Quantum dimer models exhibit quantum critical points and liquid states when the ground state is the resonating-valence bond (RVB) state. We construct SU(2)-invariant spin-1/2 Hamiltonians with the same RVB ground state. The main technical obstacle overcome is the fact that different dimer configurations in the spin model are not orthogonal. We show that the physics depends on how dimers are related to the spins, and find a Hamiltonian that is likely to be quantum critical.


Soy glycinin has five major subunits which are classified into two groups according to their homology in amino acid sequences (group I, A1aB1b, A1bB2 and A2B1a; group II, A3B4 and A5A4B3). It has been reported that the peptide fragments derived from the A1a and A2 chains of the A1aB1b and A2B1a subunits had bile acid-binding ability and that the region of 114-161 residues of the A1a chain was responsible for this bile acid-binding ability. In this study, we constructed A1a, A3 and 9 deletion mutants of A1a lacking various numbers of residues at the C-terminus, and evaluated their bile acid-binding ability by a cholic acid-conjugated column and fluorescence analysis. The bile acid-binding ability of A1a was higher than that of A3 and there was a remarkable decrease in the bile acid-binding ability between the Δ[138-291] and Δ[130-291] mutants. The 130-138 region is rich in hydrophobic residues. In this regard, when we constructed the Δ[129-134] mutant lacking six contiguous hydrophobic residues (VAWWMY) and evaluated its bile acid-binding ability, a similar remarkable decrease in the bile acid-binding ability was observed. These results indicate that the 129-134 residue region (VAWWMY) with high hydrophobicity was important for bile acid-binding of A1a.


Despite some pitfalls in the practical application of the gas assisted injection moulding (GAIM) process, it offers a number of advantages over conventional injection moulding. However, its inherent complexity requires an advanced control over several additional parameters. This study is preliminar to examine the gas void and its relation to channel geometry and processing conditions for different materials for a GAIM process. The effects of channel geometry, along with processing conditions such as melt and mould temperature, melt viscosity, gas pressure and characteristics of the GAIM molded parts are investigated by experiments and simulations.


This study, titled 'The Influence of Current Ratio, Return On Assets, and Debt to Equity Ratio on Stock Prices of Agricultural Companies on the IDX List,' aimed to see how financial indicators like current ratio, return on assets, and debt to equity affect stock prices. Secondary data for this study came from the BEI website in the form of yearly financial reports, as well as finance.yahoo.com for stock prices for agricultural enterprises. Purposive sample of three firms with a total of 30 data points is used in this investigation. The data analysis strategy may be carried out using the traditional assumption test analysis technique, the coefficient of determination (R2), and the hypothesis testing stage is carried out using the F-test and t-test with the data processing tool, SPSS version 16. According to the findings, the current ratio and debt to equity ratio have a partial negative and significant influence on the value of the stock price, whereas the return on assets has a partly negative and substantial effect on the value of the stock price. But when evaluated at the same time span, the results show the simultaneous effect of the ratio of the independent variables on dependent variable of stock prices, passively or actively thus leads to a reporting basis for its fundamental output.


A 75-year-old woman was admitted for exertional dyspnea and chest pain that had been present for several months. She denied any past history of medical illness such as hypertension or diabetes, as well as any past history of significant trauma. On physical examination, no definite cardiac murmur was auscultated. A chest x-ray showed a bulging silhouette at the right border of the heart. Electrocardiographic findings showed no significant abnormalities. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed an abnormal echolucent large mass lesion at the right atrial side, suggesting an intraright atrial mass, pericardial cyst, or aneurysm. To determine the exact location of the mass and its relation to the right atrium, a contrast echocardiogram with intravenous agitated …


The pain of natural childbirth is the most painful ailment that human experience. Fear of labor pain is an important factor in the desire and urges of women for elective cesarean section. Also, Hyoscine is an anticholinergic, antispasmodic, analgesic and soothing agent. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of hyoscine- n -butyl bromide on labor pain in nulliparous women, so that the results can be applied as a method to reduce labor and to encourage women for vaginal delivery. Methods: This double blind clinical trial study was performed on 110 nulliparous referred to Ali Ebne Abitaleb hospital of Zahedan for delivery in 2013. The case group received 20 mg hyocsine to 1cc and the control group received 1 cc normal saline in similar syringes with preset codes as single dose and IV at the beginning of the active phase of labor. During pacifically hours after administration of drug and placebo, the intensity of pain was determined and recorded. Data was analyzed using statistical SPSS software (version 19), t-test and Chi-square. PResults: The intensity of pain was less in case group than the control group, but the difference was not significant (P=0.456). Conclusion: It seems that hyoscine cannot significantly affect the smooth muscle of the uterus and cannot be used as an effective drug to reduce labor pain, but slightly reduces labor pain.


Discusses the role of ICANN (the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), a private not-for-profit California corporation created to manage the Internet domain name system and take the regulatory action that the US Department of Commerce (DoC) was unable or unwilling to handle directly. Considers ICANN's legal status and policy-making activities. Explores the criticisms that have been levelled at ICANN, relating to: (1) the DoC's relationship with ICANN; (2) the violation of competition laws; and (3) the effect of ICANN's actions in Europe.


As Jean Savarin, the great French gastronome, proclaimed, "The pleasures of the table are of all times and all ages, of every country and of every day; they go hand in hand with all our other pleasures, outlast them, and in the end console us for their loss" (2). Certainly, the wisdom of this century-old aphorism is very much in effect today as the pleasures of the table still introduce and eventually overrule the other physical pleasures that become outlasted with age. As Latin American contemporary women writers propose, however, the 'other' pleasures alluded by Savarin not necessarily begin at the table, but, for that matter, they might even be ignited in the kitchen itself, the not-so-romantic space often conceived as a site of feminine oppression imposed by societal decree. Aware of the urgency to debunk fixed icons of domesticity that keep women tied up to any specific locus, over the past five decades, feminist discourse worldwide has sought to reformulate both imaginary and real spaces that have traditionally been assigned to the feminine. Through literature and art, women have begun to reflect upon the social and historical relevance of a variety of activities habitually relegated to the feminine and the


A retrospective study was undertaken to assess infectivity for household contacts of tuberculous patients briefly hospitalized in a private general hospital and discharged receiving ambulatory chemotherapy while sputum still contained tubercle bacilli. Eighty-six patients (Group A) were discharged for supervised home therapy while culture positive (52 were positive by smear), and 69 patients (Group B) were negative by both smear and culture at discharge. The median hospital stay was less than 6 weeks, and the median time for culture conversion to negative after discharge for Group A was 41 days. Risk of infection for 284 Group A contacts and for 216 Group B contacts was assessed by skin testing performed before discharge of the index case, or 3 months after the index case became culture negative, or both. Brief hospitalization required skin test data to be analyzed according to the total number of reactors among each group of contacts. When induration of more than either 5 or 9 mm were considered positive...


This paper seeks to address the decision process involved in setting a warranty length for a product after successive repairs are performed. For that purpose, the paper starts describing briefly the warranty perspective and introducing the relevant literature related to Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). Then, the main aspects of LCCA are defined in order to be applied for the calculation of the warranty period in a product which has been sold and requires a technical assistance for its repair. This work includes as a novelty the calculation of such period of time in relationship with the risk that the company is willing to assume. The result is a procedure that may be crucial for a maintenance company, not only to make better forecasts of future warranty costs but also as an important marketing tool. With this goal, this paper describes a mathematical development which will be illustrated with a case study divided in two exercises, where the above mentioned concepts are applied to calculate the proper warranty period for a specific repaired product. Finally, the conclusions are presented summarizing the main contributions of the paper.


By making use of a technique in which TiB2 particulates are formed by an in situ reaction in molten aluminium, TiB2/Al composites have been fabricated. The formation mechanism of TiB2 particulate was studied with XRD and SEM. The results show that (1) the heat generated by the reaction 3Al1+Tis→Al3Ti is one of reasons for igniting the reactions Al3Ti+2B→ 3Al+TiB2 and Ti+2B →TiB2, (2) diffusion, solution-precipitation mechanisms occur during this process and (3) both theoretical and experimental results have shown that the effect of aluminium content in the preform on the formation mechanism of TiB2 particulate is much obvious. When the mole fraction of aluminium in the preform exceeds 43.5%, TiB2 particulates are formed by a diffusion mechanism, and the morphology of the particulates is approximately spherical. A part of TiB2 particulates is formed by a solution-precipitation mechanism when the mole fraction of aluminium is lower than 43.5%, and the TiB2 particulates have grown up to square and multilateral shape. A number of square and multilateral TiB2 particulates with growing steps have been clearly observed with SEM.


