One kind of EUV mirror arrangement (100), arranged side by side and together form having a plurality of mirror elements (110, 111) of the mirror surface of a mirror arrangement with each other. Each mirror element has a substrate (120) and a multilayer arrangement (130), the multi-layer arrangement is applied to the substrate, and on the radiation from the extreme ultraviolet range (EUV) having a reflection effect, the multilayer arrangement comprising a plurality of layers (135), the layer of the alternating layers having a high refractive index material and a layer of low refractive index layer material. The multilayer arrangement having an active layer (140), the active layer is disposed between the radiation entrance surface and the substrate, the active layer by a piezoelectric material, the layer thickness may be changed (z of the active layer by the action of an electric field ); for each of the active layer, an electrode arrangement for generating an electric field acting on the active layer.


PURPOSE: A method and a device for adaptive recording for a high density recording system are provided to make the size of domains uniform by varying the output level of a recording pulse waveform according to the size of a mark of an input NRZI data or the previous-and-after relation of spaces, thereby minimizing the jitter and improving the performance of the system. CONSTITUTION: An adaptive recording device for a high density recording system includes a data discrimination part(310) having a table storing optimized power level setting data per mark. The data discrimination part outputs power level data to an adder(380) by discriminating previous-and-after relation of spaces and the size of the mark by inputting NRZI data. A recording pulse generating part(340) generates a recording pulse according to a pulse width data which controls a recording pulse waveform applied from a recording waveform control part(320). A laser diode driving part(350) is applied with a control signal for controlling the flow of current of respective channels for the recording pulse. The laser diode driving part drives a laser diode(352) by converting the power of the respective channel to a current by a control time corresponding to a control signal which controls the flow of the respective channel current.


INTRODUCTION Malaria, a disease caused by the parasite of the genus Plasmodium, remains major public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. 214 million cases of malaria and over 438,000 deaths occurred globally in 2015 [1]. 58% of the malaria deaths occurred in the poorest 20% of the world's population, and these patients receive only poor quality care and have catastrophic economic consequences from their illness [2]. In India, malaria is one of the most common infectious diseases among tribal population with 22.6% of clinical episodes due to Plasmodium falciparum and 42% of episodes due to Plasmodium vivax globally [3,4]. In Odisha, eastern state of India, malaria is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the tribal population [5]. In many other states of India, malaria transmission intensity varies with season with high transmission after the monsoon rains in autumn and winter. In such conditions, a suitable control strategy implemented during these seasons may have a good impact on the reduction of malaria burden. Malaria infection can be prevented using (anti-liver stage) chemoprophylaxis. However, most of the available drugs are confronted with the evolution of drug resistance [6-8]. On the other hand, the safety is a major concern in chemoprophylaxis. Views expressed are personal and do not represent the views of the employers ABSTRACT Background: An unceasing threat of resistance of malarial parasites to available antimalarial drugs makes the development of new drugs imperative. Natural plant-based products are an alternative source for discovering new antimalarial drugs. Aim: To determine the prophylactic efficacy of a traditionally used plant-based drug on prevention of malaria in endemic villages of Odisha, India. Methods: A total of 267 healthy human volunteers of both sexes, aged 18-60 years were enrolled in Odisha, India, to receive either minimum 20 doses of aqueous extract of Traditional Plant-based Malaria Prophylactic drug 74, twice a week (experimental group), or no drug (control group) for 14 weeks. The primary criterion was the occurrence of malaria positive cases confirmed through expert microscopy during the study period. Analyses were by per-protocol (PP) and modified intention-to-treat (mITT). Results: A significant (P < 0.01) reduction (64%) of malaria incidence was observed in the experimental group compared to control group, 12.3% and 26.6%, respectively, as PP analysis. However, the reduction was nonsignificant as per mITT analysis (P = 0.22). The experimental group showed a relative risk of 0.36 compared to control group. Conclusion: This preliminary …


We introduce a new binary message-passing decoding method for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The proposed decoding principle does not require the degree information of variable nodes and can be applied to both time invariant and time-variant decoding algorithms. We present the extrinsic error probability analysis and decoding threshold optimization for the new decoding method in both time-invariant and time-variant decoding scenarios. Both theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the proposed method provides the same performance as the existing methods for both time-invariant and time-variant decoding, while the proposed new method facilitates efficient circuit implementations of the LDPC decoder since it does not require the degree information.


Several psycholinguistic theories have appealed to the linguistic notion of markedness to help explain asymmetrical patterns of behavioural data. We suggest that this sort of markedness is best thought of as a derived rather than a primitive notion, emerging when the distributional properties of linguistic categories interact with general-purpose category learning mechanisms. To test this claim, four category learning experiments were conducted in which the stimuli were spoken nonsense words (Experiments 1 and 4), musical phrases (Experiment 2), or pictures of robots (Experiment 3). In each experiment, the base rates and variability of the categories were manipulated. A broadly similar pattern of markedness-like behaviour was seen in all three experiments. Our findings highlight the potential role of general-purpose learning mechanisms in theorising about linguistic categories.


In an essay our Canadian colleague G. H. STEVENSON reflects on the theme "Armchair Psychiatry: perhaps all of us should set aside a little time each day for armchair reveries". This is good advice for us who are doctors in psychiatry, where theories and realities always provide material for consideration and co-ordinated endeavour. The views I now summarize are based on my experiences from 1940 to 1964 as Medical Superintendent of a mental hospital in a large Swedish city. In order to be able to make an immediate survey of the individual and general situation of the clinic, I drew up in 1940 a central case record index for Clinic I an index which by 1964 included about 6000 female patients with detailed data and also a continuous record of development trends in connection with the clinical and administrative projects begun and gradually completed. It is important to study the structure of a clinic by uniform criticism over a long period of time. Lillhagen Hospital, built in 1933, was considered one of the best technically administratively planned and operating mental hospitals of its time. Rapid and drastic development soon made it necessary for us, however, to effect extensive reconstructions. The main lines we have followed have been reported in a series of publications in the medical press. My present exposition is a concentrated retrospect over the Clinic's 25-year-old history and status. Our medical programme has aimed a,t building up an active neuTo~s~chiatric clinic with distinctly marked c ~ i n i ~ a ~ directives. In a series of investigations in Norwegian mental hospitals from the 1920s to the 1950s, ~ D E G ~ R D has shown, firstly, that the revolutionary


Previous research has shown that additions of lithium compounds to concrete can delay or mitigate alkali-silica reactivity (ASR) in hardened concrete. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of intergrinding lithium compounds with portland cement to produce an "ASR-resistant" cement. Cements containing lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide monohydrate were produced and tested to determine the optimum sulfate content. Trial production runs were performed using a scale model closed circuit mill to produce cements with increased levels of lithium to determine the minimum lithium to cement alkali ratio required to mitigate ASR. Extensive physical tests were performed on the pastes, mortars, and concrete prepared from the lithium-containing cements to study the effect of lithium on cement properties. The required level of lithium hydroxide monohydrate to mitigate ASR was determined to be equivalent to that of the cement equivalent sodium oxide (Na2O) content. Compressive strength measurements of mortars indicate that the long-term compressive strength is slightly increased in the presence of lithium hydroxide. Observations of concretes produced with lithiated and control cements revealed that ASR gel was present in all concrete regardless of lithium content. However, less gel was evident in concrete produced with cements containing lithium.


Whole blood therapy—which contains the ideal balance of components, and particularly fresh whole blood—has been shown to be beneficial in adult trauma. It remains unclear whether there is potential benefit in the pediatric population.


Amplitudes of electromagnetic fields in the near zone of aperture antennas are investigated theoretically. Amplitude distributions of the field on the aperture are homogeneous and cosine ones. The influence of quadratic phase distributions of the field on the aperture is investigated. It is shown that they allow supporting near to uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field power on some limited planes parallel to the aperture or inside of some volume in the near zone of the antenna.


When combined sewer systems were introduced in 1855, they were hailed as a vast improvement over urban cesspool ditches that ran along city streets and spilled over when it rained. These networks of underground pipes were designed to dry out streets by collecting rainwater runoff, domestic sewage from newly invented flush toilets, and industrial waste-water all in the same pipe. Waste- and stormwater was then discharged directly into waterways; in the early twentieth century, sewage treatment plants were added to clean the wastewater before it hit streams. Combined sewer systems were—and still are—a great idea, with one catch: when too much stormwater is added to the flow of raw sewage, the result is frequently an overflow. These combined sewer overflows (CSOs) have become the focus of a debate regarding the best techniques to manage growing volumes of sewage and stormwater runoff in many older U.S. communities.

In dry weather, a combined sewer system sends a town's entire volume of waste-water to a sewage plant, which treats and discharges it into a waterway. Rain and snowmelt, however, can fill up a combined sewer. The sewers have been specifically designed with escape overflow pipes so that the mixture of sewage and stormwater doesn't back up into buildings, including homes. The resulting CSO dumps raw sewage into lakes, rivers, and coastal waters, potentially harming public health and the environment.

