Abstract : The original aim of the study was to determine whether mass communication materials could be used to study the social structure and social processes in Communist China. The method of inquiry was computerized content analysis. Articles were coded according to a systematically constructed scheme. The result of the study on mass communication demonstrated the fruitfulness of this approach. In addition to revealing previously little known facts about the mass communications system itself, the study examined the relationship between the press and society. (Author)


Abstrack This research aims to determine: (1) the effect of perception about teaching profession as the interest of being a teacher in Office Administration Education of FKIP UNS students; (2) the effect of peers as the interest of being a teacher in Office Administration Education of FKIP UNS students; (3) the effect of perceptions related to teaching profession and peers as the interest of being a teacher in Office Administration Education of FKIP UNS students. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. The populations of this research are college students of Office Administration Education FKIP UNS class of 2016-2018 with proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The results of this research are: (1) there is a negative and significant effect of perception about teaching profession as the interest of being a teacher in Office Administration Education of FKIP UNS students tcount 3.661 (α=0,05); (2) there is a positive and significant effect of peers as the interest of being a teacher in Office Administration Education of FKIP UNS students tcount 6.644 (α=0,05); (3) there is a significant effect of perception about teaching profession and peers as the interest of being a teacher in Office Administration Education of FKIP UNS students Fcount 23.668 (α=0,05).


The article briefly describes the lithochemical features of sandstones and clayey rocks of Mashak Formation (Southern Urals), a second synrift volcano-sedimentary association in Riphean stratotype. It is shown that the sandstones of the Mashak Formation are characterised by wide variations in the bulk chemical composition (from greywacke to quartz arenite). The presence of the latter, as well as a relatively small proportion of arkoses and subarkoses,distinguishes the second synrift association from the first one (the Ai Formation, Lower Riphean). There is no overlap in between the Mashak's and Ai's psammites on the diagram log(SiO2/Al2O3)–log(Na2O/K2O) of F. J. Pettijon and co-authors. It indicates significant differences in provenances and common features of accumulation of the Mashak and Ai formations. On the basis of bulk chemical composition, the clayey rocks of the Mashak Formation are related to smectite (with kaolinite and illite admixture) clays and their chlorite-smectiteillite varieties. The clayey rocks of the Ai Formation differ by lower values of total normative alkalinity (0.27 ± 0.06 vs. 0.42 ± 0.07). It is established that sandstones and clayey rocks of the Mashak Formation contain a significant proportion of the "first-cycle material", i. e. they are composed mainly by products that have passed one sedimentation cycle. As opposite, there is a significant proportion of "second-cycle/lithogenic material" of the first synrift sandstones association (the Ai Formation). The high K2O/Na2O values, which are characterised for a halfstudied samples of the Mashak Formation, indicate that they were influenced by processes of potassium metasomatism. The distribution of data points of terrigenous rock of the Mashak Formation on diagram F1—F2 (Roser and Korsch, 1988) displays that they are composed by products of erosion of acid, average or mafic igneous and/or metamorphic rocks. The individual data points of Mashak Formation terrigenous rocks, as well as sandstone compositionmidpoint, are localised in the areas of riftogenic and collisional settings on the DF1—DF2 diagram (Verma and Armstrong-Altrin, 2013). It does not allow us to define their paleogeodynamic settings. In such a manner, the a critical role, traditionally, remains on general geological data and petrogeochemical characteristics of igneous rocks.


An aqueous completion or workover fluid for oil or gas wells having at least two solid components. One component is a hydroxy containing aluminum compound represented by the formula AlO(OH).xH2O. The second component is a fluid loss control agent which can be either a cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol or a cross-linked hydroxyalkyl cellulose reaction product. An acid soluble weighting agent can be added for wells having higher down hole pressures. Examples of the weighting agents include iron carbonates, iron oxides, calcium carbonates, dolomite, sodium or calcium chloride, zinc bromide and calcium bromide. After use, the fluid can be displaced from the well with acid, e.g. 15% HCl, and the cake previously deposited on the bore-hole wall is dissolved by the acid so that no damaging residue remains.


Abstract We report the epitaxy of n-Ge layer by in situ P-doping MOCVD with tertiary-butyl-germane and tri-ethyl-phosphine precursors for the first time. The crystalline and electrical properties were investigated in detail. The electron concentration of P-doped Ge epitaxial layer is measured by Hall effect and the Hall electron concentration is achieved as high as 1.810 cm at a growth temperature of 350 C.


This fall I worked in EV3 within NASA's Johnson Space Center in The HIVE (Human Integrated Vehicles & Environments). The HIVE is responsible for human in the loop testing, getting new technologies in front of astronauts, operators, and users early in the development cycle to make the interfaces more human friendly. Some projects the HIVE is working on includes user interfaces for future spacecraft, wearables to alert astronauts about important information, and test beds to simulate mock missions. During my internship I created a prototype for T-38 aircraft displays using LabVIEW, learned how to use microcontrollers, and helped out with other small tasks in the HIVE. The purpose of developing a prototype for T-38 Displays in LabVIEW is to analyze functions of the display such as navigation in a cost and time effective manner. The LabVIEW prototypes allow Ellington Field AOD to easily make adjustments to the display before hardcoding the final product. LabVIEW was used to create a user interface for simulation almost identical to the real aircraft display. Goals to begin the T-38 PFD (Primary Flight Display) prototype included creating a T-38 PFD hardware display in a software environment, designing navigation for the menu's, incorporating vertical and horizontal navigation bars, and to add a heading bug for compass controls connected to the HSI (Horizontal Situation Indicator). To get started with the project, measurements of the entire display were taken. This enabled an accurate model of the hardware display to be created. Navigation of menu's required some exploration of different buttons on the display. The T-38 simulator and aircraft were used for examining the display. After one piece of the prototype was finished, another trip of to the simulator took place. This was done until all goals for the prototype were complete. Some possible integration ideas for displays in the near future are autopilot selection, touch screen displays, and crew member preferences. Complete navigation, control, and function customization will be achievable once a display is fully developed. Other than the T-38 prototyping, I spent time learning how to design small circuits and write code for them to function. This was done by adding electronic circuit components to breadboard and microcontroller then writing code to speak to those components through the microcontroller. I went through an Arduino starter kit to build circuits and code software that allowed the hardware to act. This work was planned to assist in a lighting project this fall but another solution was discovered for the lighting project. Other tasks that I assisted with, included hands on work such as mock-up construction/removal, logic analyzer repairs, and soldering with circuits. The unique opportunity to be involved work with NASA has significantly changed my educational and career goals. This opportunity has only opened the door to my career with engineering. I have learned over the span of this internship that I am fascinated by the type of work that NASA does. My desire to work in the aerospace industry has increased immensely. I hope to return to NASA to be more involved in the advancement of science, engineering, and spaceflight. My interests for my future education and career lie in NASAs work - pioneering the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research.


The performance of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) depends on its hyperparameters, like the number of layers, kernel sizes, or the learning rate for example. Especially in smaller networks and applications with limited computational resources, optimisation is key. We present a fast and efficient approach for CNN architecture selection. Taking into account time consumption, precision and robustness, we develop a heuristic to quickly and reliably assess a network's performance. In combination with Bayesian optimisation (BO), to effectively cover the vast parameter space, our contribution offers a plain and powerful architecture search for this machine learning technique.


Erbium dinickel disilicide, ErNi2Si2, crystallizes in the tetragonal ThCr2Si2 structure type, which is an ordered superstucture of the BaAl4 type. The coordination numbers are 22 for Er (2a site), 12 for Ni (4d site), and 9 for Si (4e site).


Rev. Kelly Childress: A lot of people ask that question. A chaplain is an interfaith care provider in a hospital setting who strives to understand what's happening for people when the come into the hospital, various issues that arise that can be troubling for people. A chaplain is part of the healthcare team and tries to identify spiritual emotional issues that may affect the patient's overall well being while they're in the hospital, and then we try and assess that and address those issues.