The problem of this study was to determine the number of first semester college freshmen who could correctly identify the individuals who are generally considered the "fathers" of communism and capitalism. A questionnaire was administered to 241 freshmen students enrolled in English 101, College Reading and Writing, at Texas A&M University-Commerce. Thirty-eight percent of the students correctly identified Adam Smith. Forty-six percent of the students correctly identified Karl Marx. Only 22% of the students correctly identified both men. A vast majority of the respondents--218 of the 241--indicated that they had a high school economics course or an economics component in their high school curriculum. Of these 218 students, 48 percent correctly chose Marx as the "father" of communism, while only forty percent chose Smith as the "father" of capitalism. Economic Heritage Economic heritage is an important aspect of any society or nation. We have been fortunate to have adopted the capitalistic or free enterprise system of economics since our beginnings as a nation in 1776. Who was the individual most responsible for this occurrence? Clearly it was Adam Smith and his groundbreaking and insightful work "The Wealth of Nations," which was published in 1776, and which formed the basis for our founding fathers to adopt and implement capitalism as a means to distribute goods and services within our nation. Conversely, the person considered the founder of communism was Karl Marx who, through his defining work "Das Kapital" influenced many nations to follow the path of communism as the economic system to distribute wealth. The two economic systems have been in a struggle for dominance for over 100 years. In recent years, it appears that the winner in the contest between capitalism and communism is capitalism or the free enterprise system. The researchers have conducted three previous studies to determine whether recent high school graduates or beginning college students are able to identify the founding fathers of these competing systems. This was done as a gauge or proxy to measure the young student's knowledge of this nation's economic heritage. The citizens of the United States have enjoyed unparalleled economic success for more than 200 years. Certainly the influence of Adam Smith should be recognized and appreciated. But is this the case? In the earlier studies of freshman college students on this issue, it was found that more students were able to identify Karl Marx as the founder of communism than could identify Adam Smith as the synthesizer and main proponent of the free enterprise system. The first survey was conducted in 1984 since Texas had introduced legislation which mandated an economic component in all high school curricula by the 1978-79 year. Thus, the mandate for an economic component had been in place for about 5 years. In 1973, the Texas Legislature mandated that all public high schools provide instruction in the "essentials of the free enterprise system." Subsequently, the State Board of Education amended school accreditation standards to require that all schools: (a) offer an elective free enterprise course to all high school students, (b) incorporate the study of the free enterprise system into the required high school social studies courses, and (c) correlate free enterprise education instruction with the elementary curriculum (Texas Education Agency, 1979). The Economic Education Act of 1977 gave the State Board of Education power to expand the scope of free enterprise education and listed deadlines for the implementation of economic education in Texas public schools. Adopted measures for grades 10-12 were implemented for the 1978-1979 school year (Manton & English, 2000, p. 468). The results of surveying mostly freshmen students in two sections of introduction to business classes consisting of 201 students, showed that 73% were able to correctly identify Karl Marx compared to only 22% correctly identifying Adam Smith. …


The Economic prosperity have always been linked to international trade and inflow of foreign direct investment.However,over past decades,Energy is important input for all major sectors of an economy.But in South Asian region,Governments' insufficiency to initiate new projects to grow productive capacity of energy coupled with its increasing demand leads to power cutoffs.Which depict the lines of disequilibrium in energy demand and supply.For this region,a very little academic literature exist on why this crisis and what is energy-economic growth relationship.Moreover,previous literature based on simple causality bi-variate analysis.Thus,this book provides panel co-integration analysis for selected South Asian countries.whether economic growth takes precedence over energy use or energy itself motivates for growth.Several reports,data sets and policies are given in order to clarify and support the analysis.Beside this,based on analysis some short-term and long-term plannings,modified polices and recommendations are addressed.It should helpful to new upcoming studies,researches.specially useful to policy orientations to implement policies and projects,which are in national interest


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
To describe the sonographic features of senile scleral calcification using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Four patients in whom senile scleral calcifications were found incidentally on computed tomography studies underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy examination.

RESULTS
The senile scleral calcification was bilateral in three patients and unilateral in one patient. In all patients, the calcified material created the anterior shadowing typical of calcified lesions. The ultrasound biomicroscopy study localized the senile scleral calcification to the subconjunctival layer, superficially above the sclera, and anterior to the horizontal muscles.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first description of the ultrasound biomicroscopy features of senile scleral calcification. Ultrasound biomicroscopy may serve as a good tool for the accurate localization of the plaque.


Taking a super high-rise building in Dubai as example, the deepening design of the electrical system is introduced, and the similarities and differences of the standards and construction methods between China and foreign countries are analyzed in this article.


amplification properties of the OFI Ar 2 * amplifier were evaluated. A gain-length product of 0.84 was obtained by using multi-pass ampli fi cation with a VUV cavity. The gain-length product was increased up to 4.3 through the use of single-pass ampli fi cation with a VUV re fl ector and a hollow fi ber. We optimized temporal and spatial overlaps between a VUV seed pulse generated as the 7th harmonic radiation and the OFI Ar 2 * ampli fi er. The optimal injection time of the seed pulse into the OFI Ar 2 * amplifier was 20 ns, which agreed with a peak time of Ar 2 * spontaneous emission. The spatially-resolved ampli fi cation of VUV seed pulses at 126 nm was observed in an OFI Ar 2 * ampli fi er. The maximum ampli fi cation ratio of 3.1 was observed, which corresponded to a gain value of 1.17 cm (cid:12063) 1 .


Computer programs dealing with different parts of the optimization process are in operation in Norway today, and they include: the hydrological part from weather forecast to reservoir level/volume; the power plant with water passages and machinery; a series of power stations and reservoirs in a river system; and a set of power stations with transmission lines, distribution network and power market (varying demand and price). In this paper, a power plant program is discussed. This program was developed by Nybro-Bjerck A/S for the Norwegian State Power Board for use in their 33 power plants with 105 units with an annual production of about 30 TWh.


Competitiveness of mineral exploration for companies is based on reducing costs and capital intensity, improving dynamics and shortening delays between target testing and feasibility analysis. As the use of in situ analyses increases, pXRF (portable X-ray fluorescence) represents a good perspective for a fast and reliable low-footprint exploration approach. This study was carried out as part of the European EIT Raw Materials project UpDeep, which aimed at the demonstration of the applicability of modern geochemical methods for the discovery of new critical metals ore deposits.

We revisited a historic Vendean Sb district, located in western France and southeast of Brittany. First mining activities on antimony ore deposits took place during the 18th century at La Ramée, followed at the beginning of the 19th century, by the discovery of a rich vein at Rochetrejoux, which led to new activities until 1925. The French Geological Survey (BRGM) conducted large-scale survey during the 1970-1980s by stream-sediment followed by soil sampling focusing on sediment anomalies, which led to discovery of around 20 new prospects distributed on a 50x20 km area, in particular at Les Brouzils, La Télachère and La Copechagnière. Mining operations started again until the mid-1990s at Les Brouzils mine. The area is characterized by extensive agricultural practices.

The geological framework of the area is Variscan metamorphic rocks (gneiss and amphibolites) and slightly metamorphised sedimentary rocks, locally crosscut by dolerite dykes. Variscan thrust and shear-zones generated a network of conjugated tension fractures, controlling Sb mineralisations emplacement. The Les Brouzils ore deposits consists of a principal lode system dipping at 70°  and extending over at least 800 m horizontally and recognized up to 100 m vertically. The principal characteristic of this ore deposit is the presence of large blades of stibnite. Berthierite, pyrite and arsenopyrite complete the paragenesis. In the La Télachère prospects, trenches and drill holes on the two principal anomalies determined the presence of a quartz lode system with associated stibnite. Paragenesis comprises stibnite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, berthierite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite and gold in a quartz gangue. At La Copechanière, known deposits correspond to subvertical quartz NW-SE veins with stibnite, with thickness of 0.2 – 0.3 m. All the area is partially covered by plateaux silts and gravels of mixed allochtonous (eolian) and autochtonous origin. Thickness of the plateau loess can be comprised in the range 0.5 – 2 m.

For this study, we performed shallow-soil sampling (Ah and B horizons) along profiles across known veins to capture the endogenic geochemical anomaly signals. Despite an expected bias with laboratory analyses, pXRF measurements effectively located the Sb veins, with Sb and associated pathfinder elements (As, Mn) patterns, especially when using the pXRF multi-element capabilities enhanced by compositional data processing methods. Similar geochemical patterns obtained for both studied horizons suggest that application of on-site approach to humic horizon can increase efficiency of the survey and decrease its impacts.


Summary form only given. In conventional communication networks data protection is achieved via forward error correction (FEC) which are implemented in the physical (PHY) layer. In this paper we propose a novel technique that will provide additional reliability by exploiting excess network capacity and modifying upper layers (e.g. networking and applications). The proposed technique is generic and could be applicable to any existing network, both wired and wireless. Some examples of such networks include (but not limited to) WiMAX, 3G, WiFi, etc. In this particular research sponsored by EU Marie Currie TOK Project "net- on-demand" we focus our research on wireless ad-hoc sensor networks, which have a wide range of applications, varying from security to environment monitoring and e-HEALTH. In the main paper we describe a modified Galager algorithm for flow optimal routing, which allows redundant paths to be utilised for additional information protection. This would lead to higher reliability of the transmitted data and potentially to higher throughputs in the existing networks, thus providing additional services without capital expenditure. In the main paper we will present detailed description of the modified Galager algorithm and describe its implementation in the existing communication networks. We also will define a set of network parameters that will be used for comparison purposes and present simulation results that confirm and illustrate achieved goals.


Influence of the eleuterococcus vegetative adaptogene (residue after alcohol extraction) on the black-and-white breed cow immunological status in the process of dehelminthization is studied. Eleuterococcus protein meal introduction into cow diet in the process of dehelminthization by aversekt exercises significant antitoxic and immune stimulating effect on the animal organism that is reflected in increase of the total protein level, amount of albumen, gamma globulin, JgG, coming to the physiological standard in spite of toxicological and suppression effect of aversekt and invasion. Simultaneously muscular tissue aminoacid composition normalizes together with increase of index of its biological full-value that does not occur with the animals from the experimental group who are not given eleuterococcus protein meal.


