were compared using uniaxial tensile tests.


Language technology brings new tools to the translator's desktop: full-text retrieval systems, terminology systems, translation memories and machine translation. European Commission's Translation Service, SdTVista is used for full-text search of reference documents, the powerful aligner in Euramis creates translation memories which are stored in a central Linguistic Resources Database, sentences not found in the memory are automatically sent to the EC Systran machine translation system, and relevant terminology is retrieved in batch mode from the Eurodicautom termbase. The resulting resources are brought together on the Translator's Workbench 2 . These tools are being used extensively today by about one third of SdT translators. While it would be premature to cite global statistics, there are strong indications that substantial gains in productivity can be achieved. The 1996 machine translation survey, the experience of the Translation Workshop between 1996 and 1998, and the 1998 translation memory tools survey confirm this. The crucial factor is the assimilation of translation technology in the workflow of a large organisation — and this constitutes a real challenge for management.


This study investigated the streaming potential and wall slip effects on pressure-driven liquid flow in hydrophobic microchannels.The Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrical double layer(EDL)and Navier-Stokes equation for incompressible viscous fluid were established.For those microchannels with high wall zeta potential,the traditional Debye-Huckel linear approximation for solving the potential distributions of EDL would produce big error,therefore,analytical expression for potential distributions and Navier slip boundary condition were introduced to solve the N-S equation analytically,then analytical solution of streaming potential could be obtained by using the electrical current balancing condition.The influences of electrokinetic parameter(K),wall zeta potential and slip coefficient on streaming potential and velocity distributions were discussed in detail.The results showed that streaming potential decreased with increasing electrokinetic parameter,while increased significantly with increasing slip coefficient.It also tended to reach a maximum value at a certain zeta potential and then decreased rapidly with increasing zeta potential.Streaming potential and wall slip both affected fluid flow in microchannels,the former retained the development of liquid flow,but the latter accelerated flow velocity.Wall slip effect played a major role at lower zeta potentials,that is,flow velocity increased at lower zeta potentials when the combined effects of streaming potential and hydrodynamic slippage appeared in microchannels.Wall slip velocity gradually reduced to zero at higher zeta potential,then wall slip effect on pressure-driven flow in microchannels could be ignored.


Purpose: This paper develops a new analytical solution to conduct the free vibration analysis of porous functionally graded (FG) sandwich plates based on classical plate theory (CPT). The sandwich plate made of the FGM core consists of one porous metal that had not previously been taken into account in vibration analysis and two homogenous skins. Design/methodology/approach: The analytical formulations were generated based on the classical plate theory (CPT). According to the power law, the material properties of FG plates are expected to vary along the thickness direction of the constituents. Findings: The results show that the porosity parameter and the power gradient parameter significantly influence vibration characteristics. It is found that there is an acceptable error between the analytical and numerical solutions with a maximum discrepancy of 0.576 % at a slenderness ratio (a/h =100), while the maximum error percentage between the analytical and experimental results was found not exceeding 15%. Research limitations/implications: The accuracy of analytical solutions is verified by the adaptive finite elements method (FEM) with commercial ANSYS 2020 R2 software. Practical implications: Free vibration experiments on 3D-printed FGM plates bonded with two thin solid face sheets at the top and bottom surfaces were conducted. Originality/value: The novel sandwich plate consists of one porous polymer core and two homogenous skins which can be widely applied in various fields of aircraft structures, biomedical engineering, and defense technology. This paper presents an analytical and experimental study to investigate the free vibration problem of a functionally graded simply supported rectangular sandwich plate with porosities. The objective of the current work is to examine the effects of some key parameters, such as porous ratio, power-law index, and slenderness ratio, on the natural frequencies and damping characteristics.


An experimental method was described to calibrate the depth of interaction (DOI) of high-energy <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray in large-size thick pixel CdZnTe detector. The experimental results indicated that the ratio of the cathode and anode amplitude strongly showed linear relationship with the DOI of incidence <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-rays and the detector. The correlation coefficients were optimized. Based on the experimental calibration of DOI, the photoelectric effect signals from the depth range where the energy resolution and the photopeak location are high were screened out to draw the energy spectrum. In this way, the energy resolution of the CdZnTe pixel detector was improved to 0.707% for 137Cs@662 keV. Further combined with the anode rise time, the electron mobility of CdZnTe in 2-D (1 mm accuracy) and 3-D (2 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 mm accuracy) scales was calculated. At different pixel positions and depths in CdZnTe detector, the electron mobility varies between 1000 and 1150 cm2/(<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>).


A dissertation presented to The Department of Marketing and Corporate Strategy, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration (Strategic Management and Management Consulting), 2015


Technological extracurricular activity is an effective way of practice teaching to enhance the cultivation of students' practical ability and creative spirit,and open laboratory of college students' autonomous management is the platform to realize the objective.The platform can enhance the quality training,practical ability,teamwork,employability and competitiveness and innovative ability of students.With the increasing number of students who participate in the activity,the technological extracurricular activity can not satisfy students' need because of the restrictions from space,equipment,funding and management.Taking advantage of the National Undergraduate Electronic Design Contest and taken into consideration the technological extracurricular activity of Xi'an University of Science Technology,an extra-curricular activity system was established,with the innovative experimental class and the electronic and the electro-technical major as the main part,based on the electronic and electro-technical experiment teaching center and technology innovation laboratory.In view of the past the practice and research in the past ten years,the specific experience of innovation laboratory construction,management,and fund-raising were described,and at the same time,the problems in further development of open innovation laboratory were proposed.


Although there has been significant recent progress in the development of CdTe and CdZnTe radiation detectors, these materials are still plagued by charge trapping and recombination problems. Recent work has shown that fabrication of arrays with small anodes can overcome these problems to some extent. The purpose of this simulation study was to investigate this small anode effect in relatively large strip detectors of various geometries.


Influence of crystal structure_on magnetism is recently a much studied topic. In the previous studies of epitaxial CO( 1 100)/Cr(211) films and multilayers [ 1-31, we have reported large crystalline-induced magnetic anisotropy effects. Same crystalline structure (hcp( 1700)) of CO films can also be established on Mo(211) plane [4]. In this investigation, we report the strucutral and magnetic studies of [Ni8oFe~dcu/Co] films grown on Mo(211) buffer layers on Al203( 1 1 GO) substrates.


As a critical specification for the dc-link design of a voltage source inverter (VSI), the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the capacitor current should be accurately determined. Various work has been done on the modeling and analysis for the dc-link current, however an accurate model for the dc-link capacitor current still needs to be developed, especially for multilevel inverters. In this work, a detailed model for the dc-link capacitor current of a three-level VSI is proposed, and based on the model, the closed-form expression of dc-link capacitor RMS current is derived from the switching states of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The expression is a function of the modulation index and power factor, and can be used to estimate the maximum dc-link capacitor RMS current. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed model and the derived expression of the dc-link capacitor RMS current.


RESULTS: Dedicated neurosonographic examination identified mild ventriculomegaly (13 mm) with abnormal shape, slightly asymmetric, which were dilated and angulated and also 3 ventricle dilatation. The ventricular walls were mildly irregular, a defused brain anomaly was identified with callosal dysgenesis (short and thin CC lacking the rostrum, part of the genu and the splenium) and brain asymmetry was observed, not in size but regarding to the gyri and sulci distribution on the brain surface. The Sylvian fissures were quite asymmetric and operculization was abnormal in both sides. The calcarine sulci were absent and the parieto-occipital were shallow. In coronal view aberrant frontal sulcation was observed unilaterally. These findings were hard to classify, but met the criteria for disgyria with suspected areas of PMG. Additionally, the basal ganglia were very dysmorphic with enlarged caudates and a big massa intermedia. The brainstem was hypoplastic and kinked and the basilar pons prominence was flattened. The midbrain tegmentum was thin, the tectum was enlarged and the aqueduct obstructed distally. The TCD was normal, but vermis was dysgenetic or possibly absent.


