We describe an experimental method for measuring the transmission of slow (<10 eV) electrons through thin solid bioorganic films at 300 K, with application to the amino acid tryptophan. The data were analyzed with the aid of a simulation model of electron transport in condensed media, which allowed, for the first time, an estimation of low-energy electron scattering mean free paths in a biological solid. (Resume d'auteur)


A common simultaneous HPLC method has been developed for the quantification of common analytes used in cough and cold products. The seven analytes acetaminophen, guafenesin, pheniramine maleate, phenylephrine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan are separated out. HPLC separation was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient system optimized for all seven analytes with different chemical structures.


of Afsaruddin's evidence. The task, of course, requires that Afsaruddin wield the evidence appropriate to her topic but also fashion a reply to the overarching question of how well debates of early Islamic history can be reconstructed. As Afsaruddin points out, it is hardly a question to be settled, certainly not in one book. Clearly sympathetic to the general view that such reconstruction is both possible and desirable, Afsaruddin joins this difficult debate with a sustained and effective work of scholarship. The book consists of an introduction, six chapters and a conclusion. The introduction treats, among other matters, the problem of retrieving the oldest transmitted material of Arab/Islamic society. Afsaruddin holds to our ability to sift out ancient "kernels" of tradition from all that is layered on and around them. Four subsequent chapters detail the terms of the respective cases for 'Ali and Abu Bakr. The chapters treat, in turn, "precedence in conversion to Islam," an issue that concerned not only conversion per se but its significance to early Muslim society; the "excellence" of each man, measured, in each case, by the cluster of virtues associated with them (eg. generosity and valor); "the central component of V/m," that is, the superiority of each man's knowledge (and, importantly, its provenance); and, finally, the questions surrounding "closeness" to the Prophet (respectively, kinship and longterm association). Afsaruddin then considers the approach by al-Jahiz and Ibn Tawus to Hadith as a source of evidence (Ch. 5) and their reliance on mostly Sunni exegetical literature in assembling their briefs (Ch. 6). The conclusion contains the useful reminder that "denomination labels and the affiliations they came to imply" in the early Islamic period were very much in flux.


This note deals with the problem of designing full order sliding mode control for uncertain singular time-delay systems via cone complementary linearizable iterative algorithm. These uncertainties are mismatched and have norm bounds. To estimate the sliding surfaces and the sliding control, a dynamical compensator is designed. Using the equivalent control approach the sliding mode is got, whose stability is analyzed, in the augmented space formed by the system states and the state estimation error. Based on the estimated state variables and system output, a sliding mode control scheme is developed such that the system is driven to the sliding surface and maintained on it thereafter. Finally, a simulation is presented to show the effectiveness of the results.


Semi-solid state joining of SSM A356 aluminum alloy under normal atmosphere using ZA27 as a filler was investigated. Localized semi-solid pool of ZA27 filler was created by an induction heating coil for butt joint of SSM A356. Then a stirrer was applied into the weld seam to stir the filler. The accurate control of semi-solid temperature during joining was measured. The effect of welding speed on physical and mechanical properties, macrostructure and microstructure was studied. The results showed that the weld microstructure was rosette globular structure. In addition, voids were found at the seam. The interface between base metal and filler exhibited sound bond. A decrease in welding speed resulted in a reduction in a number of voids presented in the structure. The best tensile strength and micro hardness of the joints were obtained from the optimum condition using rotation speed at 1,750 rpm and welding speed at 15 mm/min.


Objective: To explore the relationship between plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer and platelet count and short-term effect in patients with extensive stage small lung cancer( ES-SCLC). Methods: The plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer and platelet count were detected in 61 patients with ES-SCLC and 60 normal controls. Results: The D-dimer and plasma fibrinogen and platelet count were significantly higher than those of normal controls( P 0. 05). The plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer and platelet count in patients with ES-SCLC were not related to the age,sex,smoking history,brain metastasis,lung metastasis,pleural metastasis and adrenal metastasis,and were negatively correlated to the progression-free survival( PFS). Conclusion: The hypercoagulability state exists in the patients with ES-SCLC. The plasma levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer and platelet count in the patients with ES-SCLC are correlated with the short-term effect.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), possiblydue to microvascular damage as well as increased blood viscosity and embolic and thrombotic episodes. To perform a prospective,randomized clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic effect of lipo-prostaglandin E1 (lipo-PGE1) on SSNHL in Korean patientswith type 2 diabetes. Materials and Method:The study group consisted of 270 patients (130 males, 140 females) consecutivelydiagnosed with SSNHL. Patients were classified as diabetic or nondiabetic by the new American Diabetes Association criteria. Withthe approval of the institute ethics committee, patients were randomly assigned to treatment with a continuous infusion of 10 Llipo-PGE1 (lipo-PGE1 group) or saline (placebo group). In addition, all patients studied were treated with 48 mg methylprednisolonefor 5 days. Results:The overall recovery rates after treatment were 51.5% in diabetic and 64.2% in nondiabetic patients. Indiabetic patients, there was a significantly higher rate of hearing improvement in the lipo-PGE1 group (64.7%) than in the placebogroup (37.5%), whereas, in nondiabetic patients, there was no significant difference in the rate of hearing improvement betweenthe lipo-PGE1 group (70.3%) and the placebo group (58.3%). Conclusion:Lipo-PGE1 may have beneficial effects in the treatmentof SSNHL in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.


This collection of 39 articles is the most complete historical and contemporary overview of anthropology and development available in a single volume.


The intermetallic compound (IMC) formed at the interface between the solder and substrate is an inevitable result of the soldering process. It is an indication of good metallurgical bonding. But if it grows too thick, either during soldering or subsequent solid stage aging, it can have a deleterious effect on the strength of a joint or on the subsequent solderability of a component. Most of the literature studies have concentrated on the IMC growth during the solid stage aging. A few papers addressed the IMC formation during the molten stage, but most of these studies were in a temperature and time domain not applicable to the manufacturing soldering process. In this study, we examined the growth mechanism of the Cu,Sn, IMC in the molten stage between 100Sn, 96.5Sn-3.5Ag7 and 63Sn-37Pb solders on electroplated copper, which mimics the printed-wiring boards, and on rolled OFHC copper sheet, which simulates the component leads and electrical connectors. The IMC thickness was measured at 4 different temperatures from a low homologous temperature of 1.01 5 up to a high of 1.21 and for times fiom 10 to 120 seconds. IMC with Sn-3.5Ag and lOOSn solders grows from less than 1 pm at 10 seconds to about 1.5 to 2 pm after 120 seconds at the lower soldering temperatures, and from 1.5 pm at 10 seconds and reaches about 3 pm after 120 seconds at the higher temperatures. For Sn-37Pb, the IMC thickness starts at about 0.5 pm after 10 seconds and reaches about 0.7 pm at the lower temperatures and about 1.2 to 1.5 pm at higher temperatures after 120 seconds. The apparent activation energy of the diffusion coefficient of the IMC growth is in the range of 1.6 to 3.3 Kcal/mole, depending on the solders and substrates, and is larger for the plated copper substrate than the rolled copper sheet. The IMC on the plated copper appear smaller or less developed than that seen on the rolled copper sheet which is consistent with the difference in the activation energies. The general shape of the IMC varies considerably with the test temperature of the solder. For temperatures around 27OoC or less the growth appears smooth oval-like or nodular in character. Above 270 up to about 3OO0C the nodules appear faceted or more crystalline in nature and from there up to 34OoC, the highest temperatures tested, the growth appears acicular or more needle-like. Even for the shortest test time of 10 seconds and just slightly above the solder melting temperature, the IMC was seen to completely cover the entire surface of the copper. For critical automotive components and connectors, where reliability is not only expected but required, understanding and controlling this IMC growth is essential.


Unfortunately stress is part of the everyday life. However it is especially sad when it is a part of the lives' of many young children. This stress is often so burdensome to children that they find it difficult to meet their many required tasks whether they are of academic in nature and just daily routine. The authors address the needs of many children from both theoretical and from personal communications with teachers who are in the classroom on a daily bases with children. Many of the factors which seem to be the roots of the problems have been uncovered in this work as well as the effect these have on the


The article presents the problems, with which the young employees face during the period of professional and psychological preparation for service in a zone of anti-terrorist actions. Activity of staff of mobile groups with special function has a big public importance, being connected with the realized responsibility for results of performance of the professional tasks (not comparable to responsibility of employees in usual conditions), high risk, and danger to life and health. The success of understanding of importance of performance of the operative and office tasks facing by group depends on quality of communication in the collective departing to the official trip to the North Caucasus. Therefore, we offer in article a number of the actions with practical importance in preparation of young employees to the forthcoming official trip for performance of operative and office (fighting) tasks.


