Objective
To investigate the association between gait speed (GS) and the health-related status in the elderly, in order to provide a basis for the early detection of the decline in health status, cognitive and physical functions in the elderly.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted. The questionnaire was designed to collect information on demographics, history of diseases, and lifestyles, etc. GS was measured by 10-meter and return walk test (totally 20 meters), and the speed less than 0.7 m/s was used to define low GS.

Results
Low GS was associated with the health status of the elderly. The prevalence of common chronic diseases was increased by 10% in the elderly with low GS than in the elderly with control GS after adjusting for age and gender (P<0.05). Stepwise Logistic regression showed that irregular daily routine (OR=1.39, P<0.01), co-morbidity (OR=2.00, P<0.01), low performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) (OR=1.15, P<0.01), depression status (OR=1.02, P=0.001) were associated with low GS. While higher education level (OR=0.95, P=0.044), regular drinking (OR=0.78, P=0.002), better cognitive function (OR=0.95, P<0.01) were associated with faster GS.

Conclusions
Gait speed is significantly associated with health status, cognitive function, activities of daily living and psychologic status in the elderly. Gait speed measurement may help identify the early declines in health status, cognitive and physical functions.

Key words:
Walking; Cognition; Activities of daily living; Depression


It is shown on the basis of infinite order perturbation theory that narrow resonances, which are obtained when the corrugation amplitude is sufficiently high, are not revealed by an effective one-dimensional potential surface, and it is not possible to derive an optimum adiabatic factorization which is independent of the distance from the surface.


Dramatic deteriorations in the future development of demographic and socio-economic factors having a decisive impact on public transport demand in 2000 - 2030 are predicted.

How can a reasonable public transport service be maintained under these changing conditions? Depending on the entrepreneurial objectives defined individually by each public transport company a range of strategic actions must be taken in the field of offer and performance: Advancing strategies, consolidation strategies and defensive strategies are discussed with the stress laid on improving service in order to attract more ridership.


This 4 star hotel is located in the city centre of Johannesburg. It is 25.0 Km from the Apartheid Musum. The Hotel has an outdoor swimming pool and a fitness centre/gym. All 5 rooms are equipped with hairdryer and air conditioning.


Emboldened by the success its 1968 Olympics coverage enjoyed in prime time, ABC teamed with the National Football League to launch Monday Night Football in 1970. Monday Night Football extended Arledge's lavish aesthetic to fashion a spectacle that would attract a broader audience than typical weekend telecasts. It particularly set its sights on women—a necessary audience for any successful prime-time show. While Monday Night Football grew out of ABC's Mexico City broadcasts, it avoided discussing racial tensions that might splinter the consistent prime-time viewership it sought. ABC used Monday Night Football's popularity to create successful television events that utilized the programing flows it forged and reproduced its pasteurized racial politics, such as the 1971 made-for-television movie Brian's Song, and, more significantly, the 1977 miniseries Roots. Chapter 4 contextualizes Monday Night Football's development and explains how it informed the depiction of race on network television events beyond sports broadcasts.


The researchers examined the relationship between age identity, stigma and discrimination in 573 randomly selected older persons aged 65 years and more, who live in families or in elder care homes. The samples were selected using multi- stage cluster sampling procedure and interviews were conducted using standardised rating scales. The linear regression analysis was used for testing hypotheses. Age identity was found to be high among older women than in older men (t (571)=-3.961; p<0.001). Age identity significantly predicted 34.5 percent of variance (R2=.0345) on stigma and it predicted 45.2 percent of variance (R2=0.452) on discrimination. The study concludes that age identity significantly increases stigma and discrimination in older persons.


Summary. The mechanism of lysis of anti‐D coated human erythrocytes by human mononuclear K‐cells was investigated. Red cell lysis was measureable after 30 min incubation and reached a maximum by 18–20 h. Cell‐to‐cell contact was necessary for lysis, phagocytosis was not a prerequisite, and intact microfilament function was required. The divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were both required for lysis to occur. Studies with metabolic inhibitors indicate that some RNA and protein synthesis is required for maximum expression of ADCC and intact microtubule function is essential. In the present system lysis was mediated by IgG1 anti‐D antibodies and was signficantly inhibited by IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses with some inhibition by IgG2 but not by IgG4, IgA or IgM. This suggests that the K‐cell Fc receptor is specific for IgG but that there is major cross‐reactivity between IgG1 and IgG3. The inhibiting effect of hydrocortisone suggests that ADCC inhibition may be one mode of action of corticosteroids in ameliorating autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.


A one-dimensional array of finite-state machines is being considered as a model for sequence replication. The authors consider the initial state of the first k machines in the array as representing the sequence of k symbols to be replicated along the array. A construction scheme is developed which allows for such replication to take place. It is also shown that the speed of replication approaches synchronous speed.


Background: Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes can cause neuropathy, which is a frequent and severe consequence. C-peptide depletion may be partly related to in the occurrence of certain diabetic complications. It has been demonstrated that even a little amount of residual C-peptide has a considerable metabolic advantage. Objective: The study's objective was to predict the relation of plasma C-peptide levels in patients with diabetic neuropathy, and its effect on Na-K ATPase activity. Design and Methods: In this case-control study, 150 individuals have been included: 80 patients with diabetic neuropathy, 40 diabetics without neuropathy and 30 non-diabetic subjects as a control. Patients in the first group were carefully chosen based on their clinical symptoms and nerve conduction studies results. The assessment of plasma C-peptide was done by ELISA, Na-K ATPase enzyme activity by spectrophotometer, and HbA1C by HPLC. Results: Mean plasma C-peptide level and Erythrocyte Na-K ATPase activity were substantially lower in neuropathy type 2 DM patients compared to diabetes without neuropathy and control (p= 0.002, 0.000 respectively). The negative correlation between C-peptide with HbA1c, and diabetes period were all negligible (p= 0.447,0.098), Even though there was a notable negative correlation with age (p= 0.03). On the other hand, the relationship linking C-peptide and Na-K ATPase enzyme activity was shown to be insignificant (p=0.69). Conclusions: Diabetic neuropathy is related to a low C-peptide level. The association between C-peptide and Na-K ATPase enzyme activity, on the other hand, was shown to be insignificant. C-peptide HbA1c, and duration of diabetes all had minor negative associations.


The problem of excessive ground settlement and continuous alarm of daily ground settlement rate appeared in one shield zone of Hangzhou subway line 2 during the shield construction process,where is mainly distributed of sandy silt soil.Under the statistical analysis and theoretical research of measured data of ground settlement,the result shows that the consolidation settlement completed within one week after the passage of the shield tail due to the relatively big permeability coefficient in the region of mainly sandy silt;the ground settlement becomes stable soon after the passage of the shield tail within a very short time(totally 3~4 days);due to the post-construction consolidation settlement completes very fast,the excess of ground settlement and daily ground settlement rate can be easily caused once the construction settlement is large;the overall amount of consolidation settlement is small,and its average value is 9.7 mm,but the distribution of the maximum ground settlement is very wide,indicating that the level of shield construction has a big influence on ground settlement.


Implementation of the effective copyright process in educational settings is the only way to sustain the development and distribution of the knowledge and preserve the creativity of the content developers. This paper outlines the knowledge and perceptions that academics have regarding copyright laws in relation to using external materials in the classroom. An online survey was distributed to gather data from 114 tertiary level academic staff employed at a Turkish state university. After introducing the theoretical background to the problem, this paper purports how the survey was carried out and then presents the data obtained. The results indicate that while most academics are aware of the existence of copyright laws, they do not possess a clear understanding on the legal applications in educational context. The study also revealed the need for educational institutions in Turkey to take the appropriate steps in providing adequate copyright law training for their academic staff. Keywords: copyright, academic staff, perception;


. Ergodic properties of smooth dynamical systems are considered. A point is called regular for an ergodic measure p if it is generic for p. and the Lyapunov exponents at it coincide with those of p.. We show that an ergodic measure with no zero Lyapunov exponent is absolutely continuous with respect to unstable foliation [L] if and only if the set of all points which are regular for it has positive Lebesgue measure.


Radionuclides are hazardous materials which impose ionizing radiation on humans and are valuable proxies for tracking environmental processes. Radionuclides are widely reported in global marine sediments, which are recognized as the final destination of radionuclides. As one of the typical marine ecosystems, coral reefs are "hotspots" of high biodiversity providing rich biological resources and significant tourist sites for humans. Seafood consumption and SCUBA diving would induce internal and external radiation on humans, respectively. However, radioactivity is rarely studied in coral reef ecosystems. Here, we exhibited radionuclides in marine sediments collected from the fringing and atoll reefs with a latitudinal coverage of 14° (~1500 km) in the South China Sea (SCS). Naturally occurring radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 228Ra, and, 238U) were quantified by Standard River Sediment (GBW08304a) and were validated by Irish Sea Sediment (IAEA-385) using High Purity Germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometry (Canberra BE6530). The energy resolution of HPGe γ-spectrometry (~2 keV) is much better than that of NaI γ-spectrometry (~50 keV). Overall, radioactivity in marine sediments was in the order of 238U (28.96 Bq/kg) >40K (24.36 Bq/kg) >228Ra (5.08 Bq/kg) >226Ra (3.34 Bq/kg). Radioactivity was higher in marine sediments collected from the fringing reefs than the atoll reefs due to the influence of terrigenous minerals in the fringing reefs. The occurrence of terrigenous minerals was confirmed by the mineral components (K-feldspar, illite, and quartz) using X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, the rare earth elements (REE) are generally used to trace terrigenous inputs. In the present study, the ranking pattern of the 40K activity was consistent with the concentration of REE in marine sediments (sediments outside the coral reef regions > sediments from fringing reefs > sediments from atoll reefs), giving supporting evidence of the influence of terrigenous minerals. A comparison of radionuclides in marine sediments from coral reefs and other sea regions indicated that the radioactive level (Radium equivalent activity, Ra eq) of marine sediment in coral reefs was only 1%−10% of that of other marine sediments and global soil. The value of Ra eq in marine sediments collected from coral reefs (3−42 Bq/kg) was also lower than that in marine sediments collected from the pristine environment of the Arctic Ocean (70.62 Bq/kg) and Southern Ocean (76.92 Bq/kg). Particularly, the mean value of Ra eq in marine sediments of the atoll reefs in the SCS (3.97 Bq/kg) was less than 5% of that in global average soil (108.70 Bq/kg). Therefore, radioactivity in marine sediment was extremely low in coral reefs relative to other sea regions. Marine sediments in coral reefs had three unique characteristics of low 40K activity, low 226Ra and 228Ra activity, and low 226Ra/238U ratio. It was worth noting that the abnormally low 226Ra/238U activity ratio (<0.1) of marine sediments was observed in the atoll reefs and was attributed to the biological process of active uptake of 226Ra and 238U from seawater by coral polyps rather than the ingrowth process of the 238U-230Th-226Ra decay chain. The mechanism of radioactive characteristics in marine sediments was attributed to the fragmentation and weathering of biominerals in coral reefs in contrast to the weathering and subsequent transport of soil and rocks in other marine sediments outside the coral reef region. These three characteristics have potential to be novel geochemical proxies for tracking particle dynamics in coral reefs in addition to other traditional approaches including the Al, Ti, REE, and mineral components.