The article describes one approach for dealing with a common problem in software process assessment: some organizations want feedback on their processes, but they cannot devote three arduous weeks to an "official" CMM assessment. In the mini-assessment method presented, individual assessment components are selected to focus the investigation on specific concerns and to scope the effort to a level appropriate to the organization.


Supply Chain Management has caught the imagination of the industry in the last decade or so. Supply Chain Management (SCM) has gained significance as one of the 21st century manufacturing paradigms for improving organizational competitiveness. Supply chain ensures improved efficiency and effectiveness of not only product transfer, but also information sharing between the complex hierarchies of all the tiers. The literature on SCM that deals with strategies and technologies for effectively managing a supply chain is quite vast. In recent years, organizational performance measurement (PM) and metrics have eceived much attention from researchers and practitioners. Indian agriculture equipment industry has been implementing the SCM practices for a long time. The paper takes a look at various PM elements and there inter casual relationship by testing some hypothesis developed for the same. A questionnaire based survey is condcted to develop the hypothesis. INTRODUCTION A key feature of present day business is the idea that it is supply chains that compete, not companies and the success or failure of supply chains is ultimately determined in the marketplace by the end consumer. Getting the right product, at the right price, at the right time to the consumer is not only the linchpin to competitive success but also the key to survival. Hence, customer satisfaction and marketplace understanding are crucial elements for consideration when attempting to establish supply chain strategy. Only when the requirements and constraints of the marketplace are understood can an enterprise attempt to develop a strategy that will meet the needs of both the supply chain and the end customer. In today's markets, technological and 8 Sumeet Gill and BS Pabla competitive forces are changing at an ever increasing rate. To respond to these forces, radical changes in organizations have become necessary. The viability of a firm now depends largely on how well it is capable of responding to customer requirements while becoming lean. According to a definition of supply chain is" Supply chain management (SCM) is management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the provision of product and service packages required by the end customers in a supply chain. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Supply Chain Management (SCM) as a term captures the essence of integrated logistics and goes beyond it. SCM emphasizes the logistics interactions that take place among the functions of marketing, manufacturing and logistics within a firm and also between the different firms within that production flow channels and facilitates the co ordination and collaboration amongst the channel members. SCM has evolved over a period of time, starting off being referred to as physical distribution management, materials management, Industrial logistics etc. It is only in the last decade or so that manufacturing sector organizations are showing success in sharing information with the suppliers, retailers, distribution centers and the final customer. Need for Performance Measurement & Metrics in SCM A number of organizations, both in India and abroad, have realized the potential of SCM but the Industry lacks the insight about the development of effective performance measurement parameters and metrics to achieve maximum integration and benefits by designing and implementing the supply chain. Such measures and metrics are also required to test the viability and initiate a process of continuous improvement in the organization. Further, supply chain being an integrated concept, discrete sites in supply chain does not lead to an improved productivity if each link in the chain is to pursue its goals independently. Performance measurement is one of the most important topics for the industrial engineer as it checks the efficiency and effectiveness of a concept. The supply chain typically consists of two echelons, a system of communication between these echelons and a cost structure that encompasses the two echelons. Another point that has to be kept in mind is the conflict that arises in measuring the performance of a supply chain is the mechanism of different approaches by the industrial engineer and the factory manager. The factory manager might give more importance to the financial measure while the industrial engineer might like to concentrate on the operational measures. This phenomenon does not lead to performance metric that can present a clear picture of the effective supply chain. For a balanced approach, the financial metrics are important for strategic decision and external reporting whereas day to day control of manufacturing and distribution activities is better handled with operational measures. Relationship between Key Performance Indicators 9 The strategic, operational and tactical levels are hierarchies in a function, wherein different and suitable control is exerted. The strategic level measures influence the top level management decisions, very often reflecting investigation of broad based policies, corporate financial plans, competitiveness and level of adherence to organizational goals. The tactical level deals with resource allocation and measuring performance against targets to be met in order to achieve results specified at the strategic level. Measurement of performance at this level provides valuable feedback on mid-level management decisions. Operational level measurements and metrics require accurate data and assess the results of decisions of low level managers. Supervisors and workers are to set operational objectives that, if met, will lead to the achievement of tactical objectives. An area where inequality persists is deciding upon the number of metrics to be used. Quite often companies have a large number of performance measures to which they continue to add based on suggestions from employees and consultants. They fail to realize that performance assessment can be better addressed using a trivial few—they are not really trivial, but instead are those few areas most critical to success. The metrics that are used in performance measurement and improvement should be those that truly capture the essence of organizational performance. A measurement system should facilitate the assignment of metrics to where they would be most appropriate. For effective performance measurement and improvement, measurement goals must represent organizational goals and metrics selected should reflect a balance between financial and non-financial measures that can be related to strategic, tactical and operational levels of decision making and control. India being agriculture based economy; a lot of emphasis has to be put on the automation in the agriculture industry. The automotive farm equipment sector consists of the Tractor and other agriculture implements like wheat threshers, harvest combines etc. A number of organizations in India are working in this area, but the concept of performance measurement has never been applied to them to check the effectiveness and efficiency of such companies. In fact, the concept of supply chain management is comparatively new in this field, although it has been in news for the last decade or so. The concept of SCM has been more confined to areas of fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), process industry and other related areas. There is an urgent need to check the correct implementation of Supply Chain Management in the automotive farm equipment sector, verifying the efficiency and effectiveness of SCM techniques as applied to the sector. Having a unique face, the farm equipment sector has its own set of parameters and problems in SCM implementation. Literature Review and Development of Hypothesis Manufacturing Lead Time refers to the time taken by the organization to convert the raw material into finished product. Keeping the manufacturing lead time to a minimum is one of the main focus of the top management's strategy 10 Sumeet Gill and BS Pabla in the organization. However, along with that the focus of management is also to use its resources to the most optimal level. Researchers like (Xiande Zhao & T.S. Lee,1993) have shown the impact of demand conditions and uncertainty on Master Production Schedule can result in higher cost and lower customer service levels. (Chen-Hua Chung, Lee J. Krajewski, 1984) show how a short term stable MPS acts as a tool for saving costs in the organization. Manufacturing Lead Time has been discussed as a important tool for improving cost benefit by (Z.Kevin Weng,1996); (George Ioannou,Stavrianna Dimitriou,2012) further take the discussion to a new level by integrating MPS with an MRP system. Other published work like (Z.Kevin Weng,1996) is limited to studying manufacturing lead time problems and its co relation with asset utilization in Made To Order companies. Other work like (Greg Filbeck, Raymond F. Gormanb, 2000) discuss asset utilization in refernence to large capital intensive industries. These observations help in formation of Hypothesis 1 H1: Manufacturing Lead time of an organization improves significantly by i) Stabilized Master Schedule; ii) Forecasting Accuracy & iii) Asset Utilization (Tiaojun Xiao, Danqin Yang2009) dwell upon the subject of risk sharing in Supply Chain in a one retailer scenario. Lack of information sharing can lead to serious problems like bullwhip effect that results in a lose-lose situation for all partners of a supply chain. (Haluk Demirkan, Hsing Kenneth Cheng 2008) examine the supply chain's performance under different coordination strategies involving risk and information sharing. Other researchers like (Jao-Hong Cheng,2011) have worked on the aspects of SCM performance and Information sharing along with risk sharing. Other contributors who have done significant research in this area include (Haluk Demirkana, Hsing Kenneth Cheng, 20


Abstract The safety data of the 76 liquid crystal components with CN-group, which were officially excluded from the list of 'deleterious substances' are discussed. The acute toxicity of the 496 liquid crystal components without CN-group being used in the market and classified according the terminal groups and the linkages are shown. The statement on the safety of the liquid crystal materials by the three liquid crystal material suppliers is made.


