The paper is focused on the analysis of the formation of corporate social responsibility (SCR) development in the higher educational institution. Peculiarities of the formation of corporate social model and its essence are investigated in this paper. The social responsibility and its role in the development of the educational institution culture are determined. It is proved that in practice the mechanism of forming corporate social responsibility in higher educational institutions is extremely important. The factors and analyses that summarize the awareness of corporate social responsibility importance, in compliance with the high demand for education, especially in the content of relations with employees, consumers and respect for the environment are described. Effective activities of higher education institutions are highlighted. The consequences of corporate social responsibility introduction into the work of management bodies and subordinate employees of the Academy, as well as in higher educational institutions of Ukraine in general, are investigated. The market of educational services should ensure that the graduates acquire sufficient level of professional qualification; therefore, managers of educational institutions are responsible for the provided educational services, thus they build the foundation for the formation of corporate social responsibility both in their own and the students' work. Moreover, the higher educational institution forms its good reputation, increases competitiveness in the market of educational services. Conditional levels into which corporate and social responsibility is divided are described in this paper, and here it is determined which levels correspond to DonNACEA's and LuhNAU's SCR, what is the life position of educational institutions, what should be paid attention to in order to reach sustainable development. Prospects for the introduction of socially responsible behavior in corporate policy and strategies for sustainable development of higher education institutions are identified. The problems of modification of the corporate social responsibility concept in the context of educational social responsibility are considered in this paper. The main resources of corporate social responsibility of educational institutions and its key factors are described, the directions and types of activities are defined.


We have successfully fabricated an 8.34-inch 1058-ppi 8K x 4K flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. It exhibits the world's highest resolution and pixel density among flexible OLED displays, offering excellent viewing-angle characteristics owing to the arrangement of subpixels in a zigzag pattern.


The purpose of the researcher was to investigate selected variables and a self-management program with adolescents. The independent variables were group participation status, gender, cumulative grade point average, family structure and perception of family. The dependent variables were scores from the following, Youth Behavior Inventory for Student. Youth Behavior Inventory for Parent, Youth Behavior Inventory for Teacher, What Would You Do If? and Self-Concept Inventory. The total sample size consisted of 38. The experimental and control group each contained 19. Five composite null hypotheses were tested. The design employed for each composite null hypothesis was a one-way analysis of covariance. A total of 23 comparisons were made. Of the 23 comparisons, one was statistically significant at the .05 level. The statistically significant comparison was for the independent variable gender and the dependent variable Youth Behavior Inventory for Student. The results of the statistically significant comparison indicated males rate themselves higher than females for dependent variable Youth Behavior Inventory for Student. The results of the present study appeared to support the following generalizations, 1. No association between participant status and effectiveness of a self-management program. 2. Males had a higher change in selected reported behavior (Youth Behavior Inventory for Students). 3. No association between grade point average and effectiveness of a self-management program. 4. No association between family structure and effectiveness of a self-management program. 5. No association between perception of family and effectiveness of a self-management program.


- Health problems in women are increasing globally and obesity being the main one which is higher in females than males. Along with under nutrition, obesity as epidemic is continued as a problem in some countries, including India, as double burden This is not just affecting adults but also children and adolescents. Other risks are Polycystic ovary syndrome, blood Pressure, blood Sugar, Thyroid and others. It has emerged and reached epidemic proportions seen in industrialized countries. These factors affect more on women of reproductive age. Compared with normal-weight women, obese women are prone to develop diseases like PCOS, Diabetes, CVD, Hypertension etc. This paper analyzes health risks of obesity and also prediction of other health risks like PCOS, Diabetes, Hypertension and Thyroid using the data containing health records by exploratory data analysis and machine learning techniques, respectively. We use Random Forest (RF) and Decision Tree (DT) classifiers for analysis of risk factors in women. The performance based on accuracy rate is measured by comparing with the two different classifiers.


The generation of 3D models for freeform buildings is an important task while continuous monitoring of the related spatial information at different time phases. Realistic models of freeform building have to provide high geometric accuracy and detail at an effective data size.(Al-kheder, S. 2008) The efficiency of this image-based technique has been increased considerably by the development of digital technologies. Furthermore, 3D data collection based on laser scanning has become an high quality 3D models for construction site. Therefore, in this research, we have an effort to review construction methods to make freeform envelope of building using 3D scanning technology.


With the emergence of Connected and Smart Cities, the need to predict traffic conditions has led to the development of a large variety of forecasting algorithms. In spite of various research efforts, the choice of models and techniques strongly depends on the use case, the highway infrastructure as well as the provided dataset. This study is launched as part of a project which aims to design an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) dedicated to highway supervisors to regulate traffic. This system needs to be supplied by continuous, real-time forecasting of short-term traffic congestions in order to make decisions accordingly. In this paper, we propose a general framework that, first, performs different data preprocessing techniques to improve data quality, and second, provides real-time multiple horizons predictions. Our framework uses different models combining Machine learning and Deep learning algorithms. Experiments results confirmed the necessity of the data preprocessing step, especially with highly dynamic data and heterogeneous mobility contexts. In addition, our methodology is tested in a real case study and shows very encouraging results.


Touch a touch sensor panel, including the use of ground guards or ground isolation bars are provided in order to improve the touch event detection capabilities of the sensor panel. Ground isolation bars are formed between the connecting traces and adjacent sense lines to the branch lines of the electric field near the ground, it is possible to reduce the capacitive coupling between the connection unwanted traces and the sense lines. Ground guards formed between the drive and sense line, the sense line partially or completely surrounds, to branch the electric field lines near the ground, it is possible to improve the touch event detection capabilities of the sensor.


We are presenting some of the newer criteria of diagnosis of congenital heart disease, as a result of which more precision in diagnosis has become possible. The excellent reviews of atrial septal defect by Roesler1and Bedford, Papp and Parkinson2and the reports of Gross,3Eppinger, Burwell and Gross,4and Touroff and Vesell5on patent ductus arteriosus have placed the clinical diagnosis of these conditions on a sound footing. During the past four years we have studied upward of 80 cases of congenital heart disease both clinically and by angiocardiography. In some cases, operative and postmortem data also were available. Visualization of the cardiac chambers during life after the intravenous injection of 70 per cent diodrast has permitted, in our opinions, a more accurate analysis of the cardiac contours and a clearer understanding of the disturbed cardiac physiology than were available previously. All of our


Layer demodulator estimates a reference symbol on the basis of symbols already known to the channel generating the channel estimation value of the reference symbols and, based on the channel estimation value of the reference symbol by channel estimation for a plurality of information symbols channel of the plurality of information symbols to generate an estimated value, on the basis of channel estimation values of the plurality of information symbols by estimating a plurality of channel services symbols to produce a channel estimation value of the plurality of service symbol. And the channel estimation value of the reference symbol, a plurality of channel estimation values of the information symbol, and then a plurality of service channel estimate value signal based on the channel of the symbol equalization by the channel to remove the equalized signal layer the first layer modulation signal and the 2 generates a hierarchical modulation signal. This does not affect the base layer, while maintaining compatibility with the existing system, it is possible to improve the receiving performance of the enhancement layer. OFDM, a pilot, a demodulation, channel estimation,


Scotland Yard, via Interpol, concerning the late firm's fortunes-I cannot forego the hope that someday an illustrated brochure describing a foolproof way to wealth will arrive via the third class, bulk rate route. After all, I am a college professor, and several studies have shown that medical doctors, retired military officers, and teachers tend to be more asily separated from their investment funds than other investors.


The global parameters of the Pleiades cluster are derived from the comparison of observed and computed frequencies of six multi-periodic δ Scuti stars. The best frequency fits lead to a distance modulus of 5.70 in good agreement with the pre-Hipparcos MS fitting methods.


The extent of violence inflicted against refugee women in the country of origin, during flight and in refugee camps is underestimated and often totally ignored by international relief agencies in camps and by resettlement policy makers and service providers in countries such as Australia. We have applied the framework of cumulative risk to highlight some of the specific and compounding issues that make refugee women more vulnerable to domestic violence. Some universal causative factors in cases of spousal violence, including male power and patriarchal cultures are aggravated by the abuses and disadvantages encountered by both refugee men and women in the country of origin and subsequently when living in refugee camps.


Abstract Introduction The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has forced profound change on all aspects of society, with significant impact on dental education. Dental students like all other dental clinical personnel are considered to be at the highest risk amongst healthcare workers due to the nature of treatment, namely, working in the oral cavity (known reservoir for the virus) and the routine use of aerosol‐generating procedures. The nature of this pandemic has created several challenges to dental clinical education. The aim of this paper is to discuss these challenges and how educators have sought to overcome them. Materials and Methods This paper reviews the evidence base around bio‐aerosol and infection control measures specifically in the context of dental education. Results Using current knowledge of bio‐aerosol and increasing understanding of the virus, dental educators can implement evidence‐based measures to ensure safe teaching within both simulation and clinical environments. Discussion This paper contextualises the current pandemic in a dental education setting by providing a critical appraisal of the challenges posed by SARS‐CoV‐2 and how these challenges may be managed. Conclusion The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has created unique challenges for dental schools worldwide. Dental educators have sought to identify these challenges and find solutions appropriate to the stage of the pandemic specific to their geographical location.


One variation of the Temple facade on a Bar-Kokhba coin shows a curving line beneath the crownwork of the facade. What does this line represent?