The sand-covered coastal plain connecting the Cape Peninsula mountain chain to the southwestern Cape mainland is known as the Cape Flats. The whitish windblown sands covering this area of approximately 460 km2, referred to as the Quaternary sands of the Cape Flats, provide founding for the rapid and ongoing development in the area. A knowledge of the geotechnical properties and engineering behaviour of these sands is essential for design of suitable foundations for proposed structures and earthworks associated with such developments. By combining, analysing and interpreting the wealth of existing and available geotechnical information from previous and new soil investigations undertaken in the area, the Quaternary-aged sands of the Witzand, Springfontyn and Langebaan Formations from the Cape Flats were characterised in terms of their physical properties and engineering behaviour. The sands from the study area were classified based on their grading, Atterberg limits, maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, minimum dry density, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), erodibility and corrosivity, and characterised in terms of their compressibility, shear strength, permeability, volumetric behaviour during shear including liquefaction potential, in-situ density and moisture content and specific gravity. The Cape Flats sands were found to be highly variable (with both inter- and intra-formation variation), with a wide range in many material properties, principally a function of soil texture, gradation and degree of cementation. The findings of this research may be used to form initial appreciation of the likely properties of the material and potential problem areas.


Part 1 List of Abbreviations Part 2 Preface Chapter 3 The First Secession Movement: In Defense of Antient English Libertyes, 1763-1776 Chapter 4 From Republicanism to Federalism I: The Articles of Confederation, 1781-1787 Chapter 5 From Republicanism to Federalism II: The Federal Convention and State Ratification Debates, 1787-1788 Chapter 6 Original Intentions and Nullification Recovered: The Real Revolution of 1800 Part 7 Appendices Part 8 Endnotes Part 9 Research Note Part 10 Bibliography Part 11 Index Part 12 About the Author


Abstract The present study aims to report a case of Relapsing Polychondritis, using established diagnostic criteria, and evaluate preliminary results of the Relapsing Polychondritis Disease Activity Index (RPDAI), before and after treatment with a combination of corticosteroids and colchicine. Twenty one years old female with ocular photosensitivity, tearing and bilateral erythema since last pregnancy. Symptoms remitted spontaneously after pregnancy. Three months later symptoms relapsed, added to bilateral auricular chondritis (sparing ear lobe), frequent episodes of hoarseness and aphonia, and pain during esternal and chostocondral palpation. Histopathological examination exhibited skin with inflammatory infiltrate, increased fibroblasts and loss of basophilic staining of the cartilage matrix. This patient fulfilled requirements to diagnosis of RP in the three different criteria. At admission, RPDAI score was 35 points; 12 months after treatment with prednisone and colchicines, score decreased to nine points. Preliminary results of RPDAI application helped to measure the progress in RP in this case report. Its potential to early detection of recurrences may help clinicians on therapeutic approach, and reinforces the premise that early institution of treatment has a positive impact on the prognosis of these patients.


【Objective】 Five conservation tillage patterns in double cropping-rice regions of Hunan were analyzed in order to find the advantages and disadvantages of them.【Method】 Based on the five principles(less soil disturbance,less bareness,less pollution,higher soil stores,higher economic benefits),a set of indexes were built to analyze the characters of the five conservation tillage patterns contrasted with double cropping rice winter fallow(CK).【Result】 The main results showed that the conservation degree value of double rice-potato was the highest(reached 20.1),the double rice-ryegrass and double rice-rape reached 17.5 and 16.0,respectively.The conservation degree value of double rice-milk vetch was 10.5.The lowest values was 3.4 which was no-tillage double cropping rice pattern.【Conclusion】 The results demonstrated that the conservation degree value of double rice-potato was the highest and adapt to the regions have surplus labor forces cause of it obtained the highest economic benefits,soil savings and labor consumption.The conservation degree value of double rice-ryegrass had the same efficient as double rice-rape and both had low labor consumption and high economic benefits.The conservation degree value of double rice-milk vetch was very high for it had the lowest pollution of pesticides and fertilizers to the environment.The no-tillage double cropping rice owned the lowest labor consumption,though its conservation degree value was the lowest,it showed its positive effects and can be popularized in the regions lack of labor forces.


A PDA-based intelligent building service system has been developed to control heating, ventilation and air- conditioning (HVAC) components. The system can be connected to Ethernet network and communicate with PDA or computers. BACnet protocol has been incorporated in the communication process between a system server and other connected smart devices. Each component of the system can work individually according to preset control loop or respond to commands made by users through PDA.


Effective and safe COVID‐19 vaccines have been developed and have resulted in decreased incidence and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection and can decrease secondary transmission. However, there are concerns about dampened immune responses to COVID‐19 vaccination among immunocompromised patients, including people living with HIV (PLWH), which may blunt the vaccine's efficacy and durability of protection. This study aimed to assess the qualitative SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine immunogenicity among PLWH after vaccination.


In most western countries, the symptomatic management of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is usually achieved with medicinal products including levodopa (LD), dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, COMT inhibitors, antimuscarinics and amantadine. The control of the quality of the production of such medications is strict and the assessment of the benefit-risk ratio of these interventions is regulated by official recommendations which follow an evidence-based approach. Ayurveda Indian medicine has used Mucuna Pruriens (MP) for the treatment of PD since ancient times. MP includes LD as an active moiety, among many others. A literature search was conducted between 1978-2012 with the keywords Parkinson's disease, ayurveda or mucuna pruriens. MP antagonized the effects of 6OHDA lesions in rats and when administered chronically it showed lower dyskinetic potential compared to L-DOPA. MP also reduced Parkinsonian symptoms in an MPTP treated monkey with less dyskinesias compared to L-DOPA. Four clinical trials of MP for PD treatment were found. Initially they were open-label, uncontrolled studies, suggesting that MP might reduce parkinsonism severity. One double-blind randomized crossover study was conducted in 8 PD patients, employing acute challenges of levodopa or MP. It showed that the effect of MP had a faster onset than LD, with shorter latencies to peak and increased on-time. No other medium-term (i.e., 6 months) randomized-controlled trials (RCT) are available. According to the MDS EBM taskforce working procedures, an intervention is considered as "efficacious" when there is at least one high quality randomized controlled trial (RCT) showing a positive effect on studied outcomes with no conflicting data from other RCTs. Based on these premises, there is insufficient evidence to conclude the efficacy of MP in the treatment of PD. Thus its use in clinical practice remains open to investigation. It must also be emphasized that various MP formulations can be used, raising concerns about their quality, which is difficult to control, as regulation is limited. Impurities or variations in active moieties, can lead to unexpected adverse drug reactions. In conclusion, the use of MP in PD treatment remains open to investigation and thus cannot be recommended for clinical use.


With concrete pavements of highways subjected to heavy traffic, it is essential to minimize the time they are closed to traffic when replacing deteriorated slabs. This paper describes some experiences carried out in this regard in a expressway section placed in central Spain. The section was constructed in 1986 as a plain concrete pavement with undowelled joints at varied spacing. Temperature changes are important, not only between summer and winter, but also between day and night at some times of the year. The latter exceed sometimes 25 deg C. These thermal gradients, combined with traffic loads, had resulted in the cracking of the longest slabs, requiring on occasion their removal/replacement. To speed the process, the concrete was designed to meet the following requirements: 1) compressive strength at 12 hours should be over 20 MPa; 2) constituents (cement and aggregates) should be easily available; 3) concrete should have a good workability, allowing manual placement; and 4) concrete should be produced in a ready mix plant. All these specifications were fulfilled using a relatively high content of high early strength cement (~420 kg/m-sup-3 ), a low water/cement ratio (0.4) and the combined use of a plasticizer (water-reducing admixture) and a superplasticizer (high-range water-reducing admixture). It should be noted that compressive strengths at 18 hours exceeded 30 MPa.


Occupational therapists in pediatric practice are often required to evaluate and treat children with eating problems. The lack of a standardized eating assessment has hindered therapists' ability to define normal oral-motor development, identify unequivocally those children who will benefit from intervention, refine treatment procedures using information gained through accurate assessment, and monitor progress in clinical and research settings. The purposes of this review are to (a) outline the scope of eating problems in children with oral-motor impairments, (b) establish the need for a quantitative eating assessment, (c) review the assessments currently available, and (d) suggest directions for future development.