In this article we propose that in order to advance our understanding of motivation in collaborative learning we should move beyond the cognitive–situative epistemological divide and combine individual and social processes. Our claim is that although recent research has recognized the importance of social aspects in emerging and sustained motivation in collaborative learning activities, the social is mainly conceived as a unidirectional source of influence on individual motivation. In the article we examine the significance of motivation in research on collaborative learning. We discuss two characterizations of the role of the social in conceptualizations of motivation, namely, social influence and social construction, and outline our case for moving beyond the cognitive–situative divide and combining individual and social processes in research on motivation. Finally, we present illustrations from recent research on motivation in collaborative learning that has attempted to bridge the cognitive–situative divide across theoretical perspectives or using different methods.


field trials. The use of row-column analysis or neighbor analysis has been shown to increase the precision of a Spatial analyses of yield trials are a powerful method of adjusting large number of grain yield trials (Cullis and Gleeson, treatment means for spatial variation and improving statistical precision of mean estimation. Because yield trials are typically repeated 1989; Cullis and Gleeson, 1991; Kempton et al., 1994). across multiple locations and years, spatial analysis methods must Recent analyses of forage grass cultivar trials of a be adapted for combined analyses across locations and years. The range of cool season forage species have shown that it objective of this study was to evaluate the relative efficiency of nearest is possible to improve the precision of cultivar yield neighbor analysis (NNA) across locations and years for several perenestimates within a location through both optimizing the nial forage grass trials. Three spatial adjustment methods were develnumber of replicates sown, based on the likely differoped: preadjustment based on total forage yield, postadjustment ences between the cultivars under test, and utilizing based on total forage yield, and preadjustment based on forage yield statistical analyses that account for spatial variability in of individual harvests. For cool-season grasses on a multiple-harvest plot yield (Casler, 1999a,b; Smith and Kearney, 2002). management, NNA had relative efficiencies of 105 to 135% across When RCB designs were compared with lattice designs locations, years, and trials. Within trials, there was some consistency across harvests, resulting in greater improvements in precision for and NNA in a comparison of 27 perennial cool-season adjustment based on total yield. Across locations and years, the three grass trials, NNA was shown to provide more precise spatial adjustment methods always ranked the same in relative effiestimates of mean forage yield than either the lattice ciency: preadjustment by harvest preadjustment of total yield or RCB designs (Casler, 1999b). The improvements in postadjustment of total yield. The advantage of the preadjustment precision of entry means were shown to be incremental methods was likely due to fitting heterogeneous slopes (adjustment with an average improvement in precision of 15% due factors) across locations, years, and/or harvests. In contrast, trials to the use of RCB designs, an additional 17% due to with a single-harvest management for biomass production always had the lattice analysis, and a further 22 to 30% due to trend relatively low relative efficiency of NNA. Trial operators should assess analysis or NNA (Casler, 1999b). the relative efficiency of NNA on early harvests from all locations These improvements in the precision of the estimawithin a trial and if the relative efficiencies are large, they should consider the use of NNA across locations and years to adjust entry tion of cultivar herbage yield are of great importance means. given the rapid increase in the number of forage grass cultivars on the market, the relatively low rates of genetic gain for forage yield (0.1–0.5% yr 1; Van Wijk and Reheul, 1991; Casler, 1998; Casler et al., 2000), and P forage grass species are routinely tested the reduction in funds available for cultivar testing in a for improvements in forage yield through the use of number of countries. Nearest neighbor adjustment of replicated plot trials in a number of years and locations. cultivar means for individual trials provides improved These cultivar evaluation programs are essential for precision for cultivar means, but does not provide a making choices between forage grass cultivars and also direct assessment of cultivar environment interactions, for assessing whether new cultivars are broadly suited which require a combined analysis across locations or across a range of environments or possess more specific years. Supplemental analysis of adjusted cultivar means adaptation to certain environmental niches. could provide this information (Cullis et al., 1998), but The majority of forage cultivar evaluation trials are would not provide a test of each cultivar environment sown in a randomized complete block (RCB) design component (location, year, and location year). Thus, (APPEC, 1996). While the RCB design may be an effecthe need still exists to develop techniques to allow for tive way of controlling spatial variation in field trials in analysis of spatially adjusted means across environments one direction, it is ineffective when the spatial variability and years as forage cultivar trials are usually conducted is continuous in two directions, leading to considerable across 2 to 3 yr in a number of locations (Casler, within-block variability (Lin et al., 1993). There has a 1999a,b). been a marked change in the way that multienvironment The objective of this study was to evaluate several trial data from annual grain crop variety testing trials methods to use NNA to account for spatial variability are analyzed with a move toward spatial analysis (Gleein the yields of forage plots from nine separate cultivar son and Cullis, 1987; Cullis and Gleeson, 1989) to better evaluation trials conducted across locations and years. accommodate the plot-to-plot variation observed in The trials cover two distinct classes of forage cultivar evaluations: multiple-harvest hay trials of cool-season K.F. Smith, Agriculture Victoria, CRC for Molecular Plant Breeding, Pastoral and Veterinary Inst., Private Bag 105, Hamilton, VIC 3300, grasses, for which season-total forage yield is the trait Australia; M.D. Casler, USDA-ARS, U.S. Dairy Forage Research of interest, and single-harvest biomass trials of a warmCenter, Madison, WI 53706-1108. Received 19 Feb. 2003. *Correseason grass. sponding author (firstname.lastname@example.com). Abbreviations: LSR, least significant range; NNA, nearest neighbor Published in Crop Sci. 44:56–62 (2004).  Crop Science Society of America analysis; Pre-IH, preadjustment by individual harvests; RCB, randomized complete block. 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA


CLE Credit Hours: 1.5 As hate crimes are a major issue of concern for many Americans and in countries around the world, this 90-minute side event will discuss tools and programs to address hate crimes in the 57 Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) participating States (pSs), with emphasis on meeting the needs of hate crime victims. Speakers from the OSCE Office for Copyright © 2019 by The American Society of International Law doi:10.1017/amp.2019.129


Abstract Phosphamethincyanines prepared in 1964 by Dimroth and Hoffmann were among the first compounds with two-coordinate phosphorus. They are special cases of 2-phospha-allylic cations. Simple representatives of this type become available from the reaction of imidoyl chlorides with tris(trimethylsily1)phosphane.


The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method has gained popularity in recent years for treatment of flows in which the assumptions behind the continuum equations of fluid mechanics break down. In traditional DSMC methods, simulated particles may possess only a single velocity. This representation leads to a nonphysical representation of the velocity distribution function which limits convergence of the method. In a previous work, we proved that by applying kernel density estimation techniques, strong convergence for L solutions and pointwise convergence for bounded solutions was obtainable. In the current work we present numerical results for the DSMC-KDE method and present our current developments and results relating to a Distributional DSMC method. Initial numerical results indicate improved convergence is facilitated by such an approach over the DSMC-KDE method alone. We propose that the development of such a method could substantially improve convergence and potentially result in a substantial reduction of the variance associated with DSMC methods.


ABSTRACT Composite containing a TiO2 and hollow Au−Ag nanoparticles (H−AuAg−NPs) have been prepared by using H−AuAg−NPs with block copolymer shells as templates, and the influence of annealing temperature on structure, surface property, and the photocatalytic activity has been investigated. The structures of H−AuAg−NPs/TiO2 Composites were examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The carbon content was measured by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The specific surface areas and pore volumes of the H−AuAg−NPs/TiO2 composites after annealing at different temperature were characterized using the nitrogen gas sorption technique. The photocatalytic activities of the H−AuAg−NPs/TiO2 composite were investigated by the photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB). The results show that the TiO2 in H−AuAg−NPs/TiO2 composite is amorphous upon annealing at 400°C. Anatase phase appears as annealing temperature is increased to 450°C, and the crystallinity is further increased if the annealing temperature is raised to 500°C. The specific surface area decreases with annealing temperature from 400°C to 500°C. It is found that the H−AuAg−NPs/TiO2 composite annealed at 450°C shows the highest photocatalytic activity.


© 2021 FUJIFILM Healthcare Europe Holding AG Cirrhosis is the endstage result of a variety of diffuse liver diseases that lead to progressive fibrosis ending in an architectural distortion of the liver. The most common diffuse liver disease are non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and viral hepatitis due to HBV or HCV. It is estimated that more than fifty million people in the world are affected by chronic liver disease[1]. However, since many patients remain asymptomatic, this number is an underestimate. With the use of fast, cost-effective, and non-invasive tests using ultrasound, like liver shear wave elastography[2], a more realistic picture could emerge in the near future. By staging liver fibrosis early[3], better correc-tive clinical decisions can be made to prevent liver disease progression. We have introduced the Shear Wave Measurement (SWM) mode in ARIETTA ultrasound series products (ARIETTA 850, 750, and 65) for liver elastography imaging. The SWM allows the interrogation of the tissue by acoustic radiation force impulses (ARFI) induced into the tissues by focused ultrasonic beams and captures the propagation of resulting shear waves[9]. The shear wave speed propagating through the liver is related to the liver fibrosis staging. The key steps to obtaining shear wave speed are described below[7,8,9].


BBN Systems and Technologies (BBN) has developed a family of advanced acoustic processors (AAP) to support the company's contract research and development in shallow water sonar. The AAP family is built with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware and uses BBN's own distributed data flow software environment. This paper presents an overview of the AAP hardware and software architectures. Several illustrative examples of applications of the AAP to both scientific and operational problems are also presented.<<ETX>>


Since the beginning, agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy. The farmers have always received help from the Indian financial system to help them effectively complete their jobs. The use of financial services significantly impacts agriculture in the short and long term. The study's main objective is to promote inclusive growth while strengthening the agricultural industry. The study uses the number of Indian post-payment bank branches and their access points as proxies for financial inclusion because it seeks to assess the effect of financial inclusion on the net value provided by agricultural activities to the development of the nation. According to the results, there is a remarkable relation between the net value added by agricultural activity and our proxies or the number of IPPB branches and access points. Our study can be utilized to develop new financial policies for agriculture. Only 3–4 years of data are taken into account in the study. The trial can go on for a while longer. As new innovations take place constantly, our results could become obsolete. The government is making every effort to encourage inclusive growth; therefore, the numbers can increase in the near future.