Research on waiting in services focuses mainly on the role of companies in waiting situations. Much of the existing research envisages the consumer as a passive victim of the delays caused by companies. This article redresses the imbalance in research on waiting by exploring the role of consumers in waiting situations. A qualitative methodology is used, involving data collection through in-depth interviews and personal diaries, to facilitate an in-depth analysis of consumers' waiting experiences. Additionally, a holistic approach is employed with a view to examining the 'whole' waiting experience rather than individual or isolated aspects of waiting. The main finding of the study is that consumers play an active and deliberate role in waiting situations. This is the first study to empirically identify the behaviours and initiatives undertaken by consumers when forced to wait for services. The results suggest that consumers play an active role in organising and reducing the real or perceived waiting time. They actively seek information on the length and causes of the wait. And, on occasions, the consumer may also be the cause of the wait or may even increase the delay by their actions. In contrast to most of the existing research on the topic of waiting, this study adopt a qualitative, in-depth approach, with a multicultural sample, and a focus on the consumer whose role in waiting has previously been overlooked.


A method of 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid production, which comprises reacting 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile and / or 2-hydroxy-4-methyl thio-butyramide the presence of sulfuric acid hydrolysis to obtain a reaction fluid containing 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid, the reaction fluid with an alkali metal compound to form a 4-methylthiobutyric acid comprising the 2-hydroxy mixed with aqueous fluid reservoir layers, and finally recovered from the mixed fluid reservoir. The method provides efficient preparation of hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid without using organic solvents, has excellent operability.


The present work aims at reviewing the geographic proximity concept and its influence on the innovation dynamics from atheoretical viewpoint.


Objective:To observe the volt-ampere characteristics of acupoint Neiguan(PC 6) in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods:A self-made high-sensitive apparatus for detecting volt-ampere characteristics of acupoint was applied to detect volt-ampere curves of acupoint Neiguan(PC 6) and a control point in 33 hyperthyroidism patients and 30 healthy people.Results:In hyperthyroidism patients, the volt-ampere areas of ampere-increasing scan and ampere-decreasing scan and the inertia areas in right and left Neiguan(PC 6) were significantly smaller than those in the control points(P 0.05, P 0.01);in healthy people, the volt-ampere areas of ampere-increasing scan and ampere-decreasing scan in the right and left Neiguan(PC 6) and the inertia areas in right Neiguan(PC 6) were significantly smaller than those in the control points(P 0.05, P 0.01);in hyperthyroidism patients, the inertia area in the right Neiguan(PC 6) was larger than the left one(P 0.05);however, the volt-ampere characteristic of acupoint Neiguan(PC 6) in hyperthyroidism patients was similar to the healthy people(P 0.05).Conclusion:There is an imbalance in the volt-ampere characteristic between the right and left acupoints Neiguan(PC 6) in hyperthyroidism patients.


The presence of water in wax deposition from water-in-oil emulsion for petroleum transportation in pipelines has received much attention in recent years. This study investigated the formation of wa...


Purpose: This study was intended to adapt into Spanish and validate the short form of the Marwit–Meuser Caregiver Grief Inventory (MMCGI), an instrument for the assessment of levels of grief in caregivers of patients with dementia. Method: The adaptation was based on the cross-cultural equivalence model that included forward and backward translations, use of a bilingual committee, and a comprehension test. The validation study was carried out with 100 Puerto Rican caregivers. Results: Semantic and content equivalence were attained as judged by the bilingual committee. Conceptual equivalence was only partially supported as factor analysis failed to replicate the three-factor structure proposed for the original English version. A one-factor structure was the best suitable for the Spanish version. On the other hand, correlations of the total scores of this version of the instrument with measures of constructs expected to be related to grief supported conceptual equivalence. Discussion: The Spanish version of the MMCGI was found equivalent to the English counterpart except for its dimensionality.


Removal of a prosthesis stem in hip revision arthroplasties can cause intraoperative femoral defects or fractures that need to be bridged by long revision stems. Twenty four revision total hip arthroplasties were performed, 12 of 24 hips using a modular stem with distal locking screws, whereas the remaining 12 hips using the same modular stem without distal locking screws. After follow-up of 1 year the mean postoperative Harris hip score among the patients were 76.9 points. Complications included intraoperative diaphyseal fractures in 6 cases, infection in 1 case , and dislocations in 3 cases. One year postoperative Harris hip scores, and femoral component stability did not differ between the 2 groups whether treated with or without screws. Application of distal screws increased operative time and led to fracture of femur in 2 patient. Stem subsidence (3 mm) occurred in one case in the group treated without distal locking screw. Interlocking screws can be indicated only if no secure circular surface fixation nor three surface fixations can be achieved during modular stem application.


The study entitled status and prospects of medicinal and aromatic plants in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab was under taken with the objectives to identify the problems faced by the medicinal and aromatic plants growers in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab. Four blocks of Hoshiarpur district namely Bhunga, Dasuya, Hajipur and Talwara were selected, 20 farmers were selected from the each block thus the total sample comprised of 80 farmers  for the present study were selected. The data were collected by personal interview approach method, tabulated and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that 87.50 per cent farmers were growing wheat as their main crop, 17.50 per cent farmers facing problems related to Unfavourable government policies and 75 per cent farmers suggested that rates should be more.


Electrical plug connection (1), consisting of contact inserts and two housing parts, in particular a connector housing (2) and a base housing (3), wherein the two housings (2, 3) for interconnection with at least one locking bracket (4), wherein the locking bracket ( 4) is integrally and (in each one of its side portions 27) includes an integrated spring element (5) and (having at least two pivot pins 6) and at least two locking cams (13) and latching means (12) for Hinterrastung on the locking cam (13) is equipped characterized in that the spring element (5) by a U-shaped around the bore (11) disposed about said slot (10) is cut free and that the spring element (5) on its not by the U-shaped slot (10) bounded by side is at least an opening (8) or at least one slot (9) and in that the spring element (5) in the locked state of the plug connection (1) in the plane of the Since enteils (27) about the pivot point (7) of the pivot pin (6) around acting force on the pivot pin (6) and the locking cam ...


The catalytic activity of amyloglucosidase covalently attached to DEAE‐cellulose was studied in a packed bed reactor and a continuous feed stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the reaction maltose → glucose. At low flow rates mass‐transfer limitations in the bed reactor lead to lower conversions for this reactor compared to the CSTR. Simple theoretical expressions for these reactors were compared with the experimental results. There are significant differences between the kinetic parameters and pH profile of the immobilized and free enzyme. The immobilized enzyme also showed greater stability at 50°C than did free amyloglucosidase. The temperature dependence of the reaction rate was the same for immobilized and free enzyme.


The effects of resource rents on the political equilibrium have been studied in two main types of models. The first tradition uses models of conflict, and studies how resource rents affect the intensity and duration of civil conflict. The second tradition uses political economy models, where resource rents affect the political equilibrium due to changes in the costs and benefits of buying votes. Although they provide considerable insight, these traditions have little to say about when democracy emerges, and about when conflict emerges. In this paper, by integrating the earlier model traditions, we suggest the simplest possible framework we can think of to study the choice between conflict and democracy. We show how factors such as resource rents, the extent of electoral competition, and productivity affect economic and political equilibria.