Abstract Purpose: Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment globally. This study explored medical, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors associated with cataract development in a rural community in Imo State, Nigeria. Methods: A case-control study was done on 61 patients above 40 years old from a medical outreach program to determine the presence of cataract and its risk factors. Results: Of 54 complete records, 52% had cataracts (while 48% had no cataracts). There were no significant differences in co-morbidities such as ocular allergy (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.36–2.69), refractive error (OR 1.46, 95% CI: 0.61–3.50), hypertension (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.24–1.89), or arthritis (OR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.33–2.43) between people with or without cataract. The no cataract group had a higher educational level (p = 0.01) and socio-economic score (SES, 20.9 ± 2.9 vs. 18.8 ± 3.0, p = 0.01). Both groups obtained medications without a prescription (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.40–2.28), and had equivalent sun exposure (3.4 ± 2.9 vs. 3.9 ± 2.2 hours, p = 0.31), use of multivitamins (p = 0.80), sunglasses (p = 0.32), and hats (p = 0.83). Conclusion: Poor knowledge and use of cataract risk reducers in the community contributed to development of cataracts, regardless of socioeconomic status.


This paper reviews the association between maternal thrombophilias and venous thromboembolism, miscarriage, preeclampsia, abruption, intrauterine growth restriction and stillbirths. Emphasis is made on risk factors, diagnostic methods, surveillance, prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disease.Special mention is made to the low mollecular weight heparins as the anticoagulants of choice used for thromboprohylaxis and treatment during pregnancy.Finally, recomendations are made for treatment of several special situations in high risk obstetric: management of pregnant women with mechanical heart valves, and management of pregnant patients at increased risk for venous thromboembolism and pregnancy loss.


health services, including hospitals. In recent years doctors have become much better at recognising that psychosocial factors are important in the presentation and management of patients with physical symptoms, whether or not caused by detectable disease. The psychological care of medical patients is an excellent report into many aspects of the interface between the physical and psychological aspects of medicine. Chapters describe the extent of this inter-


This paper highlights the issues behind QoS adaptation in virtual circuit-based mobile networks. We explain the need for end-to-end adaptation and reveal how such adaptation occurs during mobile handoffs. The instability and sensitivity problems occurring as a result of frequent handoffs and QoS adaptation are explained and related to control theory. We provide some control approaches that we believe can ensure stability in the network under such circumstances. It is important that future broadband wireless networks must be able to offer network services and QoS assurance without causing network instability. This paper, therefore, reveals possible approaches to be considered in the design of future broadband wireless systems. Unlike other similar work on QoS adaptation, we do not aim to control the level/rate of a value, but the decision to adapt, that is the timing of it, using control theoretical techniques.


Through the monsoon period of 1976, precipitation phenomena were observed at temporary stations around peaks and ridges of high altitude (5000-5500 m) in Shorong and Khumbu Himal, in addition to the observations made at Lhajung station (4420 m) in the Khumbu region. Through these observations, it was found that the amounts of precipitation at these two stations is 4 or 5 times larger than that at Lhajung. While day to day convective precipitation contributes the major part of the total amount at Shorong and Glacier EB 050 (E9) stations, a few rainy days of large amount of precipitation account for most of the contribution at Lhajung station. It was also found that the statistical features of precipitation as a function of time of day are systematically different among these three stations. Along the slope to Glacier EB 050 (E9) in Khumbu Himal, the amount of precipitation gradually increases with increase of altitude. However, along the slope to Glacier AX 030 in Shorong Himal, the amount is almost uniformly distributed from 4000 m up to the terminus of the glacier (5200 m).


Small regulatory RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that function primarily as negative regulators of other RNA transcripts. The principal members of this class are microRNAs and siRNAs, which are involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. These small RNAs, which in their functional form are singlestranded and ~22 nucleotides in length, guide a gene silencing complex to an mRNA by complementary base pairing, mostly at the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR). The association of the silencing complex to the conjugate mRNA results in silencing the gene either by translational repression or by degradation of the mRNA. The discovery of microRNAs and their regulatory mechanism has been at the center of a dogmatic shift of our view of non-coding RNAs and their biological role.


Data mining is a technique of extracting information by looking for patterns from large amounts of data to produce a new knowledge. By utilizing the loan data of the Regional Library of Salatiga, the pattern search process is carried out by applying the Apriori Algorithm to find out the interrelationships between books that are often borrowed in transactions. New knowledge is obtained based on the results of algorithm calculations implemented using the Rapid Miner application. Information obtained from processing is to find out the tendency of visitors to borrow books that are used to provide recommendations for the procurement of books and book layout policies based on loan intensity in order to support the activities of book lending transactions. From the results of the analysis of the book loan transaction data in 2018 which uses a minimum support value of 2% and a minimum confidence of 40%, there are stock recommendations and book layout suggestions on book's classification of AT, CB, CJ, CI, and CR. Where the best association rules have 48% confidence in the classification of CR books with type A members.


Walking in the Hongo Campus of the University of Tokyo, an exquisite garden landscaped by a feudal lord several hundred years ago, you pass through a dense grove beside a pond to encounter a group of statues of pioneers who contributed to the expansion of wisdom. The campus, being full of such commemorations and natural remains, along with its university museum, plays an important role in assembling and exhibiting materials to both researchers and society. Some materials are available only in this campus, increasing its prestige as a museum.

It seems that the University of Tokyo is …


Estimating driver's gaze zone has very important role to support advanced driver assistant system (ADAS). The gaze estimation can monitor the driver focus and indirectly control the user interface/user experience (UI/UX) on a windshield using augmented reality-head up display (AR-HUD). However, to train gaze zone estimator as a classification task, someone pays huge costs to gather a large amount of annotated dataset. To reduce the labor work, we used a transfer-learning method using pre-trained CNN model to project the gaze estimation task by regression on mobile devices that have large and reliable dataset into new classification task to overcome lack of annotated dataset for gaze zone estimation. We tested the proposed method to our own building simulation test bed. The result is shown in validation accuracy around 99.01 % and test accuracy with unseen driver around 60.25 % for estimating 10 gaze zones in-vehicle.


Sub-optimal feeding practices among under-5 children are the major drivers of malnutrition. This study aims to assess the prevalence of malnutrition and the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding, bottle feeding, and complementary feeding practices among under 5 children amid the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the economic and the political crises in Lebanon. A nationally representative stratified random sample of mother–child dyads (n = 511) was collected from households using a stratified cluster sampling design. The survey inquired about infant's feeding and complementary feeding practices using a valid questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of the mother and child were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to explore the determinants associated with under-5 children's practices. The prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight and obese children was 0.5%, 8.4%, 6.7%, 16.8% and 8.9%, respectively. In total, among under-5 children, the prevalence of ever breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and bottle feeding at birth was 95.1%, 59.1% and 25.8%, respectively. Half the children in this study started solid foods between 4 and 6 months. Regression analysis showed that supporting breastfeeding at hospital (aOR = 8.20, 95% CI (3.03–22.17)) and husband's support (aOR = 3.07, 95% CI (1.9–4.92)) were associated with increased breastfeeding odds. However, mother's occupation (aOR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.55–0.58)) was inversely associated with breastfeeding practices. Male children (aOR = 2.119, 95% CI (1.37–3.27), mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 (aOR = 0.58, 95% CI (0.35–0.95)), and bottle feeding at hospital (aOR = 0.5, 95% CI (0.32–0.77)) were more likely to induce early initiation of solid foods at 4 months of age. This study demonstrated non-negligible rates of malnutrition, low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, and high rates of early introduction of formula feeding and solid foods among Lebanese under-5-children amid escalating crises.


In a chiral superconductor with broken time-reversal symmetry a ``spontaneous Hall effect'' may be observed. We analyze this phenomenon by taking into account the surface properties of a chiral superconductor. We identify two main contributions to the spontaneous Hall effect. One contribution originates from the Bernoulli (or Lorentz) force due to spontaneous currents running along the surfaces of the superconductor. The other contribution has a topological origin and is related to the intrinsic angular momentum of Cooper pairs. The latter can be described in terms of a Chern-Simons-like term in the low-energy field theory of the superconductor and has some similarities with the quantum Hall effect. The spontaneous Hall effect in a chiral superconductor is, however, nonuniversal. Our analysis is based on three approaches to the problem: a self-consistent solution of the Bogoliubov\char21{}de Gennes equation, a generalized Ginzburg-Landau theory, and a hydrodynamic formulation. All three methods consistently lead to the same conclusion that the spontaneous Hall resistance of a two-dimensional superconducting Hall bar is of order ${h/(ek}_{F}\ensuremath{\lambda}{)}^{2},$ where ${k}_{F}$ is the Fermi wave vector and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the London penetration depth; the Hall resistance is substantially suppressed from a quantum unit of resistance. Experimental issues in measuring this effect are briefly discussed.


With the growth of global computer networks, virtual communities have become an important new way for people to interact. People are beginning to realize that networks are not only affecting the way businesses operate, but also our everyday lives [7]. One of the simplest examples of a virtual community is online chat. Through a chat application, one can participate in diverse discussions with numerous people, many of whom are strangers.


Autonomous mass organizations at the grass-roots level,which is established according to law,are urban residents and rural villagers through democratic election,democratic decision-making,democratic management,and democratic supervision to meet residents' self-management,self-education and self-service.It is the autonomy,mass,democratic,rule of law,self-discipline and grassroots features that distinguish it from state organs and other social organizations,and show the important constitutional government value of the basis of developing socialist democratic constitutionalism,the foundation engineering to implement the furtherance,and the important strength of promoting civilized construction,the construction of socialist harmonious society's in our socialist construction of constitutional government.


If a book or journal is not available in a De Montfort library it may be possible to get a copy through the Inter Library Loans service.


The corrosion behaviour and stress corrosion cracking of 2205 duplex stainless steel in H2S medium with and without CO2 were studied by u-shaped bending specimen soak,slow strain rate testing and electrochemical measurements. The fracture morphology after slow strain rate testing was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The results show that the existence of CO2 in the solution can reduce the pitting potential of the duplex stainless steel,increase the passive current density and corrosion current density.CO2 can promote the stress corrosion sensitivity of the duplex stainless steel,make the duplex stainless steel suffer brittle fracture clearly.