Increasing herd size often brings major challenges in maintaining dense swards, especially near cow houses. High-quality, trampling-resistant swards are crucial for grazing management, animal welfare and environmental protection. A field experiment initiated in July 2012 (triplicate plots) at Uppsala, Sweden, is comparing four seed mixtures with regard to establishment rate, resistance to trampling and grazing behaviour. The mixtures comprise forage and amenity cultivars of smooth meadow-grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra), with/without inclusions of white clover (Trifolium repens), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Degree of ground cover was evaluated by spatial analysis of Unmanned Aircraft System photographs (taken May, July, Sept. 2013, April 2014) and field measurements (plants m-2) (August 2012, May 2013). Botanical composition was determined in May 2014. The seed mixture with tall fescue (35% cv. Borneo) established significantly more slowly than other mixtures (P<0.05), but by September 2013 had the highest ground cover (70%) due to a high proportion of white clover. In May 2014, all four mixtures had sufficient ground cover after winter (~86%). Next, the treatments will be intensively grazed and trampling resistance and grazing behaviour analysed.


A robust bank industry is a major player in the stability of an economy. By way of financial ratios and Z-score, the study analysed UT Bank's financial performance prior to the recent bank sector reforms. Annual financials over a four year period were used. Debt management practices of UT Bank per the results obtained were quite on the hind side. Leverage and risk variables were poorly handled. UT Bank would have been unable to meet creditors' claims considering the mean average values of debt -to-assets and debt-to equity ratios of 0.76 and 0.90 respectively. The entire bank sector will be put on sound footing on if credit management practices of individual banks are refreshed. The bank industry regulator should tighten its supervisory and monitoring role over banks to help detect early signs of non-performing banks. The study further recommends that statutory lending limits of banks be re-enforced to uphold the threshold of 10 percent for unsecured loans and 25 percentage for secured loans of net owned funds of the bank.


Ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol were each administered once weekly subcutaneously to groups of 100 female NMRI mice at 3 dosages (30; 10 und 3 mg single dose per mouse). Tricaprylin was used as solvent. The mean total dosage per mouse was 2110.5; 707.0 and 196.2 mg for ethylene glycol and 2029.8; 671.7 and 213.3 mg for diethylene glycol. Neither ethylene glycol nor diethylene glycol induced tumors at the injection site or away from the point of administration.


www.PRSJournal.com 21 D women trying to decide how best to treat their breast cancers deserve to know whether they are genetically inclined to develop a new cancer in the opposite breast? What about women who seek to understand the choice of lumpectomy? Do they deserve to know whether their breast tissue is genetically programmed to make new cancers if they preserve their breast? Although these questions may seem rhetorical, Dr. Dayan and colleagues1 demonstrate that they are not: women who have endured the tragedy of a breast cancer diagnosis sometimes suffer the added indignity of being denied relevant and important facts. Fortunately, improvements in technology and increased competition have forced down the costs of genetic testing, and soon insurance companies will not need to ration coverage for these tests with clinical guidelines. All women with breast cancer should be tested for known mutations. In this study, performed at a time when genetic testing was and is rationed by clinical guidelines, the authors point out that women who are scheduled to undergo unilateral transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction constitute a special class of patients because the TRAM flap can be used only once. Therefore, the authors argue, such patients should be tested for genetic predisposition to breast cancer to inform their choice to have contralateral mastectomy and bilateral TRAM flap breast reconstruction. By comparing the cost of genetic testing for all their 160 study participants against the cost of breast reconstruction for three patients (of the 160) who initially did not undergo bilateral breast reconstruction with their abdominal tissues, the authors conclude that "it is cost-effective to test every patient before unilateral abdominally based free flap breast reconstruction." Having endorsed the conclusion of this study—indeed, having applauded its extension—I find myself in the interesting position of disagreeing with the authors' assumptions and their methodology. I agree that women with breast cancer should get genetic testing, but I do not arrive at their conclusion based on their data. Let me agree with the authors that the abdominal tissues transferred by the TRAM flap can produce natural and consistent breast reconstructions. In fact, when I first entered practice almost 30 years ago, I was so impressed with the outcomes achieved by immediate autologous reconstructions in the setting of skin-sparing mastectomies that I proposed that this unique combination of surgical techniques deserved to replace lumpectomy and radiation therapy as the primary treatment for ductal carcinoma in situ.2 The aesthetic outcomes of this combination were equivalent to those produced by lumpectomy and radiation therapy, but the lower rate of ipsilateral recurrence observed with mastectomy suggested that more women might want to consider this option. With the publication of the 12-year National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-06 data,3 this argument was extended to invasive breast cancer.4 In fact, a few years later, using the same breast conservation study, I argued that not only had the safety of skin-sparing mastectomy been proven, but the safety of nipple-sparing mastectomy had also been proven5 for the setting of invasive breast cancer. As women discovered that they could have aggressive cancer operations but preserve their aesthetic appearance and generally avoid radiation therapy, more women began to choose mastectomy and reconstruction over lumpectomy and radiation therapy as the primary treatment of breast cancer.6,7 This chronology is relevant because, like the authors, I was not favorably impressed with the


In this study, we investigated the variation in the microbial community present in bulk tank milk samples and the potential effect of different farm management factors. Bulk tank milk samples were collected repeatedly over one year from 42 farms located in northern Sweden. Total and thermoresistant bacteria counts and 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing were used to characterize microbial community composition. The microbial community was in general heterogeneous both within and between different farms and the community composition in the bulk tank milk was commonly dominated by Pseudomonas , Acinetobacter , Streptococcus , unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae , and Staphylococcus . Principal component analysis including farm factor variables and microbial taxa data revealed that the microbial community in milk was affected by type of milking system. Milk from farms using an automatic (robot) milking system (AMS) and loose housing showed different microbial community composition compared with milk from tiestall farms. A discriminant analysis model revealed that this difference was dependent on several microbial taxa. Among farms using an automatic milking system, there were further differences in the microbial community composition depending on the brand of the milking robot used. On tiestall farms, routines for teat preparation and cleaning of the milking equipment affected the microbial community composition in milk. Total bacteria count (TBC) in milk differed between the farm types, and TBC were higher on AMS than tiestall farms (log 4.05 vs. log 3.79


108 Background: It is increasingly recognized that earlier integration of palliative care for patients with advanced cancers positively impacts both cost and quality of oncology care. Compass Oncology (CO) is a multidisciplinary community oncology practice and a member of The US Oncology Network; 39 medical, gynecologic, and radiation oncologists and 18 advance practice providers serve patients at 6 sites in Oregon and Washington. In 2008, CO prioritized practice improvement in end of life care, identifying metrics for ongoing assessment. Between 2009 and 2014, quality improvement (QI) projects focused on communication skills; whole-staff palliative care education; integration of social workers; initiation of embedded palliative care at 2 sites; and development of a more standardized approach to Advance Care Planning (ACP).

METHODS
Systematic retrospective record review of patient deaths from January 2009 to December 2013, targeting analysis of hospice utilization, chemotherapy use at end of life, and ACP.

RESULTS
Among patients with a CO visit within 6 months of a documented date of death (n= 783 in 2009; n= 909 in 2013), both hospice utilization and ACP participation improved significantly. Percent of patients with evidence for Advance Directive (AD), POLST or code status documented in the electronic medical record (EMR) improved from 36% in 2009 to 50 % in 2013 (p<0.001). Percent of patients enrolled in hospice at the time of death improved from 56% in 2009 to 63% in 2013 (p= 0.003). No statistically significant change was noted in % patients receiving chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life.

CONCLUSIONS
Focused implementation of end of life care QI strategies in a large multidisciplinary community oncology practice appears to result in both improved hospice utilization and ACP. Chemotherapy usage in the last 14 days of life remains a meaningful target for intervention. Future QI efforts will focus on ongoing, scalable improvement in these metrics. [Table: see text].


The article is devoted to the actual problem of the influence of the socio-political situation in the country, interstate relations on the decision of the leadership to provide military assistance to one of the States, based on the Treaty of friendship and cooperation between them. The problem is investigated on the example of the influence of the socio-political situation in Afghanistan from 1973 to 1978 Revealed the contradictions of Afghan society, the aims and purposes of the confrontation of government and opposition parties. It required an excuse for opposition parties to come forward to overthrow M. Daud and started reforms aimed at the democratic development of Afghan society. The April revolution in 1978 was the result of opposition between the government and the opposition. The contradictions that formed after The April revolution of 1978 and led to the entry of a limited contingent of Soviet troops into the country on April 27, 1979, the reasons and the reason for the Soviet Union's implementation of the Treaty of friendship, good-neighbourliness and cooperation with Afghanistan (1978) are revealed. The article formulates the lessons learned by the Russian society and the state from the events of the April revolution of 1978. The provision by the Soviet Union of financial, material and then military assistance to Afghanistan has revealed the importance of open information to society and the world community about the measures taken by the state, based on the principle of necessity and sufficiency to ensure national interests. Coverage in the media of military operations and the attitude of society to them confirmed the fact that the support of the armed forces by society is a factor of victory and at the same time sustainable formation of value orientations of society. They allow a state to confidently formulate its domestic and foreign policy in accordance with the UN Charter, which provides for the right of any state to request and receive assistance from any other state against aggression. The study of students who are trained in military training programs and cadets of higher military educational institutions of the Afghan experience is extremely important, since the period of formation of the higher military school of the Ministry of defense of Russia will have time to search for young officers reserve and frame their individuality and values.