The work is the use of audio-visual resources in Colleges of Education in Benue State: with specific reference to the College of Education, Katsina-Ala. The study was based on achieving the following purposes: To evaluate how the library meets the needs of the teachers in supply of audio-visual materials; the types and quality of audio-visual materials available in the college, their frequencies of use and inhibitions and finally what steps the librarian has taken in promoting or creating an awareness of the available audio-visual resources in the library. Two sets of questionnaires were administered to lecturers and staff in order to elucidate the needed information. The researcher also went to the college to observe and also to administer the questionnaire. Through the questionnaire and observation made by the researcher, data were collected, organized and analysed using non-parametric statistical techniques like percentages and frequencies; mean was also used in research question three for easy analysis and discussion because of the number of the items involved. It was finally discovered that:The College collection of audio-visual materials is fairly adequate. The lecturers in the college rarely use audio-visual resources in teaching. The chalkboard is the only audio-visual material frequently used by the lecturers. Non-availability, lack of supporting infrastructures and human factors are hindrances to the use of audio-visual aids in the college. There are numerous benefits that students derive from the use of audio-visual aids. The awareness of available audio-visual resources created by the librarian is not impressive.


Tropical Cyclone (TC) is the most devastating atmospheric incidents which occur frequently in pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season in Bangladesh. The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is one of the most vulnerable places of TC induced storm surge. The triangular shape of BoB plays an important role to drive the sea water towards the coast and amplify the surges. In this study, minimum central pressure, maximum wind speed and track of TC Roanu are predicted by the WRF model. At the same time, prediction of cyclone induced storm surge for TC Roanu is done by using MRI storm surge model which is conducted by JMA. The input files for this parametric model is provided by using simulated data of WRF model and observed data of IMD. The results are compared with available recorded data of surge height for this cyclone. The differences in simulated output for two different input files are also studied. The maximum surge height from the MRI model is found 3 m using WRF simulated data and for IMD estimated data the maximum surge height is found 2.5 m. The simulated surge heights are found in decent contract with the available reported data of the storm surges.


Artificial intelligence affect the management of internet content products. This paper defines the internet content products, figures out the model of internet content production process, proposes a profit model of Internet content operation. It also summarizes the impact of artificial intelligence on the operation of Internet content products.


We prove several interpolation theorems for many-valued infinitary logic with quantifiers by studying expansions of MV-algebras in the spirit of polyadic and cylindric algebras. We prove for various reducts of polyadic MV-algebras of infinite dimensions that if is the free algebra in the given signature, , is in the subalgebra of generated by , is in the subalgebra of generated by and , then there exists an interpolant in the subalgebra generated by and such that . We call this a varying interpolation property because the integer depends on the inequality . We also address cases where this interpolation property fails, but other weaker (also varying) ones hold. One such interpolation theorem says that though an interpolant may not be found as above, an interpolant can always be found if finitely many universal quantifiers are applied to making it smaller and the same number of existential quantifiers are applied to making it bigger. This number of quantifiers also varies; it depends on the inequality . Several amalgamation theorems for classes (mostly varieties) of polyadic MV-algebras are obtained. Completeness theorems, relative to Hilbert-style axiomatisations, for the corresponding infinitary many-valued predicate logics are derived using the methodology of algebraic logic.


Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) extraction contributes a crucial part in monitoring the cardiac electrical activity of fetal heart. In this context, we propose a hybrid technique for fetal ECG extraction using recursive least square (RLS) based adaptive filtering algorithm and stationary wavelet transform (SWT). The accuracy of fetal beat detection is enhanced using improved spatially selective noise filtration (ISSNF) algorithm. The algorithm is designed for extracting the fetal ECG signal deriving out of the mother's composite abdominal ECG signal and doctors can diagnose the health conditions of fetal heart during pregnancy period. The abdominal signal is decomposed into multi-resolution components using SWT. The scale of wavelet decomposition depends on different values of noise level. Fetal ECG extraction is performed using RLS algorithm. For denoising, ISSNF algorithm is used in wavelet domain. The proposed algorithm is experimentally evaluated using both synthetic dataset and clinical dataset. The performances of the proposed method are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively by observation, signal to noise ratio (SNR) calculation and R-peak detection. The results indicate superior performance when compared with the traditional methods of adaptive filtering. Hence the proposed system is well suited to fetal ECG extraction for generating clean fetal ECG signal with high SNRs and low distortions.


Objective To study outdoor air pollution,housing environm ent,parental factors,and respiratory health conditions in Benxi city's children and to examine associations between respiratory health outcomes and multiple ris k factors.Methods A polpulation of 2?263 children from three areas w ith different degree air pollution were studied in Benxi city,whose parents answ ered a questionnaire on their children's respiratory health and home environme nt.Results The prevalence of persistent cough,persistent phl egm,asthma,current asthma,wheeze and wheeze symptom were 11.89%,5.44%,1.15% ,0.62%,6.98% and 5.83% respectively.Rrespiratory increased in association w ith the home being adjacent traffic.Outdoor air pollution was a risk factor for respiratory morbidity outcome of children,especially for prevalence of wheeze.E xposure to family history of asthma,family history of hypersensitivity and perso n al history of hypersensitivity were associated with higher reporting of respira tory morbidity.The prevalence of respiratory disease in children was heighten wi th shortening of distance to main line of communication.Combining roles of sensi tive factor and outdoor air pollution,was stronger,the prevalence rates of respi ratory diseases in sensitive children that affection of other risk factors were higher, the prevalence rates of respiratory diseases in non sensitive children that affe ction of free other factors were lower,this difference was extraordinary signifi cant and very obvious.Conclusion Outdoor air pollution was important determinan ts of children's respiratory health in Benxi city.


California's photologging system is officially called the "Microlog System" in the Highway Safety Project Grant approved by the U. S. Department of Transportation.


In October 1943, starting my medical school days at the University of Oxford, I was dispatched to the bookshop in Broad Street to purchase the three volumes of the 10th (1940) edition of Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy. These were to become my constant companions during the next 2 years. I have them in front of me now as I write, their much-turned pages discoloured by the stains of various cadavers, the text underlined and annotated here and there with my unreadable writing. Even today, in my opinion, no other dissection guide gives such clear and helpful practical advice to the student and its illustrations cannot be bettered.


Creating harmonious corporate culture has been a new issue in present day society. Many scholars studied paths of creating harmonious corporate culture but nobody used quantitative methods. This study collected 205 valid questionnaires and held 12 study meetings to find the paths of creating harmonious corporate culture. Authors identified 62 analysis units and 27 small categories and 4 categories. All paths were assigned to 4 categories as spiritual culture, institutional culture, behavioral culture and material culture. This paper discussed paths of creating harmonious corporate culture in order to seek out which paths were perceived and received by most people. The results of this paper are useful to entrepreneurs who want to build harmonious corporate culture.


An identity-based proxy blind signature scheme from bilinear pairings is introduced, which combines the advantages of proxy signature and blind signature. Furthermore, our scheme can prevent the original signer from generating the proxy blind signature, thus the profits of the proxy signer are guaranteed. We introduce bilinear pairings to minimize computational overhead and to improve the related performance of our scheme. In addition, the proxy blind signature presented is non-repudiable and it fulfills perfectly the security requirements of a proxy blind signature.


AbstractCorrelation networks identified from financial, genomic, ecological, epidemiological, social, and climatic data are being used to provide useful topological insights into the structure of high-dimensional data. Strong convection over the oceans and the atmospheric moisture transport and flow convergence indicated by atmospheric pressure fields may determine where and when extreme precipitation occurs. Here, the spatiotemporal relationship among sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), and extreme global precipitation is explored using a graph-based approach that uses the concept of reciprocity to generate cluster pairs of locations with similar spatiotemporal patterns at any time lag. A global time-lagged relationship between pentad SST anomalies and pentad SLP anomalies is investigated to understand the linkages and influence of the slowly changing oceanic boundary conditions on the development of the global atmospheric circulation. This study explores the use of this correlation ...