Objective
To investigate the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the distribution of HPV subtypes in women for physical examination in Anhui area, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.

Methods
The sample of female cervical exfoliated cells specimen were collected by Hefei KingMed Diagnostics laboratory and HPV genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction reverse dot blot hybridization (PCR-RDB) method. According to the genotype results, the potential infection rate and HPV subtypes, the detection rate of each genotype and the distribution of different age groups were analyzed, respectively.

Results
Among the 17 160 samples from healthy women for physical examination, a total of 2 990 cases were HPV positive, with the positive rate 17.42% (2 990/ 17 160). Seventeen high-risk genotypes and 6 low-risk genotypes of HPV were all detected. Cases with single genotype HPV infection accounted for 73.71% (2 204/2 990), double HPV genotypes infection were 19.03% (569/2 990), triple HPV genotypes were 5.55% (166/2 990); while quadruple HPV genotypes (43 cases), five genotypes (7 cases) and six genotypes (1 case) infection accounted for 1.71% (51/2 990) in total. Among the 2 204 cases with single genotype HPV infection, 1 829 (82.99%) cases were with high-risk genotypes HPV infection. The common high-risk subtypes were HPV52 (20.07%, 367/1 829), HPV16 (16.84%, 308/ 1 829), HPV53 (9.84%, 180/18 29) and HPV18 (8.26%, 151/1 829). The detection rate of the above four high-risk genotypes of HPV accounted for 55.00%, relative to the total high-risk genotype of HPV infection (1 006/1 829). The remaining 823 patients were distributed in the other 13 high-risk genotypes of HPV. There were 375 cases with low-risk genotype of HPV infection, the most common of which was HPV81 (40.00%, 150/375), followed by HPV42 (22.13%, 83/375) and HPV43 (17.33%, 65/375). The other 23 patients were distributed in the other 3 middle and low risk genotypes. Among the cases with double HPV infection, 390 cases (68.54%) were with only high-risk HPV subtypes infection, 10 cases (1.76%) with only low-risk HPV subtypes infection and 169 cases (29.70%) with high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes mixed infection. Among the triple HPV genotypes infection, 73 cases (43.98%) were with only high-risk HPV subtypes infection, 2 cases (1.20%) were with only low-risk HPV subtypes infection and 91 cases (54.82%) with high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes mixed infection. Among quadruple and above HPV genotypes infection, 22 cases (43.14%) were with only high-risk subtypes HPV infection, no case was with only low-risk HPV subtype infection and 29 cases (56.86%) with high-risk and low-risk HPV subtypes mixed infection. High-risk HPV subtype infection was the main infection, whether in single HPV subtype infection or in multiple HPV subtypes infection. The positive rates of HPV in groups aged 21-25, 26-30, 31-35, 36-40, 41-45, 46-50 ,51-55, 56-60 and ≥ 61 years old were significantly different (χ2 = 28.701, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
HPV infection in healthy women in Anhui was maily single subtype infection and high-risk subtypes infection, and the high-risk infection rate ranks HPV52, HPV16, HPV53 and HPV18, and the infection rate of different age groups were significantly different.

Key words:
Human papillomavirus; Genotype; Physical examination; Women; Cervical cancer


The invention discloses high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. The rubber is composed of, by weight, 46-50% of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber, 15-18% of fast extruding furnace carbon black, 12-15% of paraffin oil, 1-2% of magnesium oxide, 1.5-2.0% of dicumyl peroxide, 1.2-1.5% polyethylene glycol and 13-16% of aluminum hydroxide, wherein the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber serves as a rubber raw material, fast extruding furnace carbon black serves as reinforcing agent, paraffin oil serves as plasticizer, magnesium oxide serves as active agent, dicumyl peroxide serves as vulcanizing agent, polyethylene glycol serves as processing auxiliary, and aluminum hydroxide serves as flame retardant. Peroxide is adopted as vulcanizing agent while aluminum hydroxide is adopted as flame retardant to improve high-temperature resistance of the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber.


OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and association between dental caries and dental fluorosis among 18 to 22 year-old adults METHODOLOGY: A total of 500 patients reporting to dental OPD of Karpagam Hospital Coimbatore,out of which 367 males and 133 females were included in this Cross sectional study. Simple random sampling was done from list of patients. The diagnosis of dental caries was done according to WHO criteria (Decayed Missed Filled Teeth index-DMFT) and Dental fluorosis was assessed by Dean's fluorosis index. The collected data was analyzed statistically by chi square test using SPSS 16 along with Cross tabulation of variables with those of each other to find out any clinical relevance. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of dental caries and fluorosis was 43.6% and 14% respectively. The mean DMFT score was 1.03 and statistically significant correlation was found with lesser degree of dental caries in flourosis patients CONCLUSION: This study shows moderate prevalence of dental caries in 18 to 22yr old adults with lesser degree of dental caries in flourosis patients, indicating protective effect of fluoride for dental caries.


Thanks this time to Marco Camerani, Kazuhiro Doki, Vincent Golden, Susan Graf, K. P. S. Jochum, Eric Novotny, Friedhelm Rathjen, Federico Sabatini, Emily Sharp?, and Andreas Weigel. Please send contributions to your bibliographer at W329 Pattee, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, or via e-mail to uxb5@ psu.edu. The Checklists are cumulated online in The James Joyce Checklist : .


Presentation of an auditory click-train before a stimulus leads to the relative overestimation of stimulus duration. This is thought to be due to an increase in the rate of the pacemaker (inferred from the slope when estimates are regressed against stimulus duration) of an internal clock, said to be triggered by physiological arousal. Work with emotional stimuli suggests similar temporal dilations, and there is (mixed) evidence suggesting this effect may be due to physiological arousal. We therefore aimed to test the assertion that click trains increase duration estimates due to increased physiological arousal. We compared estimates of tone durations following negative sounds, neutral sounds, click trains, and silence, while recording pupil size and heart rate as measures of arousal. Contrary to click train literature, estimates did not significantly differ following any of the stimulation types, possibly due to large trial baseline periods. However, pupil size change was significantly higher during negative and neutral sounds than both click trains and silence, and higher during click trains than silence. Heart rate change was higher during negative sounds than click trains. Finally, while pupil size change did not correlate with estimation slopes, heart rate change correlated with estimation slopes for neutral sounds and click trains (significantly) and negative sounds and silence (moderate and anecdotal Bayes factors respectively). In conclusion, there was evidence to suggest that click trains increased physiological arousal (pupil size) compared to silence, and that higher arousal (heart rate) during click trains correlates with estimation slopes (pacemaker rate) following click trains.


This paper explores the benefits of splitting cache and creating an optimal split in cache for bioinformatics applications. Splitcache architectures are most commonly divided into data cache and instructioncache. The split between instruction cache and data cache is usually optimized for average computer usage, although some processors are optimized for specific types of programs. Previous splitcache research with nonbioinformatics systems has allowed for optimization of cache by program type, but no optimization standard exists for bioinformatics software. Bioinformatics is currently one of the fastestgrowing fields within the computer science realm because of its longterm medical and genetic implications. Given the amount of processing and analyzing that bioinformatics applications entail, efficiency is absolutely critical. This inspired us to explore the effects that different splitcache architectures have on the efficiency of bioinformatics software. We ran the benchmarks with several different configurations of primary cache and compared the results.


According to the evaluation requirement for the service level of urban rail transit hubs,the evaluation index system and evaluation method based on simulation technology are presented considering the interactive features of passenger and hub environment.Simulation tool is applied to simulate passenger behaviors in hubs to get the values of related parameters.Index values are calculated by the presented method to analyze and evaluate the operation performance of urban rail transit hub.Case study of Beijing Xuanwumen metro station by the presented evaluation method shows that the maximum transfer time of passengers from Line 2 to Line 4 is longer.Stairs and escalator entrance areas on the platform area of Line 4 are the most crowded areas.The facility capacity is easier to be saturated on the platform of Line 4,and passengers are easier to be delayed.The average transfer time of passengers from Line 4 to Line 2 is more adaptable to passenger numbers,and the average waiting time of passengers from Line 2 to Line 4 is more adaptable to train connection.The evaluation result in case study agrees with real situation,which proves the validity of the evaluation method.


ABSTRACT Studies investigating the subcellular localization of periplasmic proteins have been hampered by problems with the export of green fluorescent protein (GFP). Here we show that a superfolding variant of GFP (sfGFP) is fluorescent following Sec-mediated transport and works best when the cotranslational branch of the pathway is employed.


The main problems with the management of scientific research were analyzed. Following the inherent law of scientific research and referring to the relevant management experience of some universities,four suggestions were proposed,including strengthening the construction of innovation team,establishing the main direction,strengthening management obligation of department,and improving project management mechanism. The goal was to promote the reform and innovation of scientific research work.


During surgical reduction of ankle injuries with syndesmotic instability surgeons often use the anteroposterior (AP) and mortise radiographs to assess reduction. Current literature predicts 50% are malreduced mainly in the sagittal plane. Our aim was to develop a radiographic measure based on the lateral view to assess both the normal and abnormal fibula/tibia relationship after simulated syndesmotic malreduction and to evaluate the effect on commonly used AP and mortise measurements. Nine fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were dissected to the level of the syndesmosis. AP, mortise and talar dome lateral radiographs were obtained before and following syndesmosis division and posterior fibula displacement. On the lateral radiograph a line was drawn (Orthoview) from the anterior border of the fibula bisecting a line drawn from the anterior to posterior lips of the distal tibia. The ratio of the anterior-posterior segments was calculated. Also a line was drawn from the posterior border of the fibula and the distance was measured to the posterior lip of the tibia. At 0, 2, 4 and 6mm of displacement the ratio measured 1.3±0.2, 1.1±0.2, 0.9±0.2 and 0.7±0.2 respectively with all pairwise comparisons being significantly different. Inter- and intra-observer variability varied from substantial to perfect. The only significant medial clear space (MCS) difference was on the mortise view between 0mm (2.0±0.3mm) and 6mm (2.4±0.4mm) displacement. Our new measure of syndesmotic reduction is reproducible and can detect from 2mm of saggital fibular displacement. At maximum fibular displacement the increase in MCS was less than 1mm. This demonstrates standard mortise radiographs are poor at detecting syndesmotic reduction. An interesting observation was in all specimens prior to any displacement, the posterior fibular line always bisected the posterior lip of the tibia or lay just anterior to it, never posterior. This could serve as a useful adjunct for surgeons when assessing syndesmotic reduction intra-operatively.