Circ Genom Precis Med. 2019;12:e002492. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCGEN.119.002492 July 2019 Weicheng Chen, MD, PhD* Yuan Zhang, MD, PhD* Sunhu Yang, MD, PhD* Zhiwen Shi, PhD Weijia Zeng, BS Zhouping Lu, MD Xiangyu Zhou, PhD Defects in cardiac left-right (LR) patterning including situs inversus and heterotaxy are very rare with the prevalence ≈1/10 000 births.1 Although ciliadriven fluid flow plays an essential role in establishing LR asymmetry, the spectrum of genetic causes and the precise mechanisms remain largely unknown. Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a congenital condition where the organs, especially heart, in the chest are arranged in a complete mirror-image reversal of the usual positions. Intriguingly, most individuals with SIT have no medical symptoms or complications, whereas the major visceral organs in patients with heterotaxy are distributed abnormally but not in a mirror image and accompanied by other malformations, mainly congenital heart disease. To explore novel causative genes involved in cardiac LR organization, we performed whole exome and genome sequencing on 61 family trios, including 42 SIT and 19 patients with heterotaxy. The ages of patients ranged from 21 weeks (fetus) to 76 years old. For studies of affected individuals and their families, signed and informed consent was obtained from all participants before study commencement. All the procedures in the study were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Children's Hospital of Fudan University (2016–079). In 3 SIT trios (I, II, III) and one heterotaxy (IV) trio with complex congenital heart disease (Figure [A] through [D]), we identified bi-allelic missense mutations in nucleoporin (NUP) 205 (c.3131C>T, p.Thr1044Met and c.4829C>G, p.Pro1610Arg; NM_015135) and NUP210 (c.2197C>A, p.Ala1368Val and c.4103C>T, p.Phe733Thr; c.3194 G>T, p.Gly1065Val and c.3355G>A, p.Val1119Ile; c.1693G>A, p.Gly565Ser and c.3301G>A, p.Glu1101Lys; NM_024923; Figure [E])-that met the filter strategy (frequency <0.01 in gnomAD, protein-altering variants, recessive model). NUPs are a family of ≈30 proteins and comprise the main components of the nuclear pore complex in eukaryotic cells. These rare variants were highly conserved in different species and were predicted to be detrimental to protein function when evaluated by Poly-Phen2 and MutationTaster. Potential pathogenic copy number variations were excluded by chromosomal microarray analysis. We next generated induced pluripotent stem cells by reprogramming the peripheral blood sample of patient (I) carrying NUP205 (p.T1044M/P1610R) and a healthy age-matched situs solitus volunteer. We did not find gross abnormalities in cilia density and cilia length in the induced pluripotent stem cells. However, most mutant NUP205 in induced pluripotent stem cells that derived from patient (I) fail to mark the nuclear rim when compared with that of the health control (Figure [F]). Mutations of NUP205 and NUP93 have been shown to cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.2 Particularly, inner-ring components of the nuclear pore complex, NUP93, and NUP188 are specifically required for cardiac LR patterning.3 As a key inner-ring nucleoporin, NUP205 is a direct protein-interaction partner of NUP93; therefore, we performed co-IP assays in human retinal pigment epithelium RESEARCH LETTER


The effects of Sb doping on corrosion and electrochemical migration behavior of 64Sn- 35Bi- 1Ag( SBA)solder in 3. 5% NaCl solution( mass fraction) were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization coupled with SEM and XRD techniques. The results show that the corrosion current density( Icorr) decreases with Sb content increasing when percent of Sb is less than 1wt. %. However,Icorr increased with Sb increasing when percent of Sb is larger than1wt. %,both are larger than that of corroded SBA solder without Sb doping. Electrochemical migration( ECM) result shows that the dendritic growth rate of SBA solder doped with certain Sb is longer than that of SBA solder without Sb doping. Furthermore,the dendritic content are different distinctly from each other,which proves that Sb doping is disbenefit to advanced electronic manufacturing and packaging.


Responding to Evolving Abortion Regulations State and federal regulations restricting access to abortion represent an opportunity for the primary care community to accelerate uptake and implementat...


Off/on, on/off, and on1/on2 fluorescence switching systems find application in a variety of areas, for each of which a particular dye or dye‐switch tether must be specifically designed and synthesized. Herein it is demonstrated that such tight requirement can be avoided by using easily prepared mixtures of readily available emitters and phase change materials (PCMs). By proper selection of the PCM and, if needed, additives, thermo‐ and photothermoresponsive materials showing all classes of emission switching modes can be prepared from a single dye and without chemical modifications. This strategy can be generalized to distinct emitters and, thanks to the facile and versatile printability of dye–PCM mixtures, it can be used for the fabrication of fluorescent patterns showing complex (photo)thermal responses with direct applicability in sensing and anti‐counterfeiting.


In a double‐blind crossover clinical trial, the therapeutic effectiveness of haloperidol in low doses in controlling clinically manifest anxiety was compared with that of diazepam. Haloperidol in low doses was found to be of comparable efficacy with diazepam. Side effects were monitored, found to be few in number and mild, and occurred in both patient groups.


Power output characteristics are discussed for an IMPATT-diode array in which the thermal isolation between the diodes is not complete. The degree of thermal isolation is treated by modifying the thermal resistance. The power output characteristics, calculated by the theory, agree with the characteristics obtained from experiments for a two-diode array. In this experiment, the diode arrangement is unsymmetrical with respect to the quartz standoff, in constrast to the symmetrical arrangement ordinarily used in X band. The 380-mW (70-GHz) power output obtained from an array composed of two Si DDR diodes is 1.7 times that of single diode operation.


Current status of carbon materials for calcium carbide was introduced.Semi-coke,the ideal raw material,used to substitute for coke to produce calcium carbide at present was pointed out.The advantages of the production of calcium carbide from semi-coke as well as the main problems at present were analyzed.The methods for expanding sources of carbon for calcium carbide and measures for improving the quality of semi-coke for calcium carbide were highlighted.


Introduction. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory chronic skin disease that related to skin barrier dysfunction and T-helper (Th) 2 immune system disorders. The aim of this study was to determine incidence of atopic dermatitis in the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic RSUP MH Palembang.
Method. This study is an cross sectional descriptive study from medical record data.
Result. From 138 data, AD was more common in female (61,6%) than male (38,4%). Most of the cases were adolescents and adult phase (68,6%), senior high school (30,4%) and unemployed (51,4%). Patients tends to have other personal and family atopic history such as asthma were (12,3%) and (17,4%). Infantile phase mostly had lesions at their scalp (58,8%); childhood phase at their antebrachii and cubitii (38,5%); adolescents and adult phase at their manus (49,5%). Most patients were treated with emollient such as urea cream 10% (43,5%) and antihistamine systemic such as cetirizine (68,1%).
Conclusion. Incidence of AD period 2014-2018 tends to vary even though it has increased in 2015.


Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com J Cardiol Curr Res, 3(6): 00126 (RAO). RAO stays clinically silent in the vast majority of cases, due to the rich and complex hand vascularisation but its occurrence limits further use of this route for the patient. RAO is the direct consequence of a vascular injury: injury at the puncture step, at the time of insertion of a catheter (sheath or sheathless catheter) and finally at the hemostasis-compression step, after the intervention. Minimizing the degree of injury at each step will results in a lower RAO rate. There is no longer a need to make a case for the use of the TRA but TRA-PCI believers must now spread the word of acting gently.


Second Stokes problem about behaviour of rarefied gas filling half-space is analytically solved. A plane limiting half-space makes harmonious fluctuations in the plane. The kinetic equation with modelling integral collisions in form of ellipsoidal statistical model is used . The case of diffusion reflexions of gas molecules from a wall is considered. Function distribution of gas molecules is constructed and mass velocity of gas also in half-space is found. Hydrodynamic character of the solution at small frequencies of fluctuation plane limiting gas is revealed. The force of a friction operating from gas on border making in the plane oscillatory movement is found.


This paper discusses some of the reasons for the impregnation of electrical devices, and how they can help determine the best material and technique. Additionally, it defines each technique, and lists the pros and cons of each, for each application.


Abstract An open conjecture of Erdős and Moser is that the only solution of the Diophantine equation in the title is the trivial solution 1 + 2 = 3. Reducing the equation modulo k and k 2, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on solutions to the resulting congruence and supercongruence. A corollary is a new proof of Moser's result that the conjecture is true for odd exponents n. The proofs use divisibility properties of power sums as well as Lerch's relation between Fermat and Wilson quotients. Examples are provided using primary pseudoperfect numbers.


The present invention provides a compound of formula (I), which is a glycine transporter 1 (hereinafter referred to as GlyT-1) inhibitor, and thus has a cognitive disorder associated with schizophrenia, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), MCI (mild) Cognitive impairment), and the like, which is useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of GlyT1: (I) . Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and methods of making such compounds.


A step of forming the first substrate which has a separation layer and a Ge layer on the separation layer, and a step of forming a bonded substrate stack by bonding the first substrate to the second substrate through an insulating layer, and a step of dividing the bonded substrate stack at the separation layer are performed, thereby obtaining a substrate with a GOI structure.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Severe gross hematuria causes considerable morbidity and leads to ER visits, prolonged hospitalizations, and readmissions. The etiologies are often due to chronic conditi...


Administrators at 15 universities in the People's Republic of China indicated that marketing was the weakest area within their rapidly growing and changing management education programs. While Chinese marketing programs are modeled after U.S. programs, some aspects of China's more applied orientation could be useful to U.S. universities.


In October 2008 the New Jersey Division of Archives and Records Management celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary with a conference entitled, "Great Expectations: Meeting the Challenges of Archives and Records Management in New Jersey." I had the opportunity to participate in a panel discussion on technology and its impact on archival operations in the 21st century. Echoing the theme of the conference, I addressed the issue of "great expectations" among our user population—the expectation that not only would they have immediate access to information on all the historical records collections in a given repository, but that the documents themselves would be readily accessible to them on their desktops. Although I cautioned the audience that perhaps this may not be realistic, I did chart the history of online information for historical collections, pointing to the great strides made by archivists and records administrators to accommodate user demands, planning for future adoption of new technologies, and achieving progress—perhaps in small increments, but nonetheless moving to fulfill their information needs. We have learned much from the recent proliferation of user studies conducted by our colleagues and by graduate students in our archival education programs. And we seek ways to implement the recommendations of those studies to accommodate the "great expectations" of our diverse and often remote users. In this issue of the Journal of Archival Organization,


Here, the number of unnecessary CT cervical studies despite proper application of NEXUS criteria was assessed. The authors also tried to determine indications for ordering studies in the absence of guideline criteria. Of 507 CT studies, only 5 (1%) were positive while 81 of the 502 patients with negative findings (16%) were imaged despite meeting all NEXUS criteria for non-imaging. The most common indications for the studies were a dangerous mechanism of injury and subjective neck pain. Strict application of NEXUS criteria may result in considerable reduction of screening CT studies of the cervical spine. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Low-Risk Criteria were established to identify patients with a low probability of cervical spine injury in whom imaging of the cervical spine was unnecessary. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the number of unnecessary cervical spine CT studies on the basis of proper application of established clinical guidelines and, secondarily, to determine indications for ordering studies in the absence of guideline criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients presenting to a level I trauma center for whom a screening cervical spine CT was ordered in the setting of blunt trauma were eligible for enrollment. For each study, the requesting clinician completed a survey regarding study indications. CT examinations were evaluated by a board-certified radiologist blinded to survey data to determine the presence or absence of cervical spine injury. RESULTS: Of 507 CT examinations, 5 (1%) were positive and 497 (98.0%) were negative for acute cervical spine injury. Five studies (1%) were indeterminate for acute injury but demonstrated no abnormality on subsequent imaging and clinical follow-up. Of the 502 studies without cervical spine injury, 81 (16.1%) were imaged despite meeting all 5 NEXUS criteria for nonimaging. Of these, the most common study indication was dangerous mechanism of injury (48.1%) followed by subjective neck pain (40.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Strict application of NEXUS criteria could potentially reduce the number of screening cervical spine CT scans in the setting of blunt trauma; this change would avoid a considerable amount of unnecessary radiation and cost.