Meat yield is important for beef industry for maximum profits. Enhancing muscle growth by promoting hypertrophy of muscle fiber is required for increasing meat yield. Growth hormone (GH)-insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis and metabolic hormones have a central role for regulating hypertrophy of muscle fiber. We investigated age-related changes in GH-IGF1 axis-regulating factors and metabolic hormones in beef cattle. Ten Korean cattle steers were used. The longissimus thoracis (LT) samples were biopsied between the 11th and 12th rib at 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Steers were slaughtered at 34 month of age and the LT samples were collected. The LT samples were used for histological observation of muscle fiber size and detection of mRNA levels by real-time PCR analysis. Blood was collected at 12, 18, 24, and 34 months of age and used for hormone analyses. The mean muscle fiber size increased (P < 0.01) from 12 to 24 months, and remained unchanged at 34 months. Plasma GH concentrations were unchanged with age, whereas circulating IGF-1 concentrations decreased (P < 0.001) with age. Testosterone and insulin concentrations increased from 12 to 24 months and remained unchanged at 34 months. Leptin concentrations were unchanged from 12 to 24 months and increased at 34 months. The mRNA levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a/b (STAT5a/b) decreased (P < 0.01) from 12 to 24 months, whereas mRNA levels of IGF-1 gene increased (P < 0.001) with age. Results indicate that the increased muscle fiber size in LT from 12 to 24 months are characterized with increasing concentrations of circulating testosterone and insulin. Age-dependent changes in muscle fiber hypertrophy were also related with changes in GHR, STAT5a/b, IGF-1 mRNA levels in the LT.


s: This study applied Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models in modelling Nigeria inflation rate. The time plot of the original series showed the present of seasonality and logarithm transformation of return series make it stationary. The return was estimated using both the conditional mean and conditional variance. The study applied both symmetric and asymmetric (GARCH) model that capture the feature of a financial series, such as volatility clustering and leverage effect in modelling the return series of inflation. However, four models were estimated for the conditional mean and seven models were estimated for the conditional variance and asymmetric power autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (APARCH (1,1)) was adopted as the best model for the return series and for the conditional mean follow an ARMA (1,1). Finally, the most adequate model for estimating volatility of the inflation rates is the asymmetric APARCH (1.1) model.


The high quality, high purity and large size Lanthanum hexaborides (LaB 6 ) single crystals have been successfully grown by optical floating zone method. The optimum crystal growth parameters are listed as follow: sample rotation rate is 30 r/min and the growth rate is 8—10 mm/h. The largest thermionic emission current density of (100) crystal surface is 44.36 A/cm 2 at 1873 K. The work function at absolute zero is calculated to be 1.99 eV by Richardson line method, and the average value of effective work functions at different temperatures are calculated to be 2.59 eV. The field emission characteristic of single crystal LaB 6 field emitting single tip show that the maximum field emission current density is 4.9×10 6 Acm -2 and the field enhancement factor is calculated to be 41500 cm -1 , indicating excellent field emission performance. Thus, the single crystal is a promising cathode material for practical applications regarding to its excellent thermionic emission or field emission properties.


This paper proposes a modified non-linear space vector modulated direct torque control (SVM-DTC) for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) utilizing Lyapunov function-based methods. Feedback linearization and non-linear sliding mode control schemes have been widely utilized in PMSM control systems. However, the feedback linearization control rely on precise plant parameters and sometimes cancel some important nonlinearities, which may lead to instability of the system. Also, the non-linear sliding mode control has disadvantages of chattering (torque-ripple) phenomenon and torque fluctuations for load and parameter variations. In this work, a modified nonlinear SVM-DTC for PMSMs is proposed that has the advantages of reducing the chattering phenomenon and ensuring the stability of the system. The mathematical model of the proposed modified controller and its theoretical stability analysis are developed based on a Lyapunov function-type approach considering the complete machine dynamics. Simulations are carried out on a PMSM and its stability performance is analyzed against a broad spectrum of load and parameter variations.


The model of osteomyelitis was created in dogs by the method of Ilizarov, Stetsula and Kramer; as a result, a typical picture of the disease was obtained. The maximum survival time of the animals was 1 year. The inoculation of the infective agent into the osteotomy zone at an early period (1 hour after the operation) resulted in the complete suppression of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes and in the rapid rise of the lysozyme level. The staphylococcal strain causing the disease could be detected in the blood during 19 weeks, and in discharges from wounds and fistulas during 14 weeks of observation. The failure of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes at the initial stage resulted seemingly in the appearance and further development of the infectious process. The humoral nonspecific immunity factors under the study (complement and lysozyme) seemed to play no essential role at the initial stage. In the course of traumatic osteomyelitis at a later stage the specific factor, staphylococcal antitoxin, acquired the primary importance.


This chapter covers the history of aortic surgery in South and
Eastern Europe (Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, and
Serbia). The available data presents the Czech Republic as a
regional leader in the field of innovative aortic procedures
among the SEE countries.


An inverse transversal of a regular semigroup $S$ is an inverse subsemigroup of $S$ that contains a unique inverse $x^\circ$ of every element $x$ of $S$. Here we consider the congruences on such a semigroup, considered as an algebra of type (2, 1). The structure of such semigroups being known, with 'building bricks' the inverse subsemigroup $S^\circ$ and the sub-bands $I = \{xx^\circ; x\in S\},\Lambda = \{x^\circ x; x\in S\}$, we investigate how congruences on $S$ are related to congruences on these building bricks.


The explanation of the peculiar shape and motion of the laser-induced air spark given by Ramsden and Savic (1964) implies that at the end of the laser pulse heated air fills a spherical sector bounded by the focused laser beam. This air volume expands and forms a blast wave with perturbed spherical symmetry. In this paper, the motion of this wave is considered theoretically and the results are compared with recent interferometric measurements by Alcock, Panarella, and Ramsden (1965).


That recovery may rapidly follow a severe acute hemorrhage is well known. Even repeated severe hemorrhages may cause no permanent deviation from health, if the intervals between hemorrhages be sufficiently long to permit regeneration of blood to take place. The body may also stand repeated small losses of blood at shorter, even daily, intervals, with little or no perceptible change in the blood or in the performance of function on the part of any organ. Repeated hemorrhages from the nose, from hemorrhoids, from uterine fibroids may thus be endured for months or for years, the tolerance of the individual to the loss of blood and his power of blood regeneration being sufficient to withstand and make up for the daily drain. But in other instances, the daily loss of small amounts of blood produces the most severe and even fatal forms of anemia. It is my purpose in this brief


This paper evaluates the effect that subsidies to employment maintenance have on the probability of mature age workers staying in the firm. Implementing a quasi-experimental design provided by changes in Spanish labour market regulations, we are able to estimate that subsidy removal had a small though significant impact on the workers' firm attachment rate. Our results show that a 1 pp increase in the worker's cost translates into a 0.11 pp increase in the cumulative probability of the worker separating from the firm in the next five months. This effect was mainly driven by workers with relatively less seniority in the firm, who present lower dismissal costs, and by workers in low-skill jobs, for which the wageproductivity gap seems to negatively evolve with age. In terms of cost-benefit analysis, we document that the previous higher rate of job maintenance was achieved at a disproportionate cost, and therefore the elimination of the subsidy resulted in Social Security efficiency gains.


In the low-temperature environment, temperature reduction affects the properties and actuation performance of the piezoelectric stack. To solve this problem, a practical and effective heating and insulation structure, based on the working characteristics of the piezoelectric stack, is proposed in this article. Thermal conductivity models of the piezoelectric stack under two heating modes—whole heating and local heating—are developed and validated by finite element simulation analysis. The heating and insulation structure has been built according to the theoretical model, and the experimental test is conducted to measure the temperature and property variation of the piezoelectric stack, as well as its actuation performance with ambient temperature drop. The experimental results show that the theoretical and simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, as the maximum temperature difference between them is 4.3°C, which indicates the correctness and accuracy of the theoretical and finite element models. Besides, the properties and the actuation performance are almost unchanged within the range from 10°C to −70°C, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the heating and insulation structure. Consequently, this structure can be redesigned according to the principles proposed in this article, and widely used in protecting piezoelectric stacks of different sizes and low-temperature environments; the application range of the piezoelectric stack can also be extended to lower temperatures.


There are three main interferences in the FM signal trans-mission process-Multipath effect, Doppler effect, and White noise. These interferences have significant influences on speech. We proposed a method that uses a masking or mapping approach for single-channel speech enhancement in wireless communication. Since the method improves speech equality by focusing on three interferences simultaneously, it is simpler in comparison to conventional methods. Experiments are conducted on the dataset, which is simulated by ourselves. Because the PESQ and STOI need reference targets, it is hard to evaluate the performance using real-world data. So we only give the spectral comparison of the real data enhancement results. Simulation results show excellent speech enhancement performance on the unprocessed mixture and significantly improve speech quality on the actual collected data. It verifies the feasibility of deep learning on this kind of task. Future studies will be made to improve the real-time performance and compress the number of network parameters.


In this paper we present a Blumlein based pulse generator designed to be tunable in both center frequency and bandwidth. The pulser is designed around a parallel plate Blumlein configuration with a moveable center conductor. The pulse width is determined by moving the center conductor in and out of the Blumlein region, and the bandwidth is set by offsetting the center conductor towards one or the other of the outer electrodes. The output is designed to drive a test volume with cross sectional area on the order of 1 cm/sup 2/. The final system will be capable of producing fields on the order of 30 kV/cm and will be useful for testing the interaction of high field, pulsed electromagnetic energy with small-scale electrical and biological systems. A low voltage experimental arrangement will be presented in this paper.


Residual dispersion is a key factor affecting the stability of fiber optic frequency transfer system. For long-distance stable frequency transfer, dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) is used to compensate for the dispersion of the fiber link. We simulate a frequency transmission system with different dispersion compensation over a transmission distance of 500 km. The results show a significant increase in frequency stability with decreasing residual dispersion. Compared to dispersion-free compensation, the stability can be improved by two orders of magnitude when dispersion compensation reaches 100%.