The conduction bands of cuprous halides are studied through bremsstrahlung-isochromat-spectroscopy (BIS) experiments. These results are compared with the densities of states calculated by the linear-muffin-tin-orbital (LMTO) method. The good agreement in the low-energy range permits us to determine the contributions of the different symmetries on the two sites of the three halides. On the higher-energy side BIS, as well as x-ray-absorption spectra, show that the LMTO gives better agreement when they are compared with the p states on copper in CuI than in CuCl.


Abstract Purpose A higher total score on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is associated with a higher likelihood of having suicidal ideation as well as having suicide attempt. The association of GHQ-12 with suicide attempts item by item has not been analyzed earlier. Materials and Methods In a population-based sample, aged 18 to 28 years, mental illness was assessed as self-reported during the interview. Participants were also asked to score on two specific questions concerning suicidal ideation as well as attempted suicide. The GHQ-12 total score and each of the 12 item scores of the GHQ-12 were analyzed with regression models to explain suicidality (n = 679). Results The total score of GHQ-12 differed by suicidality (Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.001). The item 6 (Felt that could not overcome difficulties) and the item 11 (Feeling oneself worthless) were associated with suicidal ideation (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.12–2.47, p = 0.01 and OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.04–2.39, p = 0.03, respectively) as well as with suicide attempts (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.54–5.16, p = 0.001 and OR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.64–5.85, p < 0.001, respectively). The item 7 (Able to enjoy normal day to day activities) was associated with suicide attempts (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.12–0.64, p = 0.003) and made the item-specific difference between those with suicidal ideation w/o suicide attempt (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.14–0.89, p = 0.03). Conclusion Being able to enjoy normal activities day to day made a difference between suicidal ideation and attempted suicide.


The utility model discloses an integrated electronic cigarette. A cigarette cap, an intelligent control panel, an air flow switch integrated device, a power supply battery, an atomizing device, an oil storage device and a cigarette holder are successively arranged in a cigarette stem, an anti-leakage one-way switch device with an airflow hole is disposed between the power supply battery and the atomizing device and is hermetically connected with the periphery of the cigarette stem, and the atomizing device and the oil storage device are seamlessly connected. The cigarette stem of the electronic cigarette is designed into an integrated structure, the anti-leakage one-way switch device which is hermetically connected with the cigarette stem is mounted on the integrated electronic cigarette, the atomizing device is in bridge connection with the oil storage device without gaps, and the problem that cigarette liquid in the oil storage device leaks outwards is effectively prevented.


Defined with respect to straight-line locomotion, to veer is to deviate from one's intended straight-line path. In the absence of sources of guidance such as a target to walk toward or a guideline to walk along, veering appears to be nearly unavoidable. This phenomenon has long been a matter of both common and scientific curiosity. Why do sighted people tend to walk in circles when they lack visual guidance? Why do blind people tend to veer when crossing quiet roads? At a Vanderbilt University conference in 1991, I used the veering of blind pedestrians to illustrate the challenges of measuring spatially directed behavior (Guth, 1992). That conference, organized by the late Everett Hill, also linked basic research to progress in the provision of rehabilitation services to people with visual impairments, and several of the authors in this volume also participated in that conference (see Hill, 1992). In this paper, I revisit the veering problem with an emphasis on what has been learned in the intervening years about the source of the problem and about its remediation. For the former, I lean heavily on recent work by Kallie, Schrater, and Legge (in press), and for the latter, I rely on work carried out in collaboration with my colleagues, LaDuke and Gesink.


Objective To study the clinical evaluation of quantitative HLA-B27 detection by flow cytometry (FCM) for diagnosing ankylostomiasis (AS). Methods Sixty-three patients with AS, 38 patients with lumbago and 47 normal peoples were analyzed by FCM. Results HLA-B27 were positive in 57 (90.4%) among 63 patients with AS, 4(10.5%) of 38 patients with lumbago and 3(6.3%) of 47 normal persons. Conclusions The positive rate of HLA-B27 in patients with AS is obviously higher than those of other groups. The detection of quantitative HLA-B27 by FCM can play an important role in the improvement of diagnosing AS.


To find a preferred conformational arrangement of the chromophore moiety and sugar part in guanosine (Guo) and deoxyguanosine (dGuo) in a water solution, we performed an exploration of the conformational spaces of both nucleosides using the semi-empirical GFN2-xTB method1 and the CREST2 driver for the xTB program3. Next, we selected the energetically most stable structures for each nucleoside and reoptimized them using the PCM/ωB97X-D/def2-TZVPP method. Our KS-DFT calculations indicate that the most stable ground-state structures in both cases (see Fig. S1) adopt the C2'-endo conformation of the sugar and the syn orientation of the nucleobase, which allows for the formation of the O5′-H· · ·N3 intramolecular hydrogen bond. Consequently, we chose these KS-DFT optimized structures for further photochemical explorations of guanine nucleosides. All ground-state calculations of the Guo-H2O cluster were performed using the ωB97X-D/def2-TZVPP method and the photochemical properties were investigated using the SCS-MP2/SCS-ADC(2)/cc-pVTZ approach. Thus, to estimate the effect of the choice of method on the equilibrium ground-state structure of Guo-H2O, we optimized the latter geometry using the ωB97X-D and SCS-MP2 methods. Fig. S2 presents complexes of guanosine with one explicit water molecule (Guo-H2O), which were optimized at the ωB97X-D/def2-TZVPP and SCS-MP2/cc-pVTZ levels of theory. Both S0 geometries are virtually identical, and it shows that the choice of method does not affect structural features of the S0 geometry of Guo-H2O.


The TRUEX process is being evaluated at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) for the separation of the actinides from acidic radioactive wastes stored at the ICPP. These efforts have culminated in a recent demonstration of the TRUEX process with actual tank waste. This demonstration was performed using 24 stages of 2-cm diameter centrifugal contactors installed in a shielded hot cell at the ICPP Remote Analytical Laboratory. An overall removal efficiency of 99.97% was obtained for the actinides. As a result, the activity of the actinides was reduced from 457 nCi/g in the feed to 0.12 nCi/g in the aqueous raffinate, which is well below the U.S. NRC Class A LLW requirement of 10 nCi/g for non-TRU waste. Iron was partially extracted by the TRUEX solvent, resulting in 23% of the Fe exiting in the strip product. Mercury was also extracted by the TRUEX solvent (76%) and stripped from the solvent in the 0.25 M Na{sub 2}CO{sub 3} wash section.


This section provides an overview of the typological profile of Shiwilu and is divided in three parts: morphological typology, constituent order typology, and other typologically-salient features. The features grouped in the third category are: consonant phonemes that are unusual crosslinguistically or unusual for the Western Amazon region, four person system, distinction between intransitive and transitive verbs, applicative affixes, instrumental/manner prefixes, classifier system, and promotional passive construction.


1. In tracing the historical development of the country's competition policy, the Commission will touch only lightly on developments prior to 1955. The factual position regarding the existing policy, as embodied in the present legislation, The Regulation of Monopolistic Conditions Act, No. 24 of 1955, and its implementation during the past 21 years, will form the main basis for the discussion in this chapter.


The report deals with the isolation of Haemophilus aphrophilus from the cerebrospinal fluid of a 20-year-old male. The patient had a pulsating pain in the posterior portion of his head and the laboratory findings were normal on admission, with the exception of the cerebrospinal fluid which showed increased pressure, a slightly lowered sugar level, and some cells. On the 4th day of hospitalization the patient's temperature rose to 103.4 F. and the cerebrospinal fluid contained 685 mg. per 100 ml. of protein and 0 mg. per 100 ml. of sugar, although all of the other laboratory tests were normal. The organism was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid, after the individual died on the 4th day of hospitalization. It grew well on blood and chocolate agars and the biochemical tests were found to be characteristic of H. aphrophilus .


Banking secrecy, one of the pillars of the functioning of financial systems, has undergone major changes lately, even in countries known for compliance. This shows a significant transformation of global economic-financial paradigms under increasingly strong pressure of the crisis. Automatic exchange of information is considered one of the most effective tools for combating tax evasion, providing essential information on the authorities' foreign income of individuals to assess and collect related fees.


The electrically active defects in epitaxial germanium layers grown selectively on silicon-shallow trench isolation (STI) wafers have been investigated by means of p+-n junction characterization. The main focus is on the capacitance-voltage (C-V) analysis in reverse operation. A pronounced frequency dispersion in the C-V characteristics has been found for Ge Si-STI layers, while this is not the case for thick epitaxial Ge on Si layers, which contain a significantly lower density of threading dislocations. It is shown that the apparent free carrier density profile derived from the C-V plot at high frequency exhibits a pronounced overshoot in the vicinity of the Ge–Si heterointerface. However, this feature is not only determined by the band offset between the Ge and Si conduction band edges but also by the high density of extended defects and associated deep levels present near the interface. Finally, the impact of a postgrowth high-temperature annealing on the electrical properties of Ge Si-STI epitaxial l...


Childhood gender identity development is reviewed in the context of biological, environmental, cultural, and diagnostic factors. With the upcoming 5th revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the authors offer a critical consideration of childhood gender identity disorder, along with proposed diagnostic changes. They argue that meaningful understanding of issues surrounding gender identity is necessary for a conscientious assessment and diagnostic process that does not pathologize human diversity.