Process maps provide a holistic view of all processes of an organization by visualizing their essential relationships. The design of a process map is of central importance as many organizations create them at the start of a business process management (BPM) initiative to serve as a framework. Despite this importance, the design of process maps is still more art than science, essentially because there is no standardized modeling language available for process map design. In this paper, we address the research question of which concepts are currently used in process maps and how they are related to each other. To this end, we investigate 67 process maps. Our contribution is a meta-model for process map design which is grounded in actual usage. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of different concepts for process map design.


This paper presents findings of a study of the prequalification of suppliers for a major service industry organisation in a developing country. The aim of the exercise was to centralise the purchasing activities of the organisation and consequently leverage its purchasing power. The analysis focuses on one item and it indicates a significant difference in capabilities between the high performing and low performing suppliers. The significance of the study is the ability of organisations to impact the corporate behaviour of other organisations in their supply chain.


A new estimator for A/F ratio in SI engines is described. A considerable fraction of the HC emissions from internal combustion engines are generated just after the engine is started. HEGO oxygen sensor cannot measure the A/F ratio of exhaust gas during cold start condition. The A/F ratio estimator described in this study is based on the measurement of the exhaust gas temperature, air flowrate, and coolant temperature, etc. A/F ratio can be estimated indirectly in that the exhaust gas temperature relies on A/F ratio of Exhaust gas. The HC emissions are also measured during the cold start condition. The Generalized Regression Neural Network Function Approximation(GRNN) is used to estimate the A/F ratio of exhaust gas.


them that any future biographer must glean what he can about the saint's spiritual development. It is evident from the references to Fr. Brodrick in this volume, and as the reviewer can testify from a friendship with Fr. Schurhammer extending for nearly forty years, that the latter was far from pleased with the former's distillation of his work. But now that both these eminent historians have gone to their eternal rest, the reviewer can state that for the reader who wants a straightforward account uncluttered by detail, Fr. Brodrick's book will suffice. But the reader who wishes to soak himself in the period and to know as much about most of the saint's contemporaries as Xavier himself knew, must go to Fr. Schurhammer's truly monumental Life and Times. THE BRITISH ACADEMY C. R. BOXER


The resonance line of Hg II at 1942 Å in Sirius and Vega is analyzed quantitatively based on high-resolution UV spectroscopic data. The spectrum synthesis technique is employed. The abundance of Hg in Sirius (log ∊(Hg) = 2.5±0.5) is found to coincide with that found in the two normal late B-type stars ν Cap and π Cet. On the other hand, the obtained upper limit for Vega (log ∊(Hg) ≤ 0.5) is lower than the solar-system abundance log ∊(Hg) = 1.2.


The scattering of the Bessel beam by a circular aperture in an opaque screen is investigated by the geometrical theory of diffraction approach. The geometrical optics and diffracted and scattered fields are obtained. The effect of the aperture to the scattering process is analyzed. The uniform versions of field expressions are derived. The geometrical optics and diffracted and scattered fields are examined numerically.


Objective: Schizophrenia is an invalidating disorder with a clear hereditary component. To date, multiple genetic syndromes and chromosomal aberrations are shown to be associated with schizophrenia-like psychoses. With modern techniques, such as microarray (i.e. array-basedCGH), chromosomes can be investigated at increasingly high resolutions for the presence of microdeletions and/or microduplications. These so-called copy number variations (CNVs) are estimated to be present in up to 3 % of patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed at determining the value of routine screening for CNVs in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
Methods: Eighty patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders according to ICD-10 were investigated for the presence of CNVs (250 k SNP array, Affymetrix 5.0). Diagnoses were established using the CASH. Psychopathological profiles and symptom severity were measured by means of PANSS and CGI. Of each patient, 3 pictures were taken and evaluated by a clinical geneticist. In case of a proven CNV, the patient was referred to the geneticist for further examination.
Literature was searched on the occurrence of CNVs in schizophrenia patients in general and on the specific CNVs detected in the patients in this study.
Results: In three out of 80 patients a CNV was demonstrated. In one patient a 'loss' on chromosome 1q21.1 was found, and in two patients 'gains' in respectively 1p13.3 and 7q11.2 were detected. No literature was found on associations between either of these CNVs and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. For several reasons, in none of the patients the parents could be investigated. Clinical implications of the detected aberrations therefore remained unclear.
Conclusion: Presently, routine screening for CNVs in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders does provide additional diagnostic signifiance. Supplementary molecular genetic evaluation should be reserved for patients in which, besides psychiatric symptomatology, other signs and symptoms are present, especially intellectual disability, dysmorphisms and/or congenital abnormalities.


Providing safe management to enable women with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes (IPAS) to have babies is very important, but no management policy has yet been established. To obtain clinical information about pregnancy in women with IPAS and provide an input on the development of a management policy, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of six pregnancies in three patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (one suspected case) and one pregnancy in one patient with long QT syndrome in our hospital from 2008 to 2016. We held multidisciplinary meetings with obstetricians, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and neonatologists to develop a detailed plan. With the exception of one patient, we selected a planned cesarean section between 37 and 38 weeks of gestation; there were no cardiac events. In the pursuit of a secure management strategy, the accumulating of additional clinical information and cases of pregnancy in women with IPAS is needed.


The utility model relates to a round coal yard retaining wall with concrete wall columns and a steel plate wall. The round coal yard retaining wall at least consists of wall supporting columns and a side wall, wherein the wall supporting columns are made of reinforced concrete; the side wall is fixed on the wall supporting columns and is formed by steel plates and steel beams; the wall supporting columns are distributed in a ring shape; the steel beams are circumferentially fixed on all the wall supporting columns, and the circumferential steel beams are connected with the steel plates that are distributed circumferentially; the cross section of each wall supporting column is made into the variable trapezoidal cross section with the upper part being small and the lower part being big; the circumferential steel plates are connected with the circumferential steel beams in an intermittent welding way; and embedded parts are embedded on the wall supporting columns, and the circumferential steel beams are fixedly connected with the wall supporting columns by the embedded parts. The round coal yard retaining wall has the characteristics that the structure is simple, the use and the installation are convenient, the material can be saved, the using cost is reduced, the service life is prolonged, etc.


Purpose – To demonstrate that stakeholder analysis has a significant contribution to make as a "middle ground" research method and as a means of organisational change.Design/methodology/approach – A case study of performance appraisal in UK academic institutions uses stakeholder analysis to address issues of organisation performance and development in a way that bridges the divide between theory and practice. This approach is supported by locating stakeholder theory within modes of organisation enquiry, and by positioning it more specifically within its conceptual domain.Findings – Demonstrates the integrity and value of stakeholder analysis as a "middle ground" research method via development of a stakeholder systems model that identifies design, operation and evaluation stages of the performance management process and links these to measures of effectiveness and equity.Research limitations/implications – "Joined up thinking" in organisation analysis implies incorporation of quantitative and qualitative ...


By the use of phase perturbation theory we show that if a single realization of a one-dimensional randomly rough interface between two dielectric media is illuminated at normal incidence from either medium by a broadband Gaussian beam, it produces a scattered field whose differential reflection coefficient closely matches the result produced by averaging the differential reflection coefficient produced by a monochromatic incident beam over the ensemble of realizations of the interface profile function.


