Simple Summary Environmental factors have a significant impact on the feeding behavior, yield, and quality of Siniperca chuatsi. Previous studies of potential correlations between light and fish behaviors have mainly focused on phototaxis, changes to circadian rhythms, and growth and development. In the present study, at 11.15 ± 2.01 lx, S. chuatsi sustained relatively lower stress in response to re-feeding after starvation and digestive enzyme activities in the intestine were the highest, indicating that the light intensity was most suitable for re-feeding of S. chuatsi after starvation. Under light conditions, S. chuatsi only preys on fish, but it also preys on shrimp under dark conditions, due to weak light reducing the accuracy of hunting. Thus, under weak light, S. chuatsi is most likely to consume compound feed. Moreover, reducing the light intensity can increase the activity of digestive enzymes in the intestine while alleviating the stress response and facilitate successful domestication of S. chuatsi. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that the suitable light intensity can accelerate the adaptation of S. chuatsi to stress caused by re-feeding. Abstract Light influences the stress response to environmental stimuli and feeding behaviors of Siniperca chuatsi and, thus, is an important regulator of normal growth and development. In this study, we first explored the important role of light on the digestive and stress capacity of S. chuatsi by studying the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators of S. chuatsi, taking the re-feeding after starvation as the constant environmental stimulus and the light intensity as the adjustable environmental stimulus. The activity of protease and lipase was generally higher in the stomach tissues than in the intestinal tissues, especially lipase, which was higher in stomach tissues under all light conditions, and the protease and lipase activity peaked in the stomach tissues of S. chuatsi at a light intensity of 18.44 ± 3.00 lx and in intestinal tissues at 11.15 ± 2.01 lx, respectively, indicating that greater light intensity increased the digestive capacity of stomach tissues, whereas lower light intensity facilitated the digestive capacity of intestinal tissues. The tissues of the gill, stomach, and intestine had relatively high activity of stress-related enzymes, whereas the tissues of the brain, kidney, liver, and plasma samples had relatively low activity of enzymes. Collectively, the results show that light intensity at 11.15 ± 2.01 lx promoted digestive capacity in the intestine and enhanced the anti-stress ability of S. chuatsi in response to stress induced by re-feeding after starvation. These findings should prove useful for artificial breeding of S. chuatsi.


The solar sail spacecraft for earth missions experience shadow region in Earth orbit, the resulting temperature field changes will induce the structural response on the sail films and the booms of the solar sail, thus disturb the attitude control of the spacecraft. Therefore, it is valuable to study the thermally induced structural response of solar sails caused by abrupt temperature filed. In this paper, the solar sail with square films and booms is studied. A sequential-coupled analysis method is proposed. Based on this method, the thermal analysis model of the solar sail is established, then the temperature variation law of the solar sail during orbiting the earth is obtained through simulation. Based on the structural analysis model of the solar sail, the structural response caused by temperature change is calculated, and the influence of material parameters on such response is analyzed. The results show that, the sudden change of temperature field will not only cause the shrinkage and expansion of the film, but also lead to obvious vibration on the boom. This vibration can be reduced by using thermal control coating or increasing the boom thickness. The results of this paper have important referential value for the design of thermal control system of solar sails.


Background: Malignant bone tumors are always considered diagnostic dilemma for general orthopaedic surgeon. And treatment for the same is again not known to general orthopaedic surgeon. Due to better availability of diagnostic modalities and advancement in chemotherapy and radiotherapy the results of limb salvage surgeries are improving day by day. In limb salvage surgeries after tumor resection, replacement with megaprosthesis is one of the standard method. We have used mesh in soft tissue reconstruction to improve functional outcomes after such surgeries. Aims and Objectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the results of use of mesh in Orthopaedic oncology surgeries in terms of movements in comparison to surgeries where mesh was not used. Objective is to assess functional and clinical outcomes of the patients.Material and methods: A retrospective study of 19 patients with minimum follow up of 6 months was carried out. We have studied proximal humerus, proximal femur, distal femur and proximal tibia tumors treated by limb salvage surgery and replacement with megaprosthesis. Two study groups, one without mesh and one with use of mesh were compared.Results: Results were evaluated by Musculo Skeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system. Conclusion: Mesh is a good option for Orthopaedic Oncology surgeries to induce fibrosis and provide attachment to the muscles and soft tissues. It helps in achieving good range of active movements and can lessen the time for immobilization.


The author of this article examines the role of Sinhalese Buddhist deities within the long Sinhalese tradition of using Buddhism to support political authority. Extensive contemporary information on deity territories suggests that because state political integration involves territorial integration localized deities have both reflected and been used to bring about an integration of local people into state administrative structures. However, this integration is not brought about by having the territories of the deities parallel administrative units (which they do not); it is brought about by having people think that they do, think that the territories of the gods correspond level by level to the administrative villages, districts, and provinces. As the relationship between these levels and the state has changed historically, that is, when center-hinterland integration has gone from strong to weak to strong again, people's understanding of the pantheon appears to have changed as well.


A comparative study on Co-III-catalyzed direct C-H bond alkenylation of 1-phenylpyrazole derivatives with alkynyl carboxylic acids and arylalkynylsilanes under redox-neutral conditions has been disclosed. These methods show excellent selectivity with good to excellent yields. Trimethylsilylacetylene has been utilized as a vinyl source to obtain the corresponding styrene derivatives. The major differences between these two reactions are the decarboxylation proceeds in the presence of a base additive whereas the desilylation takes place in the presence of an acid additive. The developed methodologies are compatible with a variety of functional groups.


PURPOSE: A device for setting high quality video telephony between computer devices and a method thereof are provided to supply the same user experience as existing telephony. CONSTITUTION: An SMS(Short Message Service) transmitting/receiving module(611) receives an SMS device list information request message from a first device. The SMS transmitting/receiving module receives an SMS call connection request message from the first device. A control point(612) finds a device in a home network by the received SMS device list information request message. The control point requests call start to a selected telephony device. The control point receives a response to the call start from the telephony device.


The present invention is directed to gastrointestinal or enteric (including biliary) anastomosis and the like. The anastomotic device of the invention is a three dimensional woven tube of wire. The outer loops or ends of the tube fold or loop back on deployment in a manner which holds the luminal interface of the anastomotic site into apposition at the deployment site. The woven tube is deployed using a protective sleeve and nose assembly. Adjustment of the wire diameter and/or material properties of the wire can cause the anastomotic device to remain in place permanently or, for example, in the case of the intestine to slough through the two apposing walls of the lumen resulting in the device safely passing through the intestine leaving a naturally healed, properly functioning anastomosis.


Three approaches to innovation in the public sector in the post war period are identified and analysed for their implications for policy-makers, managers and citizens. Various relationships are identified between innovation and improvement in public services. The traditional bias of the literature that innovation is necessarily functional is undermined. Important lessons for policy, practice and research include the need to develop an understanding of innovation which is not over-reliant on the private sector manufacturing literature but reflects the distinctive contexts and purposes of the public sector.


John Adams was three years out of Harvard College and teaching school in Worcester, Massachusetts when he wrote : "Let us look upon a lawyer. In the beginning of life we see him fumbling and raking amidst the rubbish of writs, indictments, pleas, ejectments, enfiefed, illatebration, and one thousand other lignum vitue words which have neither harmony nor meaning. When he gets into business, he often forments more quarrels than he composes, and enriches himself at the expense of impoverishing others more honest and deserving than himself. ' ' 1 Despite this rather unflattering portrait of the legal profession, young Adams opted to join it. What brought him to this pass is difficult to determine ; he himself is rather vague on the subject in both his diary and autobiography. Apparently, he considered both the pulpit and the scalpel before deciding on his ultimate course of action. His hesitation was prompted in part by his relatives ' 'most illiberal prejudices against the Law" and his own inability to pay the fee required to contract with a lawyer to instruct him.2 Finally, he followed his inclinations and contacted James Putnam, the leading lawyer in Worcester, about entering study in his office. Putnam was agreeable and the terms were arranged. Young Adams would clerk for Putnam for two years, paying for his lodgings and 100 dollars when he found it convenient.3 Typically, the new clerk began his studies solemnly resolving to ' 'oblige and please [ Putnam ] and his lady in a particular Manner. ' ' 4 By the middle of the Eighteenth Century, John Adams' route to the bar was becoming one well-traveled in Massachusetts. An increasing number of young men, most of them college graduates, opted for the profession of law.' Many, like Adams, turned to law after seriously considering other alternatives. More than a few had been schoolmasters, medical students, or aspir-


Data-oriented design is a growing software development process for games that has not been well studied in academia. It seeks to subtract complicated design methods from problem solving and leverage the simplicity of what computer architecture is designed to do: input, transform, and output data.


We present a survey of z ~ 3 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) associated with damped Lyα systems (DLAs) with the primary purpose of determining the DLA-LBG cross-correlation. This paper describes the acquisition and analysis of imaging and spectroscopic data of nine quasar fields having 11 known z ~ 3 DLAs covering an area of 465 arcmin2. Using deep u'BVRI images, 796 LBG candidates up to an apparent RAB magnitude of 25.5 were photometrically selected from 17,343 sources detected in the field. Spectroscopic observations of 529 LBG candidates using the Keck Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer yielded 339 redshifts. We have conservatively identified 211 z > 2 objects with ⟨z⟩ = 3.02 ± 0.32. We discuss our method of z ~ 3 LBG identification and present a model of the u'BVRI photometric selection function. We use the 339 spectra to evaluate our u'BVRI z ~ 3 Lyman break photometric selection technique.