It was heartening to read Rafferty, Traynor et al supporting the case
for more research in nursing, midwifery and the allied health professions.
(1) A recent survey of lead R&D nursing roles highlighted the gap
between the expectations placed on these individuals, and the resources
available to them to conduct meaningful research 'in the real world.'
Achieving an evidence-led health service will rely on the availability of
a new generation of researchers, from all diciplines, who can focus on the
needs of the service as well as clinical science. The best medicine in the
world is meaningless without innovative nursing and supportive care.

Talented individuals need to be recruited into nursing and the allied
professions in the knowledge that a career in health care research is a
realistic option for them. At present this is not the case. Whilst the PPP
Foundation and other benefactors are to be applauded for their current
support, should not the Government be matching such funds? This would
effectively double the number of trained researchers who understand the
service and the needs of those using it, as well as the barriers facing
those trying to improve it.


The history of the Chinese in Indonesia is that of a remarkable people who ventured there with little except their business acumen. When the Dutch took control of the archipelago they used these skills of the Chinese to exploit the riches of their new colony. Many Chinese became wealthy like the Dutch, creating resentment and jealousy in the indigenous Indonesians.
Consequently there have been a number of anti-Chinese riots, the most devastating of which occurred in Jakarta, Solo and Palembang in May 1998. Over and above wide-ranging destruction of Chinese property and businesses, the most repugnant aspect of the riots was the raping and murder of women and girls accompanied by calls of "Allahu Akbar" (God is Great). Why was God called upon to witness and justify such atrocities?
The savagery of the attacks suggest that, in spite of government policies directed at assimilating and integrating the Chinese, there is still a strong and brittle undercurrent of anti-Chinese feeling remaining. Wealthy Chinese can escape the country should violence erupt, but the fate of the less affluent Chinese remains precarious. Time will tell if the Chinese in Indonesia can live and work in peace.


Fifty four turmeric (Curcuma longa) cultivars were evaluated at Jagtial (Andhra Pradesh) by subjecting to D2 statistic to assess the genetic diversity available in the cultivars. The D2 analysis showed wide diversity among the cultivars and they were grouped into six clusters. Inter-cluster distance values also showed wide genetic divergence among the cultivars. Based on cluster-mean values, the cultivars PTS-38 and Duggirala in cluster I (high cured yield), PCT-5 and PCT-8 in cluster III (high curcumin, essential oil and oleoresin contents) and PCT-13, PCT-14 and PCT-10 in cluster IV (short duration, medium yield with good curcumin content) were identified as potential parents for future breeding programmes.


In X-ray Fluorescent Spectrometric( XRF) analysis,particle size effect and the matrix effect were reported when the powder pelleting preparation method was used. However,under certain particle size,tableting time and pressure,the effects existed only for light metals such as Na and Ca rather than heavy metal such as Mo,Cu and Pb. Based on these findings,an optimized powder pelleting sample preparation method for reducing particle size effect and other interferences was established for simultaneous determination of Mo,W,Cu,Pb,Zn,F,S,As and Bi in molybdenum ore samples by XRF. Low pressure polyethylene powder was used as the liner material to reduce cost; the sample powder was pelleted under 30 t pressures for 30 s. The prepared pellet was smooth with low moisture adsorption and could be stored for long periods without shape change. Particle size effect and matrix effect were diminished after calibration with national sulfide ore reference materials. An empirical coefficient was applied to reduce the influence of spectrum overlap and matrix interferences. The method precision( RSD) was 2. 1%,and the results were consistent with those obtained by other analytical methods. Compared with the fusion sample preparation method,the optimized powder pelleting method demonstrates a lower detection limit. The detection limit for Mo was 3. 67 μg / g vs. 450 or 24 μg / g by the fusion method,and 1. 13 μg / g for As vs. 7. 8 μg / g by the normal powder pelleting method.


There is a scale that goes from freedom to necessity, from arbitrariness to reason, in the items selected for the status-functions. At one extreme of freedom and arbitrariness is money. All sorts of substances can serve as money [...].[...] At the other extreme of necessity and reason are such things as the standard meter rod kept by the French government at the pavillon de Breteuil in Sèvres. [...] Not just any old object, not even any old meter-long object, can serve this function. (Searle 1996 (1995), p. 86; cf. also pp. 49ff.)


The North American railroad industry spends hundreds of millions of dollars annually on installation of rails. Currently, rail relay scheduling, determining when to install which segment with what type of rail, is done manually, and is based largely on human judgments. Decisions made by different rail experts are likely to be inconsistent and result in an inefficient utilization of resources. This paper describes a computer-aided scheduling system that uses expert systems and network optimization techniques to work toward an efficient solution of the rail relay scheduling problem. The scheduling system efficiently utilizes the automatically collected rail profile data obtained from the electronic rail profile measurement technique to produce a five-year rail relay schedule. This system has been successfully run for about 20% of Burlington Northern Railroad's mainline track. Two models, the Categorization Model (CM) and the Model for Optimal Rail Relay Scheduling (MORRS) have been developed to help BN to better relay plans. CM determines which segment must be relaid within the next five years and identifies segments that are likely to need to be relaid within that time. This involves human judgments based on rules of thumb and heuristics. Therefore, CM was developed using a knowledge-based expert system environment. MORRS was developed to solve the problem of determining an optimal multi-year rail relay schedule given results from CM. MORRS generates a rail relay schedule that minimizes the total life-cycle rail-related costs. MORRS takes into account the fact that each segment should be relaid before it reaches the condition limit, and also considers the possibilities of benefiting by generating secondhand rail and of achieving economies of scale in start-up and transportation cost by relaying a group of neighboring segments in one year (although some of these segments may not need to be relaid yet).


Analyzes the failures - lift - up equipment in "motor over - heating" of through FTA. Fault trees of lift - up equipment are established and quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, then the weakest links in the system are obtained. It is instructive meaning towards raising the reliability and maintaining the equipment.


The nature protection technology made it possible to solve the basic problems of territories of Kizelovsky coal field territories is presented. Chemical aspects of application of a reagent-deoxidizen (of wastes of soda production) intended for a clearing of acid mine waters and rock congestions recultivation. Investigations of neutralisation of acid mine waters of various compositions are conducted. Dependencies of reagent optimum quantity on key parameters of cleared mine water are established. The possibility of chemical recultivation of mine congestion rock by a carbonate reagent is shown. The kinetic model of interaction is offered and approved. The factors of the kinetic equations used for technological calculations are calculated. Results of trial tests of technology of clearing of acid mine waters are presented.


Addiction to mood-altering chemicals (including alcohol) traumatizes the addict. If, addicted person is a lesbian or gay man, then she or he is subjected to another source of trauma-homophobia. One common response to such traumas is depression. It is critically important that social service providers be able to recognize, assess, diagnose, and treat or appropriately refer lesbians and gay men who are chemically dependent and depressed. This article will give information and suggestions to social service providers which can help them perform these functions.


Firmware update method of the device included in the mobile system according to the invention, using a method comprising: receiving a first hash value and seomyeongseo generated from the firmware image supplied from the host, the first hash value and the seomyeongseo the firmware image performing a pre-verify operation for the integrity, or signed certificate for, receiving the firmware image from the host according to the result of the pre-verify operation, and the received integrity by computing a second hash value from the firmware image and a step of executing the post-verify operations to perform the verification.


Introduction: Oral and dental health is one of the important branches of public health, which has a significant impact on people's health and quality of life, and improving oral and dental health is one of the most important goals of preventing other diseases. Meanwhile, nurses can actively participate in the promotion of oral health care. The purpose of this research is to investigate the level of oral and dental health awareness of nursing students as future nurses based on oral and dental health indicators.
Research method: In this cross-sectional study, 119 third- and fourth-year nursing students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were included in the study. The questionnaire was used as a tool to evaluate the level of knowledge of students about oral and dental health, and the Chi-square test was used by spss software to analyze the data.
Results: There was no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and ability of students about oral and dental hygiene with the duration of studying at the university, gender, marital status and grade point average (p>0.05). Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship between the level of awareness of nursing students in the field of oral and dental health indicators and the necessity of teaching these topics in the field of nursing (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful as a basis for teaching oral and dental health indicators in theory courses or internships for nursing students. Also, it can be used as a basis for the development of knowledge and the body of science in the field of nursing, and it can be effective in helping to improve the level of oral and dental health of people in the community and patients.