The synthesis of neopetrosins A and C, two 2-indolyl C-α-d-mannopyranosides, and their congeners has been realized via a direct Ni/photoredox-catalyzed reductive coupling of 3-methoxycarbonyl-2-iodo-1H-indoles with pyranosyl bromides.


The objective of this project is to further optimize the suspension system of a Formula SAE race car with steering system included. The suspension system is designed based on unequal length double wishbone suspension system. Several changes had been made for the new car with the usage of hybrid composite-spaced frame chassis and single cylinder engine.


The energy efficiency of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) has improved steadily over the past 40 years, with the best reported ADC efficiency improving by nearly six orders of magnitude over the same period. The best figure-of-merit (FoM) is achieved with a limited class of ADC in terms of resolution and speed, but the coverage of the best FoM ADC has been expended. Many ADCs with the record FoM open up new applications and often incorporate multiple combinations of architectural and circuit innovations. It would be very interesting to follow a path of relentless optimization that could be useful to further expand the operating bandwidth of energy-efficient ADCs. To help along this path, this review article discusses the design techniques that focus on optimizing energy efficiency, involving successive approximation, pipelining, noise-shaping, and continuous-time operation.


Cyberinsurance is a powerful tool to align market incentives toward improving Internet security. We trace the evolution of cyberinsurance from traditional insurance policies to early cyber-risk insurance policies to current comprehensive cyberinsurance products. We find that increasing Internet security risk in combination with the need for compliance with recent corporate legislation has contributed significantly to the demand for cyberinsurance. Cyberinsurance policies have become more comprehensive as insurers better understand the risk landscape and specific business needs. More specifically, cyberinsurers are addressing what used to be considered insurmountable problems (e.g., adverse selection/asymmetric information, moral hazard, etc.) that could lead to a failure of this market solution. Although some implementation issues remain, we suggest the future development of cyberinsurance will resolve these issues as evidenced by insurance solutions in other risk domains.


Investigations were conducted on the microalgae community in high-level prawn ponds of Litopenaeus annamei.A total of 26 microalgae species were identified during the period of investigation.Of these,10 species were Chlorophyta,7 were Pyrrophyta,4 were Euglenophyta,2 each were Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta,and 1 was Chrysophyceae.In high-level prawn ponds,Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Oscillatoria chlorine were the dominant species in the later phases of the culture period,contributing more than 90% of the total microalgae.The number of microalgae was in the range of 5.13×108~4.01×109 ind/L,biomass 42.92~181.73 mg/L.The averages of Shannon-Wiener index and biomass diversity index were 1.01~1.30 and 1.83~2.27,respectively.The three dominant groups of phytoplankton(Cyanophyta,Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta) consisted of phytoplankton community structure in the final culture phases.


The study involved characterization of physical, chemical, and biologicalproperties of a severely disturbed soil in Kamburupitiya, which has beenpreviously maintained under agroforestry. The bulk density, true density, and porosity of the soil were l.163 gcrrr', 2.14gcrrr' and 45.6% respectively, with a water holding capacity of 28.5%. The percent organic matter and N in the soil were 0.451 and 0.0088, respectively,whereas the corresponding values in an undisturbed neighboring site, were 1,214and and 0.095. The cation exchange capacity of the degraded soil was 4.71 m.e.per 100g. of soil and had a H value of 4.2. The corresponding figures for thereference site were 7.4 and 5.43, respectively. Biological activity of the soil asmeasured by soil respirometry, amounted to 0.716 mg COilOOOg of soil/hr andl.355 mg CO2/lOOOg. of soil/hr in disturbed and undisturbed soil, respectively.No macro fauna was evident in the soil. Even after 12 years of disturbance, soilregeneration was extremely slow, thus agronomic interventions prove important toaccelerate the soil restoration process


The present invention discloses a method of MIMO two-way relaying information processing system of the wireless communications art, the steps of: transmitting a training sequence of the source node to the relay, the relay performs channel estimation process to obtain between the source node and the relay 1 and the estimated channel estimation error variance; source relay node to transmit a training sequence 2, the relay performs channel estimation process, and to obtain an estimated channel estimation error variance between the source node and the relay 2; relaying obtained based on the estimated channel, applying an iterative algorithm and the reception processing matrix matrix relay node; the source node, respectively, a transmit signal to the relay; relay linear signal processing, and forwarded to the two destination nodes; two destination node from the interference cancellation process; node of the processed signal from the interference cancellation detection process, to complete the exchange of information between the two source nodes. The present invention contemplates a channel estimation error, can effectively improve the mean square error and the bit error rate performance of the system.


The invention discloses a high-strength heat-resisting aluminum alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1.0-10.0 percent of Cu, 0.05-1.5 percent of Mn, 0.01-0.5 percent of Cd, 0.01-0.5 percent of Ti, 0.0001-0.15 percent of C, 0.01-1.0 percent of Zr, 0.01-1.0 percent of Sc, 0.01-1.0 percent of Cr, 0.05-5 percent of RE, and the balance of Al. In the invention, a high-quality melt, solid solution and a phase diagram theory are taken as guidance, and a preferable formula of principal alloy elements, namely Cu, Mn and RE is adopted, so that alloy quasi-solid phase temperature range is narrowed; a C element is taken as an efficient modifier, so that problems such as high heat crack tendency during casting, low strength of a product at high temperature and the like are solved; and a preferable formula of low-cost multiple microalloying elements is adopted to create a material base condition for the cultivation and grain refining of high temperature phase and strengthening phase in solid solution, so that the high-strength heat-resisting aluminum alloy material is finally developed.


Due to the limited network bandwidth and the fact that the 3D animation data are very huge,it will take a long time to transmit the data of 3D animation through network on one time.As a result,it can't be smoothly displayed in real-time as the transmitted 3D animation data are incomplete.The key technology of WebGL based 3D animation is presented,such as model files preload and transmission of compressed files,et al.Under the condition of limited bandwidth,the proposed approach has the capability to transmit 3D animation content to the client in real time.The 3D model is created and rendered by WebGL,and users can view and interact with the 3D digital animation in high-speed through the browser.


We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) to map the large-scale atomic and molecular gas in the nearby (4 Mpc) Circinus galaxy. The ATCA HI mosaic of Circinus exhibits the warps in position angle and inclination revealed in the single-pointing image of Jones et al., both of which appear to settle beyond the inner 30 kpc which was previously imaged. The molecular gas has been mapped in both the CO J = 1 → 0 and J = 2 → 1 transitions down to a column density of N H2 ≥10 21 cm -2 (3σ), where we derive a total molecular gas mass of M H2 ≈ 2 x 10 9 M ⊙ . Within a radius of 3 kpc, i.e. where CO was clearly detected, the molecular fraction climbs steeply from ≈0.7 to unity (where N H2 = 4 x 10 22 cm -2 , cf. N H1 = 10 21 cm -2 ) with proximity to the nucleus. Our Hi mosaic gives an atomic gas mass of M HI ≈ 6 x 10 9 M ⊙ , which is 70 per cent of the fully mapped single dish value. Combining the atomic and molecular gas masses gives a total gas mass of M gas ≡ M HI + M H2 ≈ 1 x 10 10 M ⊙ , cf. the total dynamical mass of ≈ 3 x 10 11 M ⊙ within the inner 50 kpc of our mosaiced image. The total neutral gas mass to dynamical mass ratio is therefore 3 per cent, consistent with the SAS3 (Third Small Astronomy Satellite) classification of Circinus. The high (molecular) gas mass fraction of M H2 /M dyn ≈ 50 per cent found by Curran et al., only occurs close to the central ≈0.5 kpc and falls to ≤10 per cent within and outwith this region, allaying previous concerns regarding the validity of applying the Galactic N H2 /Ι CΟ conversion ratio to Circinus. The rotation curve, as traced by both the H i and CO, exhibits a steep dip at ≈ 1 kpc, the edge of the atomic/molecular ring, within which the starburst is occurring. We find the atomic and molecular gases to trace different kinematical features and believe that the fastest part (≥130km s -1 ) of the subkpc ring consists overwhelmingly of molecular gas. Beyond the inner kpc, the velocity climbs to settle into a solid body rotation of ≈150 km s-1 at ≥10kpc. Most of the starlight emanates from within this radius and so much of the dynamical mass, which remains climbing to the limit of our data (≥50 kpc), must be due to the dark matter halo.


Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp were reared in a bioflocs system and fed different levels of soybean protein concentrate as a replacement for fishmeal, and both immunological parameters of this marine shrimp and its resistance to Vibrio sp. infection (CPQBA 378-12 DRM01) were evaluated. Four different diets were formulated with 0, 33, 66 and 100 % of soybean protein concentrate as a substitute for fishmeal. Shrimp were reared in a biofloc system in twelve 800 L tanks (250 shrimp m-3) maintained at constant aeration and temperature. After 42 days, 36 animals (14.21 ± 0.89 g) per treatment were challenged with Vibrio sp. (1 x 105 CFU mL-1 – LD10), and hemolymph was collected before and after challenge to perform immunological assays (agglutination titer, concentration of protein and phenoloxidase activity). Shrimp fed with the experimental diets showed no difference in their resistance to infection and haemato-immunological parameters. Thus, rearing L. vannamei in a biofloc system on diets containing either partial or total replacement of fishmeal for soybean protein concentrate did not affect either immunocompetence or susceptibility to infection.


Electrophysiologic considerations Mechanism of cardiac arrhythmias Pharmacologic considerations Clinical considerations and therapeutic implications Controlling cardiac arrhythmias by prolonging repolarization Emerging class III compounds of potential clinical utility Non-pharmacologic approaches to cardiac arrhythmias Future perspectives.