ABSTRACT Cytokines are hormone-like proteins which mediate and regulate inflammatory and immune responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory cytokines on regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The HGF cell lines used in this study, H-CL and F-CL, were established by the explant technique from healthy gingival tissue. Cultured cells were grown to confluency and incubated with various concentrations of LPS from Escherichia coli orPorphyromonas gingivalis or with the recombinant human cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1α, or IL-1β. Culture supernatants were collected at various times and assessed for IL-6 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total RNA was isolated from the harvested cells and used to assess levels of IL-6 mRNA by the RNase protection assay. Both LPS preparations induced IL-6 production (1 to 4 ng of IL-6 per ml) by both HGF cell lines. Although TNF-α stimulated IL-6 production by HGF, >10-fold-larger amounts were induced with IL-1α and IL-1β. Furthermore, the addition of both IL-1α and TNF-α to cultured cells resulted in approximately 600- to 800-fold-higher levels of IL-6 than seen in control cultures, suggesting that these cytokines synergistically induced IL-6 production by HGF. IL-6 message in cultured cells was upregulated 20-fold by TNF-α, 1,000-fold by IL-1α and IL-1β, and 1,400-fold by IL-1α plus TNF-α. IL-1α and TNF-α alone upregulate IL-6 production in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The addition of IL-1α and TNF-α to cultured HGF cells resulted in a synergistic induction of IL-6 after 8 h of incubation and when greater than 10 pg of this combination per ml was used. Our studies show that inflammatory cytokines are hundreds of times more potent than LPS in stimulating IL-6 production by HGF.


Lung has a complex cellular, physical and physiological architecture. To fully appreciate the normal and the altered cellular and physiological phenotype of the lung, it is critical to acquire cell‐specific and quantifiable information in intact lungs or isolated lung cells using relevant imaging methods. The integration of sound principles of morphometry with advanced light and ultrastructural imaging systems has provided quantification of cellular and molecular alterations in the lung. Recent use of intravital imaging has provided novel data on the interactions of leukocytes with lung microvascular endothelium and the responses of microvascular endothelium. Synchrotron radiation is also emerging as a tool to image changes in the living lung. This talk will provide an overview of the established and newly emerging imaging methods and their applications to the lung.


A central research topic in the area of knowledge engineering is the reuse of problem‐solving methods for developing knowledge based systems. For being able to reuse a problem‐solving method it is important to know under which restrictions a problem‐solving method is appropriate to solve a given problem. This paper describes the problem‐solving method propose‐and‐revise as well as the way this problem‐solving method searches in its problem space for a solution. A quantitative analysis of the efficiency of this search process is given. Additionally, task and domain specific properties and restrictions and their influence on the efficiency of the search process are considered. For these purposes an instance of the problem‐solving method is transformed to a corresponding instance of a Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver (STRIPS) planning system. Then the problem‐solving method is considered as an additional control strategy for such a planning system. By this way the various insights and analysis results which are available in the area of planning systems may be exploited for the analysis of problem‐solving methods. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


ANDERSON (1, 2) HAS found, generally, that performance by English children on a test of verbal intelligence showed, on the average, significant evidence of fluctuation and, in particular, that the extent of fluctuation characteristic of the functi o n s measured by the subtests in a non-verbal test of in telligence followed a trend, the earliest and latest subtests showing the greatest amounts of fluctuation, the middle tests the least. If one of Anderson's hy potheses is true?that this trend might be a product of the position of the subtests in the series? then clearly a similar trend would appear if another cog nitive test were used. Accordingly the present pa per is an attempt to find evidence of this trend in the subtests of the Terman-McNemar Test of Mental A bility, and to establish whether the performance of Canadian children on the total test showed an amount of fluctuation approximately similar to that of the English children. A very subsidiary aim was to ex amine the significance of sex differences in fluctua tion.


The extant written data provide great evidence to the fact that the activities of the most outstanding Russian chant masters were closely connected with the main centres of Russian medieval music with the Tsar's and the patriarch's choirs. The sources also lead to the conclusion that the development of the Moscow school as a unique creative trend of the old Russian music took place a bit later than the Novgorod one. A decisive role here was played by the chant masters who were taught in Novgorod the Great [Veliky Novgorod]. Among them one should mention the didascalos and chanter Feodor Krestjanin (the Christian), whose chants became the embodiment of "Moscow singing" for the musical theorists of the late 16 th early 17 th centuries. Bright author creativity at that time involved in its sphere as ordinary Moscow masters and high reigning persons, the first of whom was the Tsar Ivan the Terrible.


Graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) is a major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and occurs when donor T cells react with histo‐incompatible recipient's antigens. In thepresent study, we analyzed the contribution of CD4 T cell subsets, defined according to their CD45RC expression level, in the development of acute and chronic GvHD. For this purpose, we used the model of GvHD induced in rats when parental lymphocytes are transferred to irradiated (LEW×BN) F1 hybrid recipients. We showed that parental CD45RChigh (naive cells) CD4 T cells induced both acute and chronic GvHD while CD45RClow (memory cells) subset did not. In vitro, only CD45RChigh CD4 T cells proliferated and produced cytokines in response to alloantigen stimulation. LEW and BN CD45RChigh CD4 T cells produced different cytokine profiles in response to in vitro allostimulation, which could explain their ability to induce different forms of GvHD. Finally, we showed that memory CD45RClow CD4 T cells, known to contain regulatory T cells, were unable to prevent GvHD induction. Together these data show that memory CD45RClow CD4 T cells do not contain functional alloreactive T cells and suggest that selective transfusion of donor memory cells could greatly improve post‐transplant immune reconstitution without riskof GvHD induction.


Objective The transient evoked otoacoustic emissions(TEOAE) is a kind of faint signal obtained from the auricle and accompanied by the stochastic noise.The method of denoising is studied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) of the TEOAE, that can be laid a foundation for farther clinic application such as spectrum analysis.Method The method of wavelet threshold denoising is used to analyze the TEOAE in this study.We select the sym8 wavelet,softthresholding and the Minimax rule.Result Results show denoising the TEOAE's improves the correlation coefficient and SNR .And the series sym wavelets,softthresholding,Minimax method are better to TEOAE than others.The SNR rises approximate ten pecent.Conclusion The method of wavelet threshold obtains a better effect.


Journal of Scientometric Research, Vol 8, Issue 2, May-Aug 2019 119 Copyright © The Author(s). 2019 This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Geographies of Growth: Innovations, Networks and Collaborations


Triethylene glycol, a common side chain, is attached to two different dye moieties, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and isoindigo (II), and their bromo derivative monomers are copolymerized, respectively, with common bisstannyl alkylated bithiophene via Stille coupling. The resulting donor–acceptor low‐bandgap copolymers, namely, PTDPP‐DT and PTII‐DT, are rationally deigned and synthesized conjugated polymeric systems suitable for doping. Both polymers are successfully investigated as single‐component and composite‐system‐based electrochemical transistors and light‐emitting electrochemical cells. A PTDPP‐DT thin film exhibits relatively high electrical conductivity of up to 80 S cm−1 in the electrochemically doped state, whereas PTII‐DT thin film prevents the macroscopic charge transport due to a large‐scale crystalline disorientation. Upon evaluating both polymers as active conjugated materials in light‐emitting electrochemical cells, they both exhibit emission under efficient electron/hole doping conditions.


Existing decompilers use rule-based algorithms to transform unstructured Control flow graph (CFG) into equivalent high-level programming language constructs with "goto" statements. One problem of such approaches is that they generate a large number of "goto"s in the output code, which reduce the readability and hinder the understanding of input binaries. A global search algorithm is proposed based on structural analysis. This algorithm restructures a CFG and generates fewer number of "goto" statements than the rule-based algorithm does. We also present a Genetic algorithm (GA) for the global search approach to locate near optimal solutions for large CFGs. Evaluation results on a set of real CFGs show that the genetic algorithm-based heuristic for global search is capable of finding high-quality solutions.


This paper analyses the relevance of an approximate method, using factors such as time-lag and decrement factor, in the prediction of heat flow of an unconditioned room. The approximate method, for conditioned environment, suggested by Koenigsberger et al (Ref. 8) has been modified suitable for the unconditioned environment and utilised in this analysis. The theoretical analysis is supported by a case study, which is a room in the top floor a multistorey building. The results show that the approximate method is better in predicting the values of heat flow, but involves less effort than the admittance method.


We report for the first time the synthesis of Li 4 SiO 4 by the modified combustion method, a rapid chemical process that takes 5 min for completion. This method uses nonoxidizer compounds instead of nitrate mixtures, which are not always commercially available. The effects of the following parameters on the production of Li 4 SiO 4 were studied: (1) different lithium hydroxide:silicic acid:urea (LiOH:H 2 SiO 3 :CH 4 N 2 O) molar ratios; (2) the presence of air flow in the furnace chamber; and (3) the furnace heating temperature. It was found that LiOH:H 2 SiO 3 :CH 4 N 2 O molar ratios 6:1:3 heated at 1100°C in the presence of additional air in the muffle chamber formed the best precursors to produce Li 4 SiO 4 .