After the 2008 introduction of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in Romania, the number of newly diagnosed HIV infections showed significant increase among injecting drug users (IDUs). Our objective was to analyze the differences between co‐infections related to the HIV infection, based on the way of transmission (IDUs versus sexually infected).


In recent years, Tamilnadu has witnessed the rapid growth of self-financing engineering institutions and offers variety of courses across different engineering disciplines. Moreover, these institutions have to compete for recruiting students for different branches of study for a given academic year. This in turn also poses a great difficulty for the institutions management to understand different selection factors that influence student's intention to study at a particular institution. The main purpose of this research paper is to identify key selection factors influencing under-graduate students. intention to study at a self-financing engineering institution before and after joining. A total sample of 443 current under-graduate students of self-financing engineering institutions in Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, is surveyed in this study. And also, 6 selection factors such as quality, social responsibility, curriculum, infrastructure, industry partnership and location are considered for evaluation. Furthermore, findings has revealed that only 3 factors are considered as the most important factors influencing students intention to study at a self-financing engineering institution. In sum, this study also identified key selection factors influenced by gender and place of schooling of students as well. The overall findings of this paper will help self-financing engineering institutions in Tirunelveli district to improve their focus on those 3 factors for attracting more quality students as well as building its own brand image consistently in future..


ACCEPTED usage among economists confines the application of the term "consumer" to those individuals who, collectively, make up the total population engaged in the purchase and use of "end consumption goods." And by the term end consumption goods we mean all goods bought to satisfy personal and family needs and wants, whether necessities or luxuries. On the other hand, goods bought to be used again for purposes of pecuniary gain are not classified as end consumption or consumer's goods. Thus all goods bought by manufacturing establishments for the purpose of furthering the process of producing goods to be sold on the market are not consumption goods, and the manufacturers are not consumers. In a technical sense goods in the hands of the retailer are consumption goods only when they reach the consumer. To the retailer they represent tied-up capital, and through sale are expected to return a profit.


The market of the agricultural machineries has been recently modified due to globalisation, with an increasing of the competiveness and machinery reliability, and a reduction of cost production and development time. To perform this and, in particular to increase the reliability of the tractor, a tractor design correspondent to the real use on the machines is necessary. For these reasons the analysis of the tractor mission profile is one of the main objectives of tractor manufacturers. The mission profile of the tractor has usually been estimated through the use of questionnaires submitted to consumers followed by the monitoring of some detailed parameters using transducers specifically fitted on the tractor. This procedure is time-consuming and not totally reliable due to the trustworthiness in the questionnaire compilation. In all the high power tractors numerous transducers are fitted to monitor some parameters to optimise the operation of the machine. All of these transducers are connected to an electronic central unit or with the tractor CAN-Bus. In this context, a system able to monitor the operation and use parameters of the machine capitalising the existing transducers could represent the optimal solution for monitoring a high number of tractors, distributed in different regions. The high number of signals are in any case difficult to be memorised without a high quantity of memory. The goal of the paper is to define a methodology to memorise the operation parameters useful to define the mission profile of a tractor using a small memory. A tractor of a nominal power of 170 kW was selected and a system able to measure the signals acquired by the transducers fitted on the tractor was connected to the CAN Bus of the tractor. To reduce the memory requested to store the signals, all the signals were converted on matrices, with a similarly procedure used in the analysis of the strain gauge signals. In this way it is possible to count the number of occurrences for each event as the number of hours of tractor use, the number of hours for each gear use, etc. After a detailed analysis of the parameters measured on the tractor, the useful parameters were defined and acquired during 1000 hours of tractor use in different working conditions. The method defined in the paper has allowed to store the defined time of about 1000 hours into 100 kB, instead of 24 GB required to memorise all the parameters acquired by the transducers. The analysis of the parameters stored in the memory has allowed a detailed analysis of the operational parameters of the tractor in different applications.


OLESCENCE (Middle English ad, to, + olescere, the incepA d.tive form of olere [?], grow) means literally the state of growing. Specifically the term is applied to that period of life which falls between puberty and the full development of the body; a period generally assumed to extend in man from about I3 to 2.3 years of age. Naturally a period of such importance has attracted many students, as the very considerable literature devoted to the study of adolescence attests. In recent years the most significant contribution to our understanding of the biology of adolescence has come from the field of endocrinology. A number of the endocrine glands have been shown to represent the fundamental agents in the determination and regulation of the processes of development, particularly during the period of adolescence. And in this connexion the findings of endocrinologists make necessary the revision of our conceptions of the phases of the developmental period of adolescence. Puberty, menarche, maturity, and adolescence are terms which today are all too loosely used, yet the phenomena which they embrace are capable of precise and fairly exact definition. Such definitions will be attempted in the course of this paper. As is well known, the arrival of puberty is generally regarded as a condition which, in the female, is marked by the appearance of the first menstruation, or the menarche; this event is practically universally taken to be coincident with the establishment of the capacity to reproduce. The root of the word puberty, pu, actually means to beget. Thus, puberty, menarche, and the development of the capacity to reproduce are regarded as synchronous 'events' which may be referred to by terms of synonymous and assumed equal value. Certainly every dictionary makes the identity of this triad complete, and almost all contemporary writers, with very few exceptions, do so. Puberty is regarded as a moment in time determined by the arrival of the menarche, an event which is in turn taken to signalize the development of the capacity to reproduce. Modern research on the reproductive physiology and growth of mammals such as the mouse, rat, macaque, chimpanzee, and man, very strongly suggests that puberty, menarche, and the development or attainment of the capacity to reproduce are phenomena by no means so closely associated with one another as has hitherto been supposed, but rather that they are distinctly separable phenomena both in time and in character. It now


Purpose/Aims This study explored the feasibility of educating nurses on an emotionally sensitive topic using video. The aim was to educate nurses on how to assist individuals who have had an amputation of a limb in viewing themselves in the mirror. Design One-group repeated-measures design with 2 time points (pretest and posttest at 1 month). Methods Nurses viewed a video in which 8 amputee actors described how and why nurses should support individuals' viewing of self in the mirror following amputation. Results This video-based education was feasible, and recommendations were made for future research. Participants were engaged and shared insight into how this knowledge would change their nursing practice. Conclusions A larger educational research study to test the effect of this education on improving nursing confidence and offering the mirror is recommended.


Under the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, a special emphasis has been put on an integrated ecosystem approach. Some of the "Malawi principles" state that management objectives are a matter of societal choice, and that management should be decentralized to the lowest appropriate level. A key feature of the ecosystem approach includes conservation of ecosystem structure and function on a long term basis, while seeking an appropriate balance between conservation and use of biodiversity. The role of moose in the ecosystem and how the Malawi principles can be adopted in moose management were a focus of the 5th International Moose Symposium. All invited speakers and session chairs were asked to provide a brief summary of how they considered the Malawi principles to relate to the topic of their respective papers or sessions at the Symposium. Those summaries are given in this paper.


-----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------------An efficient two stage morphological impulse noise detector is proposed in this paper. The proposed method first identifies the noise pixels by comparing the current pixel with the brightest and the darkest pixels in its working window and then in second stage morphological operations based detector is used to improve the performance of impulse noise detector. Simulation results performed on different images shows better results in terms of the qualitative and quantitative measures of the images.


When shopping for a medical malpractice liability insurance policy, most physicians focus on premium costs. But physicians shopping for a malpractice policy should also focus on getting the right coverage limits.