In April 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued the CSO Control Policy, the national framework for control of CSOs, through the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permitting program. This policy mandated that communities dramatically reduce or eliminate their CSOs, and the agency began working with municipalities to improve antiquated sewage systems so they could reach Clean Water Act goals. Under this policy, communities with combined sewer systems must establish a short-term plan to control these discharges as well as a long-term control plan.

The EPA's mandate on CSOs leaves communities with two basic options, according to Joan B. Rose, a public health microbiologist at Michigan State University. Communities with CSOs can build separate underground pipes for sewage and stormwater. Or they can keep their combined pipes and somehow build more capacity. "But if they shut down [combined sewer systems]," she says, "communities must find a way to store or treat peak flows when it rains."


This paper presents a solution for first-order Fuzzy Differential Equation (FDE) under generalized differentiability concept by Runge-Kutta Third order with Contra Harmonic Mean (CHM) in which, new parameters are taken in k2 and k3 to increase the order of accuracy of the solution. The precision and efficiency of the proposed method is portrayed by resolving a first-order FDE.


Nicole Vassh, 2, ∗ Gail C. McLaughlin, Matthew R. Mumpower, 5 and Rebecca Surman TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA Center for Theoretical Astrophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA (Dated: February 22, 2022)


In 2003, three-quarters of Canadian physicians aged 45–65 were men. This imbalance is expected to correct itself over time, since the proportion of men and women entering medical school has been evenly split in recent years.[1][1]

There is speculation, however, that discrimination against women


Fluorite-type CeO2 nanorods were synthesized from aqueous CeCl3 solutions containing polyethylene glycol, NaOH, and NaCl. The solutions were hydrothermally treated at 140°C, resulting in the formation of nanorod-like precipitates. Further annealing of the precipitates led to the growth into well-defined nanorods 5-10 nm in diameter and 50-200 nm in length. It was found that the addition of NaCl to the solution could enhance the one-dimensional growth of CeO2 and reduce the degree of aggregation. A high-resolution transmission electron microscopic observation revealed that the nanorod was single-crystalline and its growth direction was along the [110] axis of the cubic CeO2 structure. Our results then demonstrated that the unusually [110]-oriented CeO2 nanorods could be grown by a facile synthesis method.


Objective: The main aim is to evaluate the Pharmacological aspects of theusage of NSAIDs in a multi-specialty tertiary care hospital. The secondary objectives are to obtain the extent of usage of NSAIDs in the hospital, to prevent inappropriate use of NSAIDs, to analyze Cost effectiveness as continuity of work done by Maheshwariet.al [1] . Method: The study was carried out in multi-specialty hospital. Specially prepared proforma were been designed for the collection of the data. NSAIDs are most commonly prescribed as twice daily dosing. Results: The most commonly prescribed was ketorolac with twice daily dosing followed by diclofenac with twice daily dosing. 264 prescriptions(58.53) had shown potential drug interactions with NSAIDs. The gastroprotective agents that are given along with NSAIDs are H 2 blockers were the most commonly prescribed drugs given in 299 patients (66.2%). Conclusion: Drug use problems are common and have significant clinical and economic implications.It is important to remember that most adverse drug reactions would subside once the offending agent was discontinued or its dose reduced. Key Words: NSAIDs, Drug interactions, analgesics


Purpose
When purchasing digital content (DC), consumers are typically influenced by various information sources on the website. Prior research has mostly focused on the individual effect of the information sources on the DC choice. To fill the gap in the previous studies, this research includes three main effects: information cascades, recommendations and word of mouth. In particular, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the interaction effect of information cascades and recommendations on the number of software downloads.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the panel generalized least squares estimation to test the hypotheses by using a panel data set of 2,000 pieces of software at download.cnet.com over a month-long period. Product ranking and recommendation status are used as key independent variables to capture the effects of information cascades and recommendations, respectively.

Findings
One of this study's findings is that information cascades positively interact with recommendations to influence the number of software downloads. The authors also show that the impact of information cascades on the number of software downloads is greater than one of the recommendations from a distributor does.

Originality/value
Information cascades and recommendations have been considered as the primary effects for online product choices. However, these two effects typically are not considered together in one research. As previous studies have mainly focused on each effect, respectively, the authors believe that this study may fill the gap by examining how these effects are interacted to one other to influence customers' choices. The authors also show that the impact of information cascades on the number of software downloads is greater than one of the recommendations from a system does.


We show how to correctly extract from the ellipsometric data the surface susceptibility and the surface conductivity that describe the optical properties of monolayer MoS2. Theoretically, these parameters stem from modelling a single-layer two-dimensional crystal as a surface current, a truly two-dimensional model. Current experimental practice is to consider this model equivalent to a homogeneous slab with an effective thickness given by the interlayer spacing of the exfoliating bulk material. We prove that the error in the evaluation of the surface susceptibility of monolayer MoS2, owing to the use of the slab model, is at least 10% or greater, a significant discrepancy in the determination of the optical properties of this material.


Introduction. Work carried out at the interface of linguistics, logic, and computation has become increasingly successful and important in recent years. Contact between the disciplines has opened up new avenues for research of theoretical relevance and practical applicability. Because of the rapid expansion in this area, communication and interaction between individuals and groups at a European level is vital, especially in the context of the current process of European integration. In 1988, academics from a number of European institutions came together under the ERASMUS programme with an interest in developing links between institutes with a strong interest in linguistics, logic, and computation. The European Summer Schools in Logic, Language, and Information grew out of this contact as did the organisation FoLLI (Foundation of Logic, Language, and Information) under whose auspices the Summer Schools are held. The Essex Summer School in 1992 is the fourth; previous Schools were held at Groningen, Leuven, and Saarbriicken. The 1993 Summer School will be held in Lisbon. There were 561 registered participants, coming from 31 countries. This number breaks down as follows: Academic 108 + 63 lecturers from 14 countries; Industrial: 12; Student: 378. Training content methods. The Summer School offered introductory and advanced courses in six 'subject' categories and a series of evening lectures. The six areas of interest were logic, computation, language, logic and computation, computation and language, and language and logic. These were quite traditional lecture courses each taught by one or two lecturers to an audience usually ranging from 15 to 50. The majority of lecturers prepared 'readers' of recommended course material which students could order before and during the Summer School. These courses were supplemented by a series of workshops at which researchers working at the forefront of current research in a particular field presented their work. The intention was to encourage collaboration and the cross-fertilisation of ideas by stimulating in-depth discussion of issues. The evening lectures were presented by William Marslen-Wilson (London), Max Cresswell (Wellington), and Peter Gardenfors (Lund). Johan van Benthem (Amsterdam) chaired a FoLLI symposium on Logic and Probability. Drs. H. J. B. M. van der Linden (Manager FoLLI bureau)


The article shows the effectiveness of the modern techniques of gravity and magnetic data interpretation in geological difficult terrain conditions of the northwest of the Siberian platform. It describes the results of local assessment of the deep-laying intrusive bodies bearing a copper-nickel mineralization obtained with the use of probabilistic and statistical methods, and an interpretative tomography transformation.


With the advent of Industry 4.0, the multi-state has been a typical feature of modern complex manufacturing systems. The traditional health assessment methods cannot accurately characterize the operating characteristics of a multi-state manufacturing system. It has become a bottleneck to limit the development of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) for manufacturing systems. To solve this phenomenon, a novel health assessment approach for multi-state manufacturing system was proposed. Firstly, based on the operating characteristics of the manufacturing system, it is proposed that the health assessment for multi-state manufacturing systems should comprehensively analyze the machine performance state, task requirement state and Work In Process quality state. Secondly, based on the multi-state characteristic of the manufacturing system, the new health connotation of the manufacturing system is proposed, and the operational quality data could be used as a tool for the health assessment of manufacturing systems. Thirdly, the health assessment process of a multi-state manufacturing system with rework process is described based on operational quality data. Finally, a case of a cylinder head manufacturing system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Abstract: Fake news detection is an interesting topic for computer scientists and social science. The recent growth of the online social media fake news has great impact to the society. There is a huge information from disparate sources among various users around the world. Social media platforms like Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter are one of the most popular applications that are able to deliver appealing data in timely manner. Developing a technique that can detect fake news from these platforms is becoming a necessary and challenging task. This project proposes a machine learning method which can identify the credibility of an article that will be extracted from the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) entered by the user on the front end of a website. The project uses the five widely used machine learning methods: Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), Random Forest (random tree), Random Forest (decision tree), Decision Tree and Neural Network to give a response telling the user about the credibility of that news. Our initial definition of reliable and unreliable will rely on the human-curated data http://opensources.co. OpenSources.co has a list of about 20 credible news websites and a list of over 700 fake news websites. The proposed model is working well and defining the correctness of results upto 87.45% of accuracy. Keywords: Data Pre-processing, Fake news datasets, ML algorithms, Prediction.