Introduction: Poisoning is an acute medical emergency. Organophosphorus (OP) poison, being easily available and relatively cheaper, is mostly used by people for suicide. It is a major health problem worldwide also a major cause of suicide in Nepal. The purpose of this study was to assess the overall profile of patients with Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning.
Methods: A Prospective hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on patients of organophosphorous poisoning in the emergency department (ER) of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital during one year period from 1st January 2020 to 31st December 2021. Data analysis was done using SPSS-16 software. Categorical variables were presented in the form of tables with frequency and percentage. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical tools.
Results: A total of 123 OP poisoning cases attended in the emergency department of College of Medical Sciences over a period of one year. The overall female to male ratio was 1.19:1. Most poisoning occurred in the age group 15-25yrs. Majority of the patients were married and were students. Oral route (87.83%) was the most common route of administration. The main reason was family and personal issues. Majority of the patients stay 3-7 days in the hospital. The mortality of poisoning was 3.25%.
Conclusions: Majority of the intentional poisoning occurred in the female, married & students of younger age group. The main reason was family and personal issue.


Protein kinase plays an important role in transmembrane signalling, which is modulated by cellular transduction by second messengers such as inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (), Diacylglycerol (DG), cAMP, to express biological activity by stimulation of hormones, neurotransmitters, antigens, growth factors. Protein kinase Cs participate in signal transduction of cell, secretion of neurotransmitter, regulation of ion conduction, exocytosis, gene expression and cellular proliferation. Also, it raises slow motility by exchange (NHE) and channel in the outer hair cells. It may also be involved in mechanical transduction, cellular proliferation and reproduction in supporting cells, and in producing endolymphs using the KCNE1 and -ATPase in the lateral wall of cochlea. Materials and method:We investigated the immunoreactivities of the PKC () via paraffin section and surface preparation of the cochlea of albino guinea pigs. Results: PKCαimmunoreactivities were shown in the outer and inner hair cell cytoplasm andwas revealed in the type II fibrocytes and suprastrial cells in the basal turn of the spiral ligament. But were not shown. Conclusion:We suggest that PKC may induce the slow motility and depolarization to mediate the ion conductance in the hair cells. Also, PKCmay participate in the production of endolymph. We thus conclude that PKCαandplay an important role in the cochlear signal transduction. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2003;46:733-6)


Multilingual text corpora with linguistic annotations are becoming increasingly important in translation studies (Tiedemann, 2011). Many software systems may help with systemic functional analyses of these corpora. However, they often have different capabilities and do not support free interchange. In Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), an integrated approach is essential to simultaneously explore multiple corpus layers and their interactions statistics.


some countries, and for all types of special teachers the licensing requirements still vary widely. Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, and Poland require special education for all teachers of the handicapped, but in Greece and Spain certification for teaching normal children is enough. In the Netherlands, certificates for elementary-school teaching and gymnastics are required, with men teachers needing qualification in handicrafts and women in needlework. Other countries prescribe advanced education in terms of the particular needs of a group of handicapped children, such as the blind, deaf, or orthopedically handicapped.


Diabetic neuropathy is one of the microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is classified, as focal or diffuse, and according to the nervous fiber type and its localization, it is classified in to peripheral, autonomic, sensitive or motor neuropathy. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality particularly in patients with longstanding-poor controlled diabetes. The main predictors of development of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients with type 2 diabetes are age, gender, ethnicity and presence of other microvascular complications. The main clinical manifestations presented in CAN patients are resting tachycardia, exercise intolerance, orthostatic hypotension, silent ischemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment of DAN. The mainstay of treatment for this disease is prevention and early detection. This review focuses on epidemiology, physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies and treatment of CAN.


A neural network (NN) based analysis model is developed for locating the operating frequencies of generalized Sierpinski fractal antenna. The developed model can locate the operating frequencies of standard as well as perturbed antennas. The performance of the neural model is validated with simulations as well as with results reported in literature.


Considerations are made for field error corrections of a 2m-long CPMU in built for HEPS-TF. Field changes in cooling to liquid nitrogen temperature are simulated. 1 field integral of terminal changes by tens of Gauss cm and RMS of phase errors induced by cold contraction is less than 1 when temperature gradient along girder is below 1.5K/m. Field signature of magic finger is unchanged with temperature. Strategy of the field error correction is discussed.


Professional knowledge is an important source of science teachers' actions in the classroom (e.g., personal professional content knowledge [pedagogical content knowledge, PCK] is the source of enacted PCK in the refined consensus model [RCM] for PCK). However, the evidence for this claim is ambiguous at best. This study applied a cross-lagged panel design to examine the relationship between professional knowledge and actions in one particular instructional situation: explaining physics. Pre- and post a field experience (one semester), 47 preservice physics teachers from four different universities were tested for their content knowledge (CK), PCK, pedagogical knowledge (PK), and action-related skills in explaining physics. The study showed that joint professional knowledge (the weighted sum of CK, PCK, and PK scores) at the beginning of the field experience impacted the development of explaining skills during the field experience ( β = .38**). We interpret this science teachers' action-related skills (enacted PCK): professional knowledge is necessary for the development of explaining skills. That is evidence that personal PCK affects enacted PCK. In addition, field experiences are often supposed to bridge the theory-practice gap by transforming professional knowledge into instructional practice. Our results suggest that for field experiences to be effective, preservice teachers should start with profound professional knowledge.


Graph-based prediction is essential in NLP tasks such as temporal knowledge graph completion. A cardinal question in this field is, how to predict the future links, nodes, and attributes of a time-evolving attributed graph? Unfortunately, existing techniques assume that each link, node, and attribute prediction is independent, and fall short of predicting the appearance of new nodes that were not observed in the past. In this paper, we address two interrelated questions; (1) can we exploit task interdependence to improve prediction accuracy? and (2) can we predict new nodes with their attributes? We propose a unified framework that predicts node attributes and topology changes such as the appearance and disappearance of links and the emergence and loss of nodes. This frame-work comprises components for independent and interactive prediction and for predicting new nodes. Our experimental study using real-world data confirms that our interdependent prediction framework achieves higher accuracy than methods based on independent prediction.


Background :One of the symptoms that occur in dengue cases is the presence of fever. Fever is a state of body temperature above normal as a result of an increase in the temperature control center in the hypothalamus. Fever can endanger the safety of the child if not treated quickly and appropriately will lead to other complications such as, hyperthermy, seizures and loss of consciousness.Water tepid sponge is a procedure to improve the control of body heat loss through evaporation and conduction. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the results of previous studies on the effectiveness of tepid sponge against decreasing body temperature of children with dengue fever. Method: The method used is literaturereview. The first stage begins with straightening out articles using Pubmed and Google scholar search engines . The keywords used in article search are DBD, Tepid sponge, child. Results: From the five articles analyzed, results were obtained that there was an influence of the tepid sponge method on the decrease in body temperature of children with dengue fever. Conclusion: Tepid sponge is effective against decreased body temperature of children with dengue fever.


Background: The Mini C-arm has been heralded as a safer means of fluoroscopy. No clinical data on the use of mini C-arm is available in the literature. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the exposure in clinical practice from the conventional C-arm and the Mini C-arm and scrutinize patterns of exposure. Materials/methods: Case-Control design. All operations using the mini C-arm were reviewed. Control cases were identical operations using the conventional C-arm. The Sign test was used to detect the number of exposures taken and the dose of radiation. Results: There were 16 operations with valid case-control pairs. The number of exposures performed was significantly greater for the mini C-arm (p=0.05), but the emitted dose of radiation was significantly smaller (p Conclusions: The mini C-arm is a safer device for extremity surgery, but the surgeon should be careful to avoid excessive exposures.


During 1951‐1959 inclusive 391 patients with invasive cervical cancer were subjected to pelvic lymphadenectomy, usually in association with radical hysterectomy. Twenty‐nine per cent, had nodal metastases, the incidence being 20% in Stage 1 and 26% in Stage 2. Of the patients with involved nodes only 32% survived 5 years or more, compared with 76% in those without involved nodes. Patients in the latter group with Stage 1 lesions had a much better prognosis than those with Stage 2 lesions.


Information System (IS) is an asset for an organization so that its application must be protected properly. It is important in the business environment to work with the internet and where information sent and received has more types of threats and vulnerabilities. This paper wants to discuss two methods for assessing information system security risks in financial technology institutions. The methods to be discussed are the VECTOR Matrix method and the OCTAVE Allegro method. The VECTOR method is a security risk assessment method used to prioritize critical risks. While the method for carrying out a more detailed level of security risk analysis, it is recommended to use the OCTAVE Allegro approach. What IS security practices can learn is the reason for choosing the VECTOR Matrix and OCTAVE Allegro method. That these two methods are complementary during the information security risk assessment process in the business environment.


The authors consider an H/sub 2/ optimal control problem for sampled-data systems. After defining an H/sub 2/ norm for sampled-data systems, they give a state-space solution to the optimal controller synthesis problem. They show that the H/sub 2/ optimal control problem for a sampled-data system is equivalent to a standard H/sub 2/ optimal control problem for a related discrete-time system.<<ETX>>


The paper considers the effective inclusion in differential diagnosis of DCS in decisions involving groups of patients not yet primarily exposed to the process. 55 patients were involved in two samples taken within the group as a whole. One of the samples is characterised as being unambiguously diagnosed neurotic without there being any neurologic-psychiatric or other (internal medical) findings (no organic brain injury, no symptoms of seizure, no cerebro-vascular insufficiency CVI, etc.). The other sample comprehended patients with a clear CVI diagnosis, minor EEG findings, and with or without internal medical findings. By applying a specific "index of instability" resulted in an assured diagnostic distinction.