Background: Tuberculosis is the commonest opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals. Global TB report by WHO estimates 0.4 million deaths by TB in 2014 in HIV infected individuals. The clinical profile of TB in HIV infected individuals are variable from region to region based upon the prevalence of HIV in the region. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical profile of tuberculosis and the distribution of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infected individuals with relation to their CD4 counts. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was done for a period of two years from January 2013 to December 2014 at a tertiary care hospital in south India. Sputum samples were screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 150 HIV seropositive individuals in the study. AFB positive smears were graded as per RNTCP guidelines. Clinical profiles of the cases in the study were noted and the Chest X ray, ultrasonogram and other relevant investigations were performed in smear negative individuals to diagnose pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: In our study 26-35 years was the major age group (37.33%) with male preponderance. Heterosexual mode of acquisition was common (88.67%) and in 6% the mode was unknown. Fever was the most common symptom (100%) followed by cough with expectoration in 84% of HIV-TB co-infected cases.44% of cases were smear positive for AFB bacilli and 57.58% were graded 3+, 65.33% of cases had pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray followed by 16% with effusion. Lymphadenopathy was the most common extra pulmonary involvement seen in 28.67% of cases followed by 14.67% with meningeal involvement. Overall in the study isolated pulmonary tuberculosis was seen in 43 (28.67%) patients, isolated EPTB was seen in 13(8.67%) patients and both were seen in 84 (56%) patients. In all cases of EPTB CD4 cell counts were <200cells/µl. Conclusions: To conclude HIV more commonly affects the economically productive age group with more males than females. Sputum positivity depends upon the stage of HIV infection. Lymphadenopathy is more common form of EPTB and diagnosis can be made by FNAC and Histopathological examination.


On 25th August works for the new surgery at Doddinghurst, Essex began on site. The completed building will provide 794 m 2 of space to enable the existing practice, located just around the corner from the new site in premises deemed not fit for purpose, to relocate to the new healthcare facility. This is seen as a wonderful opportunity for the GPs and staff to provide better access and a wider range of services, thus improving quality of care. The Doddinghurst Surgery is one of the few training practices in South West Essex PCT and has 4 full time GPs serving over 8,700 patients, equating to 2,175 patients per full time GP. The practice area covers 30 square miles of semi-rural Essex, an area not covered by any other practice. Ashley House plc one of the UK's leading health and social care infrastructure specialists has designed a building that will provide a modern, efficient and pleasant environment for patients to visit and staff to work within. The new development will provide the necessary infrastructure to deliver the best possible primary and social care services for many years to come.


We explore the thermodynamics of the 2-D Ising model from a random path sampling method. We show how convergence of free energy and magnetization is obtained in a number of sweeps orders of magnitude below the number of total configurations. The effects of external parameters, such as magnetic field (H) and temperature (T) are accounted in a computationally simple way, allowing very detailed (H, T)-dependent calculations. The effects of more complex interactions can also be considered, particularly magnetovolume coupling, which has proven to be difficult to tackle using traditional approaches. We show its effect on magnetic entropy change (magnetocaloric effect) in this microscopic scenario. As magnetic refrigeration technology matures, the microscopic optimization of magnetovolume effects to enhance the magnetocaloric properties may become a valuable tool in the search of new magnetic refrigerants.


The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of an initiative known as ICT for rural education development (ICT4RED), as part of the larger TECH4RED. With a specific focus on the research and teacher proffesional development components. The ICT4RED initiative is supporting rural teachers to integrate tablets in teaching mathematics and science in schools in Cofimvaba in the Nciba district of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. The teachers have to "learn to earn" the technology and have to apply the use thereof in their classrooms with evidence of this use. This is operationalised through 10 proffesional development sessions over a period of 6 to 9 months. This paper will focus mainly on the teacher professional development as well as research components attached to this initiative.


Objective
To compare the therapeutic effect of combined fascia sheath suspension and frontal muscle flap suspension in the treatment of congenital severe congenital ptosis.

Methods
46 cases (58 eyes) with congenital severe upper eyelid prolapse who were treated from March 2015 to March 2016 in Eye Hospital of Hebei Province were selected. The patients were divided into two groups: combined fascial sheath suspension group and frontalis muscle flap suspension. Comparisons of postoperative patients with eyelid height, eyelid radian, corneal exposure with eyes closed, eyelid activity, complication of the situation were carried out. And patient satisfaction survey was conducted.

Results
The effective rate of combined fascial sheath suspension group was 93.10%, the complication rate was 6.9%, and the patient satisfaction rate was 91.22±0.37, significantly better than the frontal muscle flap suspension group of patients (75.86%, 24.14% and 75.05±0.28, respectively). The time of closure of the eyelid was shortened, the complications were less, and the eyelid had better activity. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusions
Combined fascia sheath for congenital severe upper eyelid droop is significant, with fewer complications and a higher rate of satisfaction, which is worth clinical promotion.

Key words:
Severe congenital ptosis; Combined fascia sheath suspension; Frontal muscle flap suspension; Effective rate; Satisfaction


The objective of this research was to determine the temporal dependence of absorption upon asphalt and aggregate properties and to test a rational model for this dependence. Absorption data were obtained for several model liquids and asphalts with synthetic alumina aggregates and a natural limestone aggregate. The data were used to test a simple absorption model incorporating the effects of asphalt and aggregate properties into a single dimensionless time variable. While quantitative agreement was not obtained in all aspects of the model, certain predictions of the model were verified. The general shape of the absorption data followed the model prediction for synthetic alumina spheres. The effect of viscosity and surface tension was correlated fairly well by the surface tension/viscosity factor in the dimensionless time variable.


The Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCTRD) operated out of the fare box in 1969, state funds came in 1970, local support in 1973, and federal operating funds in 1975. State funding has been and continues to be the most important source to supplement the fare box. Almost all state funds are derived from a 9.25 percent sales tax. There funds qualify as the local share to meet federal matching requirements. The county of Los Angeles is the primary provider of operating funds from within the area served, but the actual source of the county funds is federal revenue sharing. The SCTRD's experience in improving transit revenue is briefly discussed, and figures are used to illustrate annual operating revenues by source in actual dollars and in constant dollars.


Lake Utilities Services filed a complaint against Clermont, Fla., seeking an injunction and a declaration that it had the exclusive right to provide water service to several areas in Lake County. Both Lake Utilities and the city claimed the exclusive right to provide water service to Lennar Homes Inc. Lake Utilities said it would suffer irreparable injury if the city encroached on its area. The trial court ruled for the city. The appellate court pointed out that the city initially declined to provide water service because it was not economically feasible to do so. Lake Utilities then filed its application to extend its service area so that it could serve the homes. The city did not object. The court said that Lake Utilities expended time and money to construct and operate a water utility in the area. Thus, the city should not be permitted to provide water service to Lennar Homes now because it is economically feasible and profitable to do so more than five years after it first obtained the right to do so. The court said the city, by its actions, had waived the right to provide service to Lennar Homes. The trial court decision was reversed.


Test object and human feasibility studies were conducted to determine if the evoked neuromagnetic field could be detected inside the head using MR (magnetic resonance) phase shift imaging. A small variable current was pulsed through the inner portion of a cylindrical object to determine the sensitivity of a 1.5 T MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) system, and the sensitivity was then related to measurements of the same object by a SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) neuromagnetometer. Preliminary human studies were conducted in the same 1.5 T system, and images were acquired with and without an auditory stimulation. The results of the test object study show that detection of the in-vivo neuromagnetic field requires measurements of phase shifts approximately 0.35 deg in the MRI scanner. The scanner used was measured to have a sensitivity of about 6.8 deg. The preliminary human studies were unsuccessful since no neuromagnetic pattern could be discerned above the noise or above several flow-rated phase artifacts.<<ETX>>


This article introduces a new method of supervised learning based on linear discrimination among the vertices of a regular simplex in Euclidean space. Each vertex represents a different category. Discrimination is phrased as a regression problem involving ϵ-insensitive residuals and a quadratic penalty on the coefficients of the linear predictors. The objective function can by minimized by a primal MM (majorization–minimization) algorithm that (a) relies on quadratic majorization and iteratively re-weighted least squares, (b) is simpler to program than algorithms that pass to the dual of the original optimization problem, and (c) can be accelerated by step doubling. Limited comparisons on real and simulated data suggest that the MM algorithm is competitive in statistical accuracy and computational speed with the best currently available algorithms for discriminant analysis.


The dynamic behavior of a hyper-chaotic system is much more difficult to be predicted than that of a normal chaos system. Therefore, it becomes very useful in the secure communication. This paper constructed a new five dimensional hyper-chaotic circuit based on Chen system when the two state variables and an inverse controller are introduced. First, the stability of the fixed points and dynamic behavior of the phase space of the new system are discussed, and three positive Lyapunov exponents are found. Modular circuit of the system is designed. The results of circuit simulation are in agreement with the numerical simulation. Then chaos synchronism of the system is achieved with drive-response synchronization method. Numerical simulation of the secure communication process for the square wave signal is given, and chaotic masking method is used to realize the secure communication circuit with square wave voltage signal of the system. Finally, two ways to deal with secure communication are discussed; one is the chaotic signal mixed with the image, and the other is chaotic signal added to the digital image. It is shown that the latter is better than the former in the effect on secure communication, and is more suitable for information reversion.