Free volume properties of polymeric materials changes with Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) irradiation. The change depends on the polymer and ion, its energy and fluence. Free volume is found to have strong correlation with the macroscopic properties of the polymer. Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) has recently emerged as a unique non-destructive and non-interfering nano-probe, capable of measuring the free volume hole size in polymers with high detection efficiency . In the present study Polyethersulphone (PES) films of thickness 250 μm were irradiated with Si ions of energy 100 MeV from 15 UD Pelletron accelerator at Inter University Accelerator Centre(IUAC), New Delhi, India to the fluences of 10, 10, 10 and 5x10 ions/cm. Characterization of the effect of ion irradiation on free volume has been carried out by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. From o-Ps lifetime mean free volume hole radius, average free volume of micro voids and fractional free volume are computed. Free volume is found to decrease with the fluence. With the increase in the fluence, scissioned segments crosslink randomly, resulting in to the decrease of average free volume due to overlapping of tracks. Results will be discussed.


ABSTRACT: A rapid method for screening drug seizure samples for 3,6‐diacetylmorphine (heroin), which consists of a simple hydrolysis procedure and flow‐injection analysis with two chemiluminescence reagents, is described. Before hydrolysis, 3,6‐diacetylmorphine evokes an intense response with a tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) reagent (prepared by dissolving the perchlorate salt in acetonitrile), and a relatively weak chemiluminescence response with a second reagent: potassium permanganate in an aqueous acidic polyphosphate solution. However, the permanganate reagent is extremely sensitive toward the hydrolysis products of 3,6‐diacetylmorphine (i.e., 6‐monoacetylmorphine and morphine). Some compounds commonly found in drug laboratories may cause false positives with tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(III), but do not produce the markedly increased response with the permanganate reagent after the hydrolysis procedure. The combination of these two tests therefore provides an effective presumptive test for the presence of 3,6‐diacetylmorphine, which we have verified with 14 samples obtained from a forensic science laboratory.


We give a new infinite family of group homomorphisms from the braid group B_k to the symmetric group S_{mk} for all k and m \geq 2. Most known permutation representations of braids are included in this family. We prove that the homomorphisms in this family are non-cyclic and transitive. For any divisor l of m, 1\leq l < m, we prove in particular that if \frac{m}{l} is odd then there are 1 + \frac{m}{l} non-conjugate homomorphisms included in our family.
We define a certain natural restriction on homomorphisms B_k to S_n, common to all homomorphisms in our family, which we term 'good', and of which there are two types.
We prove that all good homomorphisms B_k to S_{mk} of type 1 are included in the infinite family of homomorphisms we gave. For m=3, we prove that all good homomorphisms B_k to S_{3k} of type 2 are also included in this family.
Finally, we refute a conjecture made by Matei and Suciu regarding permutation representations of braids and give an updated conjecture.


The invention provides a carrier rocket strapdown inertial navigation system full-autonomous alignment method. The method comprises the steps that a carrier rocket strapdown inertial navigation system speed and attitude error equation of a launching point inertial system is built; a solidification analysis self-alignment algorithm is utilized for obtaining the initial attitude information of a strapdown inertial navigation system; a Kalman filter is designed for performing on-line proving on inertial device errors; a kalman filtering algorithm is designed for performing fine alignment calculation of the strapdown inertial navigation system; according to the self application conditions of a carrier rocket and the strapdown inertial navigation system, relevant parameters of the Kalman filter are set, and rod arm effect compensation is carried out. By means of the low-pass filtering and solidification analysis technology, the carrier rockers do not need a complex optical sighting system any longer, pitching, yaw and rolling initial attitude determination can be achieved only through self information of the strapdown inertial navigation system, algorithm implementation is easy, running is reliable, influences caused by the external environment are avoided, rapidness is achieved, and engineering application is facilitated.


One of the most important problems in the assessment of existing prestressed concrete bridges is the evaluation of the remaining prestress. A new method is proposed, based on the measurement of the existing stresses in some part of the bridge by disking grooves around this part and by measuring the relaxed stresses. In this paper, the proposed technique, the tests which were realised in the laboratory to validate the technique and the results of the modelisations which allows the definition of the optimum parameters to use in practice are presented. An example of application of the method to existing railway bridges is given. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111699.


Abstract : Sunset policy is a government program to invite people to pay their tax. Sunset policy is hoped to improve structure and infra structure tax paying. Sunset policy aims at driving tax payer in fulfilling their obligation. The opportunity to the tax payer to become the honest tax payer trough this policy is hoped to raise tax paying in the future. This willing in paying tax need to be conducted by giving an easy service and transparent management. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the society about the rules and the related laws. It is hoped to give improvement in tax paying. Keywords: sunset policy, tax payers, obidience


The effects upon trade of protecting a domestic monopoly are analyzed for mally, under conditions of both certainty and uncertainty in the exchange rate, by casting the firm's problem as one in the general format of constrained opti mization. Existing studies assuming exchange rate certainty typically engage a diagrammatic approach, depicting a linear demand curve; the formal analysis presented here, involving non-differentiable methods of Lagrangean analysis, in particular identifies a scenario which has been "missed" in this previous work. In case of uncertainty in the exchange rate, under certain simplifying assumptions we can show that the probability of tariff redundancy is increasing with the level of protection, and also determine the comparative static effect of increased uncertainty on this probability and upon expected tariff receipts. The analytical structure developed here should lend itself in the future to such refinements as the introduction of a competitive domestic fringe. (JEL Classifi cation: F13, LI2) * Correspondence Address: Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, Heslington, York YOl 5DD, England; We wish to thank an anonymous ref eree for discerning comments on an earlier version of this paper. All errors and omissions are of course entirely our responsibility. £ 1996 Institute for International Economics, Sejong Institution. All rights reserved. This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Fri, 27 May 2016 06:45:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Theo Hitiris and Peter J. Lambert


Dzhumadil'daev has classified all tensor module extensions of $diff(N)$, the diffeomorphism algebra in $N$ dimensions, and its subalgebras of divergence free, Hamiltonian, and contact vector fields. I review his results using explicit tensor notation. All of his generic cocycles are limits of trivial cocycles, and many arise from the Mickelsson-Faddeev algebra for $gl(N)$. Then his results are extended to some non-tensor modules, including the higher-dimensional Virasoro algebras found by Eswara Rao/Moody and myself. Extensions of current algebras with $d$-dimensional representations are obtained by restriction from $diff(N+d)$. This gives a connection between higher-dimensional Virasoro and Kac-Moody cocycles, and between Mickelsson-Faddeev cocycles for diffeomorphism and current algebras.


Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) can catalyze the glycosylation of hesperidin, resulting in α-glycosyl hesperidin with significantly improved water solubility. In this study, a rational design of CGTase to improve its hesperidin glycosylation activity was investigated. The strategy we employed involved docking hesperidin in its near-attack conformation and virtually mutating the surrounding residues, followed by calculating the changes in binding energy using Rosetta flex-ddG. The mutations with a stabilization effect were then subjected to an activity assay. Starting from CGTase-Y217F, we obtained three double-point mutants, Y217F/M351F, Y217F/M351L, and Y217F/D393H, with improved hesperidin glycosylation activities after screening twenty variants. The best variant, Y217F/D393H, exhibited a catalytic activity of 1305 U/g, and its kcat/KmA is 2.36 times higher compared to CGTase-Y217F and 15.14 times higher compared to the wild-type CGTase. Molecular dynamic simulations indicated that hesperidin was repulsed by CGTase-Y217F when bound in a near-attack conformation. However, by introducing a second-point mutation with a stabilization effect, the repulsion effect is weakened, resulting in a reduction in the distances between the bond-forming atoms and, thus, favoring the reaction.


The requirements for life support systems, both biological and physical-chemical, for long-term human attended space missions are under serious study throughout NASA. The KSC 'breadboard' project has focused on biomass production using higher plants for atmospheric regeneration and food production in a special biomass production chamber. This chamber is designed to provide information on food crop growth rate, contaminants in the chamber that alter plant growth requirements for atmospheric regeneration, carbon dioxide consumption, oxygen production, and water utilization. The shape and size, mass, and energy requirements in relation to the overall integrity of the biomass production chamber are under constant study.


avoid vague terms like 'smoking was also common' This sentence has been amended 'Same (younger) age' is not clear, non-I patients were older This sentence has been amended The meaning of the term 'incident driven' is unclear. We have removed this term Table 1. Give confidence intervals. Give exact p values rather than asterisks. It is not clear what role the logistic models had in the interpretation of results, and whether P values should be adjusted, for example for age differences. Univariate and multivariate (adjusted) significance has now been added to the table. Frequency of findings are now expressed as a percentage with a 95% CI Figure 2. An overall test for difference between groups would be better than a significance test at each different duration of diabetes. Error bars have been added to assist in interpretation of this figure Figure 3. The data would be better presented as a Table with confidence intervals for the age-specific rates. We believe that a graphical representation of the data provides a better impression of the differences in diabetic complications between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients. Error bars (confidence intervals) have been added to assist in the interpretation of this data


We report results on multi-epoch Very Large Array (VLA) and pc-scale Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of candidate compact symmetric objects (CSOs) from the faint sample of high frequency peakers. New VLBA observations could resolve the radio structure in about 42 per cent of the observed sources, showing double components that may be either mini-lobes or core-jet structures. Almost all the sources monitored by the VLA show some variability on time scale of a decade, and only 1 source does not show any significant variation. In 17 sources the flux density changes randomly as it is expected in blazars, and in 4 sources the spectrum becomes flat in the last observing epoch, confirming that samples selected in the GHz regime are highly contaminated by beamed objects. In 16 objects, the pc-scale and variability properties are consistent with a young radio source in adiabatic expansion, with a steady decrease of the flux density in the optically-thin part of the spectrum, and a flux density increase in the optically-thick part. For these sources we estimate dynamical ages between a few tens to a few hundreds years. The corresponding expansion velocity is generally between 0.1c and 0.7c, similar to values found in CSOs with different approaches. The fast evolution that we observe in some CSO candidates suggests that not all the objects would become classical Fanaroff-Riley radio sources.