Abstract 4814 Background and Aims We synthesized two phospha sugar derivatives, 2,3,4-tribromo-3-methyl-1-phenylphospholane 1-oxide (TMPP) by reacting 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene 1-oxide with bromine, and we has reported their potential as an antileukemic agent in cell lines. In this study, we have investigated that TMPP have antileukemic effects as shown in various leukemia cell lines as well as primary AML patient specimens. Moreover, we have identified the target molecules of TMPP by using docking simulation. Methods In human leukemia cell lines (HL60, NB4, U937, NOMO-1, CEM, MOLT4, SUP-B15, and YRK2 cells), the anti-leukemic effects were elevated by cell proliferation assay, Cell cycle analysis, Western blotting. In AML cells derived from AML patients and normal hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from healthy volunteers, the changes of viability by treatment with TMPP were evaluated. By using docking simulation, the target molecules were identified in leukemia cells treated with TMPP. Results TMPP showed inhibitory effects on leukemia cell proliferation, with mean IC 50 values of 10.2 nmol/L for TMPP, indicating that inhibition appeared to be dependent on the number of bromine atoms in the structure. Further, TMPP at 8.4 nmol/L induced G2/M cell cycle block in leukemia cells, and TMPP at 17.3 nmol/L induced apoptosis in these cells. TMPP treatment reduced cell cycle progression signals (FoxM1, KIS, Cdc25B, Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, and Aurora-B) and tumor cell survival (Bcl-2, p27 Kip1 and p21 Cip1 ). Further, treatment with TMPP significantly reduced the viability of AML specimens derived from AML patients, but only slightly reduced the viability of normal ALDH hi progenitor cells. We also found that TMPP showed the strong activity against Aurora kinase B and Bcl-2 by using docking simulation. Conclusion We demonstrate that TMPP inhibits Aurora kinase B and Bcl-2 and shows a dominant Aurora B kinase inhibition-related cell cycle arrest and the induction of mitochondrial potential catastrophe-related apoptosis in acute leukemia cells. Moreover, we identified Aurora kinase B and Bcl-2 as the target molecules of TMPP. We conclude that TMPP has great therapeutic potential in anticancer therapy in a wide range of cancers. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model for human activity recognition. Our model is equipped with sparse learning, which absorbs a greater number of classes without making a significant change in the size of the model while sustaining the accuracy of existing classes. In addition, our model is lightweight than state-of-the-art models as we have utilized FCN-LSTM (Fully convolution network – Long Short-term Memory). Our model predicts human activities such as walking, walking-upstairs, walking-downstairs, sitting, standing, and laying (total 6 classes). For validation of our deep learning model, we have utilized a well-known opensource dataset such as the UCIHAR-dataset, which contains collections of smart-phones data of 30-subjects performing different activities with a smartphone. We evaluated the model using sparse learning and have shown that our model outperforms in learning features with few epochs with high accuracy and compact size, and efficient inference time correspondingly.


A finite element 2D simulation of recorded magnetization on a slave medium with patterned thin films on a master medium was performed by solving the Poisson equation for the magnetic printing system. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The printing field decreases drastically in the central region of two magnetic films as compared with that at the film edges. (2) When the printing field is weak, the magnetization in the central region cannot be switched under the printing field, and the output voltage waveform is severely distorted. (3) When the printing field is too strong, the peak of the output voltage waveform shifts in the film edge direction, although the magnetization can be switched completely. (4) The optimum printing field depends strongly on the distance between the films.


Abstract Cricotopus van der Wulp and Paratrichocladius Santos Abreu are among the most common genera of Chironomidae found in fresh waters throughout New Zealand. Imago, pupa, and fourth (final) instar larva of Cricotopus hollyfordensis n. sp. are described, and the male imagines, pupae, and larvae of Cricotopus zealandicus Hutton and Para‐trichocladius pluriserialis Freeman are redescribed from new material. C. hollyfordensis n. sp. can be distinguished from other Cricotopus species by antennal ratio and absence of tibial and abdominal markings in the male imago; shape and form of the thoracic horn, distinctive abdominal spinule patterns and lateral setae in the pupa; and mentum and mandible characteristics in the larvae. The combination of tibial and abdominal markings of the male imago; thoracic horn and abdominal spinule patterns of the pupa; and mentum and mandible characteristics of the larva distinguish C. zealandicus from P. pluriserialis and all other New Zealand Cricotopus species. P. pluriserialis is distinguished from Cricotopus species by the presence of normal and erect dorsocentral setae in the adult; smooth thoracic horn and distinctive abdominal spinule patterns of the pupa; mentum and mandible characteristics, supra‐anal setae longer than 2–3 abdominal segment lengths, and abdominal setae simple, never in tufts, in the larva. C. hollyfordensis n. sp. has been recorded from a fast flowing mountain


With the rapid development of science and technology and people's gradual realization of the principles of things,it seems that there are closer relationship among things.Therefore,thematology plays more and more important role in the society.In order to study the features and characteristics of thematology,a new perspective will be discussed on the features of the research on thematology in postmodern perspective.


The degree of alignment of a paramagnetic probe, vanadyl acetylacetonate, has been measured as a function of temperature in mixtures of p-azoxyanisole with various non-mesomorphic solutes. Although the addition of the solute results in a large depression of the isotropic-nematic transition point, the alignment of the probe is largely unaffected. This suggests that the presence of the solute does not seriously disturb the highly-ordered structure of the mesophase. This view is confirmed, or the degree of alignment of the probe at the same reduced temperature is independent of either the solute or its concentration.


Toxic manifestations during isoniazid therapy are encountered in less than 5% of cases treated, and we have been able to trace little mention of them in children in the literature. The drug is now widely used in the treatment of tuberculosis and is universally prescribed as an adjuvant to streptomycin in tuberculous meningitis. The following case report concerns a child who developed pellagra late in the treatment for tuberculous meningitis.


In vehicle head-on collision, the side member cannot be collapsed more than 70% of its length because of its bulk. Moreover, its initial peak load is sometimes too high. So the authors have investigated the foldable origami cylinder structure - reversed spiral cylindrical (RSC) for the existing side member. RSC has solved these two problems mentioned above. In this paper, we treat so called crash box which is shorter than the side member. In the shorter length case, it makes much more difficult to solve the two problems mentioned above simultaneously. With using RSC for the crash box, it is requested to achieve that initial peak load is lower; meanwhile the amount of crash energy absorption is equal or higher than the existing energy absorber. In order to response to the difficulties, the authors try to seek an ideal design specification consisted by RSC and a straight cylinder.


A method to fabricate a low cost, large area and flexible mould and its applications in large area roller embossing are presented in this paper. A liquid crystal polymer (LCP) film, which had a glass transition temperature as high as 280 °C and was clad with a copper foil on each side, was used as a starting material for mould fabrication. The LCP film and the copper foil were 50 µm and 36 µm thick, respectively. The copper foil was patterned via photolithography and copper etching process. A large polymer-metal hybrid flexible mould of 200 × 200 mm2 (effective pattern area: 150 × 150 mm2) was fabricated. The fabricated mould has a minimum feature size of 25 µm, and has been used to demonstrate large area micro roller embossing as well as ultraviolet casting. Microfluidic devices were embossed on polymeric as well as ceramic green substrates.


Art teaching, which plays as an important role as other teachings in modern education, undertakes the responsibility and obligation to cultivate students?innovation and creativity, and advances their lifelong progress as well as to promote China抯 quality education (Student-oriented Education). Therefore, teaching objectives , content , approaches and evaluation of elective art course set up in comprehensive universities should follow the principles of being student-centered, lifelong-progress-oriented, to accomplish the goal of improvement and innovation in art education on the basis of original achievements.


Objectives: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction has been shown to be a successful treatment for patients with recurrent patellar instability and is increasingly used to treat skeletally immature patients. The purpose of this study is to compare radiographic parameters prior to and following an MPFL reconstruction with femoral tunnel fixation in the skeletally immature patient to investigate potential effects on the physis and future growth. Methods: Skeletally immature patients undergoing isolated MPFL reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed. Fixation of proximal MPFL was performed as a femoral socket using Schottle's point with the entry approximately 5 mm distal to the physis. Patients with open growth plates and 1-year postoperative standing alignments were included. Radiographic measures of patellar tilt, patellar height, patellar subluxation, and trochlear dysplasia were compared pre-operatively and post-operatively on the operative limb. Pre- and post-operative coronal alignment and limb length measurements were compared between the operative and non-operative limbs. Results: Nineteen skeletally immature patients with an average age of 11.6 years (range 5-15 years old) underwent isolated MPFL reconstruction. The average follow-up time was 24 months. No significant differences were found between the change in femur (0.49 mm, p=0.526) or total limb length (1.08 mm, p=0.241) when comparing the operative to the non-operative limb, with an average of 47 mm of growth in the operative limb seen during the time period. There was no significant difference in the change in LDFA between operative and non-operative limb as well as symmetric changes noted in the mechanical axis. The change in patellar tilt on the operative limb was found to be significant (12.78°, p=0.030), and the change in patellar height by Caton-Deschamps approached significance (0.08mm, p= 0.077). No significant difference was found with trochlear dysplasia measures. Conclusion: The present study suggests MPFL reconstruction with femoral tunnel fixation is safe and does not result in growth disturbance in skeletally immature patients. Table 1. Mean Tegner Activity Score based on type of posterolateral tibial plateau impaction fractures. N Tegner Score STD No fracture 198 6.0 2.1 Type I 99 5.5 2.1 Type IIA 51 5.4 1.9 Type IIB 20 4.7 1.6 Type IIIA 11 4.5 2.5 Type IIB 21 4.9 1.9 STD-Standard deviation


Entropy stabilized materials [1], where the mixing of the components is driven by configurational entropy rather than formation enthalpy, are potential candidates for ultra-high temperature applications. The prediction of which compositions will form entropy stabilized materials is difficult since calculating the entropic contribution to the free energy from first principles is computationally expensive. Therefore, we have formulated a descriptor for the synthesizability of disordered materials based on the energy distribution of the thermodynamic density of states (TDOS) for an ensemble of ordered configurations generated using the AFLOW (Automatic FLOW) partial occupation (AFLOW-POCC) methodology [2,3] and calculated with DFT. This descriptor has been used to successfully predict which refractory metal carbide compositions can be experimentally synthesized as singlephase entropy stabilized materials [4].