AbstractHistorically Dalits have the lowest social status in Indian society. They were generally segregated and banned form participation in Hindu social life. This problem is the product of the caste system which is deep rooted in society. The Indian government has adopted measures to improve their conditions, only a small number of Dalits are able to make use of these opportunities. They face difficulties in rural areas where traditions are strong.The Dalit issue poses different and multifaceted problems to Indian state and society. Hindu social system relegates social status to the lowest level of the Hindu society. Some Dalits have acquired reasonable positions in Indian society through hard work and having education or by raising their economic status. However, they do not enjoy higher political status. The mind set of Indian people does not accept them equal to the high caste Hindus even if the Dalits get high education and good jobs.Key words: Dalits, India, high caste Hindus, caste system, Ambedkar.IntroductionHigher castes intentionally avoid close contact with the Dalit. Dalit status has often been historically associated with occupations regarded as ritually impure involving leather work, butchering, sewers, latrines, removing of rubbish and animal carcasses Dalit work as manual labors cleaning streets. Dalit were commonly segregated and banned from full participation in Hindu social life. Some Dalits have successfully integrated into Indian society which is a consequence of the deep rooted caste system and Dalits are supposed to be suffering from the punishment for their deeds in previous lives. Another problem with Dalit is owing to their untouchable status. They hardly find any productive work.The concept and feeling of un-touch ability is purely Indian value, it has been deep roots in the culture and philosophy of society in the spectrum social classification. This segment survives to serve the privileged upper Hindu caste as menial etc." Because of this the fate of the untouchables has become miserable and what is important to note that, it is being continued in one form or other through the ages" (Sarkar, 2006: 15).These groups of people in the unprivileged class were identified as scheduled castes in 1935, under the government of India Act, prior to which they were termed as depressed classes. The term Dalit in understanding the scheduled castes shrouded in un-touch ability has been used in later years through the very terminology was in use as back as 1930. At that time a Marathi newspaper was published from Pune and it was entitled Dalit Bandhu or the friends of Dalits.Ambedkar's categorical use of the term "broken men" for the community identified as untouchables deserves mention in this regard through the theory of emergence of this depressed group of humanity has not received all sided support. Srinivas noted that caste system cannot be excluded from Indian society because it has become an institution. It is strong, powerful and well knitted in Hindu lining. As Hardtmann, 2009, noted that state policy does not favours the scheduled castes. It looks evidently that even after expiry of sixty years of independence provision of opportunities to Dalit has not been made significantly.The roots of caste system lie deep in social norms and values of Indian society. Introduction of change in one segment of the caste system means change in social structure of society, the structure that has a history of its own as Ambedkar has rightly observed.In India, the term Dalit is used for the untouchable, they are exploited to outrages due to the social stratification of Indian society. Actually Dalits are easy target of other casts even in this independent nation where the written constitution guarantees equal rights and privileges to all citizens. From centuries they have been maltreated religiously, socially, culturally and most of all economically. …


Structural evolution of northern Morocco during Late Miocene to Pliocene times indicates a sub-meridian compressive regime. This stress field produces the split of the north eastern Morocco into two compressive and extensive wedges, bounded by conjugated dextral NW-SE and sinistral NE-SW strike-slip faults. Northern and southern wedges in blocking position were compressed, folded and pulled up; whereas eastern and western asymmetric wedges are laterally extruded. N-S trending normal faults are associated with volcanism. This geodynamic evolution can explain the juxtaposition and superimposition of volcanic structures and thrusts in a general compressive context, dominated by the convergence between Africa and Europe plates.


This report presents the result of a feasibility study that assessed the potential of conducting a
regional trial program to demonstrate the use of spindleless lathes to peel coconut logs. It is part of
the ACIAR funded CocoVeneer project: Development of advanced veneer and other products from
coconut wood to enhance livelihoods in South Pacific communities.


Explanation and the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge.- Strategic Research Sites for the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge.- Experiment and Evidential Context: Their Early History and Background.- Experiment and Evidential Context - Funding the Link.- Consolidating the Link.- The Reception of Davis's Results - When is a Contradiction Not a Contradiction?.- The Interpretative Flexibility of Evidential Contexts.- Conclusion - Evidential Contexts and Social Contexts.


Chronic kidney disease of undetermined aetiology (CKDu) is mainly responsible for the deaths of young males in agricultural lowland regions of Central America. The aim of this thesis was to advance the understanding of the causes of CKDu by conducting several different epidemiological research studies. The systematic review identified a number of cross-sectional studies and occupational cohort studies with limited follow-up periods, but the findings were inconclusive regarding the causes of CKDu. The cohort study described in this PhD thesis is the first community-based cohort study in the region to evaluate the natural history of disease in apparently healthy people aged 18-30 years. It collected information about a wide range of exposure conditions with a questionnaire, biological samples, and water samples. There was an unparalleled, asymptomatic and very rapid decline in renal function among 10% of males and 3.5% of females who had normal renal function at baseline. Meanwhile, the group displaying established renal dysfunction (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR: 58 mL/min/1.73 m2) at baseline showed a slower subsequent decline in kidney function (3.6 mL/min/1.73 m2/year). A rapid decrease in eGFR was associated with outdoor work, agricultural work, and a lack of shade during work breaks. The nested case-control study measured eGFR, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) at baseline. After adjusting for eGFR, uNGAL did not improve prediction a rapid decline in kidney function among individuals who initially presented a normal eGFR. This is the first study to show that in northwest Nicaragua, 10% of the male and 3.5% of the female population aged 18-30 years showed a very strong decline in kidney function. Larger community-based and occupational longitudinal studies with more detailed analyses of exposure data are needed to identify the cause(s) of CKDu.


An adaptive SVM(Support Vector Machines) based on binary tree using the degree of separation is proposed in this paper,aiming at the problem that it's difficult for traditional detection methods to accurately identify the welding defects of X-Ray images.Firstly,mathematical morphological reconstruction is applied to the filtered X-Ray images of welding defects.It is proposed to separate category of defects with the largest degree of separation as a priority,and to construct adaptive SVM classifiers based on binary tree,thus decreasing the accumulated error.Finally,a SVM decision tree of good classification performance can be obtained,which is used to classify and identify the X-Ray images of welding defects,and it shows that the algorithm has made a good classification and recognition accuracy results.


This thesis was an examination of how the Family Law Courts are managing allegations of Intimate Partner Violence and/or Child Sexual Abuse against a parent post the 2012 law reforms. It examined what elements are informing custody determinations and how the Family Law Courts are balancing the rights of the child to be safe Vs the rights of the child to have a relationship with both parents when Intimate Partner Violence and Child Sexual Abuse is purported.


Abstract The recent development of automatically operating, inexpensive vertical‐looking radar (VLR) for entomological purposes has made it practical to carry out routine, automated monitoring of insect aerial migration throughout the year. In this paper we investigate whether such radars might have a role in monitoring and forecasting schemes designed to improve the management of the Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, and of associated rice pest species in China. A survey of the literature revealed that these insects typically migrate at altitudes between 300 to 2 000 m above ground level, but calculations based on BPH radar scattering cross‐sections indicated that the maximum altitude at which they individually produce signals analysable by current VLRs is only ˜ 240 m. We also show that coverage over most of the flight altitudes of BPH could be achieved by building a VLR using a wavelength of 8.8 mm instead of the 3.2 cm of existing VLR, but that such a radar would be expensive to build and to operate. We suggest that a more practical solution would be to use a 3.2 cm VLR as a monitor of the aerial movement of the larger species, from which the migration of rice pests in general might be inferred.


The photovoltaic absorber Cu2O has attracted much interest in recent years because it is a nontoxic, earth-abundant, and low-cost p-type semiconductor. To date, Cu2O-based solar cells have achieved a power conversion efficiency of ∼8%. However, this value is still far below its theoretical power conversion efficiency of ∼20%. Further improvement in the photovoltaic properties is believed, at least in part, to be limited by its poor p-type electrical conductivity and its relatively wide bandgap (∼2.17 eV). Herein, we studied the electrical and optical properties of Ag alloyed-Cu2O thin films. We demonstrated that the bandgaps of Cu2O can be decreased by Ag-alloying, which is confirmed by density functional theory calculations indicating that the bandgap reduction is due to the downshift of the conduction band minimum in Cu2O, while the valence band edge of Cu2O remains unchanged. Additionally, we found that p-type carrier concentrations are dramatically enhanced in Ag alloyed-Cu2O thin films. Such interesting behavior may be due to the reduced activation energy for hole transport caused by Ag-alloying. This work suggests that Ag incorporation may be a promising and practical method to improve the photovoltaic performance of high efficiency Cu2O-based solar energy conversion.


Science serves its readers as a forum for the prePopI sentation and discussion of important issues related to the advancement of science, including the presentation mendous of minority or conflicting points of view, rather than by h publishing only material on which a consensus has been uman as reached. Accordingly, all articles published in Scienceminimizi: including editorials, news and comment, and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of the effort are authors and not official points of view adopted by the actual ris AAAS or the institutions with which the authors are affiliated. because


The utility model discloses a conducted electromagnetic interference noise analyzer of electronic device, which consists of a signal type selecting module, an amplifying times selecting module, a filter, an A/D sampling module, a central control module, a storage module, a USB data transmission module and a power supply module; wherein the signal type selecting module consists of a 0-degree powersynthesizer, a 180-degree power synthesizer and a single pole triple throw analog switch, which can respectively select to implement collection on differential mode noise signal, common mold noise signal, or general noise signal; the amplifying times selecting module consists of two operational amplifiers and three single pole triple throw analog switches, which can amplify the times; the filter is used for filtering the signals beyond the processing frequency scope; the A/D sampling module is used for implementing A/D conversion; the central control module consists of a field programmable logic device FPGA. The analyzer not only is used for measuring the conducted electromagnetic interference noises, but also can be matched with a computer and implement analysis on the conducted electromagnetic interference noise through software to finally propose solution measures and build a set of EMI noise intelligent analyzing system.


The nonlinear impact response of laminated composite cylindrical and doubly curved shells is analyzed using a modified Hertzian contact law. A finite element model is developed based on Sander's shell theory and includes shear deformation effects and nonlinearity due to large deflection. A nine noded isoparametric quadrilateral element is used to model the curved shell. The nonlinear time dependent equations are solved using an iterative scheme and Newmark's method. Numerical results for the contact force and center deflection histories are presented for various impactor conditions, shell geometry and boundary conditions.