In a world where the population is ageing and in which there are increased pressures to treat patients in the primary care setting, new approaches are required to manage chronic disease. Since medicines are usually central to disease management, community pharmacists have endeavoured to embrace the practice of pharmaceutical care and medicines management. When we look across Europe, however, contemporary community pharmacy provision falls far short of what could be considered best pharmaceutical care practice. Across the UK, there have been some improvements, including more consistency in advice provision to patients though the use of standard operating procedures in pharmacies and through better training of technicians and counter assistants. However, the patient often still remains a receptacle for the receipt of care with, in the main, having little involvement in their disease management. It is time therefore to explore new approaches to getting patients more involved in their care. Improving medication adherence, which still seems to be stuck at the very resistant 50% mark, is central, as is getting better warning systems in place for when a patient with a chronic illness is getting 'out of control' such that they can either modify their own treatment under guidance and/or seek or obtain help once certain triggers are flagged. Early intervention can often result in the prevention of expensive hospitalisations and therefore ease the pressure on an already stretched secondary care system. The application of new monitoring and communication technology within healthcare is considered an innovative solution to the challenges facing the health service, particularly as the population ages and the management of chronic illness becomes increasingly important. This 'Connected Health' concept, often involves the patient engaging in monitoring markers of disease control in their own home, with the data generated being transmitted to a central triage centre. Healthcare staff (often trained nurses) at the triage centre, provide patients with feedback regarding the next steps to be taken by the patient if the measured parameters are outside the 'normal' limits. This type of approach has resulted in some notable success, particularly within the VA system in the USA. Work in this area to date has, however, largely ignored the potentially pivotal input of pharmacists and in particular community pharmacists who are the key healthcare professionals in helping chronically ill patients manage their medicines in their own home (including adhering to the complex regimens which are often prescribed). The lack of integration of the activities of the general practitioner and the community pharmacist within the primary care sector in the UK is still very evident and the pharmacist (or drug expert) often has little influence in disease management outside the secondary care sector. A technology supported 'connected health' approach involving the patient, the GP and the community pharmacist has the potential to lead to a much more integrated approach. Too often, however, the manufacturers of the home monitoring devices and the associated connectivity infrastructure used in the 'connected health' approach, forget that the primary healthcare system in the UK is complex and fragmented into small populations grouped around GP practices and community pharmacies. For the new technology to be fully effective, it is my view that patients must be treated as individuals and receive care from the healthcare professionals that they know and trust, rather than from a remote triage centre. Technology should therefore be used to link the three partners (patient, pharmacist, GP), with each having different responsibilities. In such an approach the patient will be responsible for managing their medicines according to an agreed schedule, carrying out the home monitoring and providing feedback on symptom control through the connected health equipment. The results of this engagement will then be relayed (wirelessly or via landline linkage) to a central (webbased) data platform, which will automatically send back a positive, supportive message to the patient if control is being achieved. When disease management markers become out of control, they will automatically trigger an alert message to be sent to the patient and also to the GP or pharmacist (or both) for appropriate action to be taken. Having reviewed the findings, the GP or pharmacist could then send a text message to the home base unit or telephone the patient to give advice. This type of approach could also be delivered from a hospital base (hospital doctor and clinical pharmacist), for example, during the first month (highest risk period for readmission) after a patient has been hospitalised, before 'discharging' the patient to the primary care providers when the patient is deemed to be stabilised. This 'ward in the community' concept could be a useful approach to addressing high readmission rates. Continued support could be provided from the hospital pharmacy team if community pharmacists do not wish to become engaged. Editorial


Objective: Investigate if 24-hour ambulatory central aortic systolic blood pressure(CASP) is feasible and associated with albuminuria in type 1 diabetes(T1DM). Methods: Cross-sectional study, 649 Caucasian T1DM patients and 86 controls(C). Patients were 69 with short diabetes duration (<10 years), normoalbuminuria (<30 mg/24-hour) and not receiving antihypertensive treatment(SN); 211 with longstanding diabetes (≥10 years) and normoalbuminuria(LN); 164 with microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24-hour)(Mi) and 205 with macroalbuminuria (>300 mg/24-hour)(Ma). 24-hour ambulatory blood pressures were measured with tonometry by BPro (HealthStats), previously validated according to ESH and AAMI. Dipping was percentage decrease in blood pressure(BP) from day- to nighttime (12pm-6am). Results: For the groups (C, SN, LN, Mi, Ma): mean ± SD age was 49 ± 12; 39 ± 13; 57 ± 11; 58 ± 11 and 55 ± 10 years; diabetes duration: nil; 6 ± 6; 38 ± 11; 36 ± 15 and 39 ± 11 years; and eGFR; 96 ± 16; 107 ± 21; 90 ± 20; 85 ± 26; and 62 ± 29 ml/min/1.73m2; (p<0.001 for all). Mean 24-hour CASP: 114 ± 17; 115 ± 13; 121 ± 13; 119 ± 16 and 122 ± 14mmHg; (p<0.001). Mean 24-hour systolic BP(SBP): 122 ± 19; 124 ± 15; 129 ± 15; 128 ± 17 and 132 ± 15mmHg; (p<0.001). Central dipping: 10.0 ± 5.9; 11.1 ± 7.9; 8.7 ± 6.1; 8.9 ± 6.6 and 6.6 ± 6.6%; (p<0.001). Brachial dipping: 10.6 ± 5.2; 11.2 ± 6.4; 9.5 ± 5.3; 9.4 ± 5.6 and 7.5 ± 5.9%; (p<0.001). Correlations between BPs and dipping were r2 = 0.98 and r2 = 0.93 (p<0.001/<0.001). Following multivariate adjustment (age, gender, 24-hour mean arterial pressure, 24-hour heart rate, BMI) both CASP and SBP increased with diabetes duration and albuminuria (p<0.001). Systolic and central dipping decreased with duration and albuminuria (p = 0.012/0.013). Conclusion: 24-hour CASP and brachial BP measurements were feasible in T1DM patients. 24-hour CASP and brachial BPs increased, while brachial and less so central dipping decreased with diabetes duration and albuminuria, independently of covariates.


A spiral CT scanner is a CT device which can not only make a conventional, or slice-to-slice scan, but can also perform a scan in which the patient moves slowly through the gantry, while the X-ray tube and detector rotate in a plane perpendicular to the major axis of the patient. This means that the X-ray tube and detector perform a 'spiral' or 'helical' movement with respect to the patient, generally at a rate of one revolution per second. This technique allows fast and continuous acquisition of the data from a complete volume. Many coarse data sets, each of one rotation, are created by interpolation of the spiral data, after which the axial images are generated using the standard reconstruction techniques. The advantages of speed and continuity can be seen in applications such as imaging of the lungs. The speed allows the complete data set to be acquired within one breathhold. This avoids the problem of parts of the lung being missed because the patient breathes differently in consecutive acquisitions. The speed of acquisition also makes it possible to make better use of the contrast dynamics of intravenously administered contrast agents, e.g. in CT angiography (CTA). This allows blood vessels to be imaged while they contain the maximum amount of contrast agent. It is also possible to obtain images of a complete organ in one or several specific phases of contrast enhancement, by scanning the volume repeatedly during a single contrast cycle. In the latter case the scans are referred to as multiphasic scans, and are used in such applications as the detection and classification of liver tumours. The speed and continuity of acquisition in spiral CT also has certain disadvantages. Due to the high speed, the quantity of radiation generated per rotation is smaller, resulting in reduced image quality. Due to the continuity of the movement, every measurement is done in a slightly different part of the anatomy. This results in increased slice thickness and, in some applications, the presence of artifacts. The basic principles of conventional and spiral CT have been extensively described in the literature [1– 8]. This review describes those parameters that affect the quality of a spiral CT data set, and the way in which they should be selected in order to optimize the diagnostic quality of the scan. Spatial resolution is a measure of how well a detail is delineated in an image. The …


A three-level masking technique is used to improve the aspect ratio of InP-based photonic crystals. The masking consists of a ZEP/Cr/SiOx stack where the ZEP layer is used to open the Cr which on its turn is a good mask for opening the 500 nm thick SiOx layer. Subsequently InP is etched in an ICP process using Cl2:O2. Very high aspect ratios could be achieved in holes ranging from 130 up to 270 nm in diameter. A maximum aspect ratio of >20 is obtained with the narrowest holes having diameters of 180 and 130 nm.


While the thermal stability of the pinned layer magnetization in spin valves (SVs) has been studied extensively, less attention has been paid to the stability of the free layer anisotropy. Control of this anisotropy is important since it contributes significantly to the sensitivity and magnetic stability of the device. The kinetics of anisotropy relaxation in SVs are studied through isothermal hard axis anneals at temperatures ranging from 120 °C to 200 °C. A general quantitative method is applied to extract the anisotropy in a complete SV in the presence of interlayer coupling and pinned layer rotation. For a free layer consisting of a Ni81Fe19/Co90Fe10 bilayer, it is found that the anisotropy relaxation is proportional to T ln(t/t1), i.e., linear in temperature T and logarithmic in time t. The characteristic onset time t1 is described by t1_0 exp(Ea/kT). These results are compared with previously reported data for single NiFe films.