A substrate conveyor includes roller units (4,5) for carrying a substrate mounted on a conveyance plane of a conveyance path along the conveyance path, a lift (7) provided with the conveyance plane for relatively separating the substrate mounted on the conveyance plane, a side-positioning device (6) for moving the substrate separated from the conveyance plane in the breadthwise direction of the conveyance path to position at a predetermined position, and a conveyance path sectioning device (9) provided at the breadthwise center of the conveyance path for sectioning the conveyance path in the breadthwise direction and also arbitrarily making a guide roller (9d) for guiding the substrate in a direction parallel to the conveyance path frequently appear from the conveyance plane.


Ground–penetrating radar (GPR) data were collected over a 10–year period on sites composed of loess over
alluvium over Tertiary sands. During wet periods, radargrams exhibited ephemeral columnar patterns occurring in and
around the alluvium/Tertiary sand interface. Following prolonged dry periods, radargrams did not exhibit the columnar
patterns. Extracted soil cores contained vertical preferential flow paths and vertical macro pores. A trench excavation
revealed increased preferential flow paths in those areas that exhibited columnar patterns. Conductivity shifts and sharper
dielectric contrasts of localized moisture ponded or drained at this interface may cause reverberation patterns beneath.


The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between self-concept and leadership style of prospective teachers. The sample consisted of 300 B.Ed. students in Kancheepuram district. Self-made tools were used for the study. Data was analysed using t-test and r-value. Result showed that there is positive relationship between selfconcept and leadership style of prospective teachers.


Jennifer Courts considers the career of Caterina van Hemessen, a portraitist and
 a member of the court of Mary of Hungary. Her virtues as a painter were praised
 by contemporaries, and she is recognized by modern scholars for her artistic
 innovation; yet signed paintings by the artist ceased at approximately the same
 time she entered courtly service. Rather than viewing painting as the pinnacle of
 her career, the author argues that Caterina's artistic output served as a means of
 social mobility. The author also suggests that van Hemessen's activities created
 opportunities for subsequent artists, notably Sofonisba Anguissola, who arrived at
 the Habsburg court in Spain after shortly after van Hemessen's departure in 1558.


Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have drawn much attention due to their interesting mechanical properties such as extraordinary elastic strain limits and a high tensile yield stress [1-6]. For example, their yield strengths can be up to 1 to 5GPa and elastic strain limits up to ~2% [7-10]. However, their use for engineering applications has been challenging since BMGs exhibit localized strain softening leading to failure and brittleness. The underlying atomicscale plastic mechanisms are believed to be mediated by a local microscopic mechanism [11-14]. Such localized processes have been observed during high-strain deformation atomistuc simulations [15-22] inspiring the development of the shear transformation zone (STZ) concept and the effective temperature theory of athermal glass plasticity [23-25].


In 1998, a unique collaboration commenced between the Performing Older Women's Circus (POW), older residents of the municipality of Maribyrnong, and the Maribyrnong City Council. This collaboration culminated in the circus show The Art of Falling is Never Landing. The show, combines a positive ageing message with the message that falls amongst older people are preventable in a way that crosses linguistic and cultural barriers.


Abstract This article explores themes of violence and conflict linking two Hispano-Latin chronicles of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries: the Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris and the Chronica Latina Regum Castellae. There are striking contrasts in their tone and presentation of events but a remarkable similarity in the authors' understanding of conquest as a biblical epic, often with violent images derived from Old Testament sources. The historical narrative demonstrates an awareness of scripture that conditioned the authors' worlds. No evidence exists that the author of the Latin Chronicle knew about the earlier work, though the convergence of theme and allusion make a comparison of the two texts plausible. First, they were reasonably short chronicles dealing with specific periods rather than with the general scope of history. Second, they were written when Christian victories over the Muslims were recently celebrated events. Third, they were written to eulogise monarchs whose lives they witnessed.


Background Muscle cramp is possibly related to peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH), and one of the most debilitating symptoms frequently encountered in patients with liver cirrhosis. We investigated whether pregabalin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue, can suppress neuronal excitability and reduce muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which study participants with cirrhosis from a single tertiary center were enrolled. Primary endpoint was the relative change in cramp frequency from the run-in to standard dose treatment phase (4 weeks per each). Secondary endpoints included the responder rate, and the changes in cramp frequency during sleep, pain intensity, health-related quality of life (Liver Disease Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form-36) and electrophysiological measures of PNH. Results This study was terminated early because of insufficient accrual. 80% (n = 56) of the target number of participants (n = 70) were randomized to pregabalin (n = 29) or placebo (n = 27). Median baseline frequency of muscle cramps (interquartile range) was 5.8 (3.5–10) per week in the pregabalin group and 6.5 (4.0–10) in the placebo group (P = 0.970). The primary analysis showed a significant reduction in cramp frequency with pregabalin compared to placebo (−36% vs. 4.5% for the percentage change, P = 0.010). Secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups. Adverse effects with pregabalin were mainly dizziness and lethargy. Conclusion With multiple problems emerging from premature termination in mind, the results suggested an acceptable safety profile and favorable effect of pregabalin in reducing muscle cramps compared to placebo in cirrhotic patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01271660


Acceleration measurements are most commonly employed to determine mode shapes by modal identification. There are two simple reasons for this: an acceleration sensor is easy to apply and deflection mode shapes can directly be estimated from acceleration signals by experimental or operational modal analysis techniques. In the past strain gauges have played a minor role in modal identification because they were of single use and more difficult to apply. Another drawback is that strain modes need to be
converted into deflection modes. Nevertheless there are applications where strain measurements show
better performance than acceleration measurements if rotating structures are considered. Recent progress
in strain measurement technology with fiber optical strain sensors offering spatially nearly continuous
measurements up to more than 100Hz of sampling rate raise the interest for aeroelastic applications. This
study will analyze the use of strain sensors for aeroelastic applications.


Abstract 1961 Standard-dose lenalidomide (25mg D1-21) and dexamethasone (40mg D1-4,9-12,17-20) [len-dex] is efficacious in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) as demonstrated in the phase III MM010 and MM009 trials. However, toxicities were often seen in patients who were elderly or had renal impairment necessitating dose reductions. Given that MM is a disease of the elderly, and that up to 50% of patients with MM present with baseline renal impairment, we investigated the efficacy and tolerability of lower-dose lenalidomide (15mg/d, d1-21q28d) and dexamethasone (20mg/d d1-4,9-12,17-20 q28d for 4 cycles followed by 20mg/d d1-4 q28d) until disease progression, in patients with relapsed/refractory MM aged ≥60 years, and/or with CrCL ≤60ml/min. Accrual for this prospective multi-centre phase-II trial was complete as of July 2010 (n=150). In a planned interim analysis (October 2009), response was analysed in 75 patients who had completed ≥4 treatment-cycles (range 4–24). These patients had a median age of 68 years (range 50–86), a median of 3 prior lines of treatment (range 1–7), and 38% of patients had at least moderate renal impairment with CrCL £60ml/min at baseline. By EBMT response-criteria, 69% of patients achieved ≥PR (65% PR, 4% CR), which was comparable to the MM009 and MM010 trials (≥PR 60–61%). By IRC response criteria, 69% of patients achieved 3PR (42% PR; 23% VGPR; 2% CR; 2% sCR). Median TTP was 13 months, again comparing favourably to the MM009 and MM010 trials (median TTP 11.1 and 11.3 months, respectively); median OS has not been reached. Patients with CrCL ≤60ml/min (n=28) had similar ORR (73%) to patients with normal renal function, consistent with prior subanalyses from MM009/MM010. Toxicity was assessable in 124 patients who received at least 1 treatment-cycle. The incidence of Grade 3/4 neutropenia (13% vs. 30–41%), thrombocytopenia (3% vs 12–15%) and anaemia (2% vs. 9–13%) was much lower compared to that reported with standard-dose len-dex in MM010 and MM009. Importantly, patients with CrCL ≤60ml/min did not experience higher incidences of grade ≥3 haematologic or non-haematologic toxicities. The incidence of infections (8% vs. 10–21%) and veno-thromboembolism (VTE) (4.8% vs. 15–20%) were notably lower than that reported with standard-dose len-dex in the MM009 and MM101 trials. This may be related to the lower dose of dexamethasone used as suggested by the results from the ECOG E4A03 study in the front-line setting. Conclusion: this planned interim analysis indicates that lower-dose len-dex may significantly reduce the incidence of haematological toxicities, infections and VTE, without compromising the efficacy in relapsed/refractory MM patients aged ≥60 years, or who have renal impairment. To consolidate these findings, we plan to perform in all 150 patients from this study, a formal comparison with a matched cohort of patients receiving standard dose of len-dex from the MM009 and MM010 trials. Disclosures: Lynch:Celgene Pty Ltd: Employment, Equity Ownership. Harrison:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Prince:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding.