Special Region of Yogyakarta is one of the regions that has a high potential for natural disasters. Food is the consumable material that is most needed when natural disasters occur. For maintaining nutritious food that will be distributed to victims of natural disasters that still appropriate to eat, an alternative form of food preservative is needed. In this research, watermelon rind was chosen as an ingredient to make natural preservatives because they contain flavonoids and anthocyanins. This research aims to determine the total content of anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenolics in red watermelon rind, also to determine the effect of chitosan composition on the ability to release flavonoids and phenolics in food. This research was carried out by extraction and encapsulation methods. On encapsulation process, spray drying technique were used. The analysis carried out included the analysis of Total Anthocyanin (TA), Total Flavonoids (TF) and Total Phenolic (TPC) in the supernatant. The other analysis was in vitro tests to know the ability of flavonoids and phenolics release in the food. The total anthocyanin content in red watermelon rind was 0.1113 mg/L. The total content of flavonoids in red watermelon rind was 0.6159 g/mL. The total phenolic content of red watermelon rind was 0.341 g/mL. On the In Vitro release for flavonoids and phenolic compound, there was instability on release of flavonoids and fenolic toward the time in variations of chitosan mass 0.4 grams, 0.5 grams, and 0.6 grams. But the highest release of flavonoid and phenolic levels occurred from average results in variations of chitosan mass 0.6 grams, with each results, 0.1172 g/mL for flavonoids and 0.0867 g/mL from phenolic. Due to the higher of used chitosan, that means flavonoids and fenolic's content is higher too.


The market status and future development of LCD is introduced in the paper.The features and applications of TFT LCD,LCOS is described chiefly.


Traditional congestion control algorithms rely on various model-based methods to improve the end-to-end (E2E) performance of packet transmission. The resulting decisions quickly become less effective amid the dynamics of network conditions. In order to perform congestion control adaptively, reinforcement learning (RL) can be adopted to continuously learn the optimal strategy from the network environment. Oftentimes, the reward of such a learning problem is a weighted sum of multiple E2E performance metrics, such as throughput, delay, and fairness. Unfortunately, those weights can be only manually tuned based on extensive experiments. To address this issue, in this paper, we design a constrained RL algorithm for congestion control named CRL-CC to adaptively tune those weights, with the objective of effectively improving the overall E2E packet transmission performance. In particular, the multi-objective optimization problem is firstly formulated as a constrained optimization problem. Then, the Lagrangian relaxation method is leveraged to transform the constrained optimization problem into a single-objective optimization problem, which is solved by designing a multi-objective reward function with Lagrangian multipliers. Extensive experiments based on OpenAI-Gym show that the proposed CRL-CC algorithm can achieve higher overall performance in various network conditions. In particular, the CRL-CC algorithm outperforms the benchmark algorithm on Pantheon by 21.7%, 27.4%, and 5.3% in throughput, delay, and fairness, respectively.


A new R2edda-type ester, diisobutyl (S,S)-2,2'-(1,2-ethane-diyldi- imino)di(4-methylpentanoate) dihydrochloride, ((S,S)-H2iBu2eddl)Cl2, 1, and its palladium(II) complex, dichloro(diisobutyl (S,S)-2,2'-(1,2-ethanediyldiimi- no)di(4-methylpentanoate))palladium(II), (PdCl2{(S,S)-iBu2eddl}), 2, were syn- thesized and characterized by elemental analysis, as well as IR and NMR spec- troscopy. It was found that complex 2 was obtained as mixture of two diaste- reoisomers, observed in NMR spectra. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction studies and is described. The isolated crystals consisted of one dicationic species ((S,S)-H2iBu2eddl) 2+ and two Cl - .


Effects of light intensity,light spectrum and illumination time on crop root growth,morphology and structure,physiology and biochemistry were reviewed in this paper.Based upon the foregoing discussions,research directions and key topics in the area of relationships between light and crop root growth and development were put forward.


Purpose: The aim was to compare the long-term surgical outcomes of visco-circumferential-suture-trabeculotomy (VCST) and rigid probe viscotrabeculotomy (VT) in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Patients and Methods: The study was conducted on 84 (47 right) eyes of 49 (32 males) children PCG to the pediatric ophthalmology unit of Mansoura Ophthalmic Center of Mansoura University, Egypt between 2015 and 2018. An initial office examination was followed by an examination under general anesthesia to establish the diagnosis of PCG. The children were then scheduled for surgery and the eyes randomly assigned to VCST or VT. Follow-up visits were scheduled at the first day, first week, first, and third months and then every 3 months for 1 year. Results: The mean±SD age of the study children at presentation was 4.8±2.1 and 4.9±1.7 months in the VCST and the VT groups, respectively (P=0.827). The mean±SD preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 29.13±3.3 and 29.89±3.2 mm Hg in the VCST and VT groups, respectively (P=0.292) and 11.9±1.3 and 13.8±1.2 mm Hg at the end of 36 moths of follow-up (P<0.001). The IOP at all follow-up time points (except at the third month, P=0.924) was statistically significantly less in the VCST group than in the VT group (at week 1, month 1, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 the P<0.001). The cumulative probability of success was 100%, 95%, 90%, and 90%, respectively in VSCT and 100%, 72.7%, 97.7%, 90.9%, and 84% in VT at 12, 24, 30, and 36 months. Conclusions: Both VCST and VT were effective and safe for lowering the IOP in PCG with VCST providing a marginal advantage over VT.


It has long been a favourite theme of ecclesiastical historians, particularly in Germany, that the separation of cathedral chapter from episcopal estates was an important step in the development of ecclesiastical administration, not least because it assisted cathedral chapters to become independent and powerful electoral colleges. It was shown by Gerhard Kallen in the 1920s and, more recently and in greater detail, by Rudolf Schieffer, how this separation of estates, which took a long time to be effected, began with grants made to the cathedral 'for the use of the brothers' or with grants for more specific purposes, usually of a liturgical nature. This paper looks at a closely related issue, the splitting up of the estates held by the chapter. This division was to some extent inherent from early on, because of the conditions attached to certain benefactions, but it increased throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The way the chapter's revenues were organised had important consequences for the cohesion of the chapter as a community and also for the way in which clerical preferment operated. This can be very clearly demonstrated by a comparative study of the ways in which German and English cathedrals managed their property in the twelfth century. Since the differences between the German and the English systems are so striking the two will be considered in turn, and a comparison will also be made of the control which German and English clerks had over their personal property, which deserves attention not least because the dividing line between personal and chapter property was sometimes a fine one.


