The invention discloses a positioning gas pressure column which comprises a spherical body and a column body, wherein the upper part of the column body is provided with a spherical crown cavity communicated with outside, a through hole is formed in the column body, the spherical body is arranged in the spherical crown cavity, a positioning lug boss is arranged on the middle part of the column body, the lower surface of the positioning lug boss is smooth and has a requirement on precision, the lower part of the column body is provided with a thread, and a groove is arranged above the thread. According to the accurate positioning gas pressure column disclosed by the invention, input gas passes through the through hole and is imported into the spherical crown cavity, so that the spherical body floats up to transfer pressure outwards; in addition, as the spherical body can rotate in any direction, the friction between the spherical body and a workpiece is rolling friction, so that the damage caused by friction due to the fact that the workpiece shifts when being touched can be reduced, and meanwhile the accurate set pressure can be provided; and meanwhile, owing to the arrangement of the positioning lug boss and the groove, the pressure column can accurately ensure the height on a platform connected with the pressure column.


This paper reports and compares the internal dynamics of IGBT under short circuit and clamped inductive switching stress. The performance of IGBTs under short circuit and clamped inductive load conditions has been studied in detail with the aid of extensive measurements and numerical simulations. An advanced mixed device and circuit simulator is employed to study the internal dynamics of latch-up free punch-through IGBT. It is shown that thermally assisted avalanche breakdown of IGBT under the two stress conditions occurs due to localized high temperature generation in different regions of the device.


Introduction. Hypertension is an increase in blood pressure more than normal. in Indonesia, the prevalence increased annually. Based on the 2013 Riskesdas (Basic Health research) data, the prevalence of hypertension for population of over 18 years and above was 31.7%. South Kalimantan is a province that ranks second highest prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia. The highest number of cases of hypertension was found in the age group of over 40 years. Preventive measures should be performed prior to the occurrence of hypertension. Knowledge of the effects of hypertension prevention behaviors based on the concepts of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Social Support among the people of Desa Baruh Jaya is expected to contribute to describing hypertension prevention behaviors among the people. Purposes. The purpose of the present study was to analyze hypertension prevention behaviors based on the concepts of HBM and social support. Methods. The study was a quantitative research using a cross-sectional approach. It was conducted in Desa Baruh Jaya of South Kalimantan Province. A sample of 128 respondents was taken by using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the multivariate chi-square correlation tests using ordinal logistic regression. Results. Bivariate analysis showed a correlation of individual characteristics (knowledge and education) and individual belief (susceptibility and barriers). There a correlation of the perceived severity and perceived severity of threats. There was correlations among the perceived benefits, barriers, self-efficacy and social support with a p of a = 0.05. Analysis of the effects showed an effect of education on the perceived vulnerability (OR = 0.483), an effect of knowledge on barriers (OR = l.434), an effect of barriers on hypertension prevention behaviors (OR = 0.111) an effect of social support on hypertension prevention behaviors (OR = l, 142).


This article analyzed the number, publication journal and subject category of 1161 articles indexed by CHKD which arepublished by the Children's Hospital of Hunan Province during 2000~2007, and explored the scientific research tendency of thewhole and every subject as well as article contribution of research people, with considerations of the actuality of the hospital. It notonly objectively evaluated and awarded the academic level of the hospital, but also pointed out the deficiency of the research paper.Thus it reflected the change of medical scientific research level of the hospital and proposed the development directions for researchwork.


In this paper, we introduce a model of cooperative caching to shorten transmission time of video in specific scenario such as high-speed railway. When user terminals (UTs) request for videos from the intelligent routing relay (IRR), in order to reduce the waiting time of UTs, IRR splits the video into several segments and assigns cooperative caching tasks to UTs which are willing to accept the tasks. The UTs can cache the segments with their cellular network traffic and upload these segments to IRR for combination. IRR prefers to cache the beginning 10 seconds video firstly, as UTs can start watch video while caching the rest segments. In order to minimize the video transmission time, we use differential evolution (DE) algorithm to allocate segments to UTs. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of DE and show that the performances of DE are better than random allocation (RA) and average allocation (AA) strategy.


Drumstick, Moringa oleifera Lam. are commonly used in curries for flavouring. The medicinal value and high vitamin C content of these fruits have created interest among nutritionists "and for its export potential. Canning f is the only method which can retain their wholesomeness and quality in terms of vitaminCretention for longer time.Wijayawardana and Bamunuarachchi at University of Sri ]ayawardanapura, Sri Lanka studied the effect of heat treatment on retention of VitaminCin canned fruits. Freshly harvested fruits (50 g) were crushed in 100 ml of distilled water and in order to reduce the microbial load, unpeeled fruits were washed in 10 ppm chlorine. Hand peeling was done to remove fibrous coat of pods. Aftercutting into pieces they were rinsed in potable water and 235 g of pieces were longitudinally packed into each can containing 195 ml of 2.5% brine. Leaving the standard headspace, cans were sealed. The rate at which heat was conveyed into the cans was measured using thermocouples connected to a digital /~ thermometer. r. The results indicated that the best combination of heating is 20 minutes at 121°C. Incubation test showed that this treatment did not support the growth of microbes and hence prevents spoilage (Wijayawardana & Bamunuara-chchi, J Food Sci Technot, 2002,39,161-163).


An extensive data set for the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}+^{15}\mathrm{N}$ system at an energy ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=23.1$ MeV, consisting of elastic and inelastic scattering to excited states of $^{15}\mathrm{N}$ and the ${3}_{1}^{+}$, ${2}_{1}^{+}$, and ${1}_{1}^{+}$ spin-orbit triplet of $L=2$, $T=0$ resonances in $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$, was analyzed with a single calculation including the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\alpha}+d$ breakup, excitation of the $^{15}\mathrm{N}$ levels, and the $^{15}\mathrm{N}(^{6}\mathrm{Li},^{7}\mathrm{Li})^{14}\mathrm{N}$ one-neutron pickup reaction employing the coupled discretized continuum channel, coupled channel, and coupled reaction channel techniques, respectively. Since the experiment was performed in inverse kinematics, and owing to the specific structure properties of $^{15}\mathrm{N}$, it was possible to measure an angular distribution for population of the ${1}_{1}^{+}$ resonance of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ for the first time, without the need for time-consuming and complicated coincidence measurements through detection of the scattered $^{15}\mathrm{N}$. A good description of the cross sections for populating all three $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ resonances was obtained, confirming the validity of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}+d$ cluster model of $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$. In the methodology adopted the surface absorption was mostly generated by the included couplings, and while the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ breakup had the most important influence on the elastic scattering, coupling to the $^{15}\mathrm{N}$ inelastic excitations was also found to have a significant effect, particularly at midrange angles. By contrast, the one-neutron pickup coupling had a negligible effect on the other channels.


After two unavoidable delays , the Dramatic Club will pull the curtain on its second production of the season when it presents "Glamour Preferred" Wednesday at 8:30 p.m. in Autry-House. Leading-a long and star-studded cast are Juan Vina as Kerry Elridge and Ann Bridges as his wife, Lynn. ".Model" Family The play, a farce, deals with the "model" Hollywood f a m i 1 y, Kerry Elridge, first star of the screen, and his former-comedienne wife, Lynn. A trip to New York involves Kerry with an old affection, Bonnie of the Hot Spot, lately become by marriage Lady Bonita Towyn of Lon-don. Upon his return to Hollywood < after nearly being denuded by fans in Salt Lake City) he finds his hap-A special meeting for all fresh-men will be held today at 1 p.m. in the Chemistry Lecture Hall, Class President Jim Smith said Thursday. Smith u r g e d all freshmen to be I resent for "important discussions of class business." 0 Seven new members-in-course for the campus chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, national honorary scholastic fraternity, were announced Thursday by Dr. F. S. Lear, secretary. All are senior students. Six members-in-course were nam-The Gamma of Texas, Rice Institute chapter of Tau Beta Pi, national honorary engineering fraternity , Thursday announced the election to membership of nine men from the upper ten per cent of the junior engineering class. The engineers, selected by the active student members of the chap-j One week from today the biggest tr, are Gordon L. Bushey, Robert D. j show on the campus will roll up the j ed by Phi Beta Kappa in October, making a total of 13 to date this year. One or more additional members have at times been named in June following the end of the academic year. Dr. Lear said that arrangements , had not been made for the initiation I of the new members. After the scholastic requirements j have been fulfilled, the students are i selected on the basis of interest in I activities both inside and outside of engineering, leadership, integrity, and unselfish activity. Juniors are Margaret Freeman will represent with politics and politicians. Peti-i the Institute at Texas A. & M.'s an-tions for all offices to be filled by nual Cotton Ball in April, it was de-the general elections of March 301 cided Thursday at a joint meeting must be filed with members …


In the context of unsteady 3D simulations of particle‐laden flows, a new double‐constraint load balancing strategy for Euler–Lagrange models is proposed. The method relies on an existing Eulerian partitioning and implements a Lagrangian load balancing step, which is orthogonal to the pre‐existing Eulerian balancing. This orthogonality property ensures to keep a near‐to‐ideal Eulerian load balance while strongly improving the distribution of the Lagrangian particles on the processors. The method has been designed to handle large unstructured 3D meshes on complex geometries. Lagrangian performance measurements performed on massively parallel simulations of realistic spray cases show a CPU cost reduction up to 70% compared to the unbalanced case.


Left Atrial Isthmus. Introduction: We observed a change in the atrial activation sequence during radiofrequency (RF) energy application in patients undergoing left accessory pathway (AP) ablation. This occurred without damage to the AP and in the absence of a second AP or alternative arrhythmia mechanism. We hypothesized that block in a left atrial "isthmus" of tissue between the mitral annulus and a left inferior pulmonary vein was responsible for these findings.


Affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is reviewed with emphasis on determination of the binding constants. The requirements for the CE system are discussed. CE-based immunoassays (both competitive and non-competitive) are summarized and examples of ACE are described.


Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a powerful tool for particle and cell manipulations in microfluidic devices. Our group has recently developed a new method that exploits the intrinsic curvature of microchannel walls for a diverse electrical control of particle and cell motions, which is termed Curvature-induced Dielectrophoresis (C-iDEP). Due to the variation in path length for electric current, the electric field becomes inherently non-uniform within a microchannel turn. Thus induced DEP can generate a cross-stream particle motion, which is a nonlinear function of electric field and superimposed to the linear electrokinetic motion enabling flexible particle manipulations. This paper presents our recent results on the deflection, focusing, filtration, and separation of particles and cells in curved microchannels by the use of C-iDEP.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The present invention relates to a device for carrying out the novel method and such a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic device. The present invention uses a mobile system for advancing the workpiece substrate through an integrated device having a plurality of processing chambers to control each manufacturing process.


Introduction: MAS is a severe, life-threatening complication of rheumatic diseases such as Still's disease and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MAS is a form of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, characterized by a hyperinflammatory state caused by immune cell dysregulation which can lead to multiorgan damage. Sustained activation and expansion of T lymphocytes and macrophages stimulates the hypersecretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ.
 The mainstay of treatment for MAS is high doses of glucocorticoids (GCs); however, they do not always provide adequate control in all patients. Additional treatments are used without a standardized approach; however, morbidity and mortality remain high. Preliminary data from a pilot study including 9 patients with inadequate response to high-dose intravenous GCs (NCT03311854) showed that emapalumab, a fully human anti-IFNγ monoclonal antibody, led to rapid neutralization of IFNγ and was efficacious in controlling MAS with a favorable safety profile [De Benedetti et al. Annals Rheumatic Dis 2020;79(Suppl. 1):194]. A study to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of emapalumab in patients with MAS in Still's disease and SLE is enrolling patients.
 Objective: To describe the design and objectives of a Phase 2/3 study aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety of emapalumab in the treatment of MAS in rheumatic disease.
 Study Design and Methods: This open-label, single arm, multicenter, interventional study (Figure 1) is enrolling pediatric and adult subjects into two cohorts 1) MAS in Still's disease (systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and adult onset Still's disease; n=25) and 2) MAS in SLE (n=16). Eligible patients must present with an inadequate response to high doses of GCs. Each cohort is a single-arm study composed of two phases: an optional run-in phase and an interventional phase. Key eligibility criteria vary by cohort and phase (Table 1). During the run-in phase, patients are treated with GCs according to the investigators' clinical practice and followed until MAS remission or inadequate response, or for a maximum of 12 weeks. Patients with an inadequate response to GCs (and potentially to other therapies) enroll in the interventional phase to be treated with intravenous emapalumab (initial dose 6mg/kg, subsequent doses 3mg/kg) for 4 weeks or until a complete response (CR) is achieved, and are followed off-drug for 1 year.
 Based on the assumptions of a successful treatment with GCs (null hypothesis) of up to 40% for cohort 1 (i.e. CR rate of 40%) and 30% for cohort 2 (i.e. CR rate of 30%), if the truth is 70% complete responders (for both cohorts), then a total of 25 and 16 patients, respectively, is required to demonstrate a statistically significant proportion of CR with a power of 80% using a one-sided exact binomial test at a significance level of 2.5%. The study design for cohort 1 is a group sequential design, including an interim analysis assessing efficacy with an adjusted type 1 error after 16 patients have reached Week 8 after the first dose of emapalumab.
 The primary endpoint of the study is CR (response criteria defined in Table 2) at Week 8 after first emapalumab administration. Secondary efficacy endpoints include GC tapering, survival, time to first CR, overall response (CR and partial response), time to first overall response, MAS recurrence, PK/PD profile of emapalumab, and patient-reported outcomes. Safety endpoints include assessments of adverse events, abnormal laboratory parameters, and anti-drug antibodies.
 Summary: This ongoing trial is designed to address the unmet need for new efficacious and safe therapies for the treatment of MAS.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Grom: AB2 Bio: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy. Bachir: Sobi: Current Employment. Asnaghi: Sobi: Current Employment. De Benedetti: Novimmune: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Research Funding; Sobi: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Research Funding.

 Emapalumab-lzsg is an IFN-gamma blocking antibody indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric (newborn and older) patients with primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) with refractory, recurrent, or progressive disease or intolerance with conventional HLH therapy.


Islam envisages marriage as a source of productivity and prosperity for mankind. This is a legal contract between two mature persons, thus it must be in harmony with the objectives of Islamic Shari'ah namely the protection of lineage and protection of honour. Marriage as a pivotal part of an Islamic society must fulfill the before-mentioned objectives of Shari'ah. Among other concerns regarding the matter of marriage, one of the important is the issue of child marriage. Keeping that in view, this study has analyzed whether child marriage fulfills these objectives or not or at what cost. Further, this study has figured out the opinions of four jurists of Islam regarding the issue at hand and has provided a synthesized solution.  This research has also delved into highlighting the possible factors leading to child marriage in Pakistani society, and the pros and cons of child marriage. The descriptive and analytical methodology has been used in this study. Moreover, suggestions are put forth to deal with the primary concerns of child marriage in the light of Islamic Sharia'.


Detecting the urban area from very high resolution satellite images provides very useful results for urban planning and land use analysis. Since manual detection is very time consuming and prone to errors, automated systems to detect the urban area from very high resolution satellite images are needed. Unfortunately, diverse characteristics of the urban area and uncontrolled appearance of remote sensing images (illumination, viewing angle, etc.) increase the difficulty to develop automated systems. In order to overcome these difficulties, in this study we propose a novel urban area detection method using local features and a probabilistic framework. First, we introduce four different local feature extraction methods. Extracted local feature vectors serve as observations of the probability density function to be estimated. Using a variable kernel density estimation method, we estimate the corresponding probability density function. Using modes of the estimated density, as well as other probabilistic properties, we detect urban area boundaries in the image. We also introduce data and decision fusion methods to fuse information coming from different feature extraction methods. Extensive tests on very high resolution panchromatic Ikonos satellite images indicate the practical usefulness of the proposed method.


The electrical current flow behavior was investigated for nanodomains formed in a thin congruent lithium tantalate (LiTaO3) single-crystal plate. When the nanodomains were relatively large, with diameters of about 100 nm, current flow was detected along the domain wall. However, when they were about 40 nm or smaller, the current flowed through the entire nanodomain. Schottky-like rectifying behavior was observed. Unlike the case of LiNbO3, optical illumination was not required for current conduction in LiTaO3. A clear temperature dependence of the current was found indicating that the conduction mechanism for nanodomains in LiTaO3 may involve thermally activated carrier hopping.


Discourse about the existence of God, in the realm of philosophy, included in the circle category metaphysics or also called the first philosophy. In the circle of non-Muslim philosophers, the discourse of the existence of God is elaborated by Thomas Aquinas by presenting five arguments, called cosmological propositions. As for the classical Muslim, scholar Ibn Sina appears to describe the existence of God through the argument of al-jawas or contingency which divides the form into three categories: the necessary existence (wajib al-wujud), the possible form (Mumkin al-wujud) and the impossible being (mumtani ' al-wujud). In the modern context of the twentieth century, Said Nursi elaborated philosophy of the divinity more broadly using cosmological, ontological, teleological, and intuitive arguments. Said Nursi describes all these arguments philosophically by using various illustrations. This article will discuss the philosophy of God in the perspective of Bediuzzaman Said Nursi.


The invention relates to a device for storing and delivering fluids, said fluids including a gas and a liquid, said device comprising: at least one container (1) for storing the fluids, a gas inlet (2) and a gas outlet, an inlet and an outlet for the liquid, at least one facility (8) for injecting gas into the container (1) for storing the fluids; at least one outlet facility (9) connected to the gas outlet for evacuating the compressed gas, liquid discharging means, and at least one motor group (15) comprising at least one pump (17) and at least one motor (18) for injecting the pressurised liquid into the container (1) for storing the fluids via the liquid inlet.


Power generation is a business that both satisfy industrial and consumer needs. Power generation technologies had emerged from conventional power plant which is denoted by conventional steam plant and evolved all the way to nuclear plant. While mechanical arrangements are usually unique and differ from a type of power plant compared to another, electrical assemblies are almost the same. Much anticipating factor is sizing of the electrical equipment. Among fundamental equipment that is a must have in a power plant is an electrical generator. In principle, generator is crucial equipment that needs a proper maintenance in order to produce a steady output stream. The objective of this study is to investigate partial discharge characteristics of 3 unit generators stator winding at Tanjung Bin Power Plant, Johor, Malaysia. We will compare the partial discharge characteristics of unit 10, 20 and 30 generators stator winding, respectively. Software designed by Iris LP will be used throughout these processes. The software-PDView will demonstrate graphical view of the partial discharge occurrence in the generator stator winding. Compiled data will be analyzed using Microsoft Excel in order to establish an evaluation of the generator stator winding. The analyzed results showed that all generators are in good condition.


This paper is an inquiry into the productivity on multicultural education using a list of documents retrieved from two databases of Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Philadelphia, Social Sciences Citation Index and Arts & Humanities Citation Index during the period 1956 to 2003. Scientometrics indicators relative to longitudinal production, authors and institutional productivity, journal and citations patterns are offered, which allowed a description of the international production in this educational field and to establish evaluative inferences.


If A is a minimal algebra (that is, has no proper subalgebras) then the set S2(A) of all subalgebras of A2 has a natural structure of ordered involutive monoid. This paper gives a characterization of monoids S that appear in the role of this monoid if A is finite, weakly diagonal (every subalgebra of A2 contains the graph of an automorphism of A) and has a majority term.