The method and design of a novel Dual evaporator based domestic refrigerator with Phase Change materials (PCM) which provide thermal storage (TS) is presented .The usage of PCM as a TS will help to improve the COP (Coefficient of performance) of new refrigeration cycle by introducing a new sub cooling routine. This improvement by sub cooling can be done for single evaporator refrigeration system or with even a dual evaporator system for a refrigerator / freezer combination. Because of prolonging of the compressor off time by using the latent heat of energy of the PCM we can have better food quality due to lower hysteresis cycles of on/off for a given period of operation .We have made system level modeling of the freezer / fresh food type domestic refrigerator and have also simulated the energy consumption using the new refrigeration cycle with sub cooling using PCM. Based on system design and modeling we have made experimental refrigerator prototype with new refrigeration cycle with PCM based TS and heat exchangers in the freezer and fresh food section. Test results and improvements in food quality are also presented. The energy efficiency results are also discussed.


In this paper we apply retrospective cost model renement (RCMR) to parameter estimation. To gain insight into the accuracy and speed of convergence of the RCMR estimates, we consider aircraft dynamics with uncertain entries in the dynamics and input matrices. We consider scenarios that include multiple uncertain parameters, alternative measurements, and sensor noise. All of the examples are discrete time, as required by RCMR. To account for the structure of the uncertain parameters, we develop a Jacobianbased technique for constructing the appropriate feedback structure. We use this approach to account for the appearance of stability derivatives in the dynamics matrix, and we use this technique to estimate airspeed variations in the vicinity of trimmed ight.


The paper investigates the ideological foundations of contemporary capitalism and its organizational models in Brazil. Our analysis considers three positions present in the literature: the thesis of the new spirit of capitalism; the literature about financialization and the shareholder value model; and the configuration of a managerial mode of domination. A content analysis was conducted to investigate normative business content from Brazilian "top voices" on the LinkedIn network. A total of 180 influential texts from 32 authors composed our corpus and were assessed based on an abductive approach that had as references the economies of worth model and a related framework for assessing the dynamic configuration of capitalism justifications. Results support the idea that contemporary capitalism is characterized in ideological terms by the fluidity of normative references restricting the market logic, configuring a complex or managerial mode of domination.


For the last several decades, sociological interest in researching food systems, food regimes and foodways increases. In researching food, sociology relies both on other sciences (such as history, anthropology, ethnology, agrotechnology, agrieconomics, psychology,nutritional sciences, genetics), well established sociological disciplines (sociology of labour/family, rural sociology), but also emerging ones (sociology of tourism/emotions). Despite significant progress in development of sociological knowledge on food and eating (concepts, different theoretical aproaches, methods, institutionalisation), we are still arguing whether a) are we talking of an old or a new sociological topic and b) are we dealing with the emerging sociological discipline or just another sociological issue. Presented dilemmas are accompanied by a seria of additional issues such as justification of sociological approach in food studies, sociological contributions to the food reseaarch, but also sociological knowledge in general. Also, there is a question whether and how sociological knowledge can help in developing various public policies relationg food and eating. This paper is an attempt to provide additional insight into abovementioned issues and dilemmas.


The invention relates to an academic paper information detection method based on free internet information. The academic paper information detection method based on the free internet information comprises the following steps that whether network linking is normal or not is detected, if the network linking is normal, a paper to be detected is acquired and saved, and if the network linking is abnormal, network linking is conducted; a baidu interface is called, the paper is searched on a network in sentences, whether the paper is copied or not is judged according to a threshold value, if the paper is copied, a copying source and original text sentences are recorded, and if the paper is not copied, a google interface is called, the paper is searched on the network in sentences; whether the paper is copied or not is judged according to the threshold value, if the paper is copied, a copying source and original text sentences are recorded, and if the paper is not copied, a single paper inspection and confiscation report is generated and output according to a detection result; detection of a plurality of papers is finished and an inspection and confiscation summary sheet is generated and output. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of being simple in algorithm, low in cost, capable of being independent of a detection platform, free of building a huge paper data base, and capable of ensuring that the papers can be detected through a single machine and capable of being detected in batch.


Many factors related to the occurrence of browning disorder in 'Braeburn' apple were investigated, in- cluding harvest maturity, cumulative temperature in growing season, and different orchard locations. The incidence of browning disorder was related to the harvest time of fruit and the activity of superoxide dismutase. Superoxide dismutase activity was lower in late harvested 'Braeburn' apple fruit that had a higher disorder incidence. The risk of browning disorder was higher after growing seasons with lower cumulative temperature and lower activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in fruit. The fruit harvested from the orchard located in a colder area had lower catalase activity, lower lipid soluble antioxidant levels, and a higher risk of browning disorder.


Spatial orientation disorders constitute a major problem in aged subjects. Among the different cognitive strategies used for spatial navigation, the most complex ones seem to be primarily deteriorated during ageing. Being able to dissociate the different cognitive strategies might help us in the early detection of age-related brain dysfunctions. In order to study multiple spatial navigation strategies, a new task was designed and named 'starmaze'. This paradigm was first developed for animal experiments and then adapted to humans using virtual reality. In both cases, up to three different strategies of navigation can be dissociated. The starmaze is composed of a central pentagonal ring from which five alleys radiate. A hidden goal has to be found. To locate the target, the subject can use either distal cues (allocentric strategy), or proximal cues located on the inner walls (guidance strategy), or a sequence of body movements leading to the goal (egocentric strategy). Four versions of the task can be used: (i) the multiple strategies, (ii) the allocentric, (iii) the egocentric, and (iv) the guidance version. In the multiple strategies version, the task has two components: the first assesses the learning capability of the subject; the second permits the identification of the strategy spontaneously used by the navigator to solve the task (multiple strategies can be employed: allocentric, egocentric and guidance). The allocentric version of the starmaze requires the subject to learn to reach the goal from different starting points and therefore necessitates a spatial representation of the environment. In the egocentric and guidance versions of the task there are no distal extra-maze cues (the apparatus is surrounded by black uncued curtains); subjects need to either perform a left-right-left movement sequence or to use intra-maze cues (e.g. to first approach a chessboardlike, then a black, and finally a white wall) to reach the target from different departure points. Data acquisition is performed by means of a video recording system and/or a tracking software. A set of parameters are measured to characterize the spatial behavior of the subject quantitatively (for example the distance travelled during each trial or the number of visited alleys). Data processing is automated via a MATLAB batch program developed in our laboratory.


AbstractDisputes are an expected, common, and well-documented part of the construction industry worldwide. This is attributable to the interwoven interactions of disparate parties in construction p...


Knowledge on thermal tolerance limits provide important clues to the capacity of a species to withstand acute thermal conditions. Climatic models predict the increase and intensification of events such as heat waves, therefore understanding the upper thermal limits that a species can tolerate, has become of utmost importance. We measure the upper thermal tolerance of the endemic freshwater stingray Potamotrygon magdalenae acclimated to experimental conditions, using the Critical Thermal Methodology (CTM). We also describe the behavior of individuals and infer the possible consequences of temperature increases in the habitats of P. magdalenae populations. There were no significant differences between sexes in temperature tolerance or behavior. The Critical Thermal Maximum - CTMax (39ºC) was 5.9ºC above the maximum recorded temperature for the study area. Although P. magdalenae was tolerant to high temperature and currently is not living at its upper thermal limit, its survival in Guarinocito Pond will be threatened if the increasing trend in temperature conditions keeps growing over time. SUMMARY STATEMENT Potamotrygon magdalenae shows tolerance to high temperatures regardless of sex and size; however, can be threatened in the future if the temperature in its habitat continues rising.


The theme of this symposium was materials and materials-related processes which are having, or can have, an impact on the control of environmental pollution and the minimization of waste. This proceedings has been divided into two Parts. Part 1 deals with catalysts, sorbents, and processes which are related to the control of pollutants or effluents which have an impact on the air and atmosphere. Part 2 includes papers on recycling for reduction of solid waste, treatment of liquids, and environmentally-friendly manufacturing processes. Papers have been processed separately for inclusion on the data base.


Summary • The leaf-level response of respiration in the light ( R L ) is a vital component of a plant's energy and carbon balance. • Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) plants were grown in various combinations of CO 2 , nitrogen and temperature, and R L was measured using the Kok effect method. • R L was significantly lower than respiration in the dark ( R D ), with the lowest percentage inhibition in the elevated CO 2 , high-N treatment. In general R L increased in response to increased CO 2 concentration and N availability across all temperature treatments. However, there was a significant interactive effect of growth CO 2 concentration and measurement temperature on R L which indicated that R L responded more positively to temperature changes in elevated CO 2 conditions. Additionally, across all CO 2 and N treatments the percentage of respired C with respect to assimilated C increased as temperature increased. • Collectively, these results improve our understanding of the magnitude and sensitivity to foreseen environmental changes of mitochondrial respiration during light hours.


The chief virtues of the Web system are that it encourages consistency between code and documentatio n and it supports the production of high-quality typeset documentation in a uniform style . With Web th e source code and documentation of a program are combined in a single file . There are two programs, Weav e and Tangle, which produce Tl typesetting commands and compilable source code, respectively, from the Web file . Since Tangle automatically organizes the code fragments into a compilable order as it extract s them from the Web file, the author is freed of syntactic constraints imposed by the programming language , and can structure the Web file in a way that makes the final typeset documentation most readable . Anyon e who has attempted to typeset computer program code manually and maintain consistency between sourc e code and typeset documentation for succesive versions of a program will readily appreciate these virtues .