The book presents a unique, easy-to-follow system that the author developed to create effective colour patterns, which differentiates it from the standard index-style books on the market that provide colour combinations without placing those combinations in context. In every spread, the author presents the work of a designer or painter and breaks down its colour palette, providing colour squares as well as details of the art is it's inspiration for his or her use of colour. Each chapter opener is a perforated page of colour squares relevant to that chapter. Readers can tear out the colour squares or replicate them with Pantone chips or Photoshop printouts and place them on to cards, creating their own personal colour indexes.


Nd doped, Nd-Al co-doped anatase phase TiO2 thin films were fabricated on silicon substrates by laser ablation and post annealing. The result of measuring PL spectra showed intense emissions from a luminescent centre of Nd3+ ions in these thin films. The luminescence of Nd-Al co-doped samples were stronger and broader than only Nd doped samples. Doping concentration of Nd determined suitable co-doping concentration of Al and post annealing temperature. Also there is the difference of shape of the PL spectra which indicates that the difference of local fine structure around Nd. Based on these facts, XAFS spectra was measured and suggested that the coordination around Nd was changed by this Al-co-doping.


This article examines the impacts of giving pre-recorded evidence on complainants in family violence matters in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The use of pre-recorded evidence in the ACT was enabled in 2015 by the Crimes (Domestic and Family Violence) Legislation Amendment Act, which aimed to protect family violence complainants from being further traumatised by this element of the criminal justice process. The author examines this legislation in light of the effects of trauma on short-term memory and concludes the requirement that pre-recorded evidence be given 'as soon as practicable' after a family violence incident may be doing complainants more harm than good.


Abstract : This study investigated the ability of a computer program to diagnose patients for emergency treatment of emotional crises. Civilian and military personnel who had not been trained in clinical psychology or psychiatry interviewed 60 patients at the psychiatry department of a Naval hospital using a structured interview form. The results were entered into the Computer supported Assessment and Treatment Consultation for Emotional Crises (CATCEC) program. CATCEC and the clinicians agreed on 22 of the 30 cases (73%) for which both gave appropriate diagnosis. The remaining 30 patients seen at the clinic did not have any psychiatric problem and would not have required any psychiatric intervention at sea. They were, therefore, not appropriate for inclusion in the study. This study investigated the ability of a computer program to diagnose patients for emergency treatment of emotional crises. Civilian and military personnel who had not been trained in clinical psychology or psychiatry interviewed 60 patients at the psychiatry department of a Naval hospital using a structured interview form. The results were entered into the Computer supported Assessment and Treatment Consultation for Emotional Crises (CATCEC) program. CATCEC and the clinicians agreed on 22 of the 30 cases (73%) for which both gave appropriate diagnosis. The remaining 30 patients seen at the clinic did not have any psychiatric problem and would not have required any psychiatric intervention at sea. They were, therefore, not appropriate for inclusion in the study.


The general type of g inverse of matrix M=A B C 0 over non commutative principal ideal domain,and a neccessary and sufficient condition for block independence in g inverse of M are given,and two types of M - are discussed.


In order to investigate the effects of heat treatment of three animal by-products(feather meal, tallow meal, viscera meal) on in situ ruminal degradation characteristics and gastrointestinal availability of dietary crude protein(CP), three ruminally and duodenally cannulated dry Holstein cows were employed. Cows were fed a diet containing 60% concentrate and 40% orchard grass hay, and had free access to water and mineral block. Experimental feeds were processed for 4 hr at 149 in a forced-air oven, and were passed through a 1-mm screen. Degradation kinetics of feed protein in the rumen were fitted to an exponential type model, and intestinal availability was estimated by the mobile nylon bag technique. Effective CP degradabilities in the rumen for feather meal, tallow meal and viscera meal were 30.2%, 75.0% and 56.4% at 5% passage rate per hour(k=0.05), respectively. In addition, heat treatment increased effective ruminal CP degradability on feather meal and viscera meal treatments, whereas decreased in tallow meal treatment(P$


Packed with colour photographs, site plans, and case studies of both new projects and classics that have stood the test of time, this book reveals the inside story of how they were developed and what makes them special, offering vital facts about costs, rents, land uses, and more.


-India faces a twofold burden in the form of smoking and smokeless tobacco and is considered the leading capital of tobacco consumption. Tobacco contains numerous toxins and carcinogens which are extremely harmful to the human body and may cause oral cancers, lung cancers, heart disease, stroke, COPD, emphysema etc. It is the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and is considered the most significant etiological factor of oral cavity cancers, especially oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tobacco, is even said to have a link with the development of pre malignant conditions of the oral cavity namely leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submoucous fibrosis, tobacco pouch keratosis which may progress to developing oral cancers. This is a questionnaire based research study conducted in the community health care centres in Chattisgarh with the aim to study the association of pre malignant lesions with tobacco consumption prevalence, patterns of pre malignant conditions occurring in the oral cavity in response to various forms of tobacco consumption and the relation of premalignant and malignant conditions of oral cavity among tobacco users


Towing machine plays an important and key role in building cable network. However most of employed equipment that mainly depends on importation at present is unable to meet the requirement of building cable networks completely because of the limitation of running function. So it is very important to design a new type self-driven towing machine integrated towing and running function to solve the problem of swiftly orienting and transporting. In this paper the key technology of the new type self-driven equipment is elucidated and analysed. The intercoordination method among parameters of power supply and two executive components of function iteratively has been applied to determine the parameters and structural dimensions of engine, main oil pump and main hydraulic components. Based on the results of calculation using intercoordination method, the optimum selection of parameters and dimension of main components have been accomplished to obtain on the condition of maximum of work efficiency of power supply. At the same time the design of new type self-driven towing machine has achieved integration towing and driving.


The scattering of low energy electrons by metal surfaces has been studied for many years now. The electron's ease of generation and detection and high surface sensitivity (low penetration depth) make it an ideal probe for surface scientists. The impinging electron can interact with the surface in basically two ways: it can either elastically reflect (or diffract) from the surface without losing energy or lose a portion of it's incident energy and inelastically scatter. In this paper we will be concerned with only one of many possible inelastic scattering processes: the loss of the electron's energy to the vibrational modes of atoms and molecules chemisorbed on the surface. This technique is known as high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (or ELS, EELS, HRELS, HREELS, etc.).


In this number of the EMS newsletter we have 4 major issues. First of all we would very much like to welcome Prof. Dr. Christian Schofer from the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, as the new Treasurer of EMS, taking over the task of Prof. Dr. Leo Ginsel who passed away last January. The search for a new Treasurer was not easy but we are convinced that we have found a very reliable and conscientious colleague in Christian. All relevant paperwork that was left by Leo and his co-worker Jack Theuws is now with Christian, the info for the bank account has been transferred (but the account number and bank haven't changed!), and Christian is ready to come and to join us on the EMS Executive Board.


Grasswort is one of the most famous poems in The Book of Songs. There have always been several explanations about its original meaning. Reviewing the views of previous researchers, the main ideas can be summarized as the theory of monarch seeking Robinson, the theory of the men of virtue missing the wise monarch and the theory of the wives missing their husbands in expedition. Ancient people used to explain poetry with the idea of using poetry. But if exploring the original meaning of the poetry, people must start from the original meaning of the content. Integrating linguistics with history, the original meaning of Grasswort is the missing by the wives for their husbands in banishment.


We report measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in UGe (2) under hydrostatic pressures up to 17.6 kbar, exceeding the critical pressure P(c) for the suppression of ferromagnetism. A discontinuous change of the Fermi surface is found to occur across P(c). Substantially enhanced effective masses (approximately 40m(e)) are found near P(c) on both the ferromagnetic and the paramagnetic sides.


The processes of structure formation in 12% solutions of poly(p-phenylene)pyromellitamido acid in DMAA that take place upon storage for a month at room temperature and for a year at 2°C were quantitatively studied by polarized light scattering. The structural rearrangements were reversible and heating for 15 min at 50°C restored the initial structure of the system.


Three doubly bridged FeII-porphyrins are synthesized having a cavity formed on one face by an anthracene-containing bridge and an imidazole ligand strapped across the other face; all three models bind oxygen reversibly at ambient temperature, the oxygenated form of the best system being stable for almost 2 days.


This paper presents an algorithm for the calculation of the active thrust of backfill with an irregular profile acting on retaining walls. The problem is addressed with Coulomb's method, assuming that the slip surface delimiting the thrust wedge is linear in form and considering equilibrium of forces. The thrust is expressed as a non-linear function of the inclination of the slip surface and has corners, corresponding to the vertices of the piecewise linear surface describing the topographic profile of the backfill, and jumps in connection with the points where line surcharges are applied. The maximum thrust is obtained by differentiating the thrust inside each segment between two successive vertices and inspecting the function in the vertices.


Corporate governance has gained unparalleled importance in Bangladesh. An effective corporate governance system presupposes the protection of minority shareholders of companies. The Companies Act, 1994 which was enacted with one of its main objective as protection of minority shareholders has failed to provide expected security and remedy to the minority shareholders against oppression. These shareholders' rights are still insufficient, given the importance of good corporate governance and reliable shareholders' remedies in promoting investment and prosperity. The purpose of this research paper is to investigate the barriers and issues hindering the protection of those shareholders. Finally, the paper urges to adopt some more viable minority shareholders' remedies by proposing some recommendations.


In this paper, using Clarke's generalized directional derivative and dI-invexity we introduce new concepts of nonsmooth K-α-dI-invex and generalized type I univex functions over cones for a nonsmooth vector optimization problem with cone constraints. We obtain some sufficient optimality conditions and Mond-Weir type duality results under the foresaid generalized invexity and type I cone-univexity assumptions.