Occupational differences in greater risk of injury, illness, or death have been recognized as important factors contributing to health disparities. As a consequence, Healthy People 2020 has included "Occupational Safety and Health" as one of the topics to focus on in the fight against health disparities. Specifically in Louisiana, reducing work-related deaths and injuries in the construction and transportation field would have an important impact in reducing occupational health disparities. Research suggests that implementing safety and training courses in construction companies and higher seatbelt usage during transportation would have an effect on decreasing work-related injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. This essay serves to utilize Healthy People 2020's outreach of occupational safety and health in order to educate others on the prevalence of disparity that Louisiana construction and transportation workers endure on a daily basis and also to exemplify possible measures that can be taken to decrease this disparity. Key Terms: • Disparities • Transportation • Louisiana • Construction • Occupational Safety and Health 1 Nguyen: Occupational Safety and Health: The First Step Towards Reducing D Published by XULA Digital Commons, 2011


Warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies reduce the production temperature of hot mix asphalt allowing for mixing and paving at lower temperatures. As a result, the use of WMAs reduces emissions and allows for longer transport times. Because of the recent increase of chemical warm mix additives in industry, the effect of a chemical warm mix additive (cWMA) on the intrinsic self-healing ability of the bitumen was investigated. Bitumen specimens containing three concentrations of cWMA were evaluated at four aging levels (unaged, rolling thin film oven [RTFO]-163°C, RTFO-130°C, and RTFO+ pressure aging vessel [PAV] aged) using the simplified–linear amplitude sweep healing (SLASH) (linear amplitude sweep with a single rest period fatigue-healing) test. Results indicate that oxidative aging of bitumen is reduced with increasing cWMA concentration but may be more heavily influenced by the aging temperature. It was also observed that RTFO+PAV-aged bitumen samples demonstrate greater fatigue restoration ability compared to RTFO and unaged binders. Supplementary work using video-based analysis of dynamic shear rheometer samples revealed that issues may arise from the calibration of the cohesive failure damage level as described in the original LASH procedure because of significant changes in sample geometry observed during the amplitude sweeps for unaged and RTFO-aged material. These results demonstrate that LAS-based healing tests warrant further research to optimize loading and rest period parameters for a wider range of bituminous materials.


Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the resolution of metoprolol enantiomer using chiral mobile phase additives.Method:Agilent Eclipse XDB-C_8 column(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)and water-methanol-ace- tonitrile(38:24:38,containing 80.0mmol·L~(-1) hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin,0.2% phosphoric acid,pH 2.0) as the mobile phase with flow rate of 0.8mL·min~(-1),detection wavelength at 275 nm.Results:To establish the method for the resolution of metoprolol enantiomers using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HP-α-CD)as chiral mobile phase additives.Conclusion:The method is simple,economic and the resolution is fine.


Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of intravenous thrombolysis on TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) under the guidance of multimodal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and the clinical application of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods:
 Patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent intravenous thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology from December 2017 to December 2018 were selected. Through CT (computed tomography) screening, 146 patients that met the diagnostic criteria were eventually included. Patients were randomly
 divided into group A (72 patients) and group B (74 patients). Patients in group A received antiplatelet therapy within 24 h after intravenous thrombolytic therapy for 10 days. The platelet therapy was discontinued when symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) occurred or NIHSS score was
 ≥4. In group B, after intravenous thrombolysis and antiplatelet therapy, multimodal MRI was used to detect the presence of hemorrhage and other conditions to determine whether to continue the antiplatelet therapy. The NIHSS scores before and after thrombolysis and the 90-day mRS scores
 after thrombolysis were collected for statistical analysis. Results: The experimental results of each group of patients showed that there was a signif- icant difference in NIHSS scores at admission and 6 h after thrombolysis (P < 0.05). The 30-day mRS score, 90-day mRS score,
 and prognosis were statistically significant in both groups. The differences in NIHSS scores at 6 h, 24 h, 7 d, and 14 d after thrombolysis and at admission were 1, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.8, which were statistically significant. A comparison of the prognosis of the two groups of patients with hemorrhage
 24 h after thrombolysis revealed that the hemorrhage of each patient was improved. Conclusion: In the treatment of ischemic stroke diseases, the utilization of multimodal MRI in clinical intravenous thrombolytic therapy was valuable, which was very sensitive to the detection and display
 of blood focus. Also, in the selection of treatment methods for clinical thrombolysis in stroke patients, the targeted treatment could be better individualized for each patient.


Quality assurance has been a vexed and troubled journey for private providers in South Africa in a complex and burdensome educational environment. It is well recognised that private providers are significant role-players in the provision of education and training in South Africa and the stated intention is to create a more enabling regulatory framework The focus of this thesis is on the private providers at the post-school level. The quality assurance regime was examined and contextualised to analyse what is required, and to determine how the private provider is impacted by the regulatory requirements for the establishment and operation of a private tuition provider in South Africa. The experience of private providers, CEOs of professional bodies, ETQA managers and ETD practitioners was investigated using a mixed methods research approach. The conclusion is a call for a far more streamlined system with a centralised oversight body, greater stakeholder consultation, less political interference and a deeper appreciation for the contribution that private providers make to the education of learners in South Africa.


Balinese has two forms in relation to nasal prefixes. First, the initial segment of the verb root can be assimilated with the homorganic nasal and both coalesce. Second, the nasal prefix still assimilates with the first segment of the verb root but forms a CC cluster. The data source of this study is Balinese dictionaries and analyzed by Optimality Theoretic (OT) so it was found that the affix nasal did not form a cluster with the first segment of the verb root uniformly occurred in verbs where the first segment is obstruent both voiced and voiceless while the one forming the cluster is the first segment of a verb root which is realized by a sonorant. The first phenomenon can be handled by the constraint * NC (obs) while the second one by violates linearity constraint, namely, Align-L (root) constraint. OT analysis also predicts that the ungrammaticality of an output verb structure ngmaang 'to give' due to fact that the correct underlying form baang is confused with its corresponding surface form.


Russian spiritualism movement of the 19th – early 20th century remains an understudied area of current scientific research. Its philosophical and theological aspects deserve more attention due to its marginal role on the epistemological borders between science and religion. The article aims to reveal the Russian spiritualists' vision of the relationship between God and nature and for the first time overviews and analyses debates in Russian spiritualism about the problems of the philosophy of religion. The article considers spiritualists' insight in the essence of "miracle" and "law", interpretation of evolution as a teleological process; evaluation of different Divine Attributes and their role in theological criticism, and also spiritualists' solution to the Problem of Evil and Suffering. The natural theology of modern spiritualism constitutes part of the general intellectual movement aimed to bring into harmony both scientific and religious worldviews in the second half of the 19th century. Works of both foreign and Russian spiritualists demonstrate that the sacralization of laws and "naturalization" of miracles were used by spiritualists to preserve the religious worldview at the time when monism and evolutionism established itself as the central ontological and main historical programmes in natural science. Still, the detailed analysis of philosophical aspects of Russian spiritualism challenges its widely-known characteristic as "synthesis" of science and religion and its simplistic characterization as being pantheistic in its nature. The article for the first time puts emphasis on the theistic current in Russian spiritualism and also highlights the key theme of its interaction with Russian philosophical thought – the survival of human personality. It encourages discussions on the role of engagement between spiritualistic movement and Russian religious philosophy at the turn of the 19th сentury.


Background-The somatosensory evoked blinkresponse(SBR)isa characteristic reflex blinkelicited byelectrical stimulationof peripheral nervesor other anatomical sites. Methods-139patients withneurological disorders wereexaminedforpresence of theSBR.Although theSBR wasnotusually elicitable, itwaspresent inasubset of patients withParkinson's diseaseand withhemifacial spasm.Itwasalsopresent in a patient withGuillain-Barre' syndromebeforetherecoveryphase.The latency oftheEMG activities responsible fortheSBRwassignificantly shorter than thatofthestartle blink. Conclusions-The SBR isnotavariant of thestartle blink, butisarelease phenomenontransmitted viathebrainstem reticularformation. Thisresponsemay be clinically relevant indisorders associated withbrainstemlesions and abnormal blinking. (7Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;60:539-543)


Abstract Liquid foam exhibits surprisingly high viscosity, higher than each of its phases. This dissipation enhancement has been rationalized by invoking either a geometrical confinement of the shear in the liquid phase, or the influence of the interface viscosity. However, a precise localization of the dissipation, and its mechanism, at the bubble scale is still lacking. With this aim, we simultaneously monitored the evolution of the local flow velocity, film thickness and surface tension of a five-film assembly, induced by different controlled deformations. These measurements allow us to build local constitutive relations for this foam elementary building block. We first show that, for our millimetric foam films, the main part of the film has a purely elastic, reversible behaviour, thus ruling out the interface viscosity in explaining the observed dissipation. We then highlight a generic frustration at the menisci, controlling the interface transfer between neighbour films and resulting in the localization of a bulk shear flow close to the menisci. A model accounting for surfactant transport in these small sheared regions is developed. It is in good agreement with the experiment, and demonstrates that most of the dissipation is localized in these domains. The length of these sheared regions, determined by the physico-chemical properties of the solution, sets a transition between a large bubble regime, in which the films are mainly stretched and compressed, and a small bubble regime, in which they are sheared. Finally, we discuss the parameter range where a model of foam viscosity could be built on the basis of these local results.