This book analyses the principles underlying the construction and application of a number of boilerplate and other clauses commonly included in commercial contracts. The first Part of the work deals with general principles of interpretation. It then considers clauses which allocate commercial risk; clauses relating to performance; clauses introducing new parties by way of assignment, novation or nomination; clauses such as guarantees and indemnities which create liabilities in third parties; and dispute resolution clauses including governing law. The authors highlight common issues surrounding the application of these clauses in practice and, where appropriate, make drafting recommendations based on their analysis of case law and the operation of relevant statutes. This is a very accessible resource for all commercial practitioners.


We study an inverse scattering problem for Maxwell's equations in terminating waveguides, where localized reflectors are to be imaged using a remote array of sensors. The array probes the waveguide with waves and measures the scattered returns. The mathematical formulation of the inverse scattering problem is based on the electromagnetic Lippmann-Schwinger integral equation and an explicit calculation of the Green tensor. The image formation is carried with reverse time migration and with $\ell_1$ optimization.


In this paper, ordered mesoporous silica film as a novel antireflective coating was directly synthesized via evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) process with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as template surfactant. The mesoporous silica film exhibits ordered 2D hexagonal microstructure as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD). The average transmittance of the coated glass is about 98%, which indicates an increasing transmitted light of 7.5% in the wavelength between 400nm and 800nm. The mechanical performance and hydrophobicity tests prove that the films have excellent scratch resistance and long-time stability. The results of the characterizations and tests show that the film prepared by this convenient method would be very useful and promising for lots of commercial applications.


This study aims to investigate the extent to which primary school teachers in Simunjan District are prepared in rolling out VLE (Virtual Learning Environment) as part of e-learning to extend the efforts of institutionalize ICT in education. The specific objectives of this study were to: To assess the extent which teachers are prepared to use electronic technology in teaching, determine their skills and training received in using electronic technology in learning and To assess constraints and hindrances to use of E-learning in primary schools. This study adopted a quantitative research design. The target respondents are in the population of primary school teachers in 50 primary schools in the Simunjan District. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed. Purposive sampling was used to select samples. This gives a sample of 99 respondents. The questionnaire used in this study to collect data. The data is then compiled and coded for analysis. Percentages, frequency distributions and means were used to analyze the data collected with the help of Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Data were presented using tables, histograms and pie charts. The findings show that most of the primary schools in Simunjan have Internet access but the service is not satisfactory, teachers lack of skills to use technology in learning is an indicator that they are not yet ready to launch E-learning in primary schools. Overall, the findings suggest that primary schools in the district studied Simunjan are not ready for e-learning. It is recommended that funding for ICT equipment in primary schools in the rural areas should be emphasized again and teachers should be trained to E-learning.


Abstract The data on cloud particle sizes and concentrations collected with the help of aircraft imaging probes [optical array probes OAP-2DC, OAP-2DP, and the High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS)] are widely used for cloud parameterization and validation of remote sensing. The goal of the present work is to study the effect of shattering of ice particles during sampling. The shattering of ice particles may occur due to 1) mechanical impact with the probe arms prior to their entering the sample volume, and 2) fragmentation due to interaction with turbulence and wind shear generated by the probe housing. The effect of shattering is characterized by the shattering efficiency that is equal to the ratio of counts of disintegrated particles, to all counts. The shattering efficiency depends on the habit, size, and density of ice particles, probe inlet design, and airspeed. For the case of aggregates, the shattering efficiency may reach 10% or even more. The shattering of ice particles results in an ove...


In order to deal with the problem that the noise of leakage signals from natural gas pipelines has a great influence on the feature extraction of pipeline leakage, this paper proposes a signal denoising method of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Euclidean distance (ED) based on optimizing parameters of classification particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm. First, CPSO algorithm is used to optimize parameters K and α of VMD, adaptively. The sum of the ratio of the mean and variance of the cross-correlation coefficient and the ratio of the mean and variance of kurtosis is used as the fitness function of CPSO. Then, the optimized VMD is used to decompose the signal to obtain several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Finally, ED is used to select the effective modes, and the signal is reconstructed to achieve signal noise reduction. The corresponding evaluation indicators show that the accuracy and robustness of the improved method are better than other noise reduction methods. The denoising effect is significant, which proves that the algorithm proposed in this paper is effective in signal filtering.


The topological order of a quantum Hall state is mirrored by the gapless edge modes owing to bulk-edge correspondence. The state at the filling of ν = 5/2, predicted to host non-abelian anyons, supports a variety of edge modes (integer, fractional, neutral). To ensure thermal equilibration between the edge modes and thus accurately determine the state's nature, it is advantageous to isolate the fractional channel (1/2 and neutral modes). In this study, we gapped out the integer modes by interfacing the ν = 5/2 state with integer states ν = 2 and ν = 3 and measured the thermal conductance of the isolated-interface channel. Our measured half-quantized thermal conductance confirms the non-abelian nature of the ν = 5/2 state and its particle-hole Pfaffian topological order. Such an isolated channel may be more amenable to braiding experiments. Description Probing an exotic state The nature of some fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states can be determined by measuring the thermal conductance of the state's edge. Such measurements have suggested that the well-known FQH state at 5/2 filling, which is thought to harbor non-Abelian quasiparticles, features the so-called particle-hole Pfaffian topological order. However, the possibility that the edge modes were not thermally equilibrated left room for alternative interpretations. To avoid this ambiguity, Dutta et al. created an isolated edge consisting only of a 1/2 charge mode and a neutral edge mode by interfacing the fractional 5/2 state with integer quantum Hall states. The measurement of the thermal conductance of this isolated state reaffirmed the particle-hole Pfaffian character of the 5/2 state. —JS Thermal conductance of an isolated fractional quantum Hall edge state at 5/2 filling reveals its topological order.


A machine vision system was developed to separate stained pistachio nuts, which comprise of about 5% of the California crop, from unstained nuts. The system may be used to reduce labor involved with manual grading or to remove aflatoxin contaminated product from low grade process streams. The system was tested on two different pistachio process streams: the bi- chromatic color sorter reject stream and the small nut shelling stock stream. The system had a minimum overall error rate of 14% for the bi-chromatic sorter reject stream and 15% for the small shelling stock stream.


In the small ruminant sector, there is a great interest in measuring and improving their production systems and their environmental performance, since its great adaptability and inhabits a wide variety of ecosystems, with a great biodiversity of food resources, grazing in turn, generates economic-productive and environmental benefits. However, unplanned management and overexploitation of the natural resources of these areas have caused erosion, water depletion and even desertification, in the same manner intensive production systems and intensive agriculture that feeds these farming systems. To compare scientific innovations in the sustainability of the different production systems of small ruminants a bibliometric analysis was carried out to describe the advantages and disadvantages of the management of extensive, semi-intensive and intensive-stable production systems in the sustainability of small ruminants. There is concern in society about the environmental impact of animal production systems and that these have been carried out in a sustainable way. This trend influences the production of sheep, goats, and white-tailed deer, which are develop in intensive, semi-extensive and extensive systems. Due to the pressure to increase the volume and efficiency of production and to cope with demand, intensive systems are best suited, but face greater environmental such emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), which contribute to global warming and animal environmental problems. On the other hand, semi-extensive and extensive systems also emit GHGs, however are associated with greater animal welfare and cleaner production. However, are affected by seasonal variations for forage production to maintain production levels.


Our purpose is to present a methodology concerning the design of product families. From the allocation of the overall function into sub-function, we linked the functional model with the structural model of the product. Our methodology is illustrated by an academic example.