Abstract Background: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory mediator that is involved in the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previously, we demonstrated a small molecule compound 3-[(biphenyl-4-ylcarbonyl) carbamothioyl] amino benzoic acid (Z-590) could inhibit MIF activity with docking-based virtual screening and experimental evaluation. Methods: The LPS activated RAW264.7 macrophage cells were used to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Z-590 in vitro. A rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model was used to determine the anti-arthritic effects of Z-590 in vivo. Results: MIF inhibitor Z-590 significantly inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and markedly inhibited LPS-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Z-590 also significantly reduced paw edema, serum level of TNF-α, IL-6 and spleen index in the adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. Furthermore, Z-590 markedly ameliorated joint inflammation and articular cartilage damage in AIA rat model. Conclusion: MIF inhibitor Z-590 possesses potent anti-arthritic activity through suppression of macrophage activation, and could be a potential therapeutic treatment for RA.


An additional study of the morphological features of the frustule of Eolimna aboensis was carried out.
Images of the valves from the author's icon library obtained during the study of phytoplankton of Karelian lakes using scanning electron microscopy were used as the material. A comparative analysis of a number of qu-alitative features (the structure of the areolae and the raphe-sternum) made it possible to clarify the systematic position of this species and transfer it to a genus Sellaphora.


• March 2011 11 'confirmation of address' letters they cannot apply for child support grants, pensions, identity documents or even open bank accounts. People complained further that they do not receive report-backs about how the money collected through levies is spent. They expressed concern that the levies do not benefit the local communities from which they are collected. Speakers referred to tribal levies as a system of double taxation, targeting the 'poorest of the poor'.


Through 2–3‐year (2003–2005) continuous eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor fluxes, we examined the seasonal, inter‐annual, and inter‐ecosystem variations in the ecosystem‐level water use efficiency (WUE, defined as the ratio of gross primary production, GPP, to evapotranspiration, ET) at four Chinese grassland ecosystems in the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and North China. Representing the most prevalent grassland types in China, the four ecosystems are an alpine swamp meadow ecosystem, an alpine shrub‐meadow ecosystem, an alpine meadow‐steppe ecosystem, and a temperate steppe ecosystem, which illustrate a water availability gradient and thus provide us an opportunity to quantify environmental and biological controls on ecosystem WUE at different spatiotemporal scales. Seasonally, WUE tracked closely with GPP at the four ecosystems, being low at the beginning and the end of the growing seasons and high during the active periods of plant growth. Such consistent correspondence between WUE and GPP suggested that photosynthetic processes were the dominant regulator of the seasonal variations in WUE. Further investigation indicated that the regulations were mainly due to the effect of leaf area index (LAI) on carbon assimilation and on the ratio of transpiration to ET (T/ET). Besides, except for the swamp meadow, LAI also controlled the year‐to‐year and site‐to‐site variations in WUE in the same way, resulting in the years or sites with high productivity being accompanied by high WUE. The general good correlation between LAI and ecosystem WUE indicates that it may be possible to predict grassland ecosystem WUE simply with LAI. Our results also imply that climate change‐induced shifts in vegetation structure, and consequently LAI may have a significant impact on the relationship between ecosystem carbon and water cycles in grasslands.


We conducted the first human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele and genome‐wide association study to identify loci associated with hypersensitivity reactions exclusively to the PEGylated preparation of asparaginase (pegaspargase) in racially diverse cohorts of pediatric leukemia patients: St Jude Children's Research Hospital's Total XVI (TXVI, n = 598) and Children's Oncology Group AALL0232 (n = 2,472) and AALL0434 (n = 1,189). Germline DNA was genotyped using arrays. Genetic variants not genotyped directly were imputed. HLA alleles were imputed using SNP2HLA or inferred using BWAkit. Analyses between genetic variants and hypersensitivity were performed in each cohort first using cohort‐specific covariates and then combined using meta‐analyses. Nongenetic risk factors included fewer intrathecal injections (P = 2.7 × 10−5 in TXVI) and male sex (P = 0.025 in AALL0232). HLA alleles DQB1*02:02, DRB1*07:01, and DQA1*02:01 had the strongest associations with pegaspargase hypersensitivity (P < 5.0 × 10−5) in patients with primarily European ancestry (EA), with the three alleles associating in a single haplotype. The top allele HLA‐DQB1*02:02 was tagged by HLA‐DQB1 rs1694129 in EAs (r2 = 0.96) and less so in non‐EAs. All single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pegaspargase hypersensitivity reaching genome‐wide significance in EAs were in class II HLA loci, and were partially replicated in non‐EAs, as is true for other HLA associations. The rs9958628 variant, in ARHGAP28 (previously linked to immune response in children) had the strongest genetic association (P = 8.9 × 10−9) in non‐EAs. The HLA‐DQB1*02:02‐DRB1*07:01‐DQA1*02:01 associated with hypersensitivity reactions to pegaspargase is the same haplotype associated with reactions to non‐PEGylated asparaginase, even though the antigens differ between the two preparations.


The meteorological parameters really correspond with certain geographic location.Based on Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG) and Web Geographical Information System(GIS) technology,the provincial information system for meteorological parameters combined the historical information in meteorological database and the result of exploration with geographic information platform.With both Browser/Server(B/S) and Client/Server(C/S) model,user can get the geographic distribution of meteorological parameters for analyzing effectively.


Owing to the fact that the combination of adaptive, mesh free and Lagrangian natures of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method makes it proper in treating highly dynamic phenomena that occur in the extremely transient High-Explosive (HE) explosion process, In this study, a stabilized form of SPH method is applied for simulating the underwater explosion (UNDEX) process and its interacting problems such as free surface changes and bubble evolutions. In the present paper, prediction of free surface changes due to UNDEX bubble pulsations is performed by a newly developed stabilized SPH method, which adopts an innovative velocity field smoothing technique to stabilize the process, combined with an adaptive smoothing length scheme and an innovative Voronoi-based generated particle distribution.


We describe a recursive set-valued observer for discrete-time linear systems with quantized measurements. The observer is aimed at obtaining the smallest set-valued state estimate at every sampling instant. We limit computational complexity by deploying a block moving horizon strategy. Starting with a simple case, we incrementally enhance the observer design in order to improve performance in the presence of measurement noise, model inaccuracy and disturbances. We also implement a simple observer/controller strategy and demonstrate its performance by means of a simulation example.


Edna Gorney, Exploited and Protected: Ecofeminist Theory> of Nature, Culture and Society in Israel (Pardes Publishing, Haifa: 2011), 146 pp. (Hebrew).The ways we understand nature (and the world) prescribe the way we treat it, and these ways of understanding are ideological. Gorney's engrossing account deconstructs some common understandings of nature that were crucial in determining praxis in the first few decades of the Israeli state. She couples them with the dominant Zionist ideology to shows how the latter shaped the former. Gorney reads into the dominant national ideology in an effort to bring to the surface marginal and alternative ways of thinking about and behaving toward nature that did not prevail.The two parts of this book mesh the allegedly conflicting discourses and treatments of nature-exploitation and protection-into a dialectical alignment in two ways. First, exploitation and protection are seen as entangled, as two sides of the same coin-dominating nature. Second, they are seen as political acts, driven from a certain ideological foundation. Examining discourses and treatments of nature in this way allows for different kind of questions to be asked, questions about the conceptual paradigm from which actions and decisions regarding nature are being made. These questions These questions untangle the equating of "scientific" with "objective" in pursuit of ideological underpinnings. Within this structure of argumentation, Gorney also squarely positions her own scientific gaze within the prism of ecofeminism.In the first part of herbook, Gorney insightfully analyzes and compares two narratives of human interaction with nature as they are presented mainly by the scientific gaze of two Israeli-Jewish geographers who wrote the story of Hachula Lake, located in northern Israel. Gorney searches for their unrecognized political underpinnings. The case of Hachula Lake is uniquely fertile for umnasking rational decisions and actions and revealing their ideological base because it involved a major engineering intervention, which later had to be reverted due to its disastrous ramifications. The dominant story of the "winners"-w hich not only governs discussions, decisions and actions, but is also reflected in the actual space-is epitomized by the work of the geographer Yehuda Cannon, published in 1956. This was presented as a scientific and objective work and therefore superior to earlier accounts offering a different gaze, which were discredited as unobjective and unscientific. The work of Nathan Shalem published in 1935 represents the second, marginal narrative. It is characterized by sensitivity to the perspective of the "other" and by a capacity to integrate various angles-of the natives, the land and the Jewish settlers-into the Hachula story.To account for the split that the dominant narrative presents-a split between men and women, mind and body, culture and nature, rational and irrational, settlers and natives-Gorney employs ecofeminist critique. She uncovers the connections that the dominant symbolic system generates between these dichotomies: men-mind-culture- rational-intellect-settler versus women-body-nature-irrational-lust-natives. The former connotes with modernity, the latter with the pre-modern, undeveloped and uncivilized; the former is conqueror and owner, the latter therefore should be conquered and owned.Gorney poetically captures how actions of the modern Jewish man on nature symbolically resonate with acts of conquering the heart and body of a woman. The dominant Zionist narrative usually captures the new Jewish man as working the fields-strong, healthy and suntanned-and thus contrasting Iiis old diasporic image. But Gorney refines this observation, suggesting that the image of the new Jewish man discloses a more complex relation with the land, as the image is constructed also upon the domestication and subservience of the land: the Jewish man as owner and ruler (indeed, the Hebrew word for "husband" implies such relations). …


Three trachelocercid ciliates, Kovalevaia sulcata (Kovaleva, 1966) Foissner, 1997, Trachelocerca sagitta (Müller, 1786) Ehrenberg, 1840 and Trachelocerca ditis (Wright, 1982) Foissner, 1996, isolated from two coastal habitats at Qingdao, China, were investigated using live observation and silver impregnation methods. Data on their infraciliature and morphology are supplied. The small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) genes of K. sulcata and Trachelocerca sagitta were sequenced for the first time. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data indicate that both organisms, and the previously sequenced Trachelocerca ditis, are located within the trachelocercid assemblage and that K. sulcata is sister to an unidentified taxon forming a clade that is basal to the core trachelocercids.