Based on the acoustic transfer vector concept(ATV),the application approach to structural acoustic radiated prediction using the ATV technology for I.C.engine was studied.Taking a four-cylinder diesel engine as an example,acoustic response such as the entire engine's radiation power,the field point sound pressure level and the panel acoustic contribution,radiation efficiency etc.was calculated.It shows that the ATV technology,based on the vibro-acoustic relationship between the engine vibrations and the acoustic pressure field,is an effective approach to quickly evaluate the vibro-acoustic response in the engine development process.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand how "good" HR practice is characterised in SMEs and what the drivers are for adopting this good practice. The paper also explores methods for measuring the impact of HR practice which are helpful and realistic in the context of an SME. Design/methodology/approach – The research was carried out in one SME, a bakery based in South Yorkshire. It was an action research project which utilised semi-structured interviews, participant observation on the factory floor and analysis of company documentation in the diagnosis phase. In addition, reflections on action interventions have informed the findings, together with post-project, semi-structured interviews with key actors three years after the completion of the project. Findings – The drivers of good HR practice were found to be size, market position, external "coercive networks", presenting issues, the ideology of the managing director and the energy of an HR champion. The findings demonstrate that the impact...


Marked changes in the relative toxicity of topically-applied abamectin were found between larval instars of Spodoptera littoralis, toxicity decreasing up to the fifth instar but increasing over 500-fold (at LD50 level) in the sixth instar. By contrast, the toxicity of abamectin remained constant from fifth to sixth instar Heliothis armigera and there was an increase in the toxicity of two chemically unrelated insecticides, malathion (4-fold) and lambda-cyhalothrin (2.5-fold), from fifth to sixth instar S. littoralis. Prior topical application or injection of the microsomal oxidase inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide (PB) increased the toxicity of abamectin (6–8 and 16-fold respectively) against fifth instar S. littoralis, while topically-applied PB increased the proportion of radioactivity present as abamectin in the ventral nerve cord of this instar following topical application with [3H]abamectin. Topically-applied PB also enhanced the toxicity of abamectin against third (4-fold) and fourth instar (5-fold) S. littoralis but had no significant effect on sixth instar S. littoralis, fifth instar H. armigera, or on the toxicity of malathion and lambda-cyhalothrin against fifth instar S. littoralis. Topical application of the esterase inhibitor, S,S,S-tributyl phosphorothioate (DEF) significantly increased the toxicity of abamectin at the LD50 level (3-fold) against fifth instar S. littoralis. The toxicity of injected abamectin against fifth instar S. littoralis was greater (20-fold) than with topical application but injected abamectin was less toxic (2-fold) against sixth instar S. littoralis and had no significant effect on fifth instar H. armigera. It is suggested that differential toxicity of abamectin is due in part to greater metabolism and reduced penetration in fifth instar S. littoralis than in sixth instar S. littoralis or fifth instar H. armigera.


Wetting of chemically heterogeneous surfaces is modeled using phase field theory. Phase field theory involves constructing a coarse-grained free energy functional. A kinetic evolution equation is developed based on this free energy functional, which allows the phase field to evolve following a variational derivative of the free energy functional with respect to the phase field variable. Contact angle hysteresis is incorporated by a modified kinetic parameter. Using this model, we demonstrate the effect of variation in the length scale of a chemically heterogeneous surface as deviation from the Cassie theory for a surface with a finite length scale. We demonstrate the realm of applicability of Cassie theory as being for surfaces where the component materials are intricately alloyed such that they are not discernible on the length scale associated with the thickness of the diffuse molecular interface. In this context, the interface between the wetted and non-wetted regions is a diffuse interface suffering steep but continuous changes from wetted to non-wetted regions. When the length scale associated with either of the component materials is greater than the interface thickness, the specific arrangement of the materials affects the evolution and shape of the three-phase contact line, and thereby affecting the macroscopic contact angle. These results are of importance to surface designers for a range of applications, where targeted wetting characteristics can be achieved by suitably alloying component materials.


To investigate the bolt torque attenuation feature of PEMFC stack under static test and vibration test conditions, 2-hour static test and 300-hour enhanced road vibration test were carried out in turn. The results show that the attenuation of bolt torque are related to their locations during the static test, also the attenuation of bolt torque is obviously related to their locations during the 300-hour vibration test. Moreover, the test results also show that there are different regularities in different vibration test periods.


Here is an audio slideshow of a recent presentation by our Academic Director Dr John McGowan and regular supervisor Dr Lucy Hickey of Oxleas NHS Trust. This is based on a presentation they gave to the European Symposium of Suicide and Suicidal Behavior in September 2012. It offers a model for clinical decision making when confronted with the risk of suicide or self-harm.


For original paper see ibid., vol.13, p.183 (1983). It is shown that, contrary to the supposition of Takacs and Hargitai, there is no conclusive experimental evidence for a substantially reduced atomic magnetic moment in amorphous iron.


A high-performance 3D RF transceiver with improved through-silicon via (TSV) geometry and matching for future 3D stacked memory has been introduced. It utilizes optimization method to achieve impedance matching and maximize signal integrity. TSV is accurately modeled using 3D EM solver tool (HFSS) with the matching network to generate S-parameter accurately. The proposed transceiver scheme is simulated in 65nm CMOS technology at 1V. The results show that the whole structure consumes 11.32mW and accomplishes data rate of 4Gb/s/pin.


The corresponding author alerted SAGE to errors in the article with regard to Table 2 on page 11, which presents the comparison results between the multi-agent approach and two traditional approaches. In the initial experiments, errors in module design and programming resulted in inefficiencies in the programs written with object-oriented and componentbased approaches, which introduce significant bias in the time cost and code amounts and therefore compromises the findings.


We present a class of scalar-tensor gravity theories which admit simple Friedmann cosmological models in the vacuum and radiation-dominated cases. A subclass of these theories yields a one-parameter family of cosmological models displaying either expansion from an initial singularity or a bounce following contraction from an infinitely extended initial state.


This study is to articulate the contemporary meaning of Christian nurture in family in terms of the educational thoughts of Horace Bushnell and to figure out their implications in extending possible implications for today's Christian family. Horace Bushnell is considered by many to be the father of the Christian education movement. He is called the most creative Protestant theologian of the 20 th century and the father of American religious liberalism in the United States. This article focuses on the meaning of Christian nurture for Christian families that are in crisis today in light of Bushnell's theological perspective and ministerial focus upon Christian family nurture. This study will discuss a variety of concepts: the Covenant of Promise by God, infant baptism, subjects of spiritual formation, the role of parents, piety as educational purpose, and the educational context of the home. It will figure out briefly the implications of Christian nurture for today's Christian family, addressing Christian family values and the nurturing of children's spirituality. The study will discuss its contemporary meaning as a possible way for developing Christian nurture in families. This development includes a trust relationship between parents and children In terms of social capital both within and outside of the family. This study will discuss Christian family resources of the faith community and the Church, and developing the networks between families for effective parenting in the home.


A search procedure is presented for discrete-valued dynamic programming problems with the objective of minimising the sum of convex functions. This procedure may be more efficient than available methods if the sum is to be minimized over a uniform grid of values of the state variable. Furthermore, the procedure can be used to reduce the computational effort if only some of the return functions have a special structure.


"I appear in opposition to Section 11 of H.R. 270 and 2836 (Also appearing as Section 11 of s. 500), which provision would permit the City and County of Denver to acquire by purchase water rights and other property rights of the United States Government in connection with that City's proposed diversion of waters from the Blue River on the Western Slope of Colorado, through the proposed Montezuma Tunnel to the Eastern Slope of Colorado."


We have successfully generated a 10-GHz 8.7-ps pulse train at 850 nm by using a gain switching technique with a high-speed AlGaAs-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The VCSEL, which operates in a single transverse mode by employing an aluminum oxide aperture, has a modulation bandwidth of 6.3 GHz and a relaxation oscillation frequency at around 11.7 GHz. An error-free 10-Gb/s return-to-zero data modulation was demonstrated by using the generated 10-GHz pulse train.


package DIRECT FILES is t ype RANDOM FILE is p r iva te ; p r iva te type RANDOM FILE is rec~d POSITION : integer; . EOF : boolean; BUFFER : a r ray (0..1024) of c h a r a c t e r ; end end DIRECT_FILES; As the above example i l lus t ra tes , the s t r u c t u r e of a p r iva t e type is dec la red in the pac kage spec i f i ca t ion . The major impl i ca t ion of this a r r a n g e m e n t is t ha t if the p r iva t e type changes , any p a c k a g e t h a t uses tha t type mus t be r ecompi l ed . This f e a t u r e of Ada makes sys t em design and p ro to typ ing more c u m b e r s o m e . Pa ckage spec i f i ca t ions a re w r i t t e n as a s t ep in ear ly sys tem design. Ada fo rces the p r o g r a m m e r to dec ide on the s t r u c t u r e of p r iva te types a t this s tage . Since it is d i f f i cu l t to p red i c t such details~ it is very l ikely tha t p r iva te types will change . Recompi l ing large par t s of a sys tem, can be a t ime consuming and a f r u s t r a t i n g process (especia l ly if packages tha t should be r ecompi l ed we ren ' t , or if compi l a t i on was p e r f o r m e d in the wrong order) . P ro to typ ing is d i f f i cu l t i n Ada, especia l ly if the d e v e l o p m e n t of var ious packages occurs concu r r en t l y (a l ikely s i tua t ion in a large d e v e l o p m e n t


Yiguandao is the largest national secret organization in China's modern history.From the time when Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out to 1949 when the KMT retreated to Taiwan,the Japanese invaders(including the puppet government)and the government in Nanjing are political forces in power in Yiguandao's major influential area.Yiguandao colluded and cooperated with the ruling political forces,and formd a relationship of mutual use as well.In order to take control of China,Japanese invaders used Yiguandao to beautify their aggressive policies,to raise military supplies and to get intelligence.Meanwhile the reactionary forces in Kuomintang used Yidaokuan to spread anti-communist opinion,spying on Chinese Communist Party's military intelligence,and attacking the liberated areas and so on.Yiguandao for their own benefits also relied on the ruling forces of that time,so that they survived under the ruling forces,and expanded their organization.