Abstract Following some democratization of intelligence in the 1990s, the prosecution of the 'war on terror' since 9/11 has apparently reinforced the incompatibility of secret intelligence and respect for human rights. The primary reason for this is the changed perception of security risks in the context of a 'new' terrorism. The roles of law, rights and ethics in intelligence are discussed with reference to some of the more controversial intelligence activities: informers, interrogation, intelligence sharing, rendition and covert action. Re-invigorated oversight is necessary to protect human rights without hindering agencies' ability to maintain pubic safety.


er på ingen måde perfekt. Kunsten er undgå at rette smed for bager – hvilket nok er, hvad der sker i dag. Abstract The current fashion in health policy is value based health care in the sense that Michael Porter has introduced, starting with his 2006-book on Redefining Health Care – Creating Value-based competition on results. The question is: Is it a genuine innovation, or is it a quasi-innovation that is easily misunderstood or misapplied and will fade away in a very few years to be substituted by a new fad? Surprisingly, value based health care has not yet been subject to critical scrutiny. This working paper has three aims: A rather critical appraisal along with a very rare undertaking in health policy analysis: The tracing of how an idea/concept has been spread and promoted (who, where, how) internationally and in Denmark. The third aim is to look at relevance for Danish health care by asking: Is it an alternative to the current activity based reimbursement regime: DRG-based reimbursement, and will the outcome-focused approach put the patient first and in the center (patient-focused health care)? The brief answers to the two questions are: No and yes respectively. Value based health care has three main components: 1. Focus on outcome (health status changes), 2. Value based reimbursement, and 3. The organization of health care along diagnostic/disease lines (Integrated Practice Units). To this can be added, for instance, the need for an IT infrastructure. Only 1 and 2 are addressed here. The payment, which for instance is the case in Denmark – where DRG is hence (possibly along the DAGS for ambulatory hospital treatment) essentially bundled services in a hospital context – hence to a considerable degree diminishing the novelty of bundling. Examples like these abound – requiring the reader to have a good understanding of both the US and the national context. Value based reimbursement has three components (at least judging from the Swedish examples within eight diagnoses – with spine surgery, hip and knee replacement as the most frequently promoted, also by Porter): Bundled payment; a warranty component and a P4P-component, with the last two components making up less than 10% of the total reimbursement – and lacking arguments for how to calculate these two components. The costing of the bundled payment apparently ought to be done using time based ABC a la modum Kaplan. Claims about savings using bundled payment are not substantiated in a causal sense. Six Danish pilot studies of value based health care are discussed briefly noting that the relationship to the concept is very weak. A recent working paper from Danish Regions looks in some detail at value based reimbursement – with P4P being the link to 'value based'. The outcome dimension is addressed in a Danish context by reference to an ongoing promising project about PRO and PROM data. However, many loose ends remain – in particular with regard to the applicability at the population level. In addition, there is a need for coupling this patient centered outcome approach to the existing clinical quality databases and the recently introduced eight national objectives for the Danish health system.


Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is very rare disease. It can be mistaken for other medical conditions upon presentation. Sometimes in the early phase, the only clue is eosinophillia. If treatment is not prompt, vascular complications can occur, resulting in widespread multi-organ involvement. To date, CSS has not been reported to cause a rise in cardiac enzymes in the absence of acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, pericarditis and cardiomyopathy. We illustrate a case of newly diagnosed CSS in a middle-aged Indian man in Singapore, with no significant history of asthma or chronic rhinosinusitis, who presents with elevated troponin, subsequently complicated by systemic involvement including ocular stroke and ischemic bowel leading to laparotomy and stoma creation.


The study of antipsychotic effect of the aqueous stem bark extract ofAmblygonocarpus andongensis was carried out on amphetamine induced psychosis in 42 Wistar albino rats weighing between 105 and 305.2 g using feeding and locomotor activities as indices of psychosis. All the experimental rats were given psychotic symptoms through amphetamine use, they were treated with nothing (control), low, moderate and high doses of bark and chlorpromazine (active comparator) and then the psychotic symptoms were monitored to see which group exhibited the best response. The highest dose extract (1350 mg/kg) was comparable to chlorpromazine in lowering psychotic behavior characterized by annorexia and agitation. Hence both A. andongensisand chlorpromazine can be used to treat psychosis induced by amphetamine. The antipsychotic effect of andongensis may be in dose graded fashion.

 Key words: Amblygonocarpus andongensis, antipsychotic effect, Wistar rat, agitation, anorexia.


A composite beam based piezoelectric energy harvester (EH) is designed and characterized which can be used to harvest energy with low frequency vibrations. This kind of EH is demonstrated to be 3.12 times and 1.32 times (at 0.1g) more efficient at output power generation than a standalone piezoelectric bimorph and piezoelectric bimorph with a proof mass at the free end, respectively. The resonant frequency of the EH is reduced from 275 Hz (for standalone bimorph) to 36 Hz by using the soft spring. With the aid of spring hardening effect using a stopper, the operating bandwidth is increased from 5.25 Hz to 16.4 Hz.


This poster focuses on how consumers learn to use marketing automation software, what types of documentation they prefer, and why. Interviews with U.S. and U.K. marketers demonstrate that implementing marketing automation software requires users to re-learn their jobs, and requires companies to reconfigure organizational structures and workflows. Accordingly, users are interested in knowing how counterparts apply the software, despite raising concerns about privacy. Based on these findings, the poster illustrates the advantages that software companies - especially those operating on a Waterfall development model - can gain by allowing users to participate in creating and refining documentation. In addition to reducing the learning curve for users, participatory documentation enables companies to gather feedback that is critical to making documentation and software more usable.


With regard to the over-segmentation of traditional watershed algorithm and the problems of sensitivity to noise,a new algo-rithm that can effectively restrain noise,eliminate image edges and detect the image edges exactly is presented.Firstly,morphological gradient image edge is enhanced by high frequency emphasize filter effectively.Then,the enhancement image is fit by B-spline function many times.Finally,watershed segmentation is used for the smoothing surface.Experimental results demonstrate that watershed seg-mentation with the proposed algorithm resolves the phenomena of over-segmentation well.The scheme can detect the image edges exactly and improve segmentation precision.


One of the early missionaries at Milingimbi is said to have rounded up men from a ceremony and hosed off the sacred designs they had painted on their chests. I have often been told that story, always by Balanda1 usually as a way of illustrating how terrible missionaries can be. Ali the same, other Balanda in other places were often a lot worse. Missionaries for example did not poison water holes and flour. Moreover the missionaries were not always feared or distrusted.


Summary We compared prefeeding development times, from fertilized egg to prism larva, for Strongylocentrotus embryos from four clutches of eggs (each from a different species) differing in size. Development times did not vary consistently with egg diameter, and trends among eggs of different sizes varied with stage of development. In some cases, development times for eggs of intermediate diameter (S. franciscanus) were longer than those for larger or smaller eggs. Although mean egg diameters in clutches ranged from 84 μm (S. purpuratus) to 162 μm (S. pallidus), differences in development time to the last embryonic stage (prism) were very small. We conclude that the inverse relationship between parental investment in offspring and premetamorphic development time in echinoids depends only on the functional consequences of reduced size of feeding larval stages: effects of egg size on prefeeding development time are not evident.


In order to make such managing mechanisms as order-driving, integrated management, coordination and cooperation, information sharing to work, an enterprise must implement business process reengjneering, organization structure integration and information platform construction.On this basis, it needs to establish an integrated managing platform.