Due to the rapid development in automation system, the remote operation, control and monitoring are necessary for any modern system. The SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) facilitates this remote operation, control and monitoring for industrial automation. The SCADA is also widely used for overall operation of modern power system. This paper is about the application of SCADA in overall operation, control and monitoring of transmission and distribution system of electrical network of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The paper justifies the suitability of utilization of SCADA for remote controlling of electrical power system network of Dhaka city which can be implemented for controlling the overall power system network of Bangladesh. The 132 and 33KV circuit breakers of power system network of Dhaka city are generally controlled by SCADA. The daily operation, load management and system faults are monitored by the SCADA for managing the overall system with minimum supervision and manpower. The SCADA system comprises RTU (Remote Telemetry Unit), microwave communication network and RCS (Remote Control Server). The SPIDER software, which is a open platform for horizontal and vertical integration of power control center uses UNIX based operating system is used for SCADA of DPDC. Introduction The SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. In this study the application of the SCADA system in controlling the overall electrical network of Dhaka city, Bangladesh is discussed. The SCADA system becomes popular in the 1960's in order to monitor and control remote equipment. The early SCADA systems used mainframe technology and required human operators to make actions, decisions and maintain the information systems. Because of the increased human labor cost, early SCADA systems were very expensive. Today, SCADA is much more automated and consequently more cost-efficient. The SCADA is the foundation for the distributed automation system. The use of the SCADA system in electrical utility companies started in early sixties for smooth monitor and control of the overall power system. For remote operation of large power system network by SCADA started first in the USA in 1962[1]. The interconnection of large power grids in the Midwestern and the Southern U.S.A was the largest synchronized system in the world. The blackout of 1965 prompted the U.S. Federal Power Commission to recommend closer coordination between regional coordination groups and gave impetus to the subsequent formation of the National Electric Reliability Council which is formed in 1970. From that time the electrical utility company of the USA gave emphasis on reliable operation, control and monitor of the power system. However, the importance and urgency of closer monitoring and coordination of overall electrical network was emphasized in the USA after the blackout of the northeast grid network of 2003. 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh, email: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Application of SCADA for Controlling Electrical Power System Network 86 The application of SCADA for industrial automation system in Bangladesh stared in late 80s and now it is widely used for remote operation, control and monitoring of industrial automation system. Whereas the use of SCADA in power system of Bangladesh started in late 90's and still its application is limited in controlling the transmission network of power system. Nowadays almost all critical industrial infrastructures and processes are managed remotely from central control rooms by using SCADA. The flow of gas and oil through pipes, the processing and distribution of water, the management of the electricity network, the operation of chemical plants and the signaling network for railways are some applications of SCADA [3]. The RTU, microwave communication network and RCS are the backbone of the SCADA system. The RTU of each substation gathers operational information of switchgears of the substation and transfers that to the central database through microwave linkage. Basically the RTU collects all information related to remote and manual operation. The SCADA master or control station is comprised of Local Area Network (LAN) of RCS (Remote Communication Server) and workstations. The RCS stores and processes data according to the system requirement and generates necessary commands for remote operation of the substation switchgear. Initially the SCADA software was based on VAX (Virtual Address Extension) and VMS (Virtual Memory System) and OpenVMS (Alpha) platforms. However UNIX and Windows platforms are now used for most SCADA software. Initially SCADA were used for large utility networks having 100,000 to 250,000 service points. However SCADA is now used for large automation system having many service points. The system is resided on LANs with communication front end (CFE) processors and user interface (UI) attached locally either on the same LAN or across a WAN (Wide Area Network) [2]. Basically 132 and 33 kV circuit breakers of substations of Dhaka city are operated by SCADA system. The SPAIDER, an open source software which is provided by the vendor, ABB, Switzerland is used as the main operational software for the SCADA system of electricity network of Dhaka city. This software is basically based on different programming languages such as C++, FORTRAN, and Pascal. The UNIX operating system is used for this software. 1. Scada System and its Functions SCADA is a means of controlling from remote location by using communication technology. It is used to collect data and control processes at the supervisory level. The SCADA monitored system could be just about an oil refinery plant, a power generation system, a communication network or even a simple switch. To monitor and control the automation system, the SCADA collects data from the system and issue commands accordingly. By using sensors (discrete or analog) and control relays, the SCADA collects information about processes and control individual equipment. The system is supervised by a SCADA master station which collects data from monitoring devices and issues controls accordingly (either automatically or at the request of human operators) [4]. The SCADA system comprises of, UITS Journal Volume: 1 Issue: 2 ISSN: 2226-3128 87 1. Sensors (either digital or analog): Sensors control relays that directly interface with the managed system. 2. Remote telemetry units (RTU): These are small computerized units deployed in the field at specific sites and locations. It serves as local collection points for gathering information from sensors and delivering commands to control relays. 3. Communications network: It connects the SCADA master station to the RTU. 4. SCADA master units: These are larger computer consoles that serve as the central processor for the SCADA system. Master units provide a human interface to the system and automatically regulate the managed system in response to sensor inputs. 5. Remote communication server (RCS): The RCS communicates with the RTU and collect information which is also called master station. The master station, an HMI (Human Machine Interface) or an HCI (Human Computer Interface) performs data processing on information gathered from sensors [6]. The functions of SCADA are discussed below. A. Data Acquisition Since SCADA system monitors a large processing unit or network having various equipments therefore it collects information hundreds or thousands of sensors. Some of those sensors measure simple events that can be detected by on-off switch, called a discrete or digital input. Discrete inputs are used to measure simple states like whether the equipment is on or off, alarm for shutdown or tripping of any device or power failure at a critical facility. Some sensors measure more complex situations where exact measurement is important. These are analog sensors, which can detect continuous changes in a voltage or current input. Analog sensors are used to track fluid levels in tanks, voltage levels in batteries, temperature and other factors that can be measured in a continuous range of input [1]. A. Data Communication In supervisory control, it is required to monitor multiple systems from a central location, so a communication network is required to transport all the data collected from sensors. In earlier SCADA systems had radio, modem or dedicated serial lines based communication network. Today the trend is to put SCADA data on Ethernet and IP (Internet Protocol) over SONET (Synchronous Optical Networking). For security reasons, SCADA data should be kept on closed LAN (Local Area Network) or WAN (Wide Area Network) without exposing sensitive data to the open internet. For data security, data protocol is maintained. Sensors and control relays can't generate or interpret protocol communication on their own. Therefore the RTU is needed to provide an interface between the sensors and the SCADA network. The RTU encodes sensor inputs into protocol format and forwards them to the SCADA master or central station. Again the RTU receives control commands in protocol format from the master station and transmits electrical signals to the appropriate control relays [2,5]. Application of SCADA for Controlling Electrical Power System Network 88 A. Data Presentation The data presentation or display in SCADA system is mostly in visual or audio form. A SCADA system interacts with human operators through work station computers which are commended by RCS. The master station continuously monitors all sensors and alerts the operator by visual display or sound. The master station presents a comprehensive view of the entire managed system and also provides details operation of the system according to the requests of user. It maintains report logs and summarizes historical trends of daily operation of any system [5]. A. Data Presenta


This investigation is based on a study of indicators of liver weight and weight of fetuses and newborns from mothers with iron deficiency anemia, preeclampsia and diabetes. When maternal iron deficiency anemia and preeclampsia becomes mild to moderate severity these lead to compensatory increase in liver weight and body weight of the fetuses. When maternal iron deficiency anemia and preeclampsia becomes severe, on the contrary, there is intrauterine growth retardation, which is manifested by progressive reduction in body weight and liver weight (malnutrition) as a measure of depletion of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the fetus. Moreover, when the maternal preeclampsia occurs this process is more difficult than in maternal iron deficiency anemia. When the mother's diabetes mild, similar to, but more intense than in maternal iron deficiency anemia and preeclampsia, there is both increase in body weight and liver weight of the fetus. When the mother's diabetes moderate to severe there is or fetal macrosomia with hepatomegaly or microsomia with liver hypotrophy. The mother's severe diabetes is expressed more intensely than the mother's moderate diabetes.


The operator-based signal separation approach, which formulates the signal separation as an optimization problem, uses an adaptive operator to separate a signal into additive subcompo-nents. Furthermore, it is possible to design different operators to fit different signal models. In this paper, we propose a new kind of differential operator to separate multicomponent AM-FM signals. We then use the estimated operators to calculate each sub-component's envelope and instantaneous frequency. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, we compare the decomposition and AM-FM demodulation results of several signals, including real-life signals.


ABSTRACT Protestors often carry signs expressing their support or opposition to political issues. In recent years, people often take pictures holding their protests signs and post these images to social media platforms like Instagram. "Black Lives Matter" has become a common and controversial refrain used on protest images online. Black protestors as well as white protestors have posted images holding signs that say "Black Lives Matter." In this study, I use experimental methods to explore how exposure to Instagram posts that vary the race of the protestor as well as the message on the protester's sign influence white people's emotional responses to political messages. I make use of new media to demonstrate the ways in which white guilt remains a powerful mobilizing tool in the era of social media. Using data from Amazon's Mechanical Turk, I conduct sentiment analysis of open-ended survey responses to explore the role of emotions in the process of political agenda setting. I find that when racial appeals elicit white guilt, they motivate support for identifying racism as an important issue in this country. However, when racial appeals elicit feelings of annoyance or irritation white respondents are significantly less likely to identify racism as an important issue.


: The physical principles used in computational chemistry underlie all branches of chemistry; as such, computational chemistry has unlimited potential to contribute to the advancement of fundamental chemistry in every different subdis-cipline as well as to finding solutions to critical challenges that humankind faces today, such as healthcare and energy/environmental issues. With this in mind, our computational exploration of chemistry applies quantum chemistry, multiscale QM/MM and QM/QM approaches, and many other advanced computational chemistry techniques to a broad range of complex molecular systems such as metalloen-zymes, transition-metal catalysts, drugs/drug targets, metal-organic frameworks, and nanomaterials. In particular, using computational approaches and often with experimental collaborators, we seek to derive information about chemical reaction mechanisms and bonding patterns of these complex molecules.


Symptomatic laryngeal stenosis in the newborn infant is ordinarily considered to be due to some form of airway obstruction. The commonest obstruction is in all probability due to intrathoracic pressure from the thymus. In addition, diphtheria and other infectious processes, excess secretion of mucus, edema from any cause, and the inhalation of foreign bodies should be mentioned. Three cases are reported in which the presenting symptom was that of airway obstruction, but which at autopsy proved to be entirely normal in that respect. In each case the pathologic lesion was located in the lateral cerebral ventricles, and


: This article focuses on the urgent problem of the rapid spread of child and youth pornography and the involvement of children and young people in the pornography business. Paragraphs 184, 184b, 184c, 184d and 184e of the Criminal Law of Germany, as well as rules on the reform of criminal law legislation (Strafrechtreformgesetzte), laws amending the criminal law (Strafrechtsaenderungsgtsetze), and other laws adopted between 1993 and 2020 have been analyzed for the purpose of a detailed description of the dispositions of the norms governing criminal liability for the distribution, procurement, possession of child pornography, as well as the creation of pornographic content through radio and television. The article also explores the judicial practice of the German Federal Supreme Court (Bundesgerichtshof). The authors set out to form a comprehensive understanding of German criminal law in the field of combating child and youth pornography based on a study of German legal literature and an analysis of legislation and jurisprudence, using such methods as dialectical-materialistic, historical, comparative law and legalistic.