A power conversion system (10) comprising a plurality of modules (14) each having an input (16) and an output (17) and being connected in series. Each module (4) is connected to at least one DC power source (12) that supplies power to the module (14). Voltage control circuitry provided within each of the modules (14) to vary the voltage supplied between the input (16) and the output (17) between a maximum module voltage and a minimum module voltage. A control unit (29) in communication with the voltage control circuitry of each of the modules (14) varies the voltage supplied across the input (16) and output (17) of each of the modules (14) such that the total voltage across the series connected modules (14) forms an AC signal or a rectified version of an AC signal.


Presents the results of investigation of fabrics' and fused systems shrinkage force and its influence on the shape instability of fused textile systems after various treatments such as wetting and drying. Also the method for determination and prediction of the twisting phenomenon of fused composites is presented. From the analysis of the data the twisting phenomenon was characterised by several parameters. They are system's twisting sign, the shape of twisted system, the twisting coefficient and fused system's twisting direction.


The invention relates to a finishing machining system based on a flexible controlled air pressure grinding wheel, which comprises a flexible controlled air pressure grinding wheel finishing tool, wherein the flexible controlled air pressure grinding wheel finishing tool is arranged above a working table and contacted with a machining workpiece of the working table; the flexible controlled air pressure grinding wheel finishing tool is connected with a driving device, a rotating control system for controlling the flexible controlled air pressure grinding wheel to rotate, an air pressure control system for providing air pressure, and a robot for controlling the walking route, retention time and deflection gestures of the flexible controlled air pressure grinding wheel; and the flexible controlled air pressure grinding wheel consists of an annular flexible air pressure grinding wheel and a grinding wheel supporting body, the annular flexible air pressure grinding wheel has an annular hollow structure and consists of an elastic support and a grinding and polishing layer connected on the elastic support, the annular flexible air pressure grinding wheel is arranged on the grinding wheel supporting body and form an inner cavity with the grinding wheel supporting body, and the inner cavity is communicated with the air pressure control system. The finishing machining system has the advantages of high material removal rate and high finishing machining quality.


The businesses in the airline industry produce profits as global player. The economic development, the increased income level of people, and increase of leasure time require the better abd various airline service products from the airline companies. In this study, we studied the impact of the Ttuth on Organizational Commitment, Prosocial Behavior of Airline Flight Attendant. We Set up a Research Model and assumptions based on the existing related literature. Plus, an Conformatory factor analysis of the impact via survey targeting the sample which were selected from the Airline staffs.


This is an analytical retrospective case control hospital based study conducted in Ibn Sena hospital in Khartoum state, during the period from April to August 2016. The study aimed to detect CK5/6 expression in bladder tumors using immunohistochemistry. Forty paraffin embedded blocks previously diagnosed as bladder tumors were collected. Samples include 30(75%) malignant tumors, (including transitional cell carcinoma 28(70%), adenocarcinoma 2(5%) samples) and 10(25%) bengin samples. The patient's age ranged between 49 and 70 years with mean age of 59 years, most patients were more than 55 years representing 22(55 %) and the remaining 18(45%) patients were less than 55 years. One section of 3micrometer thickness was cut from each paraffin block by rotary microtome and stained by immunohistochemical method (indirect streptoavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique) for detection of CK5/6. Data collected from patients files and results obtained were analyzed using SPSS computer program. Immunohistochemical expression of CK5/6 was revealed positive result in 20/30 samples and negative result in 10/30 samples in malignant tumors, while all benign tumors gave positive result for CK5/6 (10/10), with significant statistical association between CK5/6 expression and histopathology diagnosis (P =0.035). This study concludes that CK5/6 expression is associated with bengin forms of bladder tumors.


The purpose of this work is to analyze the answers elaborated by students of the first year of the language and literature course in written tests, and to observe the main argumentative strategies used to persuade the teacher.


This study aimed to determine the important clinical management bottlenecks that contribute to underuse of weight loss surgery (WLS) and assess risk factors for attrition at each of them.


The interest in socialist thought arose in Japan soon after her emergence in the 1860's from feudal seclusion, and socialism as a political movement became crystallized at the turn of the century through the formation of the Social Democratic Party led by Sen Katayama and others. This group, though suppressed, led the fight against the Russo-Japanese war; and it was quite symbolic that at the meeting of the Second International in the very summer of the war's outbreak, Katayama shook hands dramatically on the stage with Plekhanov who was then representing Russia. The close relations which were sustained between the Japanese socialist movement and Russian communism were firmly established then, and naturally became closer after the October Revolution.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


It has been known for several decades that the electric current through tunneling junctions is affected by irradiation. In particular, photon-assisted currents by asymmetric irradiation of the two leads was demonstrated and studied extensively in tunneling junctions of different compositions and for different radiation wavelengths. In this work, this phenomenon is revisited in the context of single molecule junctions. Restricting the theoretical discussion to adiabatic periodic driving of one lead with respect to the other within a non-interacting electron formulation, the main features of specific molecules are encoded in the discrete electronic energy levels. The detailed level structure of the molecule is shown to yield new effects in the presence of asymmetric driving of the leads. In particular, when the field-free tunneling process is dominated by a single electronic level, the electric current can be suppressed to zero or flow against the direction of an applied static bias. In the presence of a se...


The traffic adaptive 2-level active period control has been proposed for performance enhancement in cluster-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) employing IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) under temporal and geographical non-uniform traffic distribution. This paper proposes an adaptive backoff window control method for the traffic adaptive 2-level active period control. The proposed method adjusts the backoff window size according to the length of current active period, which is determined by the 2-level active period control, and the point of channel access in the active period and the elapsed time for transmitting packets. The results evaluated by computer simulation show that the proposed method can improve the throughput performance as well as energy efficiency in the cluster-based WSNs with non-uniform traffic distribution.


This paper presents a citarasa based vehicle planning system, which is driven by the citarasa engineering model, as described in another paper in this symposium. The system is intended to support product planners of automotive companies in planning vehicle development, and forecast of new vehicle designs. Additionally, they can conduct online customer survey and analyze the data instantly. They can also find the most frequent citarasa descriptors used by customers in different market segments, besides exploring new citarasa descriptors. The system maps customer citarasa to design parameters via DECA method to generate optimal design solutions. The system is linked to the Do-It-Yourself Design system, to enable mass customization by customers.


The objective of this study was to compare the genetic gain estimates obtained by different selection strategies for identification of Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla genotypes with specific environmental adaptation. The genetic progress obtained by mass selection, stratified mass selection, selection among and within families and combined selection was evaluated in thr ee contrasting environments. Variance analysis showed a significant difference at 1% of probability according to the F test among the different genotypes evaluated in these three environments. This genetic divergence was observed in all the evaluated traits: diameter at breast height, plant height and wood volume, allowing inferring the existence of genetic variability among families. The hybrid population studied presents good yield potential and genetic variability to be explored by selection. The selection methods showed similar estimates of genetic progress, supporting the decision to use the most practical strategies.


A vertical polarized antenna array operating in frequency bands 423–443, 840–930, 1525–1625, 2400–2500 and 5725–5850 MHz is presented. The radiators are made in a shape of stacked patches excited by metal strips located under the radiating patches. The radiating patch of the lowest frequency band 423–443 MHz is made in the form of a printed circuit board and acts as a reflector for radiators operating at other frequency bands. Such two-storey structure provides small dimensions of the antenna array. The results of simulation are compared with the measured radiation patterns and S parametes of the manufactured antenna array.


Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important diagnostic tool for swellings in the thyroid, salivary gland, breast lump and enlarged lymph nodes. Very few studies have been done to explore the potential of FNAC in the diagnoses of intraoral lesions. Hence the present study was done to find out the efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis of intraoral lesions. AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the diagnosis of intraoral lesions. MATERIALS & METHODS: A prospective study on 88 cases presented with intraoral lesions was done from August 2010 to July 2012. Cases of intraoral Cases having both FNACs along with biopsy correlation were included. OBSERVATIONS/RESULTS: The age group ranged from 12-83 years with male: female ratio of 1.6:1. The most common sites of aspiration were tongue in 28 cases, followed by buccal mucosa in 24 and other sites 42 cases. The lesions reported on FNAC were malignant tumors in 44(50%), benign lesions 39 (44.31%) and suspicious for malignancy 5(5.69%) cases. False negative and false positive were 6 and 2 cases respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma was the common malignant tumor. Overall sensitivity of 88%, specificity 95.6% and diagnostic accuracy of 91.6% was obtained in our study. CONCLUSION: We conclude that FNAC is one of the important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of intraoral lesions. The results of our study suggest, it should be considered as first line of investigation, especially in clinically suspected malignant tumors.


The invention relates to an aviation turbocharged internal combustion engine, belonging to the technical field of engines. The aviation turbocharged internal combustion engine is improved on the basis of an ROTAX914F engine body (an original engine for short), keeps the basic structure form and the maximum power of the original engine unchanged and is used for improving the high-altitude power of the engine body through the optimized matching of a turbocharger, a turbocharging controller and an intercooler, and therefore the turbocharged internal combustion engine can adopt to a high-altitude flight task of a high-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle on the whole.


This chapter analyzes events after Joseph Banks's return from his three-year voyage on the HMS Endeavour. It looks into Banks's accomplished examination of the natural history of lands and the anthropology of people previously unstudied, in which he returned triumphant and bore a wealth ofspecimens and knowledge. The chapter describes the peak of Banks's fame when he was presented by Lord Beauchamp to King George III at the Court of St James's and accompanied by Daniel Solander, who became known as the first Swede to circumnavigate the globe. It mentions Banks's cold attitude towards Harriet Blosset, his former betrothed, when he returned to London. It also talks about how Harriet behaved with far more decorum and maturity than Banks throughout the unpleasantries.