With the spread of the English language around the world and its usage in political, economic, and certainly in information and communication arenas, it would seem that not being capable of using the language means that a nation is doomed to fail in international competition. At an individual level, English is a high-stakes subject in Japanese schools; thus it is crucial to success in one's educational career. In business, it became news when leading Japanese companies such as Rakuten and Uniqlo announced the introduction of English as their in-house language. In the realm of education, a suggestion has been made very recently that English be introduced at an even earlier stage in formal education than it is at present and its status be upgraded into a formal subject2 (Miki, 2015). In short, 'English' is not a trivial matter in Japan. One characteristic of discussions and discourses related to the English language in Japan is that many are ideological. 'The Japanese are not good at English', 'English is a must for the workers', and 'salary will increase with English proficiency' (p. iii)3: these are some of the examples the author finds utterly unsatisfying. Interestingly, by utilising large-scale data sets and conducting statistical analyses, the thrust of the book is to challenge such established ideas, beliefs, and discourses about the Japanese and the English language, showing that they are mistaken and based on flimsy evidence. It is intended to make use of the results to develop more effective educational policies, as well as to contribute to academic debate. The book consists of four parts. The first part examines discourses related to proficiency in and use of English by Japanese people. It demonstrates that only a very low proportion of Japanese workers possess an advanced command of English (chapter 1), and that opportunities to acquire this depend on class and gender (chapter 2). A comparative analysis examines the English skills of Japanese by comparison with their Asian neighbours (chapter 3), showing that although the Japanese as a whole are not egregiously poor in their English skills, the relatively poor command of English amongst prominent public figures such as politicians may reinforce an Review Article


........................................................................................................ i GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................. v LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES .......................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. vii LIST OF EQUATIONS ...................................................................................... viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................ x


Abstract : A feasibility study of a helicopter-towed air cushion logistic vehicle (ACLV) was performed. The scope of the study encompassed movement of loaded LASH system lighters on unmanned air-cushion platforms from an off-shore ship onto a sand beach in support of amphibious assault operations. Motive power is to be provided by towing with RH-53 helicopter. Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.


 S, Plasma Biotal Limited) was used as the main raw material in this study. PE powder (1000 µm) was obtained from Alfa Aesar® (a Johnson Matthey Company). Poly((N-isopropylacrylamide)- co-(methacrylic acid)) P(NiPAAm-MAA) was synthesized by free- radical cross-linking copolymerization in a solution of 99 mole% NiPAAm and 1 mole% MAA; the main parameters were as described previously. 5 The porous bioceramics were prepared using aqueous 30 wt% P(NiPAAm-MAA) mixed with 2 g HAp and 3% PE to form ceramic slurry. Thermo-gelling was evaluated for the P(NiPAAm-MAA) solution first, and the material was sintered and formed porous β- TCP/HAp bioceramics at 1200oC. For the in vivo experiments, we created a 1 mm gap in mid-shaft of the femur for a non-union Balb/C mouse model. The porous bioceramic was placed in the gap of the femur and fixed to both ends of the bone with a Π-shaped pin, and the wound was closed. Results In Fig. 1, photographs of aqueous 30 wt% P(NiPAAm-MAA) taken at different temperatures and stages of shrinkage are shown. This hydrogel shrank by nearly 75% as the temperature increased gradually to 250oC. The sintered bioceramics were shown to be porous (Fig. 2, photographs (a) and (b)). The morphology of porous bodies sintered as a HAp/PE/P(NiPAAm-MAA) slurry is shown in Fig. 2 (c); the macropore structure and distribution are also shown. The macropores were approximately 500~1000 μm; smaller pores size of 150~250 μm were also present. The average porosity (Fig. 3 (a)) was determined to be 62~65%% by the Archimedes method. The compressive strength of the porous bioceramics (φ=2 mm, height=1 mm) was examined at 7.2 MPa (Fig. 3 (a)). Fig. 3 (b) shows the XRD patterns of the slurry after sintering at 1200oC. The XRD peaks of all of the diffraction patterns agree well with those of standard HAp and β-TCP in the powder diffraction file (Card NO. 9-432 and 9-169). A calibration curve was prepared using standard HAp and β-TCP. Then, a β-TCP/HAp ratio of 3/7 was obtained. Fig. 4 (a1) shows X-ray images of the 1-mm defect in the mouse femur, which had not undergone callus formation at 6 weeks. In contrast, the femurs of the bioceramic groups (Fig. 4 b1~b3) showed osteointegration and new vessel ingrowth (brown), indicating the formation of new bone after 6 weeks. We also can see inside of residual scaffold also has bone matrix formation.


Given the high level of job mobility in the United States, one might think that obtaining a low-paying job would have only temporary consequences. However, using longitudinal data, I find that state dependence in wages is large and persistent. If two comparable individuals start jobs that pay a different wage, about 60% of the wage differential is still present four years later. Moreover, about 50% of the wage differential is still present for workers who have switched employers during that period. The results indicate that the jobs acquired by individuals have long- term effects on their future careers. I also examine the mechanisms that lead to state dependence. In a stigma model, prospective employers use wages as a signal of ability. Thus, getting a poor job can lead the market to believe that an individual has low ability. In the learning-by-doing model, workers who get high-paying jobs also attain greater opportunities to acquire human capital. The evidence suggests that both stigma and learning by doing models contribute to state dependence in wages.


Families of disabled children 1 have many questions about their child's condition, prognosis, and effective treatments and therapies. This commentary considers how researchers and clinicians can respond appropriately, by providing families with reliable information and enable them to make informed decisions about health care for their child. First, we consider some of the ways in which we can identify what questions and information families are interested in; then we consider some of the ways in which these information needs might be addressed. We reflect on our experiences and some of the lessons learned at the Peninsula Cerebra Research Unit (PenCRU), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK. PenCRU seeks to work in partnership with families of disabled children, consistent with the idea of "Family-centered research" (Rosenbaum, 2011).


Face recognition has remained a flourishing field of image processing for the last few years. The face recognition systems entirely depend upon the quality of extracted face image provided to the system. The paper presents a model, developed by combining statistical methods and different logical techniques, to extract the human face from an image. The model can extract face images in real world scenarios, such as, natural and complex backgrounds, outdoors and lightening conditions. The model has the capability to extract faces from multi face images. The results indicate that the system can perform considerably well in real world scenarios.


This analysis paper discusses the subject of cyber crime well, additionally because the varieties, strategies and effects of cyber crimes on a network or a pc. Information has become like Associate in nursing quality that must be shielded from attacks. During this paper, varied techniques, square measure given for the interference of the Active and Passive attacks. Some strategies square measure delineate to forestall ourselves from cyber attacks, viruses or malwares. By following the strategies delineate during this analysis paper one may be shielded from cyber attacks or hacking.


A novel ruthenium-free organic dye, 3-(5-(4-(di-p-tolylamino)styryl)-2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-7-yl)-2-cyanoacrylic acid (coded as H01), is synthesized in a short sequence. The dye is composed of a di(p-tolyl)phenylamino moiety as an electron donor, a cyanoacrylate moiety as an electron acceptor, and an ethylenedioxythiophene unit as the spacer to bridge the donor and the acceptor. The as-prepared H01 dye is employed as a sensitizer in a dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cell, and the short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (ff) of the device under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2) irradiation, are 15.22 mA cm−2, 0.67 V, and 0.72, respectively, corresponding to an overall conversion efficiency (Eff) of 7.33%.


Accidents and adverse effects was the sixth leading cause of death in Taiwan in 2008 provided by Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taiwan. Based on Statistics of Police Administration released by National Police Agency, Ministry of Interior, Taiwan, the case of intoxicated driving accidents accounts for more than 19% in fatal traffic accidents from 2006 to 2009. Moreover, the cause in intoxicated driving accidents ranks first among thirteen causes. As a result, intoxicated driving accident is one of the critical reasons to cause death and often results in serious casualties.