The 'field-consistency' paradigm is used to identify the13; difficulties faced by the 8-noded isoparametric brick element.The 3D - elasticity equations are degenerated into beam equations and from this, error models are derived for the original brick element and for the modified (field consistent) brick element. These are verified by carrying out experiments with the single element aspect ratio sensitivity test.


The present fifth edition, thoroughly revised and updated, is based on the authors' long-term experience and collaboration in teaching introductory linguistics at the University of Arizona. The success of this popular introductory linguistics text is given by the fact that it deals both with the structure of language, i.e. morphology, phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, language variation and change, and with communication and cognition. Structurally, the book is made up of two parts. The first one investigates the human language as an abstract system and deals with its numerous structural and interpretative components. It begins with a very brief introduction to linguistics and a tentative definition of linguistics [understood as the field 'concerned with the nature of language and (linguistic) communication' (p. 5)]. The second chapter focuses on morphology in terms of words, complex words, morphemes, word formation processes, inflection, derivation, neologisms, compounds and morphological analysis. The third chapter investigates phonetics and phonemic transcription, while the next chapter describes phonology—the internal and external structure of speech sounds. The fifth chapter is dedicated to syntax and discusses topics such as sentence structure, structural ambiguity, grammatical relations, anaphora and X-bar theory. Semantics is presented in the sixth chapter and students are invited to explore such issues as different kinds of meaning, meaning relations and properties, the status of deictics and proper names. The last two chapters in Part I discuss language variation (social and regional variation, standard and non-standard language and code-switching) and language change, respectively. The second part is cognitively oriented and examines the functional properties of human language. The first chapter of this part (Chapter 9) deals with pragmatics and analyses topics such as the message and the inferential model of communication, the nature of discourse, speech acts, pragmatic presupposition and speaker reference. The second chapter focuses on the psychology of language and introduces students to theories of speech production and language comprehension. The next chapter deals with child language acquisition and the stages of language development. The final chapter explores the biological side of language, i.e. the relationship between language and the brain. Some of the very intriguing topics discussed in this chapter include the way in which aphasia syndromes affect linguistic functions and the role of PET (positron emission tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) in measuring brain activity related to language.


Design by contract approach prescribes that developer should define formal and verifiable interface specifications for software components and makes it possible to automate process of software testing. We propose to adapt this approach for Extended Finite State Machines (EFSMs), which are often used in model-based development and for modeling VHDL specifications. This paper proposes an approach for automated test generation for EFSM models. Design by contract approach is applied to formalize specification requirements. Genetic algorithm is proposed to find set of values that triggers given path in the EFSM and reveals inconsistensies with the specification.


Retinoblastoma protein (pRB) is the product of a tumour‐suppressor gene (rb) mapped to chromosome 1 3q14. pRB acts as a control checkpoint at the G1 phase of the cell cycle, preventing cells from entering into the S phase. Mutational inactivation of both normal alleles leads to loss of pRB expression and the development of malignant neoplasms. Absence of pRB occurs in retinoblastomas, sarcomas and several other types of tumours. The potential role of pRB in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma is unknown, and was the subject of this investigation.


Explicit algebraic expressions needed to compute element stiffness matrices using procedural (FORTRAN) and object oriented ( C++ ) computer programs are presented. Numerical illustrations for a convex quadrilateral and a triangle with a side node are included. The wide controversy due to conventional element level approximate numerical quadrature within the computational square domain in η and ξ coordinates is completely resolved here by the closed form analytical integration within the physical element, in x and y coordinates.


The invention relates to a synthetic method of fluorine-containing aromatic compounds. The method comprises the following steps: adding aromatic compounds to a fluorination reagent in a refrigerating low-temperature closed reactor in a dropwise manner, stirring and mixing to form a fluorine salt solution, adding a diazotization reagent to the above synthesized fluorine salt solution, and standing and layering the obtained solution; and transferring a lower layer diazo liquid obtained after standing and layering to a low temperature container, heating an upper layer organic phase to a diazo salt decomposition temperature, adding the diazo liquid in the low temperature container to the heated organic phase, and carrying out a decomposition reaction to obtain a decomposed organic layer organic phase which is the corresponding fluorine-containing aromatic compounds. Use of solvents in the reaction reduces side reactions and the generation amount of tar in the reaction process and reduces the loss of hydrogen fluoride; and dropwise addition of the decomposed diazo salt is carried out, so the decomposition heat release amount is easily controlled, the operation safety is improved, the decomposition temperature is constant, the decomposition time is greatly shortened, the decomposition speed is controller, and the method is suitable for industrial production.


This work uses a 0D thermodynamic engine model coupled to a 1D surface temperature solver to study the potential of low thermal inertia thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on combustion chamber surfaces to increase the efficiency of spark ignition engines. Under ideal conditions, coating the piston crown, head, and valve faces with a TBC with a thermal inertia of 640 J/m2 K s1/2 resulted in less than a 1% relative improvement in efficiency. Despite using a low thermal inertia coating to avoid open cycle charge heating, the reduction in closed cycle heat transfer, which is the pathway to increasing efficiency, increased knock propensity. Therefore, any efficiency gain through closed cycle heat transfer reduction in spark ignition is offset by the need to retard spark timing to counter knock. An exergy analysis of completely blocking heat transfer for a 10 crank-angle degree window showed that on a low compression engine, like those used for stoichiometric gasoline spark ignition, the maximum efficiency gain achievable was limited compared to a higher compression ratio engine. Furthermore, the high gas temperatures of stoichiometric operation mean that even state-of-the-art TBCs cannot elevate surface temperatures enough purely through temperature swing to achieve a significant reduction in heat transfer near top dead center, where work availability is highest. Overall, these results indicate that low thermal inertia TBCs are ill-suited for achieving an efficiency benefit in spark ignition through a heat transfer reduction pathway. Instead spark ignition TBC research should explore ways to use low thermal inertia TBCs to achieve open cycle charge cooling to reduce knock propensity.


A new robust watermarking based on DCT domain was proposed.The algorithm takes full advantage of the local correlation of the host image pixels and the masking characteristics of the human visual system.It chose DCT blocks by comparing the value of the DCT low frequency coefficients and the amount of the nonzero DCT coefficients of each block.After the embedding process was completed,the transformation of the DCT coefficients from the frequency domain to the spatial domain produces some rounding errors,because the conversion of real numbers to integers would cause some information loss.This paper used genetic algorithm to deal with the rounding errors.The experimental results have shown that the algorithm can not only ensure the quality of the embedded image and the invisibility of the watermark,but also give robust to common image operation.


The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in sloping land is an important source of Agricultural non-point source pollution.In this research,the sloping red soil in Xiangyin county,Hunan Province was studied through a field experiment in order to discuss the effect of reducing fertilization on maize yield,the utilization ratio of fertilizer and the loss of N,P.The results showed that N,P fertilizer fluctuating within 20% of the conventional wuold not influnce maize yield very significantly.However,when fertilizer reduced to 30%,the yield of maize reduced.To some extent,the reduction of fertilizer could not only improve the N,P fertilizer efficiency and utilization,but also lower the loss of N and P,and reduce agricultural nonpoint pollution.The nitrogen runoff decresed by 12.54% to 28.68% and phosphorus decreased by 1.3% to 30.1%.Sustained-release fertilizer achieved the best effect in all sorts of processes of reducing fertilizer,and reduced agricultural non-point source pollution effectively.


A set of experiments were done in the laboratory and the exemplary base.By changing the aggregate level,water cement mix,cement dosage,additives and their weights,the relationship between these parameters and concrete characteristic was analyzed.Gas freeze-water thaw and water freeze-water thaw experiments about concrete durability were designed and carried through simulating the actual circumstances,and changes of the dynamic modulus and the weight with the freeze-thaw cycle were analysed.Based on the experiments and theoretical analyses,water-permeable eco-concrete with the functions of ravage-protecting and plant-growing has been developed.This ecological concrete has the advantages of natural water purification,realization of plant growth durability under freezing-thawing,and promotion of the natural ecological environment,such as anti-wave erosion,naturally draining off the flood,etc.