The process according to the olefin and an integrated steam and crude oil feed solvent deasphalted screen to allow direct processing of the raw material section and the hydrotreating zone for the production of petrochemicals, including aromatics thermal cracking zone is provided. Olefins and integrated solvent deasphalted Chemistry, hydrotreating, steam pyrolysis process for the direct processing of the crude oil for the production of aromatic petrochemicals are for the production of deasphalted screen and de-metallized oil stream and a lower asphalt phase oil filling with solvent and a solvent deasphalted districts of an effective amount; Reduce the deasphalted screen and de-metallized oil stream and a contaminated hydrogen matter content, effective for paraffin degree increases and, Bureau of Mines Correlation Index is decreased, producing the American Petroleum an association portion is processed up the hydrogenation process effluent filling the hydrogenation process zone which is operated under the conditions; Step of the hydrogenation process the treated effluent produced by thermally cracking the mixed product stream in the presence of steam; Separating the product stream mixture; Step of purifying and recirculating it to the hydrogenation process zone hydrogen from a mixed product stream; Recovering the olefins and aromatics from the product stream mixture separated; And recovering the pyrolysis fuel oil from the product stream mixed and separated.


The complete sequence of Vallerand's model (1997) was examined in the context of physical education: Social factors influence the psychological mediators, which in turn predicted motivation types, which lead to certain consequences. Based on the Vallerand ́s Model and Ntoumanis (2001) empirical study, this investigation was undertaken to test the full model in all sequences with a sample of Asturian adolescent students (N = 507) of a wider age range (12 -17 years), including as a social factor a distinct sub-dimension to Rev.int.med.cienc.act.fís.deporte vol. 16 número 64 ISSN: 1577-0354 2 the original work (important role) and introducing two new motivational consequences (fun and degree of perceived pressure). The Spanish validated version of these questionnaires was used: PMCSQ-2, BPNES, PLOC, three subscales of IMI (enjoyment, effort, and competence) and other motivational outcomes such as boredom and future sport participation. Results from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the data fit the model proposed, and they showed that the three psychological needs mediated between the task climate and the intrinsic motivation. This positively predicted enjoyment, effort and future sport participation, and negatively boredom. Competence was the stronger predictor, positively influencing the most autonomous types of motivation, and negatively the more controlled ones. Amotivation positively predicted boredom and pressure, and negatively effort.


In order to conduct fast and accurate online prediction of stock price,a novel prediction model of stock price based on kernel extreme learning machine algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the stock price data are collected and learning samples are reconstructed by phase space reconstruction theory,and the samples are input to online kernel extreme learning machine to learn and established stock price predicting model,finally,the simulation experiment is carried out on guoyao shares(600010).The results show that the proposed model has improved prediction precision of stock price compared other stock price predicting models,and it can describe the change rule of stock price.


The status of geothermal energy and development of its application are analyzed in this article. It's specialized that the utilization of geothermal technology could promote the application of low temperature geothermal, which exists broad. In order to make the geothermal energy fully utilized, we should keep the equipments advanced and investment reasonable.


And a leakage current can be reduced to provide increased capacitance thin film capacitor. 3 the upper electrode and the lower electrode 1 is selected from TiN, Ti, W, WN, Pt, Ir, Ru metal or metal nitride of at least one configuration. Capacitive insulating film 2 by the two selected using atomic layer deposition (Atomic Layer Deposition: hereinafter referred to as ALD) ZrO formation method


Various models have been developed for the purpose of identifying graduates competencies. However, such specific model has not been found in the context of Malaysian tourism and hospitality education.This study develops an index competency for the Malaysian tourism and hospitality graduates through the perspectives of the industry.The process of developing the index consisted of three major stages—items generation, items verification and items development.The developed index contributes to the planning and designing the tourism and hospitality program more effectively by taking into consideration the competencies required by the industry. Hence it also assists the graduates to survive within the industry as they possess what the industry wants.


Summary Vegetative growth in most lines of maize is terminated at a predictable stage in development by the conversion of the shoot apical meristem into an inflorescence, the tassel. The conversion from vegetative to floral development is under developmental control, the basis of which is obscure. We have assayed the developmental potential of the shoot apical meristem in order to identify the stage at which it is determined to form a tassel. We show, using shoot apex culture, that meristems are not determined to form a tassel until after all vegetative nodes have been initiated. We also show that floral determination is a separate, later event in the development of a maize inflorescence. Intermediate stages can be distinguished in which the meristem is determinate and has the phyllotaxis of a tassel when cultured but develops vegetative shoots from buds that normally give rise to sets of florets.


Normal 0 0 2 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE In recent years, Japanese has been faced with an increasingly aging society with a decreasing birth rate, which has resulted in problems such as a lack of care workers and an increasing number of elderly people living alone. In Japan, an increase in the aging society is predicted, thereby worsening the abovementioned problems. Therefore, it will become more difficult for elderly people living alone to receive care. We propose a Home Appliances Monitoring System to confirm their safety. This system employs a Hall element for detecting elderly persons when using home appliances. When a home appliance is used, an electric current passes through its power cord, and a magnetic flux is produced around the power cord. The Hall element converts the magnetic flux into a voltage. Based on the system, the system determines whether the home appliance was used. The proposed method can be applied to all home appliances, except specific cord.


Cleavage fracture micromechanisms have been analysed in four microalloyed steels with bainitic microstructures utilising 4 point bending tests at 77K. In the case of Ti microalloyed steels, the cleavage nucleation has been related to the cracking of a coarse TiN particle. In contrast, with the other two steels (V microalloyed steels) it has not been possible to correlate the cleavage initiation to some microstructural feature. In all the cases a FEM analysis has been considered to study the stress and strain distributions. The results show that in these materials, when there are no TiN brittle particles, some strain is necessary to initiate fracture. In consequence, the critical cleavage fracture stress can be insufficient to characterise the brittle process of the studied microstructures and another parameter including the contribution of strain would be necessary.


In the Canadian High Arctic Region, there stretches a desert-like barren landscape. However, dense lush meadows called polar oases are found around Alexandra Fiord and Sverdrup Pass in the central part of Ellesemere Island. Freedman et al. (1994) asserted that polar oases are formed because the steep cliffs surrounding the lowland reflect the sunlight and radiate infrared rays which warm the area. They called this the "oven-effect." However, under the midnight sun a favorable result has not come out. The author studied the factors affecting the distribution of polar oases from the viewpoint of geoecology, and found that geology is the most important factor which controls the distribution of polar oases. Around Sverdrup Pass the meadows are distributed in the lowland and on the north-faced slopes of the southern mountains, while on the northern mountains vegetation is scanty. Such a difference of plant cover developing between the northern and southern mountains cannot be explained by the oven-effect, but by difference of geology. The author considers that the difference of stability of slope deposits has brought about the extreme difference in plant coverage. The meadows appear mainly on the glacial deposits in the granite area. The reason is that the glacial till is composed of boulder, gravel and sand, thus stable enough for the development of plant communities. On the other hand, in the dolomite areas of the northern mountains active frost-shattering produces debris and also freeze-thaw action causes active debris movement. Therefore, the slope deposits are unstable and thus vegetation is scanty. In the polar region with the midnight sun, it seems that there is the possibility for meadows to be formed at any location. However, the granite areas that are suitable for plant growth are extremely limited, and thus the distribution of polar oases is also limited. In the dolomite areas that occupy most of the High Arctic, the regosol is unstable and the development of plant communities is hindered, and thus the meadows are hardly formed. The author considers this is the reason why the originally natural lush meadows are conspicuous in the lowland and on the north faced slopes of the southern mountains around Sverdrup Pass.


Does religious education contribute to injustice? At the least, religious education operates in a socio-political context shaped by inequality. Educational inequity is a phenomenon that affects society and schools. It is thus a matter for religious pedagogy, which is concerned with the equal dignity of all in their freedom, in the light of the theology of the image of God. Religious education has to take place normatively in the light of freedom towards freedom. This paper aims to show that in religious education, demands for educational equity have dramatically increased in the face of growing heterogeneity. The struggle for identity and justice in the intersectionality of various aspects points to the complexity of the challenges. However, it is evident that religious education cannot override social conditions. Moreover, from a praxeological perspective, religious education contributes to educational inequity and hegemonic orders of difference through mechanisms such as essentialization and othering, and thus runs the risk of becoming aporetic. The concept of Enlightened Heterogeneity developed here counteracts this, correlating identity and justice intersectionally while self-reflexively reflecting on one's own practices.


It is an important network security problem that how to solve Denial of Service(DoS) attack. Several countermeasures are proposed for it in the literature, among which, the Probabilistic Packet Marking(PPM) scheme developed by Savage et al is promising. This paper improves PPM. Compared with PPM, it only needs four efficient fragments to build one edge, and is more efficient to reconstruct the attack path. Analysis and experiments show the effect of the scheme.


A personal account of Morgan's graduate work on "Canadian and Australian women's settlement writing...both published novels and private memoirs, written between the mid-eighteenth and early twentieth centuries by middle-class women."