Nontoxic, sustainable, and cost-effective, Group IV materials are attractive for a broad range of electronic and optoelectronic applications, although the indirect principal band gaps of silicon and germanium (Ge) present complications that impact device design and cost. Previous studies have shown that the band structures of these materials can be modified by the influence of quantum confinement in nanostructures or by alloying with tin (Sn) in metastable thin films; to date, neither method has produced a material with a direct band gap of appropriate energy for application in, for example, efficient solar photovoltaics. We have developed a facile colloidal method for the synthesis of size-controlled, homogeneous SnxGe1–x alloy nanocrystals (NCs) with remarkably high tin concentration (x up to 0.42). We demonstrate that NCs of the same size exhibit a pronounced, systematic red-shift in the optical band gap, and a significant increase in molar absorptivity, with increasing Sn-content, and a measurable pho...


Abstract TheComputer- Aided Environment of Chinese Ancient Poetry Researches is being developed in Peking University . This paper introduces the design andimpletementation of the system . The poetry of Song Dynasty is selected as the originalcontent of the system . All of the poems of LU You, a famous lost in Song Dynasty, and part of annotations, have been typed in . The paper introduces the system's fundamental function, such as retrieval, read,statis- tics, assistant tools and the related techniques , In details it describes Full TextRetrieval and Hypertext . The paper also introduces some deep researches which can be implemented bythe aid of the system :for example, the researches about rules and forms of ancient poetry, theresearches about ancient Chinese linguistics and the researches about the writing pattern of poets


Learning representations through self-supervision on a large-scale, unlabeled dataset has proven to be highly effective for understanding diverse images, such as those used in remote sensing image analysis. However, remote sensing images often have complex and densely populated scenes, with multiple land objects and no clear foreground objects. This intrinsic property can lead to false positive pairs in contrastive learning, or missing contextual information in reconstructive learning, which can limit the effectiveness of existing self-supervised learning methods. To address these problems, we propose a prompt-enhanced self-supervised representation learning method that uses a simple yet efficient pre-training pipeline. Our approach involves utilizing original image patches as a reconstructive prompt template, and designing a prompt-enhanced generative branch that provides contextual information through semantic consistency constraints. We collected a dataset of over 1.28 million remote sensing images that is comparable to the popular ImageNet dataset, but without specific temporal or geographical constraints. Our experiments show that our method outperforms fully supervised learning models and state-of-the-art self-supervised learning methods on various downstream tasks, including land cover classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, and instance segmentation. These results demonstrate that our approach learns impressive remote sensing representations with high generalization and transferability.


The Timed Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) will accurately and precisely determine the global vector MLTI (Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere) wind, temperature, and density profiles. It will measure characteristics of the gravity wave and planetary wave spectra. The tidal characteristics of temperature, density, and wind in the MLTI will be determined. The neutral and ion winds will be measured to characterize the electrodynamical behavior of the MLTI. Oxygen and O2 abundances and nocticulent cloud activity will be measured. This review goes into the calibration and error sources, optical design, mechanisms design, detector design, electronics design, microprocessor and flight software design, and quality assurance and parts.


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 This thesis is a socio-pragmatic study about the apologizing strategies used by English Department Students of State University of Malang to nine people based on social status and social distance differences. The social status here includes lower-, equal-, and higher- status whereas the social distance includes an intimate person, a familiar person, and a stranger. The apologizing strategies were collected using a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) modified from Wouk (2006). By using DCT, getting large numbers of respondents and collecting the data, and constructing to account for variation in speech act realization determined by social status and social distance and combining all possible variables (social status and social distance) can be done easily. In this study, DCT consists of nine situations in which the respondents were expected to give responses in the form of apologizing strategies to the nine people on different occasions. The first scenario was apologizing to lower status and intimate persons (their little brother/sister). In the second situation, the respondents had to apologize to lower status and familiar persons (their students). In the third situation, the respondents had to apologize to a stranger of lower status (an office boy). In the fourth situation, the respondents were expected to apologize to equal status and intimate persons (their boyfriend/girlfriend). In the fifth situation, the respondents were expected to apologize to equal status and familiar persons (their classmate). In the sixth situation, the respondents were expected to apologize to a stranger of equal status (another student). In the seventh situation, the respondents had to apologize to higher status and intimate persons (their mother). In the eighth situation, the respondents had to apologize to higher status and familiar persons (their boss). Finally, the respondents were expected to apologize to a stranger of higher status (a lady). The data found were placed in one of the Blum-Kulka et al. (1989) taxonomy of apologizing strategies. If a response could not be classified in that taxonomy, it is marked as a new response. The result of this study showed that English Department students tended to use multiple strategies or the combination of two or more strategies. The respondents rarely use a single strategy in apologizing. However, the strategy was used differently. Take an example, ' I am dreadfully sorry, Madam. If you please, I would clean your blouse. ' This data consists of two strategies; intensifier of apology by using intensifying adverbial and offering of repair. Another example is ' Boss, I'm sorry for making that foolish mistake. I'll retype it soon and I promise I'll never do the mistake again.' That example consists of four strategies; Illocutionary force indicating device (IFID), expressing responsibility by using admission, offering of repair, and promise of forbearance. IFID is the most common type of apologizing used by the respondents. Most of the respondents used it in the form of simple apology such as ' I'm sorry ' or ' forgive me. ' Another frequent semantic formula used is expressing responsibility by using admission of facts. This semantic formula is commonly used with IFID but it can also occur alone such as 'I can't attend your party because I have to accompany my mother to go to hospital.' Offering of repair is also commonly used in several situations in these findings. Besides the semantic formulas proposed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1989), there are six new semantic formulas which occur in these findings. Those six semantic formulas are request of apology, suggestion, asking something, asking someone to do something, asking for something, and downgrading by acting of teasing. Based on the findings, it can be seen that social status and social distance does influence the respondents in using apologizing strategies. The more intimate the respondents, the stronger the feeling of apologizing of their offence. The higher the status of the hearer, the stronger the feeling of apologizing for their offence and the more polite expression used. This research only investigated the apologizing strategies based on social status and social distance differences and the data for this study were from a DCT which did not reflect the naturally occurring speech. Therefore, a more extensive study is needed to contribute more to the real application of socio-pragmatic theory. A study about the influence of other social factors in apologizing might be interesting.


The organic chemistry practicum module 1 for students to practice chemistry education in semester 3 has been successfully developed. Module development has gone through a series of expert validation processes, capturing the responses of lecturers and students using a questionnaire instrument, and limited testing on the process of making practicum videos as virtual practicum materials for organic chemistry courses 1. The development is carried out in four stages, the define stage, the design stage, the develop stage and the dissemination stage. Modules that have been developed are declared valid by the validator in terms of feasibility an average value at 0.74 and practical percentage at 78.93%. The respondents gave a very positive response to the organic chemistry practicum module 1 so that the module was deemed appropriate to be used as a guide for carrying out practicum because it could improve students' science skills.


CD47 is a 47–50kDa membrane glycoprotein with 5 known isoforms. The role of CD47 within the erythrocyte membrane remains the subject of much research and debate though we recently provided evidence that CD47 may function as an inducer of eryptosis (Head et al , 2005). As both a cytoskeletal linked fraction and a smaller membrane diffuse fraction of CD47 exists, it is most likely that there are a number of protein species that are able to bind to CD47 at its cytoplasmic face. Our research has focused on a study of the molecular interactions of erythrocyte CD47 with erythrocyte membrane skeletal proteins protein 4.1R (p4.1R), protein 4.2 (p4.2) and p55. Here we demonstrate the ubiquitous expression of all CD47 isoforms in haemopoietic cells and tissues using basic and real-time PCR. Via immunoprecipitation of CD47 from mature erythrocyte membranes using the anti-CD47 mAb BRIC-126, yeast two-hybrid analysis and in vitro co-immunoprecipitation of 35[S] labelled peptides in a cell-free translation procedure, a novel ternary complex involving CD47, p55 and p4.1R has been indicated. More specifically, the potential interaction between p55/p4.1R and the cytoplasmic face of CD47 has been localised to the PDZ and FERM domain of these proteins respectively. Though research suggests p4.2 provides the major cytoskeletal attachment of CD47 (Bruce et al , 2002; Mouro-Chanteloup et al , 2003), a direct interaction between CD47 and p4.2 was not suggested by our study and remains undemonstrated. We continue to further the evidence for a functional role of CD47 in eryptosis. We propose p4.1R links CD47 to the apoptotic machinery of the cell and suggest a mechanism whereby cytoskeletal rearrangement and PS exposure occurs. 4.1null cells have been obtained and are currently being investigated. Further characterisation of the eryptotic pathway may offer insight into potential therapies for erythroleukaemia characterised by resistance of the erythroid lineage to apoptosis. This work has equal significance in the stabilization of red cell preparations in the blood transfusion setting.