In this study, the authors examine patient use of and feelings about wearable technologies for health attainment and management. Based on an online survey of 81 patients using wearable technologies to track and manage health, as well as interviews with three patients utilizing wearables for health management, the authors examine how wearable technologies are being used by patients to attain health, manage health, and/or prevent health issues, and what value users find in these wearable technologies. The authors also examine how such use is impacting communication between medical professionals and patients. Specifically, the authors explore how the inclusion of wearable technologies has changed the "rhetorical relationship" between patients and medical professionals. The study concludes with a discussion of the future of wearable devices in patient-medical practitioner relationships and clinical settings.


Abstract : This report presents successful ways to use biogeochemical characterization data to optimize sediment site assessment and management. Appropriate data will help risk accessors and managers guide, define, negotiate, and comply with current regulatory and U.S. Navy guidance, as well as achieve cost reduction and more effective remedies. In most cases, this report is consistent with the recently published U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) "Principles for Managing Contaminated Sediment Risks at Hazardous Waste Sites" (U.S. EPA, 2002). Sections of this guidance should help manage sediments in line with these principles. As with every issue that is complex in regulatory and technical terms, all steps of the process should be designed and carried out in close collaboration and communication with all parties. This report highlights many successful aspects of contaminated sediment assessment and management. It provides site owners with examples of how to use site- specific data to compare site, background, and regional sediment signatures to address risk, determine responsibility for inputs, rank sites, and prioritize management; to help bridge the gap between remedial investigations and feasibility studies; and to provide site owners with the tools to rapidly determine what sediment management approaches are feasible for contaminated sediments at their sites and to use site data to evaluate, communicate, and negotiate management choices. The approach of this report is to highlight some major uses for data on contaminant/sediment geochemical interactions in the assessment and management of contaminated sediments. It is not an exhaustive review of all potentialities, but it does provide many examples, case studies, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) that should aid Remedial Project Managers (RPMs), risk assessors, and managers in using site data to evaluate, negotiate, and select management strategies.


This study investigates a random sample of people who left welfare and a similar sample who returned to welfare in a mid-Atlantic state in 2002. Findings show that child-care difficulties are important barriers to employment and that they are bound together with other conditions of poverty such as adverse neighborhood conditions and other deprivations. Child care provision becomes difficult when neighborhoods are infested with drugs or guns or when caregivers must spend too much time finding the means to pay bills or rent and put food on the table. For the poorest groups, all these conditions negatively impact quality of life. The study's findings suggest social policy revisions that emphasize programs to improve the children's neighborhood environment and means of socialization, supplement caregivers' income to levels sufficient to pay for child care, and remove inadequacies or inconsistencies in government child care provision.


In response to a request from a client for the download installation of a device driver, device informational data that has been registered in a server and an installation set, which also has been registered in the server and includes the device driver and applications related to the device driver, are downloaded from the server to the client. On the basis of the device information data that has been downloaded from the server, the device driver and the related applications are installed in the client. After installation, post-installation processing regarding the applications related to the installed device driver is executed at the client based upon the device informational data.


Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) is one of the most commonly used power reduction techniques in high-performance processors. DVFS varies the frequency and voltage of a microprocessor in real-time according to processing needs. Although there are different versions of DVFS, at its core DVFS adapts power consumption and performance to the current workload of the CPU. Specifically, existing DVFS techniques in high-performance processors select an operating point (CPU frequency and voltage) based on the utilization of the processor. This approach integrates OS-level control, but such control is pessimistic. Existing DVFS techniques are pessimistic about the user. Indeed, they ignore the user, assuming that CPU utilization or the OS events prompting it are sufficient proxies. A high CPU utilization simply leads to a high frequency and high voltage, regardless of the user's satisfaction or expectation of performance. Existing DVFS techniques are pessimistic about the CPU. They assume worst-case manufacturing process variation and operating temperature by basing their policies on loose worstcase bounds given by the processor manufacturer. A voltage level for a given frequency is set such that even the worst shipped processor of a given generation will be stable at the highest specified temperature. In response to these observations, we have developed, implemented, and evaluated the following two new power management techniques that can be readily employed independently or together. We elaborate on these techniques in detail elsewhere [4].


The use of spectral remote sensing is a reality for the determination of soil attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the soil spectral curves of a dataset and infer the possibility of their use for management purposes. For this, soil samples were collected at Rafard/SP in a regular grid of 100 m of edge, totaled 185 points. These samples were submitted to physical, chemical, mineralogical and spectral analyses in individual laboratories. From the results of the analysis was performed to soil classification and organization chart containing the spectral curves for each soil class. Through visual and statistics evaluations were determined, among the 18 land units of area, groups of classes with similar characteristics for both the surface layer and subsurface. These groupings refer, among other attributes, to the original material, constitution textural, mineralogical composition, etc. It is fundamental to the characterization of the area and formulates practicable strategies for better use of it. Thus, it was noted that the analysis of spectral curves can indeed generate information of great practical importance for the management of soils in this region.


velocity in the right internal carotid artery. Despite their unsuccessful attempts at diagnosing pathology within the carotid artery, one can assume that on pathologic examination, it is always there, as minimal as it may be. The history of deep venous thrombosis and proven activated protein C resistance due to factor V Leiden mutation suggested to the authors a possible relationship to stroke causation. Although the authors correctly imply that the relationship of various stroke syndromes and factor V Leiden mutation is very much open to question and debate, they conclude that this


Common emergent scenarios - recommended guidelines for timing of ophthalmologic and other specialized evaluation the epidemiology of ocular trauma - a preventable ocular emergency ocular evaluation evaluation of paediatric ocular trauma radiographic and echographic imaging studies timing guidelines for emergent surgery preoperative preparation and anaesthesia injuries of the lid and lacrimal system orbital trauma infection of the lacrimal system, eyelids and orbit ocular and periocular inflammatory syndromes ocular burns non-infectious disorders of the conjunctiva and cornea infectious conjunctivitis and keratitis corneoscleral lacerations and ruptures injuries of the anterior segment.


This paper provides an approximate analytical approach leading to the statistical characterization of the electric active/reactive power related to the harmonics in the real-time monitoring of a power system affected by frequency instability. The effect of additive noise is also included in the analysis. Frequency instability of voltage and current waveforms is modeled as a random variable ranging within a given frequency interval. Propagation of both the uncertainty sources through the whole measurement process based on analogto- digital conversion and discrete Fourier transform is investigated. Power evaluation is performed by proper multiplication of waveforms spectra. In fact, the requirement of real-time monitoring prevents the use of sophisticated algorithms to cope with the frequency change before spectra multiplication. Analytical expressions taking into account the weighting function used against spectral leakage are derived for the bias and the standard deviation of the measured power.


To improve working security of underground gas storages in salt rock,a model for calculating the gas leakage rate at steady state was established;and a method for consequence analysis of thermal radiation from jet fire was presented based on probability equation and consequence evaluation model.The hazard distance estimated by the proposed method was then compared with the area of burn in the observation of the actual accidents.It is found that the estimated hazard distance agrees well with the observed value;and the maximum deviation by the proposed method is less than 20%.Furthermore,the main factors that influence the hazard range associated with jet fire accident from underground gas storages in salt rock were discussed.The results indicate that the hazard distance increases with the increase of operating pressure(or buried-depth) and pipeline diameter when a jet fire accident from the underground gas storages in salt rock happens.The quantitative assessment model will provide reference for quantitative hazard analysis of jet fire caused by gas leakage from underground gas storages in salt rock.


Restrictions to mobility from policy or age-related declines in driving capability limit the lifestyles of elderly people. Maintaining an independent and meaningful lifestyle that is supported by driving requires an array of policy, service, infrastructure, and technical solutions. In-vehicle intelligent transportation systems (ITS) applications are an obvious technical solution. If ITS products are to be beneficial, they must accommodate the capacities of older drivers and the safety needs of all drivers. Older drivers may benefit from the array of ITS technologies being developed if the technologies are designed using human factors principles and practices. In this paper, a brief introduction to in-vehicle ITS technologies precedes a review of the empirical research on the in-vehicle ITS applications that have included older drivers as a user group. Given that many ITS applications are in the early stages of development, issues of design guidelines, standards, and evaluation methods also are discussed.


The timepiece includes first (1) and second (2) rings to which indications (3, 4) are affixed for displaying, in combination with each other, a time-related magnitude (5), which appears in a large aperture (6). The rings (1, 2) have equal dimensions, are arranged one on top of the other and off-centre in relation to each other such that, at the vertical of the large aperture, the outer edge (7) of the first ring (1) substantially borders the inner edge (8) of the second ring (2).


Operation safety of reactor MAVR under nominal and emergency situations is based on creation of conditions for the minimum time of fuel operation in the core at the minimum quantity of the fissionable material. The variants of core elements construction, of the reactor control systems, and the possible scheme of fuel cycles of the reactor MAVR are considered.


Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare congenital abnormality that leads to male disorders of sexual development (DSD) due to the persistence of Müllerian duct derivatives in otherwise normally virilized male patients with a normal karyotype. It is usually diagnosed in the early years of life at the time of surgery for cryptorchidism or repair of an inguinal hernia. Cases of affected adult males have been reported as well. We report a rare case of PMDS in a middle-aged (47-year-old) infertile male who was referred to the endocrine clinic for the evaluation of primary infertility. A high index of suspicion needs to diagnose such conditions as early treatment is necessary to preserve fertility and to reduce the occurrence of neoplastic transformation in remnant Müllerian structures.