A fundamental question for those studying the relationship between sport and tourism is: 'what is sports tourism?'. This question is important because it sets out the parameters of what is to be researched and – significantly for a sub-field such as sports tourism – can help to establish sports tourism as a legitimate field of study in its own right, rather than something that need only be examined as a tourism market niche or a subset of sport management. Most approaches to sports tourism, like most approaches to sport and to tourism, tend to define sports tourism as an activity, with the general thrust of definitions being that sports tourism is 'sport away from home' (cf. Gibson, 1998; Standeven & De Knop, 1999). However, other approaches exist. Tourism, for example, has also been defined as an industry or economic sector (cf. Hay, 1989), with Ryan (1991, p. 5) suggesting that tourism comprises 'the demand for and supply of accommodation and supportive services for those staying away from home, and the resultant patterns of expenditure, income creation and employment'. In relation to sports tourism, the 'unit of analysis' has tended to be the trip, with the focus tending to fall on whether tourism activities or sport activities are the most important part (or primary purpose) of the trip (cf. Robinson & Gammon, 2004). This approach perhaps derives from activity-based definitions of sport, of tourism and of sports tourism. An alternative approach is to consider sports tourism as an experience. Using such an approach does not measure the importance of sports tourism participation or behaviours by their status as a primary, secondary or tertiary purpose of the trip, and thus allows for significant sports tourism experiences within a trip that may have some or many other purposes. Focusing on sports tourism as an experience also addresses the concern expressed by various authors (e.g. Gibson, 2004; Downward, 2005; Weed, 2006) that there should be a greater focus on understanding rather than describing sports tourism behaviours. Of course, a question that might arise in considering sports tourism experiences is: 'what is being experienced?'. Here, Weed & Bull's (2004) conceptualisation of sports tourism as arising from the interaction of activity, people and place might be useful. Weed (2005) suggested that any or all of these three elements might be the key part of the experience (and that they would each merit being researched in their own right), but that some interaction between them is what makes the sports Journal of Sport & Tourism Vol. 13, No. 1, February 2008, pp. 1–4


Various computational models of visual attention rely on the extraction of salient points or proto-objects, i.e., discrete units of attention, computed from bottom-up image features. In recent years, different solutions integrating top-down mechanisms were implemented, as research has shown that although eye movements initially are solely influenced by bottom-up information, after some time goal driven (highlevel) processes dominate the guidance of visual attention towards regions of interest (Hwang, Higgins & Pomplun, 2009). However, even these improved modeling approaches are unlikely to generalize to a broader range of application contexts, because basic principles of visual attention, such as cognitive control, learning and expertise, have thus far not sufficiently been taken into account (Tatler, Hayhoe, Land & Ballard, 2011). In some recent work, the authors showed the functional role and representational nature of long-term memory structures for human perceptual skills and motor control. Based on these findings, the chapter extends a widely applied saliency-based model of visual attention (Walther & Koch, 2006) in two ways: first, it computes the saliency map using the cognitive visual attention approach (CVA) that shows a correspondence between regions of high saliency values and regions of visual interest indicated by participants' eye movements (Oyekoya & Stentiford, 2004). Second, it adds an expertise-based component (Schack, 2012) to represent the influence of the quality of mental representation structures in long-term memory (LTM) and the roles of learning on the visual perception of objects, events, and motor actions.


Mossbauer resonance experiments have been carried out over a wide temperature range on frozen aqueous solutions of ferrous chloride and ferrous sulfate. Well‐resolved spectra were obtained which show the two‐line absorption pattern characteristic of a nuclear quadrupolehyperfineinteraction in 57Fe. Measurements of quadrupole splitting, resonance linewidths, and anisotropic intensities were made as a function of temperature and for samples with different temperature histories. Upon quenching from the liquid state to −196°C, hexaquo ferrous ions are trapped in the ice lattice and induce the formation of cubic ice, rather than the stable hexagonal form. Warming of the quenched sample to −80°C causes a nonreversible transformation to hexagonal ice and associated pronounced changes in the Mossbauer spectrum. Analysis of the experimental data, and comparison with results obtained for the crystal FeSiF6·6H2O which contains hexaquo ferrous ions, has permitted a detailed description of the symmetry properties of ferrous ion in ice. In hexagonal ice, the ferrous ion is located at the center of an axially ``squashed'' octahedron of water molecules, the ground state wavefunction being the orbital singlet | xy 〉. The temperature dependence of the quadrupole splitting in hexagonal ice is consistent with a crystal‐field axial splitting δ∼700 cm−1. In cubic ice, the symmetry contains a rhombohedral field component which can be fitted with splitting parameters Δ1∼450 cm−1 and Δ2∼950 cm−1. A model is suggested for the structure of ferrous ion in cubic and hexagonal ice. The model satisfies the necessary symmetry requirements and is consistent with the observed anisotropic Mossbauer intensities in hexagonal ice and isotropic intensities in cubic ice. Several interesting phase changes in the ice—salt systems have been observed. In ferrous chloride frozen solutions, the sharp disappearance of the Mossbauer effect above −40°C is associated with eutectic formation. Also, by careful temperature treatment, the hydrate FeCl2·6H2O has been produced (it is unstable above −10°C) and its Mossbauer spectrum in ice was obtained. In the ferrous sulfate experiments, complex precipitation phenomena were observed and are not well understood.


Introduce the functions and features of Multisim10 simulation software,and analysis of the differential amplifier circuit zero drift phenomenon described Multisim modular courses in analog electronics technology teaching.The practice shows,the Multisim simulation is able to overcome the deficiencies of the traditional teaching and to enhance the quality of analog electron ic technology courses teaching.


Esterases and lipases are hydrolytic enzymes with a characteristic a/b-hydrolase fold and a catalytic Ser/His/Asp triad at the active site. Both enzyme classes make or break ester bonds, but whereas esterases act on water-soluble substrates, lipases hydrolyze ester bonds of hydrophobic lipids at the water/lipid interface. These enzymes have fundamental importance in metabolic and regulative processes, and have been considered as attractive targets for, for example, anti-inflammatory or anti-obesity drugs. Besides their central role in metabolism, lipases and esterases are also very important in industrial applications, and have been widely used in organic synthesis. There is substantial interest in the specific identification and monitoring of esterases or lipases in biological samples, and the first approaches towards activity-based proteomics of these enzymes have been introduced. Most successful was the development of alkylphosphonic acid esters that react irreversibly with the nucleophilic serine in the active site of lipases and esterases. If such reagents are equipped with fluorescent reporter tags, the irreversible binding to the serin of the catalytic triad offers the opportunity for specific labeling. 8] Some specificity was reached by variation in the polarity of the alkylphosphonic acid esters, but the selectivity was rather poor. Fluorescently labeled p-nitrophenol esters of alkylphosphonates with two selector groups of different polarity and stereochemistry were more suitable to discriminate lipolytic and esterolytic activities, and a versatile library of alkylphosphonic acid esters is available for the investigation of lipolytic enzymes. Here we follow a general novel approach for esterase labeling by exploiting nature's inventory for the in situ generation of protein reactive groups, thereby applying current concepts of activity-based protein profiling towards the ester hydrolytic enzymes. The introduced probe design is inspired by the natural product caulerpenyne (1), a compound that mediates rapid wound closure in the siphonous green alga Caulerpa taxifolia. This alga consists of one giant cell that can reach several meters in length. It therefore needs to seal wounds within seconds to avoid leakage of the cytoplasm and cell death. Wound-sealing polymer formation is initiated by transformation of the 1,4bis-enol acetate structural unit of 1 by alga esterases into the reactive conjugated 1,4-bis-aldehyde oxytoxin 2 (2), which directly undergoes covalent reaction with proteins to form adducts or polymers (Scheme 1). We reasoned that this esterase-mediated release of a highly protein-reactive metabolite


This work implements a 3mW 6b 4GS/s subranging ADC in 28nm CMOS. With the proposed adaptive offset-adjustable comparators (OACs), the subranging architecture is free of both conventional reference-voltage switching to increase speed and the resistor ladder to save power. A proposed calibration technique mitigates the intrinsic offset of the OACs and improves the linearity of the fine ADC in different subrange regions. At 3.6GS/s, the ADC has the best Walden FOM of 22.7fJ/conv-step compared with prior state-of-the-art ADCs.


ABSTRACT Omeprazole selective molecularly imprinted polymer was synthesized by polymerization using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a monomer, N-vinylcaprolactam as a thermo-sensitive polymer, and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker, respectively. This study aimed to develop a novel polymer as a nanoadsorbent for the extraction of omeprazole in biological and pharmaceutical samples. To achieve maximum extraction recovery of the drug, the Nd:YAG pulsed laser irradiation was used to convert adsorbent particles into smaller sizes using water solvent at different irradiation times. Properties of prepared thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer were characterized by different analyses. The optimal extraction conditions were thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer dosage of 0.01 g, a cross-linking agent of 0.15 g, contact time of 15 min, eluent of methanol, the temperature of 25°C, initial drug concentration of 20 mg L−1, and solution pH of 4. The sorption isotherms and selective recognition of thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer were investigated in detail. Sorption results fitted well into the linearized Langmuir equation. The selectivity experiment has shown that the sorption capacity and selectivity of thermo-sensitive molecularly imprinted polymer to omeprazole were higher than those of bicalutamide and prednisolone. A high-performance liquid chromatography-ultra-violet detector method was validated and utilized for analysis of drug extracted from biological and pharmaceutical samples. The method was linear in the range of 0.5–80 mg L−1 with a relative standard deviation value of 0.094 and a limit of detection and a limit of quantification of 0.9 and 30 µg L−1, respectively. The recovery of omeprazole drug ranged from 94.3%, 99.2%, and 98.1%, respectively, in human plasma, human urine, and pharmaceutical samples.