Ms. Fettner draws attention to an important aspect of the promotion of health that medical personnel frequently overlook. The formal education system provides a unique opportunity to develop an understanding of hygiene nutrition family planning and public-health measures. The children in turn may be a vehicle for influencing their families. In communities in many developing countries teachers are important leaders in gaining acceptance of programs to modify behavior. In general however studies in Europe and America have indicated that environment is a more important determinant of behavior than school. Furthermore the success of school health education often falls short of its promise since it requires special training of teachers curriculum revision and teaching materials such as the handbook suggested by Ms. Fettner all of which strain an already overburdened system. The approach to health education may reach beyond the formal educational system in its attempt to modify the patterns of behavior of adults. Although this presents a more difficult challenge noteworthy progress has been made particularly in programs that involve the leadership of members of the community instead of relying exclusively on the advice of technical specialists. The approach beyond formal education is also important since in some countries only a small proportion of students are in regular attendance at school and the period before results can be demonstrated is substantially longer if it is necessary to wait for the impact from modifying the habits of children alone. Ms. Fettner misinterprets the intent of the article if she concludes that we believe that dealing with the health problems of the adult population in low-income developing countries is fruitless. The health problems of adults are as real as the health problems of children and neglecting them undermines the credibility of the system. Furthermore there is not a vacuum at present. Adults are receiving health care from a variety of sourves including traditional healers and are spending substantially more of their income on health than the government spends on the public-health system on a per capita basis. It is important to improve the impact on health of the services that are being used in order to make them more cost effective and more satisfying to the recipients. In this context of "problems of scarcity and choice" it will be useful to analyze in detail the contribution that education can make to health work. Countries will choose their options on this basis. This aspect of the concept of health for all by the year 2000 through primary health care has received very much less attention than the care of infants and children under 5 years of age and the care of their mothers. (full text)


This is extremely important work. Indigenous populations have had their own experiences with natural hazards and many have developed techniques for coping in traditional ways. Western science can learn a great deal from indigenous knowledge, furthermore combining the two helps emergency managers more effectively educate local populations about the best way to prepare, respond, and cope with natural hazards, thus bridging the gap between western science and indigenous knowledge and thereby creating a more effect synergistic relationship.


A carrier for a silicon block which is fixedly connected to the support and is moved together with this for processing by sawing, cleaning or the like., Consists of plastic material, preferably of glass fiber reinforced plastic. He has more continuous longitudinal channels in its interior. These are sawed and thus cleaning liquid can then be brought into the intermediate space between the sawed wafers to flush saw residues.


Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) experiments require special sets of near-backscattering spherical diced analyzers and high-resolution monochromators for every distinct absorption-edge energy or emission line. For the purpose of aiding the design and planning of efficient RIXS experiments, a compilation of suitable crystal materials and viable reflections for hard X-rays, together with energy resolution and throughput information, is presented.


WARNING: Life-threatening and fatal events in infants and young children Postmarketing cases of seizures, cardiopulmonary arrest, and death in patients under the age of 3 years have been reported with use of Xylocaine 2% Viscous Solution when it was not administered in strict adherence to the dosing and administration recommendations. In the setting of teething pain, Xylocaine 2% Viscous Solution should generally not be used. For other conditions, the use of the product in patients less than 3 years of age should be limited to those situations where safer alternatives are not available or have been tried but failed. To decrease the risk of serious adverse events with use of Xylocaine 2% Viscous Solution, instruct caregivers to strictly adhere to the prescribed dose and frequency of administration and store the prescription bottle safely out of reach of children.


This study examines the accounts provided by the CEOs of the corporations involved in the so-called Panama Papers scandal in order to advance the criminological understandings of how corporations challenge the law and how they routinize crime. To address these questions, I rely on media reports produced by investigative journalists and published in Latin American newspapers, where nearly half of the world's stories surrounding this scandal were published. The results show that most corporations involved in tax avoidance situations deny any criminal involvement and/or injury to society. The results also suggest that CEOs challenge the law by adopting legal pragmatism, using innovative corporate tax practices, and creating (secret) business structures in selected locations (tax paradises). Corporate tax avoiders routinize their crime by responding to international legislation that promotes economic incentives to international investors. As a whole, they ignore any social responsibility in the countries from which their capital originates, as wealth accumulation, at a minimum cost, is their main interest.


The tensile deformation and rotating-bending fatigue properties of a highelastic thin wire, a superelastic thin wire and a superelastic thin tube, all made of NiTi alloys, were investigated experimentally. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (I) The stress-strain curve of the highelastic thin wire is approximately linear up to a strain of 4 percent with a stress of 1400 MPa and shows little dependency on temperature and strain rate; (2) The modulus of elasticity for the initial loading stage of both the highelastic wire and the superelastic tube is low, showing superior bending flexibility as is necessary for medical applications; (3) The slopes of the strain-life curves of the alloys are steep in the low-cycle fatigue region (the strain amplitude of the fatigue limit is in the region of 0.6-0.8 percent); and (4) In the tube, fatigue cracking initiates on the rougher inner surface, resulting in a shorter fatigue life than in the case of the wire.


Inhomogeneous lung ventilation and pulmonary air leaks are common adverse effects of mechanical ventilation in preterm infants suffering from respiratory distress syndrome. We hypothesized that shortening of inspiratory times can improve the homogeneity of lung aeration. We assumed that ultrashort inspiratory times lead to a full build‐up of pressure in regions with low compliance while maintaining incomplete filling of regions with high compliance.


The Michigan Renaissance Zone initiative provides a virtual total exemption from state and local property and income taxes both for businesses and for residents of limited areas of distressed communities. During its first three years, the program has been successful in attracting investment of US$367 million and claims responsibility for some 3750 jobs. Whereas some of the designated areas have experienced significant gains, for others the radical reductions in tax liability have provided insufficient incentives to attract new activity.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Marginal ulceration and delayed gastric emptying are considerable problems after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Helicobacter pylori (HP) are well known to be associated with gastritis, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer. Thus, we studied the relationship between marginal ulceration and delayed gastric emptying in the early postoperative period after pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy.

METHODOLOGY
We retrospectively studied 58 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy. On the basis of the grade of delayed gastric emptying, these patients were divided into 2 groups-WS group; without/with slight delayed gastric emptying and MS group; moderate/severe delayed gastric emptying.

RESULTS
Two patients (3.4%) developed postoperative marginal ulcer, these 2 patients had no HP infection; moreover, they belonged to the MS group. Five patients in the WS group were infected with HP; although, postoperative marginal ulceration did not develop in these 5 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Delayed gastric emptying might be a stronger promoting factor of postoperative marginal ulcer after pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy rather than HP infection and prevention of delayed gastric emptying is important to reduce the occurrence rate of postoperative marginal ulcer. Our modified subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy is a useful procedure for preventing delayed gastric emptying and postoperative marginal ulcer after pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy.


This paper discusses modifications, adopted in 1973 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Committee on Bridges and Structures, to the AASHTO Material Specifications based on a 15 ft/lb Charpy V-notch impact value. Three regional areas of anticipated minimum service temperature were established, with the testing temperatures specified for each regional area based on the lowest operating temperature of each of 3 ranges. The 15 ft/lb toughness level is adjusted for yield strength and plate thickness using concepts of fracture mechanics.


Germ cell tumours (GCTs)
of the ovary are rare, comprising approximately 20% of all ovarian tumors with
the malignant variant accounting for less than 5% of all ovarian neoplasms.
Malignant mixed germ cell tumours are rarer still with dysgerminoma & yolk
sac tumour being the most common components with three component variants being
categorised in the rarest of rare varieties. Bilateral dysgerminomas occur in
15% of germ cell neoplasms but rarely present with premature ovarian failure.
We present the case of an adolescent girl with a short history of abdominal
pain and distension with amenorrhoea for a year. Clinical and radio ogical
examination revealed a pelvic/adnexal mass with elevation of tumour markers and
she had to undergo a staging laparotomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Histopatholgy examination was reported as malignant mixed germ cell tumour of
left ovary, predominantly with immature teratoma and minor components of
yolk-sac tumour and dysgerminoma and right ovary with dysgerminoma. In view of
mixed germ cell disease, she was planned for adjuvant chemotherapy.


a newcomer entering a career under the guidance or tutelage of a wise and trusted expert in the field has been occurring for centuries. In Homer's Odyssey, Mentor was the tutor to whom Odysseus entrusted his son, Telemachus. The emphasis placed upon early apprenticeship training in many professions illustrates the significance of a mentor to the education and career development of a novice. The importance of having someone to counsel and


The legacy of Alfred Gell offers a rich stock of ingenious ideas to apply and extend to the thought-provoking artwork of Mohammad Din Mohammad, who combines the skills (ilmu) of the Malay martial art silat with the knowledge of the traditional Malay healer, to press life, breath, and divine power into his painting and sculpture. The artist's agency is said to open a gateway to the unseen realm. By painting calligraphic motifs derived from the Quran with his bare hands, the artist channels Allah's energy from within, energy that is embodied and suspended within his artworks, to protect the patient from spiritual attack. The artwork serves as a protective talisman during spiritually vulnerable moments, such as birth, marriage, fasting, and death. During crisis, the power stored within the artwork may be unleashed to counter attacks from ghosts, vampires, or other nefarious creatures.