This study was carried out to determine the effect of intercropping maize with soybean on soil fertility. The study was conducted at two sites and evaluated three soybean varieties (hybrid SB19, GAZELLE a local variety, hybrid TGX1990-5F) as sole crop and intercropped with maize, with maize pure stand as control. In the intercropped plots, one row of soybean was planted after every alternate row of maize. Data collected included soil nutrient status before planting and at harvest and nodulation in soybean. Variety TGX1990-5F had significantly more nodules followed by GAZELLE and SB19 was the last in sole crop and in intercrop at Embu during long rains and short rains (p ≤ 0.05). Mwea produced more nodules compared to Embu. Intercropping maize and soybean had no effect on the number of nodules per plant both seasons.However, TGX1990-5F fixed higher N of 0.39% compared to 0.29% for SB19 in sole crop respectively between sites for the first season after harvesting. TGX1990-5F showed higher N compared to GAZELLE in intercrops between sites for the second season after harvesting. Depending on the requirement of the plants nutrients, TGX1990-5F fixed moderate N for feeding plant. However, GAZELLE showed high Organic Carbon, Potassium and Phosphorus after harvesting than other varieties in both sites and rains seasons. Thus, variety TGX1990-5F can be recomended to smallscale farmers for intercropping with maize because it produced higher nodules and fixed higher N, hence reducing the cost for N fertilizers. * Corresponding Author: Habineza M. Jean Pierre  firstname.lastname@example.com International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) ISSN: 2223-7054 (Print) 2225-3610 (Online) http://www.innspub.net Vol. 12, No. 2, p. 87-100, 2018 Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. Pierre et al. Page 88 Introduction Low soil fertility is a important constraint in agricultural production in Sub Saharan Africa. Legume promise of being a cheap alternative soil fertility owing to their ability of fixing atmospheric nitrogen (Phiri et al., 2013). However, soil characteristics can be affected positively or negatively by growth conditions of crops. Intercropping is an agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time (Lithourgidis et al., 2011). The authors also define intercropping as an old and commonly cropping system used which targets to match efficiently crop demands to the available growth resources and labor. Yield and nutrients acquisition advantages are frequently found in intercropping systems. However, there are few published reports on soil fertility in intercropping relative to monocropping (Wang et al., 2014). The stability under intercropping can be attributed to the partial restoration of diversity that is missed under sole crops. According to this statement, intercropping allows high insurance against crop failure, notably in environments known for heavy weather conditions like frost, flood, drought, and overall provides hight financial stability for farmers (Lithourgidis et al., 2011). Moreover, legumes enrich soil by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen transforming it and other mineral from an inorganic form to forms that are avaible for uptake by crops (Li et al., 2012). Biological fixation of atmospheric nitrogen can replace nitrogen fertilization fully or partially. When nitrogen fertilizer is limited, biological nitrogen fixation is the important source of nitrogen in intercropping systems (Fujita et al., 1992). In addition, because inorganic fertilizers contributed to ecosystem damage such as nitrate pollution, legumes grown in intercropping are taken as an alternative and sustainable path of bringing nitrogen in the soil into little input cost and without damage (Fustec et al., 2010). Furthermore, the green parts and roots of the legume component can decompose and provide nitrogen into the soil where it may be made available to subsequent crops. Specially, under low soil nitrogen conditions the advantages of legumes in an intercrop are greater (Fabio et al., 2017). Legumes broadly are more powerful in increasing the productivity of succeeding cereals. The carryover of nitrogen for succeeding crops may be 60-120kg in berseem (Trifolum alexadrium), 75kg in cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonolobus), 68kg in chickpea (Cicer arietinum), 54-58 kg in groundnut (Arachis hypogea) and 50-51kg in soybean (Glycina max) (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2007). In addition, apart from nitrogen, intercropping legume-cereal can allow acquisition of other nutrients such as phosphorus, potassium, sulphur and micro nutrients. Zhang et al., (2015) reported that, maize-soybean intercropping reduced use of N fertilizer per unit of area and enhanced relative biomass of intercropped maize, due to promoteded photosynthetic efficiency of bodder rows and N utilisation during symbiotic period. In addition, Ali at al., (2015) found that, maize-soybean intercropping increased soil organic carbon content, CEC, N, Ca, Mg and P level after harvesting than sole crops. Wang et al., (2014) reported that, globally, soil organic matter did not differ significantly from monocropping but did increase in maize-chickpea intercropping in two years. Soil total N did not differ between intercropping and monocropping in either year, except in maize-fababean intercropping in 2011. Intercropping reduced significantly soil Olsen-P, soil exchangeable K in both years, soil cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) in 2012 and soil p H in 2012. In the majority of cases soil enzyme activities did not differ across all the cropping systems at different P application rates compared to monocrops. However, Owusu & Sadick (2016) reported that before maize-soybean intercropping system, the soil was moderaterly slightly acid (p H=5.6), while the nitrogen was low (0.1%). They said also that, the available phosphorus was very low (4.95mg/kg). After the experiment the results showed that, some soil nutrients increased for exemple organic carbon (0.15%), phosphorus (5.25mg/kg), calcium (0.54cmol (+)/kg), sodium (0.06cmol(+)/kg) while others soil nutrients decreased like the total nitrogen (0.02%), magnesium (0.54 cmol (+)/kg) and potatium (0.12 cmol (+)/kg). In addition the same autors reported that, correlation analysis showed that, organic carbon and available phosphorus correlated positively with all parameters while nitrogen correlated positively with calcium, Int. J. Agron. Agri. R. Pierre et al. Page 89 potassium, magnesium, organic carbon, and phosphorus. Regehr (2014) reported that, soil quality improved significantily in maize-soybean intercropping than monocropping system. Intercropping resulted in higher rates of gross N mineralization than the sole crops, and the 2:3 intecrop resulted in higher rates of gross N immobilization than other treatments. Hence the research in this study for assessing the effect of intercropping maizesoybean on soil fertility at Embu and Mwea sites in Kenya. Materials and methods Description of the study sites The experiments were conducted in Embu and Mwea during two rain seasons of (2016 and 2017). KALROEmbu is located between latitudes 0゚08'35''S and a longitude 37°27′02′′ E while KALRO-Mwea is located at a latitude of 00037'S and a longitude of 37o20'E in Kenya (kirinyaga county, 2014 and Embu county, 2014). During the experiment period the rainfall was 3.21 mm and 0.007 mm at Embu and Mwea, respectively. The mean temperature and relative humidity were respectively 21.42°C and 63.54% at Mwea and 20.3°c and 64.43% at Embu (KARLO Embu and Mwea agromet services). Land preparation was done by ploughing using ox-drawn equipment. Experimental treatment and design The treatments consisted of three soybean varieties planted as monocrop or intercropped with maize as follows: l.SB19 (Hybrid), GAZELLE (Local), TGX1990-5F (Hybrid), SB19 intercropped with maize, GAZELLE intercropped with MAIZE, TGX1990-5F intercropped with MAIZE, and maize sole crop as control. Maize variety used for intercropping was DUMA 43. The spacing used was: The monocrop soybean was planted at a spacing of 40cm x 15cm, Soybean intercropped with maize: (80cm x 15cm), Monocrop maize: (80cm x 25cm), Maize intercropped with soybean: (80cm x 25cm). The arrangement of intercropping was 1:1 with one row of maize intercepted by one row of soybean. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times The experiments received a basal application of DAP at the rate of 250kg ha-1 , (Roy et al., 2006). Because of insufficient rain fall, the trials received supplement by irrigation but the situation of rain fall was drastic and so bad in the second season. Soil sampling and nutrients analysis Soil samples were collected with auger tool using zigzag method at a depth of 0-30cm and then mix different samples of the same site in order to get one sample which is homogeneous in each site and taken for analysis at Soil Chemestry laboratory, University of Nairobi for macronutrients, micronutrients and some oligo elements like Zinc, Mn, cobalt and pH. Before planting and after harvesting soil analysis for each treatment was done also in order to ensure the amount of nutrient fixed after harvesting in each plot. The soil pH was measured by using pH meter as showed Van Reeuwijk (2002). Organic carbon was assessed following the model for Walkely and Black (1934). Total organic carbon = (Vblank − V sample) x 0.3 x N x 100 Weight x 100 77 V blank = Volume of blank, V sample = Volume of sample, 0.3 = Factor, N = Normality for FeSO4. The total nitrogen was measured using kjedal method as said by (Roberts et al., 1971). %N total = Titre x 14 x Normality of acid used x volume extracted x 100 Weight of sample x 1000 x Aliquote taken in (ml) However, the available phosphorus in the soil was quantified colorimetrically using spectrophotometer as said by (Roberts et al., 1971). P ppm = GR x volume extracted Weight x 50 3 GR: Absorption, 50: Volume devel


The Red Sea has long been known as a region of high biodiversity (Stehli and Wells 1971; Berumen et al. 2013) Physiologically, marine organisms have the ability to develop unparalleled metabolites, to stay live in hard marine environments. These metabolites including a lot of novel secondary products with useful chemical and biological properties which couldn't be produced by terrestrial organisms (Blunt et al. 2009). For more than 30 years, marine natural products have attracted the attentiveness of scientists to isolate new biologically active components. Actually, of the 36 phyla of life, 34 are founded in the marine environment. The ocean represents a bushy exchequer for the discovery of potential therapeutic agents. However, despite the onerousness of ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Received: Sept. 20, 2020 Accepted: Oct. 18, 2020 Online: Oct. 24, 2020 _______________


Objective:To study the MRI diagnostic value i n pulmonary carcinoma and pulmonary benign nodules.Mate-rial and Methods :Thi rty patients with peripheral pulmonary carcinoma(17cases with adenocarcinoma ,12squamous cell carci-noma and1adenosquamous carcinoma)and12patients w ith benign nodules(8cases with tuberculoma,2hamartoma and2in-flammatory p seudotumor)were examined with pre-contrast MRI(GE Signa1.5T),and8cases were examined with postcontrast MRI after injection of Gd-DTPA.Results:The peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma (n=17)showed mild hypo-or iso-in-te nsity on T 1 WI,and hyper-intensity to mild hyper-intensity on T 2 WI (52.9%);The squamous cell carcinoma (n=4)showed iso-intensit y on T 1 WI,and mild hyper-intensity on T 2 WI;Pulmonary sulcus tumor (n=3)infiltrating the apex pulmonis pleura an d the extent of mediastinal bronchogenic carcinoma (n=6)with infiltrating the great vessels were both showed clearly on coronary MR images;The marked en hancement of 3pulmonary carcinomas were seen on enhanced images;8cases with tu-berculoma showed mild hypo-intensity or iso-intensity on T 1 WI,and mixed hyper-,iso-and hypo-intensity were seen on T 2 WI,and the thin-ring enhancement was seen on all3enhanced tuberculoma;N o specific MRI findings were found on2cases of hamartoma and2cases of inf lammatory pseudotumor.Conclusion:The MRI diagnostic value on peripheral pul- monary carcinoma was not effective,but more useful for showing the extent and diagnosis quantitatively of pulmonary sulcus tumor and mediastinal bronch ogenic carcinoma;The pre-and post-contrast MRI scanning were very effective for distinguish a tuberculoma from pulmonary carcinoma .