Archaeological research in Plock, Radom and Czersk was connected with a project carried out to honour the Millennium of the Polish State. This paper presents the results of the millennial studies as well as recent verification research that allowed to correct the dating of the beginnings of the settlement complexes. It also verified the vision of vast "early urban settlements" adjacent to strongholds that appeared as a result of the millennial studies. Settlement complexes in Plock, Radom and Czersk can be defined as typical mid-level early Piast centres of power that were developing from the early 11th century and were replaced in 14th century by castles and incorporated towns.


Summary form only given. We present the progress in the optimization of laser produced plasma sources, specifically aimed the 4-5 keV X-ray energy range, using Ti and Ta wire and plane targets. Two table-top Chirped Pulse Amplification (CPA) laser systems were used: the INRS CPA laser (Nd:glass second harmonic @532 nm, 400 fs, 400 mJ, high pulse/pedestal contrast ratio, low repetition rate), and the UCSD CPA laser (Ti:sapphire @800 nm, 30 fs, 100 mJ 20 Hz repetition rate). The spectra of the emitted radiation were analyzed by the combination of a curved Si crystal spectrometer and an X-ray CCD camera arrangement. The PX-1 X-ray streak camera of INRS has also been used to follow the time history of multi-keV X-ray emission with subpicosecond temporal resolution. Comparison of the data collected with the two systems (INRS vs. UCSD) suggests the important role of the pre-pulse in achieving the maximum yield in a particular emission wavelength range. The pulse duration of the excitation pulses also has a strong effect in controlling the hot electron production processes in the rapidly expanding solid density plasma. Preliminary experiments on static absorption spectra of iodine at the L-III edge gave important data (photon statistics, signal-to-noise ratio) for designing future time-resolved EXAFS experiments based on laser produced X-ray sources.


We present a patient with biliary peritonitis following a T-tube removal. The patient underwent laparotomy; a rupture of the fistulous tract around the T-tube was found. A Nelaton catheter was inserted through this opening and advanced toward the biliary tree and secured in place by a suture ligature. Postoperative course was uneventful.


Exploring the consumption rule of partially repairable spare parts could improve the scienti city of support for partially repairable spare parts. Choosing the maintenance cost of partially repairable spare part as the constraint condition, forecasting models of partially repairable spares parts consumption are established based on calculating the limited value of the number of maintenance times, applying stochastic process theory and probability theory. At last, an example is taken to illustrate the applicability of these models. These models provide su cient scienti c basis for choosing repairable spare parts application, storage and supply amount reasonably, and have the vital important guiding signi cance.


ABSTRACT In this article, I argue that local disasters are a global concern and that various transnational assemblages emerge during a disaster that support the suffering communities and help in addressing the issues of social justice in post-disaster situations. The transnational assemblages that emerge on social media create innovative practices (via non-western and decolonial ways) of creating communities across the world via crisis communication and distributed work to address social injustices during the disaster.


Scientific developing concept is a theoretical innovation for establishing socia lism with chinese characteristics.Constructing this kind of concept on modern di stance education is a topic for innovation of distance education.Human oriented concept on value,scale,quality,structure and of interest is the comprehcnsive re flection of this developing concept.It's a need of economic development and a we ll-off soeiety to ste up the thought of innovation and development,to improve ed ucation through talents,to extend our characteristcs properly in order to realiz e further development.


As a proactive process emphasizing IT-based process change, IS planning shares several objectives with business process reengineering and total quality management. This article discusses how IS planning can form the platform for an integrated approach to change management, provides steps for achieving the integration, and suggests how IS managers can foster the IS function's supportive role in an integrated effort toward organizational change.


Multi-agent consensus problem in an obstacle-laden environment is addressed in this paper. A novel optimal control approach is proposed for the multi-agent system to reach consensus as well as avoid obstacles with a reasonable control effort. An innovative nonquadratic penalty function is constructed to achieve obstacle avoidance capability from an inverse optimal control perspective. The asymptotic stability and optimality of the consensus algorithm are proven. In addition, the optimal control law of each agent only requires local information from the neighbors to guarantee the proposed behaviors, rather than all agents' information. The consensus and obstacle avoidance are validated through various simulations.


[PROBLEMS] To provide, for example, a process for producing dried food that enables short-time hot-water cooking or hot-water reconstitution, ensuring pleasant palate feeling and that excels in loosenability. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] Dried food is produced by processing a processing subject obtained by forming a preparation of starchy raw material into given shape through a process comprising at least (1) the first step (P1) in which boiling treatment is conducted, (2) the second step (P2) of after the first step (P1), bringing the boiled processing subject into contact with an aqueous solution and (3) the third step (P3) of air drying the processing subject after the second step (P2) in such conditions that the temperature is in the range of 45 to 100°C and the humidity in the range of 5 to below 55%.


IntroductionThrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke is based on clinical assessment, blood tests, and computed tomography (CT) findings. The presence of early CT ischemic changes may help support therapeutic decision. Our aim is to call attention to a likely overlooked "stroke mimic," Gliomatosis Cerebri (GC). Case SeriesClinical and neuroimaging analysis of 3 patients with documented GC, whose acute clinical onset and CT data (lenticular and ribbon sign and a ipsilateral dot sign) were suggestive of ischemic stroke. ConclusionNoncerebrovascular conditions may present with both acute onset and false CT signs of early ischemic stroke. Although rare, GC needs to be considered among the possible "stroke mimics" to avoid inappropriate thrombolytic therapy.


HEIs integrating AHP, SWOT and QSPM in Strategic Planning or strategy formulation, is less likely to overlook or weight inappropriately in deciding which alternative strategies to pursue while considering the key external/internal factors. This paper demonstrates the integration of the qualitative and quantitative techniques, such as SWOT, QSPM, with AHP in crafting the strategy of a business school in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As evidenced the proposed model improves upon by integrating AHP while developing a QSPM. It is believed that this model is more objective and robust in terms of crafting a strategy for the HEIs.


Recently a detailed study was performed with the nitrided and non-nitrided tool steels AISI H13, AISI D2, AISI D6, AISI M2 and K340. Different nitriding processes, including gas, salt bath and also salt bath plus diffusion heat treatment, were performed and compared. The performance of the tool steels was evaluated using bending tests and impact tests. Microstructure characterisation was performed using optical microscopy. The nitriding treatment prompts a reduction in the rupture modulus and absorbed energy in an unnotched impact specimen. Lower mechanical properties were obtained in the gas nitrided samples due to the deeper diffusion layers achieved by these thermochemical processes. The reduction in the white layer thickness by the diffusion treatment in the salt nitrided samples has no effect on the mechanical response of the tested samples. The results show that the impact absorption energy tests have the worst effect in terms of reduction due to the nitriding processes.


The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the clearance and interference-fit on the fatigue life of composite lap joints in double shear, 3D finite element simulations have been performed to obtain stress (or strain) distributions around the hole due to interference fit using FEM package, Non-linear contact analyses are performed to examine the effects of the clearance and interference for titanium and composite lap joint. Fatigue tests were conducted for the titanium and composite lap joints with clearance fit and interference fit with 0.5, 1, and 1.5% nominal interference fit levels at different cyclic loads. The results shows that interference fit increases fatigue life compared to clearance fit specimens, the titanium and composite lap joint with 1% interference fit level has the better fatigue life.


The posterior paravertebral muscles of the lumbar spine are supplied segmentally by the posterior primary rami of the lumbar and sacral nerves. Electromyographic examination of these muscles is used to seek evidence of specific lumbar and sacral nerve root compromise. An anatomic study of the posterior rami and their branches has demonstrated that these nerves are very liable to be damaged during a routine posterior surgical approach to the lumbar spine. In a clinical and electromyographic study of 113 patients, all of whom underwent posterior lumbar spinal surgery, it was shown that some measure of denervation of the paravertebral muscles occurred in 96% of cases. Denervation was shown to persist for many years following surgery, and reservation was only partial. It was concluded that diagnostic electromyography of the paraspinal muscles in a postsurgical patient is of no value.


Foreword David W. Haslam Preface Acknowledgements Glossary 1. Introduction 2. How fat is fat? Measuring and defining overweight and obesity 3. Where should overweight/obese children be managed? 4. How do we approach the overweight/obese child and family? 5. The clinical assessment: what are the special points? 6. What complications should we look for now and later? 7. How does psychology influence management? 8. Management: what do we mean by lifestyle changes? 9. How can we reduce energy intakes? 10. How can we increase energy expenditures? 11. What else can be done? 12. How can we sustain healthy weight management? 13. What can we do to prevent childhood overweight and obesity? References Index.


Due to their large capacity, the convolutional networks are susceptible to prioritize memorization of the training examples over the problem understanding and generalization. This phenomenon is encountered mainly in the difficult problems, where classes are overlapping due to various reasons, including noisy annotations. In this paper we propose to regularize the training process of the convolutional neural networks by the injection of randomized perturbation within controlled amplitude of gradient of the loss function. The method is evaluated on aesthetic evaluation of images. The proposed solution is shown to improve the performance of baselines and to compare favorably with established strong solutions.


The invention discloses an electric lift isolation column used for the isolation control of a motor vehicle in a passage or at a parking place. The electric lift isolation column comprises a column body, a column cover, an electric device, a turbine speed reducer, a control device, a box body and a power supply device. The column cover is fixedly installed under the ground; the box body is arranged outside the column cover and also installed under the ground; the electric device and the turbine speed reducer are installed in the box body; and the control device is used for driving the column body to vertically and linearly move in the column cover via the electric device and the turbine speed reducer. The electric lift isolation column disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the column body can be made of a thick-wall steel pipe and even a solid steel bar so that impact resistance and pressure resistance are excellent; the lift height is fully controllable; and the structure design is rational and the installation is very simple. Compared with other lift isolation devices, the electric lift isolation column has the characteristics of stronger utility function, better firmness and higher security.