Democracy stands for the rule of law, mutual consultation in matters of governance and the safeguarding of human rights brought about through quality leadership. This philosophical view forms the political hallmark of any nation including Nigeria. Unfortunately, democratization in Nigeria has remained nascent and quality leadership a mirage. This was largely due to the mis-conception given to the exchange theory concept in the Politician-Electorate relationships. The study identified Apolitical Marketing as the bane of sustainable democracy in Nigeria, thus the non-application of the concept of "customer first" (Electorate) is responsible for poor leadership. The author revealed that Political Marketing Research, Internal Democracy, Relational Politics and Green Politics are holistic in the drive toward good leadership and democratic sustainability. It was thus, recommended that Nigeria political class, umpires and leaders should invest very high proportion of their resources on research and intelligence gathering on the voters and embraces the holistic marketing concept geared toward a lasting, enduring and beneficial democracy.


The present investigation was carried out to prepare fruit cheese, a fruit confectionery prepared by combining fruit pulp with sugar, pectin and acid from blended fruit pulp of guava (Psidiumguajava) and mango (Mangiferaindica). The storage studies of mixed fruit cheese packed in HDPE bags showed significant changes in chemical properties during three months storage. Total sugars, reducing sugars and browning increased significantly from 66.8 to 68.7 %, 21.1 to 23.4 % and 0.25 to 0.37, while carotenoids and total phenols decreased significantly from 1.2 to 0.7 mg/100g and 39.1 to 35.2 mg/100g in guava-mango cheese during storage. Carotenoids was maximum (2.5 mg/100g) in guava-mango cheese containing highest mango pulp content, while ascorbic acid and total phenols was maximum (13.0 and 54.7 mg/100g) in cheese with highest guava pulp content. The cost of production was found minimum (Rs. 140/kg) in guava-mango cheese with 100 guava: 0 mango pulp ratio and increasing concentration of mango pulp showed a increasing trend in the cost of production of fruit cheese.


In this paper experiments and numerical simulations were undertaken to investigate the working mechanism of single-layer cable net supported glass curtain walls. We brought out the feasible ways in which glass panels work in coordination with the cable net, and verified by experiments. A parameter study was used to analyze the influence of factors, such as cable pretension, severity of loading, cable diameter, glass thickness and glass mesh size, on how glass panels worked in coordination with the cable net. The results indicate that the bending stiffness of the glass panel has little effect on the deflection of the structure, and the stiffness contribution of glass panels to the structure is substantially decided by the glass face membrane action. This action depends on the deflections of the glass panel and cable net.


Biofuels are being employed in nearly all the EU member states to fulfill the targets set up by the European Directive 2003/30/EC to have a 5.75% share of renewable energy in their transport sector ...


The green environmental protection furniture products with local characteristics are increasingly attached attention.Smoked bamboo, a kind of new green material, has the potential to make furniture, and the Huxiang Culture which is rich in human and unique in its own region. The combination of these two can create new furniture. Based on design material of Smoked Bamboo, it researched how to apply Huxiang Culture elements into the design of Smoked Bamboo furniture to create new furniture with flavor of Huxiang regional culture from the three aspects of Xiangxi tujia brocade, Mawangdui lacquer ware and Xiangxi Diaojiao building. This Research in this field can vary the species of furniture products to meet the people's different needs and offer reference for other regional characteristic culture elements applied in furniture design.


From the mid-nineteenth century, Chicago's Union Stockyards and Packingtown operated at massive scale, supplying meat to markets worldwide. Photographs played an important role in promoting the cit...


Generally we use the "Krypton-85" method for wear test of the tools in plastic industry. For deeper wear processes the surface activation technique was applied. In this technique the material tested is bombarded with charged particles which induce nuclear reactions, i.e. produce isotopes. The penetration of these particles mainly depends on the bombarding energy and the target material and so does the activated layer too. There is always need for calibration in order to get information about the activity distribution against deepness. The autoradiography is a good help for calibration. In our studies we demonstrated and evaluated the deepness distribution of the activated layer in steel in case of proton activation in a 10 MeV cyclotron.


Abstract : The National Academies continue the activities of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR), the recognized leader in developing and disseminating guidelines for laboratory animal care, breeding, and use, (including the internationally accepted standard Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals); resources for identifying animal models for human diseases and physiological processes; and reports on the humane and scientific use of laboratory animals (including education and training of scientists and technicians in the care and use of laboratory animals; reduction of pain and distress in research animals; occupational safety and health of employees; and nomenclature of inbred, transgenic, and other genetically defined animals). The program goal is to improve the humane and scientifically valid use of laboratory animals as well as the availability, quality and care of laboratory animals. ILAR accomplishes this goal through a core program, carried out by staff, and a special-project program, carried out by National Academies-appointed experts. Both programs are guided by a 16-member advisory council (the Council). The Council meets three times a year to provide program direction and strategic planning; to oversee the communication and information programs (consisting of the ILAR web site and the ILAR Journal); to oversee special projects; and to direct ILAR's international programs (including participation as the US national member of the International Council of Laboratory Animal Sciences).


Improvements to the production of proteins in industrial yeast species have largely relied on generating variation in a single genetic background. A new study in PLOS Biology leverages natural genetic variation to identify genes and variants with the potential to improve protein yield.


In middle-school teachers' classical poetry teaching class, errors and omissions often occcer in reading and explaining some words and literary quotations . So It appears even in some university teachers! This is because of the development of history and the changes of environment. Here six examples such as "Luoying"、"Nanshan"、"Liuhuo"、"Chuang"、"Ertong"and"Tusu"are cited and analyzed one by one in a bid for accurate interpretations.


We report a patient with coronary artery by-pass grafting who was admitted to our hospital due to acute occlusive thrombosis of prosthetic mitral valve. His INR level was subtherapeutic. The diagnosis was made with transthorasic echocardiography. Fibrinolytic therapy was given to him and a successful clinical result was obtained.


Dominic Boyer, The Life Informatic: Newsmaking in the Digital Era. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013. 240 pp.Dominic Boyer's signal achievement in The Life Informatic: Newsmaking in the Digital Era is to utterly evacuate the concept of reporting from the world of journalism. Instead, Boyer argues, the dominant mode of jour- nalistic labor in the digital era is screenwork, a set of almost entirely seden- tary processes in which newsworkers "[navigate] the complex ecology of information already 'out there'" as much as they seek and reveal "unknown truths" (3). This navigation process, which Boyer understands as a specific aspect of a more general process of mediological subjectivity, takes place largely in front of screens. To focus so resolutely on digital information man- agement-slotting, clicking, spinning, and timing-in part by bracketing the practices of news reporting is a genuine breakthrough. While aspects of this dynamic have been touched on in Boczkowski's (2010) explora- tion of newsroom imitation, in Ryfe's (2012) ethnography of three small American newsrooms, and in my own analysis of aggregation practices inside and outside traditional journalism organizations (Anderson 2013), no other author has zeroed in on screenwork as a core component of the newsmaking process in quite this way. And while I think the sedentary dy- namic Boyer points to is, perhaps, overdrawn (a point I will return to in the conclusion to this review), the focus on the screen-oriented aspects of journalistic production is a welcome corrective to the cluster of five- decade-old newsroom ethnographies that have, by now, achieved largely hagiographic status in journalism studies.The focus on screens and mediological labor aside, The Life Informatic falls rather squarely within the newsroom ethnography tradition (although interestingly enough, the vast majority of those ethnographies have been produced not by anthropologists, but by sociologists and more recently by scholars in the science and technology studies tradition). Bracketed by opening and closing chapters focused on a comparison between medio- logical practices in journalism and anthropology, the remaining chapters of the book hew fairly closely to the "three site visit" paradigm that is so com- mon in newsroom ethnographic research (though, yet again, perhaps not as much so in anthropology). The first site is the Associated Press office in Frankfurt (AP Deutscher Dienst, or AP-DD); the second is the Darmstadt campus of T-Online, a news portal subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom AG; and the third is the newsroom of MDR INFO, a 24/7 public radio broad- caster making the transition to digital forms of journalistic production. At each of these sites, Boyer analyzes the nuances of screen-oriented news- work in truly exemplary fashion; indeed, many journalism studies scholars and budding newsroom ethnographers could learn a great deal from this practicing anthropologist about how to do newsroom fieldwork well. We might summarize the four driving dynamics in these three chapters as 1) a focus on the praxiological aspects of mediological screenwork, 2) the relationship of journalists to "the public sphere" (or more accurately, to the realm of Offentlichkeit), 3) the shifting phenomenology of "news time" in the digital age, and 4) the literal and figurative spaces of journalistic work.I will turn to an examination of each of these four concepts momentarily, but I do want to briefly point out an additional, highly intriguing aspect of The Life Informatic-namely, the setting of its field sites in Germany. There is no doubt that one of the dominant trends in journalism studies over the past decade and a half has been the growing internationalization of the subfield, a welcome development to be sure. And while Boyer does spend a few pages discussing the ramifications of his choice of Germany as a field site, by and large he chooses not to dwell on the comparative aspect of his book. …