A single‐crystalline samples of Zn‐substituted type‐VIII clathrate Ba8Ga16Sn30 with n‐type carriers by α‐Sn flux method according to the formula Ba8Ga16ZnxSn30 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5) is grown. It is found that as the amount of Zn increases from 0.025 to 0.155, the content of Ga decreases from 15.18 to 14.72, indicating Zn atoms preferentially replacing Ga. The carrier concentrations of obtained samples vary from 3.55 × 1019 to 5.53 × 1019 cm−3 as carrier mobility changes from 14.7 to 20.9 cm2 · V−1 · s−1 at room temperature. Meanwhile, the endothermic peak temperature for all samples is approximately 519 °C, which is slightly lower than that of the previous experimental reported. For all samples, their effective mass m*/m0 are lower than that prepared by β‐Sn, indicating that the band structure near the conduction band minima is affected. As a result, the sample with x = 1.5 obtains the higher power factor with the maximum value of 1.07 × 10−3 W m−1 K−2 at 568 K and the largest ZT value of 0.63 at 537 K.


Tiny Corona has no brain but still it is very choosy, it does not infect equally to all the human population. It infects more men than women more older population than younger one. There are reasons for that. Men are on the priority list because of certain reasons; if they are bald more venerable. However, the subjects who are carrying blood group 'O' they can be spared. Bald man with blood group 'A' is worst hit. It is not yet certain but data show that sex steroid hormones and X chromosome products are able to keep this virus away besides immunity, life style, environment and genetic reasons. Strong immunity can certainly fight with this virus as it does for all infections.


Starting from the definition of the starshaped fuzzy set, this paper introduces the concept of fuzzy quasi-starshaped set and fuzzy pseudo-starshaped set. Some equivalent discrimination conditions on the kind of starshaped fuzzy sets are given by studying the key propositions of them. Furthermore, the relationships among convex fuzzy, fuzzy numbers and them are deeply researched, which enrich and perfect the theory of the starshaped fuzzy set.


Abstract Non-verbal techniques across several sensory dimensions were utilized with a brain-damaged centrally deaf 36-year-old female patient who had been referred for hypnotherapeutic relaxation. These included optical fixation on the therapist's hand with gradual thumb and forefinger closure, vibratory stimuli, light shoulder pressures, arm stroking, manually facilitated air currents, and reinforcing homework assignments. With hypnotherapy, the patient's physical and emotional behavior was reported by her to have improved to a significant degree.


The collection of Western European manuscripts gathered by Nikolai Petrovich Likhachev (1862–1936) and currently stored in the Scientific and Historical archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences (the Archive) contains, among other documents, a number of those coming from the Latin West. The vast majority of this array comes from Italy (about 5,000 documents), of which about a third are original notarial deeds. There are over 10,000 storage units related to the history of Italy in the collection of the Western European section of the Archive. The collection is divided into fonds, and the focus of this research is on the 6th collection, "Venice and its possessions", containing notarial deeds analysed by a team of scholars. These manuscripts provide information about economic and social aspects of life in the rural communes of Val d'Astico, located in Northern Vicentino. Here we describe the geographical and historical peculiarities of the region in order to place the documents in their particular context and to better understand it. All of these documents are instrumenta rather than imbreviaturae, and, at least when it comes to the deeds drawn up by Pietro di Zennaro, we can treat this set as having a certain unity. Within this study, one of our main objectives was preparation of these documents for critical publication. The source material studied here still has to be contextualized and researched in a more profound manner; however, we can clearly see now that the investigation of the deeds stored here are more than promising.


Recent works on Venus by amateur observers have dealt about topics different than the classical "UV markings". We focus here on analysis made in the strict near-infrared part of the spectrum (above 700 nm). A first section describes the specific techniques used to observe the planet (1). They attempt to calculate the rotation of Venus in near IR (2) and to identify features observed in the thermal emission from the night side (3). 1. Currents techniques to observe Venus from the ground The venusian's orbital proprieties lead to use specific techniques of observations. Observers must make profit of the best evening or morning apparitions of the "8 years cycle". The best method is to observe the planet during several hours including during daytime. Equipment used are classical amateur telescopes of diameters from 6 to 16 inches (150 to 400 mm) but a special mission has been realized by G.Monachino at the 24" cassegrain telescope of the St Véran observatory in France. Filters of 800 to 1000 nm cuton in near infrared are now commonly used with the very fast, sensitive cameras. Softwares used for analysis are mostly WinJupos and Excel. 2. The rotation of Venus in near IR The rotation of Venus in near UV is a well known topic since it has been discovered by Charles Boyer [1]. From results obtained in 2012 we have tried to calculate the rotation of the planet in near IR, to try to confirm the hypothesis that the period of rotation is longer. The mean result obtained is 4.96 +/0,4 days but with great variations following the details measured. So far, no correlation is found with the variation of speed with latitude. 3. Latest results for observations of the thermal emission (night-side IR) Observing the night side of Venus at a wavelength of 1000 nm (1 micron) when the planet present a narrow crescent phase reveals a thermal signal from the hot surface (400°C+) [2][3]. Amateurs obtained more images during the last year and thanks to WinJupos we are identifying more easily the dark patches as venusian mountains. 4. Summary and Conclusions Near IR observations of Venus offers areas of research for amateurs. Although imaging details in that band is now a common thing among observers, they seldom use the techniques describes to maximize the quality of their data. As a result, there is still room for a great progress in that area: getting accurate results of the rotation period, or making a long-term survey of features observed in near IR, that look different from that visible in near UV. In the coming years, the growing access of amateurs to larger telescopes will increase the quality of the data that can be obtained from the ground. Acknowledgements The authors thank all the observers that send to the SAF images for analysis, and the Astroqueyras association for giving time of observation at the 24" telescope [4].


Abstract The article offers a defence of business history and responds to the suggestion from Taylor et al. (2009) that it should engage more with reflexive historiography and in particular with the work of the continental philosopher, Paul Ricoeur.We argue that such an engagement would not be helpful to business history in general, and would not address the specific issue of business history's isolation from management and organisation studies.To explain why, the article uses examples from literatures in business history, general history and historiography. It concludes that although business history's achievements are significant, they are predominantly empirical and to engage more with management and organization studies, it is necessary for business history to use a wider range of perspectives to become more theoretically informed.


Abstract Styrene, which was first synthesized by Berthelot in 1866, has done much to foster the rapid growth of those two prodigious youngsters of chemical industry—synthetic rubber and plastics. P...


Back of photograph: Photo. May 28, 1934. Old Pump south of Denison Hall. Will for The Foster place bought by the College.


This study describes the teacher's strategy to instill integrated religious character in Muhammadiyah elementary school Demangan of Yogyakarta. This qualitative study research with a study case. The research data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. In this study, The research subject consisted of the principal, fifth-grade teacher, the students, and student guardians. The data validity test used the triangulation technique and sources. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The research result showed that the teacher's strategy is to instill integrated religious character in learning by integrating religious character in the entire learning components, religious character internalization, religious character habituation, and religious character role model.


In the domain of combinational logic synthesis, simplification of functions based on AND-OR logic is a well studied area. However, since many real-life combinational functions are XOR dominated, efficient AND-XOR decomposition can lead to more compact realization of such circuits [1], Amongst the AND-XOR logic expressions, although there are several classes [1] viz. RM, PPRM, FPRM, KRO, PSDKRO, GRM and ESOP, ESOPs are the most general Reed-Muller forms with interesting properties. Practically speaking, they have numerous applications in synthesis and design-for-test [3]. This work extends the originally proposed method of [1] [4], addressing the problem of ESOP minimization, by adding simple algebraic factorization operations. Besides, with new binary matrices of order '2 times n', we illustrate how to simplify even irreducible ESOP forms. We make it clear that XOR (XNOR) intensive combinational logic could effectively be implemented using five types of logic gates, namely XOR XNOR, NAND, NOR and NOT, in comparison with some of the solutions obtained in [10] [11]. The proposed synthesis solution is quantitatively evaluated on the basis of power consumption metric, after technology-mapping based on static CMOS logic style, with a 0.35 micron TSMC process technology.


Both yohimbine (0·1 to 10 μm) and phentolamine (10 μm) increased the tritium overflow evoked by electrical stimulation (2·5 Hz, 1 ms, 15 V, for 90 s every 20 min) of mouse isolated vas deferens previously incubated with (–)−[3H]noradrenaline. At their maximally effective concentrations, phentolamine (10 μm) produced an effect that was sustained over the 2 h of the experiment while the effect of yohimbine (6 μm) decreased by about 60% over the first 40 min and was then sustained at a lower level. At higher concentrations of yohimbine, the increase in evoked tritium overflow was less marked and at the highest concentration tested (30 μm) evoked overflow was reduced below the levels seen before exposure to the drug. It is concluded that at concentrations maximally effective in inhibiting the presynaptic α−adrenoceptor−mediated mechanism controlling transmitter release, the known local anaesthetic effect of yohimbine may contribute to the overall effect on evoked transmitter overflow.


We report an improved process for backside inclined lithography. The specific improvement is the combination of backside inclined exposure and glycerol medium index matching with a Parylene adhesion layer. This method allows for high aspect ratio SU-8 inclined structures with large surface contact areas on soda lime substrates for optical applications in optogenetic studies. Improved yields over the entire wafer were achieved with improved SU-8 substrate adhesion and perfect gapless contact between the masked substrate and SU-8. The surface roughness of the SU-8 structures is less than 8 nanometers, smooth enough for use as mirrors.