One of the main difficulties experienced by the blind people is navigation without collision. It is well known that blind individuals are sensitive to sound. This paper presents a real time scheme in providing vision substitution to visually handicapped people. A prototype system had been constructed. It has a laptop computer, a headgear with a digital video camera and a set of stereo earphones interconnected. The images of the environment are captured by digital video camera. The critically designed image processing software processes the image to locate the object and its boundaries. The image processing software is designed to incorporate some of human vision properties using artificial intelligent techniques. The processed image is mapped onto structured stereo sound patterns, so that the blind can understand the environment around him through the set of stereo earphone. The prototype equipment is used to train blind volunteers with the acoustic patterns. Suggestions from the blind volunteers regarding pleasantness and discrimination of sound patterns were also incorporated in the system. The prototype equipment is tested by blinds for their successful indoor collision free motion and navigation within a building.


In this paper,the oasis cities in Kashgar Prefecture and Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture are taken as an example,through the factor analysis,spatial attraction interaction model and location quotient methods,urban hierarchy system,the intensity of urban economic ties,economic subordination degree,and structure of city functions were analyzed. The results indicated:(1) The urban hierarchy system takes Kashgar city as the main center,Artux city,Yarkant county and Maralbexi county as the sub-centers; (2) The intensity of economic ties among Kashgar city and each county is much higher than others. The interaction of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county are the strongest,and the economic ties of Yarkant,Kagilik,Poskam counties are relatively close; All cities in the study area are economically subordinate to Kashgar city. (3) Three cities of Kashgar city,Shufu county and Shule county should connect strongly,with Kashgar city as the core. The cities and towns along the Southern Xinjiang Railway and along National Road 315 should be regarded as two strips,and the two city strips along the border,and the city strip along Provincial Road 215 should be treated as three axes. The ring structure strategy of 'core ring,closer ring and radiated ring' was proposed. (4) It was proposed to build Kashgar city group in the north,and Yarkant city group in the south,Maralbexi city group in the southeast,and Taxkorgan border city group with four inner groups' development strategy.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the gentle ba se- and acid-catalyzed methylations, in succession, at 40°C or 80°C for qu antification of fatty acids, with special emphasis on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers using the longcapillary gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectro metry (MS).The improved procedure, comprising mild lipid saponification and methylations at 40°C in solutions carefully flushed with stream of argon, sthe most satisfactory method of preparing fatty acids, particularly CLA i somers, for gas chromatography with MS identification. Offered anal ytical tool is the method of choice for analysis of fatty acids in specimens of ruminal origin.


Although small and medium enterprises represent more than 90% of all enterprises and play an important role in employment generation, they lack access to affordable formal finance. Conventionally, market failures and information imperfections are seen as major causes of this misallocation. However, the role of social and political factors in resource allocation, including access to formal finance, has recently become more widely accepted. Firm level evidence from post-communist economies, for example, shows that political connectedness improves access to bank credit, but is not associated with enterprise growth.Graphical Abstract: Small and medium enterprises' use of formal credit remains low


In Hirudo medicinalis an extensive and highly elaborate three dimensional network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternae is found in very close structural relationship to the receptive (microvillar) membrane, as reported for many other invertebrates. A variant of the potassium pyroantimonate technique showed that these submicrovillar endoplasmic reticulum cisternae (SMC) and mitochondria are major intracellular calcium stores. Furthermore, using saponine-skinned photoreceptors for an in situ accumulation experiment, calcium oxalate precipitates in SMC demonstrate that this organelle is able to accumulate Ca2+ from a concentration of 2 x 10(-5) M, when ATP, Mg2+, and oxalate ions are present in the accumulation medium. This result provides direct evidence for the hypothesis that SMC may play a particularly important role in the regulation of intracellular ionized calcium in invertebrate photoreceptor cells. Morphological evidence supports this view.


The multimedia technology plays an important role in fostering innovative talents in education. Teachers should adapt themselves to the new teaching circumstance,optimize the OHP teaching and integrate different media to improve their teaching.


The Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage, a very efficient technique for manipulating a quantum system based on the adiabatic theorem, is analyzed in the case where the manipulated physical system is interacting with a spin bath. The exploitation of the rotating wave approximation allows for the identification of a constant of motion, which simplifies both the analytical and the numerical treatment, which allows for evaluating the total unitary evolution of the system and bath. The efficiency of the population transfer process is investigated in several regimes, including the weak and strong coupling with the environment and the off-resonance. The formation of appropriate Zeno subspaces explains the lowering of the efficiency in the strong damping regime.


SUMMARY After enumerating the main gold-bearing zones of the Baule country, and describing the techniques and tools used for the extraction of gold, J.P. Chauveau analyses the role of gold in the history of the area's settlement. The control of mines and the routes used for transporting gold from the mines, is a major objective in the political and commercial strategy of the groups. Depending on the country, the way of working the deposits varies, leaving much scope for individual initiative ; captives are extensively used and the « recruitment » of servile labour plays an important role in the perpetuation of the system. Within Baule society gold is used for dues demanded by the authorities, in exchange for goods and services, and in the acquisition of dependents ; Baule also exported gold, at least until the beginning of the XlXth century, but this declined because of increased internal demand, not lower production. In the second half of the XlXth century, gold gradually escaped the control of traditional authorities and « nobles » and began to serve as a means of social advancement for the middle class, brokers and merchants.


GaN films were grown on c-plane (0001), a-plane (1120) and r-plane (1102) sapphire substrates by the ECR-assisted MBE method. The films were grown using a two-step growth process, in which a GaN buffer is grown first at relatively low temperatures and the rest of the film is grown at higher temperatures. RHEED studies indicate that this growth method promotes lateral growth and leads to films with smooth surface morphology. The epitaxial relationship to the substrate, the crystalline quality and the surface morphology were im·estigated by RHEED, X-ray diffraction and SEM studies. INTRODUCTION Recently Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Microwave Plasma-assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (ECR-MBE) has emerged as one of the most versatile methods for the growth of GaN and other III-V nitrides[l-5). In this method, films are grown at relatively low temperatures under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. This allows for control of the film stoichiometry[6) and reduction of unwanted impurities[7). Moreover, our group demonstrated that significant improvement in film quality can be attained if film growth takes place in two steps[2,3,5]. In this process, a GaN buffer is grown first at relatively low temperatures and the rest of the film is grown at higher temperatures. Using this method, we ha,·e demonstrated the epitaxial stabilization of single crystalline GaN films in the zincblcnde structure on (001) silicon substrates[2,3). In this paper, we report on a comparative study of GaN films grown on c-plane, a-plane and r-plane sapphire substrates by the ECR-MBE method, using the two-step growth process. EXPERIMENTAL 11ETHODS The ECR-MBE method was used for the growth of GaN films on c-plane, a-plane and r-plane sapphire substrates. The details of the deposition method haYe been published elsewhere[2,3). The substrates were subjected to the following cleaning steps, prior to the growth of the GaN films. They were sequentially cleaned in ultrasonic baths of trichloroethylene, acetone and isopropanol for removal of hydrocarbon residues from the surface, etched in H3 P04 : H2S04 (1:3) for the removal of surface contaminants and mechanical damage due to polishing and finally rinsed in de-ionized water. After these steps the substrates were blown dry with nitrogen, mounted on a molybdenum block and transferred to the introduction chamber of the MBE system. In the preparation chamber, the substrates were heated to 850°C for approximately half an hour and then transferrecl to the growth chamber, where they were su!,jected to bombardment by a nitrogen plasma for approximately half an hour at 700°C. The GaN films were grown in two steps at different temperatures. First, a thin GaN buffer (about 300A) was i;rown at 400°C 500°C and then the rest of the film was grown at 600 800°C. The film growth rate was 2000 3000.{jh and the overall film thickness was 1 211m. Mal. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 242. ' 1992 Materials Research Society


China's cross-border e-commerce will usher in a new golden age of development. Based on seven countries which include the Russian Federation, Mongolia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Belarus along the "Belt and Road", an evaluation system for cross-border e-commerce investment climate indicators is established in this study. This research applied the entropy method twice to evaluate the investment climate of seven countries based on 5 years panel data comprehensively and these countries are then classified into politics-oriented and industry-oriented countries, and then the weight of indicators for each category is analyzed. In addition, cross-border e-commerce investors are proposed to prioritize industry-oriented countries. Back propagation neural network algorithm is used to map the existing data and optimize the evaluation index system in combination with the genetic algorithm. This research denotes the effort to find out the index evaluation combination corresponding to the best overall score, make the established evaluation index system applicable to other countries, and provide reference for cross-border e-commerce investors when evaluating the investment climate in each country. This study provides the important practical implications in the sustainable development of China's cross-border e-commerce environment.


PROBLEM: Giemsa stained cell isolates prepared from chorionic villus samples (CVS) contain granulated cells morphologically similar to large granular lymphocytes.