This paper aims to show some ways a particular area of group work, namely, of those interactions seen during a specific "role-play" project, potentially aids learners in learning or acquiring English as a second language in the language classroom. This paper also presents some "proposals" that could be in turn, recommended for improving the learners "output" in the second language. Data, comprising of role-play scripts by two groups of students, peer evaluation criteria and a substantial body of learner opinions from a questionnaire conducted after the roleplays, are presented in the appendices. These findings may provide information about how these learners find this type of role-play project useful during their course of learning English.


We introduce, and study, the regularity and normality in ideal bitopological spaces, absent subject in literature. Our definitions have the advantage of using only the open sets of the two underlying topologies. These new concepts represent generalizations of Kelly's concepts of pairwise regularity and pairwise normality. The extension of the T0, T1 and T2 axioms to these spaces is due to Caldas et al.


We investigate equilibria in multiplayer multicommodity ow problems where players have separate networks, and contracts regulate how certain players may hand over some of their tra c to others, which the latter have to route in their own network. This model was introduced by the authors with coauthors in an earlier paper, where it was shown that for xed per-unit payments, equilibria always exist under some natural conditions. The present paper has three main results. First, we prove that nding an equilibrium is PPAD-complete. Second, we show a polynomial algorithm for the case when the digraph of contracts has a special structure: every strong component is a cycle. This result is based on an algorithm for nding approximate xed points that may be of interest on its own. Finally, we show that it is possible to specify the prices in the contracts in such a way that the social optimum is in equilibrium, and furthermore the players are not motivated to cancel their contracts.


The description of the meteorological conditions from the ground is part of the synoptic observation message defined by the WMO code (WMO, 1996). This message concerns mainly the cloud observations that are useful for general and local forecasting, aeronautical operations, climatology, and radiation transfer physics (see e.g. Gillotay et al., 1997) Up to recently, the cloud cover, and the cloud's properties (type, altitude...) were, in most of the cases, parameters estimated by human observers, with as consequences measurements performed mainly during daytime and highly uncertain in terms of accuracy and repeatability. More recently some methods using digital photography and/or ceilometer's techniques begin to appear, but remain experimental and/or of marginal use.


Consider the following scenario from the not-too-distant future: the CEO of a company is presenting his vision for the next quarter to a small group of co-workers. The CEO trusts everyone in the room, but many in attendance have smartphones and camera-equipped wearable computing devices running third-party apps. The CEO is worried that this third-party software could leak the highly confidential information in his slides and on the whiteboard. This raises the question: how can the CEO prevent apps with camera access from leaking company secrets? First, the CEO must have a way of identifying or marking visual secrets. Markings should be: (1) easy to create by hand and with digital tools, and (2) easy and efficient to recognize by software. Marking visual secrets by placing QR-codes or badges near them makes real-time recognition difficult due to scaling problems (particularly at far distances). Moreover, precisely encoding a two-dimensional region surrounding a visual secret in a QR-code or badge would be too awkward and slow for users. Finally, general-purpose object recognition is too slow and consumes too much energy. In this demo, we present PrivateEye, a system that prevents visual secrets from inadvertently leaking. PrivateEye consists of two pieces: (1) a specification for marking a two-dimensional space as secret, and (2) software on a recording device for recognizing markings and obscuring visual secrets in real-time. Figure 1(a) and 2(a) show examples of how PrivateEye users can define a region containing visual secrets by combining solid and dotted lines. Depending on the medium, users can define secret regions by hand (e.g., on a whiteboard) or use digital tools (e.g., within a presentation). PrivateEye is based on the principle that preventing leaks requires visual information to be withheld from third-party apps until the system can be confident that it is safe to reveal. As a result, PrivateEye works in three phases. Phase 1 requires the camera view to stabilize. During this phase, PrivateEye completely blurs the camera view so that apps cannot infer secret information from an image capture. Once the camera view stabilizes, PrivateEye enters Phase 2, in which the system detects all the rectangles in the camera view. At this point, all the detected rectangles appear blocked to the user (Figure 1(b) and 2(b)). PrivateEye then moves on to Phase 3. In this phase, the system searches each blocked rectangle for secret markings (i.e., dotted rectangles). PrivateEye can safely reveal the content of rectangles without secret markings to an app; however, the system must continue to block any rectangles containing secret markings. If PrivateEye detects that the camera view has changed, then it must return to Phase 1. During the demo, PrivateEye will be running on Google Nexus 4 and Google Glass. We plan to invite the audience to use one of these devices and view some of the objects already marked secret. We will also let them draw the markers around some text on a whiteboard. This will help the audience to understand the usability and effectiveness of PrivateEye.


The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of organizational climate on the effect of transformational leadership of principals on teachers innovative behavior. Cross-sectional survey method was employed involving 346 secondary school teachers in Kedah (Peninsular Malaysia). The instrument used was the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) ,Organizational Health Inventory for Secondary School (OHI-S)  and Innovative Behavior Instrument (IBI). The results of correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis found a significant relationship between teachers innovative behavior. In addition, organizational climate was also found to act as mediator of relationship between transformational leadership with innovative behavior in the form of partial mediation. The implication of this study are organizational climate contribute as a mediator that strengthen the relationship between transformational leadership and teacher innovative behavior. Thus, transformational leaders must take serious measures and identify factors that may contribute to school organizational climate and teacher innovative behavior to improve the schools performance toward excellence.


This paper describes an experiment in delivering a graduate level course in a pseudo– asynchronous manner using modern digital communication technology. The purpose of this effort was two-fold. One was to reduce the logistics and increase flexibility in an existing distance educational delivery system for engineering graduate courses. The second goal was to improve the efficiency and academic effectiveness of graduate course offerings for both oncampus and off-campus students. The mechanism employed was to place all knowledge content normally presented by live lectures on a CD ROM. This CD included graphics, text, and mathematical content with accompanying audio presentations in a book format. With the classical lectures delivered by the CD the class meeting schedule was reduced from three to one weekly meeting. Assessment of the acceptance and value of this form of delivery and the resulting educational experience was performed by administering pre and post-survey instruments to all the participants. The results of the evaluation were positive but not dramatically conclusive in the opinion of the students. However, the performance of the class was significantly better than experienced with previous classes that took the course in the standard offering delivery format.


Nanoporous materials are of great importance in a variety of applications such as heterogeneous catalysts because of their large specific surface area and tuneable porosity. Herein, we proposed an approach for rationally designing nanoporous materials on a substrate by lithography, co-sputtering and selective dissolution. The physical processes (i.e., lithography and sputtering) were used to design shapes and arrangements of nanostructures, and the chemical dissolution process was used to form nanopores inside the nano-patterns. In order to investigate the compatibility of the sputtering and selective etching with the lithography process, we formed patterned nanoporous Au by co-sputtering of AuCu followed by selective dissolution of Cu with acid. Interestingly, using this process, dish-shaped Au nanostructure arrays formed through lithography processes were successfully decorated with nanoporous Au, resulting in the enhancement of SERS intensity by 10 times. Then, in order to show the versatility of our approach, we synthesized nanoporous SiO2 patterns. In this case, nanoporous SiO2 was synthesized by co-sputtering of SiO2 with Cu followed by selective dissolution of Cu with acid. Because of removal of the thermal process, this SiO2 synthesis appears to be compatible with a variety of nanofabrication procedures. Finally, in order to investigate further merits of the use of sputtering, we demonstrated the synthesis of dendritic Pt nanoporous particle arrays by co-sputtering and acid treatment. Interestingly, nanoporous particle arrays, i.e., hierarchical structure, were formed from PtCu crystal grains without coagulation, showing a possibility that crystal grains can play a role in the formation of hierarchical nanostructures.


The present invention provides an olefin polymerization process comprising an olefin under polymerization conditions, in the presence of an olefin polymerization catalyst and a solvent, the ethylene and comonomer in a slurry polymerization reactor; polymerization mixture was subjected to solid-liquid separation to give a liquid phase containing residual comonomer; at least part of the liquid phase recycled to the reactor as the polymerization of at least one part of the solvent, the next comonomer used in the polymerization is at least partially derived from the liquid phase. The present invention also provides a method for preparing ethylene polymers and. The method of the present invention solves since the boiling point of n-hexane and unreacted 1-hexene approaches, the separation is not easy, it is difficult to issue n-hexane as a solvent to prepare a copolymer of ethylene and 1-hexene by slurry polymerization processes. Compared to the conventional polymers of ethylene and 1-hexene are polymerized to form a lower oligomer content of the ethylene polymer of the present invention, better mechanical properties and hygienic properties.


We report on Ga-doped 3C–SiC epitaxial layers grown on on-axis (0001) 6H–SiC substrates using the vapor-liquid-solid technique and different Si1−xGax melts. The resulting samples have been investigated using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), micro-Raman spectroscopy (μ-R) and, finally, low temperature photoluminescence (LTPL) spectroscopy. From SIMS measurements we find Ga concentrations in the range of 1018 cm−3, systematically accompanied by high nitrogen content. In good agreement with these findings, the μ-R spectra show that the Ga-doped samples are n-type, with electron concentrations close to 2×1018 cm−3. As expected, the LTPL spectra are dominated by strong N–Ga donor-acceptor pair (DAP) transitions. In one sample, a weak additional N–Al DAP recombination spectrum is also observed, showing the possibility to have accidental codoping with Ga and Al simultaneously. This was confirmed on a non-intentionally doped 3C–SiC (witness) sample on which, apart of the usual N and Al bound exciton lines,...