Neutron‐induced gamma‐ray reactions are extensively used in the nondestructive analysis of materials and other areas where the information about the chemical composition of a substance is crucial. The common technique to find the intensity of the gamma ray is to fit gamma‐ray line shape with an analytical function, for example, a Gaussian. However, the Gaussian fitting may fail if the gamma‐ray peak is Doppler‐broadened since this leads to the miscalculation of the area of the peak and, therefore, to misidentification of the material. Due to momentum considerations, Doppler‐broadening occurs primarily with gamma rays from neutron‐induced inelastic scattering reactions with light nuclei. The recoiling nucleus of interest must have excited states whose lifetimes are much smaller than the time of flight in the material. We have examined various light nuclei bombarded by 14 MeV neutrons to predict when the peak shape of a neutron‐induced gamma ray emitted from these nuclei will be Doppler‐broadened. We have f...


This paper analyses the different forms and their ef fe cts of scientific target texts. In certain social circumstances, different forms meet some categories of readers. Different methods of translation reveal the variation in the macro and micro structures.


This research aims to explore the complexity inherent in the physical mass of cities—specifically in the materials that are stored within buildings and infrastructure. There is an important link between stocked materials and urban sustainability, particularly related to better understanding the resource requirements for the maintenance and growth of cities. This research explores materials stocked in Japanese cities, using a database with detailed GIS data of materials stored in buildings and roads at a resolution of one square kilometer. The analysis focuses on a single year, 2009 for buildings and 2010 for roads, and it includes two primary investigations: 1) urban scaling analyses to explore relationships between mass stocked, urban population, and other variables; and 2) non-parametric kernel estimations to better understand influential factors contributing to per-capita mass values. Results show a linear scaling relationship between mass stocked in buildings and urban area population, as well as a sublinear scaling relationships between mass stocked in roads, urban area population, and land area. The non-parametric kernel estimations revealed population density as a potentially influential factor. Introduction Cities are complex systems with a variety of interacting agents, resource inputs, and internal processes, all of which combine to create complex economies, cultures, and built environments. The overall objective of the research is to explore the complexity inherent in materials stocked in Japanese cities; that is, the mass of materials stored in all the buildings and infrastructure that make up the built environment. This could allow researchers to make further links to physical infrastructure growth and the mass of cities, which has implications for urban resources requirements and sustainability. One way to explore the complexity in cities is through urban scaling analysis. Urban scaling relationships are observed as the slope of a log-log plot between city size (i.e., population) and other indicators, such as crime rates, GDP, length of infrastructure, and household electricity consumption, for all cities in a given country or region. This determines the scaling exponent, b, for a given indicator, Y, determined for cities with populations N (Equation 1). While urban scaling is empirically observed in countries around the world, there is also a theoretical foundation for the phenomenon rooted in the understanding that cities are networks of social interactions (see Bettencourt1).


A novel stepwise thresholding method for fuzzy image segmentation is proposed. Unlike the published iterative or recursive thresholding mehtods, this method segments regions into sub-regions iteratively by increasing threshold value in a stepwise manner, based on a preset intensity homogeneity criteria. The method is particularly suited to segmentation of the laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images, computerised tomography (CT) images, magnetic resonance (MR) images, fingerprint images, etc. The method has been tested on some typical fuzzy image data sets. In this paper, the novel stepwise thresholding is first addressed. Next a new method of region labelling for region extraction is introduced. Then the design of intensity homogeneity segmentation criteria is presented. Some examples of the experiment results of fuzzy image segmentation by the method are given at the end.


As more and more families move around, people begin to think about who they are and where they come from. This assembly explores those themes


Aiming at the problem of big data security and privacy protection in smart grid,the key technologies of big data security and privacy protection in the current smart grid are reviewed. In accordance with the technology route for privacy-preserving big data analysis and mining in smart grid,a kind of privacy-preserving schemes for association rule mining is proposed. It adopts simple addition secret sharing scheme to encrypt meter data and send them to the trusted third party. The sum of the meter data is achieved by secure aggregation protocol,and the support and confidence of association rule are computed by secure multiparty computation. The privacy-preserving big data mining makes the electric power company to improve the quality of service under the premise of not disclosing customer privacy information.


Cytonemes facilitate the formation of morphogen gradients by transferring signaling proteins from producing to receiving cells. This Presentation focuses on how morphogen signaling proteins disperse across developmental fields. Although the steady-state distributions of morphogen signaling proteins have been described well in a number of contexts, the mechanisms that generate these distributions have remained uncertain. Results presented here show that these proteins transfer from producing to target cells at points of direct contact, even when the producing and target cells are not immediate neighbors.


ABSTRACT Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered one of the most commonly used nanoparticles due to its broad antimicrobial activity. However, the toxic effects of nanoparticles on normal cells and living organs are still not fully determined. Objectives: the present study was designed to investigate the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on liver, kidneys, brain and spleen in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms behind it. Material and Methods: 16 male mice from local strain were randomly classified into (1) control group (2) silver nanoparticles treated group; mice were orally administered AgNPs (1mg/kg/day) for 28 days. Biochemical analysis for serum levels of liver transaminases, urea and creatinine, lipid peroxides, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and TNF-α were done in addition to histopathological examination for the four organs. Results: silver nanoparticles treated group showed significantly elevated serum levels of liver transaminases, urea and creatinine together with significant high levels of lipid peroxides and TNF-α with significant decrease in serum levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity. Histopathology of the organs revealed tissue damages in AgNPs treated group evidenced by disturbed organ architecture, congestion, increased inflammatory cells with signs of necrosis. Conclusion: administration of silver nanoparticles produced remarkable toxic effects to the liver, kidneys, brain and spleen of mice, probably via activation of oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in these organs.


A poly(ethylene oxide) urethane and a model-compound of hard segment(HD) were prepared in this study. Solid polymer electrolytes were got from the blends of polyurethane, HD and NaClO4. The samples were characterized by mean of FT-IR and AFM. Effects of salt concentration on ion-polymer interaction and further on morphologic structure of the composites were investigated and some interesting results were obtained. The results show that HD and concentration of NaClO4 have an important effect on ion-polymer interaction and morphologic structure of the complex. It is also found that in AFM pictures of the samples there is a transition point and ion-polymer interaction of the polyurethane/salt systems play an extremely important role on morphologic structure.


Objective To evaluate the writing quality of PBL teaching case in medical nursing and to provide fundamental basis for the promotion of PBL teaching. Methods The evaluation questionnaire of preparation of quality of medical nursing PBL teaching case were used by ten nurse specialists to evaluate ten PBL teaching cases. Results The quality of medical nursing PBL teaching case was very high. The score of the case of the chilling advertisement on selling kidney in hospital was the highest, with highest interests but lower validity. Conclusions The mature medical nursing PBL teaching case are less now, so, the nurse educators should surn up domestic and foreign experiences on PBL teaching to improve the quality of cases.

Key words:
Medical nursing; PBL teaching; Case; Writing quality; Evaluation


Flash sintering has attracted much attention as a useful sintering technique that is able to lower the sintering furnace temperature and shorten the sintering time. To further improve this original fl ash sintering technique, we have developed a technique to facilitate shrinkage at a constant shrinkage rate by controlling the power dissipation during a fl ash state, which is termed as shrinkage-controlled fl ash (SCF) sintering. Here, we combine this SCF sintering method with a rapid furnace heating process to shorten the entire sintering process time. Accordingly, we succeed in sintering 3 mol % Y 2 O 3 -doped ZrO 2 (3YSZ) polycrystals with a high density of 6.05 g / cm 3 and a uniform grain size of approximately 0.47 ¯ m with a short sintering time of approximately 40 min. The obtained 3YSZ polycrystals are con fi rmed to exhibit a Vickers hardness and fracture toughness [by an indentation fracture method] of approximately 1295 HV and 5.3 MPa m 1 / 2 , respectively.


One of the groups most at risk for developing burnout syndrome is constituted by health workers. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and its dimensions, as well as the sociodemographic and labor variables, in nurses and doctors of medical health institutions of the 1 province of Ecuador. A sample of 166 health proffesionals (69.49% women, mean age = 38.0 years) was selected. A variety of instruments to collect information on socio-demographic, work and burnout syndrome were used. A prevalence of 4.2% for the burnout syndrome was found. Regarding the burnout dimensions, a prevalence of 26.5% for high emotional fatigue, 25.9% for high despersonalization, and 42.2% for low personal fulfillment at work were found. Professionals with higher burnout were a professional the what had an experience of more than 12 years medical staff; with working hours more than eight a day, assisting more than 18 patients a day. The results of this research will allow us to develop an improvement in health regulations in order to ensure the occupational health of these professionals.


This species, like Trypanosoma brucei and T. is characterised by showing two distinct forms—the long and slender, and the short and stumpy. These are not sharply divided from one another, but are connected by intermediate forms, so as to form an unbroken series, or curve, from the shortest to the longest. This strain of the trypanosome was obtained from a native woman suffering from " Kaodzera," the so-called Sleeping Sickness of Nyasaland.


ABSTRACT In this work, we have successfully fabricated Sr-doped porous LaFeO3 samples via sol–gel method. The results reveal that Sr2+ cation is effectively doped into LaFeO3 crystal lattice substituting La3+ cation. The visible light catalytic performance of the materials was evaluated by the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and Rhodamine B (RhB). The amount-optimized Sr-doped porous LaFeO3 sample exhibited outstanding visible-light catalytic performance for the degradation of the model pollutants compared to the porous LaFeO3 alone. The enhanced performance was accredited to the enlarged surface area, absorption extension via the surface states of the introduced Sr2+ below the conduction band bottom of LaFeO3, and promoted charge carrier's separation as confirmed by various experiments. Experiments of radical trapping reveal that •OH species are dominant intermediate oxidants involved in the oxidation of 2,4-DCP and RhB over the optimized sample. This research will provide new routes for environmental remediation based on the LaFeO3 semiconductor.