This paper explores the approach of the Sharing Ancient Wisdoms (SAWS) project to the publication and analysis of the tradition of wisdom literatures in ancient Greek, Arabic, Spanish, and other languages. The SAWS project edits and presents the texts digitally, in a manner that enables linking and comparisons within and between anthologies, their source texts, and the texts that draw upon them (referred to here as 'recipient texts'). It is also creating a framework through which other projects can link their own materials to these texts through the Semantic Web, thus providing a focal point for the development of scholarship on these texts and their related manuscripts. The project is funded by HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area) as part of their programme to investigate cultural dynamics in Europe, and constitutes teams at the Department of Digital Humanities and the Centre for e-Research at King's College London, the Newman Institute Uppsala in Sweden, and the University of Vienna.


We obtain the couplings of noncommutative branes of type II string theories to constant Ramond-Ramond backgrounds, for BPS as well as non-BPS branes, in the background-independent description. For the BPS branes, we also generalize these couplings to other descriptions, and thereby argue their equivalence to the known couplings in the commutative description. The first part is a review of earlier work while the second part contains some additional observations.


This article put forward several suggestions for the design of new type of fire insulation materials, and cited several new types of fire protection materials; advocate the use of fire insulation materials to prevent fires from the material roots.


The direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from merging binary black holes and neutron stars mark the beginning of a new era in gravitational physics, and it brings forth new opportunities to test theories of gravity. The properties of GW propagation are modified in alternative theories of gravity and are crucial observables to test gravity at cosmological distance. From the coincident detection of GW170817/GRB170817A, the propagation speed has already been measured so precisely that a class of gravity theories in which GWs propagate with the speed different from c has been ruled out. On the other hand, another conspicuous feature in modified gravity is the time variation of gravitational constant (G), which affects the amplitude damping of GWs. The constraint on the time variation of G for GWs has obtained from GW170817/GRB170817A but is still too weak. To deal with the current situation of testing gravity with GWs, we proposed a new universal framework for testing gravity with GWs, based on the generalized propagation of a GW in an effective field theory that describes modification of gravity at cosmological scales. Then we performed a parameter estimation study, showing that the future observation of GW can constrain the parameter of the amplitude damping in the generalized models of GW propagation down to a level of 1%. We also studied the time variation of the gravitational couplings in Horndeski theory by performing Monte Carlo-based numerical simulations. From the simulation results, we find that the current accelerating Universe prefers the models with less damping of GWs and that almost all models produced in the numerical simulation can be tested by the future GW observation. In this article, we review GW propagation test of gravity and its implication for cosmology, particularly focusing on our recent works.


When constructing a coverage interval from the probability density function that describes the state of knowledge about a measurand, it seems reasonable to expect that the long-run success rate of that interval will be about equal to the stipulated coverage probability. Through a specific example, the validity of this criterion is examined.


Measurements of optical absorption, dielectric loss, photoconductivity and photolysis have been used to investigate the properties of silver chloride containing gold. The gold enters the silver chloride lattice either substitutionaly or as a separate phase of aurous or auric chloride depending on the method of preparation. The most interesting properties are shown by the aurous chloride phase which is produced by annealing in chlorine or nitrogen at 673o K and quenching to room temperature. The temperature and concentration dependences of the optical absorption of the aurous chloride phase indicate that the energy for the formation of a separate phase of aurous chloride approaches a minimum near 673o K.

The incorporation of gold sensitises silver chloride for colloid formation. The photolysis of silver chloride is determined by measuring the optical absorption during irradiation. In silver chloride containing substitutional Au or auric chloride as a separate phase, the photolysis occurs mainly on the. surface. The incorporation of a separate phase of aurous chloride results in strong volume sensitivity to both blue and red light. The volume sensitivity is explained in terms of the spectral sensitisation of silver chloride by the aurous chloride. At temperatures above 170oK irradiation results in the formation of silver and gold colloid and the conversion of aurous chloride to auric chloride. The thermal development which occurs at 423°K is attributed to the thermal decomposition of the aurous chloride phase.

The properties of the deep hole and electron traps in silver chloride sensitised with europium have been studied by measuring both the photoconductivity and the thermally stimulated conductivity at low temperatures. The slow growth in the photoconductivity which occurs' on blue irradiation at 130o K is shown to be due to the effects of deep hole trapping and the gradual filling of intrinsic electron traps.

Dielectric loss measurements are used to determine the binding energy of cation vacancies to impurity ions and the activation energy for reorientation of cation vacancies about impurity ions in silver chloride and bromide containing chromium and in silver chloride containing europium. These measurements and those of photoconductivity and thermally stimulated conductivity are made on a spectrometer developed for the continuous measurement of complex permittivity.


Knowledge of the location of saddle points is crucial to the study the chemical reactivity. Using a path following method defined in a reduced potential energy surface, and starting at either the reactant or product region, we propose an algorithm that locates the corresponding saddle point. The reduced potential energy surface is defined by the set of molecular geometry parameters, namely bond distances, bond angles, and dihedral angles that undergo the largest change for the reaction under consideration; the rest of the coordinates are forced to have a null gradient. Consequently, the proposed method can be seen as a new formulation of the distinguished coordinate method. The method is based on a quadratic model; consequently, it only requires the calculation of the energy and the gradient. The Hessian matrix is normally updated except in the first step and the steps where the resulting updated Hessian matrix is not adequate. Some examples are presented and analyzed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 387–406, 2001


Because the nature of coal seam is very soft and crushing,the gas drainage borehole often break down or fall down.When using the conventional drilling technology and equipment to construct the soft coal seam,it extremely easily cause the difficult construction or drilling accident for unable to solve the slag discharge problem effectively.But when we use the three-square pipe to construct the soft coal seam,it can greatly improve the depth and hole rate because the pipe can stir the hole bottom cinders continuously depending on the three edge.Then the hole bottom cinders are not easy to accumulate and it is very helpful to discharge the coal cinders.


1. Introduction Creativity is man's best need in all the life's dimensions and a jump in his/her thinking. Creativity includes combination of known ideas. The strength of the human being's brain enables him/her to enjoy the talent for creativity and it is because of the same talent that the scope of knowledge in increasing everyday more than yesterday. Creativity is one of the better specifications of human beings. In the current era, one of the most important goals of the progressive education of the world is educating creative and innovative learners (Saif, 2001). Balzac (2006) has studied the neurology of creativity and has reached the conclusion that creative innovations need simultaneous activity and connection of some parts in the brain that are not ordinarily in a strong contact with one another. Gardner (1982) believes that creativity starts from young ages and in his view, pre-school children have a lot of creative capabilities, but when they start school, they begin learning how read and write and in order to have coordination with others, they learn how to follow and obey. That is why their creativity decreases. Therefore, we have to think of ways that will not decrease the creativity in children.According to the belief of most researchers, the traditional methods of education not only do not help with the growth of creativity, but in fact it is considered to be an obstacle (Berg, 2000). Therefore, one of the main tasks of teachers is to create, as much as possible, a definite and appropriate atmosphere in the classroom and take advantage of active and discovering teaching methods in the classroom and help the students to utilize their creative power.In Torance's (2002) idea, creativity is considered to be a process that is evolved collectively. He believes that all people are creative and it does not necessarily belong to just smart people. Creativity can be increased and/or created in different ways. Torance looks at creativity as an evolution and considers factors such as modelling, motivation, methods of production of education in the formation of creativity to be effective.Creativity means creating ideas that are new and valuable even for the creator of those ideas. In Renzveli's opinion (2002), creativity is a combination of innovation, flexibility and sensitivity from different points of views as such that the individual can think about different and generating results, apart from the results of unreasonable thoughts leading to things such as personal and others' satisfaction.Some of the psychologists emphasize on the outcome of the creator's action. As a result, the outcome of creativity is important which has to have characteristic such as innovation, value and solidarity. Another group of psychologists put an emphasis on the creativity. The individuals consider it as a process of characteristics such as fluidity, flexibility and newness and believe that the creative process has several stages. For example, Wallace has mentioned four stages of preparation, latency, intuition, and stability for creativity.- preparation: In this stage, all the sides of the problem will be taken into consideration and the mentioned problem will be identified and the truths related to it will be collected.- Latency: In this stage, there is some mental processes that connect the new information with the past ones. Some types of new organization of information take place without the individual's direct awareness.- Intuition: in this stage, a pleasant idea appears which is called "the aha phenomenon". At this stage, the creative person will suddenly learn the ideas of the solutions to the problem.- Stability: In this stage, the idea that took place in the previous stage will be evaluated to reveal its credibility or the lack of it (Mirzaeeyan, 2004).Today, the experts consider creativity as a fundamental knowledge for any change and innovation. According to Brolin (1999), the creation of new ideas and the innovative production are some of the cognitive characteristics of people. …


occupational status is a)key.cconponent of identity and self-worth f r Men. But little research -has been done on the influence of wor ing status on women, particularly.during life cycle . ,transitions or riods of crisis. To examine the impact of employment status on the s lf-esteem, psychological well-being an physical health of Women at md-life, 206 employed women and -183 homemakers were-compared on a number of scales of well-being. Results indicated that working women at-mid-life had higher self-esteem and less psychological anxiety than homemakers, Working women also reported better physfcil health." The findings Suggest that work may be a stabilizing force for women during critical transitions, throughout the life.cycle.'(4utbor/JAC)


It is reported on an analysis of vector meson leptoproduction at small Bjorken-$x$ and large photon virtuality within an approach that bases on generalized parton distributions (GPDs). This approach leads to results for cross sections and spin density matrix elements for $\rho$ and $\phi$ leptoproduction in fair agreement with experiment.