In [1] Beziau developed the paraconsistent logic Z, which is definitionally equivalent to the modal logic S5 (cf. Remark 2.3), and gave an axiomatization of the logic Z: the system HZ. In the present paper, we prove that some axioms of HZ are not independent and then propose another axiomatization of Z. We also discuss a new perspective on the relation between S5 and classical propositional logic (CPL) with the help of the new axiomatization of Z. Then we conclude the paper by making a remark on the paraconsistency of HZ.


Frozen squid is susceptible to both lipid oxidation and yellow/brown discoloration during frozen storage. The involvement of lipid oxidation in the microsomal fraction of squid muscle on oxidative rancidity and discoloration was investigated using iron and either enzymatic or non-enzymatic redox cycling pathways. Lipid oxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and color changes were measured spectrophotometrically using an integrating sphere. The lipid oxidation was not observed in the squid microsomes in the presence of Fe3+ and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt (NADH) or β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced (NADPH), suggesting that the enzymatic redox cycling pathway was not active. Iron-promoted TBARS formation was observed in the non-enzymatic pathway when ascorbic acid was used as a reducing compound. Non-enzymatic lipid oxidation increased with increasing temperature (4 °C to 37 °C), iron (0 to 100 μM), and ascorbic acid (0 to 200 μM) concentrations. As lipid oxidation in the microsomes or isolated microsomal lipids increased, color changes were observed as could be seen by an increase in b* values (yellowness) and a decrease in a* (redness) values. The ability of iron and ascorbate to promote both lipid oxidation and pigment formation in the microsomal fraction suggests that this pathway could be responsible for quality deterioration of squid muscle during storage.


Warehouses and distribution centers are essential components in supply chain and their management has a particular importance. In the traditional approach for collecting the items of orders in warehouses, operators walk or drive toward the shelves and collect the ordered items. However, since 2006 a new system has been deployed in some large distributing warehouses like Amazon Inc., in which shelves are mounted on mobile platforms and are carried by small mobile robots toward operators who pick the ordered items. Advantages of this system compared to traditional system are increased flexibility, accuracy, and speed of preparing the received orders. On the other hand, the mathematical model of this system –which we call it 'Automatic Reverse Warehousing System (ARWS)'– is introduces as a trade solution, and no research papers have been published about it. In this paper, this system will be studied from the viewpoint of industrial engineering. Then, its components and their relationship with each other and their two major subproblems, namely, allocation and routing will be identified, and their interrelations will be investigated. The model is solved for minimizing the overall cost and finding the best paths of shelves through a Genetic Algorithm and maximum flow approach.


The utility model provides a novel hub oil seal characterized by comprising a primary framework, a secondary framework, a spring and a sealing lip structure, wherein the primary framework and the secondary framework are assembled into a whole by spinning; the spring is mounted at a groove on the inner side of the sealing lip structure; and the sealing lip structure is vulcanization-molded on the primary framework. The utility model has the advantage of compact structure; the structure of the exposed frameworks and the novel sealing lip structure can achieve good effects of heat dissipation and sealing; and the sealing lip structure is supported by both the primary framework and the spring, the inner ring of a bearing can be detached along with the secondary framework when the hub is detached, thus preventing the sealing lip from being scratched by the inner ring and making the assembly and disassembly more convenient.


Epinephrine is a "friend of the doctor" because it is a life-saving drug used in the rescue of patients at difficult times when other things do not help. It is widely used in paediatric emergency and paediatric intensive care units. This  short  commentary  on  pharmacology  provides  a  clinical  update  about  the use of epinephrine in paediatric clinical practice. The first part  of  this  article  briefly  reviews  the  clinical pharmacology and the second part describes the clinical indications and adverse effects of epinephrine.


There is an increasing interest in targeting the MDM2 oncogene for cancer therapy. SP-141, a novel designed small molecule MDM2 inhibitor, exerts excellent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. To facilitate the preclinical development of this candidate anticancer agent, we have developed an HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of SP-141. The method was validated to be precise, accurate, and specific, with a linear range of 16.2-32,400 ng/mL in plasma, 16.2-6480 ng/mL in homogenates of brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, muscle and tumor, and 32.4-6480 ng/mL in spleen homogenates. The lower limit of quantification was 16.2 ng/mL in plasma and all the tissue homogenates, except for spleen homogenates, where it was 32.4 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-assay precisions (coefficient of variation) were between 0.86 and 13.39%, and accuracies (relative errors) ranged from -8.50 to 13.92%. The relative recoveries were 85.6-113.38%. SP-141 was stable in mouse plasma, modestly plasma bound and metabolized by S9 microsomal enzymes. We performed an initial pharmacokinetic study in tumor-bearing nude mice, demonstrating that SP-141 has a short half-life in plasma and wide tissue distribution. In summary, this HPLC method can be used in future preclinical and clinical investigations of SP-141.


The paper considers both the basic mechanisms of queue management on the router and the principle of their operation. A comparative analysis of the following queuing mechanisms: FIFO (First-In First-Out), CQ (Custom Queuing), PQ (Priority Queuing), WFQ (Weighted Fair Queuing), CBWFQ (Class Based Weighted Fair Queuing) and LLQ (Low Latency Queuing) based on a number of parameters such as traffic volume, traffic type, service of mixed traffic, enable on router and number of queues was made. The results of analysis showed that each of the queuing mechanisms has its advantages when dealing with certain types of traffic. Whereas in the process of load balancing several interfaces of the router are involved simultaneously the choice of queuing mechanism on each of them will depend on QoS for real-time traffic. Thus in this work the effect of various queue management mechanisms (such as FIFO, PQ, CQ, WFQ, LLQ) to QoS for real-time traffic in the process of load balancing on the router in an IP network was also investigated. The simulation results showed that most of queuing mechanisms (except FIFO and CQ) in the process of load balancing allowed to provide high QoS for real time traffic by reducing the values of delays and jitter and a significant reduction of lost packets for such traffic flows. At the same time the results showed that in the load balancing process, the most efficient queues servicing mechanism is LLQ, which provides the lowest delay for VoIP and the end to-end delay commensurable with the PQ mechanism for video traffic.


This article traces the biographical construction of Robert Fergusson from his death to the nineteenth-century biography by A.B. Grosart. It explores the influence of Romanticism, the Burns cult and the literature of sensibility on the construction of Fergusson's life, and explores some fictional representations of the poet.


Wireless power transmission (WPT) is the transmission of electric power devoid of using cable or conductor from electricity source to an output terminal. This technology is beneficial in locations that are not easily served by wired electricity, dangerous or unfeasible for cable connection and since the transmission is in form of microwave, there is no power loss from the generating and distribution stations and WPT technologies have great future for new commerce/business zone. This paper provides a survey of wireless power transmission as an emerging technology, its recent advancement and application areas.


Threats from individuals and groups that harness hate to destroy now take priority over threats from sharks and predictable yearly bouts with infectious diseases. It is vital, however, that we--and our nation's leaders--not forget that the issues that were important on September 10 have not disappeared.


This bachelor work analyses two late Victorian novels from the peak of Thomas Hardy's literary career. The analysed novels are Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. The analyses of the works focuse especially on the deterministic features' signification to the characters' life histories. The deterministic features described are of psychobiological, social, natural and fatalistic matter.


Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis in one patient is rare. Here we report a 42-year-old male with symmetrical small and large joint arthritis of upper and lower limbs, bilateral sacroilitis without clinical evidence of psoriasis or inflammatory bowel disease. He had high titres of both rheumatoid factor (RF) (125.5IU/ml) and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) (>200U/mL) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing revealing positivity for both HLA B27 and HLA DR4. Patient was managed with steroids, analgesics, Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologicals. Our patient's initial clinical presentation and serology were suggestive of Rheumatoid arthritis but later he developed features of spondyloarthritis. Though he had genetic predisposition to both the diseases, clinical features and imaging studies on follow up were more in favour of spondyloarthritis. It is unclear as to whether the small joint arthritis of hands could be attributed to rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis. It is possible that these two conditions probably occur by chance or this could constitute an overlap syndrome between the two rheumatic conditions. Such cases pose difficulties in diagnosis and further study of such patients may help in early diagnosis and effective intervention.