ABSTRACT The laparoscopic approach has been shown to be safe for management of benign ovarian cysts. Dermoid cysts have up to 2% incidence of malignancy, which cannot be diagnosed preoperatively. They usually occur in women of reproductive age who wish to conserve ovarian tissue, and, therefore, conservative surgery is indicated. The main concerns of laparoscopic cystectomy for dermoids is spillage of cyst contents, which could theoretically cause chemical peritonitis or malignant spread. We describe a laparoscopic technique for ovarian cystectomy inside a bag that avoids the risk of spillage of cyst contents. (J GYNECOL SURG 13:35, 1997)


This study was conducted to determine the effect of storage conditions on the quality of pasteurized milk distributed in Khartoum North by three companies. Sixty samples were collected from the product of each company and subjected to chemical analysis and microbiological examination in the third and fifth day of processing. The results revealed significant (P<0.05) differences between the products of the three companies in fat, solids not fat, density, protein and lactose. Microbiological analysis showed that total bacterial count, coliform count and aerobic spore formers count were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the sources of samples and storage period. The present study concluded that the quality of pasteurized milk produced by the three dairy companies was low. 0Therefore, development of programs of health and quality of dairy products are urgently needed to ensure that good quality pasteurized milk is produced and consumed in Khartoum State.


Create of questions of digital devices of demodulation and decoding of signals as a part of intelligent telecommunication satellite communication systems for the earth-based space stations providing the solution of current problems of territorial coherence considered.


Most optical hydrogen sensors are based on light intensity measurement and light intensity detection is vulnerable to the light source output and the optical fiber arrangement. To overcome the shortcomings, an optical fiber based sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technique which is capable to measure the concentration of hydrogen dissolved is described in this paper. To examine the availability of monitoring initial hydrogen generation, a needle-to-plate partial discharge (PD) model was setup in the lab. The results between wavelength shifts of optical hydrogen sensor well agreed with conventional dissolved gas analysis (DGA), proving a potential utilization in the detection of dissolved hydrogen in power transformer.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the drug-resistance produced by Escherichia coli from our hospital and the difference of drug-resistance between extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) positive and extended-spectrum β-lactamases(ESBLs) negative groups and the genotypes distribution of ESBLs produced by E.coli.METHODS K-B test was used to detect the drug-resistance of 54 E.coli strains to 22 antibiotics and PCR was used to detect the genotypes of ESBLs gene,aminoglycosides-resistance gene and quinolones-resistance gene.RESULTS To amikacin,netilmicin,piperacillin/tazobactam,cefoxitin,cefepime,cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem,the sensibility of E.coli was 70.0-100.0%;to quinolones,gentamicin and piperacillin,the sensibility was only 27.8%;among 27 strains of ESBLs positive E.coli,CTX-M-1 was amplified from 9 isolates,SHV was amplified from 5 isolates,TEM was amplified from 16 isolates,and OXA was amplified from 8 isolates.More than two types of ESBLs gene were produced by ten of them.PER,VEB,GES and CARB were not found among 27 strains;from 54 strains 44 were resistant to aminoglycosides,the drug-resistance rate was 81.5%,4 strains with aac(3)-Ⅰ,38 with aac(3)-Ⅱ,17 with aac(6′)-Ⅰ,11 with aac(6′)-Ⅱ,8 with ant(2″)-Ⅰ,and 12 with ant(3″)-Ⅰ;41 strains were resistant to quinolones,the drug-resistance rate was 75.9%,the detection rate of qnr gene was 7.3%.CONCLUSIONS Carbapenems are of choice to treat the ESBLs-positive E.coli;the drug-resistance of ESBLs positive group is higher than ESBLs negative group,except aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin;TEM is the most common genotype in ESBLs;aac(3)-Ⅱand aac(6′)-Ⅰ are the most capital genotypes in aminoglycosides;the drug-resistance rate of quinolones is high.


Recently, the topic of costs has become preponderant in oncology and radiotherapy, also in relation to the introduction of target biological agents and immunotherapy, with their greatest budgetary impact. Panje et al. have assessed the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab in their country (Switzerland) based on the most recent PACIFIC survival follow-up, concluding for a cost-effective profile of consolidation durvalumab in patients with inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for both unselected PD-L1 status and with PD-L1-expressing tumors. This new indication raises the main problem of pharmacy costs increase. The aim of this paper was to assess the pharmacological costs of durvalumab as consolidation treatment in patients responding to chemo-radiotherapy in inoperable stage III NSCLC. Pivotal phase III randomized controlled trial (RCT) was considered. The last available update was considered as the original source. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated as the ratio between the difference of the costs in the intervention and in the control groups (pharmacy costs) and the difference between the effect in the intervention and in the control groups (progression-free survival (PFS)). The costs of drugs are at the Pharmacy of our Hospital and are expressed in euros (€), updated to December 2020. The dosage of drugs was considered according to those reported in the pivotal phase III RCT2. We assumed the following costs: durvalumab= 3.08 € for 1 mg. European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS) was applied to the pivotal RCTs to derive a relative ranking of clinical benefit. A total of 709 patients were included. ESMO-MCBS reached grade 4. Differences in costs between the two arms (durvalumab versus (vs.) placebo) was 43120 €, with a cost of 3717 € per month of PFS gain (Table 1). Two main variables are able to condition pharmacy costs: the efficacy of treatment and the price of drugs. The first variable is related to the patient's inclusions criteria and we know that results from RCTs could be not representative of daily clinical practice (that is of patients treated outside such trials). The price of drugs is the second strong variable. In fact, there may be a cost standardization problem within different European countries (in our country there are no significant pharmacy cost differences between the different regional realities), due to the use of local pharmacy costs. In this case, this bias is minimize by the reference to only a single drug (durvalumab) and the comparison with placebo. Another limit is related to the consideration of only direct costs (which account for about 55% of total medical expenses). The scenario has become even more complicated over the last few years with the introduction of new drugs (biotechnology), which are completely different from old drugs (chemical). In fact, the old was of high prevalence, low cost, without extension of indication, without combination therapy, and, consequently, without an increase in treatment duration. Different, the new is of low prevalence, high costs, with the extension of indication, often with combination therapy and, consequently, with an increase in treatment duration (exactly the opposite of the old drugs). The biggest problem is certainly linked to the definition of the price of new drugs. So, the choice of price is not based on levels of scientific evidence and/or on measures of expected clinical benefit. To this, we must add first, that


Background and purpose: Every year 1.2 million people die and 50 million people are injured in road accidents in the world. Iran is a country with a high rate of death due to traffic accidents. According to the latest reports by Iran's Department of Forensic Medicine in 2012, 19089 deaths occurred and more than 318 thousand people suffered from mild and severe injuries caused by traffic accidents. This study aimed to investigate the trend and incidence of traffic accidents and their consequences for two decades. Materials and methods: In this study data was collected using the World Health Organization reports about car accidents (published in 2013), reports by Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and Department of Forensic Medicine. Results: An increasing trend of deaths and injuries due to traffic accidents was found between1993-2006. The rate of mortality was the highest during 2005-2006 and 28,000 deaths occurred in these years. However, this trend has been declining since 2007. . Conclusion: Compared to previous years the rate of mortality from traffic accidents is now somewhat reduced, however, this rate is still higher than many countries in the region and the world, therefore, further preventive measurements are required in order to reduce the incidence of death and injury due to road accidents


This study focused on measuring poverty with demographic variables in crude oil and gas polluted crop farms in Rivers State Nigeria. A total of 296 questionnaires were used for analysis. The results showed that extent of poverty (P0) on age of household heads was highest in crude oil polluted crop farms (64.20%) as compared to 53% in non-polluted and 57.80% in all crop farms surveyed. The P0 ratio on gender of household heads indicated that more male headed households were poor (72.20%) in the crude oil polluted crop farms as against 55.30% in non-polluted and 55.80% in all crop farms surveyed. The P0 measure on marital status of household heads in crude oil polluted crop farms was higher (69.10%) as compared to 49.8% in non-polluted and 59.60% in all crop farms surveyed. In conclusion, there was higher level of poverty experienced among crop farmers in crude oil and gas polluted areas in Rivers State, Nigeria.