As human populations continue to grow, so does the demand for space – with urban centres encroaching into wild animal habitats. Social, generalist species, which show high rates of innovation and behavioural flexibility tend to adapt to and use human-altered landscapes. However, we know less about what factors drive differences among individuals in use of human-altered landscapes, or the repercussions of individual differences for social dynamics in animal groups, which I review in my introductory chapter (Chapter 1). In Chapter 2 I introduce my study system and methods. I study chacma baboons (Papio ursinus) in Cape Town, South Africa that frequently have negative interactions with people at the urban edge and are managed by a team of rangers that herd the baboons from urban spaces, using aversive conditioning. Using high-resolution GPS data (recording at 1Hz frequency) combined with behavioural observations, field ranger survey and hormonal data I investigate variation in individual and collective behaviour associated with urban space-use. First, I examine variation in the time individuals spend in urban space, and contrary to expectations, find that females, rather than males, spend most time in urban space, and tend to use urban space with other group members and not with vulnerable offspring (Chapter 3). Second, I examine predictors of variation in urban space-use, and find that socially-peripheral, low-ranking female baboons make the most use of urban space, which is likely as a result of a management focus on adult males (Chapter 4). Further examination of fine-scale movement trajectories revealed both baboon phenotype and personality effect individual-level movement in urban space, where baboons most targeted by management show the greatest flexibility in movement (Chapter 5). Finally, I show that use of urban spaces drastically effects group dynamics, reducing cohesion and coordination of the troop, though high-ranking adults consistently lead the troop both in and out of urban space (Chapter 6). I synthesise these major findings in my final discussion chapter (Chapter 7) and discuss how my results will be important in current and future management of the Cape baboons and provide a basis for future examinations of urban space-use across species and systems.


A diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A was crosslinked with several acid anhydrides of different structures, such as the homologs of succinic anhydride and the acid anhydrides with a double bond or a ring structure. Dilatometric, dielectric, and dynamic mechanical measurements were carried out on the cured resins. The glass transition temperature is shown to be influenced by the presence of double bonds or ring structures in the chain backbones. The specific volume at the glass transition temperature can be predicted as a sum of atomic volumes. Two dielectric relaxation processes were observed in all the resins. The temperature dependence of the relaxation time for the α-process can be represented by the WLF equation. The mechanical retardation time for the α-process generally agrees with the dielectric relaxation time. The observed dynamic Young's modulus in the glassy state is nearly one-third of the value calculated from the cohesive heat density. A good correspondence is obtained between the observed dynamic Young's modulus in the rubbery state and the Young's modulus calculated from the crosslinking density, but the deviation increases with decreasing crosslinking density.


The compensation structure of audit committee members has shifted over time to comprise greater proportions of equity and less cash. Practitioners and researchers debate what mixture of cash and equity compensation promotes audit committee objectivity and financial reporting quality. This article summarizes the current state of the audit committee compensation literature and discusses the implications of these findings for future researchers, practitioners, and regulators.


A mathematic rotating blade model is established with periodic time-varying aerodynamic load, which is simulated by Beddoes-Leishman dynamic stall model. The consequent aeroelastic model is utilized to analyze blade dynamics and design control strategy for blade flutter suppression application. Aeroelastic stability of rotating blade is indicated by open-loop simulation test for critical flutter speed study. It was found that designed Adaptive Controller is capable of restraining flutter vibration with trailing-edge flap, and its robustness and effectiveness are shown by closed-loop tests with a wide range of aerodynamic loads. The stability analysis presents that the stability of the given Adaptive Controller, proved theoretically by Adaptive Stability Theorem.


The fractal properties of 2-D projected electrical trees in PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) and XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) samples have been investigated. The results show that the tree structures are fractal objects although their tree patterns are obtained in a 2-D projection. The fractal dimension of the tree formed in PMMA is found to become constant as the applied voltage or the time duration is increased. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of the tree structures produced in XLPE is found to increase with increasing cross-linking of XLPE. It is concluded that there exists a relationship between the fractal dimension of the electrical trees and the physical properties of the polymers used.<<ETX>>


VERESOVA MARTINA, SUPUKA JAN: Changes of landscape structure and cultural values of vineyard landscape. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 2013, LXI, No. 5, pp. 1459–1470 The aim of this paper is to assess the structural changes development of vineyard type of cultural agriculture landscape in Cajkov cadastre. In landscape space out of built up rural settlement Cajkov the vineyards create a specifi c landscape segment which covers 6% of the whole cadastre area. Two time development periods are compared, i.e. 1896s and 2010s, or 2011s with emphasis to land use form changes and area size changes of vineyard parcels. The result shows that vineyards represent more than 100 hundred years continuity of historical valuable cultural landscape which was not infl uenced by agricultural collectivisation processes within the second part of the 20th century. The second part of the paper is aimed to assess cultural value of the vineyards by using 9 diff erent criteria such as: age of vineyards, area plots and mosaic structures, archaic vine technology, anthropogenic relief, old vineyard's buildings and sacral architectural elements, old large and rare fruit trees, traditional and local vine sorts, archaeological locality and fi nds. Assessed vineyards landscape of Cajkov cadastre is unique, has well preserved historical continuity in landscape structure and a high cultural and historic value.


It provides a laser processing apparatus and a laser processing method capable of preventing the spread of the mist-like fluid containing the fine metal particles which occurs when processing the member to be processed installed in the air environment. The laser processing apparatus of the embodiment, is provided in the air environment, and with respect to the target extending structure in the vertical direction member is irradiated with laser beam, as the laser processing apparatus for the surface treatment, the injection of liquid, of the target member and a liquid supply mechanism for supplying to the surface, and the laser irradiation mechanism for irradiating the laser beam pulse-like through the liquid to the surface of the target member, located on the lower side than the liquid supply mechanism, ejecting the gas towards the upper to be provided with a laminar gas nozzle of the tubular to form a gas stream surrounding said target member around an axis direction.


Thymocyte egress is a critical determinant of T cell homeostasis and adaptive immunity. Du et al. describe unexpected roles of mevalonate metabolism–fueled protein geranylgeranylation, but not farnesylation, in driving thymocyte egress through modulating Cdc42 and Pak activities.


In this paper, we successfully demonstrate the 50-GHz operation of a microprocessor datapath based on single-flux-quantum (SFQ) logic with a gate-level pipeline (GLP) structure. The microprocessor datapath features a register file (RF), an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), and a long feedback loop that connects these components. Interleaved data-processing is applied in the RF. As the operating frequency of the RF is half that of the ALU, the timing constraints are eased; thus, we can reduce the number of pipeline stages used for timing adjustments. We designed a 4-bit datapath using the proposed technique, targeting 50-GHz operation. Compared to the conventional datapath, the total number of pipeline stages and the latency decreased from 49 to 24 and from 980 to 760 ps respectively. We fabricated test chips using the AIST Nb 9-layer 10-kA/cm$^{2}$ process, and performed successful on-chip high-speed tests. In addition, our preliminary experiments suggest that we can expect 1.6-fold higher throughput at an 80-GHz clock frequency, at the cost of a 10% increase in latency.


On September 11th, 2001, popular perceptions of terrorism were transformed. Although many terrorist activities had occurred earlier, the 9/11 outrages were widely seen as escalating the terrorist danger to an entirely new level. Vast resources were suddenly poured into "the war on terror," sweeping legislation was rushed through Congress, a major new department of the federal government was created, and two foreign countries were invaded and occupied in the name of the struggle against terrorism. There has been no shortage of action. Yet human action is always directed by ideas, and many of the ideas inspiring the current flury of "anti-terrorist" activities are in need of scrutiny and clarification. In Philosophy 9/11, philosophical scholars specializing in terorism-related topics, several of them also officers in the United States military, closely examine some of the basic presuppositions of our response to terrorist attacks.


The paper draws attention to the interaction between construction method and finished form in bridge design. The influence of constructive features on completed bridge appearance in Japan and the UK is compared against the background of recent aesthetic policy in the two countries. The bridges which are briefly described and discussed are: a) the Itamana Bridge, whose girders were made monolithic with the main piers, and whose piers were introduced at unusual positions in the side spans; b) Ohshima Bridge, 1988, which was the first suspension bridge in Japan to use a box section girder; c) Shorenjigawa Bridge, 1989, a steel box girder bridge; d) Hokawazu Bridge, 1974, which is a two hinged reinforced concrete arch of 170m span. It was the first bridge in the world to be constructed using a full cantilever method with cabling tied back over the abutment spandrel walls; e) Orwell Bridge, 1982, the largest prestressed concrete bridge in the United Kingdom; f) the Severn Bridge, 1966; g) Foyle Bridge, 1984; and h) Kessock Bridge, 1982. The French title of this article is: Esthetique et construction des ponts au Japon et au Royaume-Uni. The German title of this article is: Aesthetik und Konstruktion der Bruecken in Japan und Grossbritannien. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 851274.