It is claimed that transit-oriented developments (TODs) have the ability to reduce the number and average lengths of auto trips by providing better nonautomobile accessibility to jobs and other destinations and to encourage sustainable modes (i.e., transit, walking, and biking) by facilitating a pedestrian-friendly environment and transit services. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of TODs in the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan areas that was performed to investigate whether TODs actually have those hypothesized impacts. Trip generation, trip length, and mode share were modeled in the two case study areas through the use of the most recent local household travel survey data and advanced econometric analysis methods. The findings showed that, overall, people living in TODs made more trips by all modes of transportation but fewer trips by auto. The results also showed that TOD residents tended to travel shorter distances by all modes of transportation, a finding that implies the selection of closer destinations for their activities. Trips originating from TODs had substantially higher nonauto mode shares in both Baltimore and Washington, D.C., after relevant socioeconomic and demographic factors were controlled for. Significant differences in the effectiveness of TODs in these two metropolitan areas were also found to be due to TOD locations, transit system availability and level of service, and TOD resident characteristics.


When should we start to learn a foreign language? Nowadays children begin their acquaintance with foreign languages before starting school. Teenagers and young people are motivated to learn foreign languages for successful future. Adults know that English, for example, is very popular now. They realize that it is impossible to achieve a real success without foreign language. What age is the best for learning a foreign language? The author of the article had summarized the ideas of different specialists about this question. Different points of view and investigations about the best age of foreign language studying are considered in the article. Some examples of the paper are from the author's professional background. The author describes the abilities, demands and problems of three age categories in learning a foreign language.


Participants in a statewide family preservation program were classified on the basis of income level and enrollment in public assistance. These variables, along with other economic, parent, and child risk factors, were used to predict the probability of out-of-home placements at the close of this intervention program. Results revealed that neither low income nor receiving public assistance was predictive of having a child removed from the home. Higher levels of child-centered risk and parent-centered risk were the only consistent predictors of placement outcomes. Additional analyses revealed that family characteristics (e.g., history of psychiatric care, prior child placements, and involvement with the legal system) also were typical of families experiencing out-of-home placements. This study challenges the stereotype of low-income or welfare families being at greater risk of having a child removed from their home. Findings are discussed in the context of recent welfare reform initiatives and implications for future family policy research.


Objective: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem of neonatal period that has high morbidity and mortality. Blood exchange is the most effective and urgent treatment modality for very high bilirubin levels that can lead to neurotoxicity called as kernicterus. The aim of this study was to compare 90 minutes exchange transfusion with that of 120 minutes.


e-Commerce activity has been increasing during recent years, and this trend is expected to continue in the near future. e-Commerce practices are subject to uncertainty conditions and high variability in customers' demands. Considering these characteristics, we propose two facility–location models that represent alternative distribution policies in e-commerce (one based on outsourcing and another based on in-house distribution). These models take into account stochastic demands as well as more than one regular supplier per customer. Two methodologies are then introduced to solve these stochastic versions of the well-known capacitated facility–location problem. The first is a two-stage stochastic-programming approach that uses an exact solver. However, we show that this approach is not appropriate for tackle large-scale instances due to the computational effort required. Accordingly, we also introduce a "simheuristic" approach that is able to deal with large-scale instances in short computing times. An extensive set of benchmark instances contribute to illustrate the efficiency of our approach, as well as its potential utility in modern e-commerce practices.


Robin was born in London in 1937 and grew up on a farm in Raunds, Northamptomshire. After national service in Cyprus, he attended the Royal Veterinary College (RVC), London. There he met and married his wife Jill, a fellow veterinary student. They graduated in 1964.

Robin's first job was as a houseman at the RVC's Potters Bar campus. After that, he worked in Belgravia, London, at Brian Singleton's practice where his duties included attending to the animals in the pet department of Harrods. In those days, 'pets' including pumas.

His next job was in Maidstone at the Crowhurst and Crossley practice, doing small animal and equine work.

He moved …


In recent years, various methods for measuring patient satisfaction have been applied as part of quality improvement programmes. However, the validity and reliability as well as the applicability and change-orientation of adopted methods have been questioned. Furthermore, most methods pay no specific attention to economic aspects. The purpose of this study is to analyse if and how priorities are influenced when an economic perspective is explicitly included. Data were compiled by a patient survey at a gynaecology clinic, inquiring about the patients' views on various quality dimensions, and their willingness to pay for proposed improvements. The parameters of the model are estimated with simultaneous equation methods, based on partial least squares technique. We compare the ranking of proposed improvements derived from a patient satisfaction index, a cost-effectiveness analysis and a cost-benefit analysis, respectively. Our results show that even a methodologically appropriate measurement of patient satisfaction may lead to a cost-ineffective priority setting unless economic consequences are explicitly taken into consideration. Further, it is demonstrated how an analysis including patient preferences as well as economic aspects may be carried out.


More and more satellites apply the GPS (Global Positioning System) radio occultation (RO) technique for precise sounding of the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere on a global scale. A milestone for the recognition of this quite new remote sensing method was reached, when ECMWF and MetOffice started operational assimilation of GPS occultation data to improve global weather forecasts in 2006. Currently the major part of the operational available RO data is provided by the six satellite U.S.-Taiwan constellation FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (FORMOsa SATellite mission-3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate). Data from the European operational Metop satellite (GRAS GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding, launched 2006) are expected to be available in the near future. However, besides these dedicated RO missions, the operation of several GPS RO receivers is based on a mission-of-opportunity (MoO) concept. These missions, e.g., the German CHAMP, brought significant progress for the GPS RO technique and its break through. We briefly review the status of the current MoO missions, which provide GPS RO measurements, and summarize related science results.


Biases affect our judgments and decisions everywhere, because in our daily life, no matter where you are, what kind of occupation you are doing, every decision we make is more or less interfered by cognitive biases, which even determines the outcome of things. In addition, with the development of the times, the progress of science and technology, and the change of social structure, we have experienced too many processes from rejection to acceptance, from stubbornness to change. However, it often takes time; especially in the commercial field, the timing when users accept products can better reflect this point. This article mainly aims at these phenomena, through the information, examples and data from the online sources, to explore how four kinds of cognitive biases: status quo bias, loss aversion bias, mere-exposure effect, and bounded-rationality that affect the smooth progress of innovation products in the fast consumer market, and how these biases can attack the confidence of merchants, so that the originally widely favored products will eventually end in failure. At the end of the article will also discuss the heuristics that can deal with the biases.


On 2 June 2020, the European Commission ("the Commission") published a public consultation on the need for a possible new competition tool. The new competition tool would allow addressing structural competition problems in a timely and effective way, which the existing competition rules (Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union, "TFEU") cannot tackle or cannot address in the most effective manner.


Although there are increasing requirements on multiparty & multimedia services in Next Generation Network (NGN), most of researches on universal Call Control Model supporting multiparty and Multimedia services are still based on IN-CS2 half-call model (BCSM), which are not fit for NGN service requirements anymore. In IN-CS3 and IMS, a new call state model concept is mentioned, named as Multiple Point Control (MPC), which is different with the half-call model in IN. In MPC, the basic control unit is a call and its call legs. In IMS, the S-CSCF is specified to support MPC, however, how to realize the control abilities is still leave unsettled. In this paper, a new universal call state model is advanced, named as "Enhanced Session Control Model (ESCM)". This model is based on MPC concept and emphasizes to provide independent session party control and session topology control.


The utility model relates to an experimental facility and discloses a thermometer holding device; the structure comprises a thermometer sleeve (2) and a clamp (1); and one side of the clamp is connected with the thermometer sleeve by a connecting rod (3). When in use, a thermometer (4) is inserted into the thermometer sleeve, the clamp is clamped on the wall edge of an experimental vessel, and the thermometer is fixed in the experimental vessel. The thermometer holding device can conveniently fix the thermometer in the experimental vessel so as to measure the temperature of the substance therein, is convenient to operate, can improve the experiment efficiency, and is a useful experimental tool and accessory.


Ab initio based Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics calculations (CPMD) have been used to investigate the properties of crystalline nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) at 195 K. The crystal unit cell consists of four formula units of NAT and nominally contains the ions NO3- and H3O+ plus H2O molecules. Reversible proton-transfer events were observed between unique H3O+ and neighboring H2O pairs, which occur throughout the crystal. Full proton transfer to form a new neighboring H3O+ molecule was a rare event. The motion of this mobile proton was associated with hyperextension of the covalent oxygen−hydrogen of H3O+, whose stretch frequency was observed in corresponding power spectra. Calculations showed that a classical free energy of 3.3 kBT was required for the proton to reach the center of the oxygen−oxygen pair. Crystalline NAT was further characterized by calculated equilibrium averages, structural properties, and vibrational spectra.


The energy in network of strings subject to the feedback in a root is decreasing to zero if the network is non-degenerate and this decrease is never exponential. We study in this paper the case of degenerate network (i.e. the ratio of two lengths of strings is a rational number) with a feedback in the root of the network. Under this assumption, we determine the energy limit and we identify the best rate of decay with the spectral abscissa of the underlying semi-group generator. We identify the spectral abscissa as in terms of the largest modulus of the roots of a polynomial.


Describes how a 60-hour training program helped 32 blind persons use biofeedback techniques to improve blood flow to arms, hands, legs, and feet (especially important for diabetics), and to reduce anxiety through relaxation.