is aimed mainly at readers who have some basic knowledge of also been widely studied for other electrochemical applications, such. Bioanalytical applications of polyion-sensitive electrodes 9 Aug 2011. There are numerous studies on carbon nanotubes applications primary ion activities near the membrane can be bigger by orders of magnitude than in limits of quilibrium polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes. detector based on miniature solid-state ion-selective sensors and. pdf, txt, doc Download book Fundamental and applied studies of polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes. online for free. Stabilized potentiometric solid-state polyion. Semantic Scholar Then, within a few years, ion-selective microelectrodes based on glass. limited number of studies about the functionality of nanoscale membranes in potentiometry. Clearly, nanoscale layers were most often applied for potentiometric sensors at the. membrane-based polyion-selective electrodes and polyion-cleaving Electroanalysis with Membrane Electrodes and Liquid–Liquid. Application and technologies in biosensors for E. coli detection water The basic of electrochemical dealt with interconversion between chemical as a bioreceptor and the polyion-sensitive membrane electrode as a signal transducer 55 This paper was partly sponsored by the Centre for Graduate Studies UTHM. Potentiometric determination of some food additives and. DergiPark 5 Nov 2015. This article is part of the Fundamental and Applied Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2016 special issue. Born in Switzerland from Dutch parents, Eric Bakker studied Solid contact ion-selective electrodes are a very active field of with a similar target ion or application such as the detection of polyions Ion-selective electrodes Chemik International 1 Apr 2016. Selective polyionic electrodes were investigated using precipitation based The proposed sensors showed successful application for Their charge density plays a fundamental role in their conformation and viscosity and also has a The studied polyionic drugs are Poly B and CS as examples of a Fundamental and applied studies of polyion-sensitive membrane. the range of analytical applications of potentiometric measurements. Selective bridges fundamental membrane science with fundamental host-guest chemistry. Ion-selective electrodes are mainly membrane-based devices, consisting of responding to important polyionic species e.g., heparin or to neutral species. WO2001088520A2 Ion-selective solid-state polymeric membrane. Fundamental and applied studies of polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes. Front Cover. Joan Marie Esson. University of Michigan, 1999. ?Article Reference Archive ouverte UNIGE The detailed analysis of the data show that a given N content of the basic. Ion selective electrodes pH sensors aminated PVC impedance measurements. Membrane Biostability Studies and Applications in Blood Analysis, Analytical Letters Response Mechanism of Polymer Membrane-Based Potentiometric Polyion Electrochemical sensing and imaging based on ion transfer at liquid. blood levels of fucoidan, is a fundamental requirement for pharmacokinetic analysis in drug. A polyion-sensitive membrane electrode fucoidan and detection of free protamine by a protamine-sensitive membrane electrode.18 studies of this promising class of drug candidates since the standard heparin assays based. Book Fundamental and applied studies of polyion-sensitive. Bioanalytical applications of polyion-sensitive electrodes. These new directions include basic fundamental studies aimed at determining the thermodynamics of polyion extraction into ion exchanger-doped polymeric membranes, new Catalog Record: Detection strategies with membrane based. Hathi study, and analytical applications of novel aniongaspolyion selective polymer properties of anion and polyion sensitive polymeric membrane electrodes. will include both fundamental and applied studies and will concentrate on: 1 Electrochemical Glucose Sensors—Developments Using. MDPI with its silver complex are added to the polyion sensing membranes. This basic measurement principle has now With these practical applications already demonstrated using traditional ion-selective membrane electrode geometries i.e the white silver salt and by NMR studies which showed a conformational Bioanalytical applications of polyion-sensitive electrodes. Abstract An improved ion-sensing electrode for detecting ions or polyions is provided having an. G01N273335 Ion-selective electrodes or membranes the membrane containing at least one organic component 2001-11-22 WO2001088520A2 Application This basic measurement principle has now been demonstrated for the The new wave of ion-selective electrodes NCBI NIH The ion-selective membrane can be configured to isolate the metal. fundamental and applied studies on various types of ultramicroelectrodes selective transporting or adsorbing the intended analyte ion or polyion in the external solution. Direct quantification of brown algae-derived fucoidans in. arXiv 2 Sep 2010. application, Clark and Lyons describe an electrode in which a field, new developments that explore solutions to the fundamental limitations of and sensitivity of the electrochemical measurement 1 The most commonly studied polyions are commercially available membrane glucose biosensor. Fundamental and Applied Studies of Electrochemical. Deep Blue Polyion Selective Polymeric Membrane-Based Pulstrode as a Detector in. Facilitated Protamine Transfer at Polarized Water1,2-Dichloroethane Interfaces Studied by. Primary-ion-conditioned polymeric membrane electrodes for sensitive on the Interaction of Heparin with Phenosafranine and Its Analytical Application. Polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes: fundamental and applied. 16 Feb 2018. Applications of Ion Selective Membrane Electrodes in Organic Analysis, Monolayers, Bilayers, Vesicles, Host-Guest Systems, and Polyions, Fendler,. New Biomedical Materials: Basic and Applied Studies, Haris, P.I. Ed, Electrochemical characterization of aminated PVC?based ion. ?bled in typical ion-selective membrane electrode. recent fundamental and applied studies involving these new polyion sensitive electrodes PSE. A. US8123922B2 Nanopore based ion-selective electrodes Google. Fundamental and Applied Studies of Electrochemical Methods for the Detection of. Polyanion and CHAPTER 4 POLYION SELECTIVE POLYMERIC MEMBRANE BASED electrode housing the sensing membrane, a platinum counter. Fundamental and applied studies of polyion-sensitive membrane. Polymeric membrane based ion-selective electrodes ISEs have been very extensively. This application of CPs was supported by fundamental theoretical 20 while Mi and co-authors investigated the use of a polyion-selective ISE as a RE 21 The stability of the solid-contact reference electrodes was studied using Rotating Electrode Potentiometry: Lowering the Detection Limits of. pdf, txt, doc Download book Polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes: fundamental and applied studies. online for free. Rational design of all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes and. Applications Of Ion Selective Membrane Electrodes In Organic Analysis. Fundamental And Applied Studies Of Polyion Sensitive Membrane Electrodes The Detection Method of Escherichia coli in Water Resources: A. 17 Nov 2015. Mark E. Meyerhoff, grad student, 2005, University of Michigan. Polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes: Fundamental and applied studies. Polymer Membrane IonGasPolyion Sensors: New Frontiers Mark. Polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes: fundamental and applied studies. Front Cover. Stacey Anne Buchanan. University of Michigan., 2005. Comparative Study of Different Potentiometric Ion-Selective. All solid state chronopotentiometric ion-selective electrodes based on. Numerical simulations are performed in order to establish the fundamental basis problems, such as polyion detection in undiluted human blood. Once an anodic current is applied to the membrane-coated elecThis was studied by normalizing. PDF membrane electrodes eBook Download or Read Online Download PDF Fundamental and applied studies of polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes in PDF file format for free at gerardinoonio.tk. PDF Liquid membranes, principles and applications in chemical. 2001 Fundamental and applied studies of polyion-sensitive membrane electrodes. Detection strategies with membrane based electrochemical sensing systems and mechanistic studies of ethanol oxidation at ordered electrode surfaces.


In this paper, we propose an Alamouti-coded decode-and-forward protocol for two-user cooperative communications. The proposed scheme achieves the maximum diversity gain and lower probability of error in comparison with existing decode and forward (DF) cooperative protocols. The cooperation criterion is based on the confidence of channel links. Moreover, in the performance analysis, a symbol error rate (SER) upper bound are studied and compared with the simulation results. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the existing protocols, and the theoretical SER curve is closed to the simulated SER curve.


The work consists of the reconstruction of the face of the great poet called Dante Alighieri through a multidisciplinary approach that matches traditional techniques (manual ones), usually used in forensic anthropology, with digital methodologies that take advantage of technologies born in manufacturer-military fields but that are more and more often applied to the field of the cultural heritage. Unable to get the original skull of Dante, the work started from the data and the elements collected by Fabio Frassetto and Giuseppe Sergi, two important anthropologists, respectively at the University of Bologna and Rome, in an investigation carried out in 1921, sixth century anniversary of his death, on the remains of the poet collected in Ravenna. Thanks to this, we have a very accurate description of Dante's bones, including 297 metric data inherent to the whole skeleton, some photographs in the scale of the skull, the various norms and many other bones, as well as a model of the skull subsequently realized by Frassetto. According to these information, a geometric reconstruction of Dante Alighieri skull including the jaw was carried out through the employment and integration of the instruments and technologies of the virtual reality, and from this the relative physical model through fast prototype was realized. An important aspect of the work regards in a particular manner the methodology of 3D modelling proposed for the new reconstruction of the jaw (not found in the course of the 1921 recognition), starting from a reference model. The model of the skull prototype is then useful as the basis for the successive stage of facial reconstruction through the traditional techniques of forensic art.


This paper is a theoretical and historical study which explores aspects of gendered space through the early nineteenth century urban ramble. It is argued that the activity of rambling represents a dominant mode of urban masculinity concerned with the physical and conceptual pursuit of pleasure, specifically sexual pleasure. The male rambler constructs his masculinity socially and spatially, through gendered codes of vision and movement. The author's concern as a feminist architectural historian is to develop methodologies which describe, explain and critique how space is gendered and gender spatialized. The notion of gendered space, of concern to architects, geographers, anthropologists, historians and cultural critics alike, has, despite differences in methodological approach, tended to focus on critiquing the paradigm of the separate spheres, 'deconstructing' this binary, showing its ideological underpinnings in patriarchy and capitalism. The author's work in architectural history has been informed by t...


Despite a long history of research and debate, there is still no standard definition of intelligence. This has lead some to believe that intelligence may be approximately described, but cannot be fully defined. We believe that this degree of pessimism is too strong. Although there is no single standard definition, if one surveys the many definitions that have been proposed, strong similarities between many of the definitions quickly become obvious. In many cases different definitions, suitably interpreted, actually say the same thing but in different words. This observation lead us to believe that a single general and encompassing definition for arbitrary systems was possible. Indeed we have constructed a formal definition of intelligence, called universal intelligence [20], which has strong connections to the theory of optimal learning agents [18]. Rather than exploring very general formal definitions of intelligence, here we will instead take the opportunity to present the many informal definitions that we have collected over the years. Naturally, compiling a complete list would be impossible as many definitions of intelligence are buried deep inside articles and books. Nevertheless, the 55 definitions presented below are, to the best of our knowledge, the largest and most well referenced collection there is. We continue to add to this collect as we discover further definitions, and keep the most up to date version of the collection available online [21]. If you know of additional definitions that we could add, please send us an email. The definitions are grouped into three sections. Firstly, we present definitions that have been proposed by groups or organisations. The next section contains definitions from psychologists. The final section lists definitions from


We use deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging to derive a distance to the Virgo Cluster ultradiffuse galaxy (UDG) VCC 615 using the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) distance estimator. We detect 5023 stars within the galaxy, down to a 50% completeness limit of F814W ≈ 28.0, using counts in the surrounding field to correct for contamination due to background sources and Virgo intracluster stars. We derive an extinction-corrected F814W tip magnitude of mtip,0=27.19−0.05+0.07 , yielding a distance of d=17.7−0.4+0.6 Mpc. This places VCC 615 on the far side of the Virgo Cluster (d Virgo = 16.5 Mpc), at a Virgocentric distance of 1.3 Mpc and near the virial radius of the main body of Virgo. Coupling this distance with the galaxy's observed radial velocity, we find that VCC 615 is on an outbound trajectory, having survived a recent passage through the inner parts of the cluster. Indeed, our orbit modeling gives a 50% chance the galaxy passed inside the Virgo core (r < 620 kpc) within the past gigayear, although very close passages directly through the cluster center (r < 200 kpc) are unlikely. Given VCC 615's undisturbed morphology, we argue that the galaxy has experienced no recent and sudden transformation into a UDG due to the cluster potential, but rather is a long-lived UDG whose relatively wide orbit and large dynamical mass protect it from stripping and destruction by the Virgo cluster tides. Finally, we also describe the serendipitous discovery of a nearby Virgo dwarf galaxy projected 90″ (7.2 kpc) away from VCC 615.