Sulfatases are potential therapeutic biopharmaceuticals, as mutations in sulfatase genes leads to inherited disease. Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type II is caused by mutations in the lysosomal enzyme, iduronate‐2‐sulfatase (IDS). MPS‐II affects the brain and enzyme replacement therapy is ineffective for the brain, because IDS does not cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). To deliver IDS across the human BBB, the sulfatase has been re‐engineered as an IgG‐sulfatase fusion protein with a genetically engineered monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb part of the HIRMAb‐IDS fusion protein acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the fused IDS across the BBB. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were stably transfected to produce the HIRMAb‐IDS fusion protein. The fusion protein was triaged to the lysosomal compartment of MPS‐II fibroblasts based on confocal microscopy, and 300 ng/mL medium concentrations normalized IDS enzyme activity in the cells. The HIRMAb‐IDS fusion protein was tritiated and injected intravenously into the adult Rhesus monkey at a low dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The IDS enzyme activity in plasma was elevated 10‐fold above the endogenous level, and therapeutic plasma concentrations were generated in vivo. The uptake of the HIRMAb‐IDS fusion protein in the brain was sufficiently high to produce therapeutic concentrations of IDS in the brain following IV administration of the fusion protein. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1954–1964. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


BACKGROUND
Creativity is a highly valued quality in different fields. Despite this, it is rarely included in the curricula of medical careers.

AIM
To assess creative thinking among undergraduate medical students.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sixty-seven students aged 18 to 31 years (45% women) from the first (16), third (26) and seventh year (25) of medical school answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT).

RESULTS
Median creativity index according to age was in percentile 52 (range 2-99). Percentiles for fluency, originality, elaboration, abstraction of titles and resistance for premature closure were 31, 32, 79, 53 and 17 respectively. There were no significant differences between students of different levels (p = 0.73).

CONCLUSIONS
In this group of students, there is a high performance in elaboration and a low score in Resistance to premature closure.


Purpose:  Gangliogliomas (GGs) and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNETs) are low‐grade brain tumors of glioneuronal origin that commonly present with seizures. Achieving seizure control in patients with glioneuronal tumors remains underappreciated, as tumor‐related epilepsy significantly affects patients' quality‐of‐life.


Improved interface standards and reduced design budgets dictate that commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) equipment be more readily integrated into system design. Often COTS is chosen for its functional capabilities and electronic compatibilities with little regard to testability and maintainability features. COTS equipment is often characterized by a lack of detailed information about the specific internal design of the equipment. Complex interactions across an array of subsystems may decrease the diagnosability of the system as a whole where deficits in information occur. In this paper, we describe an analysis approach for assessing system testability and providing system diagnostics that is amenable to including COTS equipment in the system under test. We illustrate the approach with the standard analysis of a system consisting of several subsystems with full information available.<<ETX>>


In modern design of automobile car bodies reduction in weight and maximization of the structural stiffness and passive safety are the main challenge. The 'Tailored Blank' has contributed to achieve a significant weight reduction in recent years. The single flat sheets are joined by Laser Welding in butt configuration without filler wire. Usually the quality of the welds is assured by precise preparation of the plate edges as well by the suitable selection of process parameters. However due to unforeseen deviations typical defects occur, which make NDT necessary to detect defects as incomplete welding, lack of fusion, misalignment, pinholes, porosity etc. The contribution presents a new UT inspection technique designed for the in-line inspection of the laser welds of Tailored Blanks. Conventional UT is ruled out because of the necessary liquid coupling medium. The inspection is based on the application of guided ultrasonic (plate) waves with shear horizontal polarization excited and detected by couplant free Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMAT's).


Findings from the Puerto Rican Maternal and Infant Health Study, 33rd in a series of seminars on research projects funded by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB), will be webcast on Thursday, May 17, 2001, 12:30–2:00 p.m. EDT. This first webcast of the MCH Research Roundtable Series is a collaborative effort of the MCHB Research Program, the National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health (NCEMCH) at Georgetown University, and the Center for the Advancement of Distance Education, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago. The roundtable will address findings from the Puerto Rican Maternal and Infant Health Study, which are published in two peer-reviewed articles: (1) "Prenatal Care Among Puerto Ricans on the United States Mainland" and (2) "Migration and Infant Death: Assimilation or Selective Migration Among Puerto Ricans?" The study was funded by MCHB, the National Institute of Child Health and Development, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Investigators collected pooled origin/destination data by surveying and conducting in-person interviews of 2,763 mothers of infants residing in Puerto Rico, Connecticut, Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York City, and Pennsylvania. Study coinvestigators and main authors of the two published articles, Nancy S. Landale, Ph.D., Professor, and R. S. Oropesa, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, will present study findings. Reaction will be provided by Patricia O'Campo, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, and Pierre Buekens, M.D., Ph.D., Director, Department of Maternal and SEVENTEEN NEW AND COMPETING EXTENSION RESEARCH PROJECTS FUNDED IN FY 2000


To improve the accuracy of sea surface wind speed under rain based on data obtained from the U.S. spaceborne fully polarimetric microwave radiometer (WindSat), a wind speed correction model based on a statistical algorithm is constructed. First, the coupled samples from 2003 to 2014 are considered as the training sample set, and the coupled samples from 2015 to 2020 are used as the test sample set. Then, the WindSat sea surface wind speed under rain correction model is constructed. Results show that the WindSat wind speed data is overestimated severely. The higher the wind speed, the larger the wind speed is overestimated. The experimental results reveal that the WindSat wind speed standard deviation of the test samples is 2.6 m/s. However, the wind speed standard deviation decreases to 2.2 m/s after correction.


I define the notion of normality for deductions in a Gentzen system for the classical case; I prove the normalization theorem for this notion and I build two direct maps between normal Gentzen deductions and natural deductions in ∗-normal form, i.e., natural deductions in normal form that also satisfy other conditions. I give the proof of the "∗-normalization theorem", i.e. I give a procedure for transforming a normal deduction of →Nc into a unique deduction in ∗-normal form.


Patients treated with indomethacin have developed gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer and gastrointestinal haemorrhage, particularly when large doses were given (Lovgren & Allander, 1964 ; Ballabio, 1965 ; Rothermich, 1966). Anderson (1965) found that indomethacin can cause gastric erosion and haemorrhage in starved guinea-pigs. In dogs, Nicoloff (1968) observed that the administration of indomethacin induced antral and gastric ulceration with melena and perforation, as well as jejunal ulcers. Our investigations show that in rats the jejunum is most susceptible to the ulcerogenic effect of indomethacin. The pathogenesis of jejunal ulcers still needs elucidation and it is felt that this easily reproducible experimental model may facilitate the study of factors influencing jejunal ulcers in rats.


GRAzing SImulation Model (GRASIM)'s forage growth model is fully process-based with parameters
describing forage leaf and canopy characteristics in relation to the photosynthetic capacity and dry matter
production. The model was tested for pasture of pure orchard grass, but the parameterization of the plant growth
module to simulate other species or species combinations has always been intuitive because of lack of
physiological knowledge of the parameters. There has been a wealth of information on the physical
measurements of the parameters used in GRASIM's growth module, which makes the attempt to provide
simulation with real parameter values possible. This paper presents a methodology to estimate growth
parameters with an integrated approach using both published experimental data and numerical optimization
techniques. This work will make it possible for researchers and producers to effectively utilize forage growth
models.


The purpose of the study is to understand the mobile-assisted learning
 situation of international students in China from the perspective of
 cultural adjustment and explore the affordances for cultural adjustment of
 these students in this specific situation. This study investigated eight
 students learning Chinese as a second language in a university in Beijing
 and using mainly WeChat, a mobile technology. Qualitative methods were
 employed in this study. The researchers followed the students for three
 months (from September to November 2018) and collected all the online
 messages in the WeChat online group. Moreover, eight one-hour in-depth
 interviews with participants were conducted. Results showed that the
 characteristics of the international students' cultural adjustment in the
 mobile learning environment are universality, consciousness and
 unconsciousness, and interactivity. In addition, three affordances were
 identified: resources on Chinese linguistic and cultural knowledge, ways to
 obtain social support, and ways to relieve stress. Finally, two suggestions
 for international students are proposed.


The ability to study human retinal disease in vitro has greatly advanced with the advent of stem cell technique and the ability to generate three-dimensional organoids. Generation of stem cells from patients to study them in two and three-dimensional cultures can now allow for a personalized approach to retinal diseases. Purpose: To provide a concise review of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and retinal organoids as models for human retinal diseases and their role in gene discovery and treatment of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs). Methods: A PubMed literature review was performed for models of human retinal disease, including animal models and human pluripotent stem cell–derived models. Results: There is a growing body of research on retinal disease using human pluripotent stem cells. This is a significant change from just a decade ago when most research was performed on animal models. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells has permitted not only the generation of two-dimensional human cell cultures such as RPE but also more recently the generation of three-dimensional retinal organoids that better reflect the multicellular laminar architecture of the human retina. Conclusion: Modern stem cell techniques are improving our ability to model human retinal disease in vitro, especially with the use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. In the future, a personalized approach may be used in which the individual's unique genotype can be modeled in two-dimensional culture or three-dimensional organoids and then rescued with an optimized therapy before treating the patient.


From the foregoing account it can be readily seen that language is the chief aid to personality adjustment. The overt non-verbal adjustmental reactions which allow an infant and young child to relate himself to others are replaced to a large extent by linguistic activity. In various neurotic and psychotic disorders a skilled observer may be able to detect personality disturbances long before they may show themselves by distortions of overt activity. Difficulties arise, however, in the attempt to make diagnoses from observations of language alone because the verbal responses may not give a true picture of the individual's personality. This is especially true of the psychoses because even an accurate account of the mental content may not be sufficient for a definition of the personality disorder.