In order to improve the fermentation process of natamycin by Streptomyces lydicus A02, the main parameters for the fed batch fermentation are optimized. The range of suitable pH values is screened by an assisted optimization using a shaker with the function of automatic feeding to regulate pH values. Then the experiments in 30 L fermentor are carried out by controlling pH values within the suitable range as the main regulation point. The relationship between the natamycin yields and the fermentation parameters is obtained through the software Biostar 5.0. It is shown that the optimized parameter combination for the fed batch fermentation of natamycin by S. lydicus A02 is as follows: The culture temperature is 30℃, the pH value is 6.25-6.29, the DO is 20%-30%, the OUR is 25-15 mmol/(L·h), the CER is 20-12 mmol/(L·h), the amino-N is 0.20-0.23 g/L, and the reducing sugar remains at about1.5% in 88 h then drops gradually to 0.32% at 112 h, the end of fermentation, when the natamycin yield is up to 2.02 g/L in the supernatant and 6.98 g/L in the total fermented broth. It can be concluded that the fermentation level of natamycin by S. lydicus A02 could be increased effectively by the optimization of the main fermentation parameters.


ABSTRACT Considerable documentation, tools, and manuals are available to aid catalogers, but without some guidance, many have no idea how to use these shelves of reference guides and manuals. This bibliography is intended as a guide to the information and resources available to assist the cataloger in cataloging. The availability of each resource is given (including online availability), along with a brief summary of the type of information that each resource contains.


Energetiq's EUV light sources are the industry standard source for EUV infrastructure RD, inspection, resist development, outgassing, mirror testing, and more. The Electrodeless Z-Pinch EUV Source is a reliable and stable source of EUV photons and is being operated in the field 24/7 with consistent operation over many years. This video focuses on Energetiq's EQ-10HP light source. For product information visit www.energetiq.com or email email@example.com to discuss your application.


Uric acid is generated in the xanthine/hypoxanthine reactions catalyzed by xanthine oxiodreductase (XOR) as the end‐product of purine degradation. The purpose of the first study was to determine the effects of allopurinol and inosine on XOR activity and gene expression in liver and kidney tissue. In the first study, Cobb x Cobb (n=15; 5weeks old) were separated into three treatments (n=5); control (CON), INO (inosine at .6M/kg feed), or INOAL (inosine and allopurinol 50mg/kgBW). Liver uric acid concentrations were reduced (p< 0.05). There was a significant (p 蠄 0.05) increase in XOR gene expression in the liver tissue of INOAL birds compared to CON and INO groups. There was no difference in XOR expression between treatments in kidney tissue. The purpose of the second study was to assess mitochondrial function. Cobb x Cobb broilers (n=12; 4 weeks old) were separated into two treatments (n=6); control (CON) and AL (allopurinol 35mg/kg BW). Mitochondria were freshly isolated from liver tissue and assessed for State III and State IV respiration using polarography. There was a reduction in State III respiration (p=0.01) and State IV respiration (p=0.007) in allopurinol‐treated birds compared to the control. Lowered uric acid in the liver can increase oxidative stress within this tissue subsequently resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and an upregulation of XOR gene expression.


Gamma ray spectroscopy is the chief experimental technique of atomic and molecular physics and studies the high energy photons which are characteristic of the specific initial- and final- state nuclear energy levels, from radioactive decays. In this review we reveal that the principle, instrumentation and applications of Gamma ray


Handmade art encompasses various forms of handicraft art created by humans, including knitting. Knitting is a needlework activity that utilizes thread and hook needles. It encompasses different techniques such as embroidery, weaving, crocheting, and knitting itself. Additional activities like lacework, quilting, embroidery, needlepoint, and rugs are also considered part of the knitting realm. Although knitting and crochet are sometimes used interchangeably, they have distinct meanings. Crochet can be created using either manual or mechanical methods, employing a special hook needle to create desired shapes by hooking the thread under the previous loops. Crochet work is known for its textured appearance, with the texture varying depending on the stitches used. Examples of crochet stitches include chains, single crochet, half double crochet, double crochet, treble crochet, double trebles, slip stitch, blocks, picots, cross stitch, clusters, knots stitch, and popcorn stitch.


This study aimed to investigate the soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and soil organic matter (SOM) composition in conventional rotational cropping with mineral fertilization compared with organic cover cropping with and without composted manure addition during 2008–2018 to specify the SOM stabilization under different farming systems. The SOC proportion in particulate organic matter (POM) (63–2000 µm) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) (<63 µm) fractions were estimated in different treatments, and the SOM composition in the fractions was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The SOC sequestration rate was treatment-dependent, with the higher SOC sequestration rate (1.26 Mg ha−1 y−1) in the organic treatment with cover crop and composted manure. Across all treatments, 57.3%–77.8% of the SOC stock was in the MAOM fraction. Mineral N fertilization increased POM-C concentration by 19%–52% compared with the unfertilized control. Under the organic treatments, the POM-C concentration was 83%–95% higher than the control. The MAOM-C concentration increased by 8%–20%. The mineral N fertilization and organic treatments (with and without cover crops and composted manure) increased the SOC stock proportion of POM. The highest proportion of SOC stock related to POM was in the cover cropping system, reducing the proportion of C related to the MAOM fraction, but the addition of composted manure with cover cropping also increased the proportion of C in MAOM. Compared with MAOM, the POM had a less resistant organic matter composition, and the POM resistance was higher in organic than conventional treatments. In general, the recalcitrance of SOM increased with SOC concentration. The POM fraction had higher aromaticity (or degree of decomposition) than the MAOM fraction. The aromaticity in POM and MAOM fractions was higher in the organic farming system and depended on mineral N fertilization and cover cropping, but the effect of manure was not significant. Although the SOC sequestration rate was higher under manure addition, resulting in the highest formation of both POM and MAOM in the soil, manure addition had little effect on overall SOM composition compared with cover crops.


Abstract The strucature of liquid crystals to some extent can be understood as mesophases (C. Hermann). Unfortunately, by the statistical group theory only a small number of partially amorphous, partially crystalline structures (so-called a,z-structures) can be described. It is shown that the concept of paracrystals not only contains more of such "a,z-structures" but a large variety of more or less distored lattices, which are not of the a,z-type. This is illustrated by Rraunhofer patterns with a He-Ne-Laser of two-dimensional models of paracrystallilne point structrues. Some further examples of solids with paracrystalline lattices on the atomic and colloidal scale are given.


The Length at first capture for Bonga in Nigeria inshore water was investigated. The selectivity study was done by comparing the catches of gill net with the catches of purse seine net operating in the same area. The length at first capture (Lc) is 21cm, the length at which 75% is retained is 21.7cm while the maximum retentive length (Lm) is 22cm. Bonga grows out of selection range by virture of large size at a total length greater than 23cm (Ld). LC and Lm correspond to age group of 2 and 3 years respectively. This implies that young of the year and one year age cohorts are not recruited into the fishery. Closed season and area in Nigeria inshore waters alone has no conservative effect on inter E.E.Z's migratory species like Bonga. Closed season and area in the lagoon, estuary, and creeks are suggested to protect the juveniles in their nursery grounds as well as the use of gillnet with mesh size >70 mm in the inshore water.


BACKGROUND
 The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting abrupt changes in daily life and ways of learning has had a significant impact on university students, especially on their mental health. However, little is known on how to prevent and/or reduce its impact to date. Prior to COVID, some studies have shown that online stress management programs were successful enough to improve students' mental health and stress adjustment strategies, suggesting that these interventions should be further developed during the pandemic.

 OBJECTIVE
 Our study explored the effects of an online self-help program which targeted stress management and learning.

 METHODS
 A non-randomized controlled study was initially conducted with 204 university students. Our final sample is composed of 67 participants distributed in two groups, the intervention group (participants who took part to the full program) and the control group (participants who did not take part in the program). The variables measured were: anxiety and depressive symptoms (HADS), academic burnout (MBI-SS), learned helplessness (LHQ), and coping strategies (Brief-COPE). Measurements were performed at the baseline (T0) and at 8 weeks (T1) after the baseline.

 RESULTS
 Means comparisons between T0 and T1 show in the intervention group a reduction in anxiety symptoms (d = .67), use of substance to cope with stress (d = .93) and learned helplessness (d = .53), which is not observed in the control group.

 CONCLUSIONS
 Our pilot study reports promising effects of our online self-help program combining stress and learning on students' psychological state. In the future, further research effort will be needed to confirm the beneficial effect of this type of program on university students.


This study aimed to describe the influence of the use of internet toward learning achievement of fashion design, the use of internet, and  learning achievement of fashion design. This study was ex-post, facto.Student research subjects SMK N 4 Yogyakarta. Data colleting methods used questionnaires and documentation. Data analyzing methods used descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing by using Product Moment that was started by normality and linearity test.  This study shows that the use of internet was in enough category with the percentage 64.29% and learning achievement of fashion design was in high category with relative frequency 62.86%. Based on the result of Product Moment, the score of rxy was 0,518. The score of r table in the significant level 5% for total respondents 70 was 0.235 (rxy 0,518 > r table 0,235). It could be stated there was a positive and significant influence of the use of internet toward learning achievement of fashion design. The determinant coefficient (R2) was 0.268, it means that the use of internet gave contribution for about 26.8%, while 73.2% was influenced by other factors Key words: the use of internet, learning achievement of fashion design.