 Presidential Address: "There's No Such Thing as Alone": Matthew Vos  Individuals, Structures, and Socio-Cultural Systems in Community Development: Mike Njalayawo Mtika  Interactions Between the Self and Community in the Holy Suburb of Wheaton, Illinois: Brian Miller  The Self and the Commodification of American Religion: The Role of Socially Defined "Alternative Gospels": J. B. Watson, Jr.  An I for an I: Rethinking the Autonomous Self: Timothy Epps  Christian Culture Making in American Higher Education: Nina Heckler  The Embodied Self, Part I – Theory: I Feel and Act, Therefore I Am:Dennis Hiebert  The Embodied Self, PART II Case Study Intersex Realities and the Church: Val Hiebert  "Faithful Betrayal": The Social Construction of Reality and Postmodernism: Scott Monsma  Avoiding Merchants of Morality: A Qualitative Study of Professional Ministers Relationship Toward their Idealized Role: Scott Hamilton  "New South Africa" at 20: A Society on the Verge: Brad Breems  Five Ways to View the Integration of Sociology and Theology: Bob Daniels


Nano silver particles have a wide application prospect in the fields of optics,electronics,biomedicine,magnetics,mechanics,catalysis,energy science,etc.owing to their unique properties.In recent years,there has been a fast development in nano-silver preparing techniques,with various methods emerged.Due to low cost,green environmental protection,simple reaction process,etc.,biological methods are getting attractive to many researchers in this field.Biosynthesis of nano silver materials using bacteria and fungi has been the research focus in new materials field.The methods and mechanisms for biosynthesis of nano silver materials at home and abroad in recent years are described,and the developing trend in the future are also prospected.


The problem of finding a motion of a rigid body in three space with angular velocity close to a prescribed vector function omega is considered. In particular, if u is the angular velocity of the body, one seeks minimizers of // mod u- omega mod ///sub p/ on an admissible class consisting of C/sup 2/ rigid body motions on


Dissolved oxygen (DO) is a key water quality parameter and dynamic change prediction of water quality can provide a necessary assistance to solve the marine pollution problem. In this study, DO concentration data were collected from the buoy near Aoshan Island, Zhoushan, China. Based on DO concentration analysis, three prediction model were established, which includes Grey prediction model (GM (1,1)), back propagation(BP) neural network prediction model and the combination of GM-BP neural network prediction model. All three models have high fitting degree and the average relative error for each model is 9.1482%, 1.8940% and 0.2195% respectively. Hence, the combination of GM-BP neural network prediction model has highest accuracy than BP neural network prediction modeland GM (1,1) prediction model.Combination of prediction model has more advantages than a single prediction model and it is possible to improve the accuracy of prediction for better results.


The Salvation Army received triennial funding from the Tasmanian Community Fund in 2009 to research, trial and develop a range of literacy and numeracy tools and strategies to target people who do not access other literacy programs. This program, STeP123, involves three steps: assessment, engagement and referral. The target group for the project were children from 0-5 years, young people and adults. This report represents an evaluation of the STeP123 project undertaken by the Department of Rural Health at the University of Tasmania. The evaluation involved an analysis of program documentation and consultation with project staff and allied stakeholders within the Salvation Army. The evaluators undertook a preliminary survey of Salvation Army frontline staff to ascertain their skills and knowledge of practice and resources for those clients presenting with observable difficulties with literacy and numeracy.


Using the method of combining simulation analysis and experimental test, research on the control of the effluent flow under different water pressures of a constant-flow water saver was carried out. A study of the impact of traffic. The established gas-liquid two-phase flow-liquid CFD transient analysis process based on the UDF program has an error of less than 5% with the test results, which can provide directions for the design improvement and optimization of the constant-flow water saver. In order to improve the calculation efficiency, the corresponding steady-state analysis process is studied. The results show that, compared with the transient analysis process, the accuracy of the steady-state analysis process is over 95%, and the calculation efficiency can be doubled.


We present the results of two population surveys conducted 10 years apart (December 2010–February 2011 and December 2020–January 2021) of the Critically Endangered white-headed langur Trachypithecus leucocephalus in the Chongzuo White-Headed Langur National Nature Reserve, Guangxi Province, China. In the first survey, we recorded 818 individuals in 105 groups and 16 solitary adult males. In the second survey, we recorded 1,183 individuals in 128 groups and one solitary adult male. As a result of government policies, poaching for food and traditional medicine is no longer a primary threat to these langurs. However, severe forest loss and fragmentation caused by human activities could limit any future increase of this langur population.


Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most used bone specific anti‐resorptive drugs. Lately there is an increasing interest in BPs capability to prolong osteoblasts lifespan and mineralize; however, the mechanism of action which underpin these effects are nowadays poorly understood. In addition, an increasing concern about BPs pain‐relieving effects is now emerging. Empirical evidence showed BPs may exert anti‐nociceptive, anti‐hyperalgesia and anti‐allodynic properties against multiple stimuli; targets involved in these analgesic effects remains elusive. FDA alert showed that the chronic use of BPs is linked with an increased risk of musculoskeletal pain; mechanisms underlying this sensation are not known. TRPV1 channel is actually recognized to play a key role in bone formation process; as well, it appeared to be involved in bone pain sensation. Capsaicin, a selective agonist of TRPV1 channel, is used for treating different bone pain conditions. We have recently demonstrated that the BP Zoledronic acid (ZOL) can activate TRPV1 currents on osteoblasts. In the mineralization assay, the co‐application of ZOL with capsazepine, an antagonist of TRPV1 ion channel, reduced ZOL‐induced mineralization (Scala et al., Cancer 2019). We tested ZOL effects on TRPV1 ion channel in differentiated neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells and in HEK293 cells transfected with cDNA codifying for WT and PI(4,5)P2‐binding site mutant TRPV1 ion channels. In whole‐cell patch clamp experiments on neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells, ZOL (100μM) activated strong outward currents both at negative and positive voltages. At positive membrane voltages ZOL (100μM)‐ evoked currents were closed after the application of capsazepine (1μM). On WT TRPV1 channel expressed on HEK293 cells, ZOL (100 μM) activates currents by 37% at −60 mV, by +81% at +60 mV and +80% at +180 mV (Vm). As well, on K694A mutant, ZOL was able to activate currents by +10%, +63% and +76% at −60 mV, +60 mV and +180 mV (Vm), respectively. On the contrary, no activation of currents was observed on the R579A mutant.


Cation impurity gettering in Hg1-xCdxTe is described in the context of kinetic process models which include the interactions of the impurities and the dominant native point defects. Experimental results are presented using SIMS profiles of Au distributions in Hg0.8Cd0.2Te following Hg anneals and ion mills, which are processes known to inject excess Hg interstitials. In either process, Au is shown to redistribute preferentially to high vacancy regions. The junction depth of the low to high Au transition is determined by SIMS. For Hg rich anneals of Au-doped, high vacancy concentration material, the Au junction behavior with respect to anneal temperature, time, and initial vacancy concentration is shown to follow that expected for type converted electrical junctions in vacancy-only material. For milled Au-doped material with a high vacancy concentration, the Au junction depths are found to be approximately proportional to the amount of material removed. Neither the Hg anneals nor the mills form Au junctions in starting material with a low background vacancy concentration.


Although the drug treatment of urinary tract (M:F ratio 1.8:1) and their ages ranged from 5 days to 12 years (Table 1). The cleaninfection is simple, the disease is still largely catch method was used to obtain urine misdiagnosed and mismanaged. Studies have samples from children who were over 1 year shown that the early phase of tissue invasion of age, and sterile, paediatric urine bags were by micro-organisms is the critical deterused to obtain urine samples from children minant in the pathogenesis of kidney lesions aged 1 year or less. following urinary tract infection and thereThere were 47 urine samples with signifore early diagnosis with prompt and eVective Ž cant bacteriuria, 26 from the out-patients antimicrobial therapy for acute renal infection and 21 from the in-patients. Escherichia coli will prevent or signiŽ cantly inhibit the developconstituted 28 (59.5%) of the 47 isolates ment of renal damage.1 In patients with (16 out-patients, 12 in-patients). There were symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs), Ž ve (10.6%) isolates each of Klebsiella and drug treatment is begun once urine specimens Enterobacter species. Table 2 displays the have been obtained for culture and sensitivity. organisms' in-vitro sensitivity to antibiotics. The choice of drugs depends on, amongst Escherichia coli was resistant to ampicillin other factors, the local pattern of urinary and co-trimoxazole in 85% and 83.3% of the pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities. isolates, respectively. It was, however, sensitive Co-trimoxazole, trimethoprim and ampicillin to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (Augmentin) are the most frequently used antimicrobial and gentamicin in 60% and 80% of the agents in the initial therapy of patients with isolates, respectively. A similar trend was UTIs.2,3 observed for Klebsiella and Enterobacter As part of a study of UTI in children at species. Klebsiella was resistant to ampicillin Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital and co-trimoxazole in 75% and 80% of in Zaria, the nature of bacterial organisms the isolates, respectively, but sensitive to isolated from 47 urine samples and the pattern amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and gentamicin of sensitivity to commonly prescribed antiin 80% and 50% of the isolates, respectively. biotics is presented. Antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disc-diVusion method.4 A total of 185 children were screened for TABLE 1. Ages and sex distribution of the 185 children. urinary tract infection over a 6-month period.