R. v. Leon T IS decision has been too hastily accepted as being of assistance to bookmakers in checking fraud in the form of non-payment of betting losses and in other forms, but the effect of the Court of Criminal Appeal's rulings will probably be to leave the dishonest backer in the same position that he was in before. The appellant was convicted at the Central Criminal Court on five counts charging him with fraud within the meaning of section 13 (I) of the Debtors Act, 1869, and of section 17 of the Gaming Act, 1845. The first two counts charged the appellant with incurring a debt or liability under section 13 (I) of the Debtors Act, 1869, on the ground that having lost certain bets, he did not pay his losses, and consequently was guilty of a fraud within the meaning of the section. The section provides that a person shall be guilty of a misdemeanour" if in incurring any debt or liability he has obtained credit under false pretences or by means of any other fraud." The trial judge had directed the jury that, although a betting contract was not enforceable at law, a man who lost money to a bookmaker did incur a debt to him, although it was not enforceable. This direction was held not to be an accurate one on this admittedly somewhat difficult branch of the law. There was authority for holding that 'debt' in the sub-section meant an actionable debt. The Court of Criminal Appeal found it difficult to believe that Parliament was contemplating betting transactions as being within the framework of the Debtors Act, particularly in view of the fact that in section 18 of the Gaming Act, passed twenty-four years before, Parliament had said that betting contracts should be null and void. The convictions on the counts charging offences under the Debtors Act were therefore quashed. The other three counts were in respect of sums of money paid to the appellant as the result of winning bets. These counts rested on section 17 of the Gaming Act, 1845, by which" every person who shall, by any fraud or unlawful device or ill-practice in . . . wagering, on the event of any game, sport, pastime, or exercise, win from any other person to himself . . . any sum of money or valuable thing, shall be deemed guilty of obtaining such money or valuable thing from such other person by false pretences with intent to cheat or defraud." In R. v. Leon it was necessary to show that there had been " fraud in wagering," but the difficulty was to say what that phrase meant. For the purpose of the appeal, the Court took it that the


Yilan County has many unique ecological resources and beautiful natural landscapes with less industrial pollution. The typical rural lifestyle and the primitive rural scenery render Yilan County the most suitable place for residence and an ideal place for leisure activities. Under the full support and guidance by county government, town offices, and local farmers' associations, the development of leisure agriculture has become one of the exceedingly important plans in Yilan County. For many years, the government has actively helped many farmers to transit from traditional agriculture to leisure agriculture, and has made good use of agriculture and leisure resources. Although Yilan County was not developed on industry and commerce, it has made good use of its agricultural resources to develop business opportunities. Industry, government, and academia work together with efforts to develop the leisure agriculture in Yilan County, which makes Yilan County a model of developing leisure agriculture for central and local govermments.Yilan develops its leisure agriculture industry under the help of industry, government, and academia. Also, it strengthens the partnership among central government, local government, civil society and residents, and creates a win-win situation under the companionship of counselers and the education and training of the division of the strategic alliance team. Such partnerships, might be worthy for other rural communities to refer to as guidance and as development.From learning experience to grow in leisure agriculture and fishery camp, and the companionship of counselors, we can clearly see leisure agriculture and fishery organizations in the growth of human interaction, not only to promote rural leisure agriculture and fishery development, but also to achieve the guidance of another connotation-educates human. In the process, the creativity, ideas, communication, modification and growth of all the participants, including the rural residents, leisure agriculture and fishery dealers, the central and local government officials in the counselling or the scholars and the experts, are of value. The purpose of this paper is to record, to review and to share the valuable experience of the counselling program of leisure agriculture and fishery.The implementation evidence of the Yilan leisure agriculture area counselling program since 2006 was significant, which attracted the awareness of the Council of Agriculture. In 2009, the Council of Agriculture decided to promote the counselling program nationwide, and commissioned the Association of Taiwan Leisure Farming to implement the program. The Yilan leisure agriculture area counselling program has obtained affirmation and open up new guidance for the national leisure agriculture areas. This is the results of partnership of many industry, government, and academia members.


Exploratory excavations in Cemetery, Emily and Slaughter Bays in search of a prehistoric settlement site are outlined, along with small scale researches elsewhere on Norfolk Island and on adjacent islands. The archaeological excavations at the settlement site discovered in Emily Bay are described in detail and the taphonomy of the site discussed.


The paper examines the impact of private investment on Pakistan's economic growth through a time series analysis for the period 1980-2017. Economic growth is represented with real per-capita GDP, private sector credit as an envoy of private investment (DCPS), and other variables are foreign direct investment, the discount rate, and the inflation rate. The stationarity properties of the data are investigated through Augmented Dicky Fuller test (ADF), and ARDL co-integration technique is used to estimate the equation. The findings show a significant and negative association between LDPS and real GDP: that 1% increase (or decrease) in domestic credit to private sector, on average, causes a 0.7% decrease (or increase) in real per-capita GDP in the long-run. It is also found that discount rate and GDP deflator have a negative impact on economic growth. The study concluded that private investment has negative impact on economic growth in Pakistan. It recommends to build a favourable economic environment, and incentivize FDI in Pakistan due to its positive and significant impact on GDP. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences Vol. 1 1 , No. 4, 2021, E-ISSN: 2222-6990 © 2021 HRMARS 380


Objective To observation the clinical efficacy of Jinshuangqi and smecta of combination therapy in children with rotavirus enteritis.Methods Select May 2011 to April 2012,84 cases of children with rotavirus enteritis in hospital,divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table(n=42).The control group received conventional therapy and the observation group on this basis received the combination of Golden Bifid and Smecta.Observed two sets of clinical efficacy and adverse reactions.Results The observe group clinical efficacy of the total effective rate was 97.6%(41/42),the control group was 83.3%(35/42),the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).The recovery time,the antidiarrheal time and hospital stay time were significantly less than the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The two groups did not appear adverse reactions.Conclusion The combined of Golden Bifid and Smectag has more efficacy of the treatment of children with rotavirus enteritis.


Making an aircraft silent involves many things. One sure solution is achieving a lower stall speed. If an aircraft can fly at very low speed and still ascend then lower noise is expected. A lower stall speed poses the challenge of an increased swept area and larger wings. A larger wing area means a higher expected flutter and vibration which could lead to catastrophic failure in flight. This work tends to widen the operational envelop involving all factors involved in achieving a lower stall speed.


Neisseria meningitidis is a major causative agent of bacterial septicemia and meningitis in humans. Currently, there are no vaccines to prevent disease caused by strains of N. meningitidis serogroup B. The Class 1 Outer Membrane Protein (OMP) has been named porA which is a cation selective transmembrane protein of 45 KDa that forms trimeric pore in the meningococcal outer membrane. PorA from serogroup B N. meningitidis was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pBAD-gIIIA. Recombinant protein was expressed with arabinose and affinity purified by Ni-NTA agarose, SDS-PAGE and western blotting were performed for protein determination and verification. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with purified rPorA together with alum adjuvant. Serum antibody responses to serogroups B N. meningitidis were determined by ELISA. Serum IgG response significantly increased in the group immunized with rPorA together with alum adjuvant in comparison with control groups. These results suggest that rPorA can be a potential vaccine candidate for serogroup B N. meningitidis. is not only a common bacterial commensal of the human upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) but also an important and devastating human pathogen (1–2). Meningococci are gram-negative diplococci, can be encapsulated or unencapsulated, and are the worldwide cause of epidemic meningitis and rapidly progressing fatal shock. Meningococcal strains are classified into 13 serogroups based on the chemical composition of the polysaccharide capsule (3). Serogroups A, B, C, Y and W-135 are associated with diseases worldwide (4). Nearly one-half of all cases of meningococcal disease in the United States are caused by capsular group B strains, for which there is no widely effective vaccine (5). A quadrivalent group A, C, W-135 and Y polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine was introduced in the United States and is recommended for routine use. Control of meningococcal disease, however, will not be achieved until a widely effective vaccine is available against group B strains (6).


A Magnetic Bearing Wheel (MBW) with inclined magnetic poles is under development. This paper deals with the low disturbance control method of MBW based on the disturbance feedback. This control method generates the rotor displacement command that converges synchronous and harmonic components included in the disturbance of MBW to zero. This control system can be stabilized by adding appropriate phase lead as a function of the rotational speed of the rotor to the rotor displacement command. Based on the stability analysis by root loci, a simple adjusting method of the phase lead parameters is proposed. Next, the effectiveness of this control method is verified by the numerical simulation and the experiment. This control system enables the disturbance of MBW to decrease to 0.1 Nrms, /0.045 Nmrms or less in all rotational speeds up to 6000 rpm.


In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using networks of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) that collectively perform complex tasks for diverse applications. An important challenge in realizing UAV networks is the need for a communication platform that accommodates rapid network topology changes. For instance, a timely prediction of network topology changes can reduce communication link loss rate by setting up links with prolonged connectivity. In this work, we develop an optimal tracking policy for each UAV to perceive its surrounding network configuration in order to facilitate more efficient communication protocols. More specifically, we develop an algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and Kalman filtering with intermittent observations to find a set of optimal tracking policies for each UAV under time-varying channel qualities and constrained tracking resources such that the overall network estimation error is minimized.