In a legal comparison between America, England and New Zealand this book demonstrates the Judiciary´s struggle to retain its constitutional role as guardians of the rule of law in times of war and crisis, while not curtailing the necessary latitude of the Executive when dealing with matters of national security. It carves out the reasons for Judiciary´s hestitation regarding more drastic judgments and defines the required collaboration between the branches of each constitution for a necessary approach of the matter. America, as it was the first target of the new era of terror and its constitutionally strong Judiciary. England as part of the United Kingdom, its parliamentary constitutional concept and the influence of the accedence in a Union of civil law countries. Finally New Zealand, arguably one of the countries of the modern world with the weakest form of judicial review. The book provides a review of selected jurisdiction enacted during the World Wars and the current "War" against terror, based on executive measures such as indefinite detention without trial, restriction of movement or deportation of undesirable foreign nationals, violating human rights at its core.


AbstractIn situ mobility reduction resulting from the addition of water-soluble polymers to subsurface remedial fluid formulations has the potential to significantly improve the delivery and subsurface distribution of remediation agents within heterogeneous contaminated aquifer systems. However, the increased viscosity, non-Newtonian rheology, competing retention and acceleration mechanisms, and the potential for these fluids to reduce media permeability because of mechanical filtration of these large polymer molecules complicate treatment design calculations and often necessitate numerical simulation for purposeful evaluation and application of this technology. In this paper, laboratory and computational methods are presented that were used to characterize bulk fluid and porous media transport properties of xanthan gum biopolymer-amended fluids for the purpose of facilitating numerical simulation. A detailed discussion of polymerized fluid transport mechanisms and input parameters for simulating polymer ...


President Emeritus, Judge Warren continues to serve Of Counsel to the NCSC and direct several major NCSC projects. Judge Warren also serves as Scholar-in-Residence at the California Supreme Court and Chair of the Board of Directors of Justice at Stake, a non-partisan coalition of state and national organizations working to keep our nation's courts fair, impartial, and independent. He previously served as a judge on v Foreword In 2002 the Crime and Justice Institute (CJI) entered into a cooperative agreement with the National Institute of Corrections (NIC) to implement an initiative entitled Implementing Effective Correctional Management of Offenders in the Community: An Integrated Model. The Initiative's implementation model is based on the premise that implementation of evidence-based practices must be integrated with the development of organizational capacity, collaboration, political engagement strategies, and evaluation research. In 2004, NIC and CJI began work to enhance the collaborative component of the model by developing a series of white papers designed to share information with criminal justice system stakeholders about how the implementation of evidence-based practices and a focus on recidivism reduction affects various criminal justice components. The complete set of papers will address the following topics: pretrial services, judiciary, prosecution, defense, jail, prison, and treatment. In the fall of 2006 CJI partnered with (NCSC) to produce this white paper on evidence based practices for state judiciaries. Criminal sentencing is one of the most important, and time-consuming, judicial responsibilities. A NCSC survey of state chief justices conducted in early 2006 found that the top concerns of state trial judges hearing felony cases included the high rates of recidivism among felony offenders, the ineffectiveness of traditional probation supervision and other criminal sanctions in reducing recidivism, restrictions on judicial discretion that limited the ability of judges to sentence more fairly and effectively, and the absence of effective community corrections programs. The survey also found that the state chief justices believed that the most important sentencing reform objective facing the state courts was to improve public safety and reduce recidivism through expanded use of evidence-based practices and programs, including offender risk and needs assessment tools. In this white paper the author discusses the implications of principles of evidence-based practice to reduce recidivism for state judiciaries. The paper discusses how diligent application of those principles to state sentencing practices, processes, and policies can restore much-needed balance to our current sentencing systems—sentencing systems that have swung from one extreme …


Plastics are widely used in every part of life. Microplastics (MPs) are classified as emerging contaminants in nature. Yet, microplastic transportation parameters in groundwater are not characterized well. In this study, microplastic transport in saturated homogeneous media was investigated. For this purpose, one-dimensional column tests were performed using the fluorescent and microplastic tracers to figure out the hydrodynamic conditions for the microplastic transport. Large silica, small silica, sand, and coarse gravel were the tested media. The hydrodynamic transport parameters were calculated by inverse solution methodology using the experimental and the analytical solution results. Only the coarse gravel medium with a minimum 1 mm and maximum 20 mm (5 mm of median) pore sizes and kinematic porosity 40.2% were found to be suitable for the transport of the used polyethylene (PE) whose particle size was between 200 and 500 µm. It is not possible to transport PE particles of selected size from fine-grained media. Transportation occurred in coarse-grained media such as coarse gravel. The calculated dispersivity values for the coarse gravel were 2.58 and 3.02 cm by using fluorescent and PE tracers, respectively. The experiments showed that the used PE particles cannot be transported if the mean flow velocity is lower than 2.02 cm/min in the coarse gravel medium. The microplastic accumulation might be an issue for an actual aquifer rather than the transportation of it considering the actual groundwater flow velocity is generally much lower.


EKA WIDIYASTUTIK. Economic Value of National Movement on Forest and Land Rehabilitation (GERHAN) Results in Sub DAS Tirto, Jawa Tengah. Supervised by HARIADI KARTODIHARDJO and BRAMASTO NUGROHO. One of the efforts to improve the decreasing function of forest and land is by conducting national movement on forest and land rehabilitation (GERHAN). GERHAN is one kind of investments, like another investment there always an expectation of benefits from the result of its. The objective of this study were to elaborate total economic value of GERHAN results in Sub DAS Tirto and to determine the variables which influence to the failure of GERHAN. Total economic value was calculated by using the market price, replacement cost and contingency valuation methods and it was based on estimating direct use, indirect use, and non use value (option and existence value). The result was obtained that the total economic value of 1463 ha rehabilitation land in Sub DAS Tirto is Rp 331.223.929.621 in 15 years analysis periods (rotation of cutting wood trees) with a 15% rate of interest or Rp 15.093.367/ha/year. From these benefits are share 92,21% by direct benefits, 6,64% by indirect benefits and 1,15% non use value. These benefits were obtained from percentage of rehabilitation trees growth 88% for wood tree and 85% for multi purpose tree species (MPTS). Some variables that influence to failure of GERHAN were farmer participation in rehabilitation planning, marketing products, incentive of rehabilitation and the integrated implementation rehabilitation with land use direction. Key word : Sub DAS Tirto, GERHAN (national movement on forest and land rehabilitation), economic value


Two results about the behaviour of a group of agents in multi-agent systems using cyclic pursuit are provided.Linear cyclic pursuit law and nonlinear pursuit law are discussed respectively.Under stable linear pursuit law,if the arrangement of the initial positions of all agents is in a specified formation,then each agent will converge to an equilibrium point following a certain track and all agents will remain the same formation.Under stable nonlinear pursuit law,all the agents will remain a specified property when they reach the equilibrium state.Simulation experiments verify the results.


It's good news that Mike Davis has written a new book about Los Angeles! He is joined by Jon Wiener; both have been scholar-activists since the early days of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)...


We study the notions of strongly convex function as well as F-strongly convex function. We present here some new integral inequalities of Jensen's type for these classes of functions. A refinement of companion inequality to Jensen's inequality established by Matić and Pečarić is shown to be recaptured as a particular instance. Counterpart of the integral Jensen inequality for strongly convex functions is also presented. Furthermore, we present integral Jensen-Steffensen and Slater's inequality for strongly convex functions.


Low heating efficiency, unbalanced three-phase power, poor utilization ratio of rated capability of the electric apparatus employed at each oil well are the main problems in the single-phase power induction technique with hollow pumping rod for development of viscous and high-solidifying oil deposits. The medium-frequency induction heater proposed in this paper can be used to solve the above problems. The frequency of the new heater can be continuously adjusted from 500 Hz to 8 kHz and the maximum output power is 200 kW. The structure, operation principle, performance and application of the new induction heater are introduced in the paper.


6-DOF motion system capabilities on the field of simulation are becoming increasingly common. Regardless of the variety of kinematic configurations and structures, a kinematic model of the motion system has to be developed in order to determine the translational and rotational joint movements required to achieve a specified position and orientation of the missile relative to the point simulated. A generic and unified model is developed in this study as a viable alternative to the particular solutions that are only applicable to individual system configurations. Based on multi-body kinematics, each axis of the 6-DOF motion system is modeled using homogeneous coordinate transformation and small angle approximation. By synthesizing the system's parametric errors, an approach to model the effects of the positioning errors of a system's axes on the accuracy of the missile in its work space is developed. The developed versatile model makes the 6-DOF motion system model manageable and understandable


This paper introduces a formal architecture for on-board diagnosis, prognosis and recovery called ARPHA. ARPHA is designed as part of the ESA/ESTEC study called VERIFIM (Verification of Failure Impact by Model checking). The goal is to allow the design of an innovative on-board FDIR process for autonomous systems, able to deal with uncertain system/environment interactions, uncertain dynamic system evolution, partial observability and detection of recovery actions taking into account imminent failures. We show how the model needed by ARPHA can be built through a standard fault analysis phase, finally producing an extended version of a fault tree called EDFT; we discuss how EDFT can be adopted as a formal language to represent the needed FDIR knowledge, that can be compiled into a corresponding Dynamic Decision Network to be used for the analysis. We also discuss the software architecture we are implementing following this approach, where on-board FDIR can be implemented by exploiting on-line inference based on the junction tree approach typical of probabilistic graphical models.


In a modular supply chain, coordination between module producers is often ensured by a leading firm, which plays the role of architect role. This article questions the relevance of a pure architect strategy where a non-producer is in charge of coordinating modules. A firm's success relies on attaining two objectives: technological efficiency and competitive position. The Airbus case shows that a pure architect strategy can ensure technological efficiency, but the architect's competitive position is weakened by this strategy. Firms in architect positions must develop complementary strategies, namely the production of a critical module like Airbus, and keep in-house certain strategic competences in-house. By introducing strategic issues, this article aims to overcome the purely technological view of firm's efficiency in a modular supply chain. JEL L22, L23, L93, D23, O33.