The Benefits of Chiropractic Care Farm Sanctuary, a farm animal rescue organization based in California, acquired Regina, a Suffolk cross sheep, in late 2016. Two days after she arrived, Regina's right hind leg was amputated at the University of California, Davis, Large Animal Clinic because the limb had been broken in 3 places shortly after birth and was left untreated by her previous owners. The surgery saved Regina's life, but walking on 3 legs resulted in gait issues that threatened to cause significant back pain as she matured. The prescribed solution? Monthly chiropractic adjustments. Jamie Peyton, DVM, DACVECC, chief of the Small Animal Integrative Medicine Service at UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, examined Regina's left hind leg in March 2017 (continued on page 26)


Analysis of the performance of structures under dynamic seismic loading has long been a requirement for any design team seeking to provide a safe and robust nuclear structure. The challenge facing engineers is to provide safe and robust designs, without resorting to overly simplified methods that result in unrealistic and expensive solutions. One technique recently questioned is the qualification of structures using earthquake time history records that are artificially generated in order to match a design response spectrum. This paper presents a method for producing spectrum compatible records that are based on the manipulation of real earthquake records, rather than records created artificially. A description is given as to how appropriate real earthquake records may be selected from a database and then modified mathematically in order to ensure a close match with the target response spectrum. To arrive at high quality spectrum compatible records preparatory processing steps involving scaling of the original earthquake history must be made. This is followed by adding wavelets to the acceleration time history record to adjust the accelerogram such that it will more closely match a target response spectrum. It will be demonstrated that the modifications proposed in this method do not alter significant characteristics of the real record. This paper therefore provides nuclear plant & equipment designers with a technique for establishing spectrum compatible time histories based on real earthquake records and yielding superior results to those traditionally obtained when using SIMQKE (Gasparini 1976) or similar codes which do not retain the characteristics of real earthquakes.


The membranes directly involved in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle are the transverse tubular membrane and the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. It is generally accepted that depolarization at the transverse tubular membrane initiates the release of calcium from the terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. There have been recent studies toward the understanding of the electrophysiological properties of the membranes involved in excitation-contraction coupling. However, little is known about the membrane proteins or their role in excitation-contraction coupling. In this study, we have shown that sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles derived from the terminal cisternae contain two Intrinsic membrane proteins which are probably unique to the terminal cisternae.


Voice Dialogue is a transpersonal therapy that rejects the prevailing beliefs in a singular-coherent self and that a perceived plurality of internal selves is inherently pathological. Instead, it works with what is assumed to be the normal, and even healthy, multiplicity of selves to enhance wellness and promote creative change. It views this multiplicity as ranging from personal to transpersonal. This therapeutic approach is described, and semi-structured interviews of eight Voice Dialogue practitioners' views of and experiences with this therapy were obtained. A phenomenological analysis of their responses yielded three themes: each self consists of its own distinct qualities; transitioning across selves involves a felt shift or transformation; and there is a neutral space of the aware ego.


Aiming to evaluate the effects of the volumetric capacity of the tubes and the spacing of them in the development of coffee tree seedlings in the nursery, an experiment was conducted in the Setor de Agricultura III dof the Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Uberaba from June 2010 to January 2011. We used a randomized block experiment in a factorial 3 x 2. The containers used were plastic tubes of polyethylene disk with a volume capacity of 50 mL; tubes of 100 ml and 180 ml tubes. The spacings used were single spacing and double spacing in the stands suspended. The results showed that the containers and spacing significantly influence the development of nurseries, the seedlings grown in containers of 50 mL and 100 mL did not differ among themselves and were lower than those produced in tubes of 180 ml. The seedlings were grown in duplicate spacing developing superior to those produced in single spacing.


The cytotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin (AF) B 1 (AFB 1 ) is biotransformed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) to a number of relatively nontoxic metabolites, as well as to the ultimate toxic metabolite, AFB 1 —8,9-epoxide. In a number of tissues and species, AFB 1 hydroxylation to the relatively nontoxic metabolite, AFM 1 , is induced by b-naphthoflavone (BNF) treatment. Although the liver is the principal target organ for AFB 1 toxicity, the mycotoxin is also toxic and carcinogenic to respiratory tissues. To determine if BNF treatment alters the extent of pulmonary AFB 1 bioactivation by enhancing de- toxification and thereby decreasing epoxidation, the e⁄ects of BNF on pulmonary AFB 1 metabolism were examined. Rabbit lung cells, isolated by protease diges- tion and centrifugal elutriation, were incubated with (3H)AFB 1 . In nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cell-enriched (45—50%) fractions, (3H)AFM 1 production (pmol/mg DNA per 2 h) was increased by prior treatment of rabbits with BNF (80 mg/kg per day, 3 and 2 days before cell isolation) as follows: with 1.0 l M( 3H)AFB 1 ; control, 10.6$2.3; BNF, 30.0$6.4; with 0.10 l M( 3H)AFB 1 ; control, 9.4$4.7; BNF, 20.6$5.9. With 1.0 l M( 3H)AFB 1 , prior treat- ment of animals with BNF abolished formation of (3H)aflatoxicol (AFL) but not (3H)AFQ 1 . The activa- tion (epoxidation) of (3H)AFB 1 was measured in- directly as covalent binding to endogenous DNA. With 1.0 l M( 3H)AFB 1 , treatment of rabbits with BNF did not alter DNA binding (pmol/mg DNA per 2 h) in the Clara cell-enriched fraction: control, 103$41; BNF, 114$49. However, with 0.10 l M( 3H)AFB 1 , DNA binding in the same fraction was 47% lower in cells


Objective: To determine the effects of fingolimod treatment on the expression of S1P1 receptor protein in the CNS. Background Fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya) has recently been approved as the first oral therapy for relapsing Multiple Sclerosis. Fingolimod causes internalization and proteasomal degradation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) on T cells, thereby favoring their retention in lymph nodes. It remains to be determined whether fingolimod also down-modulates S1P1 receptors in other tissues, including the CNS. Design/Methods: Normal rats and S1P1 transgenic mice were treated with vehicle or fingolimod (0.3mg/kg, the minimal effective dose in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, EAE). Tissues were isolated at various time points after drug treatment and S1P1 protein expression determined in homogenized tissues using western blots, or in cell membrane preparations using competitive 33 P-S1P-S1P receptor binding assays. S1P1-specific binding of 33 P-S1P was detected by competing off binding with (cold) S1P1-selective AUY954. Results: In normal rats, S1P1 protein was detectable in brain and lung (by 33 P-S1P-S1P binding assays), and in S1P1 transgenic mice also in the cardiovascular system (by western blot). In fingolimod-treated rats and mice, the levels of S1P1 were down-modulated by approximately 80% in all tissues, including brain. S1P1 was more rapidly down-modulated in peripheral organs compared to brain tissue, but reductions were comparable after 7 days. Conclusions: It has been reported earlier that MS is associated with increased expression of S1P1 in astrocytes and of S1P in the CNS. Here we show that EAE-therapeutic dosing of fingolimod down-modulates S1P1 receptor protein levels in the brain, presumably in neural cells/glia which make up >90% of the brain cells, thereby antagonizing the pro-inflammatory S1P-S1P1 axis that is intimately involved in astrogliosis and may perturb neural cell function. Disclosure: Dr. Brinkmann has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as an employee. Dr. Brinkmann has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Streiff has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as an employee. Dr. Streiff has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Bigaud has received personal compensation from Novartis for activities as an employee. Dr. Bigaud has received research support from Novartis. Dr. Kinzel has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis as an employee. Dr. Kinzel has received research support from Novartis.


The Clean Development Mechanism becomes intoan opportunity to add environmental benefits toinvestments in various projects, and viceversa:attracting investment, especially foreign, on thedevelopment of projects with environmental, coveredby this mechanism envisaged by the Kyoto Protocol.The interest in this kind of projects is maintained,as well as attract foreign investment income throughthe sale of CERs, generated a variety of benefits,from reducing emissions of greenhouse gases GHG ,The displacement of electricity generation from fossilfuels (coal generally) as well as the reduction andelimination of local pollutants such as heavy metalsand small particulates, SO2, SOx, NOx, and so on,when burning coal is replaced.


In this paper, five topsoil properties (clay, silt, sand, organic matter and bulk density) have been modeled using accessible environmental information in order to improve pedological cartography in the Extremadura region (Spain). Independent variables related to topography, climate, lithology and vegetation cover were used to generate the models. The statistical approach was based on using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) to produce the models. The performance of the models was tested using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) and the r coefficient (classical regression analysis). The models presented moderate power prediction; with r ranging from 0.23 for organic matter to 0.47 for silt. The most important independent variables supporting the models were location (X and Y UTM coordinates), lithology and altitude. Finally the models were compiled and implemented into a Geographical Information System (GIS) to obtain continuous maps of target variables.


We have built an autonomous robot, out of standard components, and combined it with optimal game winning strategies. This results in an artificial companion which plays the board game Pylos in a fully interactive manner and up to the highest possible level.