IN RECENT years, increased interest and attention have been focused on problems of emotionally impaired physicians. In response to concern for the impaired physician who is under formal probation, the Oregon Board of Medical Examiners initiated an evaluation of the rehabilitation programs for probationers with substance-use disorders and psychiatric illness. This article reports on the evaluation of these rehabilitation programs and addresses several questions concerning the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts with impaired physicians. Those questions include the following: What are the problem types and risk groups of physicians who are on probation with the State Board of Medical Examiners for a psychiatric disorder? Is there a predictable course for the physician's illness? What is the physician's response to treatment? What is the preferred treatment plan for each major problem? In 1972, the American Medical Association's Council on Mental Health published its report on "The Sick Physician."1This initiated an


There are two separate visual systems in the human brain.
 Evidence from studies on both the humans and other primates has shown that there
 is a distinction between vision for perception and vision for action, which is
 reflected in the organization of the visual pathways in the cerebral cortex of
 primates. In recent years, researchers have attempted to find a similar
 dissociation between action and perception in human audition. The hypothesis
 tested in this paper is that the voice intensity is tracked and controlled by an
 auditory motor system. The results of this control are used for nonconciously
 correct the vocal production. To observe the dissociation between perception and
 motor control, a subliminal experimental situation was created, in which values
 below the perceptual threshold (values which were not processed through normal
 channels or apparatus of perception) were used. The hypothesis was that a
 subliminal modification of an auditory voice feedback would cause an appropriate
 correction as a response, even if this change was not actually perceived.
 Assuming that the auditory system functions in the same way as the visual one
 and processes the information vital for motor reactions in real time, a reaction
 that would compensate such a modification should be expected.


Cooperation is a type of business entity consisting of people or legal entity, based its activities based on the principle of people's economic movement based on the principle of kinship. The cooperation is a pillar of Indonesian economy, but in reality the cooperation has not been able to locate the position. Establishment of cooperation is expected to improve the welfare of members but the visible inactive cooperation more dominate than the growth of new cooperation. In Dumai City the number of cooperatives of 273 units of 94 cooperation is declared inactive and recommended for dissolution.This research was conducted in district Dumai Kota, Dumai City. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors causing inactive cooperation and to analyze the impact of inactive cooperation on members of the cooperation. This study uses quantitative research methods, from the number of inactive cooperation gained a population of 675 people. The sample of respondents in this study was determined based on Slovin formula of 87 people. The sampling technique using simple random sampling. Technique Data analysis is done by observation and spread the questionnaire.The conclusion of the factors causing the cooperation is not active is the role of cooperation benefit is less felt for the members and the community because the cooperation has not been able to maximize the service and its business, the lack of cooperation management, the performance of the cooperation movers are still low, not RAT implementation as a form of responsibility of the board and supervisor, little capital, non-current business management. Inactive cooperation have an impact on the congestion of cooperation enterprises, decreased coperation income, collected capital and the disruption of social relationships among employees, officers and members.
Keywords: Non-active cooperation, Cooperation Business and Work Ethic


In this paper we study the variation of the spectrum of block-diagonal systems under perturbations of compatible block structure with fixed zero blocks at arbitrarily prescribed locations ("Gershgorin-type perturbations"). We derive explicit and computable formulae for the associated mu-values. The results are then applied to characterize spectral value sets and stability radii for such perturbed systems. By specializing our results to the scalar diagonal case, the classical eigenvalue inclusion theorems of Gershgorin, Brauer, and Brualdi are obtained as corollaries. Moreover it follows that the inclusion regions of Brauer and Brualdi are optimal for the corresponding perturbation structures.


This article presents a graphical method for determining pipe diameter, fluid temperature and pressure drop for laminar and turbulent flow.


A machine-vision-based online dimensional measurement method of precise instruments relates to a machine-vision-based dimensional measurement method and solves the problem of high-precision requirements on workpiece measurement in modern industry. The method comprises the steps of adjusting a camera to obtain a clear image of a standard instrument and meanwhile collecting a template area inside the clear image; performing iterative threshold segmentation on the template area to obtain the segmented threshold of the image, namely, binarizing the template area to obtain a binary image of the template area; obtaining a binary image of an image to be measured, and obtaining a target area of the image to be measured through template matching; performing image processing on the target area of the image to be measured to obtain the edges of an instrument to be measured, which is used for dimensional measurement, and calculating the pixel distances among the edges; calculating the relation between the pixel distances and the actual distances of the image; and calculating out the actual dimension of the instrument to be measured. The machine-vision-based online dimensional measurement method of precise instruments can be widely applied to the machine vision dimensional measurement of the precise instruments.


Cytochrome b is a mitochondrial protein which is essential for cellular respiration; its coding sequence is therefore expected to be ruled by a regime of purifying selection. However, it is possible that such regime varies as the result of new selective pressures exerted by the physiological demands involved in the spread into new niches, thus allowing a certain degree of functional adaptation of the protein. Such change could result from the hypoxic conditions implicated in diving, subterranean habits and life at high altitudes. Within the Abrotrichini tribe (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) there are species which are fossorial, as well as others whose distributions reach the High Andes, where oxygen partial pressure is considerably lower than at sea level, which makes them candidates to have some level of positive selection acting on their cytochrome b sequences. This possibility was evaluated through likelihood-based tests for detecting positive selection by comparing the synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions rates (dN/dS) at the level of branches within the phylogeny and at that of particular codons in the sequence. The results confirmed the dominance of purifying selection, and they ruled out adaptation occurring as a consequence of fossoriality, but not as a result of life at high altitudes in the Abrotrichini. Nevertheless, complementary studies on additional mitochondrial genes would be required to confirm the existence of positive selection as the foundation of the observed patterns on the cytochrome b sequences of high-altitude Abrotrichini, since they could also be explained by a relaxation of purifying selection resulting from a reduction in the effective population size.


This article presents a novel framework for the modeling and scheduling of real-time systems (RTS) processing both sporadic and (multiperiod) periodic tasks, based on nonblocking supervisory control of state-tree structures. Instead of assigning static priorities, a real-time scheduling mechanism, namely priority-free conditionally preemptive scheduling, is used to describe the preemption relation among the tasks processed in an RTS. As a dynamic priority scheduling mechanism, partially preemptive or nonpreemptive earliest-deadline first scheduling is also addressed in this article. Finally, the scheduling strategies are illustrated by real-world examples.


microscopical examination, lymphocytic infiltration is found he affected glomeruli, certain of which are destroyed. There is tubular necrosis and thrombosis in the neighbouring vessels 1 (ii))Resolution may take place, and is frequently so C1ent that the areas which had been affected are recognised only with difficulty. When pyelonephritis goes on to suppuration, ucocyte accumulations occur, with the formation of scattered f scesses through the kidney (Fig. 2 (i)). On examination J. Is found that there is little walling-off of the suppurating Ion* ^r?m ne'ghbouring healthy tissue (Fig. 2 (ii)). In proved suppurative pyelonephritis, coalescence of the abscess ^vities gives rise to pyonephrosis and the virtual destruction of "le kidney. In those cases where resolution is incomplete in acute pyelon^P ritis, or where reinfection has taken place, changes occur ich lead to serious damage to the renal parenchyma (Fig. 3 (i)). amrnation causes dilatation and atony of the muscular wall the renal pelvis and the ureter, leading to stasis in their


"Math by the Month" activities are designed to engage students to think like mathematicians. Students may work on the activities individually or in small groups, or they may be used with the whole class as problems of the week. No solutions are suggested so that students will look to themselves for mathematical justification, thereby developing the confidence to validate their work. February is National Heart Month. The activities for this month relate to heart facts and health. Learners will explore mathematical concepts such as number sense and operations, patterns, data analysis, and measurement skills. These activities incorporate not only the various Content Standards but the Process Standards as well. ▲


Abstract Psychology is an ethnocentric science, cultivated mainly in the developed world and then exported to sub-Saharan Africa. The major facilitators or deterrents—local, international, and systemic—to its development pertain to the extent to which training, research, and practice are driven by Eurocentric theories, epistemologies, and methods, and how they undermine, ignore, or exclude folk psychology and local issues. Africa has her own frames of reference and social reality; these differ in some remarkable ways from the Euro-American. Efforts to indigenize psychology or to use it to solve the multiple problems Africa faces have merely begun, and need to be hastened. The eco-cultural framework, which compels sensitivity to local cultures and conditions, can promote the process of indigenizing psychology. A few contextualist or Afrocentric studies have yielded evidence pointing to the necessity for the reconsideration of Eurocentric conceptualization.


This article is a review of research literature on the teaching of concepts in instrumental music education. It is organized in four parts (a) the value of concept teaching in large instrumental ensembles, (b) time spent teaching concepts during rehearsals, (c) approaches to concept teaching, and (d) implications for music education. Research has indicated that there is value to teaching conceptually. Time invested in teaching concepts has not been found to detract from performance goals; on the contrary, performance may be enhanced. Musical concepts may be taught via positive and negative instances of concepts, music terms and descriptions, modeling, and music literature. More research on concept teaching in instrumental music is warranted.


The Winchester bowl.—At their January meeting the Trustees of the British Museum accepted on permanent loan the enamelled bowl found at Oliver's Mount, near Winchester, and published in this Journal (vol. xi, p. i). The claims of Winchester were not ignored by the County Council, who made the decision as ground-landlords of the property, and in return for the loan the Trustees are having a reproduction made for the local museum. This is to represent the bowl as new, as no one has ever seen a complete example of the type, and the combination of golden and silvered bronze with blood-red enamel should produce a striking exhibit which will have special archaeological value. The County Council were wisely guided in this transaction by our Fellow Sir William Portal, who is chairman of the Council and Vice-lieutenant of the county.


This theoretical study aims to present an overview of the professional practice in Brazil, in times of neoliberal globalization. To this end, a brief introduction on the meaning and history of the profession, presents the debate on neoliberal globalization and its impacts on Brazilian soil. Outlines a series of questions that are posed to the social work professional nowadays and finally discusses the challenges